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Sharma P, Mahongnao S, Ahamad A, Gupta R, Goel A, Kumar N, Nanda S. 16S rRNA metagenomic profiling of red amaranth grown organically with different composts and soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:129. [PMID: 38229333 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years organic food is gaining popularity as it is believed to promote better human health and improve soil sustainability, but there are apprehensions about pathogens in organic produces. This study was designed to understand the effect of different composts and soils on the status of the microbiome present in organically grown leafy vegetables. 16S rRNA metagenomic profiling of the leaves was done, and data were analyzed. It was found that by adding composts, the OTU of the microbiome in the organic produce was higher than in the conventional produce. The beneficial genera identified across the samples included plant growth promoters (Achromobacter, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium) and probiotics (Lactobacillus), which were higher in the organic produce. Some pathogenic genera, viz., plant pathogenic bacteria (Cellvibrio, Georgenia) and human pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Streptomyces) were also found but with relatively low counts in the organic produce. Thus, the present study highlights that organic produce has lesser pathogen contamination than the conventional produce. KEY POINTS: • 16S rRNA metagenomics profiling done for organic red amaranth cultivar • Microbial richness varied with respect to the soil and compost type used • The ratio of beneficial to pathogenic genera improves with the addition of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sophayo Mahongnao
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arif Ahamad
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anita Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sarita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, 4, Patel Marg, Maurice Nagar, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Ponnusamy J, Santhy Poongavanam LK, Ettiyagounder P, Murugesan M, Ramanujam K, Rangasamy S, Mariappan S, Shanmugam KP. Impact of regenerative farming practices on soil quality and yield of cotton-sorghum system in semi arid Indian conditions. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:462. [PMID: 38642132 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative agricultural practices, i.e. organic and natural farming, are rooted in India since ancient times. However, the high cost of production, lack of organic pest control measures and premium price of organic produces in chemical agriculture encourage natural farming. In the present study, the quality improvement of calcareous soils under organic (OGF) and natural (NTF) management was compared with integrated conventional (ICF) and non-invasive (NIF) farming practices with cotton-sorghum crops over three consecutive years. A total of 23 soil attributes were analyzed at the end of the third cropping cycle and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to select a minimum data set (MDS) and obtain a soil quality index (SQI). The attributes soil organic carbon (SOC), available Fe, pH, bulk density (BD) and alkaline phosphatase (APA) were selected as indicators based on correlations and expert opinions on the lime content of the experimental soil. The SQI was improved in the order of OGF (0.89) > NTF(0.69) > ICF(0.48) > NIF(0.05). The contribution of the indicators to SQI was in the order of available Fe (17-44%) > SOC (21-28%), APA (11-36%) > pH (0-22%), and BD (0-20%) regardless of the farming practices. These indicators contribute equally to soil quality under natural (17-22%) and organic (18-22%) farming. The benefit:cost ratio was calculated to show the advantage of natural farming and was in the order of NTF(1.95-2.29), ICF (1.34-1.47), OGF (1.13-1.20) and NIF (0.84-1.47). In overall, the natural farming significantly sustained the soil quality and cost benefit compared to integrated conventional farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ponnusamy
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India.
| | - Lalid Kumar Santhy Poongavanam
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
| | - Parameswari Ettiyagounder
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
| | - Monicaa Murugesan
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
| | - Krishnan Ramanujam
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
| | - Sunitha Rangasamy
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
| | - Suganthy Mariappan
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
| | - Kavitha P Shanmugam
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, 641003, India
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Meena SN, Sharma SK, Singh P, Meena BP, Ram A, Meena RL, Singh D, Meena RB, Nogiya M, Jain D, Kumar K. Comparative analysis of soil quality and enzymatic activities under different tillage based nutrient management practices in soybean-wheat cropping sequence in Vertisols. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6840. [PMID: 38514633 PMCID: PMC10958008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the modern era, intensive agricultural practices such as agrochemicals are applied in excessive amounts to enhance agricultural production. However, imbalanced adoption of these chemicals has arisen in the dwindling of agriculture factor productivity and soil quality. To maintain soil fertility and production, these chemical fertilizers must be supplemented with organic inputs. Keeping this in the backdrop, a research trail was established during 2018-19 and 2019-20 years at Research Farm of Agriculture University, Kota, India. The treatment setup was comprised of 5 treatment modules viz., conservation tillage + organic management (CAOM), conservation tillage + chemical management (CACM), conventional tillage + chemical management (CTCM), conventional tillage + organic management (CTOM) and the package of practices (PoPs) with four replications. Results indicated that the highest organic carbon (0.68%), bacterial (29.11 × 107 cfu g-1), fungal (4.77 × 104 cfu g-1), actinomycetes populations (5.67 × 104 cfu g-1), acid phosphatase (44.1 µg g-1 h-1), urease (45.3 µg g-1 h-1) and dehydrogenase (23.3 µg triphenylformazan [TPF] g-1 h-1) activity in soil were found in the treatment of conservation organic system during both the years of study at each soil depth. In contrast to other parameters, the highest system productivity was observed with conservation chemical crop management approaches, with a soybean equivalent yield of 4615 kg ha-1 in a soybean-wheat system of production. Furthermore, the soil quality index (SQI) significantly varied from the lowest score (0.30) at 45-60 cm layer of soil in the package of practices to the highest score (0.92) at 0-15 cm layer of soil with regards to the conservation organic which shows, 206.67 percent enhancement through the soil profile of various crop management practices. The SQI variation from 0-15 to 45-60 cm soil depth was 130.0, 81.08, 60.0, 175.0 and 83.33 percent, respectively, for CAOM, CACM, CTCM, CTOM and PoPs. Amongst, different systems, the highest mean performance was noticed under the conservation organic systems for physical and biological properties. Hence, in line with the salient outcome, we may propose that the conservation chemical system needs to be followed to improve crop productivity, whereas, conservation organic seems a good option for soil health with long-term viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pratap Singh
- Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, 324001, India
| | | | - Asha Ram
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Roshan Lal Meena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ram Bhawan Meena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282 006, India
| | - Mahaveer Nogiya
- ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Devendra Jain
- Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313004, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, 313004, India
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Junges CH, Guerra CC, Gomes AA, Ferrão MF. Multiblock data applied in organic grape juice authentication by one-class classification OC-PLS. Food Chem 2024; 436:137695. [PMID: 37857206 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy has been developed to enhance the assessment of the authenticity of whole grape juice within the organic class. This approach is based on the analysis of data from different analytical sources. The novel method employs a multiblock regression technique, specifically the one-class partial least squares (OC-PLS) classifier, to establish a relationship between each predictor block and the response variable. Sequential calculations are performed after orthogonalization with respect to the preceding regression scores. The proposed method has demonstrated effectiveness in detecting targeted samples. The results achieved of the best models for the test set had rates of up to 100 % sensitivity, 89 % specificity, and 83 % accuracy. To compare with the multiblock models, the DD-SIMCA method was employed, but it yielded inferior results when applied to visible data. The multiblock approach proved to be efficient in evaluating from different datasets of varied sources to classification of organic grape juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Junges
- Laboratório de Quimiometria e Instrumentação Analítica (LAQIA), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Celito C Guerra
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas (LACEM), Unidade Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Rua Livramento, 515, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 95701-008, Brazil
| | - Adriano A Gomes
- Laboratório de Quimiometria e Instrumentação Analítica (LAQIA), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marco F Ferrão
- Laboratório de Quimiometria e Instrumentação Analítica (LAQIA), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), CEP 91501-970, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Bioanalítica (INCT-Bioanalítica), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, s/n, Campinas, São Paulo (SP), CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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Furusawa M, Widgren S, Evers EG, Fischer EAJ. Quantifying health risks from ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch broiler production chains and potential interventions using compartmental models. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106121. [PMID: 38271921 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in animals are considered a human health threat, because this type of bacteria can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant genes and act as a continuous threat of the emergence of new resistant bacteria, in addition to the direct effect of making infection untreatable. Although the prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria in broilers was drastically reduced in the Netherlands, chicken meat still has the highest prevalence among meat products. Therefore, further control of the ESBL-producing E. coli in the broiler production chain is important to reduce public health risks. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention scenarios to reduce the transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli in the broiler production chain and to quantitatively estimate the risk to public health. In this study, we developed two different types of transmission models that described the observed time-related decline in prevalence during a production round: one with time-dependent decline in susceptibility and one with partial immunity to phylogenetic groups. Both models incorporated the environmental contamination effect between production rounds and within flocks. The parameter values, including transmission rate and recovery rate, were estimated by Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method using data from a longitudinal study in a Dutch organic broiler farm. We applied the models to the three production stages in the broiler production chain, beginning from the Parent Stock (PS) farms, the hatcheries, and to the broiler farms. In our models, eggs were collected from different parent stock farms and transported to the hatchery and from there to a broiler farm.The size of a flock and the number of farms were adjusted to the Dutch situation. Both models were able to describe the observed dynamics within and between the production stages equally well, with estimated ESBL-producing E. coli prevalence of 8.98% and 11.47% in broilers at slaughter and 0.12% and 0.15% in humans due to chicken consumption. Both models indicated that improving farm management to eliminate the bacteria from the environment was the most effective intervention, making this outcome robust. Although chicken meat consumption is not a major risk factor for human carriage of the bacteria according to our models, reducing the bacteria in the PS and broiler farm environment to at least one percent can further decrease the prevalence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Furusawa
