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Ghaly TM, Focardi A, Elbourne LDH, Sutcliffe B, Humphreys WF, Jaschke PR, Tetu SG, Paulsen IT. Exploring virus-host-environment interactions in a chemotrophic-based underground estuary. Environ Microbiome 2024; 19:9. [PMID: 38291480 PMCID: PMC10829341 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses play important roles in modulating microbial communities and influencing global biogeochemistry. There is now growing interest in characterising their ecological roles across diverse biomes. However, little is known about viral ecology in low-nutrient, chemotrophic-based environments. In such ecosystems, virus-driven manipulation of nutrient cycles might have profound impacts across trophic levels. In particular, anchialine environments, which are low-energy underground estuaries sustained by chemotrophic processes, represent ideal model systems to study novel virus-host-environment interactions. RESULTS Here, we employ metagenomic sequencing to investigate the viral community in Bundera Sinkhole, an anchialine ecosystem rich in endemic species supported by microbial chemosynthesis. We find that the viruses are highly novel, with less than 2% representing described viruses, and are hugely abundant, making up as much as 12% of microbial intracellular DNA. These highly abundant viruses largely infect important prokaryotic taxa that drive key metabolic processes in the sinkhole. Further, the abundance of viral auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in nucleotide and protein synthesis was strongly correlated with declines in environmental phosphate and sulphate concentrations. These AMGs encoded key enzymes needed to produce sulphur-containing amino acids, and phosphorus metabolic enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. We hypothesise that this correlation is either due to selection of these AMGs under low phosphate and sulphate concentrations, highlighting the dynamic interactions between viruses, their hosts, and the environment; or, that these AMGs are driving increased viral nucleotide and protein synthesis via manipulation of host phosphorus and sulphur metabolism, consequently driving nutrient depletion in the surrounding water. CONCLUSION This study represents the first metagenomic investigation of viruses in anchialine ecosystems, and provides new hypotheses and insights into virus-host-environment interactions in such 'dark', low-energy environments. This is particularly important since anchialine ecosystems are characterised by diverse endemic species, both in their microbial and faunal assemblages, which are primarily supported by microbial chemosynthesis. Thus, virus-host-environment interactions could have profound effects cascading through all trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Ghaly
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Amaranta Focardi
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Liam D H Elbourne
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - William F Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Paul R Jaschke
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sasha G Tetu
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Nguyen HD, Yamada I, Nishimura T, Pang H, Cho H, Tang DM, Kikkawa J, Mitome M, Golberg D, Kimoto K, Mori T, Kawamoto N. STEM in situ thermal wave observations for investigating thermal diffusivity in nanoscale materials and devices. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj3825. [PMID: 38215197 PMCID: PMC10786416 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Practical techniques to identify heat routes at the nanoscale are required for the thermal control of microelectronic, thermoelectric, and photonic devices. Nanoscale thermometry using various approaches has been extensively investigated, yet a reliable method has not been finalized. We developed an original technique using thermal waves induced by a pulsed convergent electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode at room temperature. By quantifying the relative phase delay at each irradiated position, we demonstrate the heat transport within various samples with a spatial resolution of ~10 nm and a temperature resolution of 0.01 K. Phonon-surface scatterings were quantitatively confirmed due to the suppression of thermal diffusivity. The phonon-grain boundary scatterings and ballistic phonon transport near the pulsed convergent electron beam were also visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Duy Nguyen
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamada
- Yamada R&D Support Enterprise, 2-8-3 Minamidai, Ishioka, Ibaraki 315-0035, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishimura
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hong Pang
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hyunyong Cho
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dai-Ming Tang
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Kikkawa
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masanori Mitome
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Koji Kimoto
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8671, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawamoto
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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3
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Ren X, Nguyen TN, Lam WK, Buffalo CZ, Lazarou M, Yokom AL, Hurley JH. Structural basis for ATG9A recruitment to the ULK1 complex in mitophagy initiation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg2997. [PMID: 36791199 PMCID: PMC9931213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of the autophagy initiation machinery nucleates autophagosome biogenesis, including in the PINK1- and Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway implicated in Parkinson's disease. The structural interaction between the sole transmembrane autophagy protein, autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A), and components of the Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) complex is one of the major missing links needed to complete a structural map of autophagy initiation. We determined the 2.4-Å x-ray crystallographic structure of the ternary structure of ATG9A carboxyl-terminal tail bound to the ATG13:ATG101 Hop1/Rev7/Mad2 (HORMA) dimer, which is part of the ULK1 complex. We term the interacting portion of the extreme carboxyl-terminal part of the ATG9A tail the "HORMA dimer-interacting region" (HDIR). This structure shows that the HDIR binds to the HORMA domain of ATG101 by β sheet complementation such that the ATG9A tail resides in a deep cleft at the ATG13:ATG101 interface. Disruption of this complex in cells impairs damage-induced PINK1/Parkin mitophagy mediated by the cargo receptor NDP52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Thanh N. Nguyen
