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Kabrita CS, Al Bitar S, Ghanem E. The temporal expression pattern of classical MHC class I in sleep-restricted mice: Generalizations and broader implications. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 37:100751. [PMID: 38511151 PMCID: PMC10951454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between sleep and leukocyte trafficking has garnered intense attention, particularly their homing dynamics to secondary lymphoid organs under normal and restricted sleep (SR). Considering the scarcity of information regarding circadian rhythms in major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) expression in SR, we designed a study that assessed the temporal expression of MHC-I in murine lymph nodes and spleen and the subsequent effects of sleep recovery. Male C57BL/6, housed in 12:12 light/dark cycle, were grouped into control (C) and SR. SR was carried for one week before lymphoid tissues were sampled at selected time points and assessed for leukocyte number and MHC-I expression. SR resulted in 21% decrease in granulocyte and 24% increase in agranulocyte numbers. In C, MHC-I expression pattern in lymph nodes was bimodal and relatively higher than splenocytes during the animal's active phase (110.2 ± 1.8 vs 81.9 ± 3.8, respectively; p = 0.002). Splenocytes; however, showed a bimodal pattern upon SR, with higher protein levels during the rest than the activity period (154.6 + 36.2 vs 99.5 + 15.9, respectively; p = 0.002), suggesting preparedness for a potential infection. Furthermore, SR caused a significant drop in MHC-I expression at the onset of rest with 57% and 30% reduction in lymph nodes and splenocytes, respectively. However, the overall protein expression collectively taken from both lymphoid tissues remained stable, emphasizing its indispensable role in immunological homeostasis. This stability coincided with the restoration of protein levels to baseline after a short sleep recovery period, resembling a reset for MHC-I antigen presentation following a week of SR. Understanding the interplay between MHC-I expression and contextual factors could enhance treatment protocols, refining the efficacy and time precision of glucocorticoid-based therapies in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette S. Kabrita
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
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2
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Miki T, Haneda T, Okada N, Ito M. Possible link between colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by Citrobacter rodentium in C57BL/6 mice and microbiota composition. Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38644589 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Colonization resistance, conferred by the host's microbiota through both direct and indirect protective actions, serves to protect the host from enteric infections. Here, we identified the specific members of the gut microbiota that impact gastrointestinal colonization by Citrobacter rodentium, a murine pathogen causing colonic crypt hyperplasia. The gut colonization levels of C. rodentium in C57BL/6 mice varied among breeding facilities, probably due to differences in microbiota composition. A comprehensive analysis of the microbiota revealed that specific members of the microbiota may influence gut colonization by C. rodentium, thus providing a potential link between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haneda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang S, Liu P, Zhang Y, Xu H, Lan J, Jiang H, Jin G, Bai X. Single-cell transcriptome atlas in C57BL/6 mice encodes morphological phenotypes in the aging kidneys. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:137. [PMID: 38641839 PMCID: PMC11031943 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice are frequently utilized as murine models with the desired genetic background for altertion in multiple research contexts. So far, there is still a lack of comprehensive kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome atlas at all stages of growth of C57BL/6 mice. To provide an interactive set of reference standards for the scientific community, we performed the current study to investigate the kidney's development throughout the capillary-loop stage until senescence. Eight groups, with five to six mice each, represented embryonic stage (embryos 18.5 days), suckling period (1 day after birth), juvenile stage (1 month old), adulthood (containing 3 months old, 6 months old and 10 months old), reproductive senescence stage (20 months old), and post-senescence stage (30 months old), respectively. With age, the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was increased. Notably, GBM knobs appeared at three months and became frequent with age. Using single-cell transcriptome data, we evaluated how various biological process appear in particular cell types and investigated the potential mechanism of formation of GBM konbs. In conclusion, having access to detailed kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome maps from C57BL/6 mice at various developmental stages of C57BL/6 mice would be a novel and major resource for biological research and testing of prospective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peimin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Lan
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Gharighnia S, Omidi A, Ragerdi Kashani I, Sepand MR, Pour Beiranvand S. Ameliorative effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on corpus callosum and functional recovery in demyelinated mouse model. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:409-419. [PMID: 35912879 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Oxidative stress via distinct pathobiological pathways plays a pivotal role in the formation and persistence of MS lesions. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) facilitates the uptake of acetyl coenzyme-A into the mitochondria by a fatty acid oxidation process. ALC could be a therapeutic antioxidant in the myelin repair process. This study explored the potential neuroprotective effects of ALC in cuprizone (CPZ) intoxicated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups. The control animals received a normal diet. The CPZ and CPZ + ALC groups were fed with a 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks. In the CPZ + ALC group, animals received ALC (300 mg/kg/day) from the 10th -12th weeks. Animals were evaluated functionally by beam walking test (BWT) weekly. Eventually, the corpus callosum (CC) was extracted for histological, biochemical, and molecular studies. RESULTS BWT data showed ALC significantly improves balance and gait in the demyelinating mouse model. Histological staining represented ALC effectively increased remyelination in the CC. Biochemical evaluations demonstrated ALC decreased the malondialdehyde level with a parallel increase in the reduced glutathione and catalase activity levels in the CC. Molecular analysis revealed that ALC significantly increased the expression of oligodendrocyte transcription-2 (Olig-2) and Poly lipoproteins (Plp) genes in the CC. CONCLUSIONS ALC improved balance and motor coordination in the demyelinated mouse model. It may be by reducing the levels of free radicals and increasing the expression of Olig-2 and Plp as myelin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Gharighnia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Omidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Pour Beiranvand
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Abdelazez A, Melak S, Abdelmotaal H, Alshehry G, Al-Jumayi H, Algarni E, Meng XC. Potential antimicrobial activity of camel milk as a traditional functional food against foodborne pathogens in vivo and in vitro. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:239-250. [PMID: 36617793 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221146322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, strategies focused on functional foods are urgently required to tackle this issue. As a result, camel milk is one of the most important traditional functional foods since it contains a variety of bioactive components, which all have antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. The study aims to investigate the potential antimicrobial activity of raw camel milk against foodborne pathogens in both in vitro agar well diffusion and infected mice, especially Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli, particularly in societies that rely on consuming camel milk in its raw form. A total of eighty C57BL/6 mice were divided into ten groups and gavaged with or without camel milk for two consecutive weeks. A blood plasma analysis and serum insulin levels were measured. Histological investigations of the liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and testicles were also performed. In both in vivo and in vitro studies when compared to other pathogenic bacteria, E. coli was the most affected by raw camel milk, with a significant clear zone of 2.9 ± 0.13 cm in vitro and in all measured parameters in vivo (p < 0.05). As a result, we advocated for further research to improve camel breeding, raise milk yield and extend its reproductive capability as one of the most important farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Abdelazez
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif Melak
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdelmotaal
- Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water, Environment, and Microbiology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al-Jumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Ye W, Fan J, Wu W, Chen Z, Huang Q, Qian L. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on metabolic health of DBA mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1352555. [PMID: 38444807 PMCID: PMC10912182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1352555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice exhibit superior growth rates and overall growth performance compared to DBA mice. To investigate whether this discrepancy in growth performance is linked to the composition of gut microorganisms, we conducted fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) experiments. Methods Specifically, we transplanted fecal fluids from adult C57BL/6 mice, high-fat C57BL/6 mice, and Wistar rats into weaned DBA mice (0.2mL/d), and subsequently analyzed their gut contents and gene expression through 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. During the test period, C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats were provided with a normal diet, and high-fat C57BL/6 mice were provided with a high-fat diet. Results The results of our study revealed that mice receiving FMT from all three donor groups exhibited significantly higher daily weight gain and serum triglyceride (TG) levels compared to mice of CK group. 16S rRNA sequensing unveiled substantial differences in the abundance and function of the gut microbiota between the FMT groups and the CK group. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 988 differential genes, consisting of 759 up-regulated genes and 187 down-regulated genes, between the three experimental groups and the CK group. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) annotation suggested that these genes were primarily linked to lipid metabolism, coagulation, and immunity. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the differential genes and clusters, and it revealed significant correlations, mainly related to processes such as fatty acid metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, and cholesterol metabolism. Discussion In summary, FMT from dominant strains improved the growth performance of DBA mice, including body weight gain, institutional growth, and immune performance. This change may be due to the increase of probiotic content in the intestinal tract by FMT and subsequent alteration of intestinal gene expression. However, the effects of cross-species fecal transplantation on the intestinal flora and gene expression of recipient mice were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzi Wu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Qixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Borozdina NA, Shaikhutdinova ER, Slashcheva GA, Goryacheva NA, Zamyatina AV, Sadovnikova ES, Pakhomova IA, Pavlov VM, Perepechenova NA, Severyukhina MS, Fedotova AY, Popkova DV, Gladkikh IN, Leichenko EV, Dyachenko IA. Characterization of Risk Factors for Modeling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induced by a High-Fat Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:461-465. [PMID: 38491257 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. C57BL/6 mice prone to obesity and leptin resistance were kept on a high-fat diet for 21 weeks. The animals showed a significant increase in fasting and postprandial glucose levels and body weight, the development of insulin resistance, and by week 18, an increase in the serum TNFα level. Metformin therapy at a dose of 250 mg/kg was effective against the background of disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism: animals showed a significant decrease in insulin resistance and TNFα level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Borozdina
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - E R Shaikhutdinova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - G A Slashcheva
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - N A Goryacheva
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A V Zamyatina
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E S Sadovnikova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - I A Pakhomova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - V M Pavlov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - N A Perepechenova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M S Severyukhina
