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Adolf JE, Weisburg J, Hanna K, Lohnes V. Enterococcus exceedances related to environmental variability at New Jersey ocean beaches. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:250. [PMID: 36585506 PMCID: PMC9803596 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pollution at ocean beaches is a global public health problem that can be exacerbated by excessive rainfall, particularly at beaches adjacent to urban areas. Rain is acknowledged as a predictive factor of Enterococcus levels at NJ beaches, but to date no study has explicitly examined the link. Here, five beaches (156 observations) in Monmouth County, NJ, with storm drain outflows present were sampled for Enterococcus and water quality during dry and wet periods. Hypotheses included (1) beaches differ in Enterococcus levels, (2) Enterococcus is present year-round, and (3) Enterococcus exceedances could be modeled based on environmental parameters. Beaches showed significantly different median Enterococcus levels, with site SEA2 (Neptune Blvd. in Deal, NJ) lower than others and site SEA4 (South Bath Ave. in Long Branch, NJ) higher than the other sites. Elevated Enterococcus levels were detected at water temperatures from 6.5 to 22.2 °C. Multiple linear regression models identified rainfall (+), water temperature (+), and water level (-) as related to Enterococcus concentrations levels at these beaches. For the purpose of simulating the efficacy of different monitoring strategies, a hindcast model of Enterococcus abundance based on historic rainfall, water temperature, and water level data was produced. Results indicated that once-per-week sampling detected ~14% (e.g., 1/7) exceedance events, while sampling during summer alone detected ~ 50% of annual exceedance events. Models of Enterococcus exceedance based on readily available environmental time series have the potential to supplement and improve Enterococcus monitoring at NJ beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Adolf
- Biology Department, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Ave., NJ, 07764, West Long Branch, USA.
- Urban Coast Institute, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Ave., NJ, 07764, West Long Branch, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Weisburg
- Biology Department, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Ave., NJ, 07764, West Long Branch, USA
| | - Kelly Hanna
- Biology Department, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Ave., NJ, 07764, West Long Branch, USA
| | - Victoria Lohnes
- Biology Department, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Ave., NJ, 07764, West Long Branch, USA
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2
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Basili M, Campanelli A, Frapiccini E, Luna GM, Quero GM. Occurrence and distribution of microbial pollutants in coastal areas of the Adriatic Sea influenced by river discharge. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117672. [PMID: 34380232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transport of a variety of pollutants from agricultural, industrial and urbanised areas makes rivers major contributors to the contamination of coastal marine environments. Too little is known of their role in carrying pathogens to the coast. We used DNA-based metabarcoding data to describe the microbial community composition in seawater and sediment collected in front of the estuary of the Tronto, the Chienti and the Esino, three Italian rivers with different pollution levels that empty into the north-central Adriatic Sea, and to detect and measure within these communities the relative abundance of microbial pollutants, including traditional faecal indicators and alternative faecal and sewage-associated pollutants. We then applied the FORENSIC algorithm to distinguish human from non-human sources of microbial pollution and FAPROTAX to map prokaryotic clades to established metabolic or other ecologically relevant functions. Finally, we searched the dataset for other common pathogenic taxa. Seawater and sediment contained numerous potentially pathogenic bacteria, mainly faecal and sewage-associated. The samples collected in front of the Tronto estuary showed the highest level of contamination, likely sewage-associated. The pathogenic signature showed a weak but positive correlation with some nutrients and strong correlations with some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study confirms that rivers transport pathogenic bacteria to the coastal sea and highlights the value of expanding the use of HTS data, source tracking and functional identification tools to detect microbial pollutants and identify their sources with a view to gaining a better understanding of the pathways of sewage-associated discharges to the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Basili
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy.
