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Salvesen L, Capriglia E, Dresler M, Bernardi G. Influencing dreams through sensory stimulation: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101908. [PMID: 38417380 PMCID: PMC11009489 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is typically considered a state of disconnection from the environment, yet instances of external sensory stimuli influencing dreams have been reported for centuries. Explaining this phenomenon could provide valuable insight into dreams' generative and functional mechanisms, the factors that promote sleep continuity, and the processes that underlie conscious awareness. Moreover, harnessing sensory stimuli for dream engineering could benefit individuals suffering from dream-related alterations. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review assessed the current evidence concerning the influence of sensory stimulation on sleep mentation. We included 51 publications, of which 21 focused on auditory stimulation, ten on somatosensory stimulation, eight on olfactory stimulation, four on visual stimulation, two on vestibular stimulation, and one on multimodal stimulation. Furthermore, nine references explored conditioned associative stimulation: six focused on targeted memory reactivation protocols and three on targeted lucid reactivation protocols. The reported frequency of stimulus-dependent dream changes across studies ranged from 0 to ∼80%, likely reflecting a considerable heterogeneity of definitions and methodological approaches. Our findings highlight a lack of comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms, functions, and neurophysiological correlates of stimulus-dependent dream changes. We suggest that a paradigm shift is required for meaningful progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salvesen
- Sleep, Plasticity, and Conscious Experience Group, MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Capriglia
- Sleep, Plasticity, and Conscious Experience Group, MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giulio Bernardi
- Sleep, Plasticity, and Conscious Experience Group, MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.
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Fan H, Yao X, Chen Z, Ma R, Wen Y, Li H, Wang J, Sun B. Interaction of high amylose corn starch with polyphenols: Modulating the stability of polyphenols with different structure against thermal processing. Food Chem 2024; 437:137708. [PMID: 37875061 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are known to undergo thermal degradation and their bioactivity is reduced. In this study, the thermal degradation of polyphenols was modulated by the complexation between polyphenols and high amylose corn starch (HACS). The inclusion complex between ferulic acid with hydrophobic group methoxy and HACS had the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE = 26.15 %), loading efficiency (LE = 2.38 %) and thermal stability (DPPH radical scavenging activity was reduced by only 5.99 % after baking). After complexing with HACS, protocatechuic acid with ortho-position hydroxyl group had a higher encapsulation rate and thermal stability than 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with meta-position hydroxyl. In addition, soy isoflavone with the higher logarithmic value of octanol-water partition coefficient (Log P = 3.66) resulted in higher encapsulation rate and thermal stability than naringenin (Log P = 2.11). The results suggest that the complexation between polyphenols and starch protects the bioactivity of polyphenols and improves the processing suitability of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Fan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruolan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
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de Carvalho Braga G, Coiado JV, de Melo VC, Loureiro BB, Bagatini MD. Cutaneous melanoma and purinergic modulation by phenolic compounds. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10002-5. [PMID: 38498100 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a complex pathology that still has only treatments that lack efficiency and offer many adverse effects. Due to this scenario emerges the need to analyze other possible treatments against this disease, such as the effect of phenolic compounds. These substances have proven antitumor effects, but still have not been fully explored as a form of therapy to combat melanoma. Also, the purinergic receptors, along with its system molecules, take part in the formation of tumors from many pathways, such as the actions of ectoenzymes and receptors activity, especially P2Rs family, and are formed by structures that can be modulated by the phenolic compounds. Therefore, more studies have to be made with the aim of explaining the purinergic system activity in carcinogenesis of cutaneous melanoma and the effects of its modulation by phenolic compound, in order to enable the development of new therapies to combat this aggressive and feared cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Victor Coiado
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Pfuhl T, Weber U, Horst F, Durante M, Schuy C. Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator. Z Med Phys 2024; 34:153-165. [PMID: 37940400 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The generation of space radiation on Earth is essential to study and predict the effects of radiation on space travelers, electronics, or materials during future long-term space missions. Next to the heavy ions of the galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events play a major role concerning the radiation risk in space, which consist of intermediate-energy protons with broad spectra and energies up to a few hundred MeV. This work describes an approach for the ground-based generation of solar particle events. As a proof of principle, a passive beam modulator with a specific funnel-shaped periodic structure was designed and is used to convert a monoenergetic proton beam into a spectral proton energy distribution, mimicking a solar particle event from August 1972, which is known as one of the strongest recorded SPE events. The required proton beam of 220 MeV can be generated at many existing particle accelerators at research or particle therapy facilities. The planning, manufacturing and testing of the modulator is described step by step. Its correct manufacturing and the characteristics of the solar particle event simulator are tested experimentally and by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Future modulators will follow the same concept with minor adjustments such as a larger lateral extension. As of now, the presented beam modulator is available to the research community to conduct experiments at GSI for exposure under solar particle event conditions. In addition, researchers can use and apply the described concept to design and print their individualized modulator to reproduce any desired solar particle event spectrum or request the presented modulator geometry from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Pfuhl
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Uli Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Felix Horst
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; OncoRay - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany(1)
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
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Fernández-Linsenbarth I, Mijancos-Martínez G, Bachiller A, Núñez P, Rodríguez-González V, Beño-Ruiz-de-la-Sierra RM, Roig-Herrero A, Arjona-Valladares A, Poza J, Mañanas MÁ, Molina V. Relation between task-related activity modulation and cortical inhibitory function in schizophrenia and healthy controls: a TMS-EEG study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01745-0. [PMID: 38243018 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with a reduced task-related modulation of cortical activity assessed through electroencephalography (EEG). However, to the best of our knowledge, no study so far has assessed the underpinnings of this decreased EEG modulation in schizophrenia. A possible substrate of these findings could be a decreased inhibitory function, a replicated finding in the field. In this pilot study, our aim was to explore the association between EEG modulation during a cognitive task and the inhibitory system function in vivo in a sample including healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that the replicated decreased task-related activity modulation during a cognitive task in schizophrenia would be related to a hypofunction of the inhibitory system. For this purpose, 27 healthy controls and 22 patients with schizophrenia (including 13 first episodes) performed a 3-condition auditory oddball task from which the spectral entropy modulation was calculated. In addition, cortical reactivity-as an index of the inhibitory function-was assessed by the administration of 75 monophasic transcranial magnetic stimulation single pulses over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results replicated the task-related cortical activity modulation deficit in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, schizophrenia patients showed higher cortical reactivity following transcranial magnetic stimulation single pulses over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to healthy controls. Cortical reactivity was inversely associated with EEG modulation, supporting the idea that a hypofunction of the inhibitory system could hamper the task-related modulation of EEG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Fernández-Linsenbarth
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gema Mijancos-Martínez
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bachiller
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Núñez
- Coma Science Group, CIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (BICER-BBN), CIBER of Bioengineering, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Rodríguez-González
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (BICER-BBN), CIBER of Bioengineering, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Roig-Herrero
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
- Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arjona-Valladares
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (BICER-BBN), CIBER of Bioengineering, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUCA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (BICER-BBN), CIBER of Bioengineering, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
- Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y Léon (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Lester-Smith RA, Derrick E, Larson CR. Characterization of Source-Filter Interactions in Vocal Vibrato Using a Neck-Surface Vibration Sensor: A Pilot Study. J Voice 2024; 38:1-9. [PMID: 34649740 PMCID: PMC8995401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vocal vibrato is a singing technique that involves periodic modulation of fundamental frequency (fo) and intensity. The physiological sources of modulation within the speech mechanism and the interactions between the laryngeal source and vocal tract filter in vibrato are not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if differences in the rate and extent of fo and intensity modulation could be captured using simultaneously recorded signals from a neck-surface vibration sensor and a microphone, which represent features of the source before and after supraglottal vocal tract filtering. METHOD Nine classically-trained singers produced sustained vowels with vibrato while simultaneous signals were recorded using a vibration sensor and a microphone. Acoustical analyses were performed to measure the rate and extent of fo and intensity modulation for each trial. Paired-samples sign tests were used to analyze differences between the rate and extent of fo and intensity modulation in the vibration sensor and microphone signals. RESULTS The rate and extent of fo modulation and the extent of intensity modulation were equivalent in the vibration sensor and microphone signals, but the rate of intensity modulation was significantly higher in the microphone signal than in the vibration sensor signal. Larger differences in the rate of intensity modulation were seen with vowels that typically have smaller differences between the first and second formant frequencies. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the rate of intensity modulation at the source prior to supraglottal vocal tract filtering, as measured in neck-surface vibration sensor signals, was lower than the rate of intensity modulation after supraglottal vocal tract filtering, as measured in microphone signals. The difference in rate varied based on the vowel. These findings provide further support of the resonance-harmonics interaction in vocal vibrato. Further investigation is warranted to determine if differences in the physiological source(s) of vibrato account for inconsistent relationships between the extent of intensity modulation in neck-surface vibration sensor and microphone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Lester-Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Elaina Derrick
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Charles R Larson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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Väyrynen T, Helakari H, Korhonen V, Tuunanen J, Huotari N, Piispala J, Kallio M, Raitamaa L, Kananen J, Järvelä M, Matias Palva J, Kiviniemi V. Infra-slow fluctuations in cortical potentials and respiration drive fast cortical EEG rhythms in sleeping and waking states. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:207-219. [PMID: 37972532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infra-slow fluctuations (ISF, 0.008-0.1 Hz) characterize hemodynamic and electric potential signals of human brain. ISFs correlate with the amplitude dynamics of fast (>1 Hz) neuronal oscillations, and may arise from permeability fluctuations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is unclear if physiological rhythms like respiration drive or track fast cortical oscillations, and the role of sleep in this coupling is unknown. METHODS We used high-density full-band electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy human volunteers (N = 21) to measure concurrently the ISFs, respiratory pulsations, and fast neuronal oscillations during periods of wakefulness and sleep, and to assess the strength and direction of their phase-amplitude coupling. RESULTS The phases of ISFs and respiration were both coupled with the amplitude of fast neuronal oscillations, with stronger ISF coupling being evident during sleep. Phases of ISF and respiration drove the amplitude dynamics of fast oscillations in sleeping and waking states, with different contributions. CONCLUSIONS ISFs in slow cortical potentials and respiration together significantly determine the dynamics of fast cortical oscillations. SIGNIFICANCE We propose that these slow physiological phases play a significant role in coordinating cortical excitability, which is a fundamental aspect of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Väyrynen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland.
