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Kirk MM, Dobson JA, Mattock JPM, Coltman CE, Steele JR. Do foot type classifications differ between male and female netball players? A cluster analysis. Ergonomics 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38613447 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2339437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
We must better understand the foot type classifications of netball players to develop sex and size-specific shoe lasts. Five hundred and two representative-level netball players (n = 251 male; n = 251 female) had their feet three-dimensionally scanned. A validated MATLAB code was used to extract six different foot measurements from these scans automatically. We then used a two-step cluster analysis and chi-squared tests to classify foot types and determine the effect of sex on each cluster, respectively. Five foot types were identified (Extra long-and-wide, Long-and-wide, Flat, Tapered and Short-and-narrow), with sex significantly affecting foot type classification. The feet of players wearing smaller shoe sizes were often Short-and-narrow and Tapered, whereas the feet of players wearing larger sizes tended to be more Extra long-and-wide and Long-and-wide. These results highlight that netball players have a wide variety of foot types; manufacturers should use these data to develop future grading systems to improve the fit and functionality of netball-specific footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison M Kirk
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jessica A Dobson
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Joshua P M Mattock
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Celeste E Coltman
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Grayson J, Hillard D, Antcliff A, Chan C, Nightingale E, Pappas E. The effect of the KNEE program for Netball players on the modified Star Excursion Balance Test - a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 67:83-89. [PMID: 38614047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate the effect of the KNEE program on postural control as measured by the modified Star Excursion Balance test (mSEBT) in Australian club level netball players. METHODS Two netball teams from Netball NSW Premier-League were recruited and randomized to complete either the KNEE program or a traditional warm-up. Cumulative, anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the mSEBT were measured for both limbs at baseline, 8-weeks, and 5-months. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of the intervention on mSEBT outcomes. RESULTS When compared to a traditional warm-up, the KNEE program led to improvements in postural control in the PM direction of the mSEBT at 8 weeks (R: p = 0.005; L = 0.016) and 5 months (R: p = 0.006 and L: p = 0.026). For the cumulative score, there was a main effect of time with significant improvements between baseline and subsequent time points (p < 0.03), but there was no effect of group or interaction. No significant changes were found in ANT and PL directions. CONCLUSION The KNEE program when implemented as a warm-up prior to training and match-play can improve postural control in the PM direction which is integral to Netball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Grayson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - David Hillard
- Zone 34 Sports Physiotherapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Alanna Antcliff
- Netball Australia, Australian Sports Commission, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Cliffton Chan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Nightingale
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Illawarra Medical and Health Research Institute, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Smith MD, Wee NSH. Coach perspectives on factors that influence the implementation of injury prevention programs in community netball: A qualitative study. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:37-42. [PMID: 38281361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Netball KNEE Program is an injury prevention program (IPP) developed by Netball Australia. It is promoted to coaches, but implementation is limited. This study explored community netball coaches' perspectives on factors that influence IPP implementation, and ideas on how it could be improved. METHODS Twenty-four coaches from 16 netball clubs participated in semi-structured interviews that asked about their beliefs about injury prevention, use of and confidence in delivering IPP, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and suggestions to ease IPP implementation. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Two themes were identified - Factors that influence IPP implementation (4 sub-themes), and Suggestions to improve IPP implementation (2 sub-themes). Coaches thought early development of injury prevention habits was important. Life roles, coaching experience and engagement with development courses influenced IPP delivery. Coaches expressed concerns about Netball KNEE program length and complexity and lack of implementation support. They suggested the need for a short simple IPP and engagement with health/exercise professionals for implementation. CONCLUSIONS This study engaged with stakeholders to identify barriers that need to be addressed to improve IPP implementation in netball. Coaches desired a short simple standardised IPP, and training from physiotherapists or exercise professionals on implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Smith
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Natasha Shi Hui Wee