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan
| | - Stefan Widgren
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Sweden
| | - Eric G Evers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Egil A J Fischer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
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6
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Takola E, Bonfanti J, Seppelt R, Beckmann M. An open-access global database of meta-analyses investigating yield and biodiversity responses to different management practices. Data Brief 2023; 51:109696. [PMID: 37965610 PMCID: PMC10641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We here present a database of evidence on the impact of agricultural management practices on biodiversity and yield. This database is the result of a systematic literature review, that aimed to identify meta-analyses that use as their response variables any measure of biodiversity and yield. After screening more than 1,086 titles and abstracts, we identified 33 relevant meta-analyses, from which we extracted the overall estimates, the subgroup estimates as well as all information related to them (effect size metric, taxonomic group, crop type etc.). We also extracted information relative to the empirical studies used for each meta-analysis and recorded the countries in which they took place and assessed the quality of each meta-analysis. Our dataset is publicly accessible and can be used for conducting second-order meta-analyses on the effect of management measures on species richness, taxon abundance, biomass and yields. It can also be used to create evidence maps on agriculture-related questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Takola
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bonfanti
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
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Pappoe JA, Mongson O, Amuah CLY, Opoku-Ansah J, Adueming POW, Boateng R, Eghan MJ, Sackey SS, Anyidoho EK, Huzortey AA, Anderson B, Vowotor MK, Teye E. Classification of Organic and Conventional Cocoa Beans Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Techniques. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03499-3. [PMID: 37971609 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The craving for organic cocoa beans has resulted in fraudulent practices such as mislabeling, adulteration, all known as food fraud, prompting the international cocoa market to call for the authenticity of organic cocoa beans before export. In this study, we proposed robust models using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and chemometric techniques for rapid classification of cocoa beans as either organic or conventional. The LIF measurements were conducted on cocoa beans harvested from organic and conventional farms. From the results, conventional cocoa beans exhibited a higher fluorescence intensity compared to organic ones. In addition, a general peak wavelength shift was observed when the cocoa beans were excited using a 445 nm laser source. These results highlight distinct characteristics that can be used to differentiate between organic and conventional cocoa beans. Identical compounds were found in the fluorescence spectra of both the organic and conventional ones. With preprocessed fluorescence spectra data and utilizing principal component analysis, classification models such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network (NN) and Random Forest (RF) models were employed. LDA and NN models yielded 100.0% classification accuracy for both training and validation sets, while 99.0% classification accuracy was achieved in the training and validation sets using SVM and RF models. The results demonstrate that employing a combination of LIF and either LDA or NN can be a reliable and efficient technique to classify authentic cocoa beans as either organic or conventional. This technique can play a vital role in maintaining integrity and preventing fraudulent practices in the cocoa bean supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice Allotey Pappoe
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Space Environment, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Olivia Mongson
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Charles Lloyd Yeboah Amuah
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Jerry Opoku-Ansah
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Peter Osei-Wusu Adueming
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Rabbi Boateng
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Moses Jojo Eghan
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Sonko Sackey
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Andrew Atiogbe Huzortey
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Anderson
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Kwame Vowotor
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Teye
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Punchihewage-Don AJ, Hasan NA, Rashed SM, Parveen S. Microbiome Analysis of Organic and Conventional Chickens Processed Using Whole Carcass Enrichment and Rinse Methods. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100176. [PMID: 37805044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the chicken microbiome is important to establish control measures for pathogens to protect consumers. This study aimed at evaluating the comparative efficiency of human pathogen detection through 16S rRNA sequencing of organic and conventional chickens processed using whole carcass enrichment (WCE) and rinse (WCR) methods. Organic and conventional whole broiler carcasses (n = 31) were vigorously shaken with 500 mL buffered peptone water (BPW). For the rinse method, a 30 mL aliquot was mixed with 30 mL of BPW. The rest of the sample, including the carcass, was used for the enrichment method. All samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The samples were divided into five groups [Negative Control: only BPW without chicken (n = 5), Organic-Rinsed (n = 7), -Enriched (n = 8), Conventional-Rinsed (n = 7), and -Enriched (n = 9)]. Fifty milliliters of each sample were subjected to DNA extraction followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominated the microbiota of both conventional and organic chickens, followed by low abundances of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacterium. While the abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes remained unchanged in organic chicken irrespective of the methods used, a noticeable shift in the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes ratio (59%:39% in rinsed to 38%:60% in enriched) was observed in conventional chicken. Furthermore, the choice of method did not yield any differences in Abundance-Based Coverage Estimator, and Jackknife, among conventional and organic chickens but resulted in a statistically significant difference in the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and phylogenetic diversity indices (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Salmonella and Campylobacter was less than 0.1%. The results suggested the WCE method provides a broad range of information on the chicken microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salina Parveen
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
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9
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Zheng SY, Fang MX, Ma QF, Li XD, Chen LL. [Determination of 14 volatile organic compounds in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2023; 41:850-854. [PMID: 37935553 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20220711-00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a automatic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) method for the determination of 14 volatile organic compounds in urine. Methods: In September 2022, 10 ml urine sample was taken into a 20 ml headspace bottle, balanced for 30 min at 65 ℃, and then detected by HS/GC-MS and quantified by external standard method. Results: The 14 volatile organic compounds showed good linearity at 0.2-8.0 μg/L and 0.1-4.0 μg/L, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9956-0.9999. The recoveries were 79.8%-113.1% with relative standard deviations 0.05%-0.27% when three different concentration levels were added. Detection limit was 0.03-0.05 μg/L. Conclusion: The method is simple and convenient, and the recovery and precision meet the requirements. It can be used for the determination of common volatile organic compounds in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Zheng
- Physical and Chemical Institute of Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - M X Fang
- Physical and Chemical Institute of Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Q F Ma
- Physical and Chemical Institute of Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - X D Li
- Physical and Chemical Institute of Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - L L Chen
- Physical and Chemical Institute of Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Prache S, Vazeille K, Note P, Prunier A. Combining sheep and beef cattle in a pasture-based system minorly influenced muscle and fat colour and dorsal fat firmness but increased fat skatole content in lambs. Animal 2023; 17:100979. [PMID: 37757526 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent long-term system-level experiment, using grassland-based organic systems established as separate farmlets, showed that combining sheep and beef cattle within a mixed (MIX) system promoted self-sufficient production of grass-fed meat and improved economic and environmental performance in the sheep enterprise compared to a sheep-only (SH) system. In the present study, we used all male lambs produced over the first year in this experiment to evaluate the effect of this farming practice on some lamb carcass and meat sensory quality traits. Lambing took place at the end of February and lambs were pasture-fed from 1 month of age on average until slaughter, unless they were not ready for slaughter at 3-4 weeks before the start of the mating period in October, in which case they were finished indoors on a concentrate-based diet. All MIX lambs (n = 33) were finished at pasture. One SH lamb (out of a total of 85) had to be finished indoors with a concentrate-based diet. MIX lambs had a higher growth rate than SH lambs (P < 0.001), resulting in a lower lamb age at slaughter in MIX than in SH (150 vs 173 days, P < 0.001). Carcass weight and degree of fatness, kidney fat weight and dorsal fat thickness did not differ between systems. Kidney fat skatole concentration was higher in MIX than in SH (median value reaching 0.15 µg/g liquid fat and 0.11 µg/g liquid fat in MIX and SH, respectively, P < 0.05). This was most likely due to MIX lambs being slaughtered at a younger age and therefore eating younger grass. There were minor differences between MIX and SH lambs in dorsal fat firmness and in colour coordinates of longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. We conclude that while combining sheep and beef cattle within a mixed system offers advantages in terms of self-sufficient production of grass-fed meat and system economic and environmental performance, it could come at a cost to lamb flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Prache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Karine Vazeille
