1
|
Kim K, Kim SM, Park Y, Lee E, Jung S, Kang J, An D, Min K, Shim SR, Yu HW, Han HW. A blockchain-based healthcare data marketplace: prototype and demonstration. JAMIA Open 2024; 7:ooae029. [PMID: 38617993 PMCID: PMC11013391 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to develop healthcare data marketplace using blockchain-based B2C model that ensures the transaction of healthcare data among individuals, companies, and marketplaces. Materials and methods We designed an architecture for the healthcare data marketplace using blockchain. A healthcare data marketplace was developed using Panacea, MySQL 8.0, JavaScript library, and Node.js. We evaluated the performance of the data marketplace system in 3 scenarios. Results We developed mobile and web applications for healthcare data marketplace. The transaction data queries were executed fully within about 1-2 s, and approximately 9.5 healthcare data queries were processed per minute in each demonstration scenario. Discussion Blockchain-based healthcare data marketplaces have shown compliance performance in the process of data collection and will provide a meaningful role in analyzing healthcare data. Conclusion The healthcare data marketplace developed in this project can iron out time and place limitations and create a framework for gathering and analyzing fragmented healthcare data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KangHyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, 13488, South Korea
| | - YoungMin Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, 13488, South Korea
| | - EunSol Lee
- Department of Development, Medibloc co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SungJae Jung
- Department of Development, Medibloc co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kang
- Department of Strategic Development, Misoinfo co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - DongUk An
- Department of Strategic Development, Misoinfo co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungil Min
- Department of Strategic Development, Misoinfo co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Yu
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, 13620, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, 13488, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shin DH, Kim SJ. Effects of hydrogen permeation on the mechanical characteristics of electroless nickel-plated free-cutting steel for application to the hydrogen valves of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302972. [PMID: 38722925 PMCID: PMC11081365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroless nickel plating is a suitable technology for the hydrogen industry because electroless nickel can be mass-produced at a low cost. Investigating in a complex environment where hydrogen permeation and friction/wear work simultaneously is necessary to apply it to hydrogen valves for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this research, the effects of hydrogen permeation on the mechanical characteristics of electroless nickel-plated free-cutting steel (SUM 24L) were investigated. Due to the inherent characteristics of electroless nickel plating, the damage (cracks and delamination of grain) and micro-particles by hydrogen permeation were clearly observed at the grain boundaries and triple junctions. In particular, the cracks grew from grain boundary toward the intergranualr. This is because the grain boundaries and triple junctions are hydrogen permeation pathways and increasing area of the hydrogen partial pressure. As a result, its surface roughness increased by a maximum of two times, and its hardness and adhesion strength decreased by hydrogen permeation. In particular, hydrogen permeation increased the friction coefficient of the electroless nickel-plated layer, and the damage caused by adhesive wear was significantly greater, increasing the wear depth by up to 5.7 times. This is believed to be due to the decreasing in wear resistance of the electroless nickel plating layer damaged by hydrogen permeation. Nevertheless, the Vickers hardness and the friction coefficient of the electroless nickel plating layer were improved by about 3 and 5.6 times, respectively, compared with those of the free-cutting steel. In particular, the electroless nickel-plated specimens with hydrogen embrittlement exhibited significantly better mechanical characteristics and wear resistance than the free-cutting steel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Shin
- Department of Marine Engineering, Graduate School, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jong Kim
- Division of Marine System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pham TS, Zheng H, Chen L, Khuyen BX, Lee Y. Wide-incident-angle, polarization-independent broadband-absorption metastructure without external resistive elements by using a trapezoidal structure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10198. [PMID: 38702324 PMCID: PMC11068773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The absorption of electromagnetic waves in a broadband frequency range with polarization insensitivity and incidence-angle independence is greatly needed in modern technology applications. Many structures based on metamaterials have been suggested for addressing these requirements; these structures were complex multilayer structures or used special materials or external electric components, such as resistive ones. In this paper, we present a metasurface structure that was fabricated simply by employing the standard printed-circuit-board technique but provides a high absorption above 90% in a broadband frequency range from 12.35 to 14.65 GHz. The metasurface consisted of structural unit cells of 4 symmetric substructures assembled with a metallic bar pattern, which induced broadband absorption by using a planar resistive interaction in the pattern without a real resistive component. The analysis, simulation, and measurement results showed that the metasurface was also polarization insensitive and still maintained an absorption above 90% at incident angles up to 45°. The suggested metasurface plays a role in the fundamental design and can also be used to design absorbers at different frequency ranges. Furthermore, further enhancement of the absorption performance is achieved by improved design and fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Son Pham
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonic Science Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
- Alpha ADT, No.1202, 51-9, Dongtan Advanced Industrial, Hwaseong, 18469, Korea
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Haiyu Zheng
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonic Science Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
- Alpha ADT, No.1202, 51-9, Dongtan Advanced Industrial, Hwaseong, 18469, Korea
| | - Liangyao Chen
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bui Xuan Khuyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - YoungPak Lee
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonic Science Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
- Alpha ADT, No.1202, 51-9, Dongtan Advanced Industrial, Hwaseong, 18469, Korea.
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi JS, Meena JS, Choi SB, Jung SB, Kim JW. Water-Triggered Self-Healing of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Standalone Electrodes: Systematic Examination of Factors Affecting the Healing Process. Small 2024; 20:e2306434. [PMID: 38152953 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, with their remarkable attributes, stand at the forefront of diverse applications. However, the challenge remains in sustaining their performance, especially concerning Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes. Current self-healing techniques, although promising, often rely heavily on adjacent organic materials. This study illuminates a pioneering water-initiated self-healing mechanism tailored specifically for standalone MXene electrodes. Here, both water and select organic solvents seamlessly mend impaired regions. Comprehensive evaluations around solvent types, thermal conditions, and substrate nuances underline water's unmatched healing efficacy, attributed to its innate ability to forge enduring hydrogen bonds with MXenes. Optimal healing environments range from ambient conditions to a modest 50 °C. Notably, on substrates rich in hydroxyl groups, the healing efficiency remains consistently high. The proposed healing mechanism encompasses hydrogen bonding formation, capillary action-induced expansion of interlayer spacing, solvent lubrication, Gibbs free energy minimizing MXene nanosheet rearrangement, and solvent evaporation-triggered MXene layer recombination. MXenes' resilience is further showcased by their electrical revival from profound damages, culminating in the crafting of Joule-heated circuits and heaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jagan Singh Meena
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Core Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seung-Boo Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lim EJ, Kim JW, Doh CH, Kim C. Clinical Outcomes Following Incomplete Arthroscopic Iliotibial Band Release for External Snapping Hip Syndrome: An Observational Study. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1153-1159. [PMID: 38556482 PMCID: PMC11062866 DOI: 10.1111/os.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arthroscopic treatment is indicated for external snapping hip (ESH) syndrome in patients refractory to conservative treatment, but snapping does not disappear completely in some case. No previous studies have described the clinical course of ESH syndrome in patients who presented with persistent snapping after an arthroscopic procedure. We demonstrated the clinical outcomes following an incomplete arthroscopic iliotibial band (ITB) release for ESH syndrome. METHODS This retrospective observational study was performed at two teaching hospitals between October 2015 and December 2021. We reviewed the data of 33 patients (34 hips) aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with ESH syndrome, who were treated with arthroscopic ITB release. Patients who presented with persistent snapping despite sufficient arthroscopic ITB release following systematic order were defined as having an incomplete release. We collected the data for recurrent symptomatic snapping hip as the primary outcome after a minimum 2-year follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified Harris hip (mHHS) scores were measured as secondary outcome. RESULTS "Incomplete release" was identified in three of the 34 hips (8.9%). Cases of recurrent symptomatic snapping or conversion to open surgery were not observed. The symptoms of residual snapping spontaneously disappeared in all cases following routine postoperative rehabilitation within a 3-month follow-up period. The VAS (4 ± 1) and mHHS (17 ± 6) scores of all the patients improved. CONCLUSION When refractory ESH syndrome is identified during arthroscopic surgery, appropriate ITB release and removal of the major lesion causing snapping are expected to lead to resolution of residual symptoms without conversion to open surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eic Ju Lim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryChungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of MedicineCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Wan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Doh
