1
|
Messina A, Pulli K, Santini S, Acierno J, Känsäkoski J, Cassatella D, Xu C, Casoni F, Malone SA, Ternier G, Conte D, Sidis Y, Tommiska J, Vaaralahti K, Dwyer A, Gothilf Y, Merlo GR, Santoni F, Niederländer NJ, Giacobini P, Raivio T, Pitteloud N. Neuron-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Mutated in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:58-70. [PMID: 31883645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by infertility and the absence of puberty. Defects in GnRH neuron migration or altered GnRH secretion and/or action lead to a severe gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency. Given the close developmental association of GnRH neurons with the olfactory primary axons, CHH is often associated with anosmia or hyposmia, in which case it is defined as Kallmann syndrome (KS). The genetics of CHH are heterogeneous, and >40 genes are involved either alone or in combination. Several CHH-related genes controlling GnRH ontogeny encode proteins containing fibronectin-3 (FN3) domains, which are important for brain and neural development. Therefore, we hypothesized that defects in other FN3-superfamily genes would underlie CHH. Next-generation sequencing was performed for 240 CHH unrelated probands and filtered for rare, protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in FN3-superfamily genes. Compared to gnomAD controls the CHH cohort was statistically enriched for PTVs in neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF) (p = 1.40 × 10-6). Three heterozygous PTVs (p.Lys62∗, p.Tyr128Thrfs∗55, and p.Trp469∗, all absent from the gnomAD database) and an additional heterozygous missense mutation (p.Thr201Ser) were found in four KS probands. Notably, NDNF is expressed along the GnRH neuron migratory route in both mouse embryos and human fetuses and enhances GnRH neuron migration. Further, knock down of the zebrafish ortholog of NDNF resulted in altered GnRH migration. Finally, mice lacking Ndnf showed delayed GnRH neuron migration and altered olfactory axonal projections to the olfactory bulb; both results are consistent with a role of NDNF in GnRH neuron development. Altogether, our results highlight NDNF as a gene involved in the GnRH neuron migration implicated in KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristiina Pulli
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Santini
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna Känsäkoski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniele Cassatella
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cheng Xu
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Casoni
- Inserm, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Unité 1172 Lille, 59045 Lille, France; Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy, Milan 20132, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuel A Malone
- Inserm, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Unité 1172 Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Gaetan Ternier
- Inserm, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Unité 1172 Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Daniele Conte
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Tommiska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vaaralahti
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Dwyer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neurosciences, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Giorgio R Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Santoni
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Unité 1172 Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jenni K, Kunkemöller S, Brüning D, Lorenz T, Sidis Y, Schneidewind A, Nugroho AA, Rosch A, Khomskii DI, Braden M. Interplay of Electronic and Spin Degrees in Ferromagnetic SrRuO_{3}: Anomalous Softening of the Magnon Gap and Stiffness. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:017202. [PMID: 31386396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.017202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The magnon dispersion of ferromagnetic SrRuO_{3} was studied by inelastic neutron scattering experiments on single crystals as a function of temperature. Even at low temperature the magnon modes exhibit substantial broadening pointing to strong interaction with charge carriers. We find an anomalous temperature dependence of both the magnon gap and the magnon stiffness, which soften upon cooling in the ferromagnetic phase. Both effects trace the temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect and can be attributed to the impact of Weyl points, which results in the same relative renormalization in the spin stiffness and magnon gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Jenni
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - S Kunkemöller
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - D Brüning
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - T Lorenz
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, C.E.A./C.N.R.S., F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - A Schneidewind
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A A Nugroho
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia
| | - A Rosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77a, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - D I Khomskii
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M Braden
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steffens P, Sidis Y, Kulda J, Mao ZQ, Maeno Y, Mazin II, Braden M. Spin Fluctuations in Sr_{2}RuO_{4} from Polarized Neutron Scattering: Implications for Superconductivity. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:047004. [PMID: 30768293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.047004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triplet pairing in Sr_{2}RuO_{4} was initially suggested based on the hypothesis of strong ferromagnetic spin fluctuations. Using polarized inelastic neutron scattering, we accurately determine the full spectrum of spin fluctuations in Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Besides the well-studied incommensurate magnetic fluctuations, we do find a sizable quasiferromagnetic signal, quantitatively consistent with all macroscopic and microscopic probes. We use this result to address the possibility of magnetically driven triplet superconductivity in Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. We conclude that, even though the quasiferromagnetic signal is stronger and sharper than previously anticipated, spin fluctuations alone are not enough to generate a triplet state strengthening the need for additional interactions or an alternative pairing scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Steffens
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, C.E.A./C.N.R.S., F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - J Kulda
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I I Mazin
- Code 6393, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - M Braden
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bouilly J, Messina A, Papadakis G, Cassatella D, Xu C, Acierno JS, Tata B, Sykiotis G, Santini S, Sidis Y, Elowe-Gruau E, Phan-Hug F, Hauschild M, Bouloux PM, Quinton R, Lang-Muritano M, Favre L, Marino L, Giacobini P, Dwyer AA, Niederländer NJ, Pitteloud N. DCC/NTN1 complex mutations in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism impair GnRH neuron development. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:359-372. [PMID: 29202173 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic disease characterized by absent puberty and infertility due to GnRH deficiency, and is often associated with anosmia [Kallmann syndrome (KS)]. The genetic etiology of CHH is heterogeneous, and more than 30 genes have been implicated in approximately 50% of patients with CHH. We hypothesized that genes encoding axon-guidance proteins containing fibronectin type-III (FN3) domains (similar to ANOS1, the first gene associated with KS), are mutated in CHH. We performed whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 133 CHH probands to test this hypothesis, and identified rare sequence variants (RSVs) in genes encoding for the FN3-domain encoding protein deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and its ligand Netrin-1 (NTN1). In vitro studies of these RSVs revealed altered intracellular signaling associated with defects in cell morphology, and confirmed five heterozygous DCC mutations in 6 probands-5 of which presented as KS. Two KS probands carry heterozygous mutations in both DCC and NTN1 consistent with oligogenic inheritance. Further, we show that Netrin-1 promotes migration in immortalized GnRH neurons (GN11 cells). This study implicates DCC and NTN1 mutations in the pathophysiology of CHH consistent with the role of these two genes in the ontogeny of GnRH neurons in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bouilly
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Papadakis
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Cassatella
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheng Xu
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James S Acierno
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brooke Tata
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gerasimos Sykiotis
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eglantine Elowe-Gruau
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Phan-Hug
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hauschild
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marc Bouloux
- Center for Neuroendocrinology, Royal Free Campus, University College Medical School, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Richard Quinton
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE13BZ, UK
| | - Mariarosaria Lang-Muritano
- Department of Endocrinology/Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marino
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Andrew A Dwyer
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu C, Messina A, Somm E, Miraoui H, Kinnunen T, Acierno J, Niederländer NJ, Bouilly J, Dwyer AA, Sidis Y, Cassatella D, Sykiotis GP, Quinton R, De Geyter C, Dirlewanger M, Schwitzgebel V, Cole TR, Toogood AA, Kirk JM, Plummer L, Albrecht U, Crowley WF, Mohammadi M, Tena-Sempere M, Prevot V, Pitteloud N. KLB, encoding β-Klotho, is mutated in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1379-1397. [PMID: 28754744 PMCID: PMC5623842 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic form of isolated gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency caused by mutations in > 30 genes. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is the most frequently mutated gene in CHH and is implicated in GnRH neuron development and maintenance. We note that a CHH FGFR1 mutation (p.L342S) decreases signaling of the metabolic regulator FGF21 by impairing the association of FGFR1 with β‐Klotho (KLB), the obligate co‐receptor for FGF21. We thus hypothesized that the metabolic FGF21/KLB/FGFR1 pathway is involved in CHH. Genetic screening of 334 CHH patients identified seven heterozygous loss‐of‐function KLB mutations in 13 patients (4%). Most patients with KLB mutations (9/13) exhibited metabolic defects. In mice, lack of Klb led to delayed puberty, altered estrous cyclicity, and subfertility due to a hypothalamic defect associated with inability of GnRH neurons to release GnRH in response to FGF21. Peripheral FGF21 administration could indeed reach GnRH neurons through circumventricular organs in the hypothalamus. We conclude that FGF21/KLB/FGFR1 signaling plays an essential role in GnRH biology, potentially linking metabolism with reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hichem Miraoui
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tarja Kinnunen
- Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - James Acierno
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Bouilly
