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Byard RW, Perumal R. Identifying and documenting osseous trauma from shark attacks by post mortem CT examination and autopsy. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024:10.1007/s12024-024-00823-6. [PMID: 38703260 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A 15-year-old male was attacked by a large white shark while surfing. CT examination revealed an above-knee amputation of the right lower extremity with stripping of soft tissues from the groin distally. 3-dimensional volume rendering did not show any fragments of shark teeth but did reveal linear gouges, areas of shaving of cortical bone and an inverted 'V'-shaped defect at the distal margin of the femoral shaft. At autopsy these injuries were confirmed in addition to areas with fine parallel cross-striations matching the marginal serrations of the teeth of a white shark. Thus, while post mortem CT with 3-dimensional reconstruction at high resolution can show the nature and number of the bony injuries following shark attack, it is complimented by pathological examination which may find fine parallel grooves from teeth serrations. Post mortem 3-dimensional volume rendering may also help to find or exclude fragments of teeth, and silicone casting may provide a permanent record of bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Byard
- Adelaide School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Forensic Science SA, Frome Rd and Divett Place, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Raj Perumal
- Adelaide School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Forensic Science SA, Frome Rd and Divett Place, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Borawski W, Kiełbowicz Z, Kubiak-Nowak D, Prządka P, Pasternak G. Computed Tomographic Findings of Dental Disease and Secondary Diseases of the Head Area in Client-Owned Domestic Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus): 90 Cases. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1160. [PMID: 38672307 PMCID: PMC11047664 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic rabbits have teeth that grow throughout the animal's life and are prone to disease. Clinical signs of dental disease in domestic rabbits are non-specific, and, therefore, a definitive diagnosis usually requires additional methods. This study was carried out on a group of 105 domestic rabbits aged 3 to 9 years. In total, 90 domestic rabbits with dental disease visible on CT images and other secondary diseases of the head area qualified for this study. Malocclusion was found in 57 (63.3%). Retrograde elongation of the tooth apices in the mandible was present in 39 (43.3%), and it was present in the maxilla in 48 (53%). Clinical tooth crowns were overgrown in 39 (43%). Dental abscesses were present in 54 (63%). Secondary to the presence of a dental abscess, osteomyelitis was found in 43 (79% of the animals with a dental abscess). Dental inflammatory resorption was found in 36 (40%). Secondary to dental disease, nasal cavity inflammation was found in 18 (20%). Otitis media was present in six (6.7%). The most common dental disease found in this study's animals was malocclusion secondary to abnormal clinical crown abrasion and abnormal tooth growth. In domestic rabbits, osteomyelitis is a common complication of dental abscesses. Computed tomography is an invaluable diagnostic method in the diagnosis of dental disease and secondary diseases of the head area, such as inflammation of the nasal cavities or otitis media, in pet rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Borawski
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (D.K.-N.); (P.P.)
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (D.K.-N.); (P.P.)
| | - Dominika Kubiak-Nowak
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (D.K.-N.); (P.P.)
| | - Przemysław Prządka
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (D.K.-N.); (P.P.)
| | - Gerard Pasternak
- 3rd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Wrocław, ul. Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Kolencik S, Stanley EL, Punnath A, Grant AR, Doña J, Johnson KP, Allen JM. Parasite escape mechanisms drive morphological diversification in avian lice. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232665. [PMID: 38531401 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms that have repeatedly evolved similar morphologies owing to the same selective pressures provide excellent cases in which to examine specific morphological changes and their relevance to the ecology and evolution of taxa. Hosts of permanent parasites act as an independent evolutionary experiment, as parasites on these hosts are thought to be undergoing similar selective pressures. Parasitic feather lice have repeatedly diversified into convergent ecomorphs in different microhabitats on their avian hosts. We quantified specific morphological characters to determine (i) which traits are associated with each ecomorph, (ii) the quantitative differences between these ecomorphs, and (iii) if there is evidence of displacement among co-occurring lice as might be expected under louse-louse competition on the host. We used nano-computed tomography scan data of 89 specimens, belonging to four repeatedly evolved ecomorphs, to examine their mandibular muscle volume, limb length and three-dimensional head shape data. Here, we find evidence that lice repeatedly evolve similar morphologies as a mechanism to escape host defences, but also diverge into different ecomorphs related to the way they escape these defences. Lice that co-occur with other genera on a host exhibit greater morphological divergence, indicating a potential role of competition in evolutionary divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kolencik
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Aswaj Punnath
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Avery R Grant
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jorge Doña
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Julie M Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Li B, Wu Z, Wang J. The target sign: a significant CT sign for predicting small-bowel ischemia and necrosis. Radiol Med 2024; 129:368-379. [PMID: 38355906 PMCID: PMC10942902 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-024-01793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between changes in the thickness and density of diseased small-bowel wall and small-bowel ischemia and necrosis (SBN) on CT imaging when small-bowel obstruction (SBO) occurs. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 186 patients with SBO in our hospital from March 2020 to June 2023. The patients were divided into simple SBO (control group) and SBN (case group) groups. We used logistic regression analysis, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test to analyze the correlation between the changes in the thickness and density of the diseased intestinal wall and the SBN. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the accuracy of the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of the 186 patients with SBO, 98 (52.7%) had simple SBO, 88 (47.3%) had SBN, and the rate of SBN was 47.3% (88/186). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that six CT findings were significantly correlated with SBN (p < 0.05), namely, thickening of the diseased intestinal wall with the target sign (OR = 21.615), thinning of the diseased intestinal wall (OR = 48.106), increase in the diseased intestinal wall density (OR = 13.696), mesenteric effusion (OR = 21.635), decrease in the diseased intestinal wall enhancement on enhanced scanning (OR = 41.662), and increase in the diseased intestinal wall enhancement on enhanced scanning (OR = 15.488). The AUC of the multivariate analysis reached 0.987 (95% CI 0.974-0.999). Specifically, the target sign was easily recognizable on CT images and was a significant CT finding for predicting SBN. CONCLUSION We identified 6 CT findings that were significantly associated with SBN, and may be helpful for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Eighth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng Central Hospital, No.3690 Hedong East Street, Yanhu District, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, No. 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Eighth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng Central Hospital, No.3690 Hedong East Street, Yanhu District, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, China
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Zhang B, Tong H. The comparative anatomy of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four small-sized deer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:566-580. [PMID: 37610098 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide complete 3D reconstructions of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four kinds of small-sized deer (Elaphodus cephalophus, Muntiacus reevesi, Muntiacus muntjak, Hydropotes inermis) based on high-resolution CT scanning, and select one musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) as a comparative object. The petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus are illustrated for the first time, as well as the petrosal bones of M. reevesi and H. inermis. Some morphological characters of petrosal bone and bony labyrinth can be used to distinguish the above-mentioned species. For example, M. moschiferus shows a prominent transpromontorial sulcus and a ventral basicapsular groove on the petrosal bone; there is a bifurcate cochlear aqueduct on the bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus; there is a distinct fusion between the lateral and posterior semicircular canals on the bony labyrinth of H. inermis. Meanwhile, there are some intraspecific variations on the subarcuate fossa, the tegmen tympani, the cochlear aqueduct, as well as the endolymphatic sac. Our results further confirm that the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth have enormous potential for taxonomy. This work will provide new anatomical data for the phylogenetic study of ruminants in the future, and it will be very practical to identify the isolated ruminants' petrosal bones that are frequently unearthed from paleontological or archeological sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- National Natural History Museum of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haowen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Q, Hu X, Zhao Y, Jiang N, Yu X, Feng Y, Zhang J. Microscopic deposition-property relationships in microbial-induced consolidation of coal dusts. Environ Res 2024; 244:117956. [PMID: 38128598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the preparation of new microbial dust suppressants based on microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology through enriched urease-producing microbial communities has become a new topic in the field of coal dust control. The deposition of CaCO3 was the key to suppress coal dust. However, deposition characteristics in the field is not sufficient and the relationship between deposition characteristics and erosion resistance is not clear, which hinders the development of engineering application of new microbial dust suppressant. Therefore, based on X-CT technology, this paper observed and quantified micro-deposition of bio-consolidated coal dust with different calcium sources. Furthermore, a conceptual framework for deposition was proposed and its correlation with erosion resistance was revealed. The results showed that CaCO3 induced by calcium chloride and calcium lactate was aggregate deposited. Aggregate deposited CaCO3 was small in volume, showed the distribution of aggregation in the central area and loose outside, and mosaiced pores. CaCO3 induced by calcium nitrate was surface deposition due to attached biomass. Surface deposition was mostly large volume CaCO3 expanding from the inside out, which could cover coal dust to a high degree and completely cemented pores. In addition, the threshold detachment velocity of coal dust cemented by surface deposition was increased by 17.6-19.1% compared to aggregate deposition. This depended on the abundance and strength of CaCO3 bonding between coal dust particles under different deposition. The two-factor model based on porosity and CaCO3 coverage can well express relationship between erosion resistance and depositional characteristics. Those results will help the engineering application of MICP technology in coal dust suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China.