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3
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Giao NT, Nhien HTH, Anh PK, Van Ni D. Classification of water quality in low-lying area in Vietnamese Mekong delta using set pair analysis method and Vietnamese water quality index. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:319. [PMID: 33942168 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A rational water quality assessment program directly affects a success of a national socio-economic development strategy. This study was aimed to evaluate and classify surface water quality in Dong Thap province, Vietnam, using set pair analysis (SPA) and national water quality index (WQI_VN) methods. The water quality data was collected at 58 locations in 2019 by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Thap province. Sixteen variables including temperature (°C), pH, turbidity (NTU), dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L), biological oxygen demand (BOD, mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS, mg/L), ammonia (N-NH4+, mg/L), nitrite (N-NO2-), nitrate (N-NO3-, mg/L), total nitrogen (TN, mg/L), orthophosphate (P-PO43-, mg/L), chloride (Cl-, mg/L), sulfate (SO42-, mg/L), coliform (MPN/100 mL), and Escherichia coli (MPN/100 mL) were monitored four times a year (58 water samples × 16 parameters × 4 monitoring times). The findings presented that TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, P-PO43-, coliform, and E. coli were the main constraints on water quality. The results of the entropy weight calculation indicated that deteriorated water quality was in the order of microbiological > nutrients > organic matters. Surface water quality was evaluated at medium (level III) and poor (level IV) by SPA and WQI_VN, respectively; however, the combination of SPA and entropy weight was considered more efficient in this classification and a positive spatial autocorrelation was also found through Moran's I. The spatial distribution of water quality based on SPA classification revealed that better water quality was found in the inner parts of the study area. Due to its ease and effectiveness, set pair analysis should be considered for inclusion in the water quality assessment program of Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Giao
- College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam.
| | - Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
- College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Phan Kim Anh
- College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Van Ni
- College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
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Lundbäck IC, McDougall FK, Dann P, Slip DJ, Gray R, Power ML. Into the sea: Antimicrobial resistance determinants in the microbiota of little penguins (Eudyptula minor). Infect Genet Evol 2020; 88:104697. [PMID: 33370595 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial and aquatic birds have been proposed as sentinels for the spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, but few species have been investigated specifically in the context of AMR in the marine ecosystem. This study contrasts the occurrence of class 1 integrons and associated antimicrobial resistance genes in wild and captive little penguins (Eudyptula minor), an Australian seabird with local population declines. PCR screening of faecal samples (n = 448) revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of class 1 integrons in wild and captive groups, 3.2% and 44.7% respectively, with genes that confer resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim and multidrug efflux pumps detected. Class 1 integrons were not detected in two clinically relevant bacterial species, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli, isolated from penguin faeces. The presence of class 1 integrons in the little penguin supports the use of marine birds as sentinels of AMR in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida C Lundbäck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona K McDougall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Dann
- Conservation Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Slip
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Taronga Conservation Society, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael Gray
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle L Power
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Price HD, Adams EA, Nkwanda PD, Mkandawire TW, Quilliam RS. Daily changes in household water access and quality in urban slums undermine global safe water monitoring programmes. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113632. [PMID: 33202361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global drinking water monitoring programmes and studies on water quality in urban slums often overlook short-term temporal changes in water quality and health risks. The aim of this study was to quantify daily changes in household water access and quality in an urban slum in Malawi using a mixed-method approach. Household drinking water samples (n = 371) were collected and monitored for E. coli in tandem with a water access questionnaire (n = 481). E. coli concentrations in household drinking water changed daily, and no household had drinking water that was completely safe to drink every day. Seasonal changes in drinking water availability, intermittent supply, limited opening hours, and frequent breakdown of public water points contributed to poor access. Households relied on multiple water sources and regularly switched between sources to meet daily water needs. There were generally similar E. coli levels in water samples considered safe and unsafe by residents. This study provides the first empirical evidence that water quality, water access, and related health risks in urban slums change at much finer (daily) temporal scales than is conventionally monitored and reported globally. Our findings underscore that to advance progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 6.1, it is necessary for global water monitoring initiatives to consider short-term changes in access and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Price
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Ellis A Adams
- Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Peter D Nkwanda
- University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | | | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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6