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chul‐Ho Kim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim M, Jung HY, Kim B, Jo C. Laminin as a Key Extracellular Matrix for Proliferation, Differentiation, and Maturation of Porcine Muscle Stem Cell Cultivation. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:710-722. [PMID: 38765289 PMCID: PMC11097016 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a crucial role in culturing muscle stem cells (MuSCs). However, there is a lack of extensive research on how each of these proteins influences proliferation and differentiation of MuSCs from livestock animals. Therefore, we investigated the effects of various ECM coatings-collagen, fibronectin, gelatin, and laminin-on the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of porcine MuSCs. Porcine MuSCs, isolated from 14-day-old Berkshire piglets, were cultured on ECM-coated plates, undergoing three days of proliferation followed by three days of differentiation. MuSCs on laminin showed higher proliferation rate than others (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of PAX7, MYF5, and MYOD among MuSCs on laminin, collagen, and fibronectin (p>0.05). During the differentiation period, MuSCs cultured on laminin exhibited a significantly higher differentiation rate, resulting in thicker myotubes compared to those on other ECMs (p<0.05). Also, MuSCs on laminin showed higher expression of mRNA related with maturated muscle fiber such as MYH1 and MYH4 corresponding to muscle fiber type IIx and muscle fiber type IIb, respectively, compared with MuSCs on other ECM coatings (p<0.05). In summary, our comparison of ECMs revealed that laminin significantly enhances MuSC proliferation and differentiation, outperforming other ECMs. Specifically, muscle fibers cultured on laminin exhibited a more mature phenotype. These findings underscore laminin's potential to advance in vitro muscle research and cultured meat production, highlighting its role in supporting rapid cell proliferation, higher differentiation rates, and the development of mature muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Beomjun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim J, Roh J, Park M, Lee C. Recent Advances and Challenges of Colloidal Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for Display Applications. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2212220. [PMID: 36853911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit tremendous potential in display technologies owing to their unique optical properties, such as size-tunable emission wavelength, narrow spectral linewidth, and near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield. Significant efforts in academia and industry have achieved dramatic improvements in the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) over the past decade, primarily owing to the development of high-quality QDs and optimized device architectures. Moreover, sophisticated patterning processes have also been developed for QDs, which is an essential technique for their commercialization. As a result of these achievements, some QD-based display technologies, such as QD enhancement films and QD-organic light-emitting diodes, have been successfully commercialized, confirming the superiority of QDs in display technologies. However, despite these developments, the commercialization of QLEDs is yet to reach a threshold, requiring a leap forward in addressing challenges and related problems. Thus, representative research trends, progress, and challenges of QLEDs in the categories of material synthesis, device engineering, and fabrication method to specify the current status and development direction are reviewed. Furthermore, brief insights into the factors to be considered when conducting research on single-device QLEDs are provided to realize active matrix displays. This review guides the way toward the commercialization of QLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkyun Roh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungjin Park
- Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim H, Cho S, Park E, Park S, Oh D, Lee KJ, Kim C. Nonlinear beamforming for intracardiac echocardiography: a comparative study. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:571-582. [PMID: 38645597 PMCID: PMC11026316 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-024-00352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) enables cardiac imaging with a wide field of view, deep imaging depth, and high frame rate during surgery. However, strong sidelobe and grating lobe artifacts created by the ultra-compact transducer degrade its image quality, making diagnosis and monitoring of treatment difficult. Conventionally, aperture apodization algorithms are often used to suppress sidelobe and grating lobe artifacts at the expense of lateral resolution, which is undesirable in ICE. In this study, we present comparative results of the beamforming methods specifically in ICE application. We demonstrate and compare five nonlinear beamforming algorithms in ICE: nonlinear pth root delay and sum (NL-p-DAS), nonlinear pth root spectral magnitude scaling (NL-p-SMS), delay-and-sum with coherence factors (DAS + SCF), delay and sum with apodization (DAS + apodization) and delay and sum (DAS). Phantom and ex-vivo experiment compare the performance of each algorithm in static and dynamic conditions. DAS + SCF shows the best lateral resolution, and all four algorithms improve the image contrast and sidelobe suppression over conventional DAS. NL-p-SMS stands out for the best axial resolution and suppression of grating lobe artifacts. For motion tracking, NL-p-SMS shows better temporal resolution than other methods. Overall, all the beamforming algorithms other than DAS showed improved image quality. Among them, NL-p-SMS, which has a high temporal resolution, showed the potential for providing more accurate information regards movement tracking. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13534-024-00352-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Device Innovation Center, and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| | - Seonghee Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| | - Eunwoo Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Device Innovation Center, and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| | - Donghyeon Oh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Device Innovation Center, and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| | - Ki Jong Lee
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Device Innovation Center, and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
- Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
- Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Erkanli ME, El-Halabi K, Kang TK, Kim JR. Hotspot Wizard-informed engineering of a hyperthermophilic β-glucosidase for enhanced enzyme activity at low temperatures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38682557 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic enzymes serve as an important source of industrial enzymes due to their high thermostability. Unfortunately, most hyperthermophilic enzymes suffer from reduced activity at low temperatures (e.g., ambient temperature), limiting their applicability. In addition, evolving hyperthermophilic enzymes to increase low temperature activity without compromising other desired properties is generally difficult. In the current study, a variant of β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfBGL) was engineered to enhance enzyme activity at low temperatures through the construction of a saturation mutagenesis library guided by the HotSpot Wizard analysis, followed by its screening for activity and thermostability. From this library construction and screening, one PfBGL mutant, PfBGL-A4 containing Q214S/A264S/F344I mutations, showed an over twofold increase in β-glucosidase activity at 25 and 50°C compared to the wild type, without compromising high-temperature activity, thermostability and substrate specificity. Our experimental and computational characterizations suggest that the findings with PfBGL-A4 may be due to the elevation of local conformational flexibility around the active site, while slightly compacting the global protein structure. This study showcases the potential of HotSpot Wizard-informed engineering of hyperthermophilic enzymes and underscores the interplays among temperature, enzyme activity, and conformational flexibility in these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emre Erkanli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Khalid El-Halabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ted Keunsil Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jin Ryoun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cho YS, Lee JW, Jung Y, Park JY, Park JS, Kim SM, Yang SJ, Park CR. Super-Toughness Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Bio-Inspired Nano-Coiling Engineering. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400460. [PMID: 38654622 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight structural materials are commonly used as effective fillers for advanced composites with high toughness. This study focused on enhancing the toughness of direct-spun carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) by controlling the micro-textural structure using a water-gap-based direct spinning. Drawing inspiration from the structural features of natural spider silk fibroin, characterized by an α-helix in the amorphous region and β-sheet in the crystalline region, multiscale bundles within CNTYs are reorganized into a unique nano-coil-like structure. This nano-coiled structure facilitated the efficient dissipation of external mechanical loads through densification with the rearrangement of multiscale bundles, improving specific strength and strain. The resulting CNTYs exhibited exceptional mechanical properties with toughness reaching 250 J g-1, making them promising alternatives to commercially available fibers in lightweight, high-toughness applications. These findings highlight the significance of nano-coiling engineering for emulating bio-inspired micro-textural structures, achieving remarkable enhancement in the toughness of CNTYs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Shik Cho
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jung
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seo Park
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang JM, Kim SH, Ryu DS, Park Y, Won DS, Kim JW, Park JK, Park HJ, Park JH. Sirolimus-coated Eustachian tube balloon dilatation for treating Eustachian tube dysfunction in a rat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8784. [PMID: 38627500 PMCID: PMC11021459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Eustachian tube balloon dilatation (ETBD) has shown promising results in the treatment of ET dysfunction (ETD); however, recurrent symptoms after ETBD frequently occur in patients with refractory ETD. The excessive pressure of balloon catheter during ETBD may induce the tissue hyperplasia and fibrotic changes around the injured mucosa. Sirolimus (SRL), an antiproliferative agent, inhibits tissue proliferation. An SRL-coated balloon catheter was fabricated using an ultrasonic spray coating technique with a coating solution composed of SRL, purified shellac, and vitamin E. This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of ETBD with a SRL-coated balloon catheter to prevent tissue proliferation in the rat ET after ETBD. In 21 Sprague-Dawley rats, the left ET was randomly divided into the control (drug-free ETBD; n = 9) and the SRL (n = 9) groups. All rats were sacrificed for histological examination immediately after and at 1 and 4 weeks after ETBD. Three rats were used to represent the normal ET. The SRL-coated ETBD significantly suppressed tissue proliferation caused by mechanical injuries compared with the control group. ETBD with SRL-coated balloon catheter was effective and safe to maintain ET luminal patency without tissue proliferation at the site of mechanical injuries for 4 weeks in a rat ET model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeon Min Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Ryu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubeen Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Won
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Park
- Department of Research and Development, JLinker Inc., 43-22, Nanosandan 5-Ro, Nam-Myeon, Jangseong, 57248, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Ju Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim JH, Song A, Park JM, Park JS, Behera S, Cho E, Park YC, Kim NY, Jung JW, Lee SJ, Kim HS. Analogous Design of a Microlayered Silicon Oxide-Based Electrode to the General Electrode Structure for Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309183. [PMID: 38160321 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Development of miniaturized thin-film lithium-ion batteries (TF-LIBs) using vacuum deposition techniques is crucial for low-scale applications, but addressing low energy density remains a challenge. In this work, structures analogous to SiOx-based thin-film electrodes are designed with close resemblance to traditional LIB slurry formulations including active material, conductive agent, and binder. The thin-film is produced using mid-frequency sputtering with a single hybrid target consisting of SiOx nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and polytetrafluoroethylene. The thin-film SiOx/PPFC (plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon) involves a combination of SiOx and conductive carbon within the PPFC matrix. This results in enhanced electronic conductivity and superior elasticity and hardness in comparison to a conventional pure SiOx-based thin-film. The electrochemical performance of the half-cell consisting of thin-film SiOx/PPFC demonstrates remarkable cycling stability, with a capacity retention of 74.8% up to the 1000th cycle at 0.5 C. In addition, a full cell using the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 thin-film as the cathode material exhibits an exceptional initial capacity of ≈120 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and cycle performance, marked by a capacity retention of 90.8% from the first cycle to the 500th cycle at a 1 C rate. This work will be a stepping stone for the AM/CB/B composite electrodes in TF-LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Heon Kim