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wai Kit Lam
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cosmo Z. Buffalo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam L. Yokom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Slonchak A, Wang X, Aguado J, Sng JDJ, Chaggar H, Freney ME, Yan K, Torres FJ, Amarilla AA, Balea R, Setoh YX, Peng N, Watterson D, Wolvetang E, Suhrbier A, Khromykh AA. Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd8095. [PMID: 36449607 PMCID: PMC9710884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
All flaviviruses, including Zika virus, produce noncoding subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA), which plays an important role in viral pathogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of how sfRNA enables viral evasion of antiviral response is not well defined. Here, we show that sfRNA is required for transplacental virus dissemination in pregnant mice and subsequent fetal brain infection. We also show that sfRNA promotes apoptosis of neural progenitor cells in human brain organoids, leading to their disintegration. In infected human placental cells, sfRNA inhibits multiple antiviral pathways and promotes apoptosis, with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) identified as a key shared factor. We further show that the production of sfRNA leads to reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 via a mechanism that involves sfRNA binding to and stabilizing viral protein NS5. Our results suggest the cooperation between viral noncoding RNA and a viral protein as a novel strategy for counteracting antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D. J. Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harman Chaggar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Morgan E. Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francisco J. Torres
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rickyle Balea
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nias Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Purushotham P, Ho R, Yu L, Fincher GB, Bulone V, Zimmer J. Mechanism of mixed-linkage glucan biosynthesis by barley cellulose synthase-like CslF6 (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd1596. [PMID: 36367939 PMCID: PMC9651860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans, which are widely distributed in cell walls of the grasses, are linear glucose polymers containing predominantly (1,4)-β-linked glucosyl units interspersed with single (1,3)-β-linked glucosyl units. Their distribution in cereal grains and unique structures are important determinants of dietary fibers that are beneficial to human health. We demonstrate that the barley cellulose synthase-like CslF6 enzyme is sufficient to synthesize a high-molecular weight (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in vitro. Biochemical and cryo-electron microscopy analyses suggest that CslF6 functions as a monomer. A conserved "switch motif" at the entrance of the enzyme's transmembrane channel is critical to generate (1,3)-linkages. There, a single-point mutation markedly reduces (1,3)-linkage formation, resulting in the synthesis of cellulosic polysaccharides. Our results suggest that CslF6 monitors the orientation of the nascent polysaccharide's second or third glucosyl unit. Register-dependent interactions with these glucosyl residues reposition the polymer's terminal glucosyl unit to form either a (1,3)- or (1,4)-β-linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallinti Purushotham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ruoya Ho
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Long Yu
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Geoffrey B. Fincher
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jochen Zimmer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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6
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Annen C, Latypov R, Chistyakova S, Cruden AR, Nielsen TFD. Catastrophic growth of totally molten magma chambers in months to years. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq0394. [PMID: 36149966 PMCID: PMC9506720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vertical growth rate of basaltic magma chambers remains largely unknown with available estimates being highly uncertain. Here, we propose a novel approach to address this issue using the classical Skaergaard intrusion that started crystallizing from all margins inward only after it had been completely filled with magma. Our numerical simulations indicate that to keep the growing Skaergaard magma chamber completely molten, the vertical growth rate must have been on the order of several hundreds to a few thousands of meters per year, corresponding to volumetric flow rates of tens to hundreds of cubic kilometers per year. These rates are several orders of magnitude higher than current estimates and were likely achieved by rapid subsidence of the floor rocks along faults. We propose that the Skaergaard is a plutonic equivalent of supereruptions or intrusions that grow via catastrophically rapid magma emplacement into the crust, producing totally molten magma chambers in a matter of a few months to dozens of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Annen
- Institute of Geophysics of the CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rais Latypov
- School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sofya Chistyakova
- School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexander R. Cruden
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Troels F. D. Nielsen