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Kirk MM, Dobson JA, Mattock JPM, Coltman CE, Steele JR. Do the feet of male and female netball players differ in shape? Implications for shoe design. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:483-489. [PMID: 38594899 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2338335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A large proportion of netball players suffer foot-related problems and pain and are dissatisfied with current netball-specific footwear. To improve the fit and functionality of netball-specific shoes, we must understand the shape of these players' feet and determine whether any sex differences exist. Five hundred and two representative-level netball players (n = 251 male; n = 251 female) had their feet three-dimensionally scanned. We then used a validated MATLAB code to automatically extract 10 measurements to characterise each participant's foot shape. Differences between men and women for the absolute values and those normalised to foot length and stature were identified using independent samples t-tests with a Bonferroni adjusted alpha level. The size and shape of male netball players' feet differed significantly from their female counterparts. Males had significantly larger absolute and normalised foot measurements than females, notably at the ball of the foot, heel and instep (p < 0.001). Netball shoe manufacturers should develop unique lasts for each sex and foot size and should offer a more extensive range of shoe lengths and widths to netball players. Such considerations will help optimise shoe fit and comfort and, in turn, reduce foot-related problems and pain associated with ill-fitting footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison M Kirk
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jessica A Dobson
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Joshua P M Mattock
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Celeste E Coltman
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Eijwoudt S, Andrews T, McErlain-Naylor SA, Stewart T, Spencer K. Internal and external workload in national and international netball competition. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1573-1579. [PMID: 38078436 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2283661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Differences in workload exist between netball playing positions and competition levels, but no research has compared workloads experienced by the same elite players during national and international competitions. This study collected internal (heart rate) and external (PlayerLoad·min-1) workload data per match quarter from 44 players during a national competition and 12 players during an international competition. Nine players played in both competitions. Linear mixed models compared percentage of match quarter in each heart rate zone and PlayerLoad·min-1 between competitions for each playing position. Workloads against low- and high-ranked international opponents were also compared. Internal workloads were greater in national compared to international competition for GD and WD positions. PlayerLoad·min-1 was significantly higher by 8-13% in the national competition for positions WD and C, and by 5-8% in the international competition for GD and GA. Positional differences may indicate a role of the team's tactical style of play. Workloads were generally greater against higher- rather than lower-ranked international opponents. These results indicate that tactical factors in combination with playing position and opposition characteristics should be considered when preparing physically for matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eijwoudt
- Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Andrews
- School of Sport and Recreation, Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S A McErlain-Naylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - T Stewart
- School of Sport and Recreation, Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K Spencer
- School of Sport and Recreation, Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rowe PL, Hinman RS, Bryant AL, Paterson KL. Health-seeking behaviors, management practices, and return to play decisions after an ankle sprain in netball: An international cross-sectional survey of 1592 non-elite netballers. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:415-420. [PMID: 37400287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate if non-elite netballers sought health care, treatments received, and return-to-play decisions after an ankle sprain, including intercountry differences. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Non-elite netballers aged >14 years were recruited from Australia, United Kingdom, and New Zealand. Participants completed an online survey regarding their last ankle sprain and were queried regarding health care sought, health professionals consulted, treatments received, time missed, and return-to-play clearance. Data were described using number (proportion) for the overall cohort and countries. Between-country differences in health care use were compared using chi-square tests. Descriptive statistics were presented for management practices. RESULTS We received 1592 responses from Australian (n = 846), United Kingdom (n = 454), and New Zealand (n = 292) netballers. Three in five (n = 951, 60 %) sought health care. Of those, most consulted a physiotherapist (n = 728, 76 %), received strengthening exercises (n = 771, 81 %), balance exercises (N = 665, 70 %) and taping (n = 636, 67 %). Few received return-to-play clearance (n = 362, 23 %). Comparing