| | - Ningjun Jiang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Xiaoniu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
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Lu L, Chen H, Ren M, Xu S, Li Y, Zhou T, Yang Y. Study on Fatigue Life of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 Based on Random Defect Characteristics. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1133. [PMID: 38473604 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A certain number of hole-like defects will occur in aluminum alloys under cyclic loading. The internal holes will reduce the strength of the material and cause stress concentration, which will aggravate the development of fatigue damage. A classification method of defect features based on X-ray CT damage data is proposed. The random hole distribution model is established through the linear congruence method and the region division method. The hole parameter is introduced as the intermediate variable of the 3D reconstruction model of internal defects. In the mesoscopic stage, the function relationship between the distribution of random holes and the fatigue life is established based on the coupling relationship between the number and proportion of pores and the fatigue life. In the macroscopic stage, the relationship between the random holes and the macroscopic crack growth life is established by taking the crack length as the damage variable. The crack propagation rate decreased with the increase in the number of holes. The prediction model of the whole life stage is established using the life function from microcrack initiation to macroscopic crack propagation. Finally, the validity of the whole stage fatigue life prediction model is demonstrated through the comparison and verification of experiments, which provides a certain engineering value for the life estimation of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingming Ren
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Sha Xu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tianjun Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Niu Z, Yang Z. Influence of High-Frequency Ultrasonic Vibration Load on Pore-Fracture Structure in Hard Rock: A Study Based on 3D Reconstruction Technology. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1127. [PMID: 38473598 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Rock fracture is a macroscopic fracturing process resulting from the initiation and propagation of microscopic cracks. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the damage and fracture mechanism of rock under ultrasonic vibration by investigating the evolutionary pattern of the meso-pore fracture structure in response to high-frequency vibrational loads, as explored in this study. Standard red sandstone samples with a diameter of 50 mm and height of 100 mm were subjected to ultrasonic high-frequency vibration tests. NMR and CT scans were conducted on the rock samples at different stages of ultrasonic vibration excitation to obtain the corresponding transverse relaxation time (T2) spectra and CT scan images for each layer. The NMR test results revealed that smaller pores formed within the rock under high-frequency vibration loads, with a noticeable expansion observed in micropores. Three-dimensional reconstruction analysis based on two-dimensional CT images demonstrated an increase in pore count by 145.56%, 122.67%, and 98.87%, respectively, for the upper, middle, and lower parts of the rock after 120 s of ultrasonic vibration excitation; furthermore, the maximum pore volume increased by 239.42%, 109.16%, and 18.99%, respectively, for these regions during this period as well. These findings contribute towards a deeper understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying rock fragmentation when exposed to high-frequency vibrational loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, China Pingmei Shenma Group, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitoring and Prevention, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitoring and Prevention, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhijun Niu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitoring and Prevention, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, China Pingmei Shenma Group, Pingdingshan 467000, China
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Edgley DE, Carruthers M, Gabagambi NP, Saxon AD, Smith AM, Joyce DA, Vernaz G, Santos ME, Turner GF, Genner MJ. Lateral line system diversification during the early stages of ecological speciation in cichlid fish. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38378480 PMCID: PMC10877828 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanosensory lateral line system is an important sensory modality in fishes, informing multiple behaviours related to survival including finding food and navigating in dark environments. Given its ecological importance, we may expect lateral line morphology to be under disruptive selection early in the ecological speciation process. Here we quantify the lateral line system morphology of two ecomorphs of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia calliptera in crater Lake Masoko that have diverged from common ancestry within the past 1,000 years. RESULTS Based on geometric morphometric analyses of CT scans, we show that the zooplanktivorous benthic ecomorph that dominates the deeper waters of the lake has large cranial lateral line canal pores, relative to those of the nearshore invertebrate-feeding littoral ecomorph found in the shallower waters. In contrast, fluorescence imaging revealed no evidence for divergence between ecomorphs in the number of either superficial or canal neuromasts. We illustrate the magnitude of the variation we observe in Lake Masoko A. calliptera in the context of the neighbouring Lake Malawi mega-radiation that comprises over 700 species. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of divergence in this often-overlooked sensory modality in the early stages of ecological speciation, suggesting that it may have a role in the broader adaptive radiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan E Edgley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Madeleine Carruthers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nestory P Gabagambi
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kyela Centre, P.O. Box 98, Kyela, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Andrew D Saxon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alan M Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Domino A Joyce
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Grégoire Vernaz
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK, Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Emília Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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10
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Beri A, Pisulkar SK, Paikrao B, Bagde A, Bansod A, Shrivastava A, Jain R. Quantitate evaluation of photogrammetry with CT scanning for orbital defect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3104. [PMID: 38326414 PMCID: PMC10850061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Facial deformities can be caused by cancer, tumours, trauma, infections, congenital or acquired defects and may lead to alteration in basic functions such as communication, breathing, and mastication and aesthetic thereby affecting quality of life. Traditional processes for manufacturing maxillofacial prostheses involve complicated, time-consuming and tedious processes for the patient and the operator. Impression of the defect area, which is the one of the crucial step in fabrication of prosthesis, is the longest and most difficult process as it requires a long contact with the patient. The digital revolution is now changing the landscape of prosthetic production and making the impression making procedure simpler. Digital technology reduces patient chair side time by providing more accurate display data in less time (3-5 min) than traditional methods. Digital impressions eliminate the need for bulky impression materials and provide a more comfortable patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Beri
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India.
| | - Sweta Kale Pisulkar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India
| | - Balaji Paikrao
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, M.S., 44200, India
| | - Ashutosh Bagde
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, M.S., 44200, India
| | - Akansha Bansod
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India
| | - Akshay Shrivastava
- Department of Orthodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (DU), Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Ritul Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India
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Liu N, Su C, Xue J. Application of Computed Tomography Scanning Parameters Combined with Serum Cripto-1 in the Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma. ARCH ESP UROL 2024; 77:25-30. [PMID: 38374009 DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247701.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyse the clinical value of computed tomography (CT) scanning parameters combined with serum teratoma-derived growth factor-1 (Cripto-1) in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 256 patients with renal tumour admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to December 2022. They were divided into malignant group (n = 180) and benign group (n = 76) based on the final pathological results. All subjects underwent CT scans and serum Cripto-1 testing. The CT signs and serum Cripto-1 levels of the patients were analysed, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS The pathological diagnosis results showed 180 cases of malignant tumours, including 73 cases of clear cell carcinoma, 60 cases of papillary RCC and 47 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma as well as 76 cases of benign tumour, including 31 cases of renal angiomyolipoma, 25 cases of eosinophilic tumour and 20 cases of renal fibroma. The malignant group had significantly higher incidence of cystic necrosis, uneven enhancement and rapid progression than the benign group (p < 0.01). The incidence of calcification was not statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The malignant group had lower CT value of focus (p < 0.01) and relative corrected CT value of the renal cortex (p < 0.05), and significantly higher serum levels of Cripto-1 (p < 0.01) than the malignant group. The area under the curve of the combined diagnosis was significantly higher than that of serum Cripto-1 alone and comprehensive diagnosis of CT parameters (pcombined diagnosis vs serum Cripto-1 < 0.001, pcombined diagnosis vs comprehensive diagnosis of CT parameters = 0.002). The sensitivity of the combined diagnosis was also higher than that of serum Cripto-1 and CT parameters alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CT scanning parameters and serum Cripto-1 has high value in the diagnosis of renal tumours, and the area under the curve and sensitivity of the combined diagnosis are high. This work provides reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of renal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Jinan Central Hospital, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Su
- Oncology Department, Jinan Central Hospital, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianghua Xue
- Interventional Department, Jinan Central Hospital, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Tkac J, Toth T, Fedorko G, Molnar V, Dovica M, Samborski S. Surface Evaluation of Gyroid Structures for Manufacturing Rubber-Textile Conveyor Belt Carcasses Using Micro-CT. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:48. [PMID: 38201713 PMCID: PMC10780684 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gyroid structures are among the most widely used three-dimensional elements produced by various additive manufacturing technologies. This paper focuses on a metrological analysis of Flexfill 92A material specimens with a relative density (25 to 85%) using industrial computer tomography. The results show that for a given structure, the best method is to use surface determination with the closure of internal defects in the material. The analysis implies that the smallest deviations of the specimens' external dimensions were achieved with respect to the CAD model at the highest relative densities. The wall thickness shows the smallest percentage change of 0.5685 at 45% relative density and the largest at 25% and 85% relative density. The nominal-actual comparison of manufactured specimens to the CAD model shows the smallest cumulative deviation of 0.209 mm at 90% and 25% relative density, while it slightly increases with increasing relative density. All produced specimens have a smaller material volume than their theoretical volume value, while the percentage change in volume is up to 8.6%. The surface of specimens is larger compared with the theoretical values and the percentage change reaches up to 25.3%. The percentage of pores in the specimens increases with increasing relative density and reaches 6%. The acquired knowledge will be applied in the framework of research focused on the possibilities of using additive manufacturing to produce a skeleton of rubber-textile conveyor belts. This paper presents initial research on the possibility of replacing the carcass of rubber-textile belts with an additive technology use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Tkac
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Kosice with a seat in Presov, Sturova 31, 08001 Presov, Slovakia;
| | - Teodor Toth
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 04200 Kosice, Slovakia; (T.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Gabriel Fedorko
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnology, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenskeho 14, 04200 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vieroslav Molnar
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Kosice with a seat in Presov, Sturova 31, 08001 Presov, Slovakia;
| | - Miroslav Dovica
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 04200 Kosice, Slovakia; (T.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Sylwester Samborski
- Department of Fundamentals of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
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13
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Kiguchi T, Kitamura T, Katayama Y, Hirose T, Matsuyama T, Kiyohara K, Umemura Y, Tachino J, Nakao S, Ishida K, Ojima M, Noda T, Fujimi S. Timing of computed tomography imaging in adult patients with severe trauma: A nationwide cohort study in Japan. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 73:109-115. [PMID: 37647845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Computed tomography (CT) has become essential for the management of trauma patients. However, appropriate timing of CT acquisition remains undetermined. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between time to CT acquisition and mortality among adult patients with severe trauma. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank, which had 256 participating institutions from all over Japan between 2004 and 2018. Patients were categorized upon arrival as either severe trunk trauma with signs of shock or severe head trauma with coma and separately analyzed. Cases were further divided into three groups based on time elapsed between arrival at hospital and CT acquisition as immediate (0-29 min), intermediate (30-59 min), or late (≥60 min). Primary outcome was mortality on discharge, and multivariate logistic regression with adjusting for confounders was used for evaluation. RESULTS A total of 8467 (3640 in immediate group, 3441 in intermediate group, 1386 in late group) with trunk trauma patients and 6762 (4367 in immediate group, 2031 in intermediate group, 364 in late group) with head trauma patients were eligible for analysis included in the trunk and head trauma groups, respectively. The trunk trauma patients with shock on hospital arrival was 56.4% (4773/8467), and the head trauma patients with deep coma upon EMS arrival was 44.2% (2988/6762). Mortality rate gradually increased from 5.7% to 15.8% with prolonged time to CT imaging among trunk trauma patients. Multivariate logistic regression for death on discharge among trunk trauma patients yielded an adjusted odds ratio of 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.42-2.27) for the late group compared to the immediate group. In contrast, among head trauma patients, an adjusted odds ratio was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-1.20) for the late group compared to the immediate group. CONCLUSION CT scan at or after 60 min was associated with increased death on discharge among patients with severe trunk trauma but not in those with severe head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Kiguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56, Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoemachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Katayama
