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Li M, Li X, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Xue R, Zhang Q. Soil enzyme activity mediated organic carbon mineralization due to soil erosion in long gentle sloping farmland in the black soil region. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172417. [PMID: 38631633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil erosion plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and mineralization. Meanwhile, the soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) drive C mineralization. However, the response of soil EEs mediated SOC mineralization to soil erosion remains unclear. We investigated the SOC and soil EEs distribution in long gentle sloping farmland (LGSF) under slop-ridge tillage (SRT) and cross-ridge tillage (CRT) in the black soil region (BSR) of northeast China. The results indicated that the SOC mineralization at the upper slope position was higher than that on the toe-slope (133 % ∼ 340 %) under CRT. However, for SRT, SOC mineralization on the back-slope was 126 % and 164 % higher than on the summit- and shoulder-slope. The SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, and β-glucosidase (BG) activities underwent spatial migration and deposition in the lower region under both tillage practices. As for CRT, the SOC content of the back-slope was 19.21 % higher than on the summit-slope, while the DOC content at the back-slope was 29.20 % higher than on the toe-slope. The BG activity was the highest at the toe-slope, followed by the foot-and back-slope, which were 41.74 %-74.73 % higher than at the summit-slope. As for SRT, the SOC, DOC, and BG activities on the back-slope were significantly higher than other slope positions (P < 0.05). The SOC on the back-slope were 47.82 % and 31.72 % higher than those on the summit- and shoulder-slope, respectively. The DOC and BG on the back-slope were 10.98 % and 67.78 % higher than on the summit-slope. The soil EES results indicated strong C and P limitation. Spatial differences in soil C distribution resulted in a significant positive correlation between C limitation and mineralization. This indicated that soil C and nutrient distribution under different slope positions driven by soil erosion, leading to soil nutrient limitation, is a key factor influencing spatial differences in C sources or sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanke Jiang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Runyu Xue
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China.
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Sheng J, Wang Y, Yang H, Li FM, Liu S, Kan ZR. Long-term residue returning increased subsoil carbon quality in a rice-wheat cropping system. J Environ Manage 2024; 360:121088. [PMID: 38735070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Residue returning (RR) was widely implemented to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland. Extensive studies concentrated on the effects of RR on SOC quantity instead of SOC fractions at aggregate scales. This study investigated the effects of 20-year RR on the distribution of labile (e.g., dissolved, microbial biomass, and permanganate oxidizable organic) and stable (e.g., microbial necromass) carbon fractions at aggregate scales, as well as their contribution to SOC accumulation and mineralization. The findings indicated a synchronized variation in the carbon content of bacterial and fungal necromass. Residue retention (RR) notably elevated the concentration of bacterial and fungal necromass carbon, while it did not amplify the microbial necromass carbon (MNC) contribution to SOC when compared to residue removal (R0) in the topsoil (0-5 cm). In the subsoil (5-15 cm), RR increased the MNC contribution to SOC concentration by 21.2%-33.4% and mitigated SOC mineralization by 12.6% in micro-aggregates (P < 0.05). Besides, RR increased soil β-glucosidase and peroxidase activities but decreased soil phenol oxidase activity in micro-aggregates (P < 0.05). These indicated that RR might accelerate cellulose degradation and conversion to stable microbial necromass C, and thus RR improved SOC stability because SOC occluded in micro-aggregates were more stable. Interestingly, SOC concentration was mainly regulated by MNC, while SOC mineralization was by dissolved organic carbon under RR, both of which were affected by soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus associated nutrients and enzyme activities. The findings of this study emphasize that the paths of RR-induced SOC accumulation and mineralization were different, and depended on stable and labile C, respectively. Overall, long-term RR increased topsoil carbon quantity and subsoil carbon quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yalin Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuekai Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haishui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Zheng-Rong Kan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ye C, Li N, Gui J, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Li D, Jiao K, Griffiths BS, Hu S, Liu M. Long-term organic amendments increase the vulnerability of microbial respiration to environmental changes: Evidence from field and laboratory studies. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170979. [PMID: 38367727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic amendments can improve soil fertility and microbial diversity, making agroecosystems more resilient to stress. However, it is uncertain whether organic amendments will enhance the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, thereby mitigating fluctuations in microbial respiration caused by environmental changes. Here, we examined the impacts of long-term organic amendments on the dynamics of microbial catabolic capacity (characterized by enzyme activities and carbon source utilization) and microbial respiration, as well as their interrelationships during a period with fluctuating temperature and rainfall in the field. We then subjected the field soil samples to laboratory heating disturbances to further evaluate the importance of microbial catabolic capacity in explaining patterns of microbial respiration. In both field and laboratory experiments, organic amendments tended to increase the stability of microbial catabolic capacity, but significantly increased the vulnerability of microbial respiration to environmental changes. However, the direction and driving factors of microbial respiration affected by environmental changes differed between the field and laboratory experiments. Environmental changes in the field suppressed the promotional effects of organic amendments on microbial respiration mainly through reducing microbial catabolic capacity, while laboratory heating further enhanced microbial respiration mainly due to increased soil resource availability. Together, these findings suggest that increased microbial respiration variations under organic amendments may potentially increase the uncertainty in predicting soil carbon emissions in the scenario of ongoing climate/anthropogenic changes, and highlight the necessity of linking laboratory studies on environmental changes to field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ye
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Gui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daming Li
- Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil & Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, China
| | - Kuihu Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bryan S Griffiths
- SRUC, Crop & Soil System Research Group, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