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, HERBIPOLE, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Priscilla Note
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, HERBIPOLE, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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11
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Wittwer AE, Lee SG, Ranadheera CS. Potential associations between organic dairy products, gut microbiome, and gut health: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113195. [PMID: 37689944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic products have received longstanding, widespread attention for their nutritional and ecological benefits, as they are said to have certain positive health attributes and contain fewer harmful compounds than conventional (or non-organic) products. We reviewed the recent literature to examine potential associations between nutrient composition, gut microbiota, and gut health effects in recent comparative studies of organic and conventional dairy products. Trends of increased ratios of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated to saturated fat, increased fat-soluble vitamin content, and decreased levels of certain pernicious contaminants in organic milk were observed across the studies reviewed. Studies of the metabolism of these nutrients in both in vitro and in vivo settings, and their or their metabolites' interaction with the intestinal epithelium show that nutrients enriched in organic dairy products may support host nutrient uptake and mediate gut inflammation. Research on the effects of single food products or classes of food products on gut health is rare. The extent of these benefits is highly likely to be mediated by both the magnitude of the difference in nutrient types and quantities, and by dietary intake levels of dairy products. Intervention studies directly examining the different effects of organic and conventional dairy products on gut health in humans are needed to further elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Elizabeth Wittwer
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Simon Gardner Lee
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Qiu Y, Li Z, Zhang T, Zhang P. Predicting aqueous sorption of organic pollutants on microplastics with machine learning. Water Res 2023; 244:120503. [PMID: 37639990 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitously distributed in freshwater systems and they can determine the environmental fate of organic pollutants (OPs) via sorption interaction. However, the diverse physicochemical properties of MPs and the wide range of OP species make a deeper understanding of sorption mechanisms challenging. Traditional isotherm-based sorption models are limited in their universality since they normally only consider the nature and characteristics of either sorbents or sorbates individually. Therefore, only specific equilibrium concentrations or specific sorption isotherms can be used to predict sorption. To systematically evaluate and predict OP sorption under the influence of both MPs and OPs properties, we collected 475 sorption data from peer-reviewed publications and developed a poly-parameter-linear-free-energy-relationship-embedded machine learning method to analyze the collected sorption datasets. Models of different algorithms were compared, and the genetic algorithm and support vector machine hybrid model displayed the best prediction performance (R2 of 0.93 and root-mean-square-error of 0.07). Finally, comparison results of three feature importance analysis tools (forward step wise method, Shapley method, and global sensitivity analysis) showed that chemical properties of MPs, excess molar refraction, and hydrogen-bonding interaction of OPs contribute the most to sorption, reflecting the dominant sorption mechanisms of hydrophobic partitioning, hydrogen bond formation, and π-π interaction, respectively. This study presents a novel sorbate-sorbent-based ML model with a wide applicability to expand our capacity in understanding the complicated process and mechanism of OP sorption on MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Zhejun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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Wu BX, Wu Z, Hou YY, Fang ZX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Application of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in anti-cancer therapy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20475. [PMID: 37800075 PMCID: PMC10550518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a novel technology that enables the creation of 3D structures with bioinks, the biomaterials containing living cells. 3D bioprinted structures can mimic human tissue at different levels of complexity from cells to organs. Currently, 3D bioprinting is a promising method in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications, as well as in anti-cancer therapy research. Cancer, a type of complex and multifaceted disease, presents significant challenges regarding diagnosis, treatment, and drug development. 3D bioprinted models of cancer have been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis, the development of cancers, and the responses to treatment. Conventional 2D cancer models have limitations in predicting human clinical outcomes and drug responses, while 3D bioprinting offers an innovative technique for creating 3D tissue structures that closely mimic the natural characteristics of cancers in terms of morphology, composition, structure, and function. By precise manipulation of the spatial arrangement of different cell types, extracellular matrix components, and vascular networks, 3D bioprinting facilitates the development of cancer models that are more accurate and representative, emulating intricate interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Moreover, the technology of 3D bioprinting enables the creation of personalized cancer models using patient-derived cells and biomarkers, thereby advancing the fields of precision medicine and immunotherapy. The integration of 3D cell models with 3D bioprinting technology holds the potential to revolutionize cancer research, offering extensive flexibility, precision, and adaptability in crafting customized 3D structures with desired attributes and functionalities. In conclusion, 3D bioprinting exhibits significant potential in cancer research, providing opportunities for identifying therapeutic targets, reducing reliance on animal experiments, and potentially lowering the overall cost of cancer treatment. Further investigation and development are necessary to address challenges such as cell viability, printing resolution, material characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. With ongoing progress, 3D bioprinting can significantly impact the field of cancer research and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Ghimire S, Dhami D, Shrestha A, Budhathoki J, Maharjan M, Kandel S, Poudel Chhetri B. Effectiveness of different combinations of urea and vermicompost on yield of bitter gourd ( Momordicacharantia). Heliyon 2023; 9:e18663. [PMID: 37554831 PMCID: PMC10404992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exclusive use of organic manure in bitter gourd cultivation slows nutrient release, affecting root growth, while inefficient application of fertilizers during transplanting and development stages leads to nutrient losses and increased production costs. The research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different combinations of urea and vermicompost in bitter gourd production and address the challenges associated with the use of only organic manure. The field experiment conducted in Tulsipur, Dang, utilized a six-treatment randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of varying proportions of the recommended dose of urea (16 g plant-1) and vermicompost (280 g plant-1). Among the treatments, T3 (50% urea and 50% vermicompost) exhibited the most prevalent diameter (3.854 cm), length (16.32 cm), fruit count (1.391), weight plant-1 (189.2 g), and weight plot-1 (1848 g) while T4 (25% urea and 75% vermicompost) showed the quickest first flowering (30.37 days) and fruiting (33.75 days). T2 (75% urea and 25% vermicompost) recorded the highest vine length (222.5 cm). Statistically significant differences were observed in most recorded characteristics for T3. The results highlight the slow-release nutrient benefits and soil improvement properties of vermicompost, complemented by the quick-release nutrient attributes of urea. The traits with the lowest yield were observed in the control group (T6). A 50% combination of recommended urea dose and vermicompost is recommended for bitter gourd cultivation, leading to improved growth, yield, and quality, underscoring the benefits of organic fertilizer in this situation. The study's findings contribute to the scientific understanding of optimizing fertilization practices in bitter gourd production, minimizing production costs, reducing nutrient losses, and environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Ghimire
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Dhirendra Dhami
- Campus of Live Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Dang, Nepal
| | - Asia Shrestha
- Campus of Live Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Dang, Nepal
| | - Jelisha Budhathoki
- Campus of Live Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Dang, Nepal
| | - Majit Maharjan
- Campus of Live Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Dang, Nepal
| | - Sunil Kandel
- Campus of Live Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Dang, Nepal
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Paudel D, Wang L, Poudel R, Acharya JP, Victores S, de Souza CHL, Rios E, Wang J. Elucidating the effects of organic vs. conventional cropping practice and rhizobia inoculation on rhizosphere microbial diversity and yield of peanut. Environ Microbiome 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37464442 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Legumes such as peanut (Arachis hypogea) can fulfill most of their nitrogen requirement by symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia. Nutrient availability is largely determined by microbial diversity and activity in the rhizosphere that influences plant health, nutrition, and crop yield, as well as soil quality and soil fertility. However, our understanding of the complex effects of microbial diversity and rhizobia inoculation on crop yields of different peanut cultivars under organic versus conventional farming systems is extremely limited. In this research, we studied the impacts of conventional vs. organic cultivation practices and inoculation with commercial vs. single strain inoculum on peanut yield and soil microbial diversity of five peanut cultivars. The experiment was set up in the field following a split-split-plot design. Our results from the 16 S microbiome sequencing showed considerable variations of microbial composition between the cultivation types and inoculum, indicating a preferential association of microbes to peanut roots with various inoculum and cropping system. Alpha diversity indices (chao1, Shannon diversity, and Simpson index) of soil microbiome were generally higher in plots with organic than conventional inorganic practices. The cultivation type and inoculum explained significant differences among bacterial communities. Taxonomic classification revealed two phyla, TM6 and Firmicutes were significantly represented in inorganic as compared to organic soil, where significant phyla were Armatimonadetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and WS3. Yields in the organic cultivation system decreased by 10-93% of the yields in the inorganic cultivation system. Cultivar G06 and T511 consistently showed relative high yields in both organic and inorganic trials. Our results show significant two-way interactions between cultivation type and genotype for most of the trait data collected. Therefore, it is critical for farmers to choose varieties based on their cultivation practices. Our results showed that bacterial structure was more uniform in organic fields and microbial diversity in legumes was reduced in inorganic fields. This research provided guides for farmers and scientists to improve peanut yield while promoting microbial diversity and increasing sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Paudel