- Department of Petrology and Economic Geology, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Álvarez-Pérez G, Duan J, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Ou Q, Nikulina E, Liu S, Edgar JH, Bao Q, Giannini V, Hillenbrand R, Martín-Sánchez J, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Negative reflection of nanoscale-confined polaritons in a low-loss natural medium. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabp8486. [PMID: 35857836 PMCID: PMC9299554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Negative reflection occurs when light is reflected toward the same side of the normal to the boundary from which it is incident. This exotic optical phenomenon is not only yet to be visualized in real space but also remains unexplored, both at the nanoscale and in natural media. Here, we directly visualize nanoscale-confined polaritons negatively reflecting on subwavelength mirrors fabricated in a low-loss van der Waals crystal. Our near-field nanoimaging results unveil an unconventional and broad tunability of both the polaritonic wavelength and direction of propagation upon negative reflection. On the basis of these findings, we introduce a device in nano-optics: a hyperbolic nanoresonator, in which hyperbolic polaritons with different momenta reflect back to a common point source, enhancing the intensity. These results pave way to realize nanophotonics in low-loss natural media, providing an efficient route to control nanolight, a key for future on-chip optical nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
- Corresponding author. (P.A.-G.); (A.Y.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizaveta Nikulina
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James H. Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Nanjing kLight Laser Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Vincenzo Giannini
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Technology Innovation Institute, Building B04C, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Excellence, ENSEMBLE 3 Sp. z o.o., Wólczyńska 133, Warsaw 01-919, Poland
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Alexey Yu Nikitin
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Corresponding author. (P.A.-G.); (A.Y.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
- Corresponding author. (P.A.-G.); (A.Y.N.); (J.D.)
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8
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Bliokh KY, Punzmann H, Xia H, Nori F, Shats M. Field theory spin and momentum in water waves. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm1295. [PMID: 35061526 PMCID: PMC8782445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Spin is a fundamental yet nontrivial intrinsic angular momentum property of quantum particles or fields, which appears within relativistic field theory. The spin density in wave fields is described by the theoretical Belinfante-Rosenfeld construction based on the difference between the canonical and kinetic momentum densities. These quantities are usually considered as abstract and non-observable per se. Here, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that the Belinfante-Rosenfeld construction naturally arises in gravity (water surface) waves. There, the canonical momentum is associated with the generalized Stokes drift phenomenon, while the spin is generated by subwavelength circular motion of water particles. Thus, we directly observe these fundamental field theory properties as microscopic mechanical properties of a classical wave system. Our findings shed light onto the nature of spin and momentum in wave fields, demonstrate the universality of relativistic field theory concepts, and offer a new platform for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y. Bliokh
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Horst Punzmann
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hua Xia
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USA
| | - Michael Shats
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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9
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Chen KE, Guo Q, Hill TA, Cui Y, Kendall AK, Yang Z, Hall RJ, Healy MD, Sacharz J, Norwood SJ, Fonseka S, Xie B, Reid RC, Leneva N, Parton RG, Ghai R, Stroud DA, Fairlie DP, Suga H, Jackson LP, Teasdale RD, Passioura T, Collins BM. De novo macrocyclic peptides for inhibiting, stabilizing, and probing the function of the retromer endosomal trafficking complex. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg4007. [PMID: 34851660 PMCID: PMC8635440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The retromer complex (Vps35-Vps26-Vps29) is essential for endosomal membrane trafficking and signaling. Mutation of the retromer subunit Vps35 causes late-onset Parkinson’s disease, while viral and bacterial pathogens can hijack the complex during cellular infection. To modulate and probe its function, we have created a novel series of macrocyclic peptides that bind retromer with high affinity and specificity. Crystal structures show that most of the cyclic peptides bind to Vps29 via a Pro-Leu–containing sequence, structurally mimicking known interactors such as TBC1D5 and blocking their interaction with retromer in vitro and in cells. By contrast, macrocyclic peptide RT-L4 binds retromer at the Vps35-Vps26 interface and is a more effective molecular chaperone than reported small molecules, suggesting a new therapeutic avenue for targeting retromer. Last, tagged peptides can be used to probe the cellular localization of retromer and its functional interactions in cells, providing novel tools for studying retromer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Hall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael D. Healy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Joanna Sacharz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Norwood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sachini Fonseka
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Boyang Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert C. Reid
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Natalya Leneva
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ghai
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Lauren P. Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rohan D. Teasdale