| | - Manqiang Liu
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Purakayastha TJ, Bera T, Dey S, Pande P, Kumari S, Bhowmik A. Biochar aided priming of carbon and nutrient availability in three soil orders of India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8420. [PMID: 38600155 PMCID: PMC11006917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years biochar (BC) has gained importance for its huge carbon (C) sequestration potential and positive effects on various soil functions. However, there is a paucity of information on the long-term impact of BC on the priming effect and nutrient availability in soil with different properties. This study investigates the effects of BC prepared from rice husk (RBC4, RBC6), sugarcane bagasse (SBC4, SBC6) and mustard stalk (MBC4, MBC6) at 400 and 600 °C on soil C priming and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) availability in an Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol. BC properties were analyzed, and its decomposition in three soil orders was studied for 290 days in an incubation experiment. Post-incubation, available N, P, and K in soil were estimated. CO2 evolution from BC and soil alone was also studied to determine the direction of priming effect on native soil C. Increasing pyrolysis temperature enhanced pH and EC of most of the BC. The pyrolysis temperature did not show clear trend with respect to priming effect and nutrient availability across feedstock and soil type. MBC6 increased C mineralization in all the soil orders while RBC6 in Alfisol and SBC6 in both Inceptisol and Mollisol demonstrated high negative priming, making them potential amendments for preserving native soil C. Most of the BC showed negative priming of native SOC in long run (290 days) but all these BC enhanced the available N, P, and K in soil. SBC4 enhanced N availability in Alfisol and Inceptisol, RBC4 improved N and P availability in Mollisol and P in Alfisol and MBC6 increased K availability in all the soils. Thus, based on management goals, tailored BC or blending different BC can efficiently improve C sequestration and boost soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Tanumoy Bera
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumnt, TX, 77713, USA
| | - Saptaparnee Dey
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pooja Pande
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Savita Kumari
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- Division ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Dirpai Chapori, Gogamukh, Dhemaji, Assam, 787035, India
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Das A, Purakayastha TJ, Ahmed N, Bhaduri D, Das R, Biswas S. Imprint of clay mineralogy, sesquioxides, and crop residue addition for evaluation of soil organic carbon stability and associated microbial activity in dominant soil orders of Indian subcontinent. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:73. [PMID: 38367076 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The full behaviour of natural clay minerals in soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in the presence of oxides and external C inputs is yet unknown. Thus, an incubation experiment was conducted in a sand-clay mixture with different soil clay fractions (SCFs) obtained from Alfisol, Inceptisol, Mollisol, and Vertisol in the presence of wheat residues to compare their C stabilization capacity. The C mineralization rates were higher in 1:1 type dominated SCFs (Alfisol and Inceptisol) compared to 2:1 interstratified mineral dominated SCFs (Vertisol). Wheat residues as C source altered SCFs' abilities to stabilize SOC at only moderate dosages of application (3-12 g kg-1). C mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) fell by 40% and 30%, respectively, as the amount of clay increased from 7.5 to 40%. However, removing sesquioxides from the SCFs boosted C mineralization and MBC by 22% and 16-32%, respectively, which matched with higher enzymatic activities in the sand-clay mixture. The increased C stabilization capacity of Vertisol-SCF may be attributed to its greater specific surface area (SSA) (506 m2 g-1) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) [meq/100 g]. Regression analysis revealed that SSA, CEC, and enzymatic activity explained approximately 86% of total variations in C mineralization. This study highlighted the critical role of 2:1 expanding clay minerals and sesquioxides in greater stabilization of external C input compared to its 1:1 counterpart. It also implied that the role of mineralogy or texture and sesquioxides levels in different soils (Vertisol, Mollisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol) should be prioritized while adding crop residues to reduce C footprint and enhance sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Das
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Division of Soil Biology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India.
| | - Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Nayan Ahmed
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Ruma Das
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), Regional Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sunanda Biswas
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Khan A, Ball BA. Soil microbial responses to simulated climate change across polar ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168556. [PMID: 37979872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The polar regions are among the most biologically constrained in the world, characterized by cold temperatures and reduced liquid water. These limitations make them among the most climate-sensitive regions on Earth. Despite the overwhelming constraints from low temperatures and resource availability, many polar ecosystems, including polar deserts and tundras across the Arctic and Antarctic host uniquely diverse microbial communities. Polar regions have warmed more rapidly than the global average, with continued warming predicted for the future, which will reduce constraints on soil microbial activity. This could alter polar carbon (C) cycles, increasing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The objective of this study was to determine how increased temperature and moisture availability impacts microbial respiration in polar regions, by focusing on a diversity of ecosystem types (polar desert vs. tundra) that are geographically distant across Antarctica and the Arctic. We found that polar desert soil microbes were co-limited by temperature and moisture, though C and nitrogen (N) mineralization were only stimulated at the coldest and driest of the two polar deserts. Only bacterial biomass was impacted at the less harsh of the polar deserts, suggesting microbial activity is limited by factors other than temperature and moisture. Of the tundra sites, only the Antarctic tundra was climate-sensitive, where increased temperature decreased C and N mineralization while water availability stimulated it. The greater availability of soil resources and vegetative biomass at the Arctic tundra site might lead to its lack of climate-sensitivity. Notably, while C and N dynamics were climate-sensitive at some of our polar sites, P availability was not impacted at any of them. Our results demonstrate that soil microbial processes in some polar ecosystems are more sensitive to changes in temperature and moisture than others, with implications for soil C and N storage that are not uniformly predictable across polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Khan
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Becky A Ball
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA.