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Tillett BJ, Sharley D, Almeida MIGS, Valenzuela I, Hoffmann AA, Pettigrove V. A short work-flow to effectively source faecal pollution in recreational waters - A case study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:1503-1510. [PMID: 30743863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pollution of recreational waters poses a significant public health risk which, unless mitigated, will continue to increase with population growth. Water managers must implement strategies to accurately discriminate and source human from animal faecal contamination in complex urbanised environments. Our case-study used a new combination of chemical (i.e. ammonia) and microbial (i.e. Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp.) faecal monitoring tools in a targeted multi-tiered approach to quickly identify pollution hot-spots and track high-risk subterranean stormwater drains in real-time. We successfully located three point sources of human faecal pollution (both episodic and constant pollution streams) within 11 catchments in a total monitoring time of four months. Alternative approaches for obtaining such fine-scale accuracy are typically labour intensive and require expensive equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree J Tillett
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - David Sharley
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - M Inês G S Almeida
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Isabel Valenzuela
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; Aquatic Pollution Prevention Partnership, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3078, Australia
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7
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Neill AJ, Tetzlaff D, Strachan NJC, Hough RL, Avery LM, Watson H, Soulsby C. Using spatial-stream-network models and long-term data to understand and predict dynamics of faecal contamination in a mixed land-use catchment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:840-852. [PMID: 28881307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An 11year dataset of concentrations of E. coli at 10 spatially-distributed sites in a mixed land-use catchment in NE Scotland (52km2) revealed that concentrations were not clearly associated with flow or season. The lack of a clear flow-concentration relationship may have been due to greater water fluxes from less-contaminated headwaters during high flows diluting downstream concentrations, the importance of persistent point sources of E. coli both anthropogenic and agricultural, and possibly the temporal resolution of the dataset. Point sources and year-round grazing of livestock probably obscured clear seasonality in concentrations. Multiple linear regression models identified potential for contamination by anthropogenic point sources as a significant predictor of long-term spatial patterns of low, average and high concentrations of E. coli. Neither arable nor pasture land was significant, even when accounting for hydrological connectivity with a topographic-index method. However, this may have reflected coarse-scale land-cover data inadequately representing "point sources" of agricultural contamination (e.g. direct defecation of livestock into the stream) and temporal changes in availability of E. coli from diffuse sources. Spatial-stream-network models (SSNMs) were applied in a novel context, and had value in making more robust catchment-scale predictions of concentrations of E. coli with estimates of uncertainty, and in enabling identification of potential "hot spots" of faecal contamination. Successfully managing faecal contamination of surface waters is vital for safeguarding public health. Our finding that concentrations of E. coli could not clearly be associated with flow or season may suggest that management strategies should not necessarily target only high flow events or summer when faecal contamination risk is often assumed to be greatest. Furthermore, we identified SSNMs as valuable tools for identifying possible "hot spots" of contamination which could be targeted for management, and for highlighting areas where additional monitoring could help better constrain predictions relating to faecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron James Neill
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Doerthe Tetzlaff
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom; IGB Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norval James Colin Strachan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Rupert Lloyd Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Lisa Marie Avery
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen Watson
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Soulsby
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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8
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Oliver DM, Hanley ND, van Niekerk M, Kay D, Heathwaite AL, Rabinovici SJM, Kinzelman JL, Fleming LE, Porter J, Shaikh S, Fish R, Chilton S, Hewitt J, Connolly E, Cummins A, Glenk K, McPhail C, McRory E, McVittie A, Giles A, Roberts S, Simpson K, Tinch D, Thairs T, Avery LM, Vinten AJA, Watts BD, Quilliam RS. Molecular tools for bathing water assessment in Europe: Balancing social science research with a rapidly developing environmental science evidence-base. Ambio 2016; 45:52-62. [PMID: 26392185 PMCID: PMC4709354 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular tools, principally qPCR, versus traditional culture-based methods for quantifying microbial parameters (e.g., Fecal Indicator Organisms) in bathing waters generates considerable ongoing debate at the science-policy interface. Advances in science have allowed the development and application of molecular biological methods for rapid (~2 h) quantification of microbial pollution in bathing and recreational waters. In contrast, culture-based methods can take between 18 and 96 h for sample processing. Thus, molecular tools offer an opportunity to provide a more meaningful statement of microbial risk to water-users by providing near-real-time information enabling potentially more informed decision-making with regard to water-based activities. However, complementary studies concerning the potential costs and benefits of adopting rapid methods as a regulatory tool are in short supply. We report on findings from an international Working Group that examined the breadth of social impacts, challenges, and research opportunities associated with the application of molecular tools to bathing water regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Nick D Hanley
- Department of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK.