| | - Heta Helakari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuunanen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Niko Huotari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Johanna Piispala
- MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Lauri Raitamaa
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Matti Järvelä
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - J Matias Palva
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland; MIPT group to: Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
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Machado FP, Rauber N, Vicari AR, Bauer AC, Manfro RC. Single-dose antithymocyte globulin in standard immunological risk kidney transplant recipients: efficacy and kinetics of peripheral blood CD3 + T lymphocyte modulation. J Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s40620-023-01792-9. [PMID: 37943422 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyclonal anti-T cell antibodies (ATG or thymoglobulin®) are used as induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients. This study evaluates the safety, efficacy, and CD3+ T lymphocyte modulation of two ATG regimens. METHODS The trial included two cohorts of kidney transplant recipients that were followed for one year. The study group, including standard immunological risk recipients, received one 3 mg/kg dose of ATG. The comparator group, including standard and high immunological risk kidney transplant recipients, received a fractionated dose regimen (up to four 1.5 mg/kg doses). Patient and graft outcomes and the kinetics of CD3+ T lymphocyte modulation in the peripheral blood were evaluated. RESULTS One hundred kidney transplant recipients were included in each group. The one-year incidence of treated acute rejection, and patient and graft survival did not differ between groups. Bacterial infections were significantly more frequent in fractionated-dose group patients (66% versus 5%; P = 0.0001). At one-year follow-up, there was no difference in the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection (P = 0.152) or malignancies (P = 0.312). CD3+ T lymphocyte immunomodulation in the single-dose group was more effective in the first two days after transplantation. After the third post-transplant day, CD3+ T lymphocyte modulation was more efficient in the fractionated dose group. CONCLUSION Both regimens resulted in low rejection rates and equivalent survival. The single and reduced dose regimen protects from the occurrence of bacterial infections. CD3+ T lymphocyte modulation occurred with different kinetics, although it did not result in distinct outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Rauber
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra R Vicari
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, St. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, St. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Manfro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, St. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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Milani NBL, van Gilst E, Pirok BWJ, Schoenmakers PJ. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography- A discussion on recent innovations. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300304. [PMID: 37654057 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Although comprehensive 2-D GC is an established and often applied analytical method, the field is still highly dynamic thanks to a remarkable number of innovations. In this review, we discuss a number of recent developments in comprehensive 2-D GC technology. A variety of modulation methods are still being actively investigated and many exciting improvements are discussed in this review. We also review interesting developments in detection methods, retention modeling, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino B L Milani
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric van Gilst
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bob W J Pirok
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Tuning the plasmonic and catalytic signals of Au@Pt nanoparticles for dual-mode biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115553. [PMID: 37536228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Dual-mode biosensors have gained great attention due to their excellent detection accuracy provided by the mutual verification of output signals. However, current strategies for dual-mode sensing mainly rely on a signal probe exhibiting dual properties that may encounter unreliability. Herein, we report a dual-mode biosensing strategy by modulating the plasmonic and catalytic activities of nanoparticles through a surface growing approach. Ascorbic acid enables the growing of Au shell on Au@Pt NPs to tune both their peroxidase-like activity and plasmonic signal. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions can generate ascorbic acid to modulate the plasmonic and catalytic activities of nanoparticles. Combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it enables dual-mode immunoassays of carbofuran with both a colorimetric readout by a spectrometer down to 0.1 ppb and a naked-eye readout of 5 ppb. This dual-mode biosensing technique advantages in tunable sensitivity and robustness, holding promise as an analytical platform for biomedical diagnosis and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 310016, Hangzhou, China; Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314100, Jiaxing, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 315100, Ningbo, China.
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Carvalho JHDS, Nascimento JKC, Silva KGV, Silveira Neto S, Macedo ATD, Lima França H, Ferreira LDR, Silva RDS, Sa JC, Ramos DG, Marques DDAV, Furst C, Santos DA, Santos JRA, Holanda RA. Yeast-amoeba interaction influences murine cryptococcosis. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105153. [PMID: 37244475 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The virulence of Cryptococcus spp. is modulated in the natural environment through interaction with abiotic and biotic factors, and this can occasionally have implications for the progression of cryptococcosis in mammals. Hence, we evaluated whether the prior interaction of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii strain R265 with Acanthamoeba castellanii influenced the progression of cryptococcosis. The influence of the capsule on endocytosis was evaluated using amoeba and yeast morphometrics. Mice were intratracheally infected with yeast re-isolated from the amoeba (Interaction), yeast without prior contact with the amoeba (Non-Interaction), or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (SHAM). Morbidity signs and symptoms were monitored during the survival curve, while cytokine and fungal burden measurements and histopathological analysis were performed on the 10th day post infection. Morbidity and mortality parameters in experimental cryptococcosis were influenced by the prior interaction of yeast with amoeba, which led to phenotypic changes in the cryptococcal cells, polysaccharide secretion, and their tolerance to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that a prior yeast-amoeba interaction modulates yeast virulence, which is associated with a greater tolerance to oxidative stress related to the exo-polysaccharide content and influences the progression of cryptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastiao Silveira Neto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos Patogênicos, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Hermeson Lima França
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos Patogênicos, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dos Reis Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos Patogênicos, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rayssa de Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos Patogênicos, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Joicy Cortez Sa
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes Ramos
- Laboratório Integrado de Biotecnologia Aplicada, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Cinthia Furst
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Assuncao Holanda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos Patogênicos, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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12
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Islam MS, VanderLaan D, Hickman J, Emelianov S, Dickson RM. Fluorescence-informed photoacoustic discrimination of multiple chromophores by lifetime mapping optically gated responses. Photoacoustics 2023; 32:100529. [PMID: 37645258 PMCID: PMC10461196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Synchronously Amplified Photoacoustic Image Recovery (SAPhIRe) offers improved background suppression using non-linear properties of modulatable contrast agents. Using SAPhIRe, multiple contrast agents in the same absorption window can be detected independently based on their unique triplet-state lifetimes. Here, we have demonstrated the unmixing of rose bengal and eosin Y signals from solution based on triplet-state lifetime mapping using both fluorescence and photoacoustics. Varying the pump-probe delay enables resolution and recovery of fast-decaying rose bengal and of slowly decaying eosin Y modulated photoacoustic signals, resulting from optically gated triplet state residence. Distinct images were reconstructed within tissue-mimicking phantom using the fitting coefficients of triplet-state lifetimes. Fluorescence was used to screen for modulation prior to photoacoustic imaging. The results suggest that lifetime unmixing can be utilized to simultaneously detect multiple pathologies with overlapping spectra using photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md S. Islam
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Donald VanderLaan
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Josie Hickman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert M. Dickson
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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13
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Xie T, Wu Z, Foutz TJ, Sheng X, Zhu X, Leuthardt E, Willie JT, Chen L, Brunner P. Slow-wave modulation analysis during states of unconsciousness using the novel tau-modulation method. J Neural Eng 2023. [PMID: 37429273 PMCID: PMC10359966 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ace5db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Slow-wave modulation occurs during states of unconsciousness and is a large-scale indicator of underlying brain states. Conventional methods typically characterize these large-scale dynamics by assuming that slow-wave activity is sinusoidal with a stationary frequency. However, slow-wave activity typically has an irregular waveform shape with a non-stationary frequency, causing these methods to be highly unpredictable and inaccurate. To address these limitations, we developed a novel method using tau-modulation, which is more robust than conventional methods in estimating the modulation of slow-wave activity and does not require assumptions on the shape or stationarity of the underlying waveform.

APPROACH.
We propose a novel method to estimate modulatory effects on slow-wave activity. Tau-modulation curves are constructed from cross-correlation between slow-wave and high-frequency activity. The resultant curves capture several aspects of modulation, including attenuation or enhancement of slow-wave activity, the temporal synchrony between slow-wave and high-frequency activity, and the rate at which the overall brain activity oscillates between states.

MAIN RESULTS.
The method's performance was tested on an open electrocorticographic dataset from two monkeys that were recorded during propofol-induced anesthesia, with electrodes implanted over the left hemispheres. We found a robust propagation of slow-wave modulation along the anterior-posterior axis of the lateral aspect of the cortex. This propagation preferentially originated from the anterior superior temporal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus. We also found the modulation frequency and polarity to track the stages of anesthesia. The algorithm performed well, even with non-sinusoidal activity and in the presence of real-world noise.

SIGNIFICANCE.