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A Dwyer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of Lausanne Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Cassatella
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Quinton
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Newcastle-on Tyne, UK
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Dirlewanger
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Schwitzgebel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Trevor R Cole
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew A Toogood
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeremy Mw Kirk
- Department of Endocrinology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lacey Plummer
- National Center for Translational Research in Reproduction and Infertility, Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - William F Crowley
- National Center for Translational Research in Reproduction and Infertility, Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC/HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, JPARC, Lille, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kunkemöller S, Steffens P, Link P, Sidis Y, Mao ZQ, Maeno Y, Braden M. Absence of a Large Superconductivity-Induced Gap in Magnetic Fluctuations of Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:147002. [PMID: 28430489 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.147002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on Sr_{2}RuO_{4} determine the spectral weight of the nesting induced magnetic fluctuations across the superconducting transition. There is no observable change at the superconducting transition down to an energy of ∼0.35 meV, which is well below the 2Δ values reported in several tunneling experiments. At this and higher energies magnetic fluctuations clearly persist in the superconducting state. Only at energies below ∼0.3 meV can evidence for partial suppression of spectral weight in the superconducting state be observed. This strongly suggests that the one-dimensional bands with the associated nesting fluctuations do not form the active, highly gapped bands in the superconducting pairing in Sr_{2}RuO_{4}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kunkemöller
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Steffens
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P Link
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, C.E.A./C.N.R.S., F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Braden
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan MK, Tang Y, Dorow CJ, Jeong J, Mangin-Thro L, Veit MJ, Ge Y, Abernathy DL, Sidis Y, Bourges P, Greven M. Hourglass Dispersion and Resonance of Magnetic Excitations in the Superconducting State of the Single-Layer Cuprate HgBa_{2}CuO_{4+δ} Near Optimal Doping. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:277002. [PMID: 28084762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.277002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use neutron scattering to study magnetic excitations near the antiferromagnetic wave vector in the underdoped single-layer cuprate HgBa_{2}CuO_{4+δ} (superconducting transition temperature T_{c}≈88 K, pseudogap temperature T^{*}≈220 K). The response is distinctly enhanced below T^{*} and exhibits a Y-shaped dispersion in the pseudogap state, whereas the superconducting state features an X-shaped (hourglass) dispersion and a further resonancelike enhancement. A large spin gap of about 40 meV is observed in both states. This phenomenology is reminiscent of that exhibited by bilayer cuprates. The resonance spectral weight, irrespective of doping and compound, scales linearly with the putative binding energy of a spin exciton described by an itinerant-spin formalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Chan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Pulsed Field Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y Tang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C J Dorow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Jeong
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - L Mangin-Thro
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M J Veit
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Y Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D L Abernathy
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Bourges
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Greven
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Shen Y, Pan B, Hao Y, Ma M, Zhou F, Steffens P, Schmalzl K, Forrest TR, Abdel-Hafiez M, Chen X, Chareev DA, Vasiliev AN, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Cao H, Zhao J. Erratum: Strong interplay between stripe spin fluctuations, nematicity and superconductivity in FeSe. Nat Mater 2016; 15:244. [PMID: 26796736 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
9
|
Wang Q, Shen Y, Pan B, Hao Y, Ma M, Zhou F, Steffens P, Schmalzl K, Forrest TR, Abdel-Hafiez M, Chen X, Chareev DA, Vasiliev AN, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Cao H, Zhao J. Strong interplay between stripe spin fluctuations, nematicity and superconductivity in FeSe. Nat Mater 2016; 15:159-163. [PMID: 26641018 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In iron-based superconductors the interactions driving the nematic order (that breaks four-fold rotational symmetry in the iron plane) may also mediate the Cooper pairing. The experimental determination of these interactions, which are believed to depend on the orbital or the spin degrees of freedom, is challenging because nematic order occurs at, or slightly above, the ordering temperature of a stripe magnetic phase. Here, we study FeSe (ref. )-which exhibits a nematic (orthorhombic) phase transition at Ts = 90 K without antiferromagnetic ordering-by neutron scattering, finding substantial stripe spin fluctuations coupled with the nematicity that are enhanced abruptly on cooling through Ts. A sharp spin resonance develops in the superconducting state, whose energy (∼4 meV) is consistent with an electron-boson coupling mode revealed by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. The magnetic spectral weight in FeSe is found to be comparable to that of the iron arsenides. Our results support recent theoretical proposals that both nematicity and superconductivity are driven by spin fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiqing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingwei Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - P Steffens
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Schmalzl
- Juelich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Outstation at ILL, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - T R Forrest
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M Abdel-Hafiez
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - D A Chareev
- Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432, Russia
| | - A N Vasiliev
- Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - P Bourges
- Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Huibo Cao
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6393, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mangin-Thro L, Sidis Y, Wildes A, Bourges P. Intra-unit-cell magnetic correlations near optimal doping in YBa2Cu3O6.85. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7705. [PMID: 26138869 PMCID: PMC4506545 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudo-gap phenomenon in copper oxide superconductors is central to any description of these materials as it prefigures the superconducting state itself. A magnetic intra-unit-cell order was found to occur just at the pseudo-gap temperature in four cuprate high-Tc superconducting families. Here we present polarized neutron-scattering measurements of nearly optimally doped YBa2Cu3O6.85, carried out on two different spectrometers, that reveal several features. The intra-unit-cell order consists of finite-sized planar domains that are very weakly correlated along the c axis. At high temperature, only the out-of-plane magnetic components correlate, indicating a strong Ising anisotropy. An aditional in-plane response develops at low temperature, giving rise to an apparent tilt of the magnetic moment. The discovery of these two regimes puts stringent constraints, which are tightly bound to the pseudo-gap physics, on the intrinsic nature of intra-unit-cell order. The pseudo-gap phenomenon is central to the description of high-Tc superconductivity in copper oxides. Here, the authors investigate nearly optimally doped YBCO using polarized neutron scattering to characterize intra-unit-cell magnetic correlations in relation with the pseudo-gap temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mangin-Thro
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, IRAMIS/LLB, UMR12, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, IRAMIS/LLB, UMR12, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - A Wildes
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - P Bourges
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, IRAMIS/LLB, UMR12, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Correa FA, Trarbach EB, Tusset C, Latronico AC, Montenegro LR, Carvalho LR, Franca MM, Otto AP, Costalonga EF, Brito VN, Abreu AP, Nishi MY, Jorge AAL, Arnhold IJP, Sidis Y, Pitteloud N, Mendonca BB. FGFR1 and PROKR2 rare variants found in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies. Endocr Connect 2015; 4:100-7. [PMID: 25759380 PMCID: PMC4401104 DOI: 10.1530/ec-15-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genetic aetiology of congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is not entirely elucidated. FGFR1 and PROKR2 loss-of-function mutations are classically involved in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), however, due to the clinical and genetic overlap of HH and CH; these genes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of CH. Using a candidate gene approach, we screened 156 Brazilian patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) for loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 and PROKR2. We identified three FGFR1 variants (p.Arg448Trp, p.Ser107Leu and p.Pro772Ser) in four unrelated patients (two males) and two PROKR2 variants (p.Arg85Cys and p.Arg248Glu) in two unrelated female patients. Five of the six patients harbouring the variants had a first-degree relative that was an unaffected carrier of it. Results of functional studies indicated that the new FGFR1 variant p.Arg448Trp is a loss-of-function variant, while p.Ser107Leu and p.Pro772Ser present signalling activity similar to the wild-type form. Regarding PROKR2 variants, results from previous functional studies indicated that p.Arg85Cys moderately compromises receptor signalling through both MAPK and Ca(2) (+) pathways while p.Arg248Glu decreases calcium mobilization but has normal MAPK activity. The presence of loss-of-function variants of FGFR1 and PROKR2 in our patients with CPHD is indicative of an adjuvant and/or modifier effect of these rare variants on the phenotype. The presence of the same variants in unaffected relatives implies that they cannot solely cause the phenotype. Other associated genetic and/or environmental modifiers may play a role in the aetiology of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Correa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ericka B Trarbach
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cintia Tusset
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luciana R Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luciani R Carvalho
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcela M Franca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aline P Otto
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Everlayny F Costalonga
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinicius N Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mirian Y Nishi
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivo J P Arnhold