| | - Melanie van Niekerk
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - David Kay
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Aberystwyth University, Wales, SA48 8HU, UK.
| | | | | | - Julie L Kinzelman
- City of Racine Health Department Laboratory, 730 Washington Avenue, Racine, WI, 53403, USA.
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK.
| | - Jonathan Porter
- National Laboratory Service, Environment Agency, Starcross, Devon, EX6 8FD, UK.
| | - Sabina Shaikh
- University of Chicago, 5828 S University Avenue, Pick 121, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Rob Fish
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Sue Chilton
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4SE, UK.
| | - Julie Hewitt
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Economic and Environmental Assessment Branch, Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Elaine Connolly
- Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London, SW1P 3JR, UK.
| | - Andy Cummins
- Surfers Against Sewage, Unit 2, Wheal Kitty Workshops, St Agnes, Cornwall, TR5 0RD, UK.
| | - Klaus Glenk
- Land Economy, Environment & Society, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Calum McPhail
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire, ML1 4WQ, UK.
| | - Eric McRory
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Stirling, FK9 4TZ, UK.
| | - Alistair McVittie
- Land Economy, Environment & Society, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Amanna Giles
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, UK.
| | - Suzanne Roberts
- Keep Scotland Beautiful, Glendevon House, Castle Business Park, Stirling, FK9 4TZ, UK.
| | - Katherine Simpson
- Economics, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Dugald Tinch
- School of Economics & Finance, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Ted Thairs
- UK Water Industry Research Ltd, 8th Floor, 50 Broadway, London, SW1H 0RG, UK.
| | - Lisa M Avery
- Environmental & Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Andy J A Vinten
- Social, Economic & Geographical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Bill D Watts
- Institute of Environment, Health & Societies, Brunel University, London, UK.
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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Longo C, Cardone F, Corriero G, Licciano M, Pierri C, Stabili L. The co-occurrence of the demosponge Hymeniacidon perlevis and the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as a new tool for bacterial load mitigation in aquaculture. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:3736-3746. [PMID: 26498810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants in marine coastal areas are mainly a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, and microorganisms often play a major role in determining the extent of this pollution. Thus, practical and eco-friendly techniques are urgently required in order to control or minimise the pathogenic bacterial problem. The bacterial accumulation of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1919) in the presence or absence of another filter feeder, the demosponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu 1818) on sewage flowing into the Northern Ionian Sea has been estimated in a laboratory study. On account of the interesting results obtained, we also evaluated the bioremediation capability of the sponges when reared in co-culture with mussels. Specimens of M. galloprovincialis and H. perlevis were collected from the Mar Grande and from the Second Inlet of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Northern Ionian Sea, Italy), respectively. In the laboratory, we detected the bacterial abundances in the sewage, in sponge homogenates (both sponges alone and sponges that have been added to sewage with mussels) and in mussel homogenates (both mussels alone and mussels that have been added to sewage with sponges). In the field, we estimated the bacterial concentration in both the seawater within the mussels culture and the seawater collected where mussels were reared in co-culture with sponges. The bacteriological analyses were performed analysing the following parameters: the density of culturable heterotrophic bacteria by spread plate on marine agar, total culturable bacteria at 37 °C on plate count agar and vibrios on thiosulphate-citrate-bile-sucrose-salt (TCBS) agar. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli and intestinal streptococci concentrations were detected by the MPN method. The study demonstrates a higher efficiency of the sponges in removing all the considered bacterial groups compared to the mussels. Due to the conspicuous bacterial accumulation by the sponge, we can conclude that the co-occurrence of the filter-feeder H. perlevis with M. galloprovincialis is a powerful tool in reducing the bacterial load in shellfish culture areas thus playing a role in mitigating the health hazard related to the consumption of edible mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Longo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Frine Cardone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Licciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cataldo Pierri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF-CNR), U.O.S. di Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29300, 00015, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC-CNR), U.O.S. di Taranto, Via Roma 3, 70400, Taranto, Italy.