The novel method provides new insight into several aspects of slow-wave modulation that have been previously difficult to evaluate across several brain states. This ability to better characterize slow-wave modulation, without spurious correlations induced by non-sinusoidal signals, may lead to robust and physiologically-plausible diagnostic tools for monitoring brain functions during states of unconsciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, 63110-1010, UNITED STATES
| | - Zehan Wu
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, 12 Wulumuqi Rd (M), Jing'An, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, CHINA
| | - Thomas J Foutz
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, 63110-1010, UNITED STATES
| | - Xinjun Sheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, CHINA
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, CHINA
| | - Eric Leuthardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, 63110-1010, UNITED STATES
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, 63110-1010, UNITED STATES
| | - Liang Chen
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, 12 Wulumuqi Rd (M), Jing'An, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, CHINA
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, 63110-1010, UNITED STATES
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14
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Hutchings-Hay C, Dapelo MM, Briceño G, Fernández C, Tchanturia K. Pilot study of facial and bodily feedback. Neuropsychiatr 2023; 37:80-87. [PMID: 36018476 PMCID: PMC10238286 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modulation hypothesis of facial feedback has not adequately examined how combining facial expressions and bodily postures might influence our experience of emotional stimuli. This pilot study examined a new method for manipulating both face and body together, which is important in furthering our understanding of how face and body interact to influence emotional experiences in the real world. METHODS Using a within-subjects design, 30 participants viewed positive film clips under four conditions: (1) positive face with positive body (PP), (2) positive face with neutral body (PN), (3) neutral face with positive body (NP) and (4) neutral face with neutral body (NN). Measures of positive and negative affect were taken before and after each clip, to assess the subjective emotional experience. RESULTS Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine differences in the emotional experience under each condition. Post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that positive affect in the PP condition was significantly higher than in the NP and NN conditions. There was no significant difference between the PP and NN conditions. CONCLUSION Whilst the study findings are difficult to interpret, this pilot study generated a number of important methodological learnings that are relevant to future research of this kind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela M Dapelo
- Eating Behaviour Program, Mental Health Service, Clinica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gisselle Briceño
- School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Fernández
- School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychological Set Research and Correction Center, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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15
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Garbuzenko DV. Therapeutic possibilities of gut microbiota modulation in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:525-537. [PMID: 37206649 PMCID: PMC10190690 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i4.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of liver cirrhosis (LC) is an unfavorable event in the natural history of chronic liver diseases and with the development of portal hypertension and/or impaired liver function can cause a fatal outcome. Decompensation of LC is considered the most important stratification variable for the risk of death. It is currently postulated that decompensation of LC occurs through an acute (including acute-on-chronic liver failure) and non-acute pathway. Acute decompensation of LC is accompanied by the development of life-threatening complications, characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and high mortality. Progress in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms has led to the search for new interventions, drugs, and biological substances that can affect key links in the pathogenesis of acute decompensation in LC, for example the impaired gut-liver axis and associated systemic inflammation. Given that particular alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota play a crucial role here, the study of the therapeutic possibilities of its modulation has emerged as one of the top concerns in modern hepatology. This review summarized the investigations that describe the theoretical foundations and therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation in acute decompensation of LC. Despite the encouraging preliminary data, the majority of the suggested strategies have only been tested in animal models or in preliminary clinical trials; additional multicenter randomized controlled trials must demonstrate their efficacy in larger patient populations.
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16
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Nain-Perez A, Nilsson O, Lulla A, Håversen L, Brear P, Liljenberg S, Hyvönen M, Borén J, Grøtli M. Tuning liver pyruvate kinase activity up or down with a new class of allosteric modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115177. [PMID: 36753880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The liver isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKL) has gained interest due to its potential capacity to regulate fatty acid synthesis involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we describe a novel series of PKL modulators that can either activate or inhibit the enzyme allosterically, from a cryptic site at the interface of two protomers in the tetrameric enzyme. Starting from urolithin D, we designed and synthesised 42 new compounds. The effect of these compounds on PKL enzymatic activity was assessed after incubation with cell lysates obtained from a liver cell line. Pronounced activation of PKL activity, up to 3.8-fold, was observed for several compounds at 10 μM, while other compounds were prominent PKL inhibitors reducing its activity to 81% at best. A structure-activity relationship identified linear-shaped sulfone-sulfonamides as activators and non-linear compounds as inhibitors. Crystal structures revealed the conformations of these modulators, which were used as a reference for designing new modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalyn Nain-Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oscar Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Håversen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Liljenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Hrůzová K, Nechvátalová M, Urban J. Segmented two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Proof of concept study. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463811. [PMID: 36731333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The separation in liquid chromatography is defined either by the space domain where it proceeds until the least retained analyte reaches the outlet of the column or by the time when individual analytes elute out of the column. These two approaches lead to the four possible combinations of two-dimensional liquid chromatography with online space x time coupling being the least experimentally feasible. Here, we show the development of a novel two-dimensional liquid chromatography method combining separation defined by space and the conventional elution-based separation. First-dimension column consisted of four capillary segments coupled serially via two-position six-port valves allowing an online and comprehensive transfer of analytes from the first to the second dimension. After initial experiments using homemade monolithic capillary columns, we tested commercially available columns in both dimensions. We ended with the combination of packed capillary columns in the first dimension and monolithic capillary column in the second dimension. We used a reversed-phase retention mechanism in the first spatial dimension, while HILIC was in the second, time-based dimension. We also developed a theoretical model to describe the proposed two-dimensional separation that was further confirmed by utilizing both an isocratic and gradient elution in the second dimension. Finally, we applied our experimental setup to separate neurotransmitters contained in human urine.
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18
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Knol WC, Peters RAH, Pirok BWJ. Packed modulation loops to reduce band broadening in two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1690:463802. [PMID: 36681005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulation interfaces employing sample loops are applied in many hyphenated separations such as two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC). When the first-dimension effluent in 2D-LC is eluted from the modulation loop, dispersion effects occur due to differences in the laminar flow velocity of the filling and emptying flow. These effects were recently studied by Moussa et al. whom recommended the use of coiled loops to promote radial diffusion and reduce this effect. In the 1980s, Coq et al. investigated the use of packed loops, which also promote radial diffusion, in large volume injection 1D-LC. Unfortunately, this concept was never investigated in the context of 2D-LC modulation. Our work evaluates use of packed loops in 2D-LC modulation and compares them to unpacked coiled and uncoiled modulation loops. The effect of the solvents, loop volume, differences in filling and emptying rates, and loop elution direction on the elution profile was investigated. Statistical moments were used as a pragmatic tool to quantify elution profile characteristics. Decreased dispersion was observed in all cases for the packed loops compared to unpacked loops and unpacked coiled loops. In particular for larger loop volumes the dispersion was reduced significantly. Furthermore, countercurrent elution resulted in narrower elution profiles in all cases compared to concurrent elution. We found that packed modulation loops are of high interested when analytes are not refocussed in the second-dimension separation (e.g. for size-exclusion chromatography). Moreover, our work suggests that the use of packed loops may aid in prevention of loop overfilling.
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19
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Morgado-Valle C, Smith JC, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Lopez-Meraz L, Beltran-Parrazal L. Modulation of inspiratory burst duration and frequency by bombesin in vitro. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:101-117. [PMID: 35066612 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian respiratory rhythm-generating circuits in the brainstem are subject to neuromodulation by multiple peptidergic afferent inputs controlling circuit behavior and outputs. Although functionally important, actions of neuropeptide modulators have not been fully characterized. We analyzed at cellular and circuit levels two inspiratory patterns intrinsically generated by the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) and their modulation by the neuropeptides bombesin and substance P (SP) in neonatal rat medullary slices in vitro. We found that, in recordings of hypoglossal nerve and preBötC neuron inspiratory activity, some inspiratory bursts occurring spontaneously under basal conditions have a biphasic shape with longer duration than normal inspiratory bursts and occur at a lower frequency. This biphasic burst pattern has been proposed to represent inspiratory activity underling periodic sighs. Bath-applied bombesin or SP decreased the period and increased the duration of both normal inspiratory and biphasic bursts and their underlying synaptic drives. The ratio of the biphasic long-duration burst period to the normal inspiratory burst period and the ratio of their burst durations remained the same before and after peptidergic modulation. Bombesin increased the frequency of the inspiratory rhythm in a Ca2+-independent manner and the frequency of long-duration bursts in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This finding suggests that period and burst duration coupling are due to intrinsic mechanisms controlling simultaneously timing and burst termination within the inspiratory rhythm-generating network. We propose a model in which signaling cascades activated by bombesin and SP modulate mechanisms controlling inspiratory burst frequency and duration to coordinate preBötC circuit behavioral outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Morgado-Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México, 91190. .,Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México City, 04510, México
| | - Leonor Lopez-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México, 91190
| | - Luis Beltran-Parrazal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México, 91190.