countries, fewer United Kingdom netballers sought health care than Australian and New Zealand netballers (Australia: 60 % vs United Kingdom: 53 % vs New Zealand: 68 %, p < 0.001), consulted a physiotherapist (Australia: 79 %, United Kingdom: 63 %, New Zealand: 87 %), received strengthening (Australia: 84 %, United Kingdom: 73 %, New Zealand: 84 %) or balance exercises (Australia: 71 %, United Kingdom: 60 %, New Zealand: 80 %) or taping (Australia: 74 %, United Kingdom: 39 %, New Zealand: 82 %). More Australian netballers returned to play within 1-7 days (Australia: 25 %, United Kingdom: 15 %, New Zealand: 21 %) and fewer United Kingdom netballers received return-to-play clearance (Australia: 28 %, United Kingdom: 10 %, New Zealand: 28 %). CONCLUSIONS Health-seeking behaviours are adopted by some, but not all netballers after an ankle sprain. For those who sought care, most consulted a physiotherapist and were prescribed exercise-based interventions and external ankle support, but few received return-to-play clearance. Comparing countries, United Kingdom netballers had lower health-seeking behaviours and received less best-practice management than Australian and New Zealand netballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Rowe
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/patrickrowe94
| | - Rana S Hinman
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/HinmanRana
| | - Adam L Bryant
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kade L Paterson
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Kirk MM, Mattock JPM, Forsyth JR, Coltman CE, Steele JR. Increasing women's participation in biomechanics through National Biomechanics Day events. J Biomech 2023; 147:111433. [PMID: 36638577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) occupations represent one of the broadest gender gaps in any professional field, with women and girls grossly underrepresented in STEM education and careers, particularly engineering and biomechanics. Factors such as bias, stereotyping, and a lack of female role models can significantly influence women's and girls' decisions to enter and remain in the field of biomechanics. A critical first step in increasing the number of female biomechanists is to create early opportunities for girls to explore biomechanics. To address this, international initiatives, such as National Biomechanics Day (NBD), have been developed to expand the awareness, influence, and impact of biomechanics by engaging young people in school biomechanics programs. The Biomechanics Initiative, the official sponsor of NBD, offers grant programs aimed at empowering women to host an NBD event designed to promote biomechanics to girls and women in an immersive, interactive, and engaging manner. In 2021, Biomechanics Research Laboratory (BRL) Ph.D. student Maddison Kirk was a recipient of the grant program. In this paper we describe the BRL NBD event, which involved 20 female athletes from diverse backgrounds, demonstrating to them how biomechanics can be used to assess their physical fitness and performance. Female biomechanists and research assistants running the NBD event acted as female role models to participants, increasing the visibility of women in biomechanics and, in turn, helping to address current bias and stereotyping in STEM. By diversifying biomechanics and ensuring STEM fields are representative of the society in which we live, we can advance the field of biomechanics both nationally and internationally.
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Janse van Rensburg DC, Bryant G, Kearney S, Singh P, Devos A, Jansen van Rensburg A, Schwellnus MP, Botha T. The epidemiology of injury and illness at the Vitality Netball World Cup 2019: an observational study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:359-368. [PMID: 34030597 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1932632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netball is a physical game with sudden direction changes, decelerations, jumping and landing, stop/start maneuvers and restrictive footwork rules exposing players to injury. Close contact play and shared facilities during tournaments, increase illness risk.Objective: To describe incidence, period prevalence, types and severity of injuries and illnesses during the 10-day Vitality Netball World Cup 2019 (NWC).Methods: All players from 16 teams consented (n = 192). Medical staff recorded injuries (840 exposure hours), illnesses (1440 player-days) and time-loss. Main outcome measures included incidence (I) calculated as injury/1000 player-hours and illness/1000 player-days, period prevalence (PP) and severity (time-loss) of all match injuries and illnesses. RESULTS 39 players sustained 46 match injuries (I = 54.76; PP = 20.31%). Lower limb injuries (I = 29.76), specifically the ankle (I = 13.10) were most common with lateral ankle ligament sprains the highest (I = 17.39). Contact injuries (I = 40.48) significantly exceeded non-contact injuries (I = 14.29; p = 0.0124). Center players sustained most injuries (n = 12; 26%; I = 14.29), followed by goalkeepers (n = 10; 22%; I = 11.90) and goal defenders (n = 8; 17%; I = 9.52). Injuries occurred in almost 50% of matches, and 67% did not result in time-loss. Time-loss injuries (n = 14; 33%) were most frequent in the lower limb (n = 10; 71%) specifically involved lateral ankle ligaments (n = 4; 29%), attributable to contact (n = 11; 79%) and mostly implicated center players and goal defenders (n = 4 each; 29% each). 11 players contracted 11 illnesses (I = 7.64; PP = 5.72%) with respiratory tract illness contributing 36%. Most illnesses did not result in time-loss (91%). CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting injury and illness during an NWC. Contact was the main mechanism of injury, and 2/3 of injuries did not result in time-loss. The ankle is most commonly injured and center players sustain most injuries. Non-respiratory system disease was most frequent, but upper respiratory tract infection remains the most common diagnosis. Targeted surveillance studies using similar methodology are required to develop injury and illness preventative strategies in elite netball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Christa Janse van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Medical Board Member, International Netball Federation, Manchester, UK