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aeran Song
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhashree Behera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Cho
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chang Park
- National Nano Fab Centre, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park DH, Jun JH, Yun SH, Choi BS, Fiorellini JP, Tallarico M, Hwang KG, Park CJ. Semi-customized three-dimensional ultra-fine titanium meshes in guided bone regeneration for implant therapy in severe alveolar bone defect: a case report. Int J Implant Dent 2024; 10:17. [PMID: 38551730 PMCID: PMC10980665 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-024-00535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report provides a detailed description of a simple and fast bone regeneration procedure using a semi-customized three-dimensional ultra-fine titanium mesh. A 50-year-old male with a severe vertical and horizontal bone defect in the anterior mandible underwent implant treatment in a staged approach. The autologous bone was combined with a xenograft, and the mixture was grafted to augment the bone defect and covered with semi-customized ultra-fine titanium meshes, which were selected among its various types according to size and configuration of the bone defect, directly connected and immobilized on the tenting screws with minimal shaping. In a postoperative 6 months re-entry surgery, the performed titanium meshes were removed, implants were placed, and a bone core biopsy was obtained that demonstrated satisfactory new bone formation. Finally, two months later, the definitive prosthesis was installed. This semi-customized ultra-fine titanium mesh could help an implant clinician obtain more predictable results in the guided bone regeneration (GBR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ho Park
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Jun
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyoung Yun
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Sun Choi
- Tissue Regeneration Institute, Osstem Implant Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph P Fiorellini
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Tallarico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kyung-Gyun Hwang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Joo Park
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim W, Ngo HV, Nguyen HD, Park JM, Lee KW, Park C, Park JB, Lee BJ. Nanonization and Deformable Behavior of Fattigated Peptide Drug in Mucoadhesive Buccal Films. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:468. [PMID: 38675128 PMCID: PMC11054133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was tasked with the design of mucoadhesive buccal films (MBFs) containing a peptide drug, leuprolide (LEU), or its diverse nanoparticles (NPs), for enhanced membrane permeability via self-assembled nanonization and deformable behavior. An LEU-oleic acid conjugate (LOC) and its self-assembled NPs (LON) were developed. Additionally, a deformable variant of LON (d-LON) was originally developed by incorporating l-α-phosphatidylcholine into LON as an edge activator. The physicochemical properties of LON and d-LON, encompassing particle size, zeta potential, and deformability index (DI), were evaluated. MBFs containing LEU, LOC, and NPs (LON, d-LON) were prepared using the solvent casting method by varying the ratio of Eudragit RLPO and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, with propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. The optimization of MBF formulations was based on their physicochemical properties, including in vitro residence time, dissolution, and permeability. The dissolution results demonstrated that the conjugation of oleic acid to LEU exhibited a more sustained LEU release pattern by cleaving the ester bond of the conjugate, as compared to the native LEU, with reduced variability. Moreover, the LOC and its self-assembled NPs (LON, d-LON), equivalent to 1 mg LEU doses in MBF, exhibited an amorphous state and demonstrated better permeability through the nanonization process than LEU alone, regardless of membrane types. The incorporation of lauroyl-L-carnitine into the films as a permeation enhancer synergistically augmented drug permeability. Most importantly, the d-LON-loaded buccal films showed the highest permeability, due to the deformability of NPs. Overall, MBF-containing peptide NPs and permeation enhancers have the potential to replace parenteral LEU administration by improving LEU druggability and patient compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Hai V. Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Hy D. Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Son B, Park S, Cho S, Kim JA, Baek SH, Yoo KH, Han D, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Improved Neural Inductivity of Size-Controlled 3D Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0011. [PMID: 38500782 PMCID: PMC10944702 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve the efficiency of neural development from human embryonic stem cells, human embryoid body (hEB) generation is vital through 3-dimensional formation. However, conventional approaches still have limitations: long-term cultivation and laborious steps for lineage determination. Methods: In this study, we controlled the size of hEBs for ectodermal lineage specification using cell-penetrating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which resulted in reduced time required for initial neural induction. The magnetized cells were applied to concentrated magnetic force for magnet-derived multicellular organization. The uniformly sized hEBs were differentiated in neural induction medium (NIM) and suspended condition. This neurally induced MNP-hEBs were compared with other groups. Results: As a result, the uniformly sized MNP-hEBs in NIM showed significantly improved neural inductivity through morphological analysis and expression of neural markers. Signaling pathways of the accelerated neural induction were detected via expression of representative proteins; Wnt signaling, dopaminergic neuronal pathway, intercellular communications, and mechanotransduction. Consequently, we could shorten the time necessary for early neurogenesis, thereby enhancing the neural induction efficiency. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests not only the importance of size regulation of hEBs at initial differentiation stage but also the efficacy of MNP-based neural induction method and stimulations for enhanced neural tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Yoo
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Dongoh Han
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim J, Im JH, So S, Choi Y, Kang H, Lim B, Lee M, Kim YK, Rho J. Dynamic Hyperspectral Holography Enabled by Inverse-Designed Metasurfaces with Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics. Adv Mater 2024:e2311785. [PMID: 38456592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are flat arrays of nanostructures that allow exquisite control of phase and amplitude of incident light. Although metasurfaces offer new active element for both fundamental science and applications, the challenge still remains to overcome their low information capacity and passive nature. Here, by integrating an inverse-designed-metasurface with oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal (ChOH ), simultaneous spatial and spectral tunable metasurfaces with a high information capacity for dynamic hyperspectral holography, are demonstrated. The inverse design facilitates a single-phase map encoding of ten independent holographic images at different wavelengths. ChOH provides precise spectral modulation with narrow bandwidth and wide tunable regime in response to programmed stimuli, thus enabling dynamic switching of the multicolor holography. The results provide simple and generalizable principles for the rational design of interactive metasurfaces that will find numerous applications, including security platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hong SB, Lee YJ, Lee HJ, Sim HT, Lee H, Lee YM, Kim DW. Exploring the Cathode Active Materials for Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries with High Energy Density. Small 2024; 20:e2304747. [PMID: 37847909 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered promising alternatives to current lithium-ion batteries that employ liquid electrolytes due to their high energy density and enhanced safety. Among various types of solid electrolytes, sulfide-based electrolytes are being actively studied, because they exhibit high ionic conductivity and high ductility, which enable good interfacial contacts in solid electrolytes without sintering at high temperatures. To improve the energy density of the sulfide-based ASSLBs, it is essential to increase the loading of active material in the composite cathode. In this study, the Ni-rich LiNix Coy Mn1-x-y O2 (NCM) materials are explored with different Ni content, particle size, and crystalline form to probe suitable cathode active materials for high-performance ASSLBs with high energy density. The results reveal that single-crystalline LiNi0.82 Co0.10 Mn0.08 O2 material with a small particle size exhibits the best cycling performance in the ASSLB assembled with a high mass loaded cathode (active mass loading: 26 mg cm-2 , areal capacity: 5.0 mAh cm-2 ) in terms of discharge capacity, capacity retention, and rate capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bo Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Jo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui-Tae Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyobin Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 42988, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 42988, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Battery Engineering, Hanyang University, 04763, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee T, Jang J, Nguyen NNT, Jung J, Lee J, Lee MH. Ortho-Carborane Decorated Multi-Resonance TADF Emitters: Preserving Local Excited State and High Efficiency in OLEDs. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2309016. [PMID: 38233207 PMCID: PMC10953543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of o-carboranyl luminophores, 2CB-BuDABNA (1) and 3CB-BuDABNA (2) is reported, in which o-carborane moieties are incorporated at the periphery of the B,N-doped multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) core. Both compounds maintain the inherent local emission characteristics of their MR-emitting core, exhibiting intense MR-TADF with high photoluminescence quantum yields in toluene and rigid states. In contrast, the presence of the dark lowest-energy charge transfer state, induced by cage rotation in THF, is suggested to be responsible for emission quenching in a polar solvent. Despite the different arrangement of the cage on the DABNA core, both 1 and 2 show red-shifted emissions compared to the parent compound BuDABNA (3). By utilizing 1 as the emitter, high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are achieved with a remarkable maximum external quantum efficiency of 25%, representing the highest reported efficiency for OLEDs employing an o-carboranyl luminophore as the emitter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Hun Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and 3D Convergence CenterInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and 3D Convergence CenterInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hwang J, Goh Y, Jeon S. Physics, Structures, and Applications of Fluorite-Structured Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions. Small 2024; 20:e2305271. [PMID: 37863823 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The interest in ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ) has been revitalized by the discovery of ferroelectricity in fluorite-structured oxides such as HfO2 and ZrO2 . In terms of thickness scaling, CMOS compatibility, and 3D integration, these fluorite-structured FTJs provide a number of benefits over conventional perovskite-based FTJs. Here, recent developments involving all FTJ devices with fluorite structures are examined. The transport mechanism of fluorite-structured FTJs is explored and contrasted with perovskite-based FTJs and other 2-terminal resistive switching devices starting with the operation principle and essential parameters of the tunneling electroresistance effect. The applications of FTJs, such as neuromorphic devices, logic-in-memory, and physically unclonable function, are then discussed, along with several structural approaches to fluorite-structure FTJs. Finally, the materials and device integration difficulties related to fluorite-structure FTJ devices are reviewed. The purpose of this review is to outline the theories, physics, fabrication processes, applications, and current difficulties associated with fluorite-structure FTJs while also describing potential future possibilities for optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyeon Hwang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Youngin Goh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sanghun Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leem HJ, Kim W, Park SS, Yu J, Kim YJ, Kim HS. Reinforcement of Positive Electrode-Electrolyte Interface without Using Electrolyte Additives Through Thermoelectrochemical Oxidation of LiPF 6 for Lithium Secondary Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2304814. [PMID: 37875646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the limited electrochemical stability window of carbonate electrolytes, the initial formation of a solid electrolyte interphase and surface film on the negative and positive electrode surfaces by the decomposition of the electrolyte component is inevitable for the operation of lithium secondary batteries. The deposited film on the surface of the active material is vital for reducing further electrochemical side reactions at the surface; hence, the manipulation of this formation process is necessary for the appropriate operation of the assembled battery system. In this study, the thermal decomposition of LiPF6 salt is used as a surface passivation agent, which is autocatalytically formed during high-temperature storage. The thermally formed difluorophosphoric acid is subsequently oxidized on the partially charged high-Ni positive electrode surface, which improves the cycleability of lithium metal cells via phosphorus- and fluorine-based surface film formation. Moreover, the improvement in the high-temperature cycleability is demonstrated by controlling the formation process in the lithium-ion pouch cell with a short period of high-temperature storage before battery usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Jun Leem
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontak Kim
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Park
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Yu
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kim
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam, 13509, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ko K, Kim D, Min J, Sravani B, Kim Y, Lee S, Sul T, Jang S, Jung N. Redesign of Anode Catalyst for Sustainable Survival of Fuel Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307073. [PMID: 38225690 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from severe performance degradation when operating under harsh conditions such as fuel starvation, shut-down/start-up, and open circuit voltage. A fundamental solution to these technical issues requires an integrated approach rather than condition-specific solutions. In this study, an anode catalyst based on Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in a multifunctional carbon layer (MCL), acting as a molecular sieve layer and protective layer is designed. The MCL enabled selective hydrogen oxidation reaction on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles while preventing their dissolution and agglomeration. Thus, the structural deterioration of a membrane electrode assembly can be effectively suppressed under various harsh operating conditions. The results demonstrated that redesigning the anode catalyst structure can serve as a promising strategy to maximize the service life of the current PEMFC system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keonwoo Ko
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsu Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Bathinapatla Sravani
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeok Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Sul
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Segeun Jang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgee Jung
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park T, Kim M, Lee EK, Hur J, Yoo H. Overcoming Downscaling Limitations in Organic Semiconductors: Strategies and Progress. Small 2024; 20:e2306468. [PMID: 37857588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have great potential to revolutionize electronics by enabling flexible and eco-friendly manufacturing of electronic devices on plastic film substrates. Recent research and development led to the creation of printed displays, radio-frequency identification tags, smart labels, and sensors based on organic electronics. Over the last 3 decades, significant progress has been made in realizing electronic devices with unprecedented features, such as wearable sensors, disposable electronics, and foldable displays, through the exploitation of desirable characteristics in organic electronics. Neverthless, the down-scalability of organic electronic devices remains a crucial consideration. To address this, efforts are extensively explored. It is of utmost importance to further develop these alternative patterning methods to overcome the downscaling challenge. This review comprehensively discusses the efforts and strategies aimed at overcoming the limitations of downscaling in organic semiconductors, with a particular focus on four main areas: 1) lithography-compatible organic semiconductors, 2) fine patterning of printing methods, 3) organic material deposition on pre-fabricated devices, and 4) vertical-channeled organic electronics. By discussing these areas, the full potential of organic semiconductors can be unlocked, and the field of flexible and sustainable electronics can be advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Hur
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jeon S, Lm S, Kang I, Shin D, Yu SH, Lee M, Hong J. Solution-Based Deep Prelithiation for Lithium-Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density. Small 2024:e2401295. [PMID: 38412421 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) exhibit superior power density and cyclability compared to lithium-ion batteries. However, the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of amorphous carbon anodes (e.g., hard carbon (HC) and soft carbon (SC)) limits the energy density of LICs by underutilizing cathode capacity. Here, a solution-based deep prelithiation strategy for carbon anodes is applied using a contact-ion pair dominant solution, offering high energy density based on a systematic electrode balancing based on the cathode capacity increased beyond the original theoretical limit. Increasing the anode ICE to 150% over 100%, the activated carbon (AC) capacity is doubled by activating Li+ cation storage, which unleashes rocking-chair LIC operation alongside the dual-ion-storage mechanism. The increased AC capacity results in an energy density of 106.6 Wh kg-1 AC+SC , equivalent to 281% of that of LICs without prelithiation. Moreover, this process lowers the cathode-anode mass ratio, reducing the cell thickness by 67% without compromising the cell capacity. This solution-based deep chemical prelithiation promises high-energy LICs based on transition metal-free, earth-abundant active materials to meet the practical demands of power-intensive applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungyun Jeon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sehee Lm
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Inyeong Kang
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Dongki Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Minah Lee
- Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Hong
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Na Y, Kim C, Kim K, Kim TH, Kwon SH, Kang IS, Jung YW, Kim TW, Cho DH, An J, Lee JK, Park J. Quarter-Annulus Si-Photodetector with Equal Inner and Outer Radii of Curvature for Reflective Photoplethysmography Sensors. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:109. [PMID: 38392028 PMCID: PMC10886646 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Reflection-type photoplethysmography (PPG) pulse sensors used in wearable smart watches, true wireless stereo, etc., have been recently considered a key component for monitoring biological signals such as heart rate, SPO3, and blood pressure. Typically, the optical front end (OFE) of these PPG sensors is heterogeneously configured and packaged with light sources and receiver chips. In this paper, a novel quarter-annulus photodetector (NQAPD) with identical inner and outer radii of curvature has been developed using a plasma dicing process to realize a ring-type OFE receiver, which maximizes manufacturing efficiency and increases the detector collection area by 36.7% compared to the rectangular PD. The fabricated NQAPD exhibits a high quantum efficiency of over 90% in the wavelength of 500 nm to 740 nm and the highest quantum efficiency of 95% with a responsivity of 0.41 A/W at the wavelength of 530 nm. Also, the NQAPD is shown to increase the SNR of the PPG signal by 5 to 7.6 dB compared to the eight rectangular PDs. Thus, reflective PPG sensors constructed with NQAPD can be applied to various wearable devices requiring low power consumption, high performance, and cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Na
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Chaehwan Kim
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Keunhoi Kim
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kwon
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Il-Suk Kang
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Young Woo Jung
- Sensor & Package Business Division, Partron Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.J.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Sensor & Package Business Division, Partron Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.J.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Deok-Ho Cho
- Research Department, Sigetronics Inc., Wanju-gun 55314, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihwan An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si 37673, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Kwon Lee
- Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si 28503, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongcheol Park