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ravin Poudel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janam P Acharya
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Esteban Rios
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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16
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Liu H, Lu Z, Zhang W, Zhou H, Xia Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Chen R, Xia H, Wang HL. Synergistic Optimization of Buried Interface by Multifunctional Organic-Inorganic Complexes for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Nanomicro Lett 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 37337117 PMCID: PMC10279600 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial. However, it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic-inorganic (OI) complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction, as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite. The OI complex with BF4- group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO2 surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO2 and perovskite, providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction. Moreover, OI complex with amine (- NH2) functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2, resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density. Consequently, with rational molecular design, the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4- and -NH2 functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%. More importantly, the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability, maintaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage, and excellent light stability of 91.5% remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement (under continuous 100 mW cm-2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere) after 500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Shi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani K, Tohidfar M, Ghanbari Moheb Seraj R, Khaleghdoust B, Keres I, Marawne H, Loit E. Transcriptome profiling of barley in response to mineral and organic fertilizers. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 37193945 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is very important for crop yield and quality. Crop producers face the challenge of reducing the use of mineral nitrogen while maintaining food security and other ecosystem services. The first step towards understanding the metabolic responses that could be used to improve nitrogen use efficiency is to identify the genes that are up- or downregulated under treatment with different forms and rates of nitrogen. We conducted a transcriptome analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Anni grown in a field experiment in 2019. The objective was to compare the effects of organic (cattle manure) and mineral nitrogen (NH4NO3; 0, 40, 80 kg N ha-1) fertilizers on gene activity at anthesis (BBCH60) and to associate the genes that were differentially expressed between treatment groups with metabolic pathways and biological functions. RESULTS The highest number of differentially expressed genes (8071) was found for the treatment with the highest mineral nitrogen rate. This number was 2.6 times higher than that for the group treated with a low nitrogen rate. The lowest number (500) was for the manure treatment group. Upregulated pathways in the mineral fertilizer treatment groups included biosynthesis of amino acids and ribosomal pathways. Downregulated pathways included starch and sucrose metabolism when mineral nitrogen was supplied at lower rates and carotenoid biosynthesis and phosphatidylinositol signaling at higher mineral nitrogen rates. The organic treatment group had the highest number of downregulated genes, with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis being the most significantly enriched pathway for these genes. Genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were enriched in the organic treatment group compared with the control treatment group receiving no nitrogen input. CONCLUSION These findings indicate stronger responses of genes to mineral fertilizers, probably because the slow and gradual decomposition of organic fertilizers means that less nitrogen is provided. These data contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of barley growth under field conditions. Identification of pathways affected by different nitrogen rates and forms under field conditions could help in the development of more sustainable cropping practices and guide breeders to create varieties with low nitrogen input requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele Ghanbari Moheb Seraj
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Khaleghdoust
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Keres
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hashem Marawne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Evelin Loit
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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Nguyen Tien H, Mwazighe F. Preparation of Ti/SnO 2-Sb/La-βPbO 2 electrode and its application in the degradation of some pollutants including prednisolone and 8-Hydroxyquinoline. Chemosphere 2023; 333:138933. [PMID: 37187380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel La-doped βPbO2 (Ti/SnO2-Sb/La-βPbO2) was prepared using electrodeposition method and applied to the degradation of prednisolone (PRD), 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), and other typical organic pollutants. Compared with the conventional electrode Ti/SnO2-Sb/βPbO2, La2O3 doping enhanced oxygen evolution potential (OEP), reactive surface area, stability and repeatability of the electrode. The 10 g L-1 of La2O3 doping exhibited the highest electrochemical oxidation capability of the electrode with [•OH]ss being determined at 5.6 × 10-13 M. The quenching experiments were conducted to confirm the main oxidizing species (here: •OH) in the electrochemical process. The study showed that the pollutants were removed in the electrochemical (EC) process with different degradation rates and indicated that the second-order rate constant of organic pollutants towards •OH (kOP,•OH) has a linear relationship with the degradation rate of organic pollutants (kOP) in the electrochemical process. Another new finding in this work is that a regression line of kOP,•OH and kOP can be used to estimate kOP,•OH of an organic chemical, which cannot be determined using the competition method. kPRD,•OH and k8-HQ,•OH were determined to be 7.4 × 109 M-1 s-1 and (4.6-5.5) × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. Compared with conventional supporting electrolyte (like SO42-), H2PO4- and HPO42- improved kPRD and k8-HQ by 1.3-1.6-fold, while SO32- and HCO3- inhibited kPRD and k8-HQ significantly, down to 80%. Additionally, the degradation pathway of 8-HQ was proposed based on the detection of intermediates from GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nguyen Tien
- The University of Da Nang, University of Science and Education, 459 Ton Duc Thang st., Lien Chieu, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; The University of Da Nang, Environmental Protection and Research Center, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang st., Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Fredrick Mwazighe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Newton EE, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Beauclercq S, Clarke J, Desnica N, Stergiadis S. Variation in macrominerals and trace elements in cows' retail milk and implications for consumers nutrition. Food Chem 2023; 418:135809. [PMID: 36963140 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on previous farm-level studies, this study hypothesised that production system (conventional, CON; organic, ORG; channel island, CHA) and season would cause variation in the concentrations of macrominerals and trace elements in retail milk. On average, milk retained its status as an excellent source of Ca, P, I, and Mo across different demographics, and a very good source of K, Mg, and Zn for children. Compared with CON and ORG, CHA milk contained higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Mn, and Zn; and lower concentrations of K and I. Macrominerals did not show a clear seasonal pattern but trace elements were all at lower concentrations during the typical grazing season. Variation in mineral concentrations can have implications to Ca and P supply in children, and I and Zn supply across different consumer demographics; while the seasonal variation was more pronounced than that associated with production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Newton
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephane Beauclercq
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - James Clarke
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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20
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Khizar S, Alrushaid N, Alam Khan F, Zine N, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Errachid A, Elaissari A. Nanocarriers based novel and effective drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122570. [PMID: 36587775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has ultimately come into the domain of drug delivery. Nanosystems for delivery of drugs are promptly emerging science utilizing different nanoparticles as carriers. Biocompatible and stable nanocarriers are novel diagnosis tools or therapy agents for explicitly targeting locates with controllable way. Nanocarriers propose numerous advantages to treat diseases via site-specific as well as targeted delivery of particular therapeutics. In recent times, there are number of outstanding nanocarriers use to deliver bio-, chemo-, or immuno- therapeutic agents to obtain effectual therapeutic reactions and to minimalize unwanted adverse-effects. Nanoparticles possess remarkable potential for active drug delivery. Moreover, conjugation of drugs with nanocarriers protects drugs from metabolic or chemical modifications, through their way to targeted cells and hence increased their bioavailability. In this review, various systems integrated with different types of nanocarriers (inorganic. organic, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes) having different compositions, physical and chemical properties have been discussed for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Khizar
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France
| | - Noor Alrushaid
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Zine
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France
| | | | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France.