| | - Grace Bryant
- Sports Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Medical Board, International Netball Federation, Manchester, UK
| | - Sharon Kearney
- Medical Board Member, International Netball Federation, Manchester, UK.,Medical Board, International Netball Federation, Manchester, UK.,Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Praimanand Singh
- Medical Board Member, International Netball Federation, Manchester, UK.,Sports Medicine and Consultant, Emergency Medicine at the University, West Indies
| | - Arnold Devos
- Principal Consultant, Background Signal P/L, Australia, Australia
| | - Audrey Jansen van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin P Schwellnus
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tanita Botha
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Belcher S, Whatman C, Brughelli M. A systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite netball players during games. Sports Biomech 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35129089 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2034928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained by elite-level netball players during televised games, describes the situation, movement pattern and player behaviour, providing insight regarding the injury mechanism. Seventeen of the ACL injuries occurred from jump-landing actions and only two from cutting manoeuvres. A common scenario was identified for 11 players. In this scenario, players were decelerating rapidly after jumping to receive a high pass, utilising a double-footed landing with a wide base of support (WBOS). Deceleration appeared to be applied predominantly via the injured leg with the knee extended and foot planted. Often the players appeared unbalanced on landing leaning too far back. ACL injury risk was possibly exacerbated by the players head turning away from the injured side. A further compressive knee moment may have been placed on the lateral aspect of the knee by bringing the ball from a high position to a low position at the estimated time of injury. Players may benefit from landing technique training programmes that encourage shoulder-width foot landings, with ≥30° knee flexion, a small amount of plantar-flexion and good balance. Incorporating challenges to players balance and ability to cope with perturbations may also be beneficial. Training programmes should include instruction on securing the ball in a stable above pelvis-level position after receiving a pass and bringing their whole body around during landing into the direction of their next pass, rather than simply turning their head to look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Belcher
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- NetballSmart New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Toohey LA, Antcliff A, Drew MK, Wells F, Saunders N, Piromalli LE, West S, White S, Fox AS. Epidemiology of injuries sustained in professional Australian netball: A three season cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2021:S1440-2440(21)00540-5. [PMID: 35031236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the medical attention and time-loss injury epidemiology of Australia's premier netball competition. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS One-hundred and nineteen players in the Suncorp Super Netball league were under surveillance during three consecutive seasons (2017-2019), inclusive of pre-, in-, and post- season phases. Medical attention injuries were recorded by medical personnel, and additionally sub-categorised according to time loss. Injury incidence rates (IIR) and injury burden were calculated per 365 player contract days, with differences between season and season phase IIRs compared using negative binomial generated incidence rate ratios (IRR). RESULTS Eight hundred and sixty-six medical attention injuries and 393 time-loss injuries were recorded. The majority of the players had multiple (≥2) medical attention (n = 92; 77.3%) and time-loss (n = 75, 63.0%) injuries reported. The ankle (n = 181; 20.9%), knee (n = 136; 15.7%) and foot (n = 98; 11.3%) were the body sites with the most frequently reported medical attention injuries. Overall, there was a comparable injury incidence rate between the pre-season and in-season periods (IRR = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.98-1.30, p = 0.0842), although variation in the injury burden was identified. Ankle tendon injuries (23.5 days absence) and knee joint injuries (44.9 days absence) the most burdensome injuries in the pre-season and in-season periods respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lower limb injuries are the most frequent in professional level netball. Knee and ankle injuries are the most burdensome overall, however the type of injuries with a high burden vary between pre- and in-season periods. Time-loss, non-time loss and subsequent injuries are prominent in professional level netball.