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10
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Stabili L, Licciano M, Longo C, Lezzi M, Giangrande A. The Mediterranean non-indigenous ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis: Microbiological accumulation capability and environmental implications. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 101:146-152. [PMID: 26561443 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the bacterial accumulation and digestion capability of Polyandrocarpa zorritensis, a non-indigenous colonial ascidian originally described in Peru and later found in the Mediterranean. Microbiological analyses were carried out on homogenates from "unstarved" and "starved" ascidians and seawater from the same sampling site (Adriatic Sea, Italy). Culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 °C), total culturable bacteria (37 °C) and vibrios abundances were determined on Marine Agar 2216, Plate Count Agar and TCBS Agar, respectively. Microbial pollution indicators were measured by the most probable number method. All the examined microbiological groups were accumulated by ascidians but differently digested. An interesting outcome is the capability of P. zorritensis to digest allochthonous microorganisms such as coliforms as well as culturable bacteria at 37 °C, counteracting the effects of microbial pollution. Thus, the potential exploitation of these filter feeders to restore polluted seawater should be taken into consideration in the management of this alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero - Sezione di Taranto - CNR, Via Roma 3, 74100 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Margherita Licciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ambientale, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Lezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Smolders A, Rolls RJ, Ryder D, Watkinson A, Mackenzie M. Cattle-derived microbial input to source water catchments: An experimental assessment of stream crossing modification. J Environ Manage 2015; 156:143-149. [PMID: 25841195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The provision of safe drinking water is a global issue, and animal production is recognized as a significant potential origin of human infectious pathogenic microorganisms within source water catchments. On-farm management can be used to mitigate livestock-derived microbial pollution in source water catchments to reduce the risk of contamination to potable water supplies. We applied a modified Before-After Control Impact (BACI) design to test if restricting the access of livestock to direct contact with streams prevented longitudinal increases in the concentrations of faecal indicator bacteria and suspended solids. Significant longitudinal increases in pollutant concentrations were detected between upstream and downstream reaches of the control crossing, whereas such increases were not detected at the treatment crossing. Therefore, while the crossing upgrade was effective in preventing cattle-derived point source pollution by between 112 and 158%, diffuse source pollution to water supplies from livestock is not ameliorated by this intervention alone. Our findings indicate that stream crossings that prevent direct contact between livestock and waterways provide a simple method for reducing pollutant loads in source water catchments, which ultimately minimises the likelihood of pathogenic microorganisms passing through source water catchments and the drinking water supply system. The efficacy of the catchment as a primary barrier to pathogenic risks to drinking water supplies would be improved with the integration of management interventions that minimise direct contact between livestock and waterways, combined with the mitigation of diffuse sources of livestock-derived faecal matter from farmland runoff to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Smolders
- Queensland Bulk Water Supply Authority (Trading as Seqwater), Ipswich, Queensland 4305, Australia; University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - Robert J Rolls
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Darren Ryder
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Andrew Watkinson
- Queensland Bulk Water Supply Authority (Trading as Seqwater), Ipswich, Queensland 4305, Australia; University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Mark Mackenzie
- Queensland Bulk Water Supply Authority (Trading as Seqwater), Ipswich, Queensland 4305, Australia
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12