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Hiroko-ji noboru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University Tokyo, 12, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Umemura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56, Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jotaro Tachino
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Nakao
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ishida
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14, Honenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ojima
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14, Honenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Noda
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University School of Medicine, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujimi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56, Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Richter S, Czeiter E, Amrein K, Mikolic A, Verheyden J, Wang K, Maas AIR, Steyerberg E, Büki A, Menon DK, Newcombe VFJ. Prognostic Value of Serum Biomarkers in Patients With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Differentiated by Marshall Computer Tomography Classification. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2297-2310. [PMID: 37376742 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostication is challenging in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in whom computed tomography (CT) fails to fully explain a low level of consciousness. Serum biomarkers reflect the extent of structural damage in a different way than CT does, but it is unclear whether biomarkers provide additional prognostic value across the range of CT abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the added predictive value of biomarkers, differentiated by imaging severity. This prognostic study used data from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study (2014-2017). The analysis included patients aged ≥16 years with a moderate-severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] <13) who had an acute CT and serum biomarkers obtained ≤24h of injury. Of six protein biomarkers (GFAP, NFL, NSE, S100B, Tau, UCH-L1), the most prognostic panel was selected using lasso regression. The performance of established prognostic models (CRASH and IMPACT) was assessed before and after the addition of the biomarker panel and compared between patients with different CT Marshall scores (Marshall score <3 vs. Marshall score ≥3). Outcome was assessed at six months post-injury using the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), and dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable (GOSE <5). We included 872 patients with moderate-severe TBI. The mean age was 47 years (range 16-95); 647 (74%) were male and 438 (50%) had a Marshall CT score <3. The serum biomarkers GFAP, NFL, S100B and UCH-L1 provided complementary prognostic information; NSE and Tau showed no added value. The addition of the biomarker panel to established prognostic models increased the area under the curve (AUC) by 0.08 and 0.03, and the explained variation in outcome by 13-14% and 7-8%, for patients with a Marshall score of <3 and ≥3, respectively. The incremental AUC of biomarkers for individual models was significantly greater when the Marshall score was <3 compared with ≥3 (p < 0.001). Serum biomarkers improve outcome prediction after moderate-severe TBI across the range of imaging severities and especially in patients with a Marshall score <3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Richter
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ana Mikolic
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Verheyden
- Research and Development, icometrix, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarker Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew I R Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ewout Steyerberg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - András Büki
- Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden
| | - David K Menon
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia F J Newcombe
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Gramer R, Shlobin NA, Yang Z, Niedzwiecki D, Haglund MM, Fuller AT. Clinical Utility of Near-Infrared Device in Detecting Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Pilot Study Toward Application as an Emergent Diagnostic Modality in a Low-Resource Setting. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1596-1602. [PMID: 35856820 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited computed tomography (CT) availability in low- and middle-income countries frequently impedes life-saving neurosurgical decompression for traumatic brain injury. A reliable, accessible, cost-effective solution is necessary to detect and localize bleeds. We report the largest study to date using a near-infrared device (NIRD) to detect traumatic intracranial bleeds. Patients with confirmed or suspected head trauma who received a head CT scan were included. Within 30 min of the initial head CT scan, a blinded examiner scanned each patient's cranium with a NIRD, interrogating bilaterally the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital quadrants Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision were investigated. We recruited 500 consecutive patients; 104 patients had intracranial bleeding. For all patients with CT-proven bleeds, irrespective of size, initial NIRD scans localized the bleed to the appropriate quadrant with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 96% compared with CT. For extra-axial bleeds >3.5mL, sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 96%, respectively. For longitudinal serial rescans with the NIRD, sensitivity was 89% (< 4 days from injury: sensitivity: 99%), and specificity was 96%. For all patients who required craniectomy or craniotomy, the device demonstrated 100% sensitivity. NIRD is highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible over time in diagnosing intracranial bleeds. NIRD may inform neurosurgical decision making in settings where CT scanning is unavailable or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gramer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zidanyue Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony T Fuller
- Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Stark P, Chang EY. Sleep Apnea Combined with Pulmonary Hypertension in a Veteran Patient Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4634. [PMID: 37510749 PMCID: PMC10380333 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the concurrence of sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension in a Veteran population. We retrospectively reviewed 142 patients who underwent chest CT scans and had a dilated main pulmonary artery, defined as a width exceeding 29 mm on axial images. Approximately 40% of patients with pulmonary hypertension had associated sleep apnea. No significant difference in pulmonary artery diameters could be found between the group without sleep apnea and the group with sleep apnea (34.5 ± 4.2 mm vs. 34.7 ± 4.4 mm, p = 0.373).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stark
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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17
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Zhi J, Liu Y, Chen J, Jiang N, Xu D, Bo L, Qu G. Performance Evaluation and Oil Displacement Effect of Amphiphilic Polymer Heavy Oil Activator. Molecules 2023; 28:5257. [PMID: 37446919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A heavy oil activator is an amphiphilic polymer solution that contains hydrophilic and oleophobic groups. It can enhance heavy oil recovery efficiency. This paper studied the changes in the distribution of the remaining oil after activator flooding and the performance of heavy oil's active agent. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, laser confocal microscopy, microscopic visualization, and CT scanning techniques were used to analyze crude oil utilization, and the distribution characteristics of the remaining oil during activator flooding of heavy oil. The results showed that the heavy oil activator solution presented a dense spatial network and good viscosification ability. The activator could reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water, disassemble the heavy components of dispersed heavy oil and reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. The utilization degree of the remaining oil in small and middle pores increased significantly after activator flooding, the remaining oil associated with membranous-like and clusterlike structures was utilized to a high degree, and the decline of light/heavy fraction in heavy oil slowed down. Heavy oil activator improved the swept volume and displacement efficiency of heavy oil, playing a significant role in improving the extent of recovery of heavy oil reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Zhi
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Electrical Engineering & Information, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Dezhu Xu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Lifeng Bo
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Guohui Qu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China
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18
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Ensley JE, Tachau KH, Walsh SA, Zhang H, Simon G, Moser L, Atha J, Dilley P, Hoffman EA, Sonka M. Using computed tomography to recover hidden medieval fragments beneath early modern leather bindings, first results. Herit Sci 2023; 11:82. [PMID: 37113562 PMCID: PMC10123051 DOI: 10.1186/s40494-023-00912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Medieval bindings fragments have become increasingly interesting to Humanities researchers as sources for the textual and material history of medieval Europeans. Later book binders used these discarded and repurposed pieces of earlier medieval manuscripts to reinforce the structures of other manuscripts and printed books. That many of these fragments are contained within and obscured by decorative bindings that cannot be dismantled ethically has limited their discovery and description. Although previous attempts to recover these texts using IRT and MA-XRF scanning have been successful, the extensive time required to scan a single book, and the need to modify or create specialized IRT or MA-XRF equipment for this method are drawbacks. Our research proposes and tests the capabilities of medical CT scanning technologies (commonly available at research university medical schools) for making visible and legible these fragments hidden under leather bindings. Our research team identified three sixteenth-century printed codices in our university libraries that were evidently bound in tawed leather by one workshop. The damaged cover of one of these three had revealed medieval manuscript fragments on the book spine; this codex served as a control for testing the other two volumes to see if they, too, contain fragments. The use of a medical CT scanner proved successful in visualizing interior book-spine structures and some letterforms, but not all of the text was made visible. The partial success of CT-scanning points to the value of further experimentation, given the relatively wide availability of medical imaging technologies, with their potential for short, non-destructive, 3D imaging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eric Ensley
- Special Collections & Archives, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | - Susan A. Walsh
- Small Animal Imaging Core, Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Visualization Lab, Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Giselle Simon
- Department of Conservation and Collections Care, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Laura Moser
- Department of Classics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Jarron Atha
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Paul Dilley
- Department of Classics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Department of Religious Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Milan Sonka
- College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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19
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Jian Y, Liu D, Cao K, Tang Y. Compartmentalized Quantitative Analysis of Concrete Sulfate-Damaged Area Based on Ultrasonic Velocity. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2658. [PMID: 37048948 PMCID: PMC10096125 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion of concrete in sulfate environments is a difficult problem in the durability of civil engineering structures. To investigate the variability of deterioration damage to concrete structures by sulfate erosion under non-destructive testing and quantify the protective effect of silane coatings on concrete under the action of sulfate erosion, an accelerated erosion experiment was carried out using field sampling in a tunnel project under a sulfate erosion environment. By means of ultrasonic velocity measurement and CT scanning, the samples protected by a silane coating under the sulfate attack environment were compared with those not protected. The deterioration characteristics of concrete under the sulfate attack environment and the protective effect of silane coating on the concrete structure were analyzed. In addition, a method for evaluating the sulfate damage to concrete based on CT images and ultrasonic velocity analysis was proposed. The results show that the samples prepared in the field show a significant difference in ultrasonic velocity in the process of erosion and deterioration according to the material difference at the measuring point interface. Through the overall damage evaluation analysis of the sample, it is concluded that the damage degree of the protected group sample is light and the heterogeneity is weak, whereas the local damage to the exposed group is serious. Combined with the CT image analysis of concrete before and after loading, the distribution characteristics of the damaged area divided by the concrete sulfate damage evaluation method proposed in this paper are highly similar to the real situation. The results of the study can provide a reference for similar projects for the detection, analysis, protection and evaluation of sulfate-attacked concrete.
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20
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Chi QZ, Ge YY, Cao Z, Long LL, Mu LZ, He Y, Luan Y. Experimental Study of the Propagation Process of Dissection Using an Aortic Silicone Phantom. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13. [PMID: 36547550 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of acute aortic dissection (AD) can reach 65~70%. However, it is challenging to follow the progress of AD formation. The purpose of this work was to observe the process of dissection development using a novel tear-embedded silicone phantom. METHODS Silicone phantoms were fabricated by embedding a torn area and primary tear feature on the inner layer. CT scanning and laser lightening were conducted to observe the variations in thickness and volume of the true lumen (TL) and false lumen (FL) during development. RESULTS The model with a larger interlayer adhesion damage required a lower pressure to trigger the development of dissection. At the initiation stage of dissection, the volume of TL increased by 25.5%, accompanied by a 19.5% enlargement of tear size. The force analysis based on the change of tear size verified the deduction of the process of interlaminar separation from the earlier studies. CONCLUSIONS The primary tear and the weakening adhesion of the vessel layers are key factors in AD development, suggesting that some forms of primary damage to the arterial wall, in particular, the lumen morphology of vessels with straight inner lumen, should be considered as early risk predictors of AD.