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, BrazilCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)Faculté de Biologie et Médecine de l'Univesité de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miraoui H, Dwyer AA, Sykiotis GP, Plummer L, Chung W, Feng B, Beenken A, Clarke J, Pers TH, Dworzynski P, Keefe K, Niedziela M, Raivio T, Crowley WF, Seminara SB, Quinton R, Hughes VA, Kumanov P, Young J, Yialamas MA, Hall JE, Van Vliet G, Chanoine JP, Rubenstein J, Mohammadi M, Tsai PS, Sidis Y, Lage K, Pitteloud N. Mutations in FGF17, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY4, and FLRT3 are identified in individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:725-43. [PMID: 23643382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and its anosmia-associated form (Kallmann syndrome [KS]) are genetically heterogeneous. Among the >15 genes implicated in these conditions, mutations in FGF8 and FGFR1 account for ~12% of cases; notably, KAL1 and HS6ST1 are also involved in FGFR1 signaling and can be mutated in CHH. We therefore hypothesized that mutations in genes encoding a broader range of modulators of the FGFR1 pathway might contribute to the genetics of CHH as causal or modifier mutations. Thus, we aimed to (1) investigate whether CHH individuals harbor mutations in members of the so-called "FGF8 synexpression" group and (2) validate the ability of a bioinformatics algorithm on the basis of protein-protein interactome data (interactome-based affiliation scoring [IBAS]) to identify high-quality candidate genes. On the basis of sequence homology, expression, and structural and functional data, seven genes were selected and sequenced in 386 unrelated CHH individuals and 155 controls. Except for FGF18 and SPRY2, all other genes were found to be mutated in CHH individuals: FGF17 (n = 3 individuals), IL17RD (n = 8), DUSP6 (n = 5), SPRY4 (n = 14), and FLRT3 (n = 3). Independently, IBAS predicted FGF17 and IL17RD as the two top candidates in the entire proteome on the basis of a statistical test of their protein-protein interaction patterns to proteins known to be altered in CHH. Most of the FGF17 and IL17RD mutations altered protein function in vitro. IL17RD mutations were found only in KS individuals and were strongly linked to hearing loss (6/8 individuals). Mutations in genes encoding components of the FGF pathway are associated with complex modes of CHH inheritance and act primarily as contributors to an oligogenic genetic architecture underlying CHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Miraoui
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne in collaboration with Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 7, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ulbrich H, Steffens P, Lamago D, Sidis Y, Braden M. Hourglass dispersion in overdoped single-layered manganites. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:247209. [PMID: 23004321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.247209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The incommensurate stripelike magnetic ordering in two single-layered manganites, Nd0.33Sr1.67MnO4 and Pr0.33Ca1.67MnO4, is found to exhibit an hourglasslike excitation spectrum very similar to that seen in various cuprates superconductors, but only for sufficiently short correlation lengths. Several characteristic features of an hourglass dispersion can be identified: enhancement of intensity at the merging of the incommensurate branches, rotation of the intensity maxima with higher energy transfer, and suppression of the outward-dispersing branches at low energy. The correlation length of the magnetic ordering and the large ratio of intra- to interstripe couplings are identified as the decisive parameters causing the hourglass shape of the spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ulbrich
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raivio T, Avbelj M, McCabe MJ, Romero CJ, Dwyer AA, Tommiska J, Sykiotis GP, Gregory LC, Diaczok D, Tziaferi V, Elting MW, Padidela R, Plummer L, Martin C, Feng B, Zhang C, Zhou QY, Chen H, Mohammadi M, Quinton R, Sidis Y, Radovick S, Dattani MT, Pitteloud N. Genetic overlap in Kallmann syndrome, combined pituitary hormone deficiency, and septo-optic dysplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E694-9. [PMID: 22319038 PMCID: PMC3319178 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kallmann syndrome (KS), combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) all result from development defects of the anterior midline in the human forebrain. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate whether KS, CPHD, and SOD have shared genetic origins. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 103 patients with either CPHD (n = 35) or SOD (n = 68) were investigated for mutations in genes implicated in the etiology of KS (FGFR1, FGF8, PROKR2, PROK2, and KAL1). Consequences of identified FGFR1, FGF8, and PROKR2 mutations were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Three patients with SOD had heterozygous mutations in FGFR1; these were either shown to alter receptor signaling (p.S450F, p.P483S) or predicted to affect splicing (c.336C>T, p.T112T). One patient had a synonymous change in FGF8 (c.216G>A, p.T72T) that was shown to affect splicing and ligand signaling activity. Four patients with CPHD/SOD were found to harbor heterozygous rare loss-of-function variants in PROKR2 (p.R85G, p.R85H, p.R268C). CONCLUSIONS Mutations in FGFR1/FGF8/PROKR2 contributed to 7.8% of our patients with CPHD/SOD. These data suggest a significant genetic overlap between conditions affecting the development of anterior midline in the human forebrain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taneli Raivio
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qureshi N, Steffens P, Drees Y, Komarek AC, Lamago D, Sidis Y, Harnagea L, Grafe HJ, Wurmehl S, Büchner B, Braden M. Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements of incommensurate magnetic excitations on superconducting LiFeAs single crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:117001. [PMID: 22540499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic correlations in superconducting LiFeAs were studied by elastic and by inelastic neutron-scattering experiments. There is no indication for static magnetic ordering, but inelastic correlations appear at the incommensurate wave vector (0.5±δ,0.5-/+δ,0) with δ~0.07 slightly shifted from the commensurate ordering observed in other FeAs-based compounds. The incommensurate magnetic excitations respond to the opening of the superconducting gap by a transfer of spectral weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Qureshi
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cash JN, Angerman EB, Kattamuri C, Nolan K, Zhao H, Sidis Y, Keutmann HT, Thompson TB. Structure of myostatin·follistatin-like 3: N-terminal domains of follistatin-type molecules exhibit alternate modes of binding. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:1043-53. [PMID: 22052913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.270801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β family ligands are involved in a variety of critical physiological processes. For instance, the TGF-β ligand myostatin is a staunch negative regulator of muscle growth and a therapeutic target for muscle-wasting disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β family regulation. One form of regulation is through inhibition by extracellular antagonists such as the follistatin (Fst)-type proteins. Myostatin is tightly controlled by Fst-like 3 (Fstl3), which is the only Fst-type molecule that has been identified in the serum bound to myostatin. Here, we present the crystal structure of myostatin in complex with Fstl3. The structure reveals that the N-terminal domain (ND) of Fstl3 interacts uniquely with myostatin as compared with activin A, because it utilizes different surfaces on the ligand. This results in conformational differences in the ND of Fstl3 that alter its position in the type I receptor-binding site of the ligand. We also show that single point mutations in the ND of Fstl3 are detrimental to ligand binding, whereas corresponding mutations in Fst have little effect. Overall, we have shown that the NDs of Fst-type molecules exhibit distinctive modes of ligand binding, which may affect overall affinity of ligand·Fst-type protein complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Cash
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Balasubramanian R, Plummer L, Sidis Y, Pitteloud N, Cecilia M, Zhou QY, Crowley WF. The puzzles of the prokineticin 2 pathway in human reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 346:44-50. [PMID: 21664414 PMCID: PMC3216477 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prokineticin, 1 (PROK1) and prokineticin 2 (PROK2), are two closely related proteins that were identified as the mammalian homologs of their two amphibian homologs, mamba intestinal toxin (MIT-1) and Bv8. MIT-1 was initially identified as a non-toxic constituent in the venom of the black mamba snake (Dendroaspis polylepis) (Joubert and Strydom, 1980) while Bv8 was identified in the skin secretion of the toad, Bombina variegate (Mollay et al., 1999). All three homologs stimulate gastrointestinal motility thus accounting for their family name "prokineticins" (Schweitz et al., 1990, 1999). However, since its initial description, both PROK1 and PROK2 have been found to regulate a dazzling array of biological functions throughout the body. In particular, PROK1 acts as a potent angiogenic mitogen on endocrine vascular epithelium, thus earning its other name, Endocrine gland-vascular endothelial factor (EG-VEGF) (LeCouter et al., 2002). In contrast, the PROK2 signaling pathway is a critical regulator of olfactory bulb morphogenesis and sexual maturation in mammals and this function is the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- The Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of Excellence, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Lacey Plummer
- The Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of Excellence, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- The Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of Excellence, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- The Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of Excellence, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Martin Cecilia
- The Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of Excellence, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Qun-Yong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine
| | - William F. Crowley
- The Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center of Excellence, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brown ML, Bonomi L, Ungerleider N, Zina J, Kimura F, Mukherjee A, Sidis Y, Schneyer A. Follistatin and follistatin like-3 differentially regulate adiposity and glucose homeostasis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1940-9. [PMID: 21546932 PMCID: PMC3179827 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β superfamily ligands, including activin and myostatin, modulate body composition, islet function, and glucose homeostasis. Their bioactivity is controlled by the antagonists follistatin (FST) and FST like-3 (FSTL3). The hypothesis tested was that FST and FSTL3 have distinct roles in regulating body composition, glucose homeostasis, and islet function through regulation of activin and myostatin bioactivity. Three genetic mutant mouse lines were created. FSTL3 knockout (FSTL3 KO), a mouse line producing only the FST288 isoform (FST288-only) and a double mutant (2xM) in which the lines were crossed. FST288-only males were lighter that wild-type (WT) littermates while FSTL3 KO and 2xM males had reduced perigonadal fat pad weights. However, only 2xM mice had increased whole body fat mass and decreased lean mass by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR). Fasting glucose levels in FSTL3 WT and KO mice were lower than FST mice in younger animals but were higher in older mice. Serum insulin and pancreatic insulin content in 2xM mice was significantly elevated over other genotypes. Nevertheless, 2xM mice were relatively insulin resistant and glucose intolerant compared to FST288-only and WT mice. Fractional islet area and proportion of β-cells/islet were increased in FSTL3 KO and 2xM, but not FST288-only mice. Despite their larger size, islets from FSTL3 KO and 2xM mice were not functionally enhanced compared to WT mice. These results demonstrate that body composition and glucose homeostasis are differentially regulated by FST and FSTL3 and that their combined loss is associated with increased fat mass and insulin resistance despite elevated insulin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Brown