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20
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Li X, Zhang Y, Zabed HM, Yun J, Zhang G, Zhao M, Ravikumar Y, Qi X. High-level production of d-arabitol by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii from glucose: Metabolic engineering and process optimization. Bioresour Technol 2023; 367:128251. [PMID: 36334865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
d-Arabitol is a top value-added compound with wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. Nevertheless, sustainable biosynthesis of d-arabitol is limited by lack of efficient strains and suitable fermentation process. Herein, metabolic engineering and process optimization were performed in Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to overcoming these limitations. Adopting systems metabolic engineering include enhancement of innate biosynthetic pathway, supply of precursor substrate d-ribulose-5P and cofactors regeneration, a novel recombinant strain ZR-5A with good performance was obtained, which boosted d-arabitol production up to 29.01 g/L, 59.31 % higher than the parent strain. Further with the optimum medium composition and fed-batch fermentation, the strain ZR-5A finally produced 149.10 g/L d-arabitol with the productivity of 1.04 g/L/h, which was the highest titer ever reported by Z.rouxii system. This is the first report on the use of metabolic engineering to construct Z. rouxii chassis for the sustainable production of d-arabitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuvaraj Ravikumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Lukáčová I, Ambro Ľ, Dubayová K, Mareková M. The gut microbiota, its relationship to the immune system, and possibilities of its modulation. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2023; 72:40-53. [PMID: 37185024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Research of the gut microbiota allows a better understanding of its composition and function and reveals the links between changes in the composition of bacteria and various intestinal but also systemic diseases. The gut microbiota performs several of important functions in the host body and influences many physiological processes. Gut bacteria synthesize many compounds needed for the proper function of the body (e.g., vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, and amino acids). They help maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and protect against pathogens. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and function of the immune system. Significant changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota led to a dysbiotic state and the loss of its beneficial functions for humans. The review article summarizes the basic knowledge about the composition and function of the bacterial gut microbiota in healthy people, its role in the development of the immune system, and the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis. It also presents current knowledge about the possibility of targeted modulation of the bacterial gut microbiota and faecal transplantation.
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22
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Yasir SM, Abas N, Rauf S, Chaudhry NR, Saleem MS. Investigation of optimum FSO communication link using different modulation techniques under fog conditions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12516. [PMID: 36619420 PMCID: PMC9813715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The FSO communication system offers high data rate investigated over the last few decades because of extraordinary advantages like unlicensed frequency and bandwidth at low power consumption, simple design, hasty, and minimal installation cost, including no right of way. It is essential to investigate solutions against degrading factors like absorption and scattering caused by fog, dust, rain, smog, and uncertain temperature variation of environmental channels. In this work various modulation techniques (AM, CS-NRZ, CS-RZ, DB-NRZ, MDB-NRZ, MDB-RZ, RZ, NRZ) are simulated and used to mitigate the weather attenuation of the specific airfield of Lahore, Pakistan under fog conditions, to provide a reliable FSO communication link for high data rate up to 40 Gbps over a link distance from 1.2 to 1.8 km at transmitted power up to 34 dBm in congested region. The real-time visibility data was taken metrological department for the estimation of attenuation under fog conditions and simulated using Optisys software for further investigation. To choose an FSO communication link, analysis for data rate, link distance, SNR, BER and Q-factor are performed under fog conditions using eight different modulation techniques. An increase in signal channel loss has been observed under fog conditions and performance of the FSO communication system is degraded consequently. The 3 R's (range, rate, and reliability) depend on each other if the link range is tarnished in a foggy condition that will also degrade the data rate and subsequently, reliability of the FSO system. It is observed that for maximum link distance, the performance parameters of AM modulation technique are prominent and more efficient, offering better Q-factor value at 6.08 dB, lower bit error rate at 7.03 × 10-10, and better SNR of 4.29 dB. The results also show that AM modulation technique offers better signal-to-noise power and has good SNR due to well-received signal power as compared to all other modulation techniques. This research will be helpful to design and implement an FSO communication system under foggy conditions in a metropolitan city to provide a high data communication link among different national institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naeem Abas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Shoaib Rauf
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Riaz Chaudhry
- Department of Computer Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Saleem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Beebe NL, Silveira MA, Goyer D, Noftz WA, Roberts MT, Schofield BR. Neurotransmitter phenotype and axonal projection patterns of VIP-expressing neurons in the inferior colliculus. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102189. [PMID: 36375740 PMCID: PMC9772258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the central auditory pathway, send ascending and descending projections to other auditory brain regions, as well as projections to other sensory and non-sensory brain regions. However, the axonal projection patterns of individual classes of IC neurons remain largely unknown. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide expressed by subsets of neurons in many brain regions. We recently identified a class of IC stellate neurons that we called VIP neurons because they are labeled by tdTomato (tdT) expression in VIP-IRES-Cre x Ai14 mice. Here, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that tdT+ neurons in VIP-IRES-Cre x Ai14 mice express Vglut2, a marker of glutamatergic neurons, and VIP, suggesting that VIP neurons use both glutamatergic and VIPergic signaling to influence their postsynaptic targets. Next, using viral transfections with a Cre-dependent eGFP construct, we labeled the axonal projections of VIP neurons. As a group, VIP neurons project intrinsically, within the ipsilateral and contralateral IC, and extrinsically to all the major targets of the IC. Within the auditory system, VIP neurons sent axons and formed axonal boutons in higher centers, including the medial geniculate nucleus and the nucleus of the brachium of the IC. Less dense projections terminated in lower centers, including the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, superior olivary complex, and dorsal cochlear nucleus. VIP neurons also project to several non-auditory brain regions, including the superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, and cuneiform nucleus. The diversity of VIP projections compared to the homogeneity of VIP neuron intrinsic properties suggests that VIP neurons play a conserved role at the microcircuit level, likely involving neuromodulation through glutamatergic and VIPergic signaling, but support diverse functions at the systems level through their participation in different projection pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole L Beebe
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
| | - Marina A Silveira
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - David Goyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - William A Noftz
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
| | - Michael T Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brett R Schofield
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Mathew SE, Hargiss JB, Milbrandt TA, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Vertebral body tethering compared to posterior spinal fusion for skeletally immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: preliminary results from a matched case-control study. Spine Deform 2022; 10:1123-31. [PMID: 35610543 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Direct comparisons between vertebral body tethering (VBT) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are limited. We aimed to evaluate 2-year results of VBT and PSF to report comparative outcomes. METHODS 26 prospectively enrolled VBT patients were matched 1:1 by age, gender, Risser sign and major curve magnitude with PSF patients. At a minimum 2-year follow-up, surgical results and radiographic outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Operative time, anesthesia time, blood loss, and length of stay were significantly lower in the VBT group (< 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The major curve at 2 years was corrected by 46% in the VBT group vs. 66% in the PSF (p = 0.0004). Success following VBT, defined as no fusion surgery and Cobb angle < 35° at the 2-year follow-up, was seen in 20 VBT patients (77%) (p = 0.0003) and correlated with mean Cobb angle of < 35° on 3-month imaging. 12 VBT patients (46%) showed curve improvement over time, and those patients had significantly lower mean Cobb angle on the 3-month radiograph than non-modulators (23° vs 31°, p = 0.014). At 2 years, cord breakage occurred in five patients (19%). By 2 years, three VBT patients developed complications (2 pleural effusion and 1 overcorrection needing return to OR). In contrast to PSF, growth continued at T1-T12 (mean 13 mm) and over the instrumented levels (mean 10 mm) following VBT, compared to no growth over instrumented segments in the fusion cohort (p = 0.011, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION In Sanders stages 3 and 4 patients treated in the USA, Cobb angle < 35° on 3-month imaging was associated with success at the 2-year follow-up. Curve correction was superior in the PSF group with 96% achieving curve correction to < 35° vs. 77% of the VBT patients. Cord breakage was noted in 19% of VBT patients at the 2-year follow-up. Three patients developed complications in both the VBT and PSF cohorts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II (prospective study with matched retrospective comparison group).
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Razeghian E, Kameh MC, Shafiee S, Khalafi F, Jafari F, Asghari M, Kazemi K, Ilkhani S, Shariatzadeh S, Haj-Mirzaian A. The role of the natural killer (NK) cell modulation in breast cancer incidence and progress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10935-10948. [PMID: 36008609 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the immune system on tumor surveillance has been investigated for many years, and its impact on controlling tumor progression has been verified. An important subgroup of the innate immune system is natural killer (NK) cells, whose essential function in modulating tumor behavior and suppressing metastasis and tumor growth has been demonstrated. The first idea of NK cells' crucial biological processes was demonstrated through their potent ability to conduct direct cellular cytotoxicity, even without former sensitization. These properties of NK cells allow them to recognize transformed cells that have attenuated self-ligand and express stress-induced ligands. Furthermore, secretion of various cytokines and chemokines after their activation leads to tumor elimination via either direct cytotoxic effect on malignant cells or activation of the adaptive immune system. In addition, novel immunotherapeutic approaches tend to take advantage of NK cells' ability, leading to antibody-based approaches, the formation of engineered CAR-NK cells, and adoptive cell transfer. However, the restricted functionality of NK cells and the inability to infiltrate tumors are its blind spots in breast cancer patients. In this review, we gathered newly acquired data on the biology and functions of NK cells in breast cancer and proposed ways to employ this knowledge for novel therapeutic approaches in cancers, particularly breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Chahar Kameh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Khalafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fehimeh Jafari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Kazemi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu C, Hao D, Ai M, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu C. The long non-coding RNA UPAT promotes gastric cancer cell progression via UHRF1. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1283-1300. [PMID: 35294719 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) protein associated transcript (UPAT) regulates the progression of many cancers. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) is less frequently reported. OBJECTIVE In the context of the promoting effect of lncRNA on modulating GC progression, detailed insights into the role and underlying mechanism of UPAT in GC are the foothold in this study. METHODS Overall survival was calculated. The mRNA expressions of UPAT and UHRF1 were measured by qRT-PCR, and the protein expressions of UHRF1, Cyclin D1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by western blot. Cell viability, growth, migration and invasion were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS UPAT was overexpressed in GC tissue and cell lines. Decreased UPAT level was associated with higher overall survival. Down-regulation of UPAT diminished cell proliferation, Cyclin D1 expression, and migration and invasion rates, increased apoptosis rate and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and blocked cell cycle in AGS and NCI-N87 cells. UPAT expression in GC was positively correlated with UHRF1 expression. UHRF1 overexpression offset the inhibitory effects of UPAT down-regulation on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle, and partially reversed the positive effect of UPAT down-regulation on apoptosis. CONCLUSION UPAT might positively regulate the progression of GC via interacting with UHRF1. The UHRF1/UPAT axis revealed in the present study may provide a promising approach to intervene in the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - De Hao
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Minghua Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China.