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21
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McDermott G, Gill R, Gagne S, Byrne S, Huang W, Cui J, Prisco L, Zaccardelli A, Martin L, Kronzer VL, Moll M, Cho MH, Shadick N, Dellaripa PF, Doyle T, Sparks JA. Associations of the MUC5B promoter variant with timing of interstitial lung disease and rheumatoid arthritis onset. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4915-4923. [PMID: 35289841 PMCID: PMC9707325 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of the common MUC5B promoter variant with timing of RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and RA onset. METHODS We identified patients with RA meeting 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria and available genotype information in the Mass General Brigham Biobank, a multihospital biospecimen and clinical data collection research study. We determined RA-ILD presence by reviewing all RA patients who had CT imaging, lung biopsy or autopsy results. We determined the dates of RA and RA-ILD diagnoses by manual records review. We examined the associations of the MUC5B promoter variant (G>T at rs35705950) with RA-ILD, RA-ILD occurring before or within 2 years of RA diagnosis and RA diagnosis at age >55 years. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for each outcome by MUC5B promoter variant status, adjusting for potential confounders including genetic ancestry and smoking. RESULTS We identified 1005 RA patients with available genotype data for rs35705950 (mean age 45 years, 79% female, 81% European ancestry). The MUC5B promoter variant was present in 155 (15.4%) and was associated with RA-ILD [multivariable OR 3.34 (95% CI 1.97, 5.60)], RA-ILD before or within 2 years of RA diagnosis [OR 4.01 (95% CI 1.78, 8.80)] and RA onset after age 55 years [OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.08, 2.12)]. CONCLUSIONS The common MUC5B promoter variant was associated with RA-ILD onset earlier in the RA disease course and older age of RA onset. These findings suggest that the MUC5B promoter variant may impact RA-ILD risk early in the RA disease course, particularly in patients with older-onset RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory McDermott
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Ritu Gill
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Staci Gagne
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Suzanne Byrne
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Weixing Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Jing Cui
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Lauren Prisco
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | - Lily Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | - Matthew Moll
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Shadick
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Paul F Dellaripa
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Tracy Doyle
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
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22
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Anderson CG, Brilliant ZR, Jang SJ, Sokrab R, Mayman DJ, Vigdorchik JM, Sculco PK, Jerabek SA. Validating the use of 3D biplanar radiography versus CT when measuring femoral anteversion after total hip arthroplasty : a comparative study. Bone Joint J 2022; 104-B:1196-1201. [PMID: 36317354 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.104b11.bjj-2022-0194.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although CT is considered the benchmark to measure femoral version, 3D biplanar radiography (hipEOS) has recently emerged as a possible alternative with reduced exposure to ionizing radiation and shorter examination time. The aim of our study was to evaluate femoral stem version in postoperative total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and compare the accuracy of hipEOS to CT. We hypothesize that there will be no significant difference in calculated femoral stem version measurements between the two imaging methods. METHODS In this study, 45 patients who underwent THA between February 2016 and February 2020 and had both a postoperative CT and EOS scan were included for evaluation. A fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist and radiological technician measured femoral version for CT and 3D EOS, respectively. Comparison of values for each imaging modality were assessed for statistical significance. RESULTS Comparison of the mean postoperative femoral stem version measurements between CT and 3D hipEOS showed no significant difference (p = 0.862). In addition, the two version measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.95; p < 0.001), and the mean paired difference in postoperative femoral version for CT scan and 3D biplanar radiography was -0.09° (95% confidence interval -1.09 to 0.91). Only three stem measurements (6.7%) were considered outliers with a > 5° difference. CONCLUSION Our study supports the use of low-dose biplanar radiography for the postoperative assessment of femoral stem version after THA, demonstrating high correlation with CT. We found no significant difference for postoperative femoral version when comparing CT to 3D EOS. We believe 3D EOS is a reliable option to measure postoperative femoral version given its advantages of lower radiation dosage and shorter examination time.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(11):1196-1201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Anderson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zachary R Brilliant
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seong J Jang
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruba Sokrab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Mayman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan M Vigdorchik
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter K Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seth A Jerabek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Reconstruction & Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Liu D, Jian Y, Tang Y, Cao K, Zhang W, Chen H, Gong C. Comprehensive Testing of Sulfate Erosion Damage of Concrete Structures and Analysis of Silane Coating Protection Effect. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7991. [PMID: 36298344 PMCID: PMC9611834 DOI: 10.3390/s22207991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the protection performance of silane coating on in-service concrete structures in a sulfate environment, we collect concrete samples in the field to simulate the concrete erosion process by accelerated erosion with wetting-drying cycles. We place the samples into protected, exposed and control groups corresponding to a corrosive environment with silane protection, corrosive environment without protection and general environment for three different service conditions. A combination of ultrasonic velocimetry, CT (Computed Tomography) scan imaging, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) pore structure analysis, strength testing and other methods are used to analyze the strength, ultrasonic wave velocity, pore structure and other characteristics of the specimens during sulfate erosion. Based on the test results, the protective effect of silane coating on concrete structures under sulfate attack is quantitatively analyzed, and an index for judging the damage rate of specimens is proposed to quantitatively analyze the protective effect of silane coating. The research results show that the damage of the concrete structure under silane protection in a sulfate-attack environment can be reduced by more than 50%; its integrity damage index and strength damage index are easily affected by the location of local defects, which leads to a decrease in the protection efficiency of the surface silane coating.
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24
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Ruebenstahl AA, Klein MD, Yi H, Xu X, Clark JM. Anatomy and relationships of the early diverging Crocodylomorphs Junggarsuchus sloani and Dibothrosuchus elaphros. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:2463-2556. [PMID: 35699105 PMCID: PMC9541040 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The holotype of Junggarsuchus sloani, from the Shishugou Formation (early Late Jurassic) of Xinjiang, China, consists of a nearly complete skull and the anterior half of an articulated skeleton, including the pectoral girdles, nearly complete forelimbs, vertebral column, and ribs. Here, we describe its anatomy and compare it to other early diverging crocodylomorphs, based in part on CT scans of its skull and that of Dibothrosuchus elaphros from the Early Jurassic of China. Junggarsuchus shares many features with a cursorial assemblage of crocodylomorphs, informally known as "sphenosuchians," whose relationships are poorly understood. However, it also displays several derived crocodyliform features that are not found among most "sphenosuchians." Our phylogenetic analysis corroborates the hypothesis that Junggarsuchus is closer to Crocodyliformes, including living crocodylians, than are Dibothrosuchus and Sphenosuchus, but not as close to crocodyliforms as Almadasuchus and Macelognathus, and that the "Sphenosuchia" are a paraphyletic assemblage. D. elaphros and Sphenosuchus acutus are hypothesized to be more closely related to Crocodyliformes than are the remaining non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs, which form several smaller groups but are largely unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Ruebenstahl
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA,Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Hongyu Yi
- Key Laboratory for the Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates of the Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijingChina,CAS Center of Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentBeijingChina
| | - Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates of the Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijingChina,CAS Center of Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentBeijingChina
| | - James M. Clark
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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25
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Wessling M, Gebert C, Hakenes T, Dudda M, Hardes J, Frieler S, Jeys LM, Hanusrichter Y. Reconstruction of Paprosky III defects with custom-made implants: do we get them in the correct position? : short-term radiological results. Bone Joint J 2022; 104-B:1110-1117. [PMID: 36177641 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.104b10.bjj-2022-0508.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the implant accuracy of custom-made partial pelvis replacements (PPRs) in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). Custom-made implants offer an option to achieve a reconstruction in cases with severe acetabular bone loss. By analyzing implant deviation in CT and radiograph imaging and correlating early clinical complications, we aimed to optimize the usage of custom-made implants. METHODS A consecutive series of 45 (2014 to 2019) PPRs for Paprosky III defects at rTHA were analyzed comparing the preoperative planning CT scans used to manufacture the implants with postoperative CT scans and radiographs. The anteversion (AV), inclination (IC), deviation from the preoperatively planned implant position, and deviation of the centre of rotation (COR) were explored. Early postoperative complications were recorded, and factors for malpositioning were sought. The mean follow-up was 30 months (SD 19; 6 to 74), with four patients lost to follow-up. RESULTS Mean CT defined discrepancy (Δ) between planned and achieved AV and IC was 4.5° (SD 3°; 0° to 12°) and 4° (SD 3.5°; 1° to 12°), respectively. Malpositioning (Δ > 10°) occurred in five hips (10.6%). Native COR reconstruction was planned in 42 cases (93%), and the mean 3D deviation vector was 15.5 mm (SD 8.5; 4 to 35). There was no significant influence in malpositioning found for femoral stem retention, surgical approach, or fixation method. CONCLUSION At short-term follow-up, we found that PPR offers a viable solution for rTHA in cases with massive acetabular bone loss, as highly accurate positioning can be accomplished with meticulous planning, achieving anatomical reconstruction. Accuracy of achieved placement contributed to reduced complications with no injury to vital structures by screw fixation.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(10):1110-1117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wessling
- Department of Tumour Orthopaedics and Revision Arthroplasty, Orthopaedic Hospital Volmarstein, Wetter, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gebert
- Department of Tumour Orthopaedics and Revision Arthroplasty, Orthopaedic Hospital Volmarstein, Wetter, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tilmann Hakenes
- Department of Tumour Orthopaedics and Revision Arthroplasty, Orthopaedic Hospital Volmarstein, Wetter, Germany
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Frieler
- Department of Tumour Orthopaedics and Revision Arthroplasty, Orthopaedic Hospital Volmarstein, Wetter, Germany.,Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lee M Jeys
- Oncology Department, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yannik Hanusrichter
- Department of Tumour Orthopaedics and Revision Arthroplasty, Orthopaedic Hospital Volmarstein, Wetter, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Chen M, Sun L, Hong Z, Wang H, Xia Y, Liu S, Ren X, Zhang X, Chi D, Yang H, Hu W. Anthracene Single-Crystal Scintillators for Computer Tomography Scanning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41275-41282. [PMID: 36064330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray imaging and computed tomography (CT) technology, as the important non-destructive measurements, can observe internal structures without destroying the detected sample, which are always used in biological diagnosis to detect tumors, pathologies, and bone damages. It is always a challenge to find materials with a low detection limit, a short exposure time, and high resolution to reduce X-ray damage and acquire high-contrast images. Here, we described a low-cost and high-efficient method to prepare centimeter-sized anthracene crystals, which exhibited intense X-ray radioluminescence with a detection limit of ∼0.108 μGy s-1, which is only one-fifth of the dose typically used for X-ray diagnostics. Additionally, the low absorption reduced the damage in radiation and ensured superior cycle performance. X-ray detectors based on anthracene crystals also exhibited an extremely high resolution of 40 lp mm-1. The CT scanning and reconstruction of a foam sample were then achieved, and the detailed internal structure could be clearly observed. These indicated that organic crystals are expecting to be leading candidate low-cost materials for low-dose and highly sensitive X-ray detection and CT scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongzhu Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fuzhou 350207, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.345# Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fuzhou 350207, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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27