- Nano Convergence Technology Division, National Nano Fab Center, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (C.K.); (K.K.); (T.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oh JY, Lee Y, Lee TW. Skin-Mountable Functional Electronic Materials for Bio-Integrated Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303797. [PMID: 38368254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Skin-mountable electronic materials are being intensively evaluated for use in bio-integrated devices that can mutually interact with the human body. Over the past decade, functional electronic materials inspired by the skin are developed with new functionalities to address the limitations of traditional electronic materials for bio-integrated devices. Herein, the recent progress in skin-mountable functional electronic materials for skin-like electronics is introduced with a focus on five perspectives that entail essential functionalities: stretchability, self-healing ability, biocompatibility, breathability, and biodegradability. All functionalities are advanced with each strategy through rational material designs. The skin-mountable functional materials enable the fabrication of bio-integrated electronic devices, which can lead to new paradigms of electronics combining with the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Molecular Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Son JY, Lee KY, Lee SH, Choi CH. Effects of Oxidized Metal Powders on Pore Defects in Powder-Fed Direct Energy Deposition. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:243. [PMID: 38398972 PMCID: PMC10893081 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Laser-based additive manufacturing processes, particularly direct energy deposition (DED), have gained prominence for fabricating complex, functionally graded, or customized parts. DED employs a high-powered heat source to melt metallic powder or wire, enabling precise control of grain structures and the production of high-strength objects. However, common defects, such as a lack of fusion and pores between layers or beads, can compromise the mechanical properties of the printed components. This study focuses on investigating the recurrent causes of pore defects in the powder-fed DED process, with a specific emphasis on the influence of oxidized metal powders. This research explores the impact of intentionally oxidizing metal powders of hot work tool steel H13 by exposing them to regulated humidity and temperature conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results demonstrate the clumping of powders and the deposition of iron oxides in the oxidized powders at elevated temperatures (70 °C for 72 h). Multi-layered depositions of the oxidized H13 powders on STD61 substrate do not show significant differences in cross sections among specimens, suggesting that oxidation does not visibly form large pores. However, fine pores, detected through CT scanning, are observed in depositions of oxidized powders at higher temperatures. These fine pores, typically less than 250 µm in diameter, are irregularly distributed throughout the deposition, indicating a potential degradation in mechanical properties. The findings highlight the need for careful consideration of oxidation effects in optimizing process parameters for enhanced additive manufacturing quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Youn Son
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;
| | - Ki-Yong Lee
- Automotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, SeongDong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar M, Kim D, Seo H. Flexo-Pyrophotronic Effect Modulated Giant Near Infrared Photoresponse from VO 2 -Based Heterojunction for Optical Communication. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300425. [PMID: 37423964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The flexoelectric phenomenon, which occurs when materials undergo mechanical deformation and cause strain gradients and a related spontaneous electric polarization field, can result in wide variety of energy- and cost-saving mechano-opto-electronics, such as night vision, communication, and security. However, accurate sensing of weak intensities under self-powered conditions with stable photocurrent and rapid temporal response remains essential despite the challenges related to having suitable band alignment and high junction quality. Taking use of the flexoelectric phenomena, it is shown that a centrosymmetric VO2 -based heterojunction exhibits a self-powered (i.e., 0 V), infrared (λ = 940 nm) photoresponse. Specifically, the device shows giant current modulation (103 %), good responsivity of >2.4 mA W-1 , reasonable specific detectivity of ≈1010 Jones, and a fast response speed of 0.5 ms, even at the nanoscale modulation. Through manipulation of the applied inhomogeneous force, the sensitivity of the infrared response is enhanced (> 640%). Ultrafast night optical communication like Morse code distress (SOS) signal sensing and high-performing obstacle sensors with potential impact alarms are created as proof-of-concept applications. These findings validate the potential of emerging mechanoelectrical coupling for a wide variety of novel applications, including mechanoptical switches, photovoltaics, sensors, and autonomous vehicles, which require tunable optoelectronic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukhwan Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu C, Kang HW, Jung SW, Liu ML, Lee YJ, Park JH, Kang NY, Kim MG, Yoo SJ, Park CH, Lee YM. High Free Volume Polyelectrolytes for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers with a Current Density of 13.39 A cm -2 and a Durability of 1000 h. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306988. [PMID: 38044283 PMCID: PMC10837377 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of the current anion exchange polyelectrolytes (AEPs) is challenging to meet the requirements of both high performance and durability in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). Herein, highly-rigid-twisted spirobisindane monomer is incorporated in poly(aryl-co-aryl piperidinium) backbone to construct continuous ionic channels and to maintain dimensional stability as promising materials for AEPs. The morphologies, physical, and electrochemical properties of the AEPs are investigated based on experimental data and molecular dynamics simulations. The present AEPs possess high free volumes, excellent dimensional stability, hydroxide conductivity (208.1 mS cm-1 at 80 °C), and mechanical properties. The AEMWE of the present AEPs achieves a new current density record of 13.39 and 10.7 A cm-2 at 80 °C by applying IrO2 and nonprecious anode catalyst, respectively, along with outstanding in situ durability under 1 A cm-2 for 1000 h with a low voltage decay rate of 53 µV h-1 . Moreover, the AEPs can be applied in fuel cells and reach a power density of 2.02 W cm-2 at 80 °C under fully humidified conditions, and 1.65 W cm-2 at 100 °C, 30% relative humidity. This study provides insights into the design of high-performance AEPs for energy conversion devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hu
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeong Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yoon Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Geun Kim
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Moo Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee SS, Oh YR, Jang YA, Han SY, Eom GT. All lactose-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas taetrolens, a highly efficient lactobionic acid-producing microorganism, are pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent enzymes. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-023-00477-4. [PMID: 38294585 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In previous and present studies, four enzymes (GCD1, GCD3, GCD4, and MQO1) have been found to act as lactose-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas taetrolens. To investigate whether the four enzymes were the only lactose-oxidizing enzymes of P. taetrolens, we performed the inactivation of gcd1, gcd3, gcd4, and mqo1 genes in P. taetrolens. Compared to the wild-type strain, the lactobionic acid (LBA)-producing ability of P. taetrolens ∆gcd1 ∆gcd3 ∆gcd4 ∆mqo1 was only slightly decreased, implying that P. taetrolens possesses more lactose-oxidizing enzymes. Interestingly, the four lactose-oxidizing enzymes were all pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent. To identify other unidentified lactose-oxidizing enzymes of P. taetrolens, we prevented the synthesis of PQQ in P. taetrolens by inactivating the genes related to PQQ synthesis such as pqqC, pqqD, and pqqE. Surprisingly, all three knocked-out strains were unable to convert lactose to LBA, indicating that all lactose-oxidizing enzymes in P. taetrolens were inactivated by eliminating PQQ synthesis. In addition, external PQQ supplementation restored the LBA production ability of P. taetrolens ∆pqqC, comparable to the wild-type strain. These results indicate that all lactose-oxidizing enzymes in P. taetrolens are PQQ-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Lee
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-Ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-Ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Jang
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-Ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Han
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-Ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-Ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hong SM, Kwon HJ, Sun JM, Lee CW. Synthesis and Characteristic Valuation of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrode Binder for In-Mold Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:375. [PMID: 38337264 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A polyurethane series (PHEI-PU) was prepared via a one-shot bulk polymerization method using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), polycarbonate diol (PCD), and isosorbide derivatives (ISBD) as chain extenders. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM), and the thermal properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PHEI-PU series exhibited excellent mechanical properties with an average tensile strength of 44.71 MPa and an elongation at break of 190%. To verify the applicability of different proportions of PU as an electrode binder, PU and Ag flakes were mixed (30/70 wt%) and coated on PCT substrates, the electrodes were evaluated by four-point probe before and after 50% elongation, and the dispersion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical resistance change rate of PHEI-PU series was less than 20%, and a coating layer with well-dispersed silver flakes was confirmed even after stretching. Therefore, it exhibited excellent physical properties, heat resistance, and electrical resistance change rate, confirming its applicability as an electrode binder for in-mold coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Min Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chil Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Choi SJ, Seo EJ, Bae HE, Jung HC, Lee SH, Kim JC, Jung YJ, Park JS, Jeong JE, Park YI. Anti-counterfeiting fiber system with near-infrared wavelength selectivity based on photothermal and thermochromic dyes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3560-3566. [PMID: 38264271 PMCID: PMC10804058 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-counterfeiting (ACF) technology plays a crucial role in distinguishing genuine products from counterfeits, as well as in identity verification. Moreover, it serves as a protective measure for safeguarding the rights of individuals, companies, and governments. In this study, a high-level ACF technology was developed using a color-conversion system based on the photothermal effect of near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Diimonium dye (DID), which is a photothermal dye, was selected because it is an NIR absorbing dye with over 98% transparency in the visible light (vis) region. Due to the photothermal properties of DID, the temperature increased to approximately 65 °C at 1064 nm and 39 °C at 808 nm, respectively. Additionally, we employed a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct dye, a thermochromic dye, which exhibits reversible color change due to heat (red color) and light (colorless). Our ACF technology was applied to the brand-protecting fiber utilizing the difference in photothermal temperature according to the NIR wavelength. We successfully implemented anti-counterfeit clothing using alphabet K labels that could distinguish between genuine and counterfeit products by irradiating with specific NIR wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Seo
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Cheol Jung
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong S Park
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Park
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim HJ, Choi JH, Lee S, Han GS, Jung HS. Facet-Controlled Growth of Hydroxyapatite for Effectively Removing Pb from Aqueous Solutions. ACS Omega 2024; 9:2730-2739. [PMID: 38250348 PMCID: PMC10795148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To address the growing concerns regarding severe water pollution, effective and environmentally friendly adsorbents must be identified. In this study, we prepared hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) as an eco-friendly absorbent via simple precipitation and obtained rod- (r-HAp) and plate-shaped HAp (p-HAp). The approach to obtaining p-HAp involved a low pH titration rate, promoting growth along the c-axis due to the adsorption of OH- on the (110) facet. Conversely, r-HAp was obtained by maintaining a high concentration of OH- during the initial stage through rapid pH titration, leading to a stronger restrictive effect on the growth of positively charged a(b)-planes. p-HAp demonstrated superior adsorption capacity, removing Pb through dissolution and recrystallization, achieving an impressive 625 mg/g within a 60 min reaction time compared to r-HAp. Our findings afford insights into the Pb removal mechanisms of HAp with different morphologies and can aid in the development of water purification strategies against heavy metal contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Choi