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Kim K, Kim D, Na Y, Song Y, Wang J. A review of carbon mineralization mechanism during geological CO 2 storage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23135. [PMID: 38149201 PMCID: PMC10750052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO2 trap mechanisms during carbon capture and storage (CCS) are classified into structural, residual, solution, and mineral traps. The latter is considered as the most permanent and stable storage mechanism as the injected CO2 is stored in solid form by the carbon mineralization. In this study, the carbon mineralization process in geological CO2 storage in basalt, sandstone, carbonate, and shale are reviewed. In addition, relevant studies related to the carbon mineralization mechanisms, and suggestions for future research directions are proposed. The carbon mineralization is defined as the conversion of CO2 into stable carbon minerals by reacting with divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, or Fe2+. The process is mainly affected by rock types, temperature, fluid composition, injected CO2 phase, competing reaction, and nucleation. Rock properties such as permeability, porosity, and rock strength can be altered by the carbon mineralization. Since changes of the properties are directly related to injectivity, storage capacity, and stability during the geological CO2 storage, the carbon mineralization mechanism should be considered for an optimal CCS design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuhyun Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yoonsu Na
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Song
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Wang
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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Liu X, Song X, Li S, Liang G, Wu X. Understanding how conservation tillage promotes soil carbon accumulation: Insights into extracellular enzyme activities and carbon flows between aggregate fractions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165408. [PMID: 37429476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Conservation tillage has been shown to mitigate climate change by promoting the sequestration of soil carbon (C) in agroecosystems. However, knowledge on how conservation tillage accumulates soil organic C (SOC), especially at the aggregate scale, remains limited. This study aimed to clarify the effects of conservation tillage on SOC accumulation by measuring hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activities and C mineralization in aggregates and developing an extended scheme of C flows between aggregate fractions using the 13C natural abundance (δ13C) method. Topsoils (0-10 cm) were sampled from a 21-year tillage experiment located in the Loess Plateau of China. Compared with conventional (CT) and reduced tillage with straw removal (RT), no-till (NT) and subsoiling with straw mulching (SS) enhanced the proportions of macro-aggregates (> 0.25 mm) (by 12-26%) and SOC contents in bulk soils and all aggregate fractions (by 12-53%). In bulk soils and all aggregate fractions, SOC mineralization and the activities of hydrolases (β-1,4-glucosidase, β-acetylglucosaminidase, β-xylosidase, and cellobiohydrolase) and oxidases (peroxidase and phenol oxidase) were 9-35% and 8-56% lower, respectively, under NT and SS than under CT and RT. Partial least squares path model revealed that reductions in the activities of hydrolases and oxidases and increases in macro-aggregation decreased SOC mineralization in bulk soils and macro-aggregates. Furthermore, Δ13C values (aggregate-associated δ13C - bulk-soil δ13C) increased with decreasing size of soil aggregates, suggesting that C is younger in larger aggregates than in smaller aggregates. The probability of C flows from large to small soil aggregates was lower under NT and SS than under CT and RT, indicating that young SOC with low rates of decomposition in macro-aggregates was better protected under NT and SS. Overall, NT and SS enhanced SOC accumulation in macro-aggregates by decreasing the activities of hydrolases and oxidases and C flows from macro- to micro-aggregates, which promoted C sequestration in soils. The present study provides improved insights into the mechanism and prediction of soil C accumulation under conservation tillage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Guopeng Liang
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xueping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Masood N, Hudson-Edwards KA, Zafar T, Farooqi A. Natural carbon mineralization and its control on the geochemical evolution of coal-based aquifers in the Salt Range, Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:7033-7050. [PMID: 37256533 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochemical analysis of the Salt Range was conducted to understand carbon weathering and its impact on groundwater evolution within the complex geological framework of Punjab. Our results showed that groundwater samples were alkaline with a pH range of 7.0-8.6 and 7.8-8.8 for the eastern Salt Range (ESR) and Trans-Indus Salt Range (TSR), respectively, while that of the Central Salt Range (CSR) was acidic to moderately alkaline ranging between 5.7 and 7.5. The water types of Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl2 were the dominant hydro-chemical facies in ESR and CSR sites. However, groundwater of the TSR site falls under Ca-Mg-Cl, Ca-Cl2, and mixed types of Ca-Mg-SO4. Our new findings suggest that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by rock dominance and reverse ion exchange reaction, followed by evapotranspiration processes. The wells of ESR, CSR, and TSR were reported with higher levels of Fe and Zn. Regarding the suitability for irrigation, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), sodium percentage (Na%), Kelley's ratio (KR), and potential salinity (PS) at all three sites (ESR, TSR, and CSR) had the potential to become a salinity hazard. The conceptual model of geochemical evolution shows that both local and regional salinization is driven by local geology and intensive coal mining activities. The neutralization capacity of the parent geological formation buffers the acidity and lowers the overall trace element enrichment. The potential of natural weathering could be further explored as a solution to coal mining's impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Masood
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Karen A Hudson-Edwards
- Environment and Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR710 9EZ, UK
| | - Tehseen Zafar