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11
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Rowe PL, Bryant AL, Paterson KL. Current ankle sprain prevention and management strategies of netball athletes: a scoping review of the literature and comparison with best-practice recommendations. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:113. [PMID: 34537083 PMCID: PMC8449445 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Ankle sprains are the most commonly reported injury in netball. Approximately four in five netball athletes will sustain an ankle sprain, up to half will go on to sustain recurrent ankle sprains, and nine in ten report perceived ankle instability. Historically, prevention and management strategies of ankle sprains and injuries have been investigated for a variety of sports, however, no literature reviews have investigated these in netball athletes, or compared these with current best-practice within the literature. Therefore, this scoping review aims to understand how netball athletes currently prevent and manage ankle sprains and to compare these approaches with best-practice recommendations. Methods A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases using keywords to capture studies with data or information related to the prevention and management of ankle sprains and injuries in netball. Results The search strategy captured 982 studies across all databases, with 30 netball studies included in this scoping review. Studies suggest netball athletes are not commonly referred to health professionals, do not undertake adequate rehabilitation, and almost immediately return to court following an ankle sprain or injury. Current best-practices suggest injury prevention programs and external ankle support effectively reduce ankle sprains and injuries; however, poor compliance and implementation may be a significant barrier. Currently, there is a lack of evidence that netball-specific footwear reduces the risk of ankle sprains. Conclusion The findings suggest netball athletes do not implement current best-practice prevention and management strategies following an ankle sprain. This is despite evidence of the effectiveness of injury prevention programs, external ankle support, and adequate rehabilitation in reducing ankle sprain rates. Current-best practice prevention and management of ankle sprains should be considered by clinicians, coaches, and athletes to reduce the prevalence and chronicity of ankle sprains in netball. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-021-00342-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Rowe
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam L Bryant
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kade L Paterson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mitchell PD, Pecheva M, Modi N. Acute Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries in School Age Children in Britain. Injury 2021; 52:2251-6. [PMID: 33812701 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relative number of acute musculoskeletal injuries sustained by children due to different sports in a region of the UK, and assess the burden upon the NHS, through a cross sectional study. METHODS Collection of data for every child aged 6-18 seen at the Peterborough City Hospital fracture clinic, whose sports injury was from 1st September 2018 - 31st August 2019 (1 school year; n=689). Data was gathered throughout the year by three children's orthopaedic surgeons, who consulted the clinic records, notes and x-rays of all children who had attended clinic. RESULTS Boys were 2.7 times more likely to sustain injury than girls. Children aged 6-9 had few injuries (mean 24 injuries each year group), 10-15 had a large number of injuries (mean 84), and 16-18 again had few injuries (mean 35). Football and rugby were responsible for the majority of injuries (61% between them), as well as the majority of physiotherapy appointments (72%). Sports with the highest likelihood that an injury will be sufficiently serious to require surgery were equestrian (42% of injuries required surgery), gymnastics (27%), ice skating (25%) and rugby (22%). Popular sports in which injuries were relatively rare include swimming, athletics, cricket, hockey, tennis and badminton. CONCLUSION The sports that caused the most injuries were football and rugby. Considering relative participation in different sports, it is clear that rugby has a disproportionate number of musculoskeletal injuries in total, of severe injuries requiring surgery, and requiring rehab from physiotherapy.
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Foley BC, Rose C, Owen KB, Reece LJ. Linking sports registration information and player feedback to enhance netball participation. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 34103084 PMCID: PMC8188710 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports should endeavour to provide inclusive opportunities for all people to participate. More evidence is required to understand who joins sports clubs and what keeps participants engaged throughout their lifetime. Little is known about who plays netball or what drives participation and retention of players in netball. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of Netball New South Wales (NSW) members, their odds of re-registering in the sport, and explore their motivations to play, experiences during participation and the perceived benefits of playing netball. METHODS We used longitudinal sport registration data from all Netball NSW members in 2018 and 2019. A cross-sectional online survey was sent to all players registered during the two-year study period (n = 157,152). We used logistic regression to determine the odds of individuals returning to netball in 2019 after playing in 2018 and linked the sports registration data with the survey responses, calculating frequencies and proportions. RESULTS Netball NSW members were mostly female (98 %) and aged less than 18 years old (69 %). Netball NSW retained 68 % of members in 2019 who played the previous year. Members who were male, aged 18-44 years old, lived in low SES areas, lived in regional/remote locations, identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, spoke a language other than English at home or were born outside Australia had lower odds of returning to play from 2018 to 2019. Survey participants (n = 10,795) rated their experience playing netball highly and reported that playing netball improved their health and wellbeing. The main reason to play netball reported was 'fun and enjoyment' while the main reason to consider quitting was the 'skill/experience of umpires and officials'. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the strengths of netball in engaging and retaining females, who often participate in less sport than males. The positive experiences reported by netball participants should be fostered to retain current participants throughout the lifecourse. The data provided by members should be inform strategic actions to enhance netball participation for sociodemographic groups who had greatest odds of dropout. Routine surveillance using linked registration and player feedback should be utilised by sports to enhance sport delivery and increase participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C Foley