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - SangMyeong Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gill Sang Han
- Division
of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu C, Kang NY, Kang HW, Lee JY, Zhang X, Lee YJ, Jung SW, Park JH, Kim MG, Yoo SJ, Lee SY, Park CH, Lee YM. Triptycene Branched Poly(aryl-co-aryl piperidinium) Electrolytes for Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316697. [PMID: 38063325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline polymer electrolytes (APEs) are essential materials for alkaline energy conversion devices such as anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). Here, we report a series of branched poly(aryl-co-aryl piperidinium) with different branching agents (triptycene: highly-rigid, three-dimensional structure; triphenylbenzene: planar, two-dimensional structure) for high-performance APEs. Among them, triptycene branched APEs showed excellent hydroxide conductivity (193.5 mS cm-1 @80 °C), alkaline stability, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability due to the formation of branched network structures, and increased free volume. AEMFCs based on triptycene-branched APEs reached promising peak power densities of 2.503 and 1.705 W cm-2 at 75/100 % and 30/30 % (anode/cathode) relative humidity, respectively. In addition, the fuel cells can run stably at a current density of 0.6 A cm-2 for 500 h with a low voltage decay rate of 46 μV h-1 . Importantly, the related AEMWE achieved unprecedented current densities of 16 A cm-2 and 14.17 A cm-2 (@2 V, 80 °C, 1 M NaOH) using precious and non-precious metal catalysts, respectively. Moreover, the AEMWE can be stably operated under 1.5 A cm-2 at 60 °C for 2000 h. The excellent results suggest that the triptycene-branched APEs are promising candidates for future AEMFC and AEMWE applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hu
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yoon Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Hydrogen⋅Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeong Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Geun Kim
- Hydrogen⋅Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Hydrogen⋅Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of. Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Hydrogen⋅Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Moo Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jun S, Lee G, Song YB, Lim H, Baeck KH, Lee ES, Kim JY, Kim DW, Park JH, Jung YS. Interlayer Engineering and Prelithiation: Empowering Si Anodes for Low-Pressure-Operating All-Solid-State Batteries. Small 2024:e2309437. [PMID: 38221689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) anodes, free from the dendritic growth concerns found in lithium (Li) metal anodes, offer a promising alternative for high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, most advancements in Si anodes have been achieved under impractical high operating pressures, which can mask detrimental electrochemo-mechanical issues. Herein, we effectively address the challenges related to the low-pressure operation of Si anodes in ASSBs by introducing an silver (Ag) interlayer between the solid electrolyte layer (Li6 PS5 Cl) and anode and prelithiating the anodes. The Si composite electrodes, consisting of Si/polyvinylidene fluoride/carbon nanotubes, are optimized for suitable mechanical properties and electrical connectivity. Although the impact of the Ag interlayer is insignificant at an exceedingly high operating pressure of 70 MPa, it substantially enhances the interfacial contacts under a practical low operating pressure of 15 MPa. Thus, Ag-coated Si anodes outperform bare Si anodes (discharge capacity: 2430 vs 1560 mA h g-1 ). The robust interfacial contact is attributed to the deformable, adhesive properties and protective role of the in situ lithiated Ag interlayer, as evidenced by comprehensive ex situ analyses. Operando electrochemical pressiometry is used effectively to probe the strong interface for Ag-coated Si anodes. Furthermore, prelithiation through the thermal evaporation deposition of Li metal significantly improves the cycling performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunggoo Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gwanghyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haechannara Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Baeck
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eun Suh Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kang B, Park SV, Oh SS. Ionic liquid-caged nucleic acids enable active folding-based molecular recognition with hydrolysis resistance. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:73-86. [PMID: 37994697 PMCID: PMC10783497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond storage and transmission of genetic information in cellular life, nucleic acids can perform diverse interesting functions, including specific target recognition and biochemical reaction acceleration; the versatile biopolymers, however, are acutely vulnerable to hydrolysis-driven degradation. Here, we demonstrate that the cage effect of choline dihydrogen phosphate permits active folding of nucleic acids like water, but prevents their phosphodiester hydrolysis unlike water. The choline-based ionic liquid not only serves as a universal inhibitor of nucleases, exceptionally extending half-lives of nucleic acids up to 6 500 000 times, but highly useful tasks of nucleic acids (e.g. mRNA detection of molecular beacons, ligand recognition of aptamers, and transesterification reaction of ribozymes) can be also conducted with well-conserved affinities and specificities. As liberated from the function loss and degradation risk, the presence of undesired and unknown nucleases does not undermine desired molecular functions of nucleic acids without hydrolysis artifacts even in nuclease cocktails and human saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byunghwa Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Soyeon V Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vuppala S, Chitumalla RK, Choi S, Kim T, Park H, Jang J. Machine Learning-Assisted Computational Screening of Adhesive Molecules Derived from Dihydroxyphenyl Alanine. ACS Omega 2024; 9:994-1000. [PMID: 38222596 PMCID: PMC10785072 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Marine mussels adhere to virtually any surface via 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanines (L-DOPA), an amino acid largely contained in their foot proteins. The biofriendly, water-repellent, and strong adhesion of L-DOPA are unparalleled by any synthetic adhesive. Inspired by this, we computationally designed diverse derivatives of DOPA and studied their potential as adhesives or coating materials. We used first-principles calculations to investigate the adsorption of the DOPA derivatives on graphite. The presence of an electron-withdrawing group, such as nitrogen dioxide, strengthens the adsorption by increasing the π-π interaction between DOPA and graphite. To quantify the distribution of electron charge and to gain insights into the charge distribution at interfaces, we performed Bader charge analysis and examined charge density difference plots. We developed a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the adsorption energy. Using the three-dimensional and quantum mechanical electrostatic potential of a molecule as a descriptor, the present quantum NN model shows promising performance as a predictive QSPR model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srimai Vuppala
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seyong Choi
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong
University, Seoul 05006, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong
University, Seoul 05006, Republic
of Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Park SH, Jeoung HJ, Lee TH, Sohn HS, Kang J. Development of deoxidation process for off-grade titanium sponge using magnesium metal with wire mesh strainer type of crucible. Sci Rep 2024; 14:542. [PMID: 38177401 PMCID: PMC10766949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the deoxidation process for off-grade titanium (Ti) sponge using magnesium (Mg) metal with a wire mesh strainer type of crucible was developed. Ti hydride (TiH2) feedstock, which was prepared by hydrogenating off-grade Ti sponge, was deoxidized using Mg in a molten magnesium chloride-potassium chloride salt at 933 K under an argon and 20% hydrogen (H2) mixed gas atmosphere. After deoxidation, the residual Mg-containing salt was separated in situ from the crucible to investigate the feasibility of minimizing salt loss during the leaching and production of pure TiH2. The results showed that the presence of residual Mg-containing salt inside the crucible strongly influenced whether a mixture of Ti and TiH2 or pure TiH2 was produced. When the salt was not sufficiently separated, a mixture of Ti and TiH2 was obtained and its oxygen (O) concentration was 0.121 mass% under certain conditions. Meanwhile, pure TiH2 was obtained by increasing the H2 gas flow rate during deoxidation. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the decrease of O concentration to below 0.180 mass% and the minimal loss of the salt are feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hun Park
- Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Jeoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Lee
- Resources Utilization Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Sohn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungshin Kang
- Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mok JH, Joo M, Cho S, Duong VA, Song H, Park JM, Lee H. Optimizing MS-Based Multi-Omics: Comparative Analysis of Protein, Metabolite, and Lipid Extraction Techniques. Metabolites 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38248837 PMCID: PMC10820684 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics integrates diverse types of biological information from genomic, proteomic, and metabolomics experiments to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex cellular mechanisms. However, this approach is also challenging due to technical issues such as limited sample quantities, the complexity of data pre-processing, and reproducibility concerns. Furthermore, existing studies have primarily focused on technical performance assessment and the presentation of modified protocols through quantitative comparisons of the identified protein counts. Nevertheless, the specific differences in these comparisons have been minimally investigated. Here, findings obtained from various omics approaches were profiled using various extraction methods (methanol extraction, the Folch method, and Matyash methods for metabolites and lipids) and two digestion methods (filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) and suspension traps (S-Trap)) for resuspended proteins. FASP was found to be more effective for the identification of membrane-related proteins, whereas S-Trap excelled in isolating nuclear-related and RNA-processing proteins. Thus, FASP may be suitable for investigating the immune response and bacterial infection pathways, whereas S-Trap may be more effective for studies focused on the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, regarding the choice of extraction method, the single-phase method identified organic compounds and compounds related to fatty acids, whereas the two-phase extraction method identified more hydrophilic compounds such as nucleotides. Lipids with strong hydrophobicity, such as ChE and TG, were identified in the two-phase extraction results. These findings highlight that significant differences among small molecules are primarily identified due to the varying polarities of extraction solvents. These results, obtained by considering variables such as human error and batch effects in the sample preparation step, offer comprehensive and detailed results not previously provided by existing studies, thereby aiding in the selection of the most suitable pre-processing approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Mok