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A Yu Fedotova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - D V Popkova
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - I N Gladkikh
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - E V Leichenko
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - I A Dyachenko
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Hsu S, Huang H, Liao C, Huang H, Shih Y, Chen J, Wu H, Kuo T, Fu R, Tsai C. Induction of Phosphorylated Tau Accumulation and Memory Impairment by Bisphenol A and the Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid in In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03952-9. [PMID: 38280110 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate plastics that has been implicated in memory impairment. The present study investigated the effect of carnosic acid (CA) on memory deficit induced by BPA and the role of Akt in this mechanism. First, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 20 nM BPA and 1 μM CA for 12 h. The results showed that treatment of CA with BPA improved the alternation of IRS-1/Akt/GSK-3β as well as the induction of ApoE and Ser396p-tau. Moreover, treatment of CA with BPA restored the signaling involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) effect, leading to induction of synaptic-related proteins, such as PSD-95, synapsin1a, and pro-BDNF. Wortmannin treatment alleviated the reversal by CA. Then, C57BL/6 J male mice were orally administered with CA to test the memory function in BPA treatment. The results showed that CA and RE can improve BPA-induced impairment of motor, recognition, and spatial memory by using open-field test (OFT), novel objective recognition test (NOR), and Y-maze test, respectively. Moreover, CA and RE improved the phosphorylation of tau and the reduction of PSD-95, synapsin1a, and pro-BDNF proteins induced by BPA. Therefore, the results indicated that CA decreased the phosphorylated tau and memory impairment induced by BPA through Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoi Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huichi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chunhuei Liao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiyun Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yachen Shih
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hanting Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzuyu Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruhuei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiawen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Baluk P, Shirakura K, Vestweber D, McDonald DM. Heterogeneity of endothelial VE-PTP downstream polarization, Tie2 activation, junctional claudin-5, and permeability in the aorta and vena cava. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:81-103. [PMID: 38032480 PMCID: PMC10774230 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of mammalian blood vessels have multiple levels of heterogeneity along the vascular tree and among different organs. Further heterogeneity results from blood flow turbulence and variations in shear stress. In the aorta, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), which dephosphorylates tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 in the plasma membrane, undergoes downstream polarization and endocytosis in endothelial cells exposed to laminar flow and high shear stress. VE-PTP sequestration promotes Tie2 phosphorylation at tyrosine992 and endothelial barrier tightening. The present study characterized the heterogeneity of VE-PTP polarization, Tie2-pY992 and total Tie2, and claudin-5 in anatomically defined regions of endothelial cells in the mouse descending thoracic aorta, where laminar flow is variable and IgG extravasation is patchy. We discovered that VE-PTP and Tie2-pY992 had mosaic patterns, unlike the uniform distribution of total Tie2. Claudin-5 at tight junctions also had a mosaic pattern, whereas VE-cadherin at adherens junctions bordered all endothelial cells. Importantly, the amounts of Tie2-pY992 and claudin-5 in aortic endothelial cells correlated with downstream polarization of VE-PTP. VE-PTP and Tie2-pY992 also had mosaic patterns in the vena cava, but claudin-5 was nearly absent and extravasated IgG was ubiquitous. Correlation of Tie2-pY992 and claudin-5 with VE-PTP polarization supports their collective interaction in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in the aorta, yet differences between the aorta and vena cava indicate additional flow-related determinants of permeability. Together, the results highlight new levels of endothelial cell functional mosaicism in the aorta and vena cava, where blood flow dynamics are well known to be heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baluk
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Keisuke Shirakura
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.
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10
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Liu W, Zhao M, Huang Y, Feng F, Luo X. Novel Lauric Acid-Butyric Structural Lipid Inhibits Inflammation: Small Intestinal Microbes May Be Important Mediators. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300535. [PMID: 38039428 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Butyric acid (C4) and lauric acid (C12) are recognized as functional fatty acids, while the health benefits of the structural lipids they constitute remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, lauric acid-butyric structural lipid (SLBL ) is synthesized through ultrasound-assisted enzyme-catalyzed acidolysis and its health benefits are evaluated in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. SLBL and its physical mixture (MLBL ) do not significantly inhibit obesity in mice. However, SLBL treatment increases the ratio of n3/n6 fatty acids in the liver and improves obesity-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorders. Furthermore, the expression of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) are significantly suppressed by SLBL , while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) is increased. Moreover, SLBL ameliorates the dysbiosis of small intestinal microbes induced by high-fat diet and regulates microbial community structure to be close to the control group. Especially, SLBL significantly alleviates the high-fat diet-induced decrease in Dubosiella and Bifidobacterium abundance. Correlation analysis reveals that SLBL treatment increases the abundance of microorganisms with potential anti-inflammatory function and decreases the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION In all, small intestinal microbes may be a significant bridge for the positive anti-inflammatory effects of SLBL , while the exact mechanism remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianliang Luo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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11
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Solovieva OA, Gruden MA, Kudrin VS, Mikhailova NP, Narkevich VB, Sherstnev VV, Storozheva ZI. Motor and Cognitive Functions in Aging C57BL/6 Mice: Association with Activity of the Monoaminergic Systems in the Cerebellum and Frontal Cortex. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:739-743. [PMID: 37978148 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The activity in the open field, short- and long-term memory in the novel object recognition test, and gait features were evaluated in 6- and 12-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. The levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites were determined in the cerebellum and frontal cortex. In the observed age range, a decrease in locomotion speed, impairment of gait initiation and stability, and long-term memory deficit were revealed. In the cerebral cortex, reduced levels of dopamine and its metabolites and accelerated metabolism of all neurotransmitters under study were found. In the cerebellum, the content of all studied monoamines was elevated, while dopamine metabolism was decelerated. Analysis of correlations between the neurochemical and behavioral parameters showed that the mechanisms of compensation of brain functions during the early aging may be associated with an increase in activity of the monoaminergic systems in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Solovieva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Gruden
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Kudrin
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N P Mikhailova
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V B Narkevich
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Sherstnev
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z I Storozheva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Gan L, Inamura Y, Shimizu Y, Yokoi Y, Ohnishi Y, Song Z, Kumaki Y, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Ito M, Ayabe T, Nakamura K, Aizawa T. A Basic Study of the Effects of Mulberry Leaf Administration to Healthy C57BL/6 Mice on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 37755283 PMCID: PMC10535692 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves contain α-glucosidase inhibitors, which have hypoglycemic effects and are considered functional foods. However, few reports have covered the effects of mulberry leaf components on normal gut microbiota and gut metabolites. Herein, gut microbiota analysis and NMR-based metabolomics were performed on the feces of mulberry leaf powder (MLP)-treated mice to determine the effects of long-term MLP consumption. Gut microbiota in the mouse were analyzed using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, and no significant differences were revealed in the diversity and community structure of the gut microbiota in the C57BL/6 mice with or without MLP supplementation. Thirty-nine metabolites were identified via 1H-NMR analysis, and carbohydrates and amino acids were significantly (p < 0.01-0.05) altered upon MLP treatment. In the MLP-treated group, there was a marked increase and decrease in maltose and glucose concentrations, respectively, possibly due to the degradation inhibitory activity of oligosaccharides. After 5 weeks, all amino acid concentrations decreased. Furthermore, despite clear fluctuations in fecal saccharide concentrations, short-chain fatty acid production via intestinal bacterial metabolism was not strongly affected. This study provides the knowledge that MLP administration can alter the gut metabolites without affecting the normal gut microbiota, which is useful for considering MLP as a healthy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gan
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuga Inamura
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu Shimizu
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zihao Song
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago 905-2192, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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13
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Hong GH, Lee SY, Yoo JI, Chung JH, Park KY. Catechin with Lactic Acid Bacteria Starters Enhances the Antiobesity Effect of Kimchi. J Med Food 2023; 26:560-569. [PMID: 37405755 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiobesity effects of kimchi with catechin and lactic acid bacteria as starters were studied in C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We prepared four types of kimchi: commercial kimchi, standard kimchi, green tea functional kimchi, and catechin functional kimchi (CFK). Body weight and weight of adipose tissue were significantly lower in the kimchi-treated groups than in the HFD and Salt (HFD +1.5% NaCl) groups. In addition, in the CFK group, the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower and those of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly higher than the corresponding levels in the HFD and Salt groups. Moreover, CFK reduced fat cells and crown-like structures in the liver and epididymal fat tissues. The protein expression of adipo/lipogenesis-related genes in the liver and epididymal fat tissues was significantly lower (1.90-7.48-fold) in the CFK group than in the HFD and Salt groups, concurrent with upregulation of lipolysis-related genes (1.71-3.38-fold) and downregulation of inflammation-related genes (3.17-5.06-fold) in epididymal fat tissues. In addition, CFK modulated the gut microbiomes of obese mice by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes (7.61%), while in contrast, Firmicutes (82.21%) decreased. In addition, the presence of the Erysipelotrichaceae (8.37%) family in the CFK group decreased, while the number of beneficial bacteria of the families, Akkermansiaceae (6.74%), Lachnospiraceae (14.95%), and Lactobacillaceae (38.41%), increased. Thus, CFK exhibited an antiobesity effect through its modulation of lipid metabolism and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hye Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Immunobiotech Corp., Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Immunobiotech Corp., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Im Yoo