- Pioneer Valley Life Science Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ulbrich H, Senff D, Steffens P, Schumann OJ, Sidis Y, Reutler P, Revcolevschi A, Braden M. Evidence for charge orbital and spin stripe order in an overdoped manganite. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:157201. [PMID: 21568606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.157201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Overdoped La0.42Sr1.58MnO4 exhibits a complex ordering of charges, orbitals, and spins. Neutron diffraction experiments reveal three incommensurate and one commensurate order parameters to be tightly coupled. The position and the shape of the distinct superstructure scattering as well as higher-order signals are inconsistent with a harmonic charge and spin-density-wave picture but point to a stripe arrangement in which ferromagnetic zigzag chains are disrupted by excess Mn(4+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ulbrich
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martin C, Balasubramanian R, Dwyer AA, Au MG, Sidis Y, Kaiser UB, Seminara SB, Pitteloud N, Zhou QY, Crowley WF. The role of the prokineticin 2 pathway in human reproduction: evidence from the study of human and murine gene mutations. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:225-46. [PMID: 21037178 PMCID: PMC3365793 DOI: 10.1210/er.2010-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A widely dispersed network of hypothalamic GnRH neurons controls the reproductive axis in mammals. Genetic investigation of the human disease model of isolated GnRH deficiency has revealed several key genes crucial for GnRH neuronal ontogeny and GnRH secretion. Among these genes, prokineticin 2 (PROK2), and PROK2 receptor (PROKR2) have recently emerged as critical regulators of reproduction in both mice and humans. Both prok2- and prokr2-deficient mice recapitulate the human Kallmann syndrome phenotype. Additionally, PROK2 and PROKR2 mutations are seen in humans with Kallmann syndrome, thus implicating this pathway in GnRH neuronal migration. However, PROK2/PROKR2 mutations are also seen in normosmic GnRH deficiency, suggesting a role for the prokineticin signaling system in GnRH biology that is beyond neuronal migration. This observation is particularly surprising because mature GnRH neurons do not express PROKR2. Moreover, mutations in both PROK2 and PROKR2 are predominantly detected in the heterozygous state with incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity frequently seen within and across pedigrees. In some of these pedigrees, a "second hit" or oligogenicity has been documented. Besides reproduction, a pleiotropic physiological role for PROK2 is now recognized, including regulation of pain perception, circadian rhythms, hematopoiesis, and immune response. Therefore, further detailed clinical studies of patients with PROK2/PROKR2 mutations will help to map the broader biological role of the PROK2/PROKR2 pathway and identify other interacting genes/proteins that mediate its molecular effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Martin
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences, Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Caronia LM, Martin C, Welt CK, Sykiotis GP, Quinton R, Thambundit A, Avbelj M, Dhruvakumar S, Plummer L, Hughes VA, Seminara SB, Boepple PA, Sidis Y, Crowley WF, Martin KA, Hall JE, Pitteloud N. A genetic basis for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:215-25. [PMID: 21247312 PMCID: PMC3045842 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0911064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a reversible form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency commonly triggered by stressors such as excessive exercise, nutritional deficits, or psychological distress. Women vary in their susceptibility to inhibition of the reproductive axis by such stressors, but it is unknown whether this variability reflects a genetic predisposition to hypothalamic amenorrhea. We hypothesized that mutations in genes involved in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a congenital form of GnRH deficiency, are associated with hypothalamic amenorrhea. METHODS We analyzed the coding sequence of genes associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in 55 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and performed in vitro studies of the identified mutations. RESULTS Six heterozygous mutations were identified in 7 of the 55 patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea: two variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene FGFR1 (G260E and R756H), two in the prokineticin receptor 2 gene PROKR2 (R85H and L173R), one in the GnRH receptor gene GNRHR (R262Q), and one in the Kallmann syndrome 1 sequence gene KAL1 (V371I). No mutations were found in a cohort of 422 controls with normal menstrual cycles. In vitro studies showed that FGFR1 G260E, FGFR1 R756H, and PROKR2 R85H are loss-of-function mutations, as has been previously shown for PROKR2 L173R and GNRHR R262Q. CONCLUSIONS Rare variants in genes associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are found in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, suggesting that these mutations may contribute to the variable susceptibility of women to the functional changes in GnRH secretion that characterize hypothalamic amenorrhea. Our observations provide evidence for the role of rare variants in common multifactorial disease. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00494169.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Caronia
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Balédent V, Yu G, Barišić N, Hradil K, Mole RA, Sidis Y, Steffens P, Zhao X, Bourges P, Greven M. Hidden magnetic excitation in the pseudogap phase of a high-Tc superconductor. Nature 2010; 468:283-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
23
|
Suchaneck A, Hinkov V, Haug D, Schulz L, Bernhard C, Ivanov A, Hradil K, Lin CT, Bourges P, Keimer B, Sidis Y. Incommensurate magnetic order and dynamics induced by spinless impurities in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.6). Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:037207. [PMID: 20867803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.037207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an inelastic-neutron-scattering and muon-spin-relaxation study of the effect of 2% spinless (Zn) impurities on the magnetic order and dynamics of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.6), an underdoped high-temperature superconductor that exhibits a prominent spin pseudogap in its normal state. Zn substitution induces static magnetic order at low temperatures and triggers a large-scale spectral-weight redistribution from the magnetic resonant mode at 38 meV into uniaxial, incommensurate spin excitations with energies well below the spin pseudogap. These observations indicate a competition between incommensurate magnetic order and superconductivity close to a quantum critical point. Comparison to prior data on La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4) suggests that this behavior is universal for the layered copper oxides and analogous to impurity-induced magnetic order in one-dimensional quantum magnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Suchaneck
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Balédent V, Fauqué B, Sidis Y, Christensen NB, Pailhès S, Conder K, Pomjakushina E, Mesot J, Bourges P. Two-dimensional orbital-like magnetic order in the high-temperature La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 superconductor. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:027004. [PMID: 20867731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.027004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In high-temperature copper oxide superconductors, a novel magnetic order associated with the pseudogap phase has been identified in two different cuprate families over a wide region of temperature and doping. We report here the observation below 120 K of a similar magnetic ordering in the archetypal cuprate La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (LSCO) system for x=0.085. In contrast with the previous reports, the magnetic ordering in LSCO is only short range with an in-plane correlation length of ∼10 A and is bidimensional (2D). Such a less pronounced order suggests an interaction with other electronic instabilities. In particular, LSCO also exhibits a strong tendency towards stripes ordering at the expense of the superconducting state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Balédent
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a natural antagonist of activin and related TGFbeta superfamily ligands that exists as three protein isoforms differing in length at the C terminus. The longest FST315 isoform is found in the circulation, whereas the shortest FST288 isoform is typically found in or on cells and tissues, and the intermediate FST303 isoform is found in gonads. We recently demonstrated that the FST isoforms have distinct biological actions in vitro that, taken together with the differential distribution, suggests they may also have different roles in vivo. To explore the specific role of individual FST isoforms, we created a single-isoform FST288-only mouse. In contrast to the neonatal death of FST global knockout mice, FST288-only mice survive to adulthood. Although they appear normal, FST288-only mice have fertility defects including reduced litter size and frequency. Follicles were counted in ovaries from 8.5- to 400-d-old females. Significantly fewer morphologically healthy antral follicles were found in 100- to 250-d FST288-only ovaries, but there were significantly more secondary, primary, and primordial follicles detected at d 8.5 in FST288-only ovaries. However, depletion of this primordial follicle pool is more rapid in FST288-only females resulting in a deficit by 250 d of age and early cessation of reproduction. Superovulated FST288-only females have fewer ovulated eggs and embryos. These results indicate that the FST isoforms have different activities in vivo, that the FST288-only isoform is sufficient for development, and that loss of FST303 and FST315 isoforms results in fertility defects that resemble activin hyperactivity and premature ovarian failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Kimura
- Pioneer Valley Life Science Institute, 3601 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Raivio T, Sidis Y, Plummer L, Chen H, Ma J, Mukherjee A, Jacobson-Dickman E, Quinton R, Van Vliet G, Lavoie H, Hughes VA, Dwyer A, Hayes FJ, Xu S, Sparks S, Kaiser UB, Mohammadi M, Pitteloud N. Frequency of Impaired Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Signaling as a Cause of Normosmic Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Mol Endocrinol 2009. [DOI: 10.1210/mend.23.12.9994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Context
FGFR1 mutations have been identified in about 10% of patients with Kallmann syndrome. Recently cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) with a normal sense of smell (nIHH) have been reported.