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Zhao Q, Zhang T, Yang S, He Y, Zhai T. Moisture-dependent response of soil carbon mineralization to temperature increases in a karst wetland on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023. [PMID: 36746865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are facing gradual drying, leading to large carbon loss due to the transformation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions, but the temperature and drought effects from the temperature and moisture fluctuation on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization remain uncertain. An incubation study with three moisture levels (100%, 60%, and 40% WHC, marked as W100, W60, and W40, respectively) and four temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20 °C, marked as T5, T10, T15, and T20, respectively) was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and moisture interactions on SOC mineralization in the karst wetland of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Compared with T5, the cumulative mineralization CO2 in T20 increased by 83.18% (W40), 154.63% (W60), and 148.16% (W100), respectively. The mineralized CO2 at W60 and W40 significantly decreased compared to that at W100 at the four temperature levels. Temperature, moisture and their interactions had significant positive effects on SOC mineralization rates and cumulative mineralized CO2. The temperature sensitivity of SOC mineralization rates (Q10) under W40 and W60 increased by 22.03% and 24.52%, respectively, compared to that under W100. The cumulative mineralized CO2 was positively related to soil urease activity and negatively related to soil pH, N-NH4+, SOM, and catalase activity. Temperature and moisture fluctuation and soil properties explained 85.40% of the variation in SOC mineralization, among which temperature and moisture fluctuation, soil properties, and their interactions explained 19.71%, 4.81%, and 60.88%, respectively. Our results indicated that SOC mineralization is influenced by the joint effect of temperature and drought, as well as their induced changes in soil properties, in which higher temperatures can increase soil CO2 emissions by enhancing the SOC mineralization rate, but the positive effect may be weakened from the drying wetland.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Shi E, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Xu L. The contribution of earthworms to carbon mineralization during vermicomposting of maize stover and cow dung. Bioresour Technol 2023; 368:128283. [PMID: 36368490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly way to manage agricultural wastes. Maize stover and cow dung were used as the substrates. Earthworm ingestion and respiration models were employed to quantify earthworm contributions to carbon mineralization. Decreased substrate C/N and slightly increased earthworm tissue C/N were observed. Earthworm biomass carbon first increased and then decreased. Bacterial biomass carbon decreased, while fungi increased and maintained a steady level until the end of the experiment. Bacteria dominated throughout the process. The earthworm feeding rate showed a decreasing trend. In the early, middle and later stages, earthworms directly led to carbon mineralization rates of 0.030, 0.032 and 0.023 g C m-2 month-1, and indirectly led to 0.197, 0.211 and 0.153 g C m-2 month-1, respectively. It indicated that the driving force exerted by earthworms on microbes was more important. This study provides some new insights into the quantification of earthworm contributions to carbon mineralization during vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, MS 39567, United States
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Enhui Shi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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12
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Liu WX, Wei YX, Li RC, Chen Z, Wang HD, Virk AL, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Improving soil aggregates stability and soil organic carbon sequestration by no-till and legume-based crop rotations in the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157518. [PMID: 35878862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been adopted worldwide on about 200 Mha to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) for mitigating climate change. However, as a crucial mechanism to sequester SOC, how the protection of aggregates responds to the interaction between no-till and crop rotations (two principles of CA) remains unknown. Thus, a field experiment with six treatments [e.g., no-till or rotary tillage under the maize-wheat-soybean-wheat system (NT-MWSW, RT-MWSW), no-till or rotary tillage under the maize-wheat system (NT-MW, RT-MW), and no-till or rotary tillage under the soybean-wheat system (NT-SW, RT-SW)] was conducted from June 2018 to June 2021 in the North China Plain (NCP) to assess their effects on aggregation and SOC. Results indicated that macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) were the main contributors to the soil carbon (C) pool, comprised 64.7-87.3 % of aggregates, and encompassed 64.9-73.1 % of the SOC stock. NT increased not only the proportion of macroaggregates but also aggregate stability (i.e., mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter). Significant positive effects from legumes were observed under NT. SW increased by 13.6 % macroaggregate-associated SOC under NT in 0-20 cm compared to that under MW. Additionally, the conversion rate of straw C input under NT-SW was higher than that in other treatments, augmenting it by 9.4-21.9 %. This may be attributed to the higher macroaggregate total nitrogen (increased by 1.7-15.9 %) in 0-10 cm under legume-based crop rotations compared to that under MW, resulting in lower C: N ratios, which promoted the decomposition of straw. Furthermore, the total potential mineralization of macroaggregates under NT legume-based crop rotations was 3.0-16.0 % higher than that of MW. Thus, a legume-based NT system can significantly improve soil macro-aggregation, increase the conversion rate of straw C input, and reduce C loss, which can be a viable practice to enhance SOC sequestration capacity under CA in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao-Di Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
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13
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Jia Z, Huang X, Li L, Li T, Duan Y, Ling N, Yu G. Rejuvenation of iron oxides enhances carbon sequestration by the 'iron gate' and 'enzyme latch' mechanisms in a rice-wheat cropping system. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156209. [PMID: 35644381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The 'enzyme latch' theory believes that oxygen constraints on phenol oxidase can restrain the activity of hydrolytic enzymes responsible for decomposition, while the 'iron (Fe) gate' theory suggests that Fe oxidation can decrease phenol oxidase activity and enhance Fe-lignin complexation under oxygen exposure. The objective of this study was to explore the roles of the 'enzyme latch' and 'Fe gate' mechanisms in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in a rice-wheat cropping system subjected to six fertilization treatments: control (CT), chemical fertilizer (CF), CF plus manure (CFM), CF plus straw (CFS), CF plus manure and straw (CFMS), and CF plus organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OICF). Soil samples were collected after the rice and wheat harvests and wet sieved into large macroaggregates, small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and silt and clay particles. Variations in amorphous and free Fe oxides, Fe-bound organic carbon and phenol oxidase activity were examined. After nine years, compared with the initial soil, the activation degree of free Fe oxides increased by 1.3- to 1.6-fold and the topsoil SOC stock increased by 13-61% across all treatments. Amorphous Fe oxide content, phenol oxidase activity and aggregate mean-weight diameter were higher after the wheat harvest than after the rice harvest. Amorphous Fe oxide content was positively correlated with Fe-bound organic carbon content (P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with phenol oxidase activity (P < 0.001). Therefore, seasonal alternation of wetting and drying can progressively drive the rejuvenation of Fe oxides and simultaneously affect the activity of phenol oxidase. Oxidative precipitation of amorphous Fe oxides promoted the formation of organo-Fe