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21
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Abdur Rahman M, Haque S, Athikesavan MM, Kamaludeen MB. A review of environmental friendly green composites: production methods, current progresses, and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:16905-16929. [PMID: 36607568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing concern about environmental damage and the inability to meet the demand for more versatile, environmentally friendly materials has sparked increasing interest in polymer composites derived from renewable and biodegradable plant-based materials, mainly from forests. These composites are mostly referred to as "green" and they can be widely employed in many industrial applications. Green composites are less harmful to the environment and could be potential substitutes for petroleum-based polymeric materials. It is helpful to limit usage of fossil oil assets by developing biopolymer matrices such as cellulose-reinforced biocomposites using renewable assets such as plant oils, carbohydrates, and proteins. This paper focuses on green composites processing utilizing a variety of naturally available resources, sustainable materials which are not detrimental to the environment, new scientific signs of progress in achieving green sustainable development, as well as nanotechnology and its environmental consequences. Additionally, the environmental impacts of different composite materials are examined in this paper, along with their production from eco-friendly materials. Moreover, the manufacturing aspects of green composites and some concerns related to their production are also discussed. The merits of green composite materials and valid reasons why they are a valuable substitute for the traditionally used composite materials are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Serajul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Manokar Athikesavan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Bak Kamaludeen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Zhang G, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Fang J, Zhao C, Wei Y, Li W. Co-La-Based Hole-Transporting Layers for Binary Organic Solar Cells with 18.82 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216304. [PMID: 36448962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a widely used hole transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), but its acidity severely reduces the stability of devices. Until now, very few HTLs were developed to replace PEDOT:PSS toward stable and high-performance OSCs. Herein, a new cobalt-lanthanum (Co-La) inorganic system was reported as HTL to show a high conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.82 %, which is among the top PCEs in binary OSCs. Since electron-rich outer shell of La atom can interact with Co atom to form charge transfer complex, the work function and conductivity of the Co-La system could be simultaneously enhanced compared to Co or La-based HTLs. This Co-La system could also be applied into other OSCs to show high performance. All these results demonstrate that binary Co-La systems as HTL can efficiently tackle the issue in hole transporting and show powerful application in OSCs to replace PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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23
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Duan J, Zhu G, Lan L, Chen J, Zhu X, Chen C, Yu Y, Liao H, Li Z, McCulloch I, Yue W. Electron-Deficient Polycyclic Molecules via Ring Fusion for n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213737. [PMID: 36349830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary challenge for n-type small-molecule organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is to improve their electron mobilities and thus the key figure of merit μC*. Nevertheless, few reports in OECTs have specially proposed to address this issue. Herein, we report a 10-ring-fused polycyclic π-system consisting of the core of naphthalene bis-isatin dimer and the terminal moieties of rhodanine, which features intramolecular noncovalent interactions, high π-delocalization and strong electron-deficient characteristics. We find that this extended π-conjugated system using the ring fusion strategy displays improved electron mobilities up to 0.043 cm2 V-1 s-1 compared to our previously reported small molecule gNR, and thereby leads to a remarkable μC* of 10.3 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 in n-type OECTs, which is the highest value reported to date for small-molecule OECTs. This work highlights the importance of π-conjugation extension in polycyclic-fused molecules for enhancing the performance of n-type small-molecule OECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Genming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liuyuan Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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24
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Svensson J. Artificial intelligence is an oxymoron: The importance of an organic body when facing unknown situations as they unfold in the present moment. AI Soc 2023; 38:363-372. [PMID: 34754144 PMCID: PMC8570064 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-021-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Departing from popular imaginations around artificial intelligence (AI), this article engages in the I in the AI acronym but from perspectives outside of mathematics, computer science and machine learning. When intelligence is attended to here, it most often refers to narrow calculating tasks. This connotation to calculation provides AI an image of scientificity and objectivity, particularly attractive in societies with a pervasive desire for numbers. However, as is increasingly apparent today, when employed in more general areas of our messy socio-cultural realities, AI- powered automated systems often fail or have unintended consequences. This article will contribute to this critique of AI by attending to Nicholas of Cusa and his treatment of intelligence. According to him, intelligence is equally dependent on an ability to handle the unknown as it unfolds in the present moment. This suggests that intelligence is organic which ties Cusa to more contemporary discussions in tech philosophy, neurology, evolutionary biology, and cognitive sciences in which it is argued that intelligence is dependent on having-and acting through-an organic body. Understanding intelligence as organic thus suggests an oxymoronic relationship to artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Svensson
- School of Arts & Communication, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Zhang G, Kersten M, Owen A, Skidmore A. Honey bee foraging and pesticide exposure in a desert urban agroecosystem. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114472. [PMID: 38321687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The negative impacts of industrial farming on honey bee health have been widely recognized regarding pesticide use and natural foraging habitat loss. An assessment of suitability of urban farms regarding honey bee health is necessary for sustainable development of agriculture and apiculture in urban settings. Urban farms that adopt organic farming practices with restrictions on synthetic pesticide use and conservation of natural habitat can potentially create an environment to mitigate these environmental stressors on honey bees. In this experiment, bee-collected pollen was taken from honey bee colonies that were located on five organically managed urban farms located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to evaluate pesticide exposure and forage use. We also explored the influence of hive equipment on honey bee health in a high desert climate. We found that honey bees on organic urban farms were not stressed by pesticides with limited pesticide types detected (2 out of 187), low residue levels (< 20 µg/kg) and low toxicity (either no, or low toxicity with LD50 at 1,450,300 µg/kg). Honey bees had access to diverse forage resources based on pollen barcoding data. When comparing hive equipment between 10-frame, 8-frame Langstroth and top bar hives, it was determined that 8-frame hives could significantly enhance honey bee health including colony survival and weight growth, comb construction and brood production. Our results suggest that organic urban farms are appropriate locations for securing honey bee health and food safety in a desert climate; while, the selection of hive equipment should be considered when mitigating environmental stress to colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Agricultural Science Center at Los Lunas, New Mexico State University, Los Lunas, New Mexico 87031, United States of America; Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States of America; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States of America.
