1
|
Kawamoto K, Tanemura M, Nishida T, Fukuzawa M, Ito T, Matsuda H. Significant Inhibition of Human CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Xenocytotoxicity by Overexpression of the Human Decoy Fas Antigen. Transplantation 2006; 81:789-96. [PMID: 16534484 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000199266.07237.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CD8(+) CTL-mediated killing may be important for xenograft rejection. The purpose of this study was to explore the preventing methods for CTL-mediated xenocytotoxicity by overexpression of human decoy Fas, which lacks a death domain in its cytoplasmic region, by binding competition with endogenous pig Fas. Moreover, the cytoprotective effect of this CTL-killing of membrane-bound human FasL, which is resistant to metalloproteolytic cleavage, was also assessed. METHODS Human CTL were generated by the stimulation of human PBMC with swine endothelial cells (SEC) and human IL-2, subsequently a CD8(+) population were selected by magnetic beads and employed as the effector cells. Stable SEC transfectants expressing either decoy Fas or membrane-bound FasL were established. Double-transfectants were also created. The amelioration of cytotoxicity to these transfectants was examined with Cr release assay. RESULTS.: Human CD8(+) CTL were highly detrimental against parental SEC. This CTL-killing was strongly inhibited by anti-FasL mAb treatment, however partial suppression was observed by Concanamycin A treatment. The overexpression of either decoy Fas or membrane-bound FasL in SEC markedly inhibited CTL-xenocytotoxicity. The double expressions of these molecules also significantly reduced this xenocytotoxicity despite the low levels of expression of either decoy Fas or membrane-bound FasL. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the strong xenocytotoxicity of human CD8(+) CTL is mediated mainly by the Fas/FasL pathway. The overexpression of either decoy Fas or membrane-bound FasL were quite effective in preventing CTL-killing. Furthermore, the combined expression of both molecules in pig cells may create a window of opportunity for prolonging xenograft survival.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Heterophile/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Sequence Deletion
- Swine/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterologous/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Surgery (E1), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe key components of normal and aberrant death receptor pathways, the association of these abnormalities with tumorigenesis in bladder, prostate and renal cancer, and their potential application in novel therapeutic strategies targeted toward patients with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A MEDLINE literature search of the key words death receptors, TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand), FAS, bladder, prostate, renal and cancer was done to obtain information for review. A brief overview of the TRAIL and FAS death receptor pathways, and their relationship to apoptosis is described. Mechanisms that lead to nonfunction of these pathways and how they may contribute to tumorigenesis are linked. Current efforts to target death receptor pathways as a therapeutic strategy are highlighted. RESULTS Activation of tumor cell expressing death receptors by cytotoxic immune cells is the main mechanism by which the immune system eliminates malignant cells. Death receptor triggering induces a caspase cascade, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Receptor gene mutation or hypermethylation, decoy receptor or splice variant over expression, and downstream inhibitor interference are examples of the ways that normal pathway functioning is lost in cancers of the bladder and prostate. Targeting death receptors directly through synthetic ligand administration and blocking downstream inhibitor molecules with siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides represent novel therapeutic strategies under development. CONCLUSIONS Research into the death receptor pathways has demonstrated the key role that pathway aberrations have in the initiation and progression of malignancies of the bladder, prostate and kidney. This new understanding has resulted in exciting approaches to restore the functionality of these pathways as a novel therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh F O'Kane
- Uro-oncology Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang YC, Chan YH, Jackson DG, Hsieh SL. The glycosaminoglycan-binding domain of decoy receptor 3 is essential for induction of monocyte adhesion. J Immunol 2006; 176:173-80. [PMID: 16365408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor for Fas ligand, LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins shows inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), and TNF-like molecule 1A, is highly expressed in cancer cells and in tissues affected by autoimmune disease. DcR3.Fc has been shown to stimulate cell adhesion and to modulate cell activation and differentiation by triggering multiple signaling cascades that are independent of its three known ligands. In this study we found that DcR3.Fc-induced cell adhesion was inhibited by heparin and heparan sulfate, and that DcR3.Fc was unable to bind Chinese hamster ovary K1 mutants defective in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. Furthermore, the negatively charged, sulfated GAGs of cell surface proteoglycans, but not their core proteins, were identified as the binding sites for DcR3.Fc. A potential GAG-binding site was found in the C-terminal region of DcR3, and the mutation of three basic residues, i.e., K256, R258, and R259, to alanines abolished its ability to trigger cell adhesion. Moreover, a fusion protein comprising the GAG-binding region of DcR3 with an Fc fragment (DcR3_HBD.Fc) has the same effect as DcR3.Fc in activating protein kinase C and inducing cell adhesion. Compared with wild-type THP-1 cells, cell adhesion induced by DcR3.Fc was significantly reduced in both CD44v3 and syndecan-2 knockdown THP-1 cells. Therefore, we propose a model in which DcR3.Fc may bind to and cross-link proteoglycans to induce monocyte adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Chang
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a member of the TNFR superfamily. Because DcR3 is up-regulated in tumor tissues and is detectable in the sera of cancer patients, it is regarded as an immunosuppressor to down-regulate immune responses. To understand the function of DcR3 in vivo, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing DcR3 systemically. In comparison with HNT-TCR (HNT) transgenic mice, up-regulation of IL-4 and IL-10 and down-regulation of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha were observed in the influenza hemagglutinin(126-138) peptide-stimulated splenocytes of HNT-DcR3 double-transgenic mice. When infected with Listeria monocytogenes, DcR3 transgenic mice show attenuated expression of IFN-gamma as well as increased susceptibility to infection. The Th2 cell-biased phenotype in DcR3 transgenic mice is attributed to decreased IL-2 secretion by T cells, resulting in the suppression of IL-2 dependent CD4(+) T cell proliferation. This suggests that DcR3 might help tumor growth by attenuating the Th1 response and suppressing cell-mediated immunity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamana K, Bilim V, Hara N, Kasahara T, Itoi T, Maruyama R, Nishiyama T, Takahashi K, Tomita Y. Prognostic impact of FAS/CD95/APO-1 in urothelial cancers: decreased expression of Fas is associated with disease progression. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:544-51. [PMID: 16091761 PMCID: PMC2361597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The death receptor Fas (Apo1/CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL) system is recognised as a major pathway for the induction of apoptosis in vivo, and antiapoptosis via its blockade plays a critical role in carcinogenesis and progression in several malignancies. However, the function of Fas–FasL system in urothelial cancer (UC) has not been elucidated. We therefore investigated the expression of Fas, FasL and Decoy receptor 3 for FasL (DcR3) in UC specimens and cell lines, and examined the cytotoxic effect of an anti-Fas-activating monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vitro. Immunohistochemical examinations of Fas-related molecules were performed on 123 UC and 30 normal urothelium surgical specimens. Normal urothelium showed Fas staining in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In UC, less frequent Fas expression was significantly associated with a higher pathological grade (P<0.0001), a more advanced stage (P=0.023) and poorer prognosis (P=0.010). Fas and the absence thereof were suggested to be crucial factors with which to select patients requiring more aggressive treatment. Moreover, low-dose anti-Fas-activating mAb sensitised resistant cells to adriamycin, and this synergistic effect could be applied in the development of new treatment strategy for UC patients with multidrug-resistant tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yamana
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - V Bilim
- Division of Urology, Department of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - N Hara
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - T Kasahara
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - T Itoi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - R Maruyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Division of Urology, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Y Tomita
- Division of Urology, Department of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Division of Urology, Department of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
AIM: To characterize the expression and genomic amplification of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the role of DcR3 in apoptosis.
METHODS: We examined 48 cases of HCC for DcR3 expression by RT-PCR and DcR3 gene amplification by quantitative genomic PCR. DcR3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick and labeling (TUNEL) was used to identify the apoptosis cells in tissues. Primary hepatoma cell culture and MTT test were used to evaluate the protection against FasL- and chemical-induced apoptosis by DcR3 expression.