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Catriona Rose
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
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Belcher S, Whatman C, Brughelli M, Borotkanics R. Short and long versions of a 12-week netball specific neuromuscular warm-up improves landing technique in youth netballers. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 49:31-36. [PMID: 33578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of two 'NetballSmart', netball specific warm-ups in improving landing technique measures in New Zealand secondary school netball players. DESIGN Multi-site cluster experimental trial. PARTICIPANTS 77 youth participants, mean ± SD age = 15.8 ± 0.9 were recruited from secondary school netball teams. SETTING 12 teams from 6 schools performed either the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up (NSDW) (n = 37); or Power warm-up (PWU) (n = 40), three times a week for 12 weeks. All players within a school (2 teams) were assigned the same warm-up, avoiding treatment contamination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A series of unilateral and bilateral drop vertical jumps on to a portable force plate were completed by all participants. Measures included peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) for single-leg and bilateral landings; frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) for right and left single-leg landings and Landing error scoring system (LESS) for bilateral landings. Paired t-tests were used to assess mean differences pre and post the warm-up. Generalised linear mixed effects models were developed to evaluate the effects between the NSDW and PWU groups. RESULTS Significant improvements were found in all the landing technique outcome measures for both warm-up groups (ES Range- GRF = -0.6 to -1.1; FPPA = 0.8 to 1.2; LESS = -1.6 to-3.2; p < 0.05). Results of mixed effects models revealed that there was only a significantly greater improvement in LESS for the PWU group (β = -0.30, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Results show both warm-ups can improve landing technique measures in youth secondary school netball players. It is recommended that coaches should consider implementing one of the two warm-ups in their netball programmes. Their choice of warm-up will likely be dependent on their environment and time demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Belcher
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Netball New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Robert Borotkanics
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
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Downs C, Snodgrass SJ, Weerasekara I, Valkenborghs SR, Callister R. Injuries in Netball-A Systematic Review. Sports Med Open 2021; 7:3. [PMID: 33409965 PMCID: PMC7788138 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and rates of netball injuries is essential for effective injury management and prevention strategies to be developed and implemented. This systematic review summarises the published findings with respect to injury types, participant characteristics and any identified risk factors for netball injuries. METHODS A librarian-assisted computer search of seven scientific databases was conducted for studies reporting on netball injuries. Inclusion criteria were studies published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, which reported data on injuries and variables (e.g. age and competition level) that have been proposed as possibly associated with netball injury risk. RESULTS Forty-six studies (43.5% prospective, 37% hospital/insurance records, 19.5% retrospective) from 45 articles were included after screening. The majority of studies (74%) were conducted in Australia or New Zealand. There was little consistency in the definition of 'injury'. Elite or sub-elite level players were included in 69% of studies where the level of competition was reported. The duration of injury surveillance was generally related to the format of competition from which data were collected. Self-report questionnaires were used in 48% of studies and only 26% of studies used qualified health professionals to collect data courtside. Injuries to the ankle and knee were the most common (in 19 studies) although the incidence varied considerably across the studies (ankle 13-84% and knee 8-50% of injuries). Prevention of ankle and knee injuries should be a priority. Children sustained more upper limb injuries (e.g. fractures) compared with adults who sustained more lower limb injuries (e.g. ankle and knee sprains/strains). A large number of potential risk factors for injury in netball have been investigated in small numbers of studies. The main circumstances of injury are landings, collisions and falls. CONCLUSION Further studies should be directed towards recreational netball, reporting on injury incidence in players by age and utilising high-quality, standardised methods and criteria. Specific injury diagnosis and a better understanding of the circumstances and mechanisms of injury would provide more meaningful data for developing prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Downs
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Central Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarah R Valkenborghs