| | - Miranda Kersten
- Agricultural Science Center at Los Lunas, New Mexico State University, Los Lunas, New Mexico 87031, United States of America
| | - Amy Owen
- Desert Hives LLC, Tijeras, New Mexico 87059, United States of America
| | - Amanda Skidmore
- Agricultural Science Center at Los Lunas, New Mexico State University, Los Lunas, New Mexico 87031, United States of America; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Morehead State University, Morehead, Kentucky 40351, United States of America
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26
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Kliem L. Strengthening agroecological resilience through commons-based seed governance in the Philippines. Environ Dev Sustain 2022; 26:1-33. [PMID: 36573090 PMCID: PMC9769472 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Filipino agricultural sector is exposed to multiple climatic, economic, and social risks that will likely intensify in the near future. Building agroecological resilience has been proposed to protect small-scale farmers' livelihoods and improve food security in the context of (unexpected) shocks and disruptions, and slow system changes such as climate change. This paper argues that commons-based seed production, based on collective management and ownership of seeds and varieties, can play a central role in building resilience capacities in smallholder communities. I explore this by applying an indicator-based framework to assess the contribution of the Filipino farmer network Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (MASIPAG) to agroecological resilience. I find that the networks' commons-based seed governance builds agroecological resilience in various ways. By equipping small-scale farmers with the tools to regain control over seed production and breeding, they become stewards of an actively evolving collection of varieties. The in situ maintenance and development of traditional, open-pollinated varieties and a network of diversified trial and backup farms build up buffering capacities and foster agrobiodiversity and local adaptation. A focus on regionally available natural resources reduces vulnerabilities to external factors. Adaptive capacities are strengthened through a high degree of flexibility and responsiveness achieved by self-organization and polycentric organizational structures. Broad participation, shared learning and spaces for experimentation support the development of farmers' capacities to respond to diverse challenges. Commons-based approaches to seed governance can thus strengthen agroecological resilience and long-term food security in smallholder agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Kliem
- Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Ecological Economy Research, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Mak PHW, Rehman MA, Kiarie EG, Topp E, Diarra MS. Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 36514172 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers' demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H W Mak
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Center, AAFC, London, ON, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.
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28
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Timpanaro G, Cascone G. Food consumption and the Covid-19 pandemic: The role of sustainability in purchasing choices. J Agric Food Res 2022; 10:100385. [PMID: 36158111 PMCID: PMC9482087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The paper addresses the consumption issue in the post-Covid-19 pandemic era, finding a possible interpretative model in the theory of planned behaviour. To this end, a sample was selected, and multivariate statistical analysis showed that the aspects of sustainability, health and well-living represent possible keys to understanding purchasing and consumption behaviour in the recovery and return to "normality". The mass media, the advice of experts, and the optimism of small things (from an emotional and social point of view) also have a correlated effect on the purchase of food, health and the environment, as well as production methods, origin and supply chain, packaging and ethical and social responsibility, in line with the much desired ecological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Timpanaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S.Sofia, 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulio Cascone
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Italy
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29
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Sivaprakash B, Rajamohan N, Singaramohan D, Ramkumar V, Elakiya BT. Techniques for remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants using metal organic framework - Review on toxicology, applications, and mechanism. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136417. [PMID: 36108760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of recalcitrant and xenobiotic pharmaceutical compounds in polluted waters have gained significant attention of the environmental scientists. Antibiotics are diffused into the environment widely owing to their high usages, very particularly in the last two years due to over consumption during covid 19 pandemic worldwide. Quinolones are very effective antibiotics, but do not get completely metabolized due to which they pose severe health hazards if discharged without proper treatment. The commonly reported treatment methods for quinolones are adsorption and advanced oxidation methods. In both the treatment methods, metal organic frameworks (MOF) have been proved to be promising materials used as stand-alone or combined technique. Many composite MOF materials synthesized from renewable, natural, and harmless materials by eco-friendly techniques have been reported to be effective in the treatment of quinolones. In the present article, special focus is given on the abatement of norfloxacin and ofloxacin contaminated wastewater using MOFs by adsorption, oxidation/ozonation, photocatalytic degradation, electro-fenton methods, etc. However, integration of adsorption with any advanced oxidation methods was found to be best remediation technique. Of various MOFs reported by several researchers, the MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H composite was able to give 99% removal of norfloxacin by adsorption. The MIL - 88A(Fe) composite and Fe LDH carbon felt cathode were reported to yield 100% degradation of ofloxacin by photo-Fenton and electro-fenton methods respectively. The synthesis methods and mechanism of action of MOFs towards the treatment of norfloxacin and ofloxacin as reported by several investigation reports are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Sivaprakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, 311, Oman.
| | | | - Vanaraj Ramkumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - B Tamil Elakiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
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30
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Mallick SP, Hussein FB, Husted S, Mayer BK. Adsorption of recalcitrant phosphorus compounds using the phosphate-selective binding-protein PstS. Chemosphere 2022; 304:135311. [PMID: 35709849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently available wastewater phosphorus (P) treatment technologies target removal of reactive forms of P. Selective adsorption of more recalcitrant soluble non-reactive phosphorus (sNRP) can improve P removal and recovery. A phosphate-selective phosphate-binding protein (PBP), PstS, was immobilized onto NHS-activated beads to assess the ability of this novel bioadsorbent to remove (adsorb) and subsequently recover (desorb) a range of sNRP compounds. Four sNRP compounds representative of wastewater sNRP were selected for use in this study: phytic acid (PA), sodium triphosphate (TrP), beta-glycerol phosphate (BGP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP). Using PBP, adsorption of all sNRP compounds was thermodynamically favorable. The PBP had nearly equivalent binding affinity for PA compared to PBP's typical target, orthophosphate, although it had less affinity for the other sNRP compounds. Adsorption followed pseudo-second order reaction kinetics, with 95% of maximum adsorption occurring within 4 min. This was substantially faster sNRP adsorption compared to other adsorbents in the literature. Adsorption was modeled using the Langmuir isotherm, reflecting that one phosphate molecule attached to one PBP binding site. Notably, this selective 1:1 attachment resulted in higher total P removal for sNRP molecules with high P content. The binding site lost activity with increasing pH, and as such, highest desorption was achieved at pH 12, making the system amenable to sNRP removal as well as controlled recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia P Mallick
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Faten B Hussein
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Shayla Husted
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, 1428 W. Clybourn St., Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Brooke K Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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31
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Darabdhara J, Ahmaruzzaman M. Recent developments in MOF and MOF based composite as potential adsorbents for removal of aqueous environmental contaminants. Chemosphere 2022; 304:135261. [PMID: 35697109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of globalization which has been the primary cause of water pollution, it is utmost necessary for us living being to have access to clean water for the purpose of drinking, washing and various other useful applications. With the purpose of future security and to restore our ecological balance, it is essential to give much significance towards the removal of unwanted toxic contaminants from our water resources. In this regard adsorptive removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater with porous adsorbent is regarded as one of the most promising way for water decontamination process. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) comprising of uniformly arranged pores, abundant active sites and containing an easily tunable structure has aroused as a promising material for adsorbent to remove the unwanted contaminants from water sources. The adsorption of pollutants by the different MOFs surface are driven by various interactions including π-π, acid-base, electrostatic and H-bonding etc. On the other hand, the removal of various contaminants by MOFs is influenced by various factors including pH, temperature and initial concentration. In this review we will specifically discuss the adsorptive removal of different organic and inorganic pollutants present in our water systems with the use of MOFs as adsorbent along with the various factors and interaction mechanism manipulating the adsorption behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jnyanashree Darabdhara
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India
| | - Md Ahmaruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India.