- Pungmi Food Agricultural Co. Ltd., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Immunobiotech Corp., Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Azad AM, Bernhard A, Shen A, Myrmel LS, Lundebye AK, Lecaudey LA, Fjære E, Tri Ho Q, Sveier H, Kristiansen K, Limborg MT, Madsen L. Metabolic effects of diet containing blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and blue mussel-fed salmon in a mouse model of obesity. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112927. [PMID: 37254353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative feed ingredients for farmed salmon are warranted due to increasing pressure on wild fish stocks. As locally farmed blue mussels may represent an environmentally sustainable substitute with a lower carbon footprint, we aimed to test the potential and safety of substituting fish meal with blue mussel meal in feed for Atlantic salmon. Salmon were fed diets in which fish meal was partially replaced with blue mussel meal in increments, accounting for up to 13.1 % of the ingredients. Fillets from the salmon were subsequently used to prepare obesity-promoting western diets for a 13-weeks mouse feeding trial. In a second mouse trial, we tested the effects of inclusion of up to 8% blue mussel meal directly in a meat-based western diet. Partial replacement of fish meal with blue mussel meal in fish feed preserved the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in salmon fillets. The observed blue mussel-induced changes in the fatty acid profiles in salmon fillets did not translate into similar changes in the livers of mice that consumed the salmon, and no clear dose-dependent responses were found. The relative levels of the marine n-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA were not reduced, and the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in livers from all salmon-fed mice were unchanged. The inclusion of blue mussel meal in a meat-based western diet led to a small, but dose-dependent increase in the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in mice livers. Diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis were unaffected in both mice trials and no blue mussel-induced adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that replacing fish meal with blue mussel meal in salmon feed will not cause adverse effects in those who consume the salmon fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Shen
- Institute of Marine Research, Norway
| | | | | | - Laurène Alicia Lecaudey
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Tønsberg Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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15
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Kapitsa IG, Alymov AA, Savinkova EV, Voronina TA, Seredenin SB. Experimental Study of Antidepressant Properties of Afobazole. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05811-4. [PMID: 37338764 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of oral administration of Afobazole in a dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days on depressive-like behavior of male C57BL/6 mice in the tail suspension test in comparison with amitriptyline (10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) treatment. Afobazole produced an antidepressant effect similar to amitriptyline, but inferior to fluoxetine. The σ1 receptor antagonist BD-1047 in a dose of 5 mg/kg blocked the antidepressant effect of Afobazole, which indicates the involvement of σ1 receptors in the antidepressant effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Kapitsa
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Alymov
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Savinkova
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Voronina
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S B Seredenin
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Kelley TJ, Lewis SJ. Male histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) knockout mice have enhanced ventilatory responses to hypoxic challenge. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3005686. [PMID: 37398019 PMCID: PMC10312977 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3005686/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class II histone deacetylase that is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of cells. HDAC6 associates with microtubules, regulating acetylation of tubulin and other proteins. The possibility that HDAC6 participates in hypoxic signaling is supported by evidence that (1) hypoxic gas challenges cause microtubule depolymerization, (2) expression of hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF)-1α is regulated by microtubule alterations in response to hypoxia, and (3) inhibition of HDAC6 prevents HIF-1α expression and protects tissue from hypoxic/ischemic insults. The aim of this study was to address whether the absence of HDAC6 alters ventilatory responses during and/or after hypoxic gas challenges (10% O2, 90% N2 for 15 min) in adult male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and HDAC6 knockout (KO) mice. Key findings were that (1) baseline values for frequency of breathing, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory times and end expiratory pause were different between KO mice and WT mice, (2) ventilatory responses during hypoxic challenge were more robust in KO mice than WT mice for parameters including frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, inspiratory and expiratory drives, and (3) responses upon return to room-air were markedly different in KO mice than WT mice for frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, end expiratory (but not end inspiratory) pauses, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory or expiratory drives. These data suggest that HDAC6 may have a fundamentally important role in regulating the neural responses to hypoxia.
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17
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Rodriguez-Herrera AJ, de Souza ABF, Castro TDF, Machado-Junior PA, Gomez ECM, Menezes TP, da Cruz Castro ML, Talvani A, Costa DC, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS. Long-term e-cigarette aerosol exposure causes pulmonary emphysema in adult female and male mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105412. [PMID: 37247649 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate long-term exposure to conventional cigarette smoke (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC) aerosol in adult male and female C57BL/6 mice. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were used, male (n = 24) and female (n = 24), both were divided into three groups: control, CC and EC. The CC and EC groups were exposed to cigarette smoke or electronic cigarette aerosol, respectively, 3 times a day for 60 consecutive days. Afterwards, they were maintained for 60 days without exposure to cigarettes or electronic cigarette aerosol. Both cigarettes promoted an influx of inflammatory cells to the lung in males and females. All animals exposed to CC and EC showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. There was an increase of IL-6 in males and females exposed to EC. The IL-13 levels were higher in the females exposed to EC and CC. Both sexes exposed to EC and CC presented tissue damage characterized by septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces compared to control. Our results demonstrated that exposure to CC and EC induced pulmonary emphysema in both sexes, and females seem to be more susceptible to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jazel Rodriguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Elena Cecilia Marcano Gomez
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prata Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura da Cruz Castro
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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18
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Urusov AE, Aulova KS, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. EAE of Mice: Enzymatic Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H2A Histone by IgGs against H2A, H1, H2B, H3, and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108636. [PMID: 37239982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones play vital roles in chromatin function and gene transcription; however, they are very harmful in the intercellular space because they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major protein of the axon myelin-proteolipid sheath. Antibodies-abzymes with various catalytic activities are specific features of some autoimmune diseases. IgGs against individual histones (H2A, H1, H2B, H3, and H4) and MBP were isolated from the blood of experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis-prone C57BL/6 mice by several affinity chromatographies. These Abs-abzymes corresponded to various stages of EAE development: spontaneous EAE, MOG, and DNA-histones accelerated the onset, acute, and remission stages. IgGs-abzymes against MBP and five individual histones showed unusual polyreactivity in the complex formation and enzymatic cross-reactivity in the specific hydrolysis of the H2A histone. All the IgGs of 3-month-old mice (zero time) against MBP and individual histones demonstrated from 4 to 35 different H2A hydrolysis sites. The spontaneous development of EAE over 60 days led to a significant change in the type and number of H2A histone hydrolysis sites by IgGs against five histones and MBP. Mice treatment with MOG and the DNA-histone complex changed the type and number of H2A hydrolysis sites compared to zero time. The minimum number (4) of different H2A hydrolysis sites was found for IgGs against H2A (zero time), while the maximum (35) for anti-H2B IgGs (60 days after mice treatment with DNA-histone complex). Overall, it was first demonstrated that at different stages of EAE evolution, IgGs-abzymes against individual histones and MBP could significantly differ in the number and type of specific sites of H2A hydrolysis. The possible reasons for the catalytic cross-reactivity and great differences in the number and type of histone H2A cleavage sites were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Urusov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Aulova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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19
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Kondoh T. Enhanced preference for dried bonito dashi by prior experience with dashi and various taste substances in mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 261:114084. [PMID: 36640957 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dried bonito dashi, a complex mixture of sour, bitter, and umami substances as well as over 400 odorants, is the most widely used Japanese fish broth that enhances palatability of various dishes. Recent studies have suggested that prior experience with dried bonito dashi produces strong enhancement of subsequent intake and preference for dried bonito dashi. The present study investigated taste substances in dried bonito dashi that enhance subsequent dashi preference by its prior exposure. Male C57BL/6N mice were initially exposed for 10 days to (1) dried bonito dashi, (2) a chemical mixture of taste substances identified in dried bonito dashi (artificially reconstituted dashi), or (3) individual chemical solutions such as NaCl, monosodium l-glutamate (MSG), inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), lactic acid, histidine, and glucose. Intakes of 0.01-100% dried bonito dashi with water were then measured using ascending concentration series of 2-day two-bottle choice tests. Prior exposure to 1-100% dashi enhanced subsequent dashi preference in a concentration-dependent manner and the greatest effects were attained with 10-100% dashi exposure. Exposure to the reconstituted dashi also enhanced subsequent dashi preference. Among individual chemical solutions, 0.1% IMP produced modest enhancement of subsequent dashi preference, but neither NaCl, MSG, histidine, lactic acid, nor glucose did. These results suggest that IMP is at least a key substance that produces experience-based enhancement of dried bonito dashi preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kondoh
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; AJINOMOTO Integrative Research for Advanced Dieting, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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20
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Nevinsky GA, Urusov AE, Aulova KS, Ermakov EA. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis of Mice: IgGs from the Sera of Mice Hydrolyze miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054433. [PMID: 36901861 PMCID: PMC10002156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown that the spontaneous development of experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice occurs due to changes in the profile of bone marrow stem cells differentiation. This leads to the appearance of lymphocytes producing antibodies-abzymes that hydrolyze DNA, myelin basic protein (MBP), and histones. The activity of abzymes in the hydrolysis of these auto-antigens slowly but constantly increases during the spontaneous development of EAE. Treatment of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) leads to a sharp increase in the activity of these abzymes with their maximum at 20 days (acute phase) after immunization. In this work, we analyzed changes in the activity of IgG-abzymes hydrolyzing (pA)23, (pC)23, (pU)23, and six miRNAs (miR-9-5p, miR-219a-5p, miR-326, miR-155-5p, miR-21-3p, and miR-146a-3p) before and after mice immunization with MOG. Unlike abzymes hydrolyzing DNA, MBP, and histones, the spontaneous development of EAE leads not to an increase but to a permanent decrease of IgGs activity of hydrolysis of RNA-substrates. Treatment of mice with MOG resulted in a sharp but transient increase in the activity of antibodies by day 7 (onset of the disease), followed by a sharp decrease in activity 20-40 days after immunization. A significant difference in the production of abzymes against DNA, MBP, and histones before and after mice immunization with MOG with those against RNAs may be since the expression of many miRNAs decreased with age. This can lead to a decrease in the production of antibodies and abzymes that hydrolyze miRNAs with age mice.