RESULTS: DcR3 mRNA overexpression was detected in 60% HCC (29/48) patients. The occurrence of HCC was not associated with amplification of the gene. One sample base substitution was found in three sites as a sequence in Genbank. The expression of DcR3 in HCC was associated with the apoptotic index (0.067±0.04 vs 0.209±0.12, P<0.01), size of mass, stage, and infiltration or metastasis (41.2% vs 71.0%, 40% vs 75%, 51.8% vs 84.6%, P<0.05). DcR3 expression could protect hepatoma cells against apoptosis induced by FasL, but not by chemicals.
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that in addition to gene amplification there may be another mechanism underlying DcR3 overexpression. The effect of overexpression of DcR3 on the apoptosis of cancer cells may have direct therapeutic implications for the management of HCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Shen
- Department of Surgery, 2(nd) Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang YH, Hsieh SL, Chao Y, Chou YC, Lin WW. Proinflammatory effects of LIGHT through HVEM and LTbetaR interactions in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Biomed Sci 2005; 12:363-75. [PMID: 15917993 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-1360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) superfamily are known to be potent mediators of immune responses. LIGHT is a member of the TNF superfamily, and its receptors have been identified as lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR), herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). LIGHT can induce either cell death and/or NF-kappaB activation via its interaction with LTbetaR and/or HVEM. In this study, we investigated the effects of LIGHT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We demonstrated that both LTbetaR and HVEM, but not DcR3, are present in HUVECs, and LIGHT can induce the secretion of chemokines (IL-8 and GRO-alpha), cell surface expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), PGI2 release, and COX-2 expression. However, the LIGHT mutein, LIGHT-R228E, which has been shown to exhibit binding specificity to LTbetaR, could not induce the secretion of GRO-alpha, PGI2, or the expression of COX-2. These results indicate that both LTbetaR and HVEM can discriminatively mediate the expression of different genes in HUVECs, and suggest that LIGHT is a proinflammatory cytokine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Death
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL1
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Inflammation
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/biosynthesis
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hsin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Zhang L, Lou H, Ding I, Kim S, Wang L, Huang J, Di Sant'Agnese PA, Lei JY. Overexpression of decoy receptor 3 in precancerous lesions and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Clin Pathol 2005; 124:282-7. [PMID: 16040301 DOI: 10.1309/xk59-4e4b-5wu8-2qr6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of decoy receptor (DcR) 3 protein, a recently discovered member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, was examined in 40 esophagogastrectomy specimens containing areas of Barrett esophagus (n = 27), low-grade dysplasia (n = 27), high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (n = 22), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC; n = 28) with immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed significantly more overexpression of DcR3 in high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and EAC than in benign esophageal mucosa (both P < .0001), Barrett esophagus (both P < .001), and low-grade dysplasia (P < .01 and P = .033, respectively). Low-grade dysplasia also showed significant overexpression of DcR3 compared with benign esophagus (P < .05) but not with Barrett esophagus (P > .05). DcR3 overexpression seems to negatively correlate with the grade of EAC. Our results suggest that overexpression of DcR3 protein might aid in the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and EAC and also might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Henan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang L, Mitchell CE, Yu L, Clayton Gough P, Riggin A. Carbohydrate structural characterization of fas ligand inhibitory protein. Methods Mol Biol 2005; 308:421-34. [PMID: 16082053 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-922-2:421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Fotiadu A, Kotoula V. Increased expression of soluble decoy receptor 3 in acutely inflamed intestinal epithelia. Clin Immunol 2005; 115:286-94. [PMID: 15893696 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2005.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, is known to inhibit apoptosis mediated by pro-apoptotic TNF family cytokines such as Fas ligand (FasL), TL1A, and LIGHT. Therefore, the regulation of DcR3 expression under certain pathophysiological conditions is of interest since the level of soluble DcR3 would most likely affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. We found that human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines (SW480, SW620, and HT29) could selectively increase DcR3 release in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that all the cells preferentially expressed Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). LPS-induced DcR3 releases in IECs appeared to be via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Moreover, the increased expression of DcR3 in appendix epithelia from patients with acute appendicitis was demonstrated. Taken together, the results indicated that DcR3 might play an important role in the human intestinal epithelium during acute inflammatory processes caused by endotoxin challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Rm 280 Nott Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
DcR3/TR6, a secreted protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily, interacts with lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes virus entrance mediator (LIGHT), Fas ligand (FasL), and TL1A, all members of the TNF superfamily. Solid-phase TR6 can trigger reverse signaling of LIGHT and FasL expressed on T cells, and lead to T cell costimulation. In this study, we engineered tumor cells to express cell surface TR6 and used these cells as a tumor vaccine. We demonstrated that mastocytoma P815 cells expressing surface TR6 (TR6-P815) effectively augmented the T cells response in vitro and ex vivo in terms of proliferation, as well as IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. TR6-P815 cells had reduced tumorigenicity compared with parental P815 cells. When inactivated TR6-P815 cells were employed as a vaccine, they protected the mice from challenge with live parental P815 cells, and eliminated established P815 tumors. The cell surface TR6-based tumor vaccine was also effective against low antigenicity tumors, such as B16 melanoma; co-administration of bacillus Calmette-Guérin further enhanced the vaccine's efficacy. Thus, cell surface TR6 expression is a useful addition to our tumor vaccine arsenal.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixiu Shi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang CR, Hsieh SL, Ho FM, Lin WW. Decoy receptor 3 increases monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via NF-kappa B-dependent up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1, and IL-8 expression. J Immunol 2005; 174:1647-56. [PMID: 15661928 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor for FasL, LIGHT and TL1A, is highly expressed in cancer cells. We show that pretreatment of HUVECs with DcR3 enhances the adhesion of THP-1 and U937 cells and primary monocytes. A similar stimulatory effect of DcR3 on THP-1 adhesion was also observed in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Flow cytometry and ELISA showed that DcR3-treated HUVECs exhibited significant increases in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. We also demonstrate the ability of DcR3 to stimulate the secretion of IL-8 by HUVECs. RT-PCR and reporter assays revealed that the expression of adhesion molecules and IL-8 are regulated at the level of gene transcription. Experiments with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate indicated the involvement of an NF-kappaB signaling pathway. DcR3 was found to induce IkappaB kinase activation, IkappaB degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. The enhancement by DcR3 of cell adhesion to HUVECs was not mimicked by the TL1A-Ab, which has been shown in our previous work to be a neutralizing Ab against TL1A, thereby inducing HUVECs angiogenesis. Moreover, DcR3-induced cell adhesion could be detected in human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) in which TL1A expression is lacking. Together, our data demonstrate that DcR3 increases monocyte adhesion to ECs via NF-kappaB activation, leading to the transcriptional up-regulation of adhesion molecules and IL-8 in ECs. This novel action appears not to be due to TL1A neutralization, but occurs through an as yet undefined target(s). This study implicates DcR3 in the relationship between inflammation and cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ron Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arakawa Y, Tachibana O, Hasegawa M, Miyamori T, Yamashita J, Hayashi Y. Frequent gene amplification and overexpression of decoy receptor 3 in glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol 2005; 109:294-8. [PMID: 15627206 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-004-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) gene is amplified at high frequency in human lung, colon, and liver cancers. DcR3 has been demonstrated to produce a secreted member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that negatively regulates Fas-mediated apoptosis. In this study we examined DcR3 gene amplification, DcR3 mRNA expression, and DcR3 protein expression in 46 human astrocytic brain tumors by quantitative genomic PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The DcR3 gene amplification was detected in none of 6 (0%) low-grade astrocytomas, 1 of 16 (6%) anaplastic astrocytomas, and 6 of 24 ( 25%) glioblastomas. Six of 7 (86%) cases with gene amplification exhibited both mRNA overexpression and/or protein overexpression, suggesting that DcR3 mRNA and protein were expressed more abundantly in the cases with gene amplification. We thus concluded that high DcR3 mRNA expression and protein expression may be positively related to the gene amplification in astrocytic brain tumors, especially glioblastomas. Further, we speculated that the DcR3 gene amplification with overexpression may be responsible for malignant features in glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Arakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama City Hospital, 2-1 Imaizumi-Hokubumachi, 939-8511, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matute-Bello G, Liles WC, Frevert CW, Dhanireddy S, Ballman K, Wong V, Green RR, Song HY, Witcher DR, Jakubowski JA, Martin TR. Blockade of the Fas/FasL system improves pneumococcal clearance from the lungs without preventing dissemination of bacteria to the spleen. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:596-606. [PMID: 15655784 DOI: 10.1086/427261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fas/FasL system is both proapoptotic and proinflammatory. FasL is inhibited by decoy receptor-3 (DcR3), a naturally occurring decoy receptor. We determined the effects of systemic blockade of the Fas/FasL system by a DcR3 analog (DcR3-a) in mice with pneumococcal pneumonia. METHODS Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.2 x 105 or 1.9 x 107 cfu/mL) was instilled intratracheally into untreated C57Bl/6 mice, C57Bl/6 mice treated with DcR3-a, or Fas-deficient lpr mice, and the mice were studied 48 h later. RESULTS After instillation of the lower bacterial dose, disruption of the Fas/FasL system by either DcR3-a or the lpr mutation resulted in improved clearance of bacteria in the lungs (mean +/- SE, 4.6+/-2.1 x 10(6) and 3.5 +/- 1.6 x 10(6) cfu/lung, respectively, vs. 21.9+/-9.3 x 10(6) cfu/lung in untreated C57Bl/6 mice; P<.05) and decreased percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (mean +/- SE, 19.3%+/-9.5% and 20.2%+/-7.8%, respectively, vs. 55.0%+/-12.2% in untreated C57Bl/6 mice; P<.05). These changes were associated with decreased lung concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and with a decrease in apoptotic cells in the alveolar walls. CONCLUSION Blockade of the Fas/FasL system by DcR3-a in the lungs improves clearance of bacteria in mice with pneumococcal pneumonia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Chemokine CXCL2
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monokines/analysis
- Mutation
- Phagocytosis
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Spleen/microbiology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
- fas Receptor/genetics
- fas Receptor/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Medical Research Service of the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3)/TR6/M68 is a soluble receptor that binds to the Fas ligand LIGHT and TL1A. Elevated levels of DcR3 expression have been found in many tumors. We report an unexpected effect of DcR3 by sensitizing Jurkat and U937 cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Cell death triggered by anti-Fas and tumor necrosis factor was unaffected by DcR3. DcR3 by itself did not stimulate apoptosis. The ability to augment TRAIL-initiated cell death was not observed with soluble lymphotoxin beta receptor or soluble death receptor 3, indicating that binding to LIGHT or TL1A alone is insufficient to trigger TRAIL sensitivity. Incubation with DcR3 did not increase the surface expression of TRAIL receptor, and the level of Fas-associated death domain protein and cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein was not altered. Instead, in the presence of DcR3, TRAIL engagement resulted in an increased activation of caspase-8, an elevated cleavage of Bid, and enhanced release of Smac and cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol compared with TRAIL alone. This led to increased activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The unusual ability of DcR3 to promote TRAIL-triggered death may be used to potentiate TRAIL efficacy during treatment tumors overexpressing DcR3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Arthritis, Juvenile/blood
- Arthritis, Juvenile/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/blood
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Infant
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Th2 Cells/immunology
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Activation of Fas receptor by Fas ligand causes caspase 8 activation and apoptosis in cells and is an important mechanism by which normal tissue homeostasis and function are maintained. Activation of caspase 8 is preceded by the formation of a death-inducing signalling complex (DISC), and a number of redundant mechanisms regulate DISC formation in vivo. Fas receptor is widely expressed in tissues, and dysfunction of the regulatory mechanisms in Fas receptor signalling has been reported in several diseases including autoimmune disease and cancer. This review aims to identify and discuss the various mechanisms employed by cells to alter their sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis by regulating DISC formation. We also discuss a number of defects identified with Fas receptor signalling and the associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Curtin
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Research Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hwang SL, Lin CL, Cheng CY, Lin FA, Lieu AS, Howng SL, Lee KS. Serum concentration of soluble decoy receptor 3 in glioma patients before and after surgery. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2004; 20:124-7. [PMID: 15124896 DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppression of immune responses in malignant gliomas is thought to be involved in glioma pathogenesis. The newly identified tumor-secreted soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) can bind to the ligands CD95L and LIGHT, thereby neutralizing their pro-apoptotic actions. Little is known of the production of DcR3 by glioma cells. This study investigated the serum concentration of DcR3 in glioma patients before and after tumor removal. Blood samples were taken from 17 glioma patients and 10 control patients. The serum DcR3 concentration was measured using a DcR3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative (0.069 +/- 0.027 ng/mL) and postoperative DcR3 concentrations (0.068 +/- 0.022 ng/mL; p = 0.951). Similarly, there was no difference in preoperative DcR3 concentration between glioma patients (0.069 +/- 0.027 ng/mL) and controls (0.063 +/- 0.023 ng/mL; p = 0.106). Our study demonstrated no alteration in DcR3 concentration in glioma patients before and after tumor removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiuh-Lin Hwang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sung HH, Juang JH, Lin YC, Kuo CH, Hung JT, Chen A, Chang DM, Chang SY, Hsieh SL, Sytwu HK. Transgenic expression of decoy receptor 3 protects islets from spontaneous and chemical-induced autoimmune destruction in nonobese diabetic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:1143-51. [PMID: 15078896 PMCID: PMC2211895 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DCR3) halts both Fas ligand– and LIGHT-induced cell deaths, which are required for pancreatic β cell damage in autoimmune diabetes. To directly investigate the therapeutic potential of DCR3 in preventing this disease, we generated transgenic nonobese diabetic mice, which overexpressed DCR3 in β cells. Transgenic DCR3 protected mice from autoimmune and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced the severity of insulitis. Local expression of the transgene did not alter the diabetogenic properties of systemic lymphocytes or the development of T helper 1 or T regulatory cells. The transgenic islets had a higher transplantation success rate and survived for longer than wild-type islets. We have demonstrated for the first time that the immune-evasion function of DCR3 inhibits autoimmunity and that genetic manipulation of grafts may improve the success and survival of islet transplants.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Graft Survival
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hsuan Sung
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang CR, Hsieh SL, Teng CM, Ho FM, Su WL, Lin WW. Soluble decoy receptor 3 induces angiogenesis by neutralization of TL1A, a cytokine belonging to tumor necrosis factor superfamily and exhibiting angiostatic action. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1122-9. [PMID: 14871847 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TL1A is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell apoptosis. A previous study shows TL1A is able to interact with death receptor 3 and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). Here, we demonstrate that DcR3 is able to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). DcR3 promotes HUVEC proliferation and migration and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Furthermore, DcR3 enhances EC differentiation into cord vascular-like structures in vitro, as well as neovascularization in vivo. The effects of DcR3 on HUVECs are also mimicked by anti-TL1A and antideath receptor 3 antibodies. In contrast, human aortic endothelial cells, which do not express TL1A, are not responsive to DcR3 treatment, including cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic differentiation. These data demonstrate DcR3 might not only help tumor cells to escape immune surveillance but also induce angiogenesis by blocking TL1A action in endothelial cells. The pathological role of DcR3 in promoting cancer progress raises the possibility to target DcR3 for antiangiogenic therapy in the future.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ron Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen J, Zhang L, Kim S. Quantification and detection of DcR3, a decoy receptor in TNFR family. J Immunol Methods 2004; 285:63-70. [PMID: 14871535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Revised: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A soluble decoy receptor, DcR3, belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, and this receptor is known to bind to three TNF family ligands, namely Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT, and TL1A. To aid our understating of the role of DcR3 in the immune system, we have developed quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect soluble DcR3 in human biological fluids. Two monoclonal antibodies, MD3E2 and MD3B1, that recognized different epitopes on the DcR3 molecule were selected as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, to be paired in ELISA. The assay had a detection limit of 36 pg/ml with a dynamic range of 0.25-16 ng/ml. The recovery range was 91-112% for cell culture supernatant and 90-108% for human sera. Intra- and inter-assay CVs were less than 7.2% and 11.2%, respectively. Among a panel of cell lines tested, colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SW480, secreted the highest levels of DcR3 at 3.2 ng/ml. From the screening of human sera samples, we discovered that 39 healthy individuals, 59 tumor patients, and 46 patients with renal failure expressed an average (mean+/-S.D.) 0.56+/-0.52, 2.3+/-1.6, and 4.6+/-2.8 ng/ml DcR3, respectively. To confirm the specificity of ELISA, we have purified native DcR3 from SW480 cell culture supernatants and identified a native DcR3 in a clinical serum by immunoprecipitation. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the ELISA developed in this study was specific and sensitive to quantify soluble DcR3 in a variety of human biological fluids and that the assay would be useful for studying the regulation of DcR3 in certain pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Chen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hsu MJ, Lin WW, Tsao WC, Chang YC, Hsu TL, Chiu AW, Chio CC, Hsieh SL. Enhanced adhesion of monocytes via reverse signaling triggered by decoy receptor 3. Exp Cell Res 2004; 292:241-51. [PMID: 14697332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a newly identified soluble protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is a receptor for Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT and TL1A. It has been demonstrated that DcR3 is frequently overexpressed by malignant tumors arising from lung, gastrointestinal tract, neuronal glia and virus-associated leukemia. Recently, we demonstrated that DcR3 is able to modulate the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs), and that DcR3-treated DCs skew naive T cell differentiation towards a Th2 phenotype. In this study, we further demonstrate that DcR3 is able to induce actin reorganization and enhance the adhesion of monocytes and THP-1 cells by activating multiple signaling molecules, such as protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinases. This provides the first evidence that the soluble DcR3, like other immobilized members of TNFR superfamily, is able to trigger 'reverse signaling' to modulate cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang CR, Wang JH, Hsieh SL, Wang SM, Hsu TL, Lin WW. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) induces osteoclast formation from monocyte/macrophage lineage precursor cells. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11 Suppl 1:S97-107. [PMID: 15002040 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) of the TNF receptor superfamily, which initially though prevents cytokine responses of FasL, LIGHT and TL1A by binding and neutralization, can modulate monocyte function through reverse signaling. We show in this work that DcR3 can induce osteoclast formation from human monocytes, murine RAW264.7 macrophages, and bone marrow cells. DcR3-differentiated cells exhibit characteristics unique for osteoclasts, including polynuclear giant morphology, bone resorption, TRAP, CD51/61, and MMP-9 expression. Consistent with the abrogation of osteoclastogenic effect of DcR3 by TNFR-Fc, DcR3 treatment can induce osteoclastogenic cytokine TNF-alpha release through ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. We conclude that DcR3 via coupling reverse signaling of ERK and p38 MAPK and stimulating TNF-alpha synthesis is a critical regulator of osteoclast formation. This action of DcR3 might play an important role in significant osteoclastic activity in osteolytic bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim S, McAuliffe WJ, Zaritskaya LS, Moore PA, Zhang L, Nardelli B. Selective induction of tumor necrosis receptor factor 6/decoy receptor 3 release by bacterial antigens in human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Infect Immun 2004; 72:89-93. [PMID: 14688085 PMCID: PMC343977 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.1.89-93.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 6/decoy receptor 3 (TR6/DcR3) is an antiapoptosis soluble receptor of the TNF family produced by tumor cells. In this study, TR6 expression in human immune cells was investigated. TR6 mRNA and protein were detectable in selected antigen-presenting cells. Monocytes and myeloid-derived dendritic cells (MDC) released the protein exclusively following stimulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 by gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial antigens. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activated by bacterial antigens via TLR9 or by viral infection, did not produce the protein. Similarly, activated T cells did not release TR6. The release of TR6 by MDC was dependent on the activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, Src-like protein tyrosine kinases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, signaling pathways important for MDC maturation and survival. In agreement with the in vitro data, TR6 levels in serum were significantly elevated in patients with bacterial infections. Overall, these data suggest a novel role for TR6 in immune responses to bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Human Genome Sciences Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
TR6/DcR3 is a secreted molecule belonging to the TNFR family. Its ligands are LIGHT, Fas ligand, and TL1A, all TNF family members. TR6 is expressed in some tumors and is hypothesized to endow tumor cells with survival advantages by blocking Fas-mediated apoptosis. It can also inhibit T cell activation by interfering with two-way T cell costimulation between LIGHT and HveA. In this study, we discovered a novel function of TR6: inhibition of T cell chemotaxis. Human T cells pretreated with soluble or solid-phase TR6-Fc showed compromised migration toward CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha in vitro in a Transwell assay. Such an effect could also be observed in T cells pretreated with soluble or solid-phase HveA-Fc or anti-LIGHT mAb, suggesting that LIGHT reverse signaling was likely responsible for chemotaxis inhibition. TR6 pretreatment also led to T cell chemotaxis suppression in vivo in the mice, confirming in vivo relevance of the in vitro observation. Mechanistically, a small GTPase Cdc42 failed to be activated after TR6 pretreatment of human T cells, and further downstream, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, actin polymerization, and pseudopodium formation were all down-regulated in the treated T cells. This study revealed a previously unknown function of TR6 in immune regulation, and such an effect could conceivably be explored for therapeutic use in controlling undesirable immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixiu Shi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology Service of Notre Dame Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
LIGHT is a member of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and previous studies have indicated that in the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), LIGHT through LTbetaR signaling can induce cell death with features unlike classic apoptosis. In present study, we investigated the mechanism of LIGHT/IFN-gamma-induced cell death in HT-29 cells, where the cell death was profoundly induced when sub-toxic concentrations of LIGHT and IFN-gamma were co-treated. LIGHT/IFN-gamma-induced cell death was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and slight LDH release. This effect was not affected by caspase, JNK nor cathepsin B inhibitors, but was partially prevented by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and abolished by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), which is an inhibitor of endonuclease and STATs signaling of IFN-gamma. Immunobloting reveals that LIGHT/IFN-gamma could induce p38 MAPK activity, Bak and Fas expression, but down-regulate Mcl-1. Besides, LIGHT/IFN-gamma could not activate caspase-3 and -9, but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Although LIGHT could not affect IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and transactivation activity, which was required for the sensitization of cell death, survival NF-kappaB signaling of LIGHT was inhibited by IFN-gamma. These data suggest that co-presence of LIGHT and IFN-gamma can induce an integrated interaction in signaling pathways, which lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and mix-type cell death, not involving caspase activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chang YC, Hsu TL, Lin HH, Chio CC, Chiu AW, Chen NJ, Lin CH, Hsieh SL. Modulation of macrophage differentiation and activation by decoy receptor 3. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 75:486-94. [PMID: 14657214 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0903448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is readily detected in certain cancer patients. Recently, we demonstrated that DcR3.Fc-treated dendritic cells skew T cell responses to a T helper cell type 2 phenotype. In this study, we further asked its ability to modulate CD14+ monocyte differentiation into macrophages induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor in vitro. We found that DcR3.Fc was able to modulate the expression of several macrophage markers, including CD14, CD16, CD64, and human leukocyte antigen-DR. In contrast, the expression of CD11c, CD36, CD68, and CD206 (mannose receptor) was not affected in the in vitro culture system. Moreover, phagocytic activity toward immune complexes and apoptotic bodies as well as the production of free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide were impaired in DcR3.Fc-treated monocyte-derived macrophages. This suggests that DcR3.Fc might have potent, suppressive effects to down-regulate the host-immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Chang
- Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perlman H, Nguyen N, Liu H, Eslick J, Esser S, Walsh K, Moore TL, Pope RM. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid macrophages express decreased tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand R2 and increased decoy receptor tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand R3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 48:3096-101. [PMID: 14613271 DOI: 10.1002/art.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the expression pattern of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its cognate receptors (TRAIL R1, R2, R3, and R4) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages and on cultured RA synovial fibroblasts. METHODS The expression of TRAIL and TRAIL receptors on RA SF lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages, normal macrophages, and RA synovial fibroblasts was examined by flow cytometry with previously characterized monoclonal antibodies. The ability of adenoviral-mediated delivery of TRAIL to induce macrophage or RA synovial fibroblast apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS By flow cytometry, neither TRAIL nor its cognate receptors was detectable on RA SF lymphocytes or RA synovial fibroblasts. In contrast, RA SF macrophages expressed TRAIL R3, a decoy receptor (P < 0.01 versus isotype control), but not TRAIL, or TRAIL R1, R2, or R4. Normal peripheral blood-derived monocyte-differentiated macrophages expressed TRAIL R2 (P < 0.01), but not TRAIL or the other TRAIL receptors. Adenoviral-mediated delivery of TRAIL had no effect on the survival of normal macrophages or RA synovial fibroblasts but readily induced apoptosis in the prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) that expressed TRAIL R1 and R2. CONCLUSION TRAIL R1 and R2, which are required for signal transmission by TRAIL, were not detected on RA SF lymphocytes, macrophages, or synovial fibroblasts. These observations do not support a potential therapeutic role for TRAIL in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harris Perlman
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu YL, Yu JX, Shen HW, Han B, Gao SL. [Clinical significance and correlation between elevated serum TR6 and lympho-metastasis in gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2003; 41:928-31. [PMID: 14728836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of serum TR(6) for the diagnosis and TNM classification in patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS Serum TR(6) levels were measured using ELISA method in 31 gastric cancer patients, 19 patients with nonmalignant conditions and 29 healthy individuals. TR(6) expression in tumor mass was studied with immunohistochemistry. TR(6) gene copy number in tumor tissues was evaluated by real time PCR. RESULTS Ninety-seven point nine percent (47 of 48 cases) of healthy individuals and patients with nonmalignant conditions were serum TR(6)-negative. In contrast, 71% (22 of 31 cases) of gastric cancer patients were serum TR(6)-positive. Serum TR(6) positiveness was closely correlated with tumor differentiation status and TNM classification. TR(6) gene amplification did not occur in gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Serum TR(6) levels were correlated significantly with TNM stage and histopathological type of tumor. This can help to determine the pre-operative TNM classification and to choose the optimal extent of lymph node dissection for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu SF, Liu TM, Lin YC, Sytwu HK, Juan HF, Chen ST, Shen KL, Hsi SC, Hsieh SL. Immunomodulatory effect of decoy receptor 3 on the differentiation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in nonobese diabetic mice: from regulatory mechanism to clinical implication. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 75:293-306. [PMID: 14634066 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0303119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory effects of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) on the differentiation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were cultured with recombinant DcR3.Fc protein. Their differentiating phenotypes and T cell-stimulating functions were then evaluated. Expression of CD11c, CD40, CD54, and major histocompatibility complex I-A(g7) was reduced in cells cultured with additional DcR3.Fc, compared with DCs incubated with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4, indicating that DcR3 interferes with the differentiation and maturation of BM-DCs. One of the most striking effects of DcR3.Fc on the differentiation of DCs was the up-regulation of CD86 and down-regulation of CD80, suggesting a modulatory potential to skew the T cell response toward the T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype. Consistent with this, the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DcR3.Fc-treated DCs was significantly reduced compared with that of T cells stimulated by normal DCs. Moreover, the secretion of interferon-gamma from T cells cocultured with DcR3.Fc-treated DCs was profoundly suppressed, indicating that DcR3 exerts a Th1-suppressing effect on differentiating DCs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency mice received DcR3.Fc-treated DCs, and subsequently, autoreactive T cells showed delayed onset of diabetes and a decrease in diabetic severity compared with mice that received normal DCs and T cells, suggesting a future therapeutic potential in autoimmune diabetes. Data from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight analysis show an up-regulation of some proteins-such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 beta, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, and signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1-and a down-regulation of the IL-17 precursor; tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand family member-associated nuclear factor-kappaB activator-binding kinase 1; and Golgi S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine in cells treated with DcR3, further demonstrating its effect on DC differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fujita Y, Sakakura C, Shimomura K, Nakanishi M, Yasuoka R, Aragane H, Hagiwara A, Abe T, Inazawa J, Yamagishi H. Chromosome arm 20q gains and other genomic alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, as analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hepatogastroenterology 2003; 50:1857-63. [PMID: 14696419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Our recent analysis of gastric cancers and colorectal cancers using comparative genomic hybridization revealed a novel, high frequent copy number increases the long arm of chromosome 20 in association with possible involvement of liver metastases and poor prognosis. This led to further comparative genomic hybridization analysis of chromosomal aberrations in primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the study presented here was to analyze the chromosomal aberrations and to determine the numbers of copies of AIB1, BTAK, DcR3 and E2F1 as putative target genes on chromosome 20q as well as their expression and relation to clinicopathological features in 41 primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODOLOGY We used comparative genomic hybridization to screen 41 primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for changes in the number of copies of DNA sequences. To further characterize the gain of DNA sequences at 20q, we also performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. We examined the relationship between these changes and clinicopathological factors. RESULTS Gains in chromosome arm 20q were detected (34.1%) as well as a high level of gain in 20q12-13 (4.8%). AIB1 amplification was observed in 4.9% (2/41), BTAK amplification in 9.8% (4/41), DcR3 amplification was in 4.9% (2/41), and E2F1 amplification in 7.3% (3/41). The survival of patients with BTAK or E2F1 amplification was significantly lower than that of patients without these abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for a number of previously unknown genomic aberrations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting the existence of target regions relevant to its progression. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with 20q gain showed extensive lung metastases, pleural effusion and liver metastases and poorer prognosis compared to cases without 20q gain. Our results suggest that amplification of BTAK or E2F1 are likely to lead to an increase in the number of malignant phenotypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and that these aberrations can be expected to be useful as markers of poor prognosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aurora Kinase A
- Aurora Kinases
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- E2F Transcription Factors
- E2F1 Transcription Factor
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophagus/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Prognosis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Survival Rate
- Transcription Factors/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Fujita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Department of Hygiene, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wortinger MA, Foley JW, Larocque P, Witcher DR, Lahn M, Jakubowski JA, Glasebrook A, Song HY. Fas ligand-induced murine pulmonary inflammation is reduced by a stable decoy receptor 3 analogue. Immunology 2003; 110:225-33. [PMID: 14511236 PMCID: PMC1783033 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL)-induced lung inflammation has recently been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS). In order to further explore this connection, we established a FasL-induced murine model of pulmonary inflammation. Instillation of recombinant FasL (rFasL) into the lung induced neutrophil infiltration and increased pulmonary permeability, as evidenced by increased total protein in the airspace; both occur in patients with ARDS. These effects were accompanied with a rapid induction of proinflammatory mediators: cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and KC. Pretreatment with a FasL antagonist, a decoy receptor 3 analogue (DcR3 analogue), reduced neutrophil infiltration into the airspace and resulted in a highly significant reduction in the levels of GM-CSF, MIP-2 and KC in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We postulate that rFasL may be responsible for induction of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in the lung, which in turn attract neutrophil infiltration into the airspace. This proinflammatory process and the associated pulmonary permeability may, in part, explain the association of FasL with severe pulmonary inflammation, such as ARDS, and shed new light on FasL and its role in lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Wortinger
- Department of BioRTP, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph W Foley
- Department of Infectious Disease, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick Larocque
- Department of Infectious Disease, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Derrick R Witcher
- Department of BioRTP, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Lahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph A Jakubowski
- Department of BioRTP, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew Glasebrook
- Department of BioRTP, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ho Yeong Song