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Laddha S, Mnasri S, Alghamdi M, Kumar V, Kaur M, Alrashidi M, Almuhaimeed A, Alshehri A, Alrowaily MA, Alkhazi I. COVID-19 Diagnosis and Classification Using Radiological Imaging and Deep Learning Techniques: A Comparative Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1880. [PMID: 36010231 PMCID: PMC9406661 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared. Being highly contagious and with no effective treatment available, the only solution was to detect and isolate infected patients to further break the chain of infection. The shortage of test kits and other drawbacks of lab tests motivated researchers to build an automated diagnosis system using chest X-rays and CT scanning. The reviewed works in this study use AI coupled with the radiological image processing of raw chest X-rays and CT images to train various CNN models. They use transfer learning and numerous types of binary and multi-class classifications. The models are trained and validated on several datasets, the attributes of which are also discussed. The obtained results of various algorithms are later compared using performance metrics such as accuracy, F1 score, and AUC. Major challenges faced in this research domain are the limited availability of COVID image data and the high accuracy of the prediction of the severity of patients using deep learning compared to well-known methods of COVID-19 detection such as PCR tests. These automated detection systems using CXR technology are reliable enough to help radiologists in the initial screening and in the immediate diagnosis of infected individuals. They are preferred because of their low cost, availability, and fast results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Laddha
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur 177005, Himachal Pradesh, India; (S.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Sami Mnasri
- Department of Computer Science, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, ISSAT of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Mansoor Alghamdi
- Department of Computer Science, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur 177005, Himachal Pradesh, India; (S.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Manjit Kaur
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Malek Alrashidi
- Department of Computer Science, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Almuhaimeed
- The National Centre for Genomics Technologies and Bioinformatics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alshehri
- Department of Computer Science, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Majed Abdullah Alrowaily
- Department of Computer Science, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Alkhazi
- College of Computers & Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
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28
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Filchakova O, Dossym D, Ilyas A, Kuanysheva T, Abdizhamil A, Bukasov R. Review of COVID-19 testing and diagnostic methods. Talanta 2022; 244:123409. [PMID: 35390680 PMCID: PMC8970625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
More than six billion tests for COVID-19 has been already performed in the world. The testing for SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus and corresponding human antibodies is essential not only for diagnostics and treatment of the infection by medical institutions, but also as a pre-requisite for major semi-normal economic and social activities such as international flights, off line work and study in offices, access to malls, sport and social events. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, time to results and cost per test are essential parameters of those tests and even minimal improvement in any of them may have noticeable impact on life in the many countries of the world. We described, analyzed and compared methods of COVID-19 detection, while representing their parameters in 22 tables. Also, we compared test performance of some FDA approved test kits with clinical performance of some non-FDA approved methods just described in scientific literature. RT-PCR still remains a golden standard in detection of the virus, but a pressing need for alternative less expensive, more rapid, point of care methods is evident. Those methods that may eventually get developed to satisfy this need are explained, discussed, quantitatively compared. The review has a bioanalytical chemistry prospective, but it may be interesting for a broader circle of readers who are interested in understanding and improvement of COVID-19 testing, helping eventually to leave COVID-19 pandemic in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Filchakova
- Biology Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dina Dossym
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aisha Ilyas
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tamila Kuanysheva
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Altynay Abdizhamil
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Chemistry Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan,Corresponding author
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29
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He J, Dong G, Deng Y, He J, Xiu Z, Feng F. Comparison of Application Value of Different Radiation Dose Evaluation Methods in Evaluating Radiation Dose of Adult Thoracic and Abdominal CT Scan. Front Surg 2022; 9:860968. [PMID: 35402481 PMCID: PMC8990916 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.860968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the differences among volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), body-specific dose assessment (SSDEED) based on effective diameter (ED), and SSDEWED based on water equivalent diameter (WED) in evaluating the radiation dose of adult thoracic and abdominal CT scanning. Methods From January 2021 to October 2021, enhanced chest CT scans of 100 patients and enhanced abdomen CT scans of another 100 patients were collected. According to the body mass index (BMI), they can be divided into groups A and D (BMI < 20 kg/m2), groups B and E (20 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2), and groups C and F (BMI > 24.9 kg/m2). The CTDIvol, anteroposterior diameter (AP), and the left and rght diameter (LAT) of all the patients were recorded, and the ED, water equivalent diameter (WED), the conversion factor (f size,ED), (f size, WED), SSDEED, and SSDEWED were calculated. The differences were compared between the different groups. Results The AP, LAT, ED, and WED of groups B, E, C, and F were higher than those of groups A and D, and those of groups C and F were higher than those of groups B and E (P < 0.05). The f size,ED and f size, WED of groups B, E, C, and F are lower than those of groups A and D, and those of groups C and F are lower than those of groups B and E (P < 0.05). CTDIvol, SSDEED, and SSDEWED in groups B, E, C, and F are higher than those in groups A and D, and those in groups C and F are higher than those in groups B and E (p < 0.05). In the same group, patients with chest- and abdomen-enhanced have higher SSDEWED and SSDEED than CTDIvol, patients with chest-enhanced CT scans have higher SSDEWED than SSDEED, and patients with abdomen-enhanced CT scans have higher SSDEED than SSDEWED (P < 0.05). Conclusion CTDIvol and ED-based SSDEED underestimated the radiation dose of the subject exposed, where the patient was actually exposed to a greater dose. However, SSDEWED based on WED considers better the difference in patient size and attenuation characteristics, and can more accurately evaluate the radiation dose received by patients of different sizes during the chest and abdomen CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin He
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanwei Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - ZhiGang Xiu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanzi Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
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Au C, Reeves R, Li Z, Gingold E, Halpern E, Sundaram B. Impact of multidetector computed tomography scan parameters, novel reconstruction settings, and lung nodule characteristics on nodule diameter measurements: A Phantom Study. Med Phys 2022; 49:3936-3943. [PMID: 35358333 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel CT reconstruction techniques strive to maintain image quality and processing efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a newer hybrid iterative reconstruction technique, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) in combination with various CT scan parameters on the semi-automated quantification using various lung nodules. METHODS A chest phantom embedded with eight spherical objects was scanned using varying CT parameters such as tube current and ASIR-V levels. We calculated absolute percentage error (APE) and mean APE (MAPE) using differences between the semi-automated measured diameters and known dimensions. Predictive variables were assessed using a multivariable general linear model. The linear regression slope coefficients (β) were reported to demonstrate effect size and directionality. RESULTS The APE of the semi-automated measured diameters was higher in ground-glass than solid nodules (β = 9.000, p<0.001). APE had an inverse relationship with nodule diameter (mm; β = -3.499, p<0.001) and tube current (mA; β = -0.006, p<0.001). MAPE did not vary based on the ASIR-V level (range: 5.7-13.1%). CONCLUSION Error is dominated by nodule characteristics with a small effect of tube current. Regardless of phantom size, nodule size accuracy is not affected by tube voltage or ASIR-V level, maintaining accuracy while maximizing radiation dose reduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Au
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Russell Reeves
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Zhenteng Li
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107.,The Vascular Center, St. Luke's Anderson Campus - Medical Office Building, 1700 St. Luke's Boulevard, Suite 301, Easton, PA
| | - Eric Gingold
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Ethan Halpern
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Baskaran Sundaram
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
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Feng X, Kou W, Liu H, Gong B, Tang C. Study on fracture behavior of molars based on three-dimensional high-precision computerized tomography scanning and numerical simulation. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2022; 38:e3561. [PMID: 34865323 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the gradual failure process of molars in this study. The real morphology and internal mesoscopic structure of a whole tooth are implemented into the numerical simulations through computerized tomography scanning, digital image processing, and 3D matrix mapping. The failure process of the whole tooth subject to compressions including crack initiation, crack propagation, and final failure pattern is reproduced using 3D realistic failure process analysis (RFPA3D) method. It is concluded that a series of microcracks are gradually initiated, nucleated, and subsequently interconnect to form macroscopic cracks when the teeth are under over-compressions. The propagation of the macroscopic cracks results in the formation of fracture surfaces and penetrating cracks, which are essential signs and manifestations of the tooth failure. Moreover, the simulations reveal that, the material heterogeneity is a critical factor that affects the mechanical properties and fracture modes of the teeth, which vary from crown fractures to crown-root fractures and root fractures depending on different homogeneity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Feng
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Kou
- Dental Materials Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Bin Gong
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Chun'an Tang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Higham TE, Zhuang M, Russell AP. Ankle structure of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) and its role in the deployment of the subdigital adhesive system. J Anat 2021; 239:1503-1515. [PMID: 34268765 PMCID: PMC8602014 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable ability of geckos to adhere to smooth surfaces is often thought of in terms of external structures, including the branching setae that make contact with the surface producing van der Waals forces. Some geckos also exhibit unique movements of the distal segments of the limbs during locomotion and static clinging, including active digital hyperextension and considerable pedal rotation. During static clinging, geckos can exhibit considerable adduction/abduction of the pes while the crus and thigh remain firmly adpressed to the substratum. This decoupling of pedal adduction/abduction from ankle flexion/extension and pedal long-axis rotation is a significant departure from pedal displacements of a typical lizard lacking adhesive ability. The structure of the ankle is likely key to this decoupling, although no detailed comparison of this complex joint between pad-bearing geckos and other lizards is available. Here we compare the configuration of the mesotarsal joint of nongekkotan lizards (Iguana and Pristidactylus) with that of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) using prepared skeletons, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomographic (µCT) scans. We focus on the structure of the astragalocalcaneum and the fourth distal tarsal. The mesotarsal joint exhibits a suite of modifications that are likely associated with the secondarily symmetrical pes of pad-bearing geckos. For example, the lateral process of the astragalocalcaneum is much more extensive in G. gecko compared with other lizards. The mesotarsal joint exhibits several other differences permitting dissociation of long-axis rotation of the pes from flexion-extension movement, including a reduced ventral peg on the fourth distal tarsal, an articulatory pattern dominated by a well-defined, expansive distomesial notch of the astragalocalcaneum, and an associated broad proximodorsal articulatory facet of the fourth distal tarsal. Pad-bearing geckos are capable of effectively deploying their intricate adhesive system across a broad array of body angles because of this highly modified ankle. Future research should determine whether the differences encountered in G. gecko (and their extent) apply to the Gekkota as a whole and should examine how the elements of the ankle move dynamically during locomotion across a range of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Higham
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Minga Zhuang
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
- UTEP Biodiversity CollectionsThe University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTXUSA
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Abstract
Aims The study objective was to prospectively assess clinical outcomes for a pilot cohort of tibial shaft fractures treated with a new tibial nailing system that produces controlled axial interfragmentary micromotion. The hypothesis was that axial micromotion enhances fracture healing compared to static interlocking. Methods Patients were treated in a single level I trauma centre over a 2.5-year period. Group allocation was not randomized; both the micromotion nail and standard-of-care static locking nails (control group) were commercially available and selected at the discretion of the treating surgeons. Injury risk levels were quantified using the Nonunion Risk Determination (NURD) score. Radiological healing was assessed until 24 weeks or clinical union. Low-dose CT scans were acquired at 12 weeks and virtual mechanical testing was performed to objectively assess structural bone healing. Results A total of 37 micromotion patients and 46 control patients were evaluated. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of age, sex, the proportion of open fractures, or NURD score. There were no nonunions (0%) in the micromotion group versus five (11%) in the control group. The proportion of fractures united was significantly higher in the micromotion group compared to control at 12 weeks (54% vs 30% united; p = 0.043), 18 weeks (81% vs 59%; p = 0.034), and 24 weeks (97% vs 74%; p = 0.005). Structural bone healing scores as assessed by CT scans tended to be higher with micromotion compared to control and this difference reached significance in patients who had biological comorbidities such as smoking. Conclusion In this pilot study, micromotion fixation was associated with improved healing compared to standard tibial nailing. Further prospective clinical studies will be needed to assess the strength and generalizability of any potential benefits of micromotion fixation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(10):825–833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Dailey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Schwarzenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edmund B Webb Iii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sinead A M Boran