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21
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Urusov AE, Tolmacheva AS, Aulova KS, Nevinsky GA. Autoantibody-Abzymes with Catalase Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36770997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of the evolution of multiple sclerosis are still unknown. At the same time, the development in C57BL/6 mice of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, simulating human multiple sclerosis) happens as a result of the violation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell differentiation profiles integrated with the production of toxic auto-antibodies splitting the basic myelin protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), histones, and DNA. It has been shown that IgGs from the plasma of healthy humans and autoimmune patients oxidize many different compounds due to their peroxidase (H2O2-dependent) and oxidoreductase (H2O2-independent) activities. Here, we first analyzed the changes in the relative catalase activity of IgGs from C57BL/6 mice blood plasma over time at different stages of the EAE development (onset, acute, and remission phases). It was shown that the catalase activity of IgGs of 3-month-old mice is, on average, relatively low (kcat = 40.7 min-1), but it increases during 60 days of spontaneous development of EAE 57.4-fold (kcat = 2.3 × 103 min-1). The catalase activity of antibodies increases by a factor of 57.4 by 20 days after the immunization of mice with MOG (kcat = 2.3 × 103 min-1), corresponding to the acute phase of EAE development, and 52.7-fold by 60 days after the treatment of mice with a DNA-histone complex (kcat = 2.1 × 103 min-1). It is the acceleration of the EAE development after the treatment of mice with MOG that leads to the increased production of lymphocytes synthesizing antibodies with catalase activity. All data show that the IgGs' catalase activity can play an essential role in reducing the H2O2 concentration and protecting mice from oxidative stress.
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Oswal N, Thangavel H, Lizardo K, Dhanyalayam D, Sidrat T, Salgame P, Nagajyothi JF. Diets Differently Regulate Pulmonary Pathogenesis and Immune Signaling in Mice during Acute and Chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:228. [PMID: 36676177 PMCID: PMC9861969 DOI: 10.3390/life13010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection persists as a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. The prevalence of TB-DM (diabetes mellitus) is higher in low- and middle-income countries where TB and DM are most prevalent. Epidemiological data suggest that slight obesity reduces the risk of TB, whereas DM increases the risk of pulmonary TB. Diets can alter the levels of body fat mass and body mass index by regulating systemic adiposity. Earlier, using a transgenic Mtb-infected murine model, we demonstrated that loss of body fat increased the risk of pulmonary bacterial load and pathology. In the present study, we investigated whether increased adiposity alters pulmonary pathology and bacterial load using C57BL/6 mice infected with HN878 Mtb strain and fed a medium-fat diet (MFD). We analyzed the effects of MFD on the lung during acute and chronic infections by comparing the results to those obtained with infected mice fed a regular diet (RD). Histological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that MFD reduces bacterial burden by increasing the activation of immune cells in the lungs during acute infection and reduces necrosis in the lungs during chronic infection by decreasing lipid accumulation. Our data suggest that slight adiposity likely protects the host during active TB infection by regulating immune and metabolic conditions in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Oswal
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Hariprasad Thangavel
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kezia Lizardo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Dhanya Dhanyalayam
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tabinda Sidrat
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jyothi F. Nagajyothi
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Skurikhin EG, Pershina O, Ermakova N, Pakhomova A, Zhukova M, Pan E, Sandrikina L, Widera D, Kogai L, Kushlinskii N, Kubatiev A, Morozov SG, Dygai A. Cell Therapy with Human Reprogrammed CD8(+) T-Cells Has Antimetastatic Effects on Lewis Lung Carcinoma in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in vitro and in vivo, we previously demonstrated increased antitumor activity in CD8+ T-cells reprogrammed with an MEK inhibitor and PD-1 blocker. In this follow-up study, we carried out the reprogramming of human CD8+ T-cells (hrT-cell) using the MEK inhibitor and PD-1 blocker and targeted LLC cells. The effects of hrT-cell therapy were studied in a mouse model of spontaneous metastasis of a solid LLC tumor. We found antimetastatic activity of hrT-cells, a decrease in the number of cancer cells and cancer stem cells in the lungs, and an increase in the number of T-cells in the blood (including effector T-cells). Thus, reprogramming of human CD8+ T-cells with an MEK inhibitor and PD-1 blocker with targeted training by tumor target cells is a potential platform for developing a new approach to targeted lung cancer therapy.
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Tukhovskaya EA, Shaykhutdinova ER, Pakhomova IA, Slashcheva GA, Goryacheva NA, Sadovnikova ES, Rasskazova EA, Kazakov VA, Dyachenko IA, Frolova AA, Brovkin AN, Kaluzhsky VE, Beburov MY, Murashev AN. AICAR Improves Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57Bl/6 Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415719. [PMID: 36555360 PMCID: PMC9778872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on the consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in male C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, the animals from group 6 were administered Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in parallel with AICAR, which slows down the metabolism of AICAR. The animals were recorded with signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus by recording their body weights, glucose and insulin levels, and the calculating HOMA-IRs. At the end of the study, at the end of the 13th week, during necropsy, the internal organs were assessed, the masses of the organs were recorded, and special attention was paid to visceral fat, assessing its amount and the mass of the fat surrounding epididymis. The biochemical parameters and histology of the internal organs and tissues were assessed. The animals showed signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, namely, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, an increase in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and metabolic disorders, all expressed in a pathological change in biochemical parameters and pathological changes in internal organs. The AICAR treatment led to a decrease in body weight, a decrease in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and an improvement in the pathomorphological picture of internal organs. However, some hepatotoxic effects were observed when the animals, on a received standard diet (STD), were treated with AICAR starting from the first day of the study. The additional administration of MTX, an AICAR metabolic inhibitor, did not improve its efficacy. Thus, AICAR has therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Pakhomova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Goryacheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Sadovnikova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Rasskazova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Kazakov
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Dyachenko
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A. Frolova
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Brovkin
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy E. Kaluzhsky
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Beburov
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
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Troshev D, Blokhin V, Ukrainskaya V, Kolacheva A, Ugrumov M. Isolation of living dopaminergic neurons labeled with a fluorescent ligand of the dopamine transporter from mouse substantia nigra as a new tool for basic and applied research. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020070. [PMID: 36568278 PMCID: PMC9780273 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DNs) of the nigrostriatal system control the motor function, and their degeneration leads to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). A stumbling block in the study of DNs in the whole substantia nigra (SN) is the lack of tools to analyze the expression of most of the genes involved in neurotransmission, neurodegeneration, and neuroplasticity, since they are also expressed in other cells of the SN. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fluorescence-activated cell sorting method for isolating living DNs from the SN of wild-type mice using two fluorescent dyes, DRAQ5 (nuclear stain) and a dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 coupled to a fluorophore (DN stain). We have developed a method for selecting a population of DNs from the SN of mice, as evidenced by: (i) immunopositivity of 95% of the sorted cells for tyrosine hydroxylase, the first enzyme of dopamine synthesis; (ii) the sorted cells expressing the genes for specific proteins of the dopaminergic phenotype, tyrosine hydroxylase, the dopamine transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and non-specific proteins, such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, non-specific enzyme of dopamine synthesis. We then compared the changes in gene expression found in the sorted DNs and in the SN homogenate in a PD model we developed, reproduced in mice by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Using quantitative PCR, we obtained evidence of the same changes in the expression of specific genes in the sorted DNs of SN and in the SN homogenate of a MPTP mouse model of PD, compared with the control. The undoubted advantage of our approach is the possibility of obtaining a large amount of readily available and relatively cheap primary material (SN) from wild-type mice, which can be used to solve both research and applied problems. In addition, this method can be easily adapted to the isolation of DNs from the SN in other animal species, including non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Troshev
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Blokhin
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ukrainskaya
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kolacheva
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Michael Ugrumov,