complexes and macroaggregates, while flooding of the paddies decreased the activity of phenol oxidase, thereby resulting in year-round hindered decomposition. Organic fertilization strengthened the roles of the 'Fe gate' and 'enzyme latch' mechanisms, and thus accelerated SOC sequestration in the rice-wheat cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waster Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Tingliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waster Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Yu Z, Schmidt O, Zhao Y, Liu M, Kumar A, Luo Y, Xu J. Dinotefuran alters Collembola-fungi-bacteria interactions that control mineralization of maize and soil organic carbon. J Hazard Mater 2021; 418:126391. [PMID: 34329022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare studies investigated influence of neonicotinoid insecticides on the whole soil biota including non-target invertebrates and microorganisms. And less is known about the consequent intervention on soil C processes. This study aimed to decipher Collembola-fungi-bacteria interactive effects on pathways of maize C translocation, combining isotopic tracer analysis of relevant compartments with high-throughput sequencing for bacterial and fungal genetic profiles. Dinotefuran was applied at 0 or 100 μg kg-1 (a simulating residual dosage) to microcosms containing soils, Collembola and 13C labelled maize. Dinotefuran drastically reduced the density and maize-derived biomass C of Collembola, while intensifying antagonistic associations between soil organisms, with flourishing growth of Ascomycota and Actinobacteria, e.g., Streptomyces. This led to higher soil organic C (SOC) mineralization (elevated by 9.8-10.5%) across soils, attributing to the shift in microbial taxonomic and functional guild, e.g., with the increased abundance of genes aligned to cytochrome P450. Maize decomposition was controlled by Collembola that primarily fed on maize, via grazing behavior that facilitated labile maize C preferred decomposers, e.g., Xanthomonadaceae. These findings elucidate the influence of minute dinotefuran on intra-linkages between biomes (Collembola, fungi and bacteria), and highlight such legacy effects on maize and SOC mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Manqiang Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amit Kumar
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Yu H, Zheng X, Weng W, Yan X, Chen P, Liu X, Peng T, Zhong Q, Xu K, Wang C, Shu L, Yang T, Xiao F, He Z, Yan Q. Synergistic effects of antimony and arsenic contaminations on bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sinensis: Insights for nitrification and carbon mineralization. J Hazard Mater 2021; 411:125094. [PMID: 33486227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of metal(loids) on soil microbial communities are research focuses to understand nutrient cycling in heavy metal-contaminated environments. However, how antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) contaminations synergistically affect microbially-driven ecological processes in the rhizosphere of plants is poorly understood. Here we examined the synergistic effects of Sb and As contaminations on bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of a pioneer plant (Miscanthus sinensis) by focusing on soil carbon and nitrogen cycle. High contamination (HC) soils showed significantly lower levels of soil enzymatic activities, carbon mineralization and nitrification potential than low contamination (LC) environments. Multivariate analysis indicated that Sb and As fractions, pH and available phosphorus (AP) were the main factors affecting the structure and assembly of microbial communities, while Sb and As contaminations reduced the microbial alpha-diversity and interspecific interactions. Random forest analysis showed that microbial keystone taxa provided better predictions for soil carbon mineralization and nitrification under Sb and As contaminations. Partial least squares path modeling indicated that Sb and As contaminations could reduce the carbon mineralization and nitrification by influencing the microbial biomass, alpha-diversity and soil enzyme activities. This study enhances our understanding of microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling affected by Sb and As contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Yu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiafei Zheng
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanlin Weng
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xizhe Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pubo Chen
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tony Yang
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Fanshu Xiao
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Lyu H, Watanabe T, Kilasara M, Hartono A, Funakawa S. Soil organic carbon pools controlled by climate and geochemistry in tropical volcanic regions. Sci Total Environ 2021; 761:143277. [PMID: 33203565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that control the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an urgent priority for mitigating global climate problems. The objective of this study was to determine the factors controlling SOC pools with differing stabilities. Surface soil samples were collected along an elevation gradient from four volcanic regions of Tanzania (two regions) and Indonesia (two regions) under largely-undisturbed vegetation (24 sites in total). A three-pool kinetic model was fitted to accumulative CO2 release curve produced over 343-day incubation to determine the sizes of the labile and intermediate SOC pools (CL and CI, respectively) and their mean residence times (1/KL and 1/KI, respectively), where the size of the stable SOC pool (CS) was measured as non-hydrolyzable carbon. Correlation and path analyses were performed using the results of soil fractionation and model fitting with climatic and geochemical properties. The intermediate pool comprised 50% of total SOC, was responsible for 58% of total accumulative CO2 release, and controlled total SOC stability. The content of nanocrystalline minerals (Alo + 1/2Feo: 5.5-110 g kg-1) was strongly correlated with CI and CS, suggesting that organo-mineral complexes is the essential factor that controls CI and CS rather than soil texture or pH. Temperature (12-26 °C) was weakly correlated with CI, CS, and strongly with CL, which was closely related to microbial biomass carbon. The low temperature at the high elevation sites retards the decomposition of the whole SOC. The significant correlations of excess precipitation with 1/KL and 1/KI represent the effect of moisture on the potential stabilities of the labile and intermediate SOC pools. Climatic factors primarily affect relatively labile SOC pools, whereas geochemical factors influence more stable pools and control total SOC. The findings have important implications for understanding the SOC stabilization mechanisms, which is an essential process of the carbon cycle, in tropical volcanic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lyu
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Method Kilasara
- College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Arief Hartono
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shinya Funakawa