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Ireland
| | - Shane Guerin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Ireland
| | - James A Harty
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Ireland
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Nakaoka Y, Yanagawa M, Hata A, Yamashita K, Okada N, Yamakido S, Hayashi H, Jayne D. Vascular imaging of patients with refractory Takayasu arteritis treated with tocilizumab: post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2360-2368. [PMID: 34528074 PMCID: PMC9157117 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, was investigated in patients with refractory Takayasu arteritis (TAK) in a phase 3 randomized controlled trial. In this post hoc analysis, we investigated whether tocilizumab treatment inhibited the progression of vascular lesions caused by TAK in these patients. METHODS Included patients received at least one dose of tocilizumab and underwent computed tomography (CT) at baseline and at week 48 after tocilizumab initiation. Three radiologists not involved in the original trial independently evaluated the CT images. Twenty-two arteries from each patient were assessed for change from baseline in wall thickness (primary end point), dilatation/aneurysm, stenosis/occlusion or wall enhancement for at least 96 weeks after tocilizumab initiation. Patient-level assessments were also conducted. RESULTS In 28 patients, 86.7% of 22 arteries had improved/stable wall thickness at week 96. Proportions of patients with improved/stable, partially progressed or newly progressed lesions were 57.1%, 10.7% and 28.6% for wall thickness; proportions with improved/stable lesions were 92.9% for dilatation/aneurysm and 85.7% for stenosis/occlusion. Patients with newly progressed lesions, reflecting more refractory disease, were prescribed glucocorticoids at dosages that could not be reduced below 0.1 mg/kg/day at week 96. CONCLUSIONS ∼60% of patients with TAK did not experience progression in wall thickness within 96 weeks after initiation of tocilizumab treatment. Few patients experienced progressed dilatation/aneurysm or stenosis/occlusion. Wall thickness progression likely resulted from refractory TAK. Patients who experience this should be monitored regularly by imaging, and additional glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive treatment should be considered to avoid vascular progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakaoka
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Hata
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Yamashita
- Medical Science Department, Medical Affairs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okada
- Biometrics Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamakido
- Primary Clinical Development, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Oldroyd AGS, Allard AB, Callen JP, Chinoy H, Chung L, Fiorentino D, George MD, Gordon P, Kolstad K, Kurtzman DJB, Machado PM, McHugh NJ, Postolova A, Selva-O'Callaghan A, Schmidt J, Tansley S, Vleugels RA, Werth VP, Aggarwal R. A systematic review and meta-analysis to inform cancer screening guidelines in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2615-2628. [PMID: 33599244 PMCID: PMC8213426 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify clinical factors associated with cancer risk in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and to systematically review the existing evidence related to cancer screening. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out on Medline, Embase and Scopus. Cancer risk within the IIM population (i.e. not compared with the general population) was expressed as risk ratios (RR) for binary variables and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous variables. Evidence relating to cancer screening practices in the IIMs were synthesized via narrative review. Results Sixty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. DM subtype (RR 2.21), older age (WMD 11.19), male sex (RR 1.53), dysphagia (RR 2.09), cutaneous ulceration (RR 2.73) and anti-transcriptional intermediary factor-1 gamma positivity (RR 4.66) were identified as being associated with significantly increased risk of cancer. PM (RR 0.49) and clinically amyopathic DM (RR 0.44) subtypes, Raynaud’s phenomenon (RR 0.61), interstitial lung disease (RR 0.49), very high serum creatine kinase (WMD −1189.96) or lactate dehydrogenase (WMD −336.52) levels, and anti-Jo1 (RR 0.45) or anti-EJ (RR 0.17) positivity were identified as being associated with significantly reduced risk of cancer. Nine studies relating to IIM-specific cancer screening were included. CT scanning of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis appeared to be effective in identifying underlying asymptomatic cancers. Conclusion Cancer risk factors should be evaluated in patients with IIM for risk stratification. Screening evidence is limited but CT scanning could be useful. Prospective studies and consensus guidelines are needed to establish cancer screening strategies in IIM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G S Oldroyd
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew B Allard
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Callen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hector Chinoy
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Lorinda Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, USA
| | - David Fiorentino
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael D George
- Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Gordon
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Kolstad
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Pedro M Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Anna Postolova
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Albert Selva-O'Callaghan
- Systemic Autoimmune Unity, Vall D'Hebron General Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Tansley
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK.,Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Ann Vleugels
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yin YL, Ji C, Zhou M. The anatomy of the palate in Early Triassic Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis (Reptilia: Ichthyosauriformes) based on digital reconstruction. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11727. [PMID: 34268013 PMCID: PMC8269639 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The palatal anatomy of ichthyosauriforms remains largely unknown. Here, the complete palate of the early-branching ichthyosauriform Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis is reconstructed and described for the first time with the assistance of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning on the basis of the three-dimensionally preserved skull of its paratype (GMPKU-P-3086) from the Lower Triassic of South China. The reconstruction reveals new palatal features of C. brevifemoralis. The palatine contacts the jugal directly, which is observed in ichthyosauriforms for the first time. A single row of denticles is present on each side of the palate. The vomer exceeds the anterior and posterior margins of the internal naris. The pterygoid is posterior to the internal naris. The epipterygoid is present and the ectopterygoid is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Yin
- Department of Geology and Geological Museum, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Geology and Geological Museum, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Grbić K, Mehić B, Udovičić-Gagula D, Valjevac A, Ćemerlić A, Krupić F. Preoperative tumour size as a predictor of the presence of lymphovascular invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. Med Glas (Zenica) 2020; 17:363-8. [PMID: 32662606 DOI: 10.17392/1198-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To examine whether preoperative tumour size may serve as a biomarker for the occurrence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in centrally and peripherally located lung adenocarcinoma. Method The study included 261 patients surgically treated for diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma. A ROC curve was used to determine the biomarker potential of tumour size relative to the occurrence of LVI. Binary logistic regression was used to show changes of tumour size impact on the status of LVI. Result Tumour prevalence according to localization had no statistical significance (p=0.464), while the presence of LVI in central, as well as peripheral positions, was statistically significantly different (p<0.001). The area under the curve of 0.978 highlights the fact that tumour size is an excellent marker of the presence of LVI in centrally located adenocarcinomas of the lung. A similar finding was confirmed in peripherally located lung adenocarcinomas with an area below the curve of 0.943. Binary logistical regression showed that in centrally localized adenocarcinomas of the lung, each additional centimetre of tumour growth represents an increase in the likelihood of LVI+ by 17.14 times. In peripherally located adenocarcinomas of the lung, this increase in likelihood of LVI for each centimetre of growth was 5.46 times. Conclusion With a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, preoperative tumour size may serve as an important biomarker and positive predictor of the presence of LVI in lung adenocarcinoma of any location.
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Jimenez-Royo P, Bombardieri M, Ciurtin C, Kostapanos M, Tappuni AR, Jordan N, Saleem A, Fuller T, Port K, Pontarini E, Lucchesi D, Janiczek R, Galette P, Searle G, Patel N, Kershaw L, Gray C, Ratia N, van Maurik A, de Groot M, Wisniacki N, Bergstrom M, Tarzi R. Advanced imaging for quantification of abnormalities in the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2396-2408. [PMID: 33221921 PMCID: PMC8121449 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess non-invasive imaging for detection and quantification of gland structure, inflammation and function in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) using PET-CT with 11C-Methionine (11C-MET; radiolabelled amino acid), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG; glucose uptake marker), to assess protein synthesis and inflammation, respectively; multiparametric MRI evaluated salivary gland structural and physiological changes. Methods In this imaging/clinical/histology comparative study (GSK study 203818; NCT02899377) patients with pSS and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers underwent MRI of the salivary glands and 11C-MET PET-CT. Patients also underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT and labial salivary gland biopsies. Clinical and biomarker assessments were performed. Primary endpoints were semi-quantitative parameters of 11C-MET and 18F-FDG uptake in submandibular and parotid salivary glands and quantitative MRI measures of structure and inflammation. Clinical and minor salivary gland histological parameter correlations were explored. Results Twelve patients with pSS and 13 healthy volunteers were included. Lower 11C-MET uptake in parotid, submandibular and lacrimal glands, lower submandibular gland volume, higher MRI fat fraction, and lower pure diffusion in parotid and submandibular glands were observed in patients vs healthy volunteer, consistent with reduced synthetic function. Disease duration correlated positively with fat fraction and negatively with 11C-MET and 18F-FDG uptake, consistent with impaired function, inflammation and fatty replacement over time. Lacrimal gland 11C-MET uptake positively correlated with tear flow in patients, and parotid gland 18F-FDG uptake positively correlated with salivary gland CD20+ B-cell infiltration. Conclusion Molecular imaging and MRI may be useful tools to non-invasively assess loss of glandular function, increased glandular inflammation and fat accumulation in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London
| | - Michalis Kostapanos
- GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Unit Cambridge, Cambridge.,Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Anwar R Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Natasha Jordan
- Rheumatology Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Azeem Saleem
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, A Konica Minolta Company, London.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull
| | - Teresa Fuller
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage
| | - Kathleen Port
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage
| | - Elena Pontarini
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Davide Lucchesi
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | | | - Paul Galette
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage
| | - Graham Searle
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, A Konica Minolta Company, London
| | - Neel Patel
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage
| | - Lucy Kershaw
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh.,Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Calum Gray
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Nirav Ratia
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage
| | | | - Marius de Groot
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage.,GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Unit Cambridge, Cambridge
| | | | | | - Ruth Tarzi
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage
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Balolia KL, Massey JS. How does scanner choice and 3D model resolution affect data accuracy? J Anat 2021; 238:679-692. [PMID: 33146411 PMCID: PMC7855060 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers using digital methods often collect data from 3D models at different resolutions, obtained using different scanning techniques. Although previous research has sought to understand whether scanning method and model resolution affect data accuracy, no study has systematically evaluated the sources of error associated with scanning method, data acquisition method and model resolution with the aim of providing practical recommendations about the model resolution required to yield sufficiently accurate data for specimens of given sizes. In this study, using data taken from primate specimens of three broad size categories, we test whether 3D models obtained using five different scanners (Breuckmann SmartSCAN, DAVID/HP 3D Pro S3, NextEngine 2020i, Creaform Go!Scan 20 and microCT/clinicalCT) yield accurate measurements. We assess whether caliper measurements can be used alongside measurements collected from 3D surface models, whether scanning resolution affects measurement accuracy, and how scan resolution, estimated using each scanner's proprietary software, compares to model resolution measured in a standardized way. Each scanner produces 3D models that yield accurate measurements for each size category, however, combining caliper data with those taken from digital models can be problematic. Our results indicate that the accuracy of measurements taken from 3D models depends on both object size and model resolution. Based on our findings, we recommend that small specimens should be scanned at <0.3 mm, medium specimens at 0.3-0.7 mm, and large specimens at 0.3-0.5 mm resolutions if data taken from 3D surface models are to be combined with caliper datasets. We further show, for the first time, that discrepancies in estimated final model resolution are frequently observed across software packages. We therefore recommend that researchers ensure that final model resolutions are adequate based on specimen size and are independently verified using a software package other than the scanner's proprietary software. Finally, we consider the implications of the findings that measurements obtained from surface models are variably consistent with those obtained using calipers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L. Balolia