Aims
The objective of the study was to define the frequency of FGFR1 mutations in a large cohort of nIHH, delineate the spectrum of reproductive phenotypes, assess functionality of the FGFR1 mutant alleles in vitro, and investigate genotype-phenotype relationships.
Design
FGFR1 sequencing of 134 well-characterized nIHH patients (112 men and 22 women) and 270 healthy controls was performed. The impact of the identified mutations on FGFR1 function was assessed using structural prediction and in vitro studies.
Results
Nine nIHH subjects (five males and four females; 7%) harbor a heterozygous mutation in FGFR1 and exhibit a wide spectrum of pubertal development, ranging from absent puberty to reversal of IHH in both sexes. All mutations impair receptor function. The Y99C, Y228D, and I239T mutants impair the tertiary folding, resulting in incomplete glycosylation and reduced cell surface expression. The R250Q mutant reduces receptor affinity for FGF. The K618N, A671P, and Q680X mutants impair tyrosine kinase activity. However, the degree of functional impairment of the mutant receptors did not always correlate with the reproductive phenotype, and variable expressivity of the disease was noted within family members carrying the same FGFR1 mutation. These discrepancies were partially explained by additional mutations in known IHH loci.
Conclusions
Loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 underlie 7% of nIHH with different degrees of impairment in vitro. These mutations act in concert with other gene defects in several cases, consistent with oligogenicity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Raivio T, Sidis Y, Plummer L, Chen H, Ma J, Mukherjee A, Jacobson-Dickman E, Quinton R, Van Vliet G, Lavoie H, Hughes VA, Dwyer A, Hayes FJ, Xu S, Sparks S, Kaiser UB, Mohammadi M, Pitteloud N. Frequency of Impaired Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Signaling as a Cause of Normosmic Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:934. [PMID: 28199515 DOI: 10.1210/edrv.30.7.9981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Raivio T, Sidis Y, Plummer L, Chen H, Ma J, Mukherjee A, Jacobson-Dickman E, Quinton R, Van Vliet G, Lavoie H, Hughes VA, Dwyer A, Hayes FJ, Xu S, Sparks S, Kaiser UB, Mohammadi M, Pitteloud N. Impaired fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling as a cause of normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4380-90. [PMID: 19820032 PMCID: PMC2775659 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT FGFR1 mutations have been identified in about 10% of patients with Kallmann syndrome. Recently cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) with a normal sense of smell (nIHH) have been reported. AIMS The objective of the study was to define the frequency of FGFR1 mutations in a large cohort of nIHH, delineate the spectrum of reproductive phenotypes, assess functionality of the FGFR1 mutant alleles in vitro, and investigate genotype-phenotype relationships. DESIGN FGFR1 sequencing of 134 well-characterized nIHH patients (112 men and 22 women) and 270 healthy controls was performed. The impact of the identified mutations on FGFR1 function was assessed using structural prediction and in vitro studies. RESULTS Nine nIHH subjects (five males and four females; 7%) harbor a heterozygous mutation in FGFR1 and exhibit a wide spectrum of pubertal development, ranging from absent puberty to reversal of IHH in both sexes. All mutations impair receptor function. The Y99C, Y228D, and I239T mutants impair the tertiary folding, resulting in incomplete glycosylation and reduced cell surface expression. The R250Q mutant reduces receptor affinity for FGF. The K618N, A671P, and Q680X mutants impair tyrosine kinase activity. However, the degree of functional impairment of the mutant receptors did not always correlate with the reproductive phenotype, and variable expressivity of the disease was noted within family members carrying the same FGFR1 mutation. These discrepancies were partially explained by additional mutations in known IHH loci. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 underlie 7% of nIHH with different degrees of impairment in vitro. These mutations act in concert with other gene defects in several cases, consistent with oligogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taneli Raivio
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, The Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haug D, Hinkov V, Suchaneck A, Inosov DS, Christensen NB, Niedermayer C, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Park JT, Ivanov A, Lin CT, Mesot J, Keimer B. Magnetic-field-enhanced incommensurate magnetic order in the underdoped high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.45. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:017001. [PMID: 19659170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.017001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a neutron-scattering study of the static and dynamic spin correlations in the underdoped high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.45 in magnetic fields up to 15 T. The field strongly enhances static incommensurate magnetic order at low temperatures and induces a spectral-weight shift in the magnetic-excitation spectrum. A reconstruction of the Fermi surface driven by the field-enhanced magnetic superstructure may thus be responsible for the unusual Fermi surface topology revealed by recent quantum-oscillation experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Haug
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cwik M, Benomar M, Finger T, Sidis Y, Senff D, Reuther M, Lorenz T, Braden M. Magnetic correlations in La2-xSrxCoO4 studied by neutron scattering: possible evidence for stripe phases. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:057201. [PMID: 19257541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.057201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spin correlations in La2-xSrxCoO4 (0.3 < or = x < or = 0.6) have been studied by neutron scattering. The commensurate antiferromagnetic order of La2CoO4 persists in a very short range up to a Sr content of x = 0.3, whereas small amounts of Sr suppress commensurate antiferromagnetism in cuprates and in nickelates. La2-xSrxCoO4 with x > 0.3 exhibits incommensurate spin ordering with the modulation closely following the amount of doping. These incommensurate phases strongly resemble the stripe phases observed in cuprates and nickelates, but incommensurate magnetic ordering appears only at larger Sr content in the cobaltates due to a reduced charge mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cwik
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stamler R, Keutmann HT, Sidis Y, Kattamuri C, Schneyer A, Thompson TB. The structure of FSTL3.activin A complex. Differential binding of N-terminal domains influences follistatin-type antagonist specificity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32831-8. [PMID: 18768470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801266200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta family ligands are neutralized by a number of structurally divergent antagonists. Follistatin-type antagonists, which include splice variants of follistatin (FS288 and FS315) and follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3), have high affinity for activin A but differ in their affinity for other ligands, particularly bone morphogenetic proteins. To understand the structural basis for ligand specificity within FS-type antagonists, we determined the x-ray structure of activin A in complex with FSTL3 to a resolution of 2.5 A. Similar to the previously resolved FS.activin A structures, the ligand is encircled by two antagonist molecules blocking all ligand receptor-binding sites. Recently, the significance of the FS N-terminal domain interaction at the ligand type I receptor site has been questioned; however, our data show that for FSTL3, the N-terminal domain forms a more intimate contact with activin A, implying that this interaction is stronger than that for FS. Furthermore, binding studies revealed that replacing the FSTL3 N-terminal domain with the corresponding FS domain considerably lowers activin A affinity. Therefore, both structural and biochemical evidence support a significant interaction of the N-terminal domain of FSTL3 with activin A. In addition, structural comparisons with bone morphogenetic proteins suggest that the interface where the N-terminal domain binds may be the key site for determining FS-type antagonist specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stamler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cole LW, Sidis Y, Zhang C, Quinton R, Plummer L, Pignatelli D, Hughes VA, Dwyer AA, Raivio T, Hayes FJ, Seminara SB, Huot C, Alos N, Speiser P, Takeshita A, Van Vliet G, Pearce S, Crowley WF, Zhou QY, Pitteloud N. Mutations in prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 genes in human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency: molecular genetics and clinical spectrum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:3551-9. [PMID: 18559922 PMCID: PMC2567850 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mice deficient in prokineticin 2(PROK2) and prokineticin receptor2 (PROKR2) exhibit variable olfactory bulb dysgenesis and GnRH neuronal migration defects reminiscent of human GnRH deficiency. OBJECTIVES We aimed to screen a large cohort of patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS) and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) for mutations in PROK2/PROKR2, evaluate their prevalence, define the genotype/phenotype relationship, and assess the functionality of these mutant alleles in vitro. DESIGN Sequencing of the PROK2 and PROKR2 genes was performed in 170 KS patients and 154 nIHH. Mutations were examined using early growth response 1-luciferase assays in HEK 293 cells and aequorin assays in Chinese hamster ovary cells. RESULTS Four heterozygous and one homozygous PROK2 mutation (p.A24P, p.C34Y, p.I50M, p.R73C, and p.I55fsX1) were identified in five probands. Four probands had KS and one nIHH, and all had absent puberty. Each mutant peptide impaired receptor signaling in vitro except the I50M. There were 11 patients who carried a heterozygous PROKR2 mutation (p.R85C, p.Y113H, p.V115M, p.R164Q, p.L173R, p.W178S, p.S188L, p.R248Q, p.V331M, and p.R357W). Among them, six had KS, four nIHH, and one KS proband carried both a PROKR2 (p.V115M) and PROK2 (p.A24P) mutation. Reproductive phenotypes ranged from absent to partial puberty to complete reversal of GnRH deficiency after discontinuation of therapy. All mutant alleles appear to decrease intracellular calcium mobilization; seven exhibited decreased MAPK signaling, and six displayed decreased receptor expression. Nonreproductive phenotypes included fibrous dysplasia, sleep disorder, synkinesia, and epilepsy. Finally, considerable variability was evident in family members with the same mutation, including asymptomatic carriers. CONCLUSION Loss-of-function mutations in PROK2 and PROKR2 underlie both KS and nIHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay W Cole