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Broering MF, Leão MDC, da Rocha GHO, Scharf P, Xavier LF, Alves ADCS, Castro I, Reutelingsperger C, Uchiyama MK, Araki K, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Farsky SHP. Development of Annexin A1-surface-functionalized metal-complex multi-wall lipid core nanocapsules and effectiveness on experimental colitis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:49-59. [PMID: 36334840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a 37KDa protein, is secreted by inflammatory and epithelial cells and displays anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities in intestinal bowel diseases. Herein, we aimed to functionalize recombinant AnxA1 (AnxA1) on multi-wall lipid core nanocapsules (MLNC) and investigate its effectiveness on experimental colitis. MLNC were prepared by covering lipid core nanocapsules (LNC) with chitosan, which coordinates metals to specific protein chemisorption sites. Therefore, MLNC were linked to Zn2+ and AnxA1 was added to form MLNC-AnxA1. LNC, MLNC and MLNC-AnxA1 presented average size of 129, 152 and 163 nm, respectively, and similar polydispersity indexes (0.xx); incorporation of chitosan inverted the negative potential zeta; the coordination efficiency of AnxA1 was 92.22 %, and transmission electron microscope photomicrograph showed MLNC-AnxA1 had a spherical shape. The effectiveness of MLNC-AnxA1 was measured in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in male C57BL/6 mice. DSS (2 % solution) was administered from days 1-6; saline, LNC, MLNC, MLNC-AnxA1 or AnxA1 were administered, once a day, by oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes, from days 6-9. Clinical parameters of the disease were measured from day 0-10 and gut tissues were collected for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses. Only i.p. treatment with MLNC-AnxA1 reduced weight loss, diarrhea and disease activity index, and prevented loss of colonic structure integrity; induced the switch of macrophages into M2 phenotype in the lamina propria; recovered the colonic histoarchitecture by decreasing dysplasia of crypts, inflammation and ulcerations; restored the expression of claudin-1 Zonna-occludens-1 tight junctions in the inflamed gut; and induced stem cell proliferation in intestinal crypts. Associated, data highlight the functionalization of MLNC with AnxA1 as a tool to improve the local actions of such protein in the inflamed gut by inducing resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Fronza Broering
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Leão
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Fillipi Xavier
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Cristo Soares Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Inar Castro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Part of Maastricht University Medical Center, Part of Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mayara Klimuk Uchiyama
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Yang M, Yang Z, Huang J, Yu W, He X, Yuan M, Han W, Chen W. Optimization of determinant factors associated with the efficiency of experimental autoimmune uveitis induction in C57BL/6 mice. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:1274. [PMID: 36618787 PMCID: PMC9816839 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a widely used animal model for uveitis research. The C57BL/6 mouse strain is the most commonly used mouse strain in the research of genetic modification, but C57BL/6 mice are not sufficiently susceptible to EAU induction, partly due to experimental factors. This work aims to optimize relevant factors to improve the efficiency of EAU induction in C57BL/6 mice. Methods To induce EAU, mice were immunized via intraperitoneal injection with pertussis (PTX) and subcutaneous injection with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 1-20 (IRBP1-20) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The severity of inflammation was assessed using several approaches. The relevant experimental factors were evaluated, including methods of emulsification and doses of peptide and PTX. Results Uveitis occurred at 8-12 days after immunization and reached its peak at 18-20 days, while T helper type 17 (Th17) cells peaked earlier at 14-18 days after immunization. Based on clinical and histological scores, 500 µg of IRBP peptide was the optimal dose required to induce EAU. The PTX dose demonstrated no influence on EAU incidence, but potentially affected the severity of uveitis. A single injection of 1,000 ng of PTX induced the most severe EAU and the highest proportion of Th17 cells. Compared to extruded emulsion, sonicated emulsion produced a higher incidence, higher histological score, and a 2-day-earlier onset of EAU. Electron microscopy showed a significantly different microstructure between the 2 emulsions. Conclusions This work optimized the protocols of EAU induction and obtained a high and stable induction rate with severe inflammation in the C57BL/6 mouse strain. Our results facilitate future experimental research involving uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Huang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangshu Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Yuan
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Han
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Harda Z, Misiołek K, Klimczak M, Chrószcz M, Rodriguez Parkitna J. C57BL/6N mice show a sub-strain specific resistance to the psychotomimetic effects of ketamine. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1057319. [PMID: 36505728 PMCID: PMC9731130 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1057319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine is a model of psychosis-like state in rodents. In mice, this treatment produces a range of behavioral deficits, including impairment in social interactions and locomotion. To date, these phenotypes were described primarily in the Swiss and C3H/HeHsd mouse strains. A few studies investigated ketamine-induced behaviors in the C57BL/6J strain, but to our knowledge the C57BL/6N strain was not investigated thus far. This is surprising, as both C57BL/6 sub-strains are widely used in behavioral and neuropsychopharmacological research, and are de facto standards for characterization of drug effects. The goal of this study was to determine if C57BL/6N mice are vulnerable to develop social deficits after 5 days withdrawal from sub-chronic ketamine treatment (5 days, 30 mg/kg, i.p.), an experimental schedule shown before to cause deficits in social interactions in C57BL/6J mice. Our results show that sub-chronic administration of ketamine that was reported to cause psychotic-like behavior in C57BL/6J mice does not induce appreciable behavioral alterations in C57BL/6N mice. Thus, we show that the effects of sub-chronic ketamine treatment in mice are sub-strain specific.
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Danso IK, Woo JH, Lee K. Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227926. [PMID: 36432032 PMCID: PMC9694469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, plastics are used in various products. Concerns regarding the human body's exposure to plastics and environmental pollution have increased with increased plastic use. Microplastics can be detected in the atmosphere, leading to potential human health risks through inhalation; however, the toxic effects of microplastic inhalation are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the pulmonary toxicity of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and ICR mice strains. Mice were intratracheally instilled with 5 mg/kg of PS, PP, or PVC daily for two weeks. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of C57BL/6 and ICR mice. Histopathological analysis of PS-instilled C57BL/6 and PP-instilled ICR mice showed inflammatory cell infiltration. PS increased the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components in the lung tissue of C57BL/6 and ICR mice, while PS-instilled BALB/c mice remained unchanged. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, in BALF of C57BL/6 mice. PP-instilled ICR mice showed increased NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the lung tissue compared to the control groups and increased IL-1β levels in BALF. These results could provide baseline data for understanding the pulmonary toxicity of microplastic inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kwabena Danso
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Woo
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-570-8740
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30
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Deng I, Bobrovskaya L. Lipopolysaccharide mouse models for Parkinson's disease research: a critical appraisal. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2413-2417. [PMID: 35535880 PMCID: PMC9120679 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.331866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the most common movement disorder, has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect. This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, and the presence of activated microglial cells, and inflammatory cytokines in the substantia nigra of post-mortem brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients. The central and peripheral neuroinflammatory aspects of Parkinson's disease can be investigated in vivo via administration of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide, a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. In this mini-review, we will critically evaluate different routes of lipopolysaccharide administration (including intranasal systemic and stereotasic), their relevance to clinical Parkinson's disease as well as the recent findings in lipopolysaccharide mouse models. We will also share our own experiences with systemic and intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide models in C57BL/6 mice and will discuss the usefulness of lipopolysaccharide mouse models for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Castañeda-Reyes ED, Perea-Flores MJ, Dávila-Ortiz G, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Liposomes Loaded with Amaranth Unsaponifiable Matter and Soybean Lunasin Prevented Melanoma Tumor Development Overexpressing Caspase-3 in an In Vivo Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36297649 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of liposomes loaded with soybean lunasin and amaranth unsaponifiable matter (UM + LunLip) as a source of squalene in the prevention of melanoma skin cancer in an allograft mice model. Tumors were induced by transplanting melanoma B16-F10 cells into the mice. The most effective treatments were those including UM + LunLip, with no difference between the lunasin concentrations (15 or 30 mg/kg body weight); however, these treatments were statistically different from the tumor-bearing untreated control (G3) (p < 0.05). The groups treated with topical application showed significant inhibition (68%, p < 0.05) compared to G3. The groups treated with subcutaneous injections showed significant inhibition (up to 99%, p < 0.05) in G3. During tumor development, UM + LunLip treatments under-expressed Ki-67 (0.2-fold compared to G3), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (0.1-fold compared to G3), and overexpressed caspase-3 (30-fold compared to G3). In addition, larger tumors showed larger necrotic areas (38% with respect to the total tumor) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the UM + LunLip treatment was effective when applied either subcutaneously or topically in the melanoma tumor-developing groups, as it slowed down cell proliferation and activated apoptosis.