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Mukherjee I, Das SK, Kumar A, Shukla L. Sludge Amendment Affect the Persistence, Carbon Mineralization and Enzyme Activity of Atrazine and Bifenthrin. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:291-298. [PMID: 32583070 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine and bifenthrin persistence study was carried out in three sludge amended soil under laboratory condition. Atrazine persisted shorter in sludge amended soil sludge-3 (half-life 23.4 days) followed by sludge-2 (half-life 30.1 days) and sludge-1 (half-life 37.1 days) than unamended control (half-life 150.5 days). Bifenthrin followed the similar pattern with sludge-3 (half-life 43.1 days) which increased to 50.3, 60.2 and 75.2 days, respectively in sludge-2, sludge-1 and unamended control representing an immense influence of sludges on degradation. Duncan's Multiple Range Test revealed that carbon mineralization process was significantly influenced by all the sludges (p < 0.0001). Sludge-3 indicated highest Cmin (initial 118.16 to final 133.64 mg CO2-C/kg) in bifenthrin and 129.91 mg CO2-C/kg in atrazine. The relatively high Cmin rate in sludge amended soil than unamended control suggested a lower persistency of both the pesticides and thus decreasing its potential ecological risk. Sludge-3 sludge amended soil increased the dehydrogenase enzyme activity as compared to sludge-1 and sludge-2 sludge in atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irani Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Shaon Kumar Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, 737102, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Livleen Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
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18
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Werba JA, Stucy AL, Peralta AL, McCoy MW. Effects of diversity and coalescence of species assemblages on ecosystem function at the margins of an environmental shift. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8608. [PMID: 32195044 PMCID: PMC7067187 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea level rise is mixing formerly isolated freshwater communities with saltwater communities. The structure of these new aquatic communities is jointly controlled by pre- and post-colonization processes. Similarly, since salinity is a strong abiotic determinant of post-colonization survival in coastal systems, changes in salinity will likely impact community composition. In this study, we examine how a strong abiotic gradient affects the diversity and structure of bacterial and zooplankton communities and associated ecosystem functions (decomposition and carbon mineralization). We ran a six week dispersal experiment using mesocosm ponds with four distinct salinity profiles (0, 5, 9, and 13 psu). We find that salinity is the primary driver of both bacterial and zooplankton community composition. We find evidence that as bacterial richness increases so does the amount of decomposition. A phenomenological model suggests carbon mineralization may decrease at mid-salinities; this warrants future work into possible mechanisms for this apparent loss of function. Understanding how salinization changes community structure and ecosystem function may be paramount for managing and conserving coastal plain ecosystems where salinity is increasing due to sea level rise, saltwater intrusion, storm surges, and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo A Werba
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra L Stucy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Ariane L Peralta
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael W McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
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19
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Lin D, McCulley RL, Nelson JA, Jacobsen KL, Zhang D. Time in pasture rotation alters soil microbial community composition and function and increases carbon sequestration potential in a temperate agroecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134233. [PMID: 31514023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon (C) sequestration plays an important role in mitigating global climate change, and certain land utilization strategies can exert a pronounced effect on carbon storage. Land use practices, such as planting previously cropped lands into perennial grasslands, can increase soil C sequestration; however, the temporal response of soil C pools to such changes in land use are likely complex and not well quantified. In the current study, a space-for-time approach was used to assess the response of soil C sequestration and microbial community composition during a five-year grazed pasture rotation following three years of vegetable production on a central Kentucky farm. After 5 years in pasture, soil organic C and N in the top 15 cm increased 20.6% and 20.1%, respectively, from year 1 levels, and particulate organic matter C (POM C) increased 53.5%. A carbon mineralization (CM) assay indicated that the potential release of CO2 also increased with time in pasture rotation. When compared to permanent pasture (not previously used for vegetable production), soil microbial community composition differed in rotation years 1-3 but became similar in years 4 and 5. Multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) analysis showed that CM and POM were key factors affecting microbial community composition. Soil microbial community composition also varied with time of year (season), but to a lesser degree than with pasture duration. Overall, incorporation of perennial pasture into cropping systems can have profound effects on microbial community composition and function, increasing soil organic C, and consequently enhancing the potential for C sequestration; however, whether these increases in C storage persist throughout the full cropping sequence (i.e., once the pasture has been returned to vegetables) and/or how these changes influence subsequent vegetable production remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lin
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
| | - Jim A Nelson
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Krista L Jacobsen
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Degang Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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Xu H, Shao H, Lu Y. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and related soil microbial activity drive carbon mineralization in the maize rhizosphere. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109476. [PMID: 31352211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research is aimed to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on soil microbial activity and carbon mineralization in the maize rhizosphere under potted condition. Glomus etunicatum was used for our experiment. Results showed that AM symbiosis increased the levels of microorganism in the maize rhizosphere soil, and enhanced activity of soil microbial enzymes. After inoculating AM fungi, the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) in the rhizosphere soil of maize increased with varying degrees. We obtained strong evidence that higher contents of MBC, DOC, ROC, superior number of microbes and stronger soil enzyme activities could be responsible for the higher rate of carbon mineralization in AM fungi treatment. AM fungi inoculation was confirmed to be effective to improve the soil quality for larger-scale ecoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Xu
- School of Urban and Environmental Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology(QUST), Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Urban and Environmental Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
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21