- Department of BioRTP, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is defined as the loss of islet function after transplantation for reasons other than graft rejection. It is a major obstacle to successful and efficient islet transplantation. DcR3/TR6 is a soluble death decoy receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and it can block apoptosis mediated by several TNF receptor family members such as Fas and LT beta R. In this study, we used TR6 to protect islets from PNF after transplantation. Untreated isogeneic or allogeneic islet transplantation had PNF incidence of 25 and 26.5%, respectively. Administration of TR6 totally prevented PNF in allogeneic islet transplantation. In vitro experiments showed an increased apoptosis among islets that were treated with FasL and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) in combination. TR6 significantly reduced such apoptosis. Functional study showed that insulin release was compromised after FasL and IFN-gamma treatment, and the compromise could be prevented with TR6-Fc. This indicates that TR6 indeed protected beta-cells from damage caused by FasL and IFN-gamma. Further in vivo experiments showed that syngeneic islet transplantation between lpr/lpr and gld/gld mice was significantly more efficacious than that conducted between wild-type mice. These results suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in PNF, and use of TR6 may be a novel strategy to prevent PNF in clinical islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wu
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tsuji S, Hosotani R, Yonehara S, Masui T, Tulachan SS, Nakajima S, Kobayashi H, Koizumi M, Toyoda E, Ito D, Kami K, Mori T, Fujimoto K, Doi R, Imamura M. Endogenous decoy receptor 3 blocks the growth inhibition signals mediated by Fas ligand in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2003; 106:17-25. [PMID: 12794752 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis despite the expression of Fas. To investigate the mechanisms by which Fas signals are attenuated, we focused on decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). DcR3 is a soluble receptor against Fas ligand belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and overexpresses in some forms of cancers. Exogenous DcR3 inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in Fas-sensitive Jurkat cells. In our study, we examined the expression and function of DcR3 in pancreatic cancers. TaqMan RT-PCR showed that DcR3 mRNA was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines (71%) and tissues (67%). Its expression significantly correlated with cancer invasion to veins. Western blotting showed that the DcR3 protein was produced and secreted in 4 of 6 cell lines. The protein expressions were compatible with the mRNA expression. Five of 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines became sensitive to agonistic anti-Fas antibody (CH-11) to various extents, without Fas upregulation, when exposed to CH-11 for 48 hr after pretreatment with IFNgamma. Four of 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines were inhibited from growing, compared to control cells, when cocultured with membrane-bounded Fas ligand (mFasL) transfected lymphomas for 48 hr after pretreatment with IFNgamma. DcR3 reduced this growth inhibition when added exogenously. Regression analysis showed that the DcR3 expression significantly correlated with the sensitivity to mFasL, and not to CH-11. These results suggest that DcR3 is highly expressed in many pancreatic cancers and endogenous DcR3 blocks the growth inhibition signals mediated by mFasL. DcR3 can be a candidate target molecule for the therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Tsuji
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligands bind to death domain-containing TNF receptors (death receptors), which can subsequently activate intracellular signaling pathways to initiate caspase activity and apoptotic cell death. Decoy receptors, without intracellular death domains, have been reported to prevent cytotoxic effects by binding to and sequestering such ligands, or by interfering with death receptor trimerization. The chicken death receptors, Fas, TNFR1, DR6, and TVB, are constitutively expressed in a relatively wide variety of hen tissues. In this study, two chicken receptors with sequence homology to the mammalian decoys, DcR3 and osteoprotegerin, were identified and their pattern of expression was characterized. Unlike the previously identified chicken death receptors, the newly characterized decoy receptors show comparatively limited expression among tissues, suggesting a tissue-specific function. Finally, characterization of these chicken receptors further contributes to understanding the evolutionary divergence of TNFR superfamily members among vertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Bridgham
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, P.O. Box 369, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu Y, Han B, Sheng H, Lin M, Moore PA, Zhang J, Wu J. Clinical significance of detecting elevated serum DcR3/TR6/M68 in malignant tumor patients. Int J Cancer 2003; 105:724-32. [PMID: 12740925 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TR6/DcR3/M68 is a soluble receptor that belongs to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed in malignant cells of several tumor types and has been postulated to help tumor cells to gain survival advantage by inhibiting apoptosis and by interfering with immune surveillance. In our study, we assessed for the first time serum TR6 in tumor patients to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value. We examined serum TR6 levels with ELISA in 146 tumor patients, 19 patients with acute infection, 5 patients with liver cirrhosis and 29 healthy individuals. TR6 expression in tumor mass was studied with immunohistochemistry. TR6 gene copy number in tumor tissues was evaluated by real time PCR. Ninety-seven point nine percent (47 of 48 cases) of healthy individuals and patients with acute infection were serum TR6-negative. In contrast, 56.2% (82 of 146 cases) of the tumor patients were serum TR6-positive. Almost all serum TR6-positive individuals (98.8%, 82 out of 83 cases) had malignancy, excluding the cases of liver cirrhosis. In gastric carcinomas, serum TR6 levels were closely correlated with tumor differentiation status and TNM classification. Tumor mass was the source of serum TR6 because its levels decreased drastically after curative tumor resection. TR6 gene amplification occurred in about half of liver carcinomas, but not in gastric or pancreatic carcinomas, indicating plural mechanisms of TR6 upregulation. Our study demonstrated that serum TR6 should be considered as a novel parameter for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wu
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM)-Notre Dame Hospital, 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
DcR3/TR6, a secreted protein, is a member of TNF receptor family. Its ligands include FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A, all TNF family members. TR6 can interfere with FasL- or LTbetaR-mediated apoptosis; it can also inhibit T-cell costimulation by blocking the two-way signaling between TR2 and LIGHT, and the one-way signaling from TL1A to DR3. In this study, we discovered that TR6 was secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by T-cell mitogens. It inhibited actin polymerization of T cells upon mitogen stimulation, and repress T-cell pseudopodium formation, which is known to be important for cell-cell interaction. As a consequence, T-cell aggregation stimulated by alloantigens, anti-CD3 or PHA was suppressed by either soluble or solid phase TR6-Fc. This result suggests that TR6 might regulate T-cell interaction with other cells such as antigen-presenting cells (APC) or their fellow T cells by preventing them from forming inseparable cell clusters, which are undesirable for the progression of immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wan
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Notre Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shen HW, Wu YL, Peng SY. [Overexpression and genomic amplification of decoy receptor 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma and significance thereof]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2003; 83:744-7. [PMID: 12899749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mRNA expression and genomic amplification of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the significance thereof. METHODS RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of DcR3 mRNA in 48 cases of HCC tissues and the normal tissues adjacent to the tumor resected in operation and proved pathologically. The DcR3 gene amplification in the cancer tissues was examined by quantitative genomic PCR. The correlation between the DcR3 mRNA expression and genomic amplification of HCC was analyzed statistically. The differences in DcR3 expression and amplification in HCC with different clinical and pathological features were compared. RESULTS DcR3 mRNA was detected in 29 out of the 48 HCC cases with a positive rate of 60.4%. No DcR3 mRNA expression was detected in the 48 cases of normal tissues adjacent to tumor. DcR3 mRNA was expressed significantly higher in HCC > 5 mm, at stages and, and with infiltration and metastasis than those <or= 5 cm, at early stages, or without infiltration and metastasis (all P < 0.05). The expression of DcR3 was not related to the existence of membrane of tumor or cancer embolus, and the number of masses (all P > 0.05). The DcR3 gene amplification in 48 cases of HCC ranges from 0.18 to 3.86-fold. Seven of the 48 cases of HCC showed significantly higher DcR3 gene amplification than the normal control tissues. The positive rate of DcR3 mRNA expression was 40% in the 25 HCC patients with the amplification fold < 1.0 (10/25), significantly lower than that in the 23 patients with the amplification fold > 1.0 (82.6%, 19/23), P < 0.01. The average DcR3 gene amplification fold was 1.53 +/- 0.82 in the patients with positive mRNA expression, significantly higher than that in those with negative expression (0.75 +/- 0.33, P < 0.01). The DcR3 gene amplification in HCC showed no relationship with the clinical and pathological feature of the patients (all P > 0.05). Sequencing analysis showed 3 point mutations in the DcR3 gene mRNA of HCC in one case of positive amplification product. CONCLUSION DcR3 mRNA is overexpressed in HCC, but not in the normal tissues adjacent to the tumor. The expression of DcR3 gene is related to the size, clinical stage, infiltration, and metastasis of HCC. DcR3 gene amplification occurs in HCC and is correlated with the mRNA expression. Point mutation of the DcR3 gene exists in HCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Point Mutation