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 115, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minjoong Joo
- Basilbiotech, 157-20, Sinsong-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22002, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Seonghyeon Cho
- Basilbiotech, 157-20, Sinsong-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22002, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Van-An Duong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; (V.-A.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Haneul Song
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; (V.-A.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Basilbiotech, 157-20, Sinsong-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22002, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Hookeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; (V.-A.D.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jang WY, Pyun JC, Chang JH. Comparative In Vitro Dissolution Assessment of Calcined and Uncalcined Hydroxyapatite Using Differences in Bioresorbability and Biomineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:621. [PMID: 38203791 PMCID: PMC10779548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports the effect of the not-calcining process on the bioresorption and biomineralization of hydroxyapatite through in vitro dissolution assessment. The prepared calcined hydroxyapatite (c-HAp) and uncalcined hydroxyapatite (unc-HAp) have a particle size of 2 μm and 13 μm, surface areas of 4.47 m2/g and 108.08 m2/g, and a Ca/P ratio of 1.66 and 1.52, respectively. In vitro dissolution assessments of c-HAp and unc-HAp were performed for 20 days at 37 °C in a citric acid buffer according to ISO 10993-14. During the dissolution, the c-HAp and unc-HAp confirmed an increase in weight, and the calcium and phosphorous ions were rapidly released. The calcium ions released from c-HAp formed rod-shaped particles with a longer and thinner morphology, while in unc-HAp, they appeared thicker and shorter. In the ICP-OES results, the concentrations of calcium elements were initially increased and then decreased by this formation. The rod-shaped particles identified as calcium citrate (Ca-citrate) through the XRD pattern. The calcium content of Ca-citrate particles from unc-HAp was higher than that from c-HAp. The unc-HAp demonstrated non-toxic properties in a cytotoxicity evaluation. Therefore, due to its higher bioresorption and biomineralization, unc-HAp exhibits enhanced biocompatibility compared to c-HAp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Jang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 28160, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jin HJ, Seong C, Choi GW, Seo JY, Son MK. Solution-processed Sb 2Se 3 photocathodes under Se-rich conditions and their photoelectrochemical properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:59-66. [PMID: 38173566 PMCID: PMC10762725 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, selenium (Se)-rich antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) films were fabricated by applying a solution process with the solvents ethylenediamine and 2-mercaptoethanol to optimize the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of the Sb2Se3 photocathode. Various antimony (Sb)-Se precursor solutions with different molar ratios of Sb and Se (Sb : Se = 1 : 1.5, 1 : 3, 1 : 4.5, 1 : 7.5, and 1 : 9) were prepared to attain Se-rich fabrication conditions. As a result, the Se-rich Sb2Se3 films fabricated using the Sb-Se precursor solution with a molar ratio of Sb : Se = 1 : 7.5 exhibited an improved PEC performance, compared to the stoichiometric Sb2Se3 film. The charge transport was improved by the abundant Se element and thin selenium oxide (Se2O3) layer in the Se-rich Sb2Se3 film, resulting in a decrease in Se vacancies and substitutional defects. Moreover, the light utilization in the long wavelength region above 800 nm was enhanced by the light-trapping effect because of the nanowire structure in the Se-rich Sb2Se3 film. Hence, the optimal Se-rich Sb2Se3 photocathodes showed an improved photocurrent density of -0.24 mA cm-2 at the hydrogen evolution reaction potential that was three times higher than that of the stoichiometric Sb2Se3 photocathodes (-0.08 mA cm-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin Jin
- Nano Convergence Materials Center, Emerging Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET) Jinju 52851 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyong Seong
- Nano Convergence Materials Center, Emerging Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET) Jinju 52851 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Wan Choi
- Nano Convergence Materials Center, Emerging Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET) Jinju 52851 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Seo
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Son
- Nano Convergence Materials Center, Emerging Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET) Jinju 52851 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim J, So B, Heo Y, So H, Jo JK. Penile Erection Morphometry: The Need for a Novel Approach. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e2. [PMID: 38164024 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
For many males, sexual function holds significant value in determining their quality of life. Despite the importance of male erectile function, no quantitative method to measure it accurately is currently available. Standardized assessment methods such as RigiScan™, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and the stamp test are used to evaluate sexual function, but those methods cannot repetitively and quantitatively measure erectile function. Only direct measurement can quantitatively assess the shape of an erect penis. This paper presents the essential requirements for developing an ideal measurement method for penile erection. It also introduces current approaches for diagnosing male sexual function and reviews ongoing research to quantitatively measure erectile function. The paper further summarizes and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method with respect to the essential requirements. Finally, the paper discusses the future direction toward the development of Penile Erection Morphometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongchan So
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongki Heo
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Ki Jo
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim J, So B, Heo Y, So H, Jo JK. Advances in Male Contraception: When Will the Novel Male Contraception be Available? World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e1. [PMID: 38164023 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Many contraceptive methods have been developed over the years due to high demand. However, female contraceptive pills and devices do not work for all females due to health conditions and side effects. Also, the number of males who want to actively participate in family planning is gradually increasing. However, the only contraceptive options currently available to males are condoms and vasectomy. Therefore, many male contraceptive methods, including medication (hormonal and non-hormonal therapy) and mechanical methods, are under development. Reversibility, safety, persistence, degree of invasion, promptness, and the suppression of anti-sperm antibody formation are essential factors in the development of male contraceptive methods. In this paper, male contraceptive methods under development are reviewed according to those essential factors. Furthermore, the timeline for the availability of a new male contraception is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongchan So
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongki Heo
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Ki Jo
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahn N, Choi M. Towards Long-Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Stabilization Techniques. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306110. [PMID: 37997198 PMCID: PMC10811515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is certain that perovskite materials must be a game-changer in the solar industry as long as their stability reaches a level comparable with the lifetime of a commercialized Si photovoltaic. However, the operational stability of perovskite solar cells and modules still remains unresolved, especially when devices operate in practical energy-harvesting modes represented by maximum power point tracking under 1 sun illumination at ambient conditions. This review article covers from fundamental aspects of perovskite instability including chemical decomposition pathways under light soaking and electrical bias, to recent advances and techniques that effectively prevent such degradation of perovskite solar cells and modules. In particular, fundamental causes for permanent degradation due to ion migration and trapped charges are overviewed and explain their interplay between ions and charges. Based on the degradation mechanism, recent advances on the strategies are discussed to slow down the degradation during operation for a practical use of perovskite-based solar devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namyoung Ahn
- Chemistry DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy SystemsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mun JS, Mun SP. Structural and Thermal Characterization of Milled Wood Lignin from Bamboo ( Phyllostachys pubescens) Grown in Korea. Molecules 2023; 29:183. [PMID: 38202765 PMCID: PMC10780058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The structural and thermal characterization of milled wood lignin (MWL) prepared from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) grown in Korea was investigated, and the results were compared with bamboo MWLs from other studies. The C9 formula of the bamboo MWL was C9H7.76O3.23N0.02 (OCH3)1.41. The Mw and Mn of MWL were 13,000 and 4400 Da, respectively, which resulted in a polydispersity index (PDI) of 3.0. The PDI of the prepared MWL was higher than other bamboo MWLs (1.3-2.2), suggesting a broader molecular weight distribution. The structural features of MWL were elucidated using FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR techniques (1H, 13C, HSQC, 31P NMR), which indicate that MWL is of the HGS-type lignin. The major lignin linkages (β-O-4, β-β, β-5) were not different from other bamboo MWLs. The syringyl/guaiacyl ratio, determined from 1H NMR, was calculated as 0.89. 31P NMR revealed variations in hydroxyl content, with a higher aliphatic hydroxyl content in MWL compared to other bamboo MWLs. Thermal properties were investigated through TGA, DSC, and pyrolysis-GC/MS spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The DTGmax of MWL under inert conditions was 287 °C, and the Tg of MWL was 159 °C. Py-GC/MS at 675 °C revealed a syringyl, guaiacyl, p-hydroxyphenyl composition of 17:37:47.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Mun
- Department of Carbon Materials and Fiber Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Phil Mun