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schneyer AL, Sidis Y, Gulati A, Sun JL, Keutmann H, Krasney PA. Differential antagonism of activin, myostatin and growth and differentiation factor 11 by wild-type and mutant follistatin. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4589-95. [PMID: 18535106 PMCID: PMC2553374 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin binds and neutralizes members of the TGFbeta superfamily including activin, myostatin, and growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). Crystal structure analysis of the follistatin-activin complex revealed extensive contacts between follistatin domain (FSD)-2 and activin that was critical for the high-affinity interaction. However, it remained unknown whether follistatin residues involved with myostatin and GDF11 binding were distinct from those involved with activin binding. If so, this would allow development of myostatin antagonists that would not inhibit activin actions, a desirable feature for development of myostatin antagonists for treatment of muscle-wasting disorders. We tested this hypothesis with our panel of point and domain swapping follistatin mutants using competitive binding analyses and in vitro bioassays. Our results demonstrate that activin binding and neutralization are mediated primarily by FSD2, whereas myostatin binding is more dependent on FSD1, such that deletion of FSD2 or adding an extra FSD1 in place of FSD2 creates myostatin antagonists with vastly reduced activin antagonism. However, these mutants also bind GDF11, indicating that further analysis is required for creation of myostatin antagonists that will not affect GDF11 activity that could potentially elicit GDF11-induced side effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Schneyer
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Falardeau J, Chung WC, Beenken A, Raivio T, Plummer L, Sidis Y, Jacobson-Dickman EE, Eliseenkova AV, Ma J, Dwyer A, Quinton R, Na S, Hall JE, Huot C, Alois N, Pearce SH, Cole LW, Hughes V, Mohammadi M, Tsai P, Pitteloud N. Decreased FGF8 signaling causes deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans and mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:2822-31. [PMID: 18596921 PMCID: PMC2441855 DOI: 10.1172/jci34538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome; KS) or with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IHH; nIHH) are heterogeneous genetic disorders associated with deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). While loss-of-function mutations in FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) cause human GnRH deficiency, to date no specific ligand for FGFR1 has been identified in GnRH neuron ontogeny. Using a candidate gene approach, we identified 6 missense mutations in FGF8 in IHH probands with variable olfactory phenotypes. These patients exhibited varied degrees of GnRH deficiency, including the rare adult-onset form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Four mutations affected all 4 FGF8 splice isoforms (FGF8a, FGF8b, FGF8e, and FGF8f), while 2 mutations affected FGF8e and FGF8f isoforms only. The mutant FGF8b and FGF8f ligands exhibited decreased biological activity in vitro. Furthermore, mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Fgf8 allele lacked GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus, while heterozygous mice showed substantial decreases in the number of GnRH neurons and hypothalamic GnRH peptide concentration. In conclusion, we identified FGF8 as a gene implicated in GnRH deficiency in both humans and mice and demonstrated an exquisite sensitivity of GnRH neuron development to reductions in FGF8 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Falardeau
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilson C.J. Chung
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Beenken
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lacey Plummer
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elka E. Jacobson-Dickman
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna V. Eliseenkova
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Dwyer
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Quinton
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Na
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janet E. Hall
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Celine Huot
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Alois
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon H.S. Pearce
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lindsay W. Cole
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginia Hughes
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pei Tsai
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Endocrine Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Institute for Human Genetics and School of Clinical Medical Sciences, and
Newcastle Teaching Hospitals, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hinkov V, Haug D, Fauqué B, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Ivanov A, Bernhard C, Lin CT, Keimer B. Electronic liquid crystal state in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.45. Science 2008; 319:597-600. [PMID: 18187621 DOI: 10.1126/science.1152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Electronic phases with symmetry properties matching those of conventional liquid crystals have recently been discovered in transport experiments on semiconductor heterostructures and metal oxides at millikelvin temperatures. We report the spontaneous onset of a one-dimensional, incommensurate modulation of the spin system in the high-transition-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.45 upon cooling below approximately 150 kelvin, whereas static magnetic order is absent above 2 kelvin. The evolution of this modulation with temperature and doping parallels that of the in-plane anisotropy of the resistivity, indicating an electronic nematic phase that is stable over a wide temperature range. The results suggest that soft spin fluctuations are a microscopic route toward electronic liquid crystals and that nematic order can coexist with high-temperature superconductivity in underdoped cuprates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Hinkov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenberg-strasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Steffens P, Sidis Y, Link P, Schmalzl K, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Braden M. Field-induced paramagnons at the metamagnetic transition of Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:217402. [PMID: 18233253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic excitations in Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4 were studied across the metamagnetic transition and as a function of temperature using inelastic neutron scattering. At low temperature and low magnetic field the magnetic response is dominated by a complex superposition of incommensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Upon increasing the magnetic field across the metamagnetic transition, paramagnon and finally well-defined magnon scattering is induced, partially suppressing the incommensurate signals. The high-field phase in Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4, therefore, has to be considered as an intrinsically ferromagnetic state stabilized by the magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Steffens
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Renlund N, O'Neill FH, Zhang L, Sidis Y, Teixeira J. Activin receptor-like kinase-2 inhibits activin signaling by blocking the binding of activin to its type II receptor. J Endocrinol 2007; 195:95-103. [PMID: 17911401 DOI: 10.1677/joe-07-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase-2 (Alk2) has been shown to be a promiscuous type I receptor for the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family of growth and differentiation factors, such as activin, bone morphogenetic proteins, and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS). We have studied the putative role of Alk2 in activin signaling using MA-10 cells, a mouse transformed Leydig cell line, in which endogenous expression of cytochrome P450 c17 hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase mRNA is inhibited by both MIS and activin A. Overexpression of Alk2 in MA-10 cells inhibited the activation of the activin-responsive CAGA-luciferase reporter and, conversely, transfection of siRNA for Alk2 increased the response. In contrast, overexpression of the MIS type II receptor in MA-10 cells increased the activin-mediated induction of CAGA-luciferase approximately fivefold, which we hypothesized occurs by MIS type II receptor sequestering endogenous Alk2. Binding experiments with (125)I-labeled activin show that the underlying mechanism of Alk2-mediated inhibition of activin signaling involves Alk2 blocking the access of activin to its type II receptor, which we show can bind Alk2 in the absence of ligand. These results show that the complement of other type I receptors in addition to the ligand-specific type I receptor can provide an important mechanism for modulating cell-specific responses to members of the TGFbeta family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Renlund