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Korajkic A, Parfrey LW, McMinn BR, Baeza YV, VanTeuren W, Knight R, Shanks OC. Changes in bacterial and eukaryotic communities during sewage decomposition in Mississippi river water. Water Res 2015; 69:30-39. [PMID: 25463929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial decay processes are one of the mechanisms whereby sewage contamination is reduced in the environment. This decomposition process involves a highly complex array of bacterial and eukaryotic communities from both sewage and ambient waters. However, relatively little is known about how these communities change due to mixing and subsequent decomposition of the sewage contaminant. We investigated decay of sewage in upper Mississippi River using Illumina sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA gene hypervariable regions and qPCR for human-associated and general fecal Bacteroidales indicators. Mixtures of primary treated sewage and river water were placed in dialysis bags and incubated in situ under ambient conditions for seven days. We assessed changes in microbial community composition under two treatments in a replicated factorial design: sunlight exposure versus shaded and presence versus absence of native river microbiota. Initial diversity was higher in sewage compared to river water for 16S sequences, but the reverse was observed for 18S sequences. Both treatments significantly shifted community composition for eukaryotes and bacteria (P < 0.05). Data indicated that the presence of native river microbiota, rather than exposure to sunlight, accounted for the majority of variation between treatments for both 16S (R = 0.50; P > 0.001) and 18S (R = 0.91; P = 0.001) communities. A comparison of 16S sequence data and fecal indicator qPCR measurements indicated that the latter was a good predictor of overall bacterial community change over time (rho: 0.804-0.814, P = 0.001). These findings suggest that biotic interactions, such as predation by bacterivorous protozoa, can be critical factors in the decomposition of sewage in freshwater habitats and support the use of Bacteroidales genetic markers as indicators of fecal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Korajkic
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Brian R McMinn
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Will VanTeuren
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Orin C Shanks
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA.
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13
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Stabili L, Licciano M, Lezzi M, Giangrande A. Microbiological accumulation by the Mediterranean invasive alien species Branchiomma bairdi (Annelida, Sabellidae): potential tool for bioremediation. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 86:325-331. [PMID: 25070411 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the bacterial accumulation and digestion in the alien polychaete Branchiomma bairdi. Microbiological analyses were performed on worm homogenates from "unstarved" and "starved" individuals and on seawater from the same sampling site (Ionian Sea, Italy). Densities of culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 °C), total culturable bacteria (37 °C) and vibrios were measured on Marine Agar 2216, Plate Count Agar and TCBS Agar, respectively. Microbial pollution indicators were determined by the most probable number method. B. bairdi was able to accumulate all the six considered microbiological groups which, however, differ in their resistance to digestion. B. bairdi results more efficient than the other two co-occurring sabellids in removing bacteria suggesting that it may counteract the effects of microbial pollution playing a potential role for in situ bioremediation. Thus a potential risk, such as the invasion of an alien species, could be transformed into a benefit with high potential commercial gain and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero - Sezione di Taranto - CNR, Via Roma 3, 74100 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Margherita Licciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Marco Lezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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14
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Fleming LE, McDonough N, Austen M, Mee L, Moore M, Hess P, Depledge MH, White M, Philippart K, Bradbrook P, Smalley A. Oceans and Human Health: a rising tide of challenges and opportunities for Europe. Mar Environ Res 2014; 99:16-9. [PMID: 25081849 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The European Marine Board recently published a position paper on linking oceans and human health as a strategic research priority for Europe. With this position paper as a reference, the March 2014 Cornwall Oceans and Human Health Workshop brought together key scientists, policy makers, funders, business, and non governmental organisations from Europe and the US to review the recent interdisciplinary and cutting edge research in oceans and human health specifically the growing evidence of the impacts of oceans and seas on human health and wellbeing (and the effects of humans on the oceans). These impacts are a complex mixture of negative influences (e.g. from climate change and extreme weather to harmful algal blooms and chemical pollution) and beneficial factors (e.g. from natural products including seafood to marine renewable energy and wellbeing from interactions with coastal environments). Integrated approaches across disciplines, institutions, and nations in science and policy are needed to protect both the oceans and human health and wellbeing now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, The University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AE, UK. http://www.ecehh.org
| | - N McDonough
- European Marine Board, 8400 Oostende, Belgium.