- School of Archaeology and AnthropologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Jason S. Massey
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMNUSA
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
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Shenouda R, Vancheri S, Maria Bassi E, Nicoll R, Sobhi M, El Sharkawy E, Wester P, Vancheri F, Henein MY. The relationship between carotid and coronary calcification in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2021; 41:271-280. [PMID: 33583121 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a multi-system pathology with heterogeneous involvement. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and severity of carotid and coronary calcification in a group of patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS Sixty-three patients presenting with unstable angina or positive stress test for myocardial ischaemia were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent CT scanning of the carotid and coronary arteries using the conventional protocol and Agatston scoring system. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were also analyzed for correlation with the extent of arterial calcification. RESULTS Total coronary artery calcium score (CAC) was several times higher than total carotid calcium score (1274 (1018) vs 6 (124), p = 0·0001, respectively). The left carotid calcium score correlated strongly with the right carotid calcium score (rho = 0·69, p < 0·0001). The total CAC score correlated modestly with the total carotid calcium score (rho = 0·34, p = 0·007), in particular with left carotid score (rho = 0·38, p = 0·002), but not with the right carotid score. The left coronary calcium score correlated with the right coronary calcium score (rho = 0·35, p = 0·004), left carotid calcium score (rho = 0·33, p = 0·007) and left carotid calcium score at the bifurcation (rho = 0·34, p = 0·006). While hypertension correlated with carotid calcium score, diabetes and dyslipidaemia correlated with left CAC score. CONCLUSION In patients with coronary disease, the carotid calcification pattern appeared to be similar between the right and left system in contrast to that of the coronary arteries. CAC correlated only modestly with the carotid score, despite being significantly higher. Hypertension was related to carotid calcium score while diabetes and dyslipidaemia correlated with coronary calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Shenouda
- International Cardiac Centre - ICC, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Sergio Vancheri
- Radiology Department, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Rachel Nicoll
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Sobhi
- International Cardiac Centre - ICC, Alexandria, Egypt.,Cardiology Department, Faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Sharqi, Egypt
| | - Eman El Sharkawy
- International Cardiac Centre - ICC, Alexandria, Egypt.,Cardiology Department, Faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Sharqi, Egypt
| | - Per Wester
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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41
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Chen Y, Sari A, Mu J, Lebedev M, Saeedi A, Niasar VJ, Xie Q. Fluid-Fluid Interfacial Effects in Multiphase Flow during Carbonated Waterflooding in Sandstone: Application of X-ray Microcomputed Tomography and Molecular Dynamics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5731-5740. [PMID: 33494600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluid-fluid interfacial reactions in porous materials are pertinent to many engineering applications such as fuel cells, catalyst design, subsurface energy recovery (enhanced oil recovery), and CO2 storage. They have been identified to control physicochemical properties such as interfacial rheology, multiphase flow, and reaction kinetics. In recent years, engineered waterflooding has been identified as an effective way to increase hydrocarbon recovery and solid-fluid interaction has been assessed as the key mechanism. However, in this study, we demonstrated that in the absence of solid-fluid interactions (in strong hydrophilic porous media), fluid-fluid interfacial reactions can significantly affect multiphase flow and thus lead to an increased hydrocarbon recovery during engineered carbonated waterflooding. We designed a microwaterflooding system to evaluate the interfacial reactions during two phase flow with engineered carbonated waters. Given that salinity controls the amount of dissolved CO2, we injected carbonated high salinity water and carbonated low salinity water to achieve different fluid-fluid reactions. We injected the carbonated water in a sandstone with 99.5% quartz under X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) scanning at a resolution of 3.43 μm per pixel. Image processing shows that carbonated low salinity waterflooding can recover 8% more oil than carbonated high salinity waterflooding, while the quartz-rich sandstone remains strongly hydrophilic in both samples. A gradual CT intensity distribution indicates an interfacial phase generation between carbonated brine and crude oil during carbonated waterflooding. Therefore, we attributed the additional hydrocarbon recoveries to the fluid-fluid interfacial reactions. To understand the effects of fluid-fluid reactions on interfacial properties, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the chemical species distribution at the interface, interfacial tension (IFT) changes, and CO2 diffusion. The MD simulation results revealed a layered structure of the interface, a lower CO2 diffusion coefficient in carbonated high salinity water, a lower IFT in carbonated low salinity water, a swelling hydrocarbon phase in carbonated low salinity water, and more CO2 accumulated at the interface between the hydrocarbon phase and carbonated low salinity water. This work provides a general and fundamental understanding of the influence of fluid-fluid interactions on the interfacial properties between carbonated water and the hydrocarbon interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ahmad Sari
- Discipline of Petroleum Engineering, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Junju Mu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Maxim Lebedev
- Western Australian School of Mines (WASM): Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Ali Saeedi
- Discipline of Petroleum Engineering, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Vahid J Niasar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Quan Xie
- Discipline of Petroleum Engineering, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
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Li X, Zhang C, Sun X, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Q, Zhu Y. Prognostic factors of pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease: pulmonary artery size measured by chest CT. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3221-3228. [PMID: 32221604 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary artery enlargement is a common manifestation of chest CT in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The exact clinical significance of this phenomenon has not been clarified in connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated PAH (CTD-PAH). We aimed to explore the association between the dilatation of pulmonary artery and prognosis of CTD-PAH patients. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 140 CTD-PAH patients diagnosed by echocardiography from 2009 to 2018. A chest multi-slice CT was performed on all the patients. Main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), ascending aorta (AAo) and descending aorta (DAo) diameters were measured. The ratios MPA/AAo and MPA/DAo were also calculated. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. RESULTS During the observational period of 3.44 (0.23) years, 36 patients were followed to death. Cox univariate proportional hazard analysis showed that age, gender, MPA diameter, LPA diameter and RPA diameter were related to the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality in patients with CTD-PAH. In Cox multivariate proportional hazard analysis, MPA diameter and gender were predictors of all-cause mortality in CTD-PAH patients. An all-cause mortality risk prediction model revealed that baseline MPA diameter has the ability to predict 5-year all-cause mortality in CTD-PAH patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with MPA ≥37.70 mm (P ≤ 0.00012) compared with MPA ≤ 37.70 mm. CONCLUSION MPA diameter ≥37.70 mm measured by chest multi-slice CT was a potential independent risk factor of the poor long-term prognosis in Chinese CTD-PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing.,Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Yinsu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
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Waltenberger L, Rebay-Salisbury K, Mitteroecker P. Three-dimensional surface scanning methods in osteology: A topographical and geometric morphometric comparison. Am J Phys Anthropol 2021; 174:846-858. [PMID: 33410519 PMCID: PMC8048833 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Three‐dimensional (3D) data collected by structured light scanners, photogrammetry, and computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly combined in joint analyses, even though the scanning techniques and reconstruction software differ considerably. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality and accuracy of surface models and landmark data obtained from modern clinical CT scanning, 3D structured light scanner, photogrammetry, and MicroScribe digitizer. Material and methods We tested 13 different photogrammetric software tools and compared surface models obtained by different methods for four articulated human pelves in a topographical analysis. We also measured a set of 219 landmarks and semilandmarks twice on every surface as well as directly on the dry bones with a MicroScribe digitizer. Results Only one photogrammetric software package yielded surface models of the complete pelves that could be used for further analysis. Despite the complex pelvic anatomy, all three methods (CT scanning, 3D structured light scanning, photogrammetry) yielded similar surface representations with average deviations among the surface models between 100 and 200 μm. A geometric morphometric analysis of the measured landmarks showed that the different scanning methods yielded similar shape variables, but data acquisition via MicroScribe digitizer was most prone to error. Discussion We demonstrated that three‐dimensional models obtained by different methods can be combined in a single analysis. Photogrammetry proved to be a cheap, quick, and accurate method to generate 3D surface models at useful resolutions, but photogrammetry software packages differ enormously in quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Waltenberger
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Garot P, Iriart X, Aminian A, Kefer J, Freixa X, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Berti S, Rosseel L, Ibrahim R, Korsholm K, Odenstedt J, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Saw J, Sondergaard L, De Backer O. Value of FEops HEARTguide patient-specific computational simulations in the planning of left atrial appendage closure with the Amplatzer Amulet closure device: rationale and design of the PREDICT-LAA study. Open Heart 2020; 7:openhrt-2020-001326. [PMID: 32763967 PMCID: PMC7412609 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal preprocedural planning is essential to ensure successful device closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA). DESIGN The PREDICT-LAA study is a prospective, international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04180605). Two hundred patients eligible for LAA closure with an Amplatzer Amulet device (Abbott, USA) will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be allocated to a computational simulation arm (experimental) or standard treatment arm (control) using a 1:1 randomisation. For patients randomised to the computational simulation arm, preprocedural planning will be based on the analysis of cardiac computed tomography (CCT)-based patient-specific computational simulations (FEops HEARTguide, Ghent, Belgium) in order to predict optimal device size and position. For patients in the control arm, preprocedural planning will be based on local practice including CCT analysis. The LAA closure procedure and postprocedural antithrombotic therapy will follow local practice in both arms. The primary endpoint of the study is incomplete LAA closure and device-related thrombus as assessed at 3 months postprocedural CCT. Secondary endpoints encompass procedural efficiency (number of devices used, number of repositioning, procedural time, radiation exposure, contrast dye), procedure-related complications within 7 days postprocedure and a composite of all-cause death and thromboembolic events at 12 months. CONCLUSION The objective of the PREDICT-LAA study is to test the hypothesis that a preprocedural planning for LAA closure with the Amplatzer Amulet device based on patient-specific computational simulations can result in a more efficient procedure, optimised procedural outcomes and better clinical outcomes as compared with a standard preprocedural planning. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04180605).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Garot
- Department of Cardiology, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, Île-de-France, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, MS, France
| | - Adel Aminian
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, Charleroi, Hainaut, Belgium
| | - Joelle Kefer
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Freixa
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-Gonzalez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio Berti
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana, Massa, Italy
| | - Liesbeth Rosseel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kasper Korsholm
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus Universitetshospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Odenstedt
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Jaqueline Saw
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ole De Backer