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thier 913, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Babitt JL, Huang FW, Xia Y, Sidis Y, Andrews NC, Lin HY. Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in vivo regulates systemic iron balance. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1933-9. [PMID: 17607365 PMCID: PMC1904317 DOI: 10.1172/jci31342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic iron balance is regulated by hepcidin, a peptide hormone secreted by the liver. By decreasing cell surface expression of the iron exporter ferroportin, hepcidin decreases iron absorption from the intestine and iron release from reticuloendothelial stores. Hepcidin excess has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease, while hepcidin deficiency has a key role in the pathogenesis of the iron overload disorder hemochromatosis. We have recently shown that hemojuvelin is a coreceptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and that BMP signaling positively regulates hepcidin expression in liver cells in vitro. Here we show that BMP-2 administration increases hepcidin expression and decreases serum iron levels in vivo. We also show that soluble hemojuvelin (HJV.Fc) selectively inhibits BMP induction of hepcidin expression in vitro and that administration of HJV.Fc decreases hepcidin expression, increases ferroportin expression, mobilizes splenic iron stores, and increases serum iron levels in vivo. These data support a role for modulators of the BMP signaling pathway in treating diseases of iron overload and anemia of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Babitt
- Program in Membrane Biology and Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Garcia V, Sidis Y, Marangolo M, Vidal F, Eddrief M, Bourges P, Maccherozzi F, Ott F, Panaccione G, Etgens VH. Biaxial strain in the hexagonal plane of MnAs thin films: the key to stabilize ferromagnetism to higher temperature. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:117205. [PMID: 17930469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The alpha-beta magnetostructural phase transition in MnAs/GaAs(111) epilayers is investigated by elastic neutron scattering. The in-plane parameter of MnAs remains almost constant with temperature from 100 to 420 K, following the thermal evolution of the GaAs substrate. This induces a temperature dependent biaxial strain that is responsible for an alpha-beta phase coexistence and, more importantly, for the stabilization of the ferromagnetic alpha phase at a higher temperature than in the bulk. We explain the premature appearance of the beta phase at 275 K and the persistence of the ferromagnetic alpha phase up to 350 K with thermodynamical arguments based on the MnAs phase diagram. It results that the biaxial strain in the hexagonal plane is the key parameter to extend the ferromagnetic phase well over room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Garcia
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7588, Campus Boucicaut, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xia Y, Yu PB, Sidis Y, Beppu H, Bloch KD, Schneyer AL, Lin HY. Repulsive Guidance Molecule RGMa Alters Utilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Type II Receptors by BMP2 and BMP4. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18129-18140. [PMID: 17472960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701679200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of multifunctional ligands that transduce their signals through type I and II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad proteins. Recently, we identified the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored repulsive guidance molecules RGMa, DRAGON (RGMb), and hemojuvelin (RGMc) as coreceptors for BMP signaling (Babbit, J. L., Huang, F. W., Wrighting, D. W., Xia, Y., Sidis, Y., Samad, T. A., Campagna, J. A., Chung, R., Schneyer, A., Woolf, C. J., Andrews, N. C., and Lin, H. Y. (2006) Nat. Genet. 38, 531-539; Babbit, J. L., Zhang, Y., Samad, T. A., Xia, Y., Tang, J., Schneyer, A., Woolf, C. J., and Lin, H. Y. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 29820-29827; Samad, T. A., Rebbapragada, A., Bell, E., Zhang, Y., Sidis, Y., Jeong, S. J., Campagna, J. A., Perusini, S., Fabrizio, D. A., Schneyer, A. L., Lin, H. Y., Brivanlou, A. H., Attisano, L., and Woolf, C. J. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 14122-14129). However, the mechanism by which RGM family members enhance BMP signaling remains unknown. Here, we report that RGMa bound to radiolabeled BMP2 and BMP4 with Kd values of 2.4+/-0.2 and 1.4+/-0.1 nm, respectively. In KGN human ovarian granulosa cells and mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, BMP2 and BMP4 signaling required BMP receptor type II (BMPRII), but not activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) or ActRIIB, based on changes in BMP signaling by small interfering RNA inhibition of receptor expression. In contrast, cells transfected with RGMa utilized both BMPRII and ActRIIA for BMP2 or BMP4 signaling. Furthermore, in BmpRII-null pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, BMP2 and BMP4 signaling was reduced by inhibition of endogenous RGMa expression, and RGMa-mediated BMP signaling required ActRIIA expression. These findings suggest that RGMa facilitates the use of ActRIIA by endogenous BMP2 and BMP4 ligands that otherwise prefer signaling via BMPRII and that increased utilization of ActRIIA leads to generation of an enhanced BMP signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xia
- Program in Membrane Biology and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Paul B Yu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Hideyuki Beppu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Alan L Schneyer
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Herbert Y Lin
- Program in Membrane Biology and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Senff D, Link P, Hradil K, Hiess A, Regnault LP, Sidis Y, Aliouane N, Argyriou DN, Braden M. Magnetic excitations in multiferroic TbMnO3: evidence for a hybridized soft mode. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:137206. [PMID: 17501238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.137206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic excitations in multiferroic TbMnO3 have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering in the spiral and sinusoidally ordered phases. At the incommensurate magnetic zone center of the spiral phase, we find three low-lying magnons whose character has been fully determined using neutron-polarization analysis. The excitation at the lowest energy is the sliding mode of the spiral, and two modes at 1.1 and 2.5 meV correspond to rotations of the spiral rotation plane. These latter modes are expected to couple to the electric polarization. The 2.5 meV mode is in perfect agreement with recent infrared-spectroscopy data giving strong support to its interpretation as a hybridized phonon-magnon excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Senff
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mukherjee A, Sidis Y, Mahan A, Raher MJ, Xia Y, Rosen ED, Bloch KD, Thomas MK, Schneyer AL. FSTL3 deletion reveals roles for TGF-beta family ligands in glucose and fat homeostasis in adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:1348-53. [PMID: 17229845 PMCID: PMC1783105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607966104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin and myostatin are related members of the TGF-beta growth factor superfamily. FSTL3 (Follistatin-like 3) is an activin and myostatin antagonist whose physiological role in adults remains to be determined. We found that homozygous FSTL3 knockout adults developed a distinct group of metabolic phenotypes, including increased pancreatic islet number and size, beta cell hyperplasia, decreased visceral fat mass, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced insulin sensitivity, changes that might benefit obese, insulin-resistant patients. The mice also developed hepatic steatosis and mild hypertension but exhibited no alteration of muscle or body weight. This combination of phenotypes appears to arise from increased activin and myostatin bioactivity in specific tissues resulting from the absence of the FSTL3 antagonist. Thus, the enlarged islets and beta cell number likely result from increased activin action. Reduced visceral fat is consistent with a role for increased myostatin action in regulating fat deposition, which, in turn, may be partly responsible for the enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that FSTL3 regulation of activin and myostatin is critical for normal adult metabolic homeostasis, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of FSTL3 activity might simultaneously reduce visceral adiposity, increase beta cell mass, and improve insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yin Xia
- *Reproductive Endocrine Unit
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Melissa K. Thomas
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Alan L. Schneyer
- *Reproductive Endocrine Unit
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Reproductive Endocrine Unit, BHX-5, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sidis Y, Mukherjee A, Keutmann H, Delbaere A, Sadatsuki M, Schneyer A. Biological activity of follistatin isoforms and follistatin-like-3 is dependent on differential cell surface binding and specificity for activin, myostatin, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Endocrinology 2006; 147:3586-97. [PMID: 16627583 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) and FST-like-3 (FSTL3) are activin-binding and neutralization proteins that also bind myostatin. Three FST isoforms have been described that differ in tissue distribution and cell-surface binding activity, suggesting that the FST isoforms and FSTL3 may have some nonoverlapping biological actions. We produced recombinant FST isoforms and FSTL3 and compared their biochemical and biological properties. Activin-binding affinities and kinetics were comparable between the isoforms and FSTL3, whereas cell-surface binding differed markedly (FST288 > FST303 > FST315 > FSTL3). Inhibition of endogenous activin bioactivity, whether the FST isoforms were administered endogenously or exogenously, correlated closely with surface binding activity, whereas neutralization of exogenous activin when FST and FSTL3 were also exogenous was consistent with their equivalent activin-binding affinities. This difference in activin inhibition was also evident in an in vitro bioassay because FST288 suppressed, whereas FST315 enhanced, activin-dependent TT cell proliferation. Moreover, when FSTL3, which does not associate with cell membranes, was expressed as a membrane-anchored protein, its endogenous activin inhibitory activity was dramatically increased. In competitive binding assays, myostatin was more potent than bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 6 and 7, and BMPs 2 and 4 were inactive in binding to FST isoforms, whereas none of the BMPs tested competed with activin for binding to FSTL3. Neutralization of exogenous BMP or myostatin bioactivity correlated with the relative abilities of the isoforms to bind cell-surface proteoglycans. These results indicate that the differential biological actions among the FST isoforms and FSTL3 are primarily dependent on their relative cell-surface binding ability and ligand specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisrael Sidis