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Hoppanova L, Lacinova L. Voltage-dependent Ca V3.2 and Ca V2.2 channels in nociceptive pathways. Pflugers Arch 2022. [PMID: 35043234 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Noxious stimuli like cold, heat, pH change, tissue damage, and inflammation depolarize a membrane of peripheral endings of specialized nociceptive neurons which eventually results in the generation of an action potential. The electrical signal is carried along a long axon of nociceptive neurons from peripheral organs to soma located in dorsal root ganglions and further to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where it is transmitted through a chemical synapse and is carried through the spinal thalamic tract into the brain. Two subtypes of voltage-activated calcium play a major role in signal transmission: a low voltage-activated CaV3.2 channel and a high voltage-activated CaV2.2 channel. The CaV3.2 channel contributes mainly to the signal conductance along nociceptive neurons while the principal role of the CaV2.2 channel is in the synaptic transmission at the dorsal horn. Both channels contribute to the signal initiation at peripheral nerve endings. This review summarizes current knowledge about the expression and distribution of these channels in a nociceptive pathway, the regulation of their expression and gating during pain pathology, and their suitability as targets for pharmacological therapy.
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Smith CC, Brownstone RM. Electrical Properties of Adult Mammalian Motoneurons. Adv Neurobiol 2022; 28:191-232. [PMID: 36066827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07167-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Motoneurons are the 'final common path' between the central nervous system (that intends, selects, commands, and organises movement) and muscles (that produce the behaviour). Motoneurons are not passive relays, but rather integrate synaptic activity to appropriately tune output (spike trains) and therefore the production of muscle force. In this chapter, we focus on studies of mammalian motoneurons, describing their heterogeneity whilst providing a brief historical account of motoneuron recording techniques. Next, we describe adult motoneurons in terms of their passive, transition, and active (repetitive firing) properties. We then discuss modulation of these properties by somatic (C-boutons) and dendritic (persistent inward currents) mechanisms. Finally, we briefly describe select studies of human motor unit physiology and relate them to findings from animal preparations discussed earlier in the chapter. This interphyletic approach to the study of motoneuron physiology is crucial to progress understanding of how these diverse neurons translate intention into behaviour.
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Niu W, Yang F, Fu Z, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Ju J. The role of enteric dysbacteriosis and modulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Microb Pathog 2021;:105381. [PMID: 34974123 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is globally increasing. This disorder seriously affects the quality of life in patients. Interestingly, studies have detected that the intestinal flora imbalance is a critical factor in the progression of IBD. One potential treatment strategy for IBD involves regulating the composition and function of the intestinal flora. To date, a multitude of experiments have confirmed the relationship between intestinal flora, immune regulation, and anti-inflammation. The intestinal flora can reduce intestinal inflammation by regulating immunity and increasing the secretion of metabolic short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we discuss the composition and function of the intestinal flora, the relationship between the intestinal flora and the host, the role of intestinal flora disorders in IBD, and the progress in IBD treatment. Combining the regulation of the intestinal flora with probiotics treatment is considered a promising strategy for substantially improving the treatment of IBD.
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Verbeke P, Verguts T. Using top-down modulation to optimally balance shared versus separated task representations. Neural Netw 2021; 146:256-271. [PMID: 34915411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human adaptive behavior requires continually learning and performing a wide variety of tasks, often with very little practice. To accomplish this, it is crucial to separate neural representations of different tasks in order to avoid interference. At the same time, sharing neural representations supports generalization and allows faster learning. Therefore, a crucial challenge is to find an optimal balance between shared versus separated representations. Typically, models of human cognition employ top-down modulatory signals to separate task representations, but there exist surprisingly little systematic computational investigations of how such modulation is best implemented. We identify and systematically evaluate two crucial features of modulatory signals. First, top-down input can be processed in an additive or multiplicative manner. Second, the modulatory signals can be adaptive (learned) or non-adaptive (random). We cross these two features, resulting in four modulation networks which are tested on a variety of input datasets and tasks with different degrees of stimulus-action mapping overlap. The multiplicative adaptive modulation network outperforms all other networks in terms of accuracy. Moreover, this network develops hidden units that optimally share representations between tasks. Specifically, different than the binary approach of currently popular latent state models, it exploits partial overlap between tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Verbeke
- Department of experimental psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Tom Verguts
- Department of experimental psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Moussa A, Lauer T, Stoll D, Desmet G, Broeckhoven K. Modelling of analyte profiles and band broadening generated by interface loops used in multi-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1659:462578. [PMID: 34700181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the shape and variance of the analyte band entering the second dimension column when injected from an open loop interface in two-dimensional liquid chromatography is not fully understood. This is however important as it is connected to several other variables encountered when developing 2D-LC methods, including the first dimension flow rate, the sampling (modulation) time and the loop volume. Both numerical simulation methods and experimental measurements were used to understand and quantify the dispersion occurring in open tubular interface loops. Variables included are the analyte diffusion coefficient (Dmol), loop filling and emptying rates (Ffill & Fempty), loop inner diameter or radius (Rloop) and loop volume (Vloop). For a straight loop capillary, we find that the concentration profile (as measured at the loop outlet) depends only on a single dimensionless parameter tempty*=VloopFempty·DmolRloop2 and the ratio of the filling and emptying flow rates Fempty/Ffill. A model depending only on these two parameters was developed to predict of the peak variance resulting from the filling and emptying of a straight capillary operated in the first-in-last-out (FILO) modulation mode. Comparison of the concentration profiles and the corresponding variances obtained by either numerical simulation or experiments with straight capillaries shows the results generally agree very well. When the straight capillary is replaced by a tightly coiled loop, significantly smaller (20-40%) peak variances are observed compared to straight capillaries. The magnitude of these decreases is not predicted as well by simulations, however the simulation results are still useful in this case, because they represent an upper boundary (i.e., worst-case scenario) on the predicted variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moussa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Thomas Lauer
- Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, MN, 56082, USA
| | - Dwight Stoll
- Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, MN, 56082, USA
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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Batra D, Kamble N, Bhattacharya A, Sahoo L, Yadav R, Pal PK. Modulatory effect of continuous theta burst stimulation in patients with essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 94:62-66. [PMID: 34890877 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to study the cortical and intracortical functions in patients of ET using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and to evaluate the effect of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on the tremor characteristics. METHODS Ten ET and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. All the participants were evaluated with TMS with recording of resting motor threshold (RMT), central motor conduction time, contralateral silent period (cSP), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Subsequently only ET patients underwent cTBS of the motor cortex (M1) followed by repeat TMS. RESULTS The mean age of the patients (46.5 ± 17.2 years) was comparable to healthy controls (55.4 ± 9.2 years; p = 0.16). There was a non-significant increase in RMT in ET patients (44 ± 12.5%) when compared to healthy controls (40.9 ± 6.9%; p = 0.48). There was a significant reduction of cSP in the ET group (102.03 ± 15.26 msec) compared to healthy controls (116.1 ± 15.2, p = 0.03). In addition, a significant reduction in ICF was observed in ET patients (0.9 ± 0.7) compared to healthy controls (1.8 ± 0.8, p = 0.01). Following cTBS there was a significant reduction in the tremor scores [FTMRS (Pre-cTBS: 29.3 ± 18.7, Post-cTBS: 25.3 ± 16.8; p < 0.001) and TETRAS (pre-cTBS: 34.4 ± 16.2, post-cTBS: 29.8 ± 12.1; p = 0.01)] and improvement (increase) of the duration of cSP (pre-cTBS: 102.03 ± 15.3 msec., post-cTBS: 119.4 ± 12.03 msec; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with ET have GABAergic and glutaminergic dysfunction as demonstrated by reduced cSP and ICF. However, only the cSP improved following cTBS of M1 region, with a corresponding improvement of tremor severity suggesting the effect of cTBS on the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Batra
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Lulup Sahoo
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
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Mesquita D, Parreira L, Carmo P, Marinheiro R, Cavaco D, Amador P, Vaz E, Costa F, Farinha J, Scanavacca M, Caria R, Adragão PP. Anatomic guided ablation of the atrial right ganglionated plexi is enough for cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with significant bradyarrhythmias. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2021; 21:327-334. [PMID: 34246757 PMCID: PMC8577118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac autonomic system modulation by endocardial ablation targeting atrial ganglionated plexi (GP) is an alternative strategy in selected patients with severe functional bradyarrhythmias, although no consensus exists on the best ablation strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a simplified approach by a purely anatomical guided ablation of just the atrial right GP is enough for the treatment of these patients. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients with significant functional bradyarrhythmias and performed endocardial ablation purely guided by 3D electroanatomic mapping directed at the atrial right GP and accessed parameters of parasympathetic modulation and recurrence of bradyarrhythmias. RESULTS Thirteen patients enrolled (76.9% male, median age 51, 42-63 years). After ablation, a median RR interval shortening of 28.3 (25.6-40.3)% occurred (1111, 937.5-1395.4 ms to 722.9, 652.2-882.4 ms, p = 0.0002). The AH interval also shortened (19, 10.5-35.7%) significantly after the procedure (115, 105-122 ms to 85, 71-105 ms, p = 0.0023) as well as Wenckebach cycle length (11.1, 5.9-17.8% shortening) from 450, 440-510 ms to 430, 400-460 ms, p = 0.0127. On 24-h Holter monitoring there was significant increase in heart rates (HR) of patients after ablation (minimal HR increased from 34 (26-43)bpm to 49 (43-56)bpm, p = 0,0102 and mean HR from 65 (47-72)bpm to 78 (67-87)bpm, p = 0.0004). No patients had recurrence of symptoms or significant bradyarrhythmias during a median follow-up of 8.4 months. CONCLUSIONS A purely anatomic guided procedure directed only at the atrial right ganglionated plexi seems to be enough as a therapeutic approach for cardioneuroablation in selected patients with significant functional bradyarrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinis Mesquita
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Hospital de S. Bernardo E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal, Hospital de São Bernardo, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Leonor Parreira
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Hospital de S. Bernardo E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal, Hospital de São Bernardo, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
- Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Carmo
- Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Rita Marinheiro
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Hospital de S. Bernardo E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal, Hospital de São Bernardo, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Diogo Cavaco
- Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Pedro Amador
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Hospital de S. Bernardo E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal, Hospital de São Bernardo, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Vaz
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Francisco Costa
- Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - José Farinha
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Hospital de S. Bernardo E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal, Hospital de São Bernardo, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Maurício Scanavacca
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Rui Caria
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Hospital de S. Bernardo E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal, Hospital de São Bernardo, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pulido Adragão
- Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de St. Cruz E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Avenida Professor Reinaldo dos Santos, 2799-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
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Revadi SV, Giannuzzi VA, Rossi V, Hunger GM, Conchou L, Rondoni G, Conti E, Anderson P, Walker WB, Jacquin-Joly E, Koutroumpa F, Becher PG. Stage-specific expression of an odorant receptor underlies olfactory behavioral plasticity in Spodoptera littoralis larvae. BMC Biol 2021; 19:231. [PMID: 34706739 PMCID: PMC8555055 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection of environmental cues and signals via the sensory system directs behavioral choices in diverse organisms. Insect larvae rely on input from the chemosensory system, mainly olfaction, for locating food sources. In several lepidopteran species, foraging behavior and food preferences change across larval instars; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying such behavioral plasticity during larval development are not fully understood. Here, we hypothesize that expression patterns of odorant receptors (ORs) change during development, as a possible mechanism influencing instar-specific olfactory-guided behavior and food preferences. Results We investigated the expression patterns of ORs in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis between the first and fourth instar and revealed that some of the ORs show instar-specific expression. We functionally characterized one OR expressed in the first instar, SlitOR40, as responding to the plant volatile, β-caryophyllene and its isomer α-humulene. In agreement with the proposed hypothesis, we showed that first but not fourth instar larvae responded behaviorally to β-caryophyllene and α-humulene. Moreover, knocking out this odorant receptor via CRISPR-Cas9, we confirmed that instar-specific responses towards its cognate ligands rely on the expression of SlitOR40. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that larvae of S. littoralis change their peripheral olfactory system during development. Furthermore, our data demonstrate an unprecedented instar-specific behavioral plasticity mediated by an OR, and knocking out this OR disrupts larval behavioral plasticity. The ecological relevance of such behavioral plasticity for S. littoralis remains to be elucidated, but our results demonstrate an olfactory mechanism underlying this plasticity in foraging behavior during larval development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01159-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh V Revadi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden. .,INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
| | - Vito Antonio Giannuzzi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gert Martin Hunger
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Lucie Conchou
- AGRIODOR, 6 rue Pierre Joseph Colin, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriele Rondoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eric Conti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - William B Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.,United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Fotini Koutroumpa
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
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Aramjoo H, Riahi-Zanjani B, Farkhondeh T, Forouzanfar F, Sadeghi M. Modulatory effect of opioid administration on the activity of cholinesterase enzyme: a systematic review of mice/rat models. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:52675-52688. [PMID: 34453251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to review the literature to find the specific effect of opioids on the activity of cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme which plays a substantial role in the functioning of cholinergic system. Literature search was performed by two independent reviewers in order to find relevant articles about the changes in the activity of ChE in mice or rat following opioid administration. Based on findings from literature review, opioid administration is able to induce cholinergic modulation via decreasing or increasing the activity of ChE enzyme. However, the degree of variation of ChE in various brain regions is different. No gender differences was reported in the effect of opioids on ChE activity. Although chronic opioid administration may decrease enzyme function, ChE activity might be unchanged following opioid withdrawal using naloxone or the development of tolerance. Opioid type affects whether or not naloxone can reverse the changes of ChE. Direct inhibitory action of morphine and the other opioid ligands believed responsible for the decrease in the ChE activity. Moreover, the potency of codeine to induce allosteric enhancement of acetylcholine receptor signaling might be involved in the cholinergic modulation of codeine and other opioids. Animal studies on rat and mice showed that opioids may change the activity of ChE. These changes can pertain an increase or decrease in enzyme activity; as there might be no change. The type of opioid used may have an effect on the cholinergic modulation. It is beneficial to conduct cross-sectional and cohort studies on addicted individuals, especially opium abusers, to find the precise association of opioids with alterations in human acetyl cholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase. Simulation studies can also examine the structure-function relationships and provide important details to better understand the mechanism of action of opioid compounds on ChE activity. In addition, understanding how opioids impact ChE activity may help perform proper interventions for drug abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Aramjoo
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center (MTRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Noftz WA, Beebe NL, Mellott JG, Schofield BR. Dense cholinergic projections to auditory and multisensory nuclei of the intercollicular midbrain. Hear Res 2021; 411:108352. [PMID: 34564033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic axons from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) innervate the inferior colliculus where they are positioned to modulate both excitatory and inhibitory circuits across the central nucleus and adjacent cortical regions. More rostral regions of the auditory midbrain include the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (NBIC), the intercollicular tegmentum (ICt) and the rostral pole of the inferior colliculus (ICrp). These regions appear especially important for multisensory integration and contribute to orienting behavior and many aspects of auditory perception. These regions appear to receive cholinergic innervation but little is known about the distribution of cholinergic axons in these regions or the cells that they contact. The present study used immunostaining to examine the distribution of cholinergic axons and then used chemically-specific viral tracing to examine cholinergic projections from the PPT to the intercollicular areas in male and female transgenic rats. Staining with antibodies against vesicular acetylcholine transporter revealed dense cholinergic innervation throughout the NBIC, ICt and ICrp. Deposits of viral vector into the PPT labeled cholinergic axons bilaterally in the NBIC, ICt and ICrp. In each area, the projections were denser on the ipsilateral side. The axons appeared morphologically similar across the three areas. In each area, en passant and terminal boutons from these axons appeared in the neuropil and also in close apposition to cell bodies. Immunostaining with a marker for GABAergic cells suggested that the cholinergic axons likely contact both GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the NBIC, ICt and ICrp. Thus, the cholinergic axons could affect multisensory processing by modulating excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the NBIC, ICt and ICrp. The similarity of axons and their targets suggests there may be a common function for cholinergic innervation across the three areas. Given what is known about the PPT, such functions could be associated with arousal, sleep-wake cycle, reward and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Noftz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
| | - Nichole L Beebe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
| | - Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
| | - Brett R Schofield
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
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Zhao L, Li H, Meng J, Zhang Y, Feng H, Wu Y, Li Z. Combining triboelectric nanogenerator with piezoelectric effect for optimizing Schottky barrier height modulation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1409-1418. [PMID: 36654367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schottky-contacted sensors have been demonstrated to show high sensitivity and fast response time in various sensing systems. In order to improve their sensing performance, the Schottky barriers height (SBH) at the interface of semiconductor and metal electrode should be adjusted to appropriate range to avoid low output or low sensitivity, which was induced by excessively high or low SBH, respectively. In this work, a simple and effective SBH tuning method by triboelectric generator (TENG) is proposed, the SBH can be effectively lowered by voltage pulses generated by TENG and gradually recover over time after withdrawing the TENG. Through combining the TENG treatment with piezotronic effect, a synergistic effect on lowering SBH was achieved. The change of SBH is increased by 3.8 to 12.8 times, compared with dependent TENG treatment and piezotronic effect, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery time of the TENG-lowered SBH can be greatly shortened from 1.5 h to 40 s by piezotronic effect. This work demonstrated a flexible and feasible SBH tuning method, which can be used to effectively improve the sensitivity of Schottky-contact sensor and sensing system. Our study also shows great potential in broadening the application scenarios of Schottky-contacted electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianping Meng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hongqin Feng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Goldsworthy RL, Camarena A, Bissmeyer SRS. Pitch perception is more robust to interference and better resolved when provided by pulse rate than by modulation frequency of cochlear implant stimulation. Hear Res 2021; 409:108319. [PMID: 34340020 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear implants are medical devices that have been used to restore hearing to more than half a million people worldwide. Most recipients achieve high levels of speech comprehension through these devices, but speech comprehension in background noise and music appreciation in general are markedly poor compared to normal hearing. A key aspect of hearing that is notably diminished in cochlear implant outcomes is the sense of pitch provided by these devices. Pitch perception is an important factor affecting speech comprehension in background noise and is critical for music perception. The present article summarizes two experiments that examine the robustness and resolution of pitch perception as provided by cochlear implant stimulation timing. The driving hypothesis is that pitch conveyed by stimulation timing cues is more robust and better resolved when provided by variable pulse rates than by modulation frequency of constant-rate stimulation. Experiment 1 examines the robustness for hearing a large, one-octave, pitch difference in the presence of interfering electrical stimulation. With robustness to interference characterized for an otherwise easily discernible pitch difference, Experiment 2 examines the resolution of discrimination thresholds in the presence of interference as conveyed by modulation frequency or by pulse rate. These experiments test for an advantage of stimulation with precise temporal cues. The results indicate that pitch provided by pulse rate is both more robust to interference and is better resolved compared to when provided by modulation frequency. These results should inform the development of new sound processing strategies for cochlear implants designed to encode fundamental frequency of sounds into precise temporal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Goldsworthy
- Auditory Research Center, Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Andres Camarena
- Auditory Research Center, Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan R S Bissmeyer
- Auditory Research Center, Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Michałowski MA, Czyżewska MM, Iżykowska I, Mozrzymas JW. The β 2 subunit E155 residue as a proton sensor at the binding site on GABA type A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174293. [PMID: 34214584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GABA type A receptor plays a key role in inhibitory signaling in the adult central nervous system. This receptor can be modulated by protons but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully explored. To find possible pH-sensor residues, a comparative study for proton-activated GLIC channel and α1β2γ2 GABA receptor was performed and pK 's of respective residues were estimated by numerical algorithms which consider local interactions. β E155, located at the GABA binding site, showed pKa values close to physiological values and dependence on the receptor state and ligation, suggesting a role in modulation by pH. To validate this prediction, pH sensitivity of current responses to GABA was investigated using patch-clamp technique for WT and mutated (β2E155[C, S, Q, L]) GABA receptors. Cysteine mutation preserved pH sensitivity. However, for remaining mutants, the sensitivity to acidification (pH = 6.0) was reduced becoming not statistically significant. The effect of alkaline pH (8.0) was maintained for all mutants with exception for β2E155L for which it was nearly abolished. To further explore the impact of considered mutations, molecular docking was performed which indicated that pH modulation is probably affected by interplay between binding site residues, zwitterion GABA and protons. These data, altogether, indicate that mutation of β2E155 to hydrophobic residue (L) maximally impaired pH modulation while for polar substitutions the effect was smaller. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that a key binding site residue β2E155 plays an important role in proton sensitivity of GABA receptor.