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Pokharel P, Chang SX. Manure pellet, woodchip and their biochars differently affect wheat yield and carbon dioxide emission from bulk and rhizosphere soils. Sci Total Environ 2019; 659:463-472. [PMID: 31096376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of biochars produced by pyrolyzing organic residues to cropland has been proposed to be an effective approach to better use of organic residues, decrease soil greenhouse gas emission and increase soil fertility. However, the effect of biochar application on processes occurring in the bulk soil vs that in the rhizosphere is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of manure pellet and woodchip biochars, as compared to that of unpyrolyzed (raw) manure pellet and woodchip, on plant grain yield, and soil respiration in the bulk and rhizosphere soils in a greenhouse experiment using the rhizobox technique. The raw manure pellet and woodchip and their biochars were applied to the soil at the rate of 57 t ha-1 and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. GP168) was grown in the rhizosphere compartment of the rhizobox. Soil amendment with raw manure pellet and its biochar significantly increased plant grain yield by 36.3 and 16.1%, as compared to the control (without amendment), while raw woodchip and its biochar applications significantly decreased plant grain yield. Manure pellet and woodchip biochars significantly reduced soil respiration from the rhizosphere by 24.6 and 29.7%, respectively, relative to the control, but not that from the bulk soil (P > 0.05). Relativized cumulative CO2 emission was significantly reduced by both manure pellet and woodchip biochars from rhizosphere and bulk soils. Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen were increased (P < 0.01) in all soil amendment treatments in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, but microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil were reduced by manure pellet biochar application. We conclude that biochars produced from organic residues have differential impacts on processes in bulk and rhizosphere soils, and thus measurements based on bulk soil alone may result in erroneous conclusions about the effect of biochars on soil CO2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pokharel
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
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22
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Jat RL, Jha P, Dotaniya ML, Lakaria BL, Rashmi I, Meena BP, Shirale AO, Meena AL. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in Vertisol as mediated by type and placement method of residue. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:439. [PMID: 29955978 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Selection of appropriate residue application method is essential for better use of biomass for soil and environmental health improvement. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 75 days to investigate C and N mineralization of residues of soybean (Glycine max L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) placed on the soil surface and incorporated into the soil. The residue of soybean and chickpea had a greater decomposition rate than that of maize and wheat, despite of their placements. Higher rate of decomposition of the residue of soybean and chickpea was recorded when it was kept on the soil surface while soil incorporation of residue of wheat and maize resulted in faster decomposition. Therefore, these findings could be used as guidelines for management of crop residue application in farmland to improve soil and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208017, India.
| | - Pramod Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - M L Dotaniya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - B L Lakaria
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - I Rashmi
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, 324002, India
| | - B P Meena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - A O Shirale
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - A L Meena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Meerut, 250110, India
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23
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Cui H, Jia L, Xie X, Li J, Wei Z. Assessing the use of composts from multiple sources based on the characteristics of carbon mineralization in soil. Waste Manag 2017; 70:30-36. [PMID: 28893452 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve soil quality, reduce wastes and mitigate climate change, it is necessary to understand the balance between soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and depletion under different organic waste compost amended soils. The effects of proportion (5%, 15%, 30%), compost type (sewage sludge (SS), tomato stem waste (TSW), municipal solid waste (MSW), kitchen waste (KW), cabbage waste (CW), peat (P), chicken manure (CM), dairy cattle manure (DCM)) and the black soil (CK). Their initial biochemical composition (carbon, nitrogen, C:N ratio) on carbon (C) mineralization in soil amended compost have been investigated. The CO2-C production of different treatments were measured to indicate the levels of carbon (C) mineralization during 50d of laboratory incubation. And the one order E model (M1E) was used to quantify C mineralization kinetics. The results demonstrated that the respiration and C mineralization of soil were promoted by amending composts. The C mineralization ability increased when the percentage of compost added to the soil also increased and affected by compost type in the order CM>KW, CW>SS, DCM, TSW>MSW, P>CK at the same amended level. Based on the values of C0 and k1 from M1E model, a management method in agronomic application of compost products to the precise fertilization was proposed. The SS, DCM and TSW composts were more suitable in supplying fertilizer to the plant. Otherwise, The P and MSW composts can serve the purpose of long-term nutrient retention, whereas the CW and KW composts could be used as soil remediation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Longji Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liming Jia
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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24
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Sun J, He F, Zhang Z, Shao H, Xu G. Temperature and moisture responses to carbon mineralization in the biochar-amended saline soil. Sci Total Environ 2016; 569-570:390-394. [PMID: 27348703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of temperature and moisture on carbon mineralization (Cmin) in a saline soil system with biochar amendment. The dynamics of Cmin were monitored in a biochar-amended saline soil for 220days by incubation experiments under different conditions of temperature (15°C, 25°C and 35°C) and moisture (30%, 70% and 105% of the water-holding capacity). Results showed that as the incubation temperature rose, cumulative Cmin consistently increased in soil added with 0-4% biochar. The two-compartment model could well describe the dynamics of Cmin. The temperature rise increased the concentration of labile C in soil, but reduced the turnover time of labile and recalcitrant C pools and the value of temperature coefficient Q10. The response of Cmin to moisture was varying in soil amended with different levels of biochar. In the control treatment (soil alone), cumulative Cmin increased only when soil moisture was >105%. In the biochar treatments, however, 70% of water-holding capacity was optimal for Cmin, except for 2%-biochar treatment at 35°C. The findings highlight the necessity to consider the combined effects of soil moisture, temperature and the amount of biochar added for assessing Cmin in biochar-amended saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Sun