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Toby Passioura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Sydney Analytical, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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10
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Wilson MM, Callens C, Le Gallo M, Mironov S, Ding Q, Salamagnon A, Chavarria TE, Viel R, Peasah AD, Bhutkar A, Martin S, Godey F, Tas P, Kang HS, Juin PP, Jetten AM, Visvader JE, Weinberg RA, Attanasio M, Prigent C, Lees JA, Guen VJ. An EMT-primary cilium-GLIS2 signaling axis regulates mammogenesis and claudin-low breast tumorigenesis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf6063. [PMID: 34705506 PMCID: PMC8550236 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis induce stem cell properties in basal mammary stem cells (MaSCs) to promote mammogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that EMT transcription factors promote ciliogenesis upon entry into intermediate EMT states by activating ciliogenesis inducers, including FGFR1. The resulting primary cilia promote ubiquitination and inactivation of a transcriptional repressor, GLIS2, which localizes to the ciliary base. We show that GLIS2 inactivation promotes MaSC stemness, and GLIS2 is required for normal mammary gland development. Moreover, GLIS2 inactivation is required to induce the proliferative and tumorigenic capacities of the mammary tumor–initiating cells (MaTICs) of claudin-low breast cancers. Claudin-low breast tumors can be segregated from other breast tumor subtypes based on a GLIS2-dependent gene expression signature. Collectively, our findings establish molecular mechanisms by which EMT programs induce ciliogenesis to control MaSC and MaTIC stemness, mammary gland development, and claudin-low breast cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M. Wilson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Céline Callens
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Svetlana Mironov
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amandine Salamagnon
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
| | - Tony E. Chavarria
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roselyne Viel
- Plateforme d’Histopathologie de Haute Précision (H2P2), Rennes, France
| | - Abena D. Peasah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Martin
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Godey
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Tas
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jane E. Visvader
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert A. Weinberg
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Department of Biology and the Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Attanasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claude Prigent
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacqueline A. Lees
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vincent J. Guen
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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11
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Majd S, Power JHT, Chataway TK, Grantham HJM. A comparison of LKB1/AMPK/mTOR metabolic axis response to global ischaemia in brain, heart, liver and kidney in a rat model of cardiac arrest. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:7. [PMID: 29921218 PMCID: PMC6010165 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular energy failure in high metabolic rate organs is one of the underlying causes for many disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiomyopathies, liver and renal failures. In the past decade, numerous studies have discovered the cellular axis of LKB1/AMPK/mTOR as an essential modulator of cell homeostasis in response to energy stress. Through regulating adaptive mechanisms, this axis adjusts the energy availability to its demand by a systematized control on metabolism. Energy stress, however, could be sensed at different levels in various tissues, leading to applying different strategies in response to hypoxic insults. METHODS Here the immediate strategies of high metabolic rate organs to time-dependent short episodes of ischaemia were studied by using a rat model (n = 6/group) of cardiac arrest (CA) (15 and 30 s, 1, 2, 4 and 8 min CA). Using western blot analysis, we examined the responses of LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway in brain, heart, liver and kidney from 15 s up to 8 min of global ischaemia. The ratio of ADP/ATP was assessed in all ischemic and control groups, using ApoSENSOR bioluminescent assay kit. RESULTS Brain, followed by kidney showed the early dephosphorylation response in AMPK (Thr172) and LKB1 (Ser431); in the absence of ATP decline (ADP/ATP elevation). Dephosphorylation of AMPK was followed by rephosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation, which was associated with a significant ATP decline. While heart's activity of AMPK and LKB1 remained at the same level during short episodes of ischaemia, liver's LKB1 was dephosphorylated after 2 min. AMPK response to ischaemia in liver was mainly based on an early alternative and a late constant hyperphosphorylation. No significant changes was observed in mTOR activity in all groups. CONCLUSION Together our results suggest that early AMPK dephosphorylation followed by late hyperphosphorylation is the strategy of brain and kidney in response to ischaemia. While the liver seemed to get benefit of its AMPK system in early ischameia, possibly to stabilize ATP, the level of LKB1/AMPK activity in heart remained unchanged in short ischaemic episodes up to 8 min. Further researches must be conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying LKB1/AMPK response to oxygen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Majd
- Centre for Neuroscience, Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
| | - John H. T. Power
- Centre for Neuroscience, Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
| | - Timothy K. Chataway
- Proteomics Facility, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
| | - Hugh J. M. Grantham
- Centre for Neuroscience, Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
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