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Abstract
The effects of dopamine on the agonistic behaviour of crayfish were analysed. When dopamine concentrations of 1 μmol l-1 were injected into large crayfish, individuals were beaten by smaller opponents, despite their physical advantage. Injection of 10 μmol l-1 dopamine into small animals increased their rate of winning against larger opponents. Injection of a D1 receptor antagonist prohibited the onset of a 'loser' effect in subordinate animals, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of dopamine on larger animals is mediated by D1 receptors. Similarly, injection of a D2 receptor antagonist prohibited the onset of a 'winner' effect in dominant animals, suggesting that the facilitating effect of dopamine on small animals is mediated by D2 receptors. Since the inhibitory effect of 1 μmol l-1 dopamine was similar to that seen with 1 μmol l-1 octopamine and the facilitating effect of 10 μmol l-1 dopamine was similar to that of 1 μmol l-1 serotonin, functional interactions among dopamine, octopamine and serotonin were analyzed by co-injection of amines with their receptor antagonists in various combinations. The inhibitory effect of 1 μmol l-1 dopamine disappeared when administered with D1 receptor antagonist, but remained when combined with octopamine receptor antagonist. Octopamine effects disappeared when administered with either D1 receptor antagonist or octopamine receptor antagonist, suggesting that the dopamine system is downstream of octopamine. The facilitating effect of 10 μmol l-1 dopamine disappeared when combined with serotonin 5HT1 receptor antagonist or D2 receptor antagonist. Serotonin effects also disappeared when combined with D2 receptor antagonist, suggesting that dopamine and serotonin activate each other through parallel pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ibuchi
- Division of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 990-8560 Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nagayama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 990-8560 Yamagata, Japan
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Takayanagi K, Nakahara S, Hori Y, Sakai Y, Taguchi I, Ikeda N. Ectopic cycle length estimation from the quantified distribution patterns of ventricular bigeminy and trigeminy. Heart Rhythm O2 2021; 2:138-148. [PMID: 34113916 PMCID: PMC8183894 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic cycle length (ECL) and the distribution patterns of ventricular bigeminy and trigeminy, expressed as their postextrasystolic intervals (PEIs) and interectopic intervals (IEIs), have been poorly pursued. Objective Based on modulation theory, we hypothesized that the PEIs of bigeminy and trigeminy determine their IEIs and ECL. Methods Ambulatory electrocardiograms of 1290 patients with ventricular premature complexes (≥3000/day) were studied. To quantify their distribution pattern on the PEI vs IEI curve (PIC), we introduced the following 2 ratios: PEI of trigeminy to PEI of bigeminy ratio (T/B-PEI) and IEI of trigeminy to IEI of bigeminy ratio (T/B-IEI). Distribution patterns were divided into 3 types by T/B-PEI: standard type (<0.90), intermediate type (between 0.90 and 1.20), and reverse type (>1.20). ECL was defined as the average of the bigeminy and trigeminy intervals in the standard type, and bigeminy intervals in the other 2 types. Results T/B-IEI disclosed significant linear relationship with T/B-PEI (P < .0001). ECLs were longest in the standard type (1905 ± 347 ms; n = 426), followed by the intermediate type (1520 ± 239 ms; n = 607) and reverse type (1317 ± 227 ms; n = 227) (P < .0001). Trigeminy PEI/ECL in the standard type (0.450 ± 0.074) was significantly shorter than that of the other 2 types (P < .0001). Conclusion We confirmed that T/B-PEI determines T/B-IEI and ECL by discriminating the 3 distribution patterns. Among them, trigeminy PEI/ECL decided the 2 types of modulation by the first sinus QRS, starting at the early delay phase or the later acceleration phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Takayanagi
- Department of Medicine, Kasukabe-Kosei Hospital, Kasukabe City, Japan
| | - Shiro Nakahara
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya City, Japan
| | - Yuiti Hori
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya City, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya City, Japan
| | - Isao Taguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya City, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ikeda
- Department of Medical Informatics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara City, Japan
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Neff R, Kambara K, Bertrand D. Ligand gated receptor interactions: A key to the power of neuronal networks. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114653. [PMID: 34129858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the chemical synapse was a seminal finding in Neurobiology but the large body of microscopic interactions involved in synaptic transmission could hardly have been foreseen at the time of these first discoveries. Characterization of the molecular players at work at synapses and the increased granularity at which we can now analyze electrical and chemical signal processing that occur in even the simplest neuronal system are shining a new light on receptor interactions. The aim of this review is to discuss the complexity of some representative interactions between excitatory and inhibitory ligand-gated ion channels and/or G protein coupled receptors, as well as other key machinery that can impact neurotransmission and to explain how such mechanisms can be an important determinant of nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Neff
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - K Kambara
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6 rte de Compois, 1222 Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Bertrand
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6 rte de Compois, 1222 Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tian YP, Liu XM, Mintova S, Zhang LL, Pan YY, Rives A, Liu YA, Wei L, Yan ZF. Isobutane dehydrogenation over high-performanced sulfide V-K/γ-Al 2O 3 catalyst: Modulation of vanadium species and intrinsic effect of potassium. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:440-448. [PMID: 34023705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Compared with industrial used Pt- and Cr-based catalyst in dehydrogenation (DH) of light alkanes, the sulfide V-K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst reported in this study shows lower cost and toxicity, and significant DH performance. The yield to isobutene reached as high as 52.9%, which is among the highest reported to date. We attribute such high isobutene yield to the precise modulation of polymerization degree for vanadium species via doping of potassium and indicating that the synergy between vanadium species and acid sites is critical to enhance the DH performance. Our previous work showed sulfidation promoted the increase of DH performance for vanadium-based catalyst, and we go further in this study to explore the correlation between increased range of DH performance and the added potassium. The different loaded potassium leads to variation in sulfidation degree, affecting the properties of vanadium species and acid properties consequently. The potassium was distributed uniformly on surface of the sulfide vanadium-based catalyst and was predominantly bonded with the vanadium species rather than with the γ-Al2O3 support. With increasing the potassium amount from 0 to 3 wt%, the acid amount kept decreasing, and some specific strong acid sites appeared once adequate sulfur was introduced in the V-K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The characterization and DFT results both revealed that the doped potassium contributes to regulating the vanadium species in the oligomeric state. The synergy between vanadium species and acid properties was regulated by the added potassium simultaneously, and thus the DH performance was enhanced. This study provides promising strategy for preparation of environment-friendly model industrial DH catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Tian
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Svetlana Mintova
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Long-Li Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Alain Rives
- Univ. Lille - UMR 8181 CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yan-An Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zi-Feng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
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44
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Lyng KD, Thorsen JBB, Boye Larsen D, Kjær Petersen K. The Modulatory Effect of QST in Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med 2021; 23:733-744. [PMID: 33905508 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms for shoulder pain (SP) are still widely unknown. Previous reviews report signs of altered pain processing in SP measured using quantitative sensory testing (QST). Evidence suggests that QST might hold predictive value for SP after intervention, yet it is not known whether QST profiles can be modulated in response to different treatments. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess if QST-parameters can be modified by interventions for patients with SP. METHODS Three databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies had a prospective design, with at least one QST variable as an outcome in conjunction with an intervention measured before and after intervention. Studies that involved SP caused by spinal or brain injury and studies looking at combined chronic neck/shoulder pain were excluded. RESULTS 19 studies investigating SP were eligible for inclusion for this review. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was the most frequently used QST-parameter investigating local and widespread hyperalgesia. A meta-analysis was performed with data from 10 studies with a total of 16 interventions. Results demonstrated an overall acute effect (<24 hours after intervention) of interventions in favour of local decreased pain sensitivity and of remote decreased pain sensitivity comparing PPTs before and after interventions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that interventions such as exercise and manual therapy can modulate PPTs acutely both locally and remotely in patients with shoulder pain. Further research investigating the acute and long-term modulatory ability of these interventions on other QST-parameters is needed in patients with shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Damgaard Lyng
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis Boye Larsen
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kjær Petersen
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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45
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Akintunde JK, Oyedibu GO, Olanipekun NJ, Olaleye OA. Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Toxicity and Oxidative Stress by Phenolic-Rich Fraction of Croton zambiscus Leaves in Rat Exposed to Chronic Mixture of Environmental Toxicants. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:272-285. [PMID: 33135141 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic mixed toxicant exposure has been implicated in the aetiology of lung and heart failure through prolonged free radical generations. This study was carried out to assess the protective effect of naturally occurring phenolic components from Croton zambesicus (400 mg/kg C-ZAMB) leaves against cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by chronic mixed toxicant (0.5 mL EOMABRSL) in rats. Chronic cardiopulmonary injury via oral administration of 0.5 ml EOMABRSL for 98 days (non-withdrawal) and 70 days (withdrawal) caused unhealthy alteration in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase]. Similarly, both withdrawal and non-withdrawal approaches of EOMABRSL-exposed animals exhibited increase in the activity of eco-51-nucleotidase (51ENT) with corresponding diminution in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), i.e. the metabolic fuel for cardiopulmonary wellness. Ultimately, histology examination confirmed hyperplastic, bronchopneumonia and cloudy swelling of cardiovascular cells followed by the accumulation of cellular exudates and haemorrhage in the alveoli and bronchioles. The active antioxidants of 400 mg/kg C-ZAMB leaves were responsible for the biological protection of cardiopulmonary toxicity by modulating the activities of 51ENT and LDH. The oxidative stress was also reversed by 400 mg/kg phenolic C-ZAMB leaves in the heart and lungs. Hence, 400 mg/kg phenolic C-ZAMB leaves may be a natural therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disorder associated with pulmonary dysfunction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, P.M.B 1530, Malete, Nigeria.