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Logghe Y, Van Hoe L, Vanhoenacker P, Bladt O, Simons P, Kersschot E, Van Mieghem C. Clinical impact of CT coronary angiography without exclusion of small coronary artery segments: a real-world and long-term study. Open Heart 2020; 7:openhrt-2019-001222. [PMID: 32385115 PMCID: PMC7228654 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has become a valuable diagnostic test in the workup of patients with possible coronary artery disease (CAD). Because of inherent limitations in spatial resolution, epicardial vessels with a small diameter, in general less than 1.5-2 mm, have so far been excluded in studies assessing clinical utility of CTCA. This study sought to assess the clinical impact of CTCA taking into account pathology in small coronary arteries. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with possible CAD who underwent dual-source CTCA and subsequent invasive coronary angiography (ICA) between January 2010 and July 2017. Patients with an Agatston calcium score ≥1000 were reported separately. Diagnostic accuracy of CTCA on a patient, vessel and segment level was calculated. The physician's therapeutic decision was defined as conservative, medical antianginal treatment or revascularisation. Using ICA as the reference, we calculated the precision of CTCA to replicate these therapeutic recommendations. RESULTS In total, 1209 patients underwent both CTCA and ICA. Overall diagnostic performance of CTCA showed a sensitivity of 90% (95% CI 86% to 93%) and specificity of 40% (95% CI 36% to 45%). With regard to clinical decision making, CTCA showed good performance: 91% of patients who were treated medically or by revascularisation were correctly identified. Prevalence of disease in small vessel segments was low: 16% showed significant CAD on ICA. Prevalence of significant disease was 70% in patients with an Agatston score ≥1000: the majority underwent revascularisation. CONCLUSIONS From a true patient perspective, without exclusion of smaller coronary artery segments, CTCA allows safe patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Logghe
- Anesthesiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Hoe
- Radiology, OLV Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Aalst, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Piet Vanhoenacker
- Radiology, OLV Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Aalst, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bladt
- Radiology, OLV Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Aalst, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Philip Simons
- Radiology, OLV Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Aalst, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Erik Kersschot
- Radiology, OLV Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Aalst, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
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Huang H, Wu C, Liu Z, Zeng X, Chen L. Non-destructive CT Method for Spatially Resolved Measurement of Elemental Content and Density of Li-B Alloys. Front Chem 2020; 8:781. [PMID: 33195022 PMCID: PMC7581893 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-boron (Li-B) alloys play an important role in the fields of thermal batteries and Li metal batteries, where the electrochemical performance is highly dependent on microstructure homogeneity and the Li content. In this study, computed tomography (CT) scanning has been firstly used to study the elemental content and spatial distribution of Li in a Li-B alloy. For a commercial Li-B alloy, quantitative relationships between the CT values, [Hu], and the weight percent of Li, wT−Li, and the density, ρLi−B, that is, [Hu] =13563.836.2×wT-Li-2.8-1,016.2 and [Hu] = 790.1 × ρLi−B − 1, 016.2, respectively. The experimental data were found to be in good agreement with current theory. The CT scanning method was non-destructive, and proved to be fast, highly accurate, and low-cost for the characterization of Li-B alloy ingots in terms of elemental composition, density, and uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yong GL, Weir-McCall J, Wilson M, Roditi GH, Bull R, Williams MC, Schmitt M. Research priorities in cardiovascular imaging. Open Heart 2020; 7:openhrt-2020-001389. [PMID: 33046593 PMCID: PMC7552921 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim A modified Delphi approach was used to develop consensus opinion among British Society for Cardiac Imaging/British Society of Cardiac CT (BSCI/BSCCT) members in order to prioritise research questions in cardiovascular imaging. Methods All members of the BSCI/BSCCT were invited to submit research questions that they considered to be of the highest clinical and/or academic priority in the field of cardiovascular imaging (phase 1). Subsequently a steering committee removed duplicate questions and combined questions of a similar theme by consensus agreement where appropriate. BSCI/BSCCT members were invited to rank the resulting research questions in two further iterative rounds (phases 2 and 3) to determine a final list of high-priority research questions. Results A total of 111 research questions were submitted in phase 1 by 30 BSCI/BSCCT members. While there was a broad range of topics, from determining the optimal features/markers of the vulnerable plaque to investigating how cardiac imaging can best be used to maximise clinical outcomes and economic costs, multimodality imaging-related (n=44, 40%) questions dominated the categories and coronary artery imaging (n=40, 36%) was the most common topic. Over two iterative rounds of prioritisation of these research questions, the original 111 were reduced to 75 questions in round 2, and 25 in round 3. From these 25 a final Top 10 list was distilled by consensus grouping. Conclusion This study has identified and ranked the top research priorities in cardiovascular imaging, as identified by the BSCI/BSCCT membership. This is a first step towards identifying the cardiovascular imaging research priorities within the UK and may assist researchers and funding bodies alike in setting priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liang Yong
- Clinical Radiology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael Wilson
- General Surgery, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, Falkirk, UK
| | | | - Russell Bull
- Clinical Radiology Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Matthias Schmitt
- North West Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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De Filippo O, Bianco M, Tebaldi M, Iannaccone M, Gaido L, Guiducci V, Santarelli A, Zaccaro L, Depaoli A, Vaudano P, Quadri G, Gagnor A, Boccuzzi G, Solitro F, Cortese G, Guarnaccia C, Tore D, Veltri A, Franchin L, Angelini F, Garbo R, Giammaria M, Varbella F, Marchisio F, Fonio P, De Ferrari GM, Cerrato E, Campo G, D'Ascenzo F. Angiographic control versus ischaemia-driven management of patients undergoing percutaneous revascularisation of the unprotected left main coronary artery with second-generation drug-eluting stents: rationale and design of the PULSE trial. Open Heart 2020; 7:e001253. [PMID: 33122421 PMCID: PMC7597506 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of planned angiographic control (PAC) over a conservative management driven by symptoms and ischaemia following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the unprotected left main (ULM) with second-generation drug-eluting stents remains controversial. PAC may timely detect intrastent restenosis, but it is still unclear if this translated into improved prognosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS PULSE is a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Consecutive patients treated with PCI on ULM will be included, and after the index revascularisation patients will be randomised to PAC strategy performed with CT coronary after 6 months versus a conservative symptoms and ischaemia-driven follow-up management. Follow-up will be for at least 18 months from randomisation. Major adverse cardiovascular events at 18 months (a composite endpoint including death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) (excluding periprocedural MI), unstable angina, stent thrombosis) will be the primary efficacy outcome. Secondary outcomes will include any unplanned target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and TLR driven by PAC. Safety endpoints embrace worsening of renal failure and bleeding events. A sample size of 550 patients (275 per group) is required to have a 80% chance of detecting, as significant at the 5% level, a 7.5% relative reduction in the primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04144881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidio De Filippo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bianco
- Division of Cardiology, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tebaldi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Iannaccone
- Department of Cardiology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Gaido
- Division of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guiducci
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, S. Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, AUSL Romagna, Degli Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zaccaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Depaoli
- University Radiodiagnostic Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Vaudano
- Radiology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gagnor
- Division of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Boccuzzi
- Department of Cardiology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Solitro
- Radiology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Carla Guarnaccia
- University Radiodiagnostic Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Tore
- University Radiodiagnostic Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Veltri
- Radiology Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Franchin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Garbo
- Department of Cardiology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Fonio
- University Radiodiagnostic Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Cerrato
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano and Rivoli Infermi Hospital, RIvoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Frete C, Corcuff JB, Kuhn E, Salenave S, Gaye D, Young J, Chanson P, Tabarin A. Non-invasive Diagnostic Strategy in ACTH-dependent Cushing's Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5864157. [PMID: 32594169 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is used to diagnose Cushing's disease (CD) when dexamethasone-suppression and CRH tests, and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are negative or give discordant results. However, IPSS is an invasive procedure and its availability is limited. OBJECTIVE To test a noninvasive diagnostic strategy associated with 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for CD. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Two university hospitals. PATIENTS A total of 167 patients with CD and 27 patients with ectopic ACTH-syndrome investigated between 2001 and 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Performance of a strategy involving the CRH and desmopressin tests with pituitary MRI followed by thin-slice whole-body computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with inconclusive results. RESULTS Using thresholds of a cortisol increase > 17% with an ACTH increase > 37% during the CRH test and a cortisol increase > 18% with an ACTH increase > 33% during the desmopressin test, the combination of both tests gave 73% sensitivity and 98% PPV of CD. The sensitivity and PPV for pituitary MRI were 71% and 99%, respectively. CT scan identified 67% EAS at presentation with no false-positives. The PPV for CD was 100% in patients with positive responses to both tests, with negative pituitary MRI and CT scan. The Negative Predictive Value was 100% in patients with negative responses to both tests, with negative pituitary MRI and positive CT scan. Using this strategy, IPPS could have been avoided in 47% of patients in whom it is currently recommended. CONCLUSIONS In conjunction with expert radiologic interpretation, the non-invasive algorithm studied significantly reduces the need for IPSS in the investigation of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Frete
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Corcuff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kuhn
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Salenave
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Gaye
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
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50
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Goel R, Gribbons KB, Carette S, Cuthbertson D, Hoffman GS, Joseph G, Khalidi NA, Koening CL, Kumar S, Langford C, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, McAlear CA, Monach PA, Moreland LW, Nair A, Pagnoux C, Quinn KA, Ravindran R, Seo P, Sreih AG, Warrington KJ, Ytterberg SR, Merkel PA, Danda D, Grayson PC. Derivation of an angiographically based classification system in Takayasu's arteritis: an observational study from India and North America. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1118-1127. [PMID: 31580452 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and replicate, using data-driven methods, a novel classification system in Takayasu's arteritis based on distribution of arterial lesions. METHODS Patients were included from four international cohorts at major academic centres: India (Christian Medical College Vellore); North America (National Institutes of Health, Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium and Cleveland Clinic Foundation). All patients underwent whole-body angiography of the aorta and branch vessels, with categorization of arterial damage (stenosis, occlusion or aneurysm) in 13 territories. K-means cluster analysis was performed to identify subgroups of patients based on pattern of angiographic involvement. Cluster groups were identified in the Indian cohort and independently replicated in the North American cohorts. RESULTS A total of 806 patients with Takayasu's arteritis from India (n = 581) and North America (n = 225) were included. Three distinct clusters defined by arterial damage were identified in the Indian cohort and replicated in each of the North American cohorts. Patients in cluster one had significantly more disease in the abdominal aorta, renal and mesenteric arteries (P < 0.01). Patients in cluster two had significantly more bilateral disease in the carotid and subclavian arteries (P < 0.01). Compared with clusters one and two, patients in cluster three had asymmetric disease with fewer involved territories (P < 0.01). Demographics, clinical symptoms and clinical outcomes differed by cluster. CONCLUSION This large study in Takayasu's arteritis identified and replicated three novel subsets of patients based on patterns of arterial damage. Angiographic-based disease classification requires validation by demonstrating potential aetiological or prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Goel
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - K Bates Gribbons
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon Carette
- Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gary S Hoffman
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Joseph
- Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nader A Khalidi
- Division of Rheumatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Curry L Koening
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Carol Langford
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Carol A McAlear
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul A Monach
- Division of Rheumatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Larry W Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aswin Nair
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Kaitlin A Quinn
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Philip Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Antoine G Sreih
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Debashish Danda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Peter C Grayson
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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