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Fuhong He
- Institute of Geography & Planning, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Geography & Planning, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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25
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Khalil TM, Higgins SS, Ndegwa PM, Frear CS, Stöckle CO. Assessing the effect of different treatments on decomposition rate of dairy manure. J Environ Manage 2016; 182:230-237. [PMID: 27479239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) contribute to greenhouse gas emission, but the magnitude of these emissions as a function of operation size, infrastructure, and manure management are difficult to assess. Modeling is a viable option to estimate gaseous emission and nutrient flows from CAFOs. These models use a decomposition rate constant for carbon mineralization. However, this constant is usually determined assuming a homogenous mix of manure, ignoring the effects of emerging manure treatments. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the decomposition rate constants of dairy manure in single and three-pool decomposition models, and to develop an empirical model based on chemical composition of manure for prediction of a decomposition rate constant. Decomposition rate constants of manure before and after an anaerobic digester (AD), following coarse fiber separation, and fine solids removal were determined under anaerobic conditions for single and three-pool decomposition models. The decomposition rates of treated manure effluents differed significantly from untreated manure for both single and three-pool decomposition models. In the single-pool decomposition model, AD effluent containing only suspended solids had a relatively high decomposition rate of 0.060 d(-1), while liquid with coarse fiber and fine solids removed had the lowest rate of 0.013 d(-1). In the three-pool decomposition model, fast and slow decomposition rate constants (0.25 d(-1) and 0.016 d(-1) respectively) of untreated AD influent were also significantly different from treated manure fractions. A regression model to predict the decomposition rate of treated dairy manure fitted well (R(2) = 0.83) to observed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq M Khalil
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Stewart S Higgins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Pius M Ndegwa
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Craig S Frear
- Regenis Inc., 6920 Salashan Pkwy, Ferndale, WA 98248, USA
| | - Claudio O Stöckle
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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26
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Mukherjee I, Das SK, Kumar A. Degradation of flubendiamide as affected by elevated CO2, temperature, and carbon mineralization rate in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:19931-19939. [PMID: 27430656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted under three levels of atmospheric CO2 [ambient (398 ± 10 μmol mol(-1)), elevated (570 ± 10 μmol mol(-1)) and open condition], three levels of temperature (4, 25, and 40 °C) to study the degradation pattern of flubendiamide in soil and also carbon mineralization in soil. Results of this study revealed that flubendiamide was found to persist longer under outdoor condition (T1/2, 177.0 and 181.1 days) than ambient (T1/2, 168.4 and 172.3 days) and elevated condition (T1/2, 159.3 and 155.3 days) at 1 and 10 μg g(-1) fortification level, respectively. Results also revealed that flubendiamide dissipated faster at 40 °C (T1/2, 189.4 days) than 25 °C (T1/2, 225.3 days). Slower dissipation was recorded at 4 °C (T1/2, 326.3 days). Thus, increased CO2 levels and temperature following global warming might adversely affect flubendiamide degradation in soil. Laboratory study on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and carbon mineralization (Cmin) in soil revealed that in des-iodo flubendiamide-treated soils, MBC significantly increased up to 45 days and then decreased. Flubendiamide-treated soil showed a non-significantly decreasing trend of soil MBC with time up to the 15th day of incubation and after 15 days significantly decreased up to 90 days of incubation. In des-iodo flubendiamide-treated soil, the evolution of CO2 decreased up to 45 days, which was increased after 45 days up to 90 days. In flubendiamide-treated soil, CO2 evolution decreased up to 30 days and after 45 days, it increased up to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irani Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, LBS Building, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Shaon Kumar Das
- ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, Tadong, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, LBS Building, New Delhi, 110012, India
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27
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Sigua GC, Novak JM, Watts DW, Szögi AA, Shumaker PD. Impact of switchgrass biochars with supplemental nitrogen on carbon-nitrogen mineralization in highly weathered Coastal Plain Ultisols. Chemosphere 2016; 145:135-141. [PMID: 26688249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although an increase in soil fertility is the most frequently reported benefit linked to adding biochar to soils, there is still a need to pursue additional research that will improve our understanding on the impact of soil fertility enhancement because the effect could vary greatly between switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, L) residues (USG) and switchgrass biochars (SG). We hypothesized that SG with supplemental nitrogen (N) would deliver more positive effects on carbon (C) and N mineralization than USG. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of USG and SG, with or without supplemental inorganic N fertilizer on C and N mineralization in highly weathered Coastal Plain Ultisols. The application rate for SG and USG based on a corn yield goal of 112 kg ha(-1) was 40 Mg ha(-1). Inorganic N was added at the rate of 100 kg N ha(-1), also based on a corn yield of 7.03 tons ha(-1). Experimental treatments were: control (CONT) soil; control with N (CONT + N); switchgrass residues (USG); USG with N (USG + N); switchgrass biochars at 250 °C (250SG); SG at 250 °C with N (250SG + N); SG at 500 °C (500SG); and SG at 500 °C with N (500SG + N). Cumulative and net CO2-C evolution was increased by the additions of SG and USG especially when supplemented with N. Soils treated with 250SG (8.6 mg kg(-1)) had the least concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) while the greatest amount of TIN was observed from the CONT + N (19.0 mg kg(-1)). Our results suggest that application of SG in the short term may cause N immobilization resulting in the reduction of TIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Sigua
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC, 29501, USA.
| | - J M Novak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - D W Watts
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - A A Szögi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - P D Shumaker
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC, 29501, USA
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