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Saeed T, Majed N, Miah MJ, Yadav AK. A comparative landfill leachate treatment performance in normal and electrodes integrated hybrid constructed wetlands under unstable pollutant loadings. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155942. [PMID: 35580676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comparative pollutant removal performance assessment between organic or construction materials-based four hybrid wetland systems that received landfill leachate. The hybrid systems included vertical flow (VF) followed by horizontal flow (HF)-based unplanted and planted systems, and planted electrodes incorporated microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated hybrid wetlands systems. All the systems were run in free-draining mode. Overall mean chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) removal percentage of the hybrid systems ranged between 81 and 99%, 82 and 96%, 74 and 99%, respectively, under unstable input pollutant loading conditions. Additionally, up to 27% organic and up to 14% nitrogen removal improvement was observed in electrodes integrated free-draining VF wetlands. Free-draining and additional oxygen availability from atmospheric diffusion, rootzone improved the removal performance of MFC-based VF wetlands. Input load increment decreased organic, nutrient removals in second stage HF units due to saturated media. The chemical composition of the employed media supported biotic, abiotic organic, nutrient removal pathways. Nutrient accumulation percentage in plants tissue was very low, i.e., ≤3%. Bioenergy production across the MFC-based VF-HF wetlands decreased with input pollutant load increment. The single anode electrode-based VF wetland achieved maximum power density production, i.e., 294 mW/m2.. The electrodes integrated hybrid systems achieved comparatively stable removal performance despite input pollutant/hydraulic load variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Nehreen Majed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jihad Miah
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Asheesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Mostoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
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Dawood MAO, Alagawany M, Sewilam H. The Role of Zinc Microelement in Aquaculture: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3841-3853. [PMID: 34628590 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements are required in optimum regimes for improving the productivity and wellbeing of aquatic animals. Zinc is one of the main microelements involved in several functions in the animal's body. Zinc potentiates the metabolism function, synthesis of essential enzymes, and the formation of hormones associated with growth, reproduction, immunity, and antioxidative roles in aquatic animals. Several sources of zinc are regularly applied in aquaculture, including inorganic, organic, and nanoparticles. Many studies examined the effects of zinc supplementation in the diets of aquatic animals. The results indicated that zinc could be included in aquafeed in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of zinc depend on the dose, source, duration of feeding, animals' sizes, and experimental conditions. This article comprehensively discusses the results of relevant studies that investigated the effects of zinc on the performances of aquatic animals. The review also intended to update the academia with the previous and current status of using zinc in aquafeed. Furthermore, the article includes up-to-date outputs of relevant studies of using different zinc sources in aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Wang Q, Luo L, Huang N, Wang W, Rong Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Xu A, Xiong J, Wu Q, Hu H. Evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds during ultrapure water production process: A pilot-scale study. Sci Total Environ 2022; 830:154713. [PMID: 35337873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds in ultrapure water (UPW) production using a pilot-scale UPW production system and an ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis (UF-RO) system. During UPW production, a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency of 99.4% was achieved with a feedwater DOC level of 1.42 mg/L. The pretreatment, make-up, and polishing stages accounted for 85.3%, 13.7%, and 0.4% of DOC removal, respectively. Urea, trichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane persisted throughout UPW production process, contributing 24.7%, 9.2%, and 22.6%, respectively, to the final effluent DOC level of 8.1 μg/L. The pretreatment and make-up stages of the UPW production process could remove N-nitrosodimethylamine, chloral hydrate, dichloroacetonitrile, and tribromomethane. The UF-RO system could remove approximately 90% of DOC. However, the proportion of halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the DOC increased by 1.4-4.5 times in the RO effluents. RO could completely reject haloacetaldehydes. However, RO could not completely remove trichloromethane, tribromomethane, bromodichloromethane, and dibromoacetonitrile, which remained the main halogenated DBPs in the RO effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liwei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhou Rong
- China Electronics System Engineering NO. 2 Construction Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ao Xu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jianglei Xiong
- China Electronics System Engineering NO. 2 Construction Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China
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Taylor DE, Farias LM, Kahan LM, Talamo J, Surdoval A, McCoy ED, Daupan SM. Understanding the challenges faced by Michigan's family farmers: race/ethnicity and the impacts of a pandemic. Agric Human Values 2022; 39:1077-1096. [PMID: 35261437 PMCID: PMC8892408 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-022-10305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Michigan is a critical agricultural state, and small family farms are a crucial component of the state's food sector. This paper examines how the race/ethnicity of the family farm owners/operators is related to farm characteristics, financing, and impacts of the pandemic. It compares 75 farms owned/operated solely by Whites and 15 with People of Color owners/operators. The essay examines how farmers finance their farm operations and the challenges they face doing so. The article also explores how the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected farming operations, the financial viability of farms, and how farmers responded to the challenges posed by the pandemic. The study found that People of Color farm owners/operators were younger than White farm owners/operators. The People of Color farm owners/operators tended to manage smaller farms for shorter periods than White farm owners/operators. Though two-thirds of the Farmers of Color owned their farms, they were more financially vulnerable than White farm owners/operators. The farmers studied had difficulty obtaining loans to finance their farms. Farmers reported increasing requests from people for food assistance during the pandemic. Farmers responded to the pandemic by participating in government programs such as the Farm to Families Food Box Program that purchased their produce. It allowed farmers to supply emergency food assistance programs with products from their farms. The products went to families receiving food assistance from soup kitchens, food banks, and other community-based nonprofits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorceta E. Taylor
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | | | - Lia M. Kahan
- The College of Wooster, 1189 Beall Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Julia Talamo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Alison Surdoval
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, #100, Arlington, VA 22203 USA
| | - Ember D. McCoy
- School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Sun L, Wang Y, Ma D, Wang L, Zhang X, Ding Y, Fan K, Xu Z, Yuan C, Jia H, Ren Y, Ding Z. Differential responses of the rhizosphere microbiome structure and soil metabolites in tea (Camellia sinensis) upon application of cow manure. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:55. [PMID: 35164712 PMCID: PMC8842532 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil immediately surrounding the root, and it is a critical hotspot of microbial activity, strongly influencing the physiology and development of plants. For analyzing the relationship between the microbiome and metabolome in the rhizosphere of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, the bacterial composition and its correlation to soil metabolites were investigated under three different fertilization treatments (unfertilized, urea, cow manure) in different growing seasons (spring, early and late summer). Results The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated the rhizosphere of tea plants regardless of the sampling time. These indicated that the compositional shift was associated with different fertilizer/manure treatments as well as the sampling time. However, the relative abundance of these enriched bacteria varied under the three different fertilizer regimes. Most of the enriched metabolic pathways stimulated by different fertilizer application were all related to sugars, amino acids fatty acids and alkaloids metabolism. Organic acids and fatty acids were potential metabolites mediating the plant-bacteria interaction in the rhizosphere. Bacteria in the genera Proteiniphilum, Fermentimonas and Pseudomonas in spring, Saccharimonadales and Gaiellales in early summer, Acidobacteriales and Gaiellales in late summer regulated relative contents of organic and fatty acids. Conclusion This study documents the profound changes to the rhizosphere microbiome and bacterially derived metabolites under different fertilizer regimes and provides a conceptual framework towards improving the performance of tea plantations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02470-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dexin Ma
- College of Communication, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Communication, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiqian Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Changbo Yuan
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Houzhen Jia