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Boey D, Jc Lee M. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Y-BALANCE TEST SCORES AND KNEE MOMENTS DURING SINGLE-LEG JUMP-LANDING IN NETBALL. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:722-31. [PMID: 33110691 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using 3-dimensional motion analysis to derive knee moments that may contribute to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries during single-leg jump-landing is expensive and time consuming. Severe ACL injuries that are inappropriately rehabilitated can potentially end athletes' careers. Consequently, a quick-and-simple to administer screening tool that can be used to infer knee moments during single-leg jump-landing could be useful for regular screening of netballers' predispositions to increased knee loading during single-leg jump-landing. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether knee moments during weight-acceptance phase of a forward single-leg jump for maximal distance were correlated with reach scores in the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Study Design Cross-sectional, Correlation. Methods Twenty-one female national-level netballers performed two and three successful trials on the YBT and forward single-leg jump-landing, respectively, with the non-dominant leg. A three-dimensional motion analysis system captured trunk and lower limb kinematics and ground reaction forces of the non-dominant leg during landing. Averages of peak knee flexion-extension, valgus-varus and internal-external rotation moments across jumps were calculated and correlations with peak directional reach scores were examined. Results A strong positive correlation existed between posteromedial reach with externally applied flexor moments (r = 0.56, p = ≤ 0.01). A moderate negative correlation existed between anterior reach distances with internal rotation moments (T b = -0.32, p = 0.05). No correlation was found between valgus moments and YBT reaches. Conclusions The YBT shows potential to indicate externally applied flexion- and internal rotation moments during forward jump-landing on the non-dominant leg. Level of Evidence 3.
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Collings TJ, Gorman AD, Stuelcken MC, Mellifont DB, Sayers MGL. Do the landing mechanics of experienced netball players differ from those of trained athletes competing in sports that do not require frequent landings? J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:48-52. [PMID: 31471120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether young (15-19 years old) high-performance netball players exhibit different landing mechanics compared to female controls who do not participate in sports requiring frequent landings. DESIGN Comparative, cross-sectional. METHODS Lower limb kinematics and kinetics from 23 youth high performance female netball players (age: 17.5±1.7 years, height: 1.77±0.06m, mass: 66.5±6.33kg, netball experience: 8.5±2.3 years) were compared to data from 23 females (age: 22.0±3.2 years, height: 1.70±0.05m, mass: 64.4±6.7kg) who were involved in competitive sport, but had minimal experience playing a jump-landing sport. The jump landing task required participants to perform a countermovement jump and grab a netball suspended at 85% of the participant's maximum jump height. On random trials the ball was raised rapidly to 100% maximum jump height as the participant initiated her jump. RESULTS The netball group landed with significantly less contribution from the knee extensors to total work for the non-preferred leg (P<0.001, ds=1.10) than the inexperienced group. Although no other significant differences were found between groups, there were several small to moderate differences in several of the key biomechanical variables identified as being risk factors for ACL injury or associated with ACL strain. CONCLUSIONS Both groups had similar knee valgus and internal rotation angles and moments, with nearly all participants presenting with relatively poor frontal plane knee control. Overall, results suggest that experience playing a netball may not be enough to develop low-risk landing mechanics.
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McKenzie CR, Whatman C, Brughelli M, Borotkanics R. The effect of the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up on physical performance in youth netball players. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:91-98. [PMID: 30904750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up in improving physical performance measures in New Zealand secondary school netball players. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING A seven-week intervention study in secondary school netball. PARTICIPANTS 81 youth netball players (Intervention group, n = 45; Control group, n = 36). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance measures included prone hold, change of direction, sprint, vertical and horizontal jump, Y-balance and time-to-stabilisation. Mixed effects models and t-tests were used to determine significant differences of pre and post measures between groups. RESULTS Significant improvements in prone hold (β = 20.46 s; p = 0.01) and vertical jump (β = 6.73 cm; p = 0.01) were found in the intervention group compared to the control group, while horizontal jump was found to significantly decrease (β = -9.86 cm; p = 0.03) in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up can improve some physical performance measures in youth netball players. It is recommended that coaches should consider implementing the warm-up in their netball programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe R McKenzie
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Borotkanics
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sinclair JK, Vincent H, Richards JD. Effects of prophylactic knee bracing on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during netball specific movements. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 23:93-98. [PMID: 27697389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a prophylactic knee brace on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during netball specific movements. DESIGN Repeated measures. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty university first team level female netball players. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Participants performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump under two conditions (brace and no-brace). 3-D knee joint kinetics and kinematics were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system. Knee joint kinetics and kinematics were examined using 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA whilst the subjective ratings of comfort and stability were investigated using chi-squared tests. RESULTS The results showed no differences (p > 0.05) in knee joint kinetics. However the internal/external rotation range of motion was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when wearing the brace in all movements. The subjective ratings of stability revealed that netballers felt that the knee brace improved knee stability in all movements. CONCLUSIONS Further study is required to determine whether reductions in transverse plane knee range of motion serve to attenuate the risk from injury in netballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Sinclair
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Wellbeing, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK.