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Shen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wroblewski VJ, McCloud C, Davis K, Manetta J, Micanovic R, Witcher DR. Pharmacokinetics, metabolic stability, and subcutaneous bioavailability of a genetically engineered analog of DcR3, FLINT [DcR3(R218Q)], in cynomolgus monkeys and mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31:502-7. [PMID: 12642478 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.31.4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which binds to and blocks the activities of the ligands, FasL and LIGHT (a cellular ligand for herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin receptor), that play an important role in regulating apoptosis in normal physiology. DcR3 was rapidly degraded to a major circulating metabolic fragment, DcR3(1-218), after subcutaneous administration in primates and mice. DcR3 was molecularly engineered by changing the arginine residue at position 218 to glutamine to generate a potentially stable analog, DcR3(R218Q), which we termed FasLigand inhibitor protein [FLINT (LY498919)]. The influence of this modification on the kinetics and bioavailability of DcR3 was evaluated in primates and mice. After i.v. administration of FLINT and DcR3, both compounds were cleared from the plasma in a bi-phasic manner, with the terminal phase half-life being somewhat longer for FLINT than for DcR3. After s.c. administration, the exposure to the full-length form of FLINT was 5.7- to 6-fold greater than for DcR3. In both primates and mice, greater than 90% of circulating immunoreactivity after s.c. administration of FLINT was associated with intact molecule, whereas only 17 to 37% was associated with intact molecule after administration of DcR3. The absolute s.c. bioavailability of intact FLINT was approximately 4- to 6-fold higher than for DcR3. The improved s.c. bioavailability of FLINT is related to the increased metabolic stability afforded to the molecule as a result of the amino acid mutation at position 218 of the primary sequence of DcR3 and may translate to the need for lower therapeutic doses in a number of disease indications.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Biological Availability
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Drug Administration Routes/veterinary
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Humans
- Macaca fascicularis
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacokinetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacokinetics
- Plasma/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Wroblewski
- Department of Drug Disposition Development/Commercialization, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wroblewski VJ, Witcher DR, Becker GW, Davis KA, Dou S, Micanovic R, Newton CM, Noblitt TW, Richardson JM, Song HY, Hale JE. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is proteolytically processed to a metabolic fragment having differential activities against Fas ligand and LIGHT. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:657-67. [PMID: 12566095 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) and Fas receptor are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and ligand family that play an important role in regulating apoptosis in normal physiology. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a novel member of the TNF receptor superfamily, which binds to and blocks the activities of the ligands FasL and LIGHT. We have demonstrated that DcR3 was degraded rapidly to a major circulating metabolic fragment after subcutaneous administration in primates and mice. This fragment was also generated in subcutaneous tissue homogenate in vitro. Mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing indicated that DcR3 was proteolytically cleaved between R218 and A219 in the primary sequence to yield the fragment DcR3(1-218). While retaining its ability to bind LIGHT and inhibit LIGHT-mediated activities, DcR3(1-218) no longer bound FasL and did not inhibit FasL-mediated apoptosis in vitro. The primary sequence of DcR3 was molecularly engineered, changing the arginine residue at position 218 to glutamine to generate an analog, DcR3(R218Q), which we termed FLINT (LY498919). We demonstrated that FLINT was more stable to proteolytic degradation in vitro and in vivo and maintained its activity against both soluble FasL and soluble LIGHT in vitro. As a result, the modification in the sequence of DcR3 to produce FLINT (LY498919) should result in a pharmacologically superior molecule in the therapeutic intervention of diseases in which the pathogenesis is linked to FasL-mediated apoptotic or inflammatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Wroblewski
- Department of Drug Disposition Development/Commercialization, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Takahama Y, Yamada Y, Emoto K, Fujimoto H, Takayama T, Ueno M, Uchida H, Hirao S, Mizuno T, Nakajima Y. The prognostic significance of overexpression of the decoy receptor for Fas ligand (DcR3) in patients with gastric carcinomas. Gastric Cancer 2003; 5:61-8. [PMID: 12111580 DOI: 10.1007/s101200200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FasL-Fas system has an important role in mediating immune-cytotoxic killing of cells such as virus-infected or tumor cells. It was recently reported that there is a soluble decoy receptor (DcR3), which binds to FasL and inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis, and certain tumors may escape FasL-dependent immune-cytotoxic attack by expressing a decoy receptor that blocks FasL. We evaluated whether DcR3 has clinical relevance in actual human gastric cancers. METHODS : The expression of DcR3 was investigated by Northern blot analysis in a series of 84 primary gastric carcinomas and compared with clinicopathological features and prognosis. The DcR3 expression level was analyzed and quantified densitometrically. The location of DcR3 mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissue was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS The frequency of DcR3 overexpression was 26% (22 of 84 surgical specimens). The DcR3 expression level was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and pathological stage, but did not correlate with tumor size, metastatic status, or histological type. In situ hybridization demonstrated that DcR3 mRNA was expressed in tumor cells. When the patients were followed up for 63 months, DcR3 overexpression was found to be associated with a significantly shortened duration of overall survival compared with findings in patients having normal DcR3 expression. CONCLUSION The DcR3 decoy receptor for FasL may be involved in the progression of gastric cancer. Further evaluation of these possible roles of DcR3 and the regulation of DcR3 expression in malignant cells will be critically important for the development of new strategies for controlling the growth of malignant cells that escape host immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Takahama
- First Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wan X, Zhang J, Luo H, Shi G, Kapnik E, Kim S, Kanakaraj P, Wu J. A TNF family member LIGHT transduces costimulatory signals into human T cells. J Immunol 2002; 169:6813-21. [PMID: 12471113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DcR3/TR6 is a secreted protein belonging to the TNFR family. It binds to Fas ligand, LIGHT, and TL1A, all of which are TNF family members. LIGHT is expressed on activated T cells. Its known receptors are TR2 and LTbetaR on the cell surface, and TR6 in solution. In the present study, we report soluble TR6-Fc or solid-phase TR6-Fc costimulated proliferation, lymphokine production, and cytotoxicity of human T cells in the presence of TCR ligation. These costimulating effects were blocked by soluble LIGHT but not by soluble Fas-Fc. TR6-Fc could also effectively costimulate gld/gld mouse T cells. We further demonstrated that TR6 bound to both Th1 and Th2 cells, according to flow cytometry, and that the association was inhibited by soluble LIGHT. Cross-linking Th1 and Th2 cells with solid-phase TR6-Fc along with a suboptimal concentration of anti-CD3 enhanced proliferation of both Th1 and Th2 cells, and augmented Th1 but not Th2 lymphokine production. These data suggest that TR6 delivers costimulation through its ligand(s) on the T cell surface, and at least the major part of such costimulation is via LIGHT.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Adult
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphokines/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wan
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Center Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
mRNA encoding LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of ligands, as well as mRNAs encoding LIGHT receptors [HVEM, LTbetaR, and TR6 (DcR3)] are present in placentas and cytotrophoblast cells at term. To establish translation of these messages and determine directions for functional studies, term placentas, amniochorion membranes, and purified cytotrophoblast cells were evaluated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Ligand and receptor proteins were identified in lysates from all three sources although the soluble receptor, TR6, was scarce in placentas and all receptors were in low abundance in cytotrophoblast cells. These results were confirmed and cell type-specific expression was documented by immunohistochemistry. Ligand and receptor proteins were differentially expressed according to cell type. For example, HVEM was identified on syncytiotrophoblast but not in villous mesenchymal cells; amnion epithelial cells were positive for all proteins whereas chorion membrane cytotrophoblasts exhibited none. Because LIGHT is a powerful cytokine that can alter gene expression and promote apoptosis, these experiments suggest that ligand-receptor interactions may critically influence structural and functional aspects of human placentas through as yet undefined autocrine/paracrine pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Gill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7400, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mild G, Bachmann F, Boulay JL, Glatz K, Laffer U, Lowy A, Metzger U, Reuter J, Terracciano L, Herrmann R, Rochlitz C. DCR3 locus is a predictive marker for 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2002; 102:254-7. [PMID: 12397645 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the incidence of distant metastasis and increases survival of patients with colorectal cancer. However, predictive markers are needed to define subsets of patients with stage II and III disease that may benefit from adjuvant