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Liu D, Li S, Ren L, Liu X, Li X, Wang Z. Different coding characteristics between flight and freezing in dorsal periaqueductal gray of mice during exposure to innate threats. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:491-501. [PMID: 36225094 PMCID: PMC9773308 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flight and freezing are two vital defensive behaviors that mice display to avoid natural enemies. When they are exposed to innate threats, visual cues are processed and transmitted by the visual system into the emotional nuclei and finally transmitted to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) to induce defensive behaviors. However, how the dorsal PAG (dPAG) encodes the two defensive behaviors is unclear. METHODS Multi-array electrodes were implanted in the dPAG nuclei of C57BL/6 mice. Two kinds of visual stimuli (looming and sweeping) were used to induce defensive behaviors in mice. Neural signals under different defense behaviors were recorded, and the encoding characteristics of the two behaviors were extracted and analyzed from spike firing and frequency oscillations. Finally, synchronization of neural activity during the defense process was analyzed. RESULTS The neural activity between flight and freezing behaviors showed different firing patterns, and the differences in the inter-spike interval distribution were mainly reflected in the 2-10 ms period. The frequency band activities under both defensive behaviors were concentrated in the theta band; the active frequency of flight was ~8 to 10 Hz, whereas that of freezing behavior was ~6 to 8 Hz. The network connection density under both defense behaviors was significantly higher than the period before and after defensive behavior occurred, indicating that there was a high synchronization of neural activity during the defense process. CONCLUSIONS The dPAG nuclei of mice have different coding features between flight and freezing behaviors; during strong looming stimulation, fast neuro-instinctive decision making is required while encountering weak sweeping stimulation, and computable planning late behavior is predicted in the early stage. The frequency band activities under both defensive behaviors were concentrated in the theta band. There was a high synchronization of neural activity during the defense process, which may be a key factor triggering different defensive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Liu
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shouhao Li
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Liqing Ren
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Intelligent ManufacturingHuanghuai UniversityZhumadianChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Nickel K, Zhu L, Mangalindan R, Snyder JM, Tucker M, Whitson J, Sweetwyne M, Valencia AP, Klug J, Jiang Z, Marcinek DJ, Rabinovitch P, Ladiges W. Long-term treatment with Elamipretide enhances healthy aging phenotypes in mice. Aging Pathobiol Ther 2022; 4:76-83. [PMID: 36250163 PMCID: PMC9562127 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2022.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Disruption of metabolic and bioenergetic homeostasis related to mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of aging biology. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial function would be a rational approach to slowing aging. Elamipretide (Elam, a.k.a. SS-31) is a peptide known to target mitochondria and suppress mammalian signs of aging. The present study was designed to examine the phenotypic effects of long-term Elam treatment on aging in C57BL/6 mice starting at 18 months of age. Methods Mice were fed regular chow (RC diet) or a diet high in fat and sugar (HF diet) and treated with 3 mg/kg of Elam or saline subcutaneously 5 days per week for 10 months. Physiological performance assessments were conducted at 28 months of age. Results Elam improved the physical performance of males but not females, while in females Elam improved cognitive performance and enhanced the maintenance of body weight and fat mass. It also improved diastolic function in both males and females, but to a greater extent in males. The HF diet over 10 months had a negative effect on health span, as it increased body fat and decreased muscle strength and heart function, especially in females. Conclusions Elam enhanced healthy aging and cardiac function in both male and female mice, although the specific effects on function differed between sexes. In females, the treatment led to better cognitive performance and maintenance of body composition, while in males, performance on a rotating rod was preserved. These overall observations have translational implications for considering additional studies using Elam in therapeutic or preventive approaches for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Nickel
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lida Zhu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruby Mangalindan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M. Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Tucker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy Whitson
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Maryia Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana P. Valencia
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenna Klug
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David J. Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tang X, Benowitz N, Gundel L, Hang B, Havel CM, Hoh E, Jacob Iii P, Mao JH, Martins-Green M, Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Russell ML, Sarker A, Schick SF, Snijders AM, Destaillats H. Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation, Dust Ingestion, Dermal Uptake, and Epidermal Chemistry. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12506-12516. [PMID: 35900278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are emitted during smoking and form indoors by nitrosation of nicotine. Two of them, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), are human carcinogens with No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) of 500 and 14 ng day-1, respectively. Another TSNA, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) butanal (NNA), shows genotoxic and mutagenic activity in vitro. Here, we present additional evidence of genotoxicity of NNA, an assessment of TSNA dermal uptake, and predicted exposure risks through different pathways. Dermal uptake was investigated by evaluating the penetration of NNK and nicotine through mice skin. Comparable mouse urine metabolite profiles suggested that both compounds were absorbed and metabolized via similar mechanisms. We then investigated the effects of skin constituents on the reaction of adsorbed nicotine with nitrous acid (epidermal chemistry). Higher TSNA concentrations were formed on cellulose and cotton substrates that were precoated with human skin oils and sweat compared to clean substrates. These results were combined with reported air, dust, and surface concentrations to assess NNK intake. Five different exposure pathways exceeded the NSRL under realistic scenarios, including inhalation, dust ingestion, direct dermal contact, gas-to-skin deposition, and epidermal nitrosation of nicotine. These results illustrate potential long-term health risks for nonsmokers in homes contaminated with thirdhand tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Tang
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neal Benowitz
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Lara Gundel
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bo Hang
- Bioengineering & Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher M Havel
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Peyton Jacob Iii
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Bioengineering & Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92506, United States
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Penelope J E Quintana
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Marion L Russell
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Altaf Sarker
- Bioengineering & Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Suzaynn F Schick
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Bioengineering & Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Chen Z, Zhao J, Yan Y, Zhang L, Du L, Liu X, Cao M, Wang C, Tang Y, Li H. Differential distribution and genetic determination of eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles in the volar skin of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:316. [PMID: 35974330 PMCID: PMC9380334 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) and hair follicles (HFs) are the prominent skin appendages regulating human body temperature. C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats are the most commonly used model animals for studying ESGs and HFs. Previous studies have shown the distribution of ESGs and HFs in volar hindfeet of C57BL/6 mice, but there are few or no reports on the distribution of ESGs and HFs in volar forefeet of C57BL/6 mice and volar feet of SD rats. Here, we investigated the differential distribution and genetic determination of ESGs and HFs in the volar skin of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats through gross observation, iodine-starch sweat test, double staining with Nile Blue A and Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, double immunofluorescence staining of LIM Homeobox 2 (LHX2)/Na+-K+-ATPase α1(NKA) or LHX2/Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), and qRT-PCR detection of ESG-related gene Engrailed 1 (En1) and HF-related gene LHX2. RESULTS The results showed ESGs but no HFs in the footpads of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats, both ESGs and HFs in the inter-footpads (IFPs) of C57BL/6 mice, and neither ESGs nor HFs in the IFPs of SD rats. The relative quantitative change in En1 was consistent with the differential distribution of ESGs, and the relative quantitative change of LHX2 was consistent with the differential distribution of HFs. CONCLUSION C57BL/6 mice and SD rats had their own characteristics in the distribution of ESGs and HFs in the volar skin, and researchers should choose mice or rats, and even forefeet or hindfeet as their research object according to different purposes. The study provides a basis for selection of optimal animal models to study development, wound healing and regeneration of skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Chen
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.,Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongjing Yan
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lijie Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.,Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Manxiu Cao
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. .,Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. .,Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. .,Department of Wound Repair; Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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V G, Das M, Zarei M, Vp M, Harohally NV, G SK. Studies on the partial characterization of extracted glycosaminoglycans from fish waste and its potentiality in modulating obesity through in-vitro and in-vivo. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:525-542. [PMID: 35913650 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are bioactive polysaccharides or glycoconjugates found in the fish waste having significant health impacts. In the present study it has been attempted to extract GAGs from mackerel fish waste through chemical and enzymatic methods. Further, the extracted GAGs (e-GAGs) were analyzed for their composition (uronic acid, total sugar & sulfate), chemical characterization was carried out through techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) & Proton NMR. Further, probable major GAGs present was identified by enzymatic digestion. The biological potential of the extracted glycoconjugate was assessed further through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In-vitro biological activity showed good lipase inhibition (IC50, 2.6 mg/mL) and bile acid binding properties (dose-dependent). Lipid accumulation lowered in the e-GAGs differentiated 3T3L1 preadipocyte cells have also been observed. The high fat fed animal (in-vivo) study showed ameliorative effect via reducing blood sugar∼1.28↓, lipid profile↓, plasma insulin∼3.5↓, improved glucose tolerance, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, ∼3.0↓). Furthermore, elimination of bile acid (BA) due to GAG-BA binding properties resultant in removal of elevated fecal triglyceride and cholesterol suggesting its lipid lowering activity. Regulation of various proteins linked to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including fatty acid synthase (FAS), low density lipoproteins receptor (LDL-R), 7α-hydroxylase, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were significant (p < 0.05) with e-GAGs treatment when compared to HFD group. Thus, the e-GAGs showed potential hypolipidemic activity through elimination of bile acid binding property together with regulating the specific protein related to obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha V
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020, Mysore, India
| | - Moumita Das
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020, Mysore, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mehrdad Zarei
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020, Mysore, India
| | - Mayookha Vp
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020, Mysore, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nanishankar V Harohally
- Department of Spices and Flavour Sciences, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020, Mysore, India
| | - Suresh Kumar G
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020, Mysore, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Ma C, Ren B, Chen L, Yang G. Strain and Age Dependent Entrainable Range of Circadian Behavior in C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 255:113917. [PMID: 35853482 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system has a plasticity in a certain range, rather than a strict 24-hour cycle, with considerable variations among species, strains, and ages. As the most widely used mouse strains in circadian research, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were well known to have different internal periods and responses to various non-24-hour light-dark cycles. However, their entrainable range of circadian behavior was not specifically studied, neither was the effect of aging. Besides, it is not well known if mice with appeared behavioral adaptation are really healthy. In the current study, we exposed C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice at 3 months and 18 months old to a series of short (T cycles < 24 h) and long (T cycles > 24 h) light-dark cycles. Wheel running activities were monitored continuously for calculation of the entrainable range and glucose homeostasis was investigated to reflect their health status. Our results showed that the range in both young and old C57BL/6 mice is between T23 and T26. By contrast, due to the strong adaptability to extreme LD cycles, the entrainable range on a circadian scale in both young and old BALB/c mice cannot be well determined. Despite the adaptation appeared at the behavioral level, glucose homeostasis revealed by glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test was impaired in mice upon T cycle treatment. In summary, our study explored the entrainment range in two popular mouse strains and suggested that behavioral adaptation may not well reflect their health status.