| | - Hayley Vincent
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Wellbeing, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK; Allied Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK
| | - Jim D Richards
- Allied Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK
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Mason-Mackay AR, Whatman C, Reid D, Lorimer A. The effect of ankle bracing on landing biomechanics in female netballers. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 20:13-8. [PMID: 27325534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate the impact of lace-up ankle braces on landing biomechanics. DESIGN Within-subject repeated measures. Participants completed a drop jump, drop land, and netball-specific task in braced and unbraced conditions. SETTING Biomechanical research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty female high school netballers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Leg, knee, and ankle stiffness, knee/ankle stiffness ratio, knee and ankle sagittal excursion, peak vertical ground reaction force, time-to-peak vertical ground reaction force, and loading rate. RESULTS In the brace condition leg stiffness increased bilaterally during the drop land (ES = 0.21, 0.22), ankle stiffness increased bilaterally during the drop jump (ES = 0.37, 0.29) and drop land (ES = 0.40, 0.60), and knee/ankle stiffness ratio decreased in all three tasks (ES = -0.22 to -0.45). Ankle sagittal excursion decreased bilaterally during the drop jump (ES = -0.35, -0.53) and drop land (ES = -0.23, -0.46), and decreased in the lead limb during the netball jump (ES = -0.36). Knee excursion decreased bilaterally during the drop jump (ES = -0.36, -0.40) and in the lead limb during netball task (ES = -0.59). Lead limb TTP was greater during the netball jump (ES = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS Lace-up ankle braces may increase leg and joint stiffness and reduce joint excursion during landing but do not appear to affect landing forces. The observed effect on landing biomechanics may predispose young netballers to injury.
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Greene AJ, Stuelcken MC, Smith RM, Vanwanseele B. The effect of external ankle support on the kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb during a side step cutting task in netballers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2014; 6:42. [PMID: 25598984 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Excessive knee valgus moments are considered to be a risk factor for non-contact injuries in female athletes. Knee injuries are highly prevalent in netballers and are significant in terms of cost and disability. The aim of the study was to identify if changes in external ankle support mechanisms effect the range of motion and loading patterns at the ankle and knee joint during a sidestep cutting manoeuvre in high performance netball players. Methods Netballers with no previously diagnosed ankle or knee injury (n = 10) were recruited from NSW Institute of Sport netball programme. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected simultaneously using a 3-D Motion Analysis System and a force platform to measure ground reaction forces. Players performed repeated side step cutting manoeuvres whilst wearing a standard netball shoe, the same shoe with a lace-up brace and a high-top shoe. Results The brace condition significantly reduced ankle joint ROM in the sagittal plane by 8.9° ± 2.4 when compared to the standard netball shoe (p = 0.013). No other significant changes were seen between conditions for either kinematic or kinetic data. All shoe conditions did however produce knee valgus moments throughout the cutting cycle that were greater than those considered excessive in the previous literature (0.59 Nm/kg-Bwt). Conclusions The results show that an external ankle support brace can be used to reduce the ROM at the ankle in the sagittal plane without affecting the loading of the joints of the lower limb. Internal varus moments generated at the knee during the task were however greater than values reported in the literature to classify excessive knee joint moments, regardless of the condition. All netballers exhibited lower extremity patterns and alignments previously associated with increased peak external valgus moments including; increasing hip abduction, peak hip flexion and internal rotation during early contact and high laterally directed ground reaction forces. Increased external valgus knee loads have been strongly linked to the development of non-contact injuries at the knee in female athletes and could highlight a potential mechanism for the development non-contact knee injuries in netballers performing side step cutting tasks.
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