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ko YH, Nguyen HHT, Branstetter CR, Park S, Lee JK, Yang J, Jung JP, Kim M. Single-Component Hydrophilic Terpolymer Thin Film Systems for Imparting Surface Chemical Versatility on Various Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38201709 PMCID: PMC10780973 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a single-component hydrophilic photocrosslinkable copolymer system that incorporates all critical functionalities into one chain. This design allows for the creation of uniform functional organic coatings on a variety of substrates. The copolymers were composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)-containing monomer, a monomer that can release a primary amine upon UV light, and a monomer with reactive epoxide or cyclic dithiocarbonate with a primary amine. These copolymers are easily incorporated into the solution-casting process using polar solvents. Furthermore, the resulting coating can be readily stabilized through UV light-induced crosslinking, providing an advantage for controlling the surface properties of various substrates. The photocrosslinking capability further enables us to photolithographically define stable polymer domains in a desirable region. The resulting copolymer coatings were chemically versatile in immobilizing complex molecules by (i) post-crosslinking functionalization with the reactive groups on the surface and (ii) the formation of a composite coating by mixing varying amounts of a protein of interest, i.e., fish skin gelatin, which can form a uniform dual crosslinked network. The number of functionalization sites in a thin film could be controlled by tuning the composition of the copolymers. In photocrosslinking and subsequent functionalizations, we assessed the reactivity of the epoxide and cyclic dithiocarbonate with the generated primary amine. Moreover, the orthogonality of the possible reactions of the presented reactive functionalities in the crosslinked thin films with complex molecules is assessed. The resulting copolymer coatings were further utilized to define a hydrophobic surface or an active surface for the adhesion of biological objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Hai Ha Tran Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Soeun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.); (H.H.T.N.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ju DU, Park D, Kim IH, Kim S, Yoo HM. Development of Human Rhinovirus RNA Reference Material Using Digital PCR. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2210. [PMID: 38137032 PMCID: PMC10742479 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human rhinovirus (RV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that causes respiratory tract diseases affecting both the upper and lower halves of the respiratory system. RV enhances its replication by concentrating RNA synthesis within a modified host membrane in an intracellular compartment. RV infections often occur alongside infections caused by other respiratory viruses, and the RV virus may remain asymptomatic for extended periods. Alongside qualitative detection, it is essential to accurately quantify RV RNA from clinical samples to explore the relationships between RV viral load, infections caused by the virus, and the resulting symptoms observed in patients. A reference material (RM) is required for quality evaluation, the performance evaluation of molecular diagnostic products, and evaluation of antiviral agents in the laboratory. The preparation process for the RM involves creating an RV RNA mixture by combining RV viral RNA with RNA storage solution and matrix. The resulting RV RNA mixture is scaled up to a volume of 25 mL, then dispensed at 100 µL per vial and stored at -80 °C. The process of measuring the stability and homogeneity of RV RMs was conducted by employing reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR). Digital PCR is useful for the analysis of standards and can help to improve measurement compatibility: it represents the equivalence of a series of outcomes for reference materials and samples being analyzed when a few measurement procedures are employed, enabling objective comparisons between quantitative findings obtained through various experiments. The number of copies value represents a measured result of approximately 1.6 × 105 copies/μL. The RM has about an 11% bottle-to-bottle homogeneity and shows stable results for 1 week at temperatures of 4 °C and -20 °C and for 12 months at a temperature of -80 °C. The developed RM can enhance the dependability of RV molecular tests by providing a precise reference value for the absolute copy number of a viral target gene. Additionally, it can serve as a reference for diverse studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong U Ju
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Park
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Kim
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yoo JG, Kim TH, Cha HR, Kim YD, Lee JG. Design of High-Remanence Nd-Fe-B Hot-Pressed Magnets by Manipulating Coercivity of Hydrogenation-Disproportionation-Desorption-Recombination Treated Anisotropic Precursors. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7599. [PMID: 38138741 PMCID: PMC10744549 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method of manipulating the coercivity of anisotropic hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) powders to fabricate high-remanence and fine-grained Nd-Fe-B magnets using only hot-pressing without a subsequent hot-deformation process. By reducing the Nd content of anisotropic HDDR precursors such that their coercivity (Hcj) is lowered, the c-axis of each HDDR particle is well-aligned parallel to the direction of the applied magnetic field during the magnetic alignment step. This is because the magnetic repulsive force between adjacent particles, determined by their remanent magnetization, decreases as a result of the low coercivity of each particle. Therefore, after hot-pressing the low-Hcj HDDR powders, a significantly higher remanence (11.2 kG) is achieved in the bulk than that achieved by hot-pressing the high-Hcj HDDR powders (8.2 kG). It is clearly confirmed by the large-scale electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis that the alignment of the c-axis of each anisotropic HDDR particle in the bulk is improved when low-Hcj HDDR powders are used to fabricate hot-pressed magnets. This coercivity manipulation of HDDR powders can be a helpful method to expand the use of HDDR powders in fabricating anisotropic Nd-Fe-B bulk magnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyeong Yoo
- Department of Magnetic Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (J.-G.Y.); (T.-H.K.); (H.-R.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Magnetic Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (J.-G.Y.); (T.-H.K.); (H.-R.C.)
| | - Hee-Ryoung Cha
- Department of Magnetic Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (J.-G.Y.); (T.-H.K.); (H.-R.C.)
| | - Yang-Do Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Goo Lee
- Department of Magnetic Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (J.-G.Y.); (T.-H.K.); (H.-R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Seo EJ, Jung H, Jeong JE, Lee SH, Kim JC, Kim DY, Kim S, Lee KC, Park YI. Development of radical initiator based on o-imino-isourea capable of photo/thermal polymerization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:36364-36372. [PMID: 38099255 PMCID: PMC10719897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Using o-imino isourea, three photo- and thermal dual-responsive radical initiators dicyheDCC, CyheDCC, and BnDCC were systematically developed and synthesized. By adding an aromatic ring to the free radical initiators, the ultraviolet-visible absorption was redshifted, and the absorption coefficient was increased. Compared with other initiators, BnphDCC exhibited an exceptional photoinitiation rate under photo-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a high absorption coefficient (ε = 15 420 M-1 cm-1). Therefore, it is an appropriate potential photoinitiator. DicyheDCC, which was composed of a cyclic hydrocarbon, exhibited rapid thermal initiation (Tpeak = 82 °C) during thermal DSC, making it a valuable thermal radical initiator. Because of the low stiffness of the N-O link in radical initiators, density functional theory predicts that the aliphatic ring has a significantly lower enthalpy than the aromatic ring. Moreover, in this study, CyhephDCC and BnphDCC, as dual-responsive radical initiators, indicated the potential for a photo- and heat dual-curing system through the universal free-radical polymerization of acrylates. These significant discoveries may be useful for developing efficient and diversified polymer network systems that require synergistic photo- and thermal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Seo
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry·Food Science Technology, Dong-Eui University 176 Eomgwangro Busan 47340 South Korea
| | - Hyocheol Jung
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungju Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry·Food Science Technology, Dong-Eui University 176 Eomgwangro Busan 47340 South Korea
| | - Kyu Cheol Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry·Food Science Technology, Dong-Eui University 176 Eomgwangro Busan 47340 South Korea
| | - Young Il Park
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pham TD, Duong MT, Ho QT, Lee S, Hong MC. CNN-Based Facial Expression Recognition with Simultaneous Consideration of Inter-Class and Intra-Class Variations. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9658. [PMID: 38139503 PMCID: PMC10748264 DOI: 10.3390/s23249658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Facial expression recognition is crucial for understanding human emotions and nonverbal communication. With the growing prevalence of facial recognition technology and its various applications, accurate and efficient facial expression recognition has become a significant research area. However, most previous methods have focused on designing unique deep-learning architectures while overlooking the loss function. This study presents a new loss function that allows simultaneous consideration of inter- and intra-class variations to be applied to CNN architecture for facial expression recognition. More concretely, this loss function reduces the intra-class variations by minimizing the distances between the deep features and their corresponding class centers. It also increases the inter-class variations by maximizing the distances between deep features and their non-corresponding class centers, and the distances between different class centers. Numerical results from several benchmark facial expression databases, such as Cohn-Kanade Plus, Oulu-Casia, MMI, and FER2013, are provided to prove the capability of the proposed loss function compared with existing ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Dong Pham
- Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (T.-D.P.); (M.-T.D.); (Q.-T.H.)
| | - Minh-Thien Duong
- Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (T.-D.P.); (M.-T.D.); (Q.-T.H.)
| | - Quoc-Thien Ho
- Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (T.-D.P.); (M.-T.D.); (Q.-T.H.)
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Department of Intelligent Semiconductor, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Cheol Hong
- School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jeong Y, Park S, Kwon E, Hur YM, You YA, Kim SM, Lee G, Lee KA, Kim SJ, Cho GJ, Oh MJ, Na SH, Lee SJ, Bae JG, Kim YH, Lee SJ, Kim YH, Kim YJ. Personal exposure of PM 2.5 and metabolic syndrome markers of pregnant women in South Korea: APPO study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:123893-123906. [PMID: 37996573 PMCID: PMC10746774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between exposure to PM2.5, focused on individual exposure level, and metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy. APPO study (Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcome) was a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study conducted from January 2021 to March 2023. Individual PM2.5 concentrations were calculated using a time-weighted average model. Metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy was assessed based on a modified definition of metabolic syndrome and its components, accounting for pregnancy-specific criteria. Exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy was associated with worsened metabolic parameters especially glucose metabolism. In comparison to participants exposed to the low PM2.5 group, those exposed to high PM2.5 levels exhibited increased odds of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after adjusting for confounding variables in different adjusted models. Specifically, in model 1, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 3.117 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.234-7.870; in model 2, the aOR was 3.855 with a 95% CI of 1.255-11.844; in model 3, the aOR was 3.404 with a 95% CI of 1.206-9.607; and in model 4, the aOR was 2.741 with a 95% CI of 0.712-10.547. Exposure to higher levels of PM2.5 during pregnancy was associated with a tendency to worsen metabolic dysfunction markers specifically in glucose homeostasis. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of ambient PM2.5 on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonseong Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunwha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjin Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ah You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gain Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Gon Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu-Hwan Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulsan university hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young-Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|