| | - M Austen
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - L Mee
- Scottish Association for Marine Sciences (SAMS), Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK.
| | - M Moore
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, The University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AE, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - P Hess
- Institut Francais de Recherche Pour L'exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes, CEDEX 03, France.
| | - M H Depledge
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, The University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AE, UK.
| | - M White
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, The University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AE, UK.
| | - K Philippart
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ 't Horntje, Den Hoorn, Texel, The Netherlands.
| | - P Bradbrook
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, The University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AE, UK.
| | - A Smalley
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, The University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AE, UK.
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15
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Oliver DM, van Niekerk M, Kay D, Heathwaite AL, Porter J, Fleming LE, Kinzelman JL, Connolly E, Cummins A, McPhail C, Rahman A, Thairs T, de Roda Husman AM, Hanley ND, Dunhill I, Globevnik L, Harwood VJ, Hodgson CJ, Lees DN, Nichols GL, Nocker A, Schets C, Quilliam RS. Opportunities and limitations of molecular methods for quantifying microbial compliance parameters in EU bathing waters. Environ Int 2014; 64:124-8. [PMID: 24394589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The debate over the suitability of molecular biological methods for the enumeration of regulatory microbial parameters (e.g. Faecal Indicator Organisms [FIOs]) in bathing waters versus the use of traditional culture-based methods is of current interest to regulators and the science community. Culture-based methods require a 24-48hour turn-around time from receipt at the laboratory to reporting, whilst quantitative molecular tools provide a more rapid assay (approximately 2-3h). Traditional culturing methods are therefore often viewed as slow and 'out-dated', although they still deliver an internationally 'accepted' evidence-base. In contrast, molecular tools have the potential for rapid analysis and their operational utility and associated limitations and uncertainties should be assessed in light of their use for regulatory monitoring. Here we report on the recommendations from a series of international workshops, chaired by a UK Working Group (WG) comprised of scientists, regulators, policy makers and other stakeholders, which explored and interrogated both molecular (principally quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) and culture-based tools for FIO monitoring under the European Bathing Water Directive. Through detailed analysis of policy implications, regulatory barriers, stakeholder engagement, and the needs of the end-user, the WG identified a series of key concerns that require critical appraisal before a potential shift from culture-based approaches to the employment of molecular biological methods for bathing water regulation could be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Melanie van Niekerk
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - David Kay
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Aberystwyth University, Wales SA48 8HU, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Porter
- National Laboratory Service, Environment Agency, Starcross, Devon EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Julie L Kinzelman
- City of Racine Health Department Laboratory, 730 Washington Avenue, Racine, WI 53403, USA
| | - Elaine Connolly
- Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Nobel House, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Andy Cummins
- Surfers Against Sewage, Wheal Kitty Workshops, St Agnes, Cornwall TR5 0RD, UK
| | - Calum McPhail
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ, UK
| | - Amanna Rahman
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Ted Thairs
- UK Water Industry Research Ltd, 1 Queen Anne's Gate, London SW1H 9BT, UK
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Laboratory for Zoonoses & Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nick D Hanley
- Department of Economics, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Ian Dunhill
- Environment Agency, Oving Road, Chichester, West Sussex PO20 2AG, UK
| | - Lidija Globevnik
- European Environment Agency, European Topic Center for Inland, Coastal and Marine Water, Institute for Water of Republic of Slovenia, Slovenia
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Chris J Hodgson
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - David N Lees
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | | | - Andreas Nocker
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ciska Schets
- Laboratory for Zoonoses & Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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