treatment. A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily, the decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), was reported to be amplified in colorectal cancer as a negative regulator of Fas-mediated apoptosis. We analyzed DcR3 gene copy number and protein expression in a large series of tumors from a randomized multicenter trial of 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C (FU/MMC) adjuvant chemotherapy of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK 40/81), using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry on tumor microarrays. Results of gene status and protein expression of DcR3 were correlated with disease-free and overall survival of patients. We observed amplification of the DcR3 gene in 185/294 (63%) and overexpression of the DcR3 protein in 163/223 (73%) of colorectal tumors. Multivariate analysis showed no prognostic effect of DcR3 gene amplification and protein overexpression. However, adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly more beneficial in patients with normal DcR3 gene copy number than in patients with amplification (DFS: HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.16-6.98, p = 0.02; OS: HR 3.15, 95% CI 1.19-8.32, p = 0.02), whereas DcR3 protein overexpression did not influence the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (DFS: HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.65-1.60, p = 0.95; OS: HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.61-1.49, p = 0.83). We conclude that amplification of the 20q13 locus is a predictive marker for adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Mild
- Department of Research, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
LIGHT is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member and is expressed on activated T cells. Its known receptors are TR2 and LTbetaR on the cell surface, and TR6/DcR3 in solution. TR6/DcR3 is a secreted protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. It binds to Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT, and TL1A, all of which are TNF family members. In the present study, we report that solid-phase TR6-Fc costimulated proliferation, lymphokine production, and cytotoxicity of mouse T cells upon T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation. A monoclonal antibody against LIGHT similarly costimulated mouse T cells in their proliferation response to TCR ligation. These data suggest LIGHT, although a ligand, can receive costimulation when expressed on the T-cell surface. Mechanistically, when T cells were activated by TCR and CD28 co-cross-linking, TCR and rafts rapidly formed caps where they colocalized. LIGHT rapidly congregated and colocalized with the aggregated rafts. This provided a molecular base for the signaling machinery of LIGHT to interact with that of TCR. Indeed, LIGHT cross-linking enhanced p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation after TCR ligation. This study reveals a new function and signaling event of LIGHT.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Receptor Aggregation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Species Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixiu Shi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM)-Notre Dame Hospital, Pavilion DeSeve, 1560 Sherbrooke Street E., Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M21, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hsu TL, Chang YC, Chen SJ, Liu YJ, Chiu AW, Chio CC, Chen L, Hsieh SL. Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation and maturation by decoy receptor 3. J Immunol 2002; 168:4846-53. [PMID: 11994433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor belonging to the TNFR superfamily, is a receptor for both Fas ligand (FasL) and LIGHT. It has been demonstrated that DcR3 is up-regulated in lung and colon cancers, thus promoting tumor growth by neutralizing the cytotoxic effects of FasL and LIGHT. In this study, we found that DcR3.Fc profoundly modulated dendritic cell differentiation and maturation from CD14(+) monocytes, including the up-regulation of CD86/B7.2, and the down-regulation of CD40, CD54/ICAM-1, CD80/B7.1, CD1a, and HLA-DR. Moreover, DcR3-treated dendritic cells suppressed CD4(+) T cell proliferation in an allogeneic MLR and up-regulated IL-4 secretion of CD4(+)CD45RA(+) T cells. This suggests that DcR3.Fc may act not only as a decoy receptor to FasL and LIGHT, but also as an effector molecule to skew T cell response to the Th2 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Migone TS, Zhang J, Luo X, Zhuang L, Chen C, Hu B, Hong JS, Perry JW, Chen SF, Zhou JXH, Cho YH, Ullrich S, Kanakaraj P, Carrell J, Boyd E, Olsen HS, Hu G, Pukac L, Liu D, Ni J, Kim S, Gentz R, Feng P, Moore PA, Ruben SM, Wei P. TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator. Immunity 2002; 16:479-92. [PMID: 11911831 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DR3 is a death domain-containing receptor that is upregulated during T cell activation and whose overexpression induces apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation in cell lines. Here we show that an endothelial cell-derived TNF-like factor, TL1A, is a ligand for DR3 and decoy receptor TR6/DcR3 and that its expression is inducible by TNF and IL-1alpha. TL1A induces NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis in DR3-expressing cell lines, while TR6-Fc protein antagonizes these signaling events. Interestingly, in T cells, TL1A acts as a costimulator that increases IL-2 responsiveness and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that interaction of TL1A with DR3 promotes T cell expansion during an immune response, whereas TR6 has an opposing effect.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ibrahim SM, Ringel J, Schmidt C, Ringel B, Müller P, Koczan D, Thiesen HJ, Löhr M. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines show variable susceptibility to TRAIL-mediated cell death. Pancreas 2001; 23:72-9. [PMID: 11451151 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200107000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Programmed cell death via the Fas receptor/Fas Ligand and DR4, DR5/TRAIL plays a major role in tumor escape and elimination mechanisms. It also promises to be an effective therapy alternative for aggressive tumors, as has been recently shown for colon, breast, and lung cancer cells. We attempted to clarify the role of these molecules in aggressivity of pancreatic carcinomas and to identify possible pathways as targets for therapy. METHODS Five pancreatic cell lines were investigated for the expression of FasL/Fas, DcR3, DR4, DR5/TRAIL, DcR1, DcR2, and other death pathways related molecules such as Bax, bcl-xL, bcl-2, FADD, and caspase-3 by flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and RT/PCR, both semiquantitative and real time (TaqMan). The susceptibility of these cell lines to apoptosis mediated by recombinant TRAIL was investigated. The effect of therapeutic agents (gemcitabine) on their susceptibility to TRAIL induced apoptosis was studied as well. RESULTS Pancreatic adenocarcinomas expressed high levels of apoptosis-inducing receptors and ligands. They showed differential susceptibility to cell death induced by TRAIL, despite expressing intact receptors and signaling machineries. Treatment with commonly used therapeutic agents did not augment their susceptibility to apoptosis. This could be explained by the fact that they expressed differentially high levels of decoy receptors, as well as molecules known as inhibitors of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that pancreatic carcinoma cells have developed different mechanisms to evade the immune system. One is the expression of nonfunctional receptors, decoy receptors, and molecules that block cell death, such as bcl2 and bcl-xL. The second is the expression of apoptosis-inducing ligands, such as TRAIL, that could induce cell death of immune cells. The success in treating malignant tumors by recombinant TRAIL might apply to some but not all pancreatic tumors because of their differential resistance to TRAIL-induced cell death.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Arabidopsis Proteins
- Blotting, Western
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/analysis
- Computer Systems
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Fatty Acid Desaturases/analysis
- Flow Cytometry
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- HeLa Cells/chemistry
- HeLa Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells/chemistry
- Jurkat Cells/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/chemistry
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/chemistry
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
- bcl-X Protein
- fas Receptor/analysis
- Gemcitabine
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Ibrahim
- Department of Immunology, University of Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Connolly K, Cho YH, Duan R, Fikes J, Gregorio T, LaFleur DW, Okoye Z, Salcedo TW, Santiago G, Ullrich S, Wei P, Windle K, Wong E, Yao XT, Zhang YQ, Zheng G, Moore PA. In vivo inhibition of Fas ligand-mediated killing by TR6, a Fas ligand decoy receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298:25-33. [PMID: 11408521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TR6, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, has recently been shown to bind to Fas ligand (FasL) and inhibit FasL-mediated cell killing in vitro. In the current study, we demonstrate that TR6 can block the lethal activity of FasL in multiple in vitro systems, and extend this finding to an in vivo model of hepatitis. The binding of human TR6 to human FasL was verified with BIAcore chip technology. Human primary hepatocytes, HT-29 cells and Jurkat cells were assayed for viability to demonstrate TR6 inhibition of FasL-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Human TR6 was also shown to cross-react with membrane-bound mouse FasL, since the in vitro cytotoxic activity of L929 cells transfected with murine FasL was inhibited in the presence of human TR6. In vivo, FasL-induced acute, lethal, fulminant hepatic apoptosis resulting in death within 2 h of intravenous injection into Fas+ mice, but not Fas- MRL/lpr mice. Pretreatment of mice with TR6 blocked FasL-induced mortality, presumably by attenuating FasL-induced hepatic apoptosis. Thus, in both in vitro and in vivo systems, TR6 acts as a functional FasL decoy receptor and may be clinically useful in the treatment of hepatitis and other diseases associated with FasL-mediated tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Connolly
- Human Genome Sciences Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|