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Zhang J, Yang J, Luo Y, Li J, Gong T, Huang S, Xiong Y, Jiang X. Determination of 23 related analytes in bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by HPLC-FLD. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5435. [PMID: 35763335 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study of brain diseases has long been of interest to researchers worldwide, and stroke is the third leading cause of death that threatens human health. At the same time, a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is closely associated with high rates of disability and mortality. The conditions of the 6-Aminoquinolyl N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) method for the derivatization of amino acids in the bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were explored and optimized, such as the column temperature, concentration of derivatization reagents, and mobile phase concentration were investigated and optimized. The mobile phase consisted of 20 mM sodium acetate solution (phosphoric acid to adjust pH 5.0) and 60% acetonitrile solution at the flow rate of 1 mL•min-1 . The 23 analytes were separated and determined in a gradient elution procedure; the correlation coefficient r was greater than 0.9990 in the range of 0.1-8.0 μg•mL-1 . The results showed that the content of relevant analytes was significantly changed in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model, the method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of 23 amino acids in bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiansha Li
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suqiong Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhui Jiang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Blanton CA, Barrott JJ, Kunz K, Bunde E, Streff HM, Sparks CA, Williams DW, Gabaldόn AM. The Impact of Hempseed Consumption on Bone Parameters and Body Composition in Growing Female C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35627377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing peak bone mass is critical to healthy aging. Beyond the established roles of dietary minerals and protein on bone integrity, fatty acids and polyphenols modify bone structure. This study investigated the effect of a diet containing hempseeds (HS), which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, on bone mineral density, bone cell populations and body composition. Groups (n = 8 each) of female C57BL/6 mice were fed one of three diets (15% HS by weight; 5% HS; 0% HS (control)) from age 5 to 30 weeks. In vivo whole-body composition and bone mineral density and content were measured every 4 weeks using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ex vivo humeri cell populations in the epiphyseal plate region were determined by sectioning the bone longitudinally, mounting the sections on slides and staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase stain to identify osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Mixed models with repeated measures across experimental weeks showed that neither body weight nor body weight gain across weeks differed among groups yet mice fed the 15% HS diet consumed significantly more food and more kilocalories per g body weight gained than those fed the 5% HS and control diets (p < 0.0001). Across weeks, fat mass was significantly higher in the 5% HS versus the control group (p = 0.02). At the end point, whole-body bone mineral content was significantly higher in the control compared to the 5% HS group (p = 0.02). Humeri from both HS groups displayed significantly lower osteoblast densities compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). No relationship was seen between osteoblast density and body composition measurements. These data invite closer examination of bone cell activity and microarchitecture to determine the effect of habitual HS consumption on bone integrity.
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Serpente P, Zhang Y, Islimye E, Hart-Johnson S, Gould AP. Quantification of fetal organ sparing in maternal low-protein dietary models. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:218. [PMID: 35634534 PMCID: PMC9120932 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17124.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal malnutrition can lead to fetal growth restriction. This is often associated with organ sparing and long-lasting physiological dysfunctions during adulthood, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. Methods: Low protein (LP) dietary models in C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate the proximal effects of maternal malnutrition on fetal organ weights and organ sparing at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). Results: Maternal 8% LP diet induced strikingly different degrees of fetal growth restriction in different animal facilities, but adjustment of dietary protein content allowed similar fetal body masses to be obtained. A maternal LP diet that restricted fetal body mass by 40% did not decrease fetal brain mass to the same extent, reflecting positive growth sparing of this organ. Under these conditions, fetal pancreas and liver mass decreased by 60-70%, indicative of negative organ sparing. A series of dietary swaps between LP and standard diets showed that the liver is capable of efficient catch-up growth from as late as E14.5 whereas, after E10.5, the pancreas is not. Conclusions: This study highlights that the reproducibility of LP fetal growth restriction studies between laboratories can be improved by careful calibration of maternal dietary protein content. LP diets that induce 30-40% restriction of prenatal growth provide a good model for fetal organ sparing. For the liver, recovery of growth following protein restriction is efficient throughout fetal development but, for the pancreas, transient LP exposures spanning the progenitor expansion phase lead to an irreversible fetal growth deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Serpente
- Laboratory of Physiology and Metabolism, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, UK, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Physiology and Metabolism, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eva Islimye
- Laboratory of Physiology and Metabolism, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sarah Hart-Johnson
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, UK, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alex P. Gould
- Laboratory of Physiology and Metabolism, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, UK, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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Fu X, Li T, Yao Q. The Effect of Ophiopogonin C in Ameliorating Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in C57BL/6 Mice: An Update Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811183. [PMID: 35433490 PMCID: PMC9007236 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess and update the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Ophiopogonin C (OP-C), a biologically active component separated and purified from Ophiopogon japonicus, in ameliorating radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice administered thoracic radiation. Methods and Materials We randomly divided 75 mice into five groups and administered a dose of 12-Gy whole thoracic radiation to establish a pulmonary fibrosis animal model. Mice were treated with OP-C or dexamethasone combined with or without cephalexin by daily gavage for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after the completion of thoracic irradiation at 28 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were evaluated. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in lung tissue were measured. The severity of fibrosis was evaluated using the hydroxyproline content of the lung tissue. The pathological changes in the five groups were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Smooth muscle actin expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases-2 (TIMP-2) were examined by immunohistochemical staining of the lung sections, and semiquantitative analysis was used to calculate the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Results Irradiated mice treated with OP-C or DXE combined with or without cephalexin significantly reduced mortality in mice and fibrosis levels by 1) reducing the deposition of collagen and accumulation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, 2) downgrading levels of the promote-fibrosis cytokine TGF-β1, and 3) increasing SOD activity in the lung tissue compared with that of irradiated mice without treatment. However, there were no statistical differences in fibrosis levels among the irradiated mice treated with OP-C or DXE combined with or without cephalexin. Conclusion OP-C significantly ameliorates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and may be a promising therapeutic strategy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Neri TAN, Palmos GN, Park SY, Jung TS, Choi BD. Hair Growth-Promoting Activities of Glycosaminoglycans Extracted from the Tunics of Ascidian ( Halocynthia roretzi). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061096. [PMID: 35335427 PMCID: PMC8950973 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the ages, hair has had psychological and sociological importance in framing the personality and general appearance of an individual. Despite efforts to solve this problem, no groundbreaking measures have been proposed. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and associated proteoglycans have important functions in homeostatic maintenance and regenerative processes of the skin. However, little is known about the role of these molecules in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle. Three fractions (F1, F2 and F3) were obtained after separation and purification of GAGs from ascidian tunics. F1 was observed to contain a small amount of amino sugar while high contents of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine were noted in F2 and F3. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (∆Di-6S) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose (∆Di-4S) were the main disaccharide components. F3 exhibited the highest proliferation activity on human follicle dermal papilla (HFDP) cells. In addition, mixed samples (FFM) of F2 and F3 at different concentrations showed peak activities for five days. After cell culture at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the inhibition effect was higher than that for Minoxidil. Application of 10 mg of FFM to the hair of mice for 28 days resulted in a hair growth effect similar to that of Minoxidil, a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Ariane N. Neri
- Nutrition Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea;
| | - Grace N. Palmos
- Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo 5023, Philippines;
| | - Shin Young Park
- Food Hygiene Laboratory, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea;
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Byeong-Dae Choi
- Nutrition Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-9142; Fax: +82-55-772-9149
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El-Morsy SMA, El-Tantawy SAM, El-Shabasy EA. Antischistosomal effects of Ficus carica leaves extract and/or PZQ on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:87-102. [PMID: 35299912 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug of choice used for treatment of human schistosomes because of its safety and broad-spectrum activity. It is reported that the repeated chemotherapy is complicated by the occurrence of drug resistance to schistosomiasis. So there is an urgent need to develop new drug combinations therapy. The current study aimed to evaluate antischistosomal activity of F. carica leaves extract alone or in combination with PZQ on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Mice were experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni and orally administrated 6 weeks' post-infection with Fig leaves extract and/or PZQ. Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-infected mice were separated into four groups: untreated (I), treated with PZQ in dose of 200 mg/kg bw (II), treated with Fig leaves extract dose of 400 mg/kg bw (III). Group IV was treated with dose of Fig leaves extract-PZQ as in groups II and III, respectively. The effect was detected parasitologically using ova count technique and oogram pattern in intestine and liver. The greatest antischistosomal effect was achieved using orally administered Fig leaves extract-PZQ as indicated by total worm burden, tissue egg count and oogram pattern. Fig leaves extract + PZQ induced the therapeutic efficacy over the PZQ dose alone in intestine and liver as shown by a complete absence of immature worms, a very high reduction in the total numbers of tissue egg load (59.81% vs. 61.43% & 67.96% vs. 73.46%), mature eggs (37.86 ± 1.4 vs. 34.14 ± 1.9) and increasing in the total number of dead eggs (62.14 ± 1.4vs.67.29 ± 1.76). The results suggested the curcumin in combination with PZQ as a strong schistosomicidal regimen against S. mansoni. In addition, F. carica leaves extract is a promising for PZQ potentiating its antischistosomal action in animal model infected with S. mansoni. Therefore, the present work conclude that combined treatment has a synergetic effect and could be more promising in the management of schistosomiasis.