| | - G O Oyedibu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, P.M.B 1530, Malete, Nigeria
| | - N J Olanipekun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, P.M.B 1530, Malete, Nigeria
| | - O A Olaleye
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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46
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Mehdipour A, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Kennedy D, Kazemi Arababadi M. Ionizing radiation and toll like receptors: A systematic review article. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:446-54. [PMID: 33812705 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation, including X and gamma rays, are used for various purposes such as; medicine, nuclear power, research, manufacturing, food preservation and construction. Furthermore, people are also exposed to ionizing radiation from their workplace or the environment. Apart from DNA fragmentation resulting in apoptosis, several additional mechanisms have been proposed to describe how radiation can alter human cell functions. Ionizing radiation may alter immune responses, which are the main cause of human disorders. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are important human innate immunity receptors which participate in several immune and non-immune cell functions including, induction of appropriate immune responses and immune related disorders. Based on the role played by ionizing radiation on human cell systems, it has been hypothesized that radiation may affect immune responses. Therefore, the main aim of this review article is to discuss recent information regarding the effects of ionizing radiation on TLRs and their related disorders.
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47
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Jantan I, Haque MA, Arshad L, Harikrishnan H, Septama AW, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Dietary polyphenols suppress chronic inflammation by modulation of multiple inflammation-associated cell signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108634. [PMID: 33794330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high failure rate of the reductionist approach to discover effective and safe drugs to treat chronic inflammatory diseases has led scientists to seek alternative ways. Recently, targeting cell signaling pathways has been utilized as an innovative approach to discover drug leads from natural products. Cell signaling mechanisms have been identified playing key role in diverse diseases by inducing proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis. Phytochemicals are known to be able to modulate the cellular and molecular networks which are associated to chronic diseases including cancer-associated inflammation. In this review, the roles of dietary polyphenols (apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, curcumin, genistein, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol and gallic acid) in modulating multiple inflammation-associated cell signaling networks are deliberated. Scientific databases on suppressive effects of the polyphenols on chronic inflammation via modulation of the pathways especially in the recent five years are gathered and critically analyzed. The polyphenols are able to modulate several inflammation-associated cell signaling pathways, namely nuclear factor-kappa β, mitogen activated protein kinases, Wnt/β-catenin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B via selective actions on various components of the networks. The suppressive effects of the polyphenols on the multiple cell signaling pathways reveal their potential use in prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. Understanding the mechanistic effects involved in modulation of the signaling pathways by the polyphenols is necessary for lead identification and development of future functional foods for prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Laiba Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor
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48
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Arbune AA, Meritam Larsen P, Wüstenhagen S, Terney D, Gardella E, Beniczky S. Modulation in time of the interictal spiking pattern related to epileptic seizures. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1083-8. [PMID: 33770591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that significant changes in the occurrence of interictal epileptiform electroencephalography (EEG) discharges (EDs) are associated with seizures: while some EDs are pro-convulsive, increasing at seizure-occurrence, others are protective, showing decrease related to seizures. METHODS We analyzed 102 consecutive, long-term video-EEG monitoring sessions, from 98 patients. Using a semi-automated spike-detection method, we quantified the occurrence of EDs, grouped according to their location and morphology (clusters) and we constructed graphical representation of data, showing changes in time of the spiking patterns (spike-histograms). We compared the spike-histograms with the time-points of the seizures (pre-, peri- and postictal changes). RESULTS Totally 179 ED-clusters were identified. Modulation of the spiking pattern, associated with seizures, was observed in 66 clusters (37%), from 47 patients (48%). Most of these changes (40 clusters; 61%) were related to increase in the spiking-pattern. CONCLUSIONS Changes in spiking-pattern were associated with more than one third of the EDs. Both increasing and decreasing patterns were observed. SIGNIFICANCE EDs are more often pro-convulsive, with increasing spiking patterns associated with seizures. However, in more than one third of the ED clusters modulated by seizures, the spiking pattern decreased, raising the possibility of an anticonvulsive function of these discharges.
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49
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Liu W, Dong X, Liu Y, Sun Y. Photoresponsive materials for intensified modulation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β protein aggregation: A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:93-109. [PMID: 33465508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into toxic aggregates is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Modulation of Aβ fibrillization with pharmacological modalities has become an active field of research, which aims to mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and ameliorate impaired recognition. Among the various strategies for AD treatment, phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photoresponsive release systems have attracted increased attention because of the spatiotemporal controllability. Under the irradiation of light, the heat or reactive oxygen species generated by photothermal or photodynamic processes significantly enhances the efficacy of the inhibitor or modulator, and the "caged" drug can be accurately released at the intended site, thus avoiding adverse effects. This review, from a viewpoint of materials, focuses on the recent advances in modulating Aβ aggregation by light that irradiates on the materials that function on modulating Aβ aggregation. Representative examples of PTT, PDT, and photoresponsive drug release systems are discussed in terms of inhibitory mechanism, the unique properties of materials, and the design of modulators. The major challenges of phototherapy against AD are addressed and the promising prospects are proposed. It is concluded that the noninvasive light-assisted approaches will become a promising strategy for intensifying the modulation of Aβ aggregation and thus facilitating AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the hallmark of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition is affecting more than 50 million people globally. It is urgent to explore intelligent materials to modulate Aβ aggregation. This review summarizes the intensified modulation of Aβ aggregation by a variety of photoresponsive materials including photothermal, photosensitizing and photoresponsive release materials, focusing on their characteristics and functionalities. We believe this review would arouse more interest in the research field of stimuli-responsive materials and promote their clinical applications in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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50
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Lowe KA, Zinke W, Phipps MA, Cosman J, Maddox M, Schall JD, Caskey CF. Visuomotor Transformations Are Modulated by Focused Ultrasound over Frontal Eye Field. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47:679-692. [PMID: 33341303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation with focused ultrasound (FUS) is being widely explored as a non-invasive tool to stimulate focal brain regions because of its superior spatial resolution and coverage compared with other neuromodulation methods. The precise effects of FUS stimulation on specific regions of the brain are not yet fully understood. Here, we characterized the behavioral effects of FUS stimulation directly applied through a craniotomy over the macaque frontal eye field (FEF). In macaque monkeys making directed eye movements to perform visual search tasks with direct or arbitrary responses, focused ultrasound was applied through a craniotomy over the FEF. Saccade response times (RTs) and error rates were determined for trials without or with FUS stimulation with pulses at a peak negative pressure of either 250 or 425 kPa. Both RTs and error rates were affected by FUS. Responses toward a target located contralateral to the FUS stimulation were approximately 3 ms slower in the presence of FUS in both monkeys studied, while only one exhibited a slowing of responses for ipsilateral targets. Error rates were lower in one monkey in this study. In another search task requiring making eye movements toward a target (pro-saccades) or in the opposite direction (anti-saccades), the RT for pro-saccades increased in the presence of FUS stimulation. Our results indicate the effectiveness of FUS to modulate saccadic responses when stimulating FEF in awake, behaving non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb A Lowe
- Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wolf Zinke
- Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Anthony Phipps
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Josh Cosman
- Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Micala Maddox
- Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Schall
- Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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