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit BHX-5, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pailhès S, Ulrich C, Fauqué B, Hinkov V, Sidis Y, Ivanov A, Lin CT, Keimer B, Bourges P. Doping dependence of bilayer resonant spin excitations in (Y, Ca)Ba2Cu3O6+x. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:257001. [PMID: 16907334 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Resonant magnetic modes with odd and even symmetries were studied by inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the bilayer high-Tc superconductor Y1-xCa+Ba2Cu3O6+y over a wide doping range. The threshold of the spin excitation continuum in the superconducting state, deduced from the energies and spectral weights of both modes, is compared with the superconducting d-wave gap, deduced from electronic Raman scattering in the B1g symmetry on the same samples. Above a critical doping level of delta approximately =0.19, both mode energies and the continuum threshold coincide. We find a simple scaling relationship between the characteristic energies and spectral weights of both modes, which indicates that the resonant modes are bound states in the superconducting energy gap, as predicted by the spin-exciton model of the resonant mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pailhès
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Senff D, Krüger F, Scheidl S, Benomar M, Sidis Y, Demmel F, Braden M. Spin-wave dispersion in orbitally ordered La1/2Sr3/2MnO4. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:257201. [PMID: 16907336 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.257201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnon dispersion in the charge, orbital, and spin ordered phase in La1/2Sr3/2MnO4 has been studied by means of inelastic neutron scattering. We find excellent agreement with a magnetic interaction model based on the CE-type superstructure. The magnetic excitations are dominated by ferromagnetic exchange parameters revealing a nearly one-dimensional character at high energies. The strong ferromagnetic interaction in the charge or orbital ordered phase appears to be essential for the capability of manganites to switch between metallic and insulating phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Senff
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fauqué B, Sidis Y, Hinkov V, Pailhès S, Lin CT, Chaud X, Bourges P. Magnetic order in the pseudogap phase of high-Tc superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:197001. [PMID: 16803131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading issues in high-T(c) superconductors is the origin of the pseudogap phase in underdoped cuprates. Using polarized elastic neutron diffraction, we identify a novel magnetic order in the YB(2)Cu(3)O(6+) system. The observed magnetic order preserves translational symmetry of the lattice as proposed for orbital moments in the circulating current theory of the pseudogap state. To date, it is the first direct evidence of a hidden order parameter characterizing the pseudogap phase in high-T(c) cuprates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Fauqué
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Babitt JL, Huang FW, Wrighting DM, Xia Y, Sidis Y, Samad TA, Campagna JA, Chung RT, Schneyer AL, Woolf CJ, Andrews NC, Lin HY. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression. Nat Genet 2006; 38:531-9. [PMID: 16604073 DOI: 10.1038/ng1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin deficiency induces iron overload, whereas hepcidin excess induces anemia. Mutations in the gene encoding hemojuvelin (HFE2, also known as HJV) cause severe iron overload and correlate with low hepcidin levels, suggesting that hemojuvelin positively regulates hepcidin expression. Hemojuvelin is a member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family, which also includes the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coreceptors RGMA and DRAGON (RGMB). Here, we report that hemojuvelin is a BMP coreceptor and that hemojuvelin mutants associated with hemochromatosis have impaired BMP signaling ability. Furthermore, BMP upregulates hepatocyte hepcidin expression, a process enhanced by hemojuvelin and blunted in Hfe2-/- hepatocytes. Our data suggest a mechanism by which HFE2 mutations cause hemochromatosis: hemojuvelin dysfunction decreases BMP signaling, thereby lowering hepcidin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Babitt
- Program in Membrane Biology and Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rüegg C, Normand B, Matsumoto M, Niedermayer C, Furrer A, Krämer KW, Güdel HU, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Mutka H. Quantum statistics of interacting dimer spin systems. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:267201. [PMID: 16486391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.267201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The compound TlCuCl(3) represents a model system of dimerized quantum spins with strong interdimer interactions. We investigate the triplet dispersion as a function of temperature by inelastic neutron scattering experiments on single crystals. By comparison with a number of theoretical approaches we demonstrate that the description of Troyer, Tsunetsugu, and Würtz [Phys. Rev. B 50, 13 515 (1994)10.1103/Phys. Rev. B 50, 13515] provides an appropriate quantum statistical model for dimer spin systems at finite temperatures, where many-body correlations become particularly important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ch Rüegg
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) and FST-like-3 (FSTL3) are structurally related proteins that bind and neutralize activin and closely related members of the TGFbeta superfamily. Three FST isoforms (FST288, FST303, and FST315) are produced from the Fst gene that are primarily secreted proteins. FSTL3 is secreted, but is also observed within the nucleus of most cells. We used pulse-chase (35)S labeling to examine the biosynthetic and intracellular transport patterns that lead to differential secretion and intracellular retention of these proteins. Among the FST isoforms, FST315 was secreted fastest and FST288 was secreted more slowly, with some remaining intracellular. In contrast, FSTL3 was secreted the slowest, with newly synthesized proteins being both secreted and trafficked to the nucleus. This nuclear FSTL3 was N-glycosylated, although not to the same degree as secreted FSTL3. Both FST and FSTL3 have two Mets in their signal sequence. Mutation of the first Met in FST288 eliminated protein translation, whereas FSTL3 could be translated from either Met. However, although FSTL3 translated from the second Met, which had no signal sequence, was confined to the nucleus, it was not glycosylated. Interestingly, this FSTL3 retained activin-antagonizing activity. Thus, although bioactive, nuclear FSTL3 can be translated from the second Met when the first Met is mutated, the glycosylated nuclear FSTL3 produced endogenously indicates that a different mechanism must be used under natural conditions that apparently includes N-glycosylation. Moreover, the differential biosynthetic and intracellular transport patterns for FST288 and FSTL3 suggest that these two activin-binding proteins may have distinct intracellular roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Saito
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xia Y, Sidis Y, Mukherjee A, Samad TA, Brenner G, Woolf CJ, Lin HY, Schneyer A. Localization and action of Dragon (repulsive guidance molecule b), a novel bone morphogenetic protein coreceptor, throughout the reproductive axis. Endocrinology 2005; 146:3614-21. [PMID: 15890774 PMCID: PMC1351303 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in reproduction including primordial germ cell formation, follicular development, spermatogenesis, and FSH secretion. Dragon, a recently identified glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the repulsive guidance molecule family, is also a BMP coreceptor. In the present study, we determined the tissue and cellular localization of Dragon in reproductive organs using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Among reproductive organs, Dragon was expressed in testis, epididymis, ovary, uterus, and pituitary. In the testis of early postnatal mice, Dragon was found in gonocytes and spermatogonia, whereas in immature testes, Dragon was only weakly expressed in spermatogonia. Interestingly, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin treatment of immature mice robustly induced Dragon production in spermatocytes. In adult testis, Dragon was found in spermatocytes and round spermatids. In the ovary, Dragon was detected exclusively within oocytes and primarily those within secondary follicles. In the pituitary, Dragon-expressing cells overlapped FSH-expressing cells. Dragon was also expressed in a number of cell lines originating from reproductive tissues including Ishikawa, Hela, LbetaT2, MCF-7, and JEG3 cells. Immunocytochemistry and gradient sucrose ultracentrifugation studies showed Dragon was localized in lipid rafts within the plasma membrane. In reproductive cell lines, Dragon expression enhanced signaling of exogenous BMP2 or BMP4. The present studies demonstrate that Dragon expression is dynamically regulated throughout the reproductive tract and that Dragon protein modulates BMP signaling in cells from reproductive tissues. The overlap between Dragon expression and the functional BMP signaling system suggests that Dragon may play a role in mammalian reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tarek A. Samad
- Neural Plasticity Research Group of Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and
| | - Gary Brenner
- Neural Plasticity Research Group of Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Neural Plasticity Research Group of Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, and
| | - Herbert Y. Lin
- Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Alan Schneyer
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit
- Correspondence and reprints: Alan Schneyer, Ph.D., Reproductive Endocrine Unit, BHX-5, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02114,
| |
Collapse
|