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Huntemann N, Vogelsang A, Groeneweg L, Willison A, Herrmann AM, Meuth SG, Eichler S. An optimized and validated protocol for inducing chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6J mice. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 367:109443. [PMID: 34920025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis. However, variations in the induction protocol can affect EAE progression, and may reduce the comparability of data. OPTIMIZED METHOD In the present study, we investigated the influence of the different components used for EAE induction in C57BL/6J mice on disease progression. In the present study, MOG35-55-induced chronic EAE in C57BL/6J mice has been applied as a model to challenge optimal pertussis toxin (PTx) dosing, while considering variations in batch potency. RESULTS We demonstrate that the dosage of PTx, adjusted to its potency, influences EAE development in a dose-dependent manner. Our data show that with our protocol, which considers PTx potency, C57BL/6J mice consistently develop symptoms of EAE. The mice show a typical chronic course with symptom onset after 10.5 ± 1.08 days and maximum severity around day 16 postimmunization followed by a mild remission of symptoms. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Previously studies reveal that alterations in PTx dosing directly modify EAE progression. Our present study highlights that PTx batches differ in potency, resulting in inconsistent EAE induction. We also provide a clear protocol that allows a reduction in the number of mice used in EAE experiments, while maintaining consistent results. CONCLUSION Higher standards for comparability and reproducibility are needed to ensure and maximize the generation of reliable EAE data. Specifically, consideration of PTx potency. With our method of establishing consistent EAE pathogenesis, improved animal welfare standards and a reduction of mice used in experimentation can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Huntemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anna Vogelsang
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Linda Groeneweg
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alice Willison
- The Northern Foundation School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne University Hospitals, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Susann Eichler
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Stone S, Rothan HA, Natekar JP, Kumari P, Sharma S, Pathak H, Arora K, Auroni TT, Kumar M. SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Infect the Respiratory Tract and Induce Inflammatory Response in Wild-Type Laboratory Mice. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010027. [PMID: 35062231 PMCID: PMC8777867 DOI: 10.3390/v14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern pose a major threat to public health, due to possible enhanced virulence, transmissibility and immune escape. These variants may also adapt to new hosts, in part through mutations in the spike protein. In this study, we evaluated the infectivity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Six-week-old mice were inoculated intranasally with a representative virus from the original B.1 lineage, or the emerging B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 lineages. We also infected a group of mice with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10). Viral load and mRNA levels of multiple cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in the lung tissues on day 3 after infection. Our data show that unlike the B.1 virus, the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 viruses are capable of infecting C57BL/6 mice and replicating at high concentrations in the lungs. The B.1.351 virus replicated to higher titers in the lungs compared with the B.1.1.7 and MA10 viruses. The levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and chemokine (CCL2) were upregulated in response to the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 infection in the lungs. In addition, robust expression of viral nucleocapsid protein and histopathological changes were detected in the lungs of B.1.351-infected mice. Overall, these data indicate a greater potential for infectivity and adaptation to new hosts by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Rungseevijitprapa W, Wichayapreechar P, Sivamaruthi BS, Jinarat D, Chaiyasut C. Optimization and Transfollicular Delivery of Finasteride-Loaded Proniosomes for Hair Growth Stimulation in C57BL/6Mlac Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2177. [PMID: 34959458 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to develop the finasteride-loaded proniosome (FLP) to enhance the transfollicular delivery of finasteride (FN). The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with central composite design (CCD) with three independent variables (FN concentrations, total lipid content, and cholesterol content) was used to optimize the FLP preparation. The particles size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading capacity of the FLP were analyzed. The transfollicular delivery of the optimum formulation was investigated in vitro. In vivo hair growth stimulation study was performed on C57BL/6Mlac mice dorsal areas. The Draize primary skin irritation test for erythema and edema was performed in the New Zealand white rabbit skin. The optimum FLP consists of 5.0 mM of FN, 10.1 mM of total lipid content, and 50.0% of the cholesterol in the total lipid. The prepared proniosome delivered the FN significantly (p < 0.05), compared to the naked finasteride solution in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The FLP treatment significantly increases the number and size of hair follicles in a dose-dependent manner. The efficiency of 1% FLP was comparable to the 2% minoxidil solution. The FLP exhibited no skin irritation after 72 h. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the FLP could stimulate hair growth via a transfollicular delivery system.
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Nikunjkumar P, Tamil Selvan RP, Bhanuprakash V. Ribavirin as a curative and prophylactic agent against foot and mouth disease virus infection in C57BL/6 suckling and adult mice model. Virusdisease 2021; 32:737-747. [PMID: 34901324 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of control measures for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), the application of antiviral agents is imperative due to certain limitations in the prevention and control of FMD. This study pertains to systematic in vivo investigation of ribavirin as a prophylactic/curative agent, both in suckling and adult C57BL/6 mice against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. In the adult mice, antiviral efficacy was assessed based on standard clinical score, body weight, and viral load. Only 13.33 to 33.33% of adult mice exhibited disease-specific symptoms following treatment and infection and vice versa, respectively, indicating the antiviral efficacy of the ribavirin. Further, the distribution of virus in different vital organs following ribavirin treatment and virus infection, and vice versa using SYBR green-based real-time PCR is reported. In the blood sample, the viral RNA was detected as early as two days post-infection and there was a significant reduction in virus titer (1000 to 10,000-folds) in the treatment groups compared to the infection control group. Animals receiving ribavirin had significantly lower organ virus titers at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 14 days post-challenge (dpc) than placebo-treated. In suckling mice, the treatment groups were 100% protected/cured compared to the control group. Thus, our data demonstrate that ribavirin may provide a feasible therapeutic approach to prevent as well as to treat FMDV infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00746-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Nikunjkumar
- FMD Vaccine Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), HA Farm (P.O), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
| | - Ramasamy Periyasamy Tamil Selvan
- FMD Vaccine Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), HA Farm (P.O), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
| | - Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash
- FMD Vaccine Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), HA Farm (P.O), Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024 India
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Medina-Buelvas DM, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Vega L. Characterisation of Macrophage Polarisation in Mice Infected with Ninoa Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Pathogens 2021; 10:1444. [PMID: 34832600 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) play a key role in the development of the protective immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. To determine the role of MΦ subtypes M1 and M2 in the development of immunity against the Mexican strain of T. cruzi (Ninoa strain), we have analysed in a time course the infection and characterised the M1 and M2 subtypes in two mouse models, BALB/c and C57BL/6. After infection, BALB/c mice developed an increased blood parasite load and the parasites were cleared from the blood one week later than in C57BL/6 mice. However, similar cellular infiltrate and cardiac alterations were observed between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. At 36 days, the T. cruzi infection differentially modulated the expression of immune cells, and both the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice significantly reduced TCD4+ cells. However, BALB/c mice produced significantly more TCD8+ than C57BL/6 mice in the spleen and lymph nodes. Furthermore, BALB/c mice produce significantly more MΦ in the spleen, while C57BL/6 produce similar levels to uninfected mice. The M1 MΦ ratio increased significantly at 3-5 days post-infection (dpi), but then decreased slightly. On the contrary, the M2 MΦ were low at the beginning of the infection, but the proportion of M1 and M2 MΦ at 36 dpi was similar. Importantly, the MΦ subtypes M2c and M2d significantly increased the induction of tissue repair by the end of the acute phase of the infection. These results indicate that the Ninoa strain has developed strategies to modulate the immune response, with fine differences depending on the genetic background of the host.
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Yan L, Nielsen FH, Sundaram S, Cao J. Voluntary running of defined distances alters bone microstructure in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1337-1344. [PMID: 34000207 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for pathological conditions such as bone loss. On the other hand, physical exercise reduces body adiposity. To test the hypothesis that physical activity improves bone quality, we evaluated voluntary running of defined distances on trabecular and cortical microstructure in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Sedentary mice were fed the standard AIN93G diet or the HFD. Mice fed the HFD remained sedentary or were assigned to unrestricted running or 75%, 50%, and 25% of unrestricted running with an average running activity at 8.3, 6.3, 4.2, and 2.1 km per day, respectively. The bone structural differences found in sedentary mice were that HFD, compared with the AIN93G diet, resulted in a lower bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and a higher structure model index (SMI) in vertebrae. Running had a greater effect on trabecular microstructure in femurs than in vertebrae; the decrease in SMI and an increase in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were in dose-dependent manners. Running was positively correlated with BV/TV and Tb.Th and inversely correlated with SMI in femurs. The HFD increased plasma concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a marker of bone resorption, in sedentary mice, while running decreased it in a dose-dependent manner. The findings show that voluntary running improves bone quality in young adult mice fed an HFD. Novelty: The high-fat diet alters bone microstructure by increasing bone resorption. Quantitative voluntary running improves bone microstructure through its attenuation of bone resorption in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Forrest H Nielsen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sneha Sundaram
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Jay Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Wang J, Li Y, Yu H, Li G, Bai S, Chen S, Zhang P, Tang Z. Dl-3-N-Butylphthalide Promotes Angiogenesis in an Optimized Model of Transient Ischemic Attack in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751397. [PMID: 34658892 PMCID: PMC8513739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) has been widely regarded as a clinical entity. Even though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results of TIA patients are negative, potential neurovascular damage might be present, and may account for long-term cognitive impairment. Animal models that simulate human diseases are essential tools for in-depth study of TIA. Previous studies have clarified that Dl-3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) promotes angiogenesis after stroke. However, the effects of NBP on TIA remain unknown. This study aims to develop an optimized TIA model in C57BL/6 mice to explore the microscopic evidence of ischemic injury after TIA, and investigate the therapeutic effects of NBP on TIA. C57BL/6 mice underwent varying durations (7, 8, 9 or 10 min) of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion were assessed by laser speckle contrast imaging. TIA and ischemic stroke were distinguished by neurological testing and MRI examination at 24 h post-operation. Neuronal apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. Images of submicron cerebrovascular networks were obtained via micro-optical sectioning tomography. Subsequently, the mice were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group, a vehicle-treated TIA group or an NBP-treated TIA group. Vascular density was determined by immunofluorescent staining and fluorescein isothiocyanate method, and the expression of angiogenic growth factors were detected by western blot analysis. We found that an 8-min or shorter period of ischemia induced neither permanent neurological deficits nor MRI detectable brain lesions in C57BL/6 mice, but histologically caused neuronal apoptosis and cerebral vasculature abnormalities. NBP treatment increased the number of CD31+ microvessels and perfused microvessels after TIA. NBP also up-regulated the expression of VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 and improved the cerebrovascular network. In conclusion, 8 min or shorter cerebral ischemia induced by the suture MCAO method is an appropriate TIA model in C57BL/6 mice, which conforms to the definition of human TIA, but causes microscopic neurovascular impairment. NBP treatment increased the expression of angiogenic growth factors, promoted angiogenesis and improved cerebral microvessels after TIA. Our study provides new insights on the pathogenesis and potential treatments of TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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