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China. .,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Männer K, Lester H, Henriquez-Rodriguez E. Ferric citrate is a safe and digestible source of iron in broilers and piglets. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12636. [PMID: 35036138 PMCID: PMC8710060 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron (Fe) is traditionally supplemented in poultry and swine diets using inorganic forms (e.g. sulfates, oxides). However, research suggests that organic sources are more beneficial due to greater bioavailability. In this paper, we present results from four studies aimed at assessing ferric citrate (CI-FER™, Akeso Biomedical Inc., Burlington, MA, USA) as a safe and effective source of Fe for broilers and piglets. Methods A total of four studies were performed in Germany following standard farming practices for each species. One study in day-old broiler chicks and one study in weaned piglets were designed as target animal safety studies where animals were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: a negative control group, the proposed dose group and a multifold dose group. Broilers and pigs were fed the experimental diets for 35 and 42 days, respectively. In each study, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured, and blood samples were taken at study end for routine biochemistry and haematology. The other two studies were designed to evaluate different sources of dietary Fe for weaned piglets bred and managed under standard farm conditions. All piglets received routine Fe injections (200 mg Fe dextran, intramuscular) on day 3 of age, as well as the experimental diets for 42 days. In both studies, performance parameters were measured. In one study, Fe digestibility and serum Fe, superoxide dismutase and haptoglobin were also measured. In all studies, the general health status of the animals was monitored daily and all culls and mortality recorded. Each study followed a complete randomised block design. Results In broilers, ferric citrate was well tolerated up to 2,000 mg/kg feed (×10 the recommended inclusion rate) and no adverse effects on growth, blood parameters or mortality were observed. In piglets, ferric citrate was well tolerated up to 5,000 mg/kg feed (×10 the recommended inclusion rate) with no adverse effects on growth, blood parameters or mortality. In addition, piglets fed ferric citrate performed significantly better than animals fed the negative control diet (containing only endogenous Fe) and those fed inorganic forms of Fe. Moreover, piglets fed ferric citrate demonstrated improved Fe digestibility and improved oxidative status. Altogether, these findings show that ferric citrate is a safe and easily digestible source of dietary Fe for broilers and piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Männer
- Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Tierernährung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Lester
- Regulatory Affairs, Pen & Tec Consulting S.L.U., Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
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Williams KK, Ramirez S, Lesser CR. Field evaluation of WALS truck-mounted A1 super duty mist sprayer® with VectoBac® WDG against Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) populations in Manatee County, Florida. SN Appl Sci 2022; 4:50. [PMID: 35013720 PMCID: PMC8733432 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the Dengue and Zika vector, is a domestic mosquito that is difficult to control. The challenge lies in the mosquito’s preference to lay its eggs in cryptic habitats such as fence post openings, buckets and bird baths, cups. Additionally, current methods of control are labor-intensive. We employed the WALS strategy to evaluate the operational efficacy of applying VectoBac WDG using a truck-mounted mister to control local populations of Ae. aegypti in urban settings with difficult-to-reach larval mosquito habitats. Our study was conducted in Cortez (Manatee County), Florida, USA (27° 27’ N, 82° 40’ W). We selected two study sites, one untreated control (21.9 ha) and one treatment site (23.1 ha) where historical data have shown high populations of Ae. aegypti based on weekly ovitrap surveillance. Weekly BGs and ovitraps (10–15 traps/site) were deployed to monitor adult population dynamics. A total of 50 bioassay jars were placed in the field each afternoon of the Bti application (8 application events) at fixed locations to collect droplets and gauge efficacy. We found significant reduction in female adults (P = 0.0002) and landing rate counts (P = 0.0058) as a result of treatment. Larval bioassays during the eight applications confirmed Bti deposit in a variety of coverage types regardless of placement in the yards. WALS applications with a truck-mounted mister can be effective at reducing disease carrying mosquito populations in residential areas and can be implemented in an integrated vector management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Katie Williams
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, 2317 2nd Ave W, Palmetto, FL 34221 USA
| | - Samantha Ramirez
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, 2317 2nd Ave W, Palmetto, FL 34221 USA
| | - Christopher R Lesser
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, 2317 2nd Ave W, Palmetto, FL 34221 USA
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Amoafo OY, Malekar V, Jones E, On SLW. Antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic profiling of Escherichia coli from dairy farm soils; organic versus conventional systems. Curr Res Microb Sci 2022; 3:100088. [PMID: 34977826 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
First known comparison of antimicrobial resistance traits in E. coli strains from new zealand farms practicing organic and conventional husbandry. Potential extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains isolated from dairy farm environments. Organic dairy farms tended to harbour fewer resistant isolates than those recovered from conventionally farmed counterparts. Evidence for anthroponotic transmission of resistant strains of human origin to farm environments. Implications for the spread of antimicrobial resistance traits from farm environments discussed.
The prevalence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a result of the persistent use and/or abuse of antimicrobials is a key health problem for health authorities and governments worldwide. A study of contrasting farming systems such as organic versus conventional dairy farming may help to authenticate some factors that may contribute to the prevalence and spread of AMR in their soils. A case study was conducted in organic and conventional dairy farms in the South Canterbury region of New Zealand. A total of 814 dairy farm soil E. coli (DfSEC) isolates recovered over two years were studied. Isolates were recovered from each of two farms practicing organic, and another two practicing conventional husbandries. The E. coli isolates were examined for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using an established multiplex PCR method. The AMR results indicated 3.7% of the DfSEC isolates were resistant to at least one of the eight selected antimicrobials. Of the resistant isolates, DfSEC from the organic dairy farms showed a lower prevalence of resistance to the antimicrobials tested, compared to their counterparts from the conventional farms. Phylogenetic analysis placed the majority (73.7%) of isolates recovered in group B1, itself dominated by isolates of bovine origin. The tendency for higher rates of resistance among strains from conventional farming may be important for future decision-making around farming practices Current husbandry practices may contribute to the prevalence and spread of AMR in the industry.
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Avadí A, Galland V, Versini A, Bockstaller C. Suitability of operational N direct field emissions models to represent contrasting agricultural situations in agricultural LCA: Review and prospectus. Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149960. [PMID: 34525733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N biogeochemical flows and associated N losses exceed currently planetary boundaries and represent a major threat for sustainability. Measuring N losses is a resource-intensive endeavour, and not suitable for ex-ante assessments, thus modelling is a common approach for estimating N losses associated with agricultural scenarios (systems, practices, situations). The aim of this study is to review some of the N models commonly used for estimating direct field emissions of agricultural systems, and to assess their suitability to systems featuring contrasted agricultural and pedoclimatic conditions. Simple N models were chosen based on their frequent use in LCA, including ecoinvent v3, Indigo-N v1/v2, AGRIBALYSE v1.2/v1.3, and the Mineral fertiliser equivalents (MFE) calculator. Model sets were contrasted, among them and with the dynamic crop model STICS, regarding their consideration of the biophysical processes determining N losses to the environment from agriculture, namely plant uptake, nitrification, denitrification, NH3 volatilisation, NO3 leaching, erosion and run-off, and N2O emission to air; using four reference agricultural datasets. Models' consideration of management drivers such as crop rotations and the allocation of fertilisers and emissions among crops in a crop rotation, over-fertilisation and fertilisation technique, were also contrasted, as well as their management of the mineralisation of soil organic matter and organic fertilisers, and of drainage regimes. For the four agricultural datasets, the ecoinvent model predicted significantly lower values for NH3 than AGRIBALYSE and STICS. For N2O, no significant differences were found among models. For NO3, ecoinvent and AGRIBALYSE predicted significantly higher emissions than STICS, regardless of the fertilisation regime. For both emissions, values of Indigo-N were close to those of STICS. By analysing the reasons for such differences, and the underlying factors considered by models, a list of recommendations was produced regarding more accurate ways to model N losses (e.g. by including the main drivers regulating emissions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Avadí
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Antoine Versini
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et Risque, F-97408 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
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Tabrika I, Mayad EH, Furze JN, Zaafrani M, Azim K. Optimization of tomato waste composting with integration of organic feedstock. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:64140-64149. [PMID: 33400108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of waste by composting converts organic waste into valuable organic supplements. Physicochemical characteristics of tomato waste (TW) limit the efficiency of the composting process. To overcome these challenges, different mixtures were investigated by integration of olive pumice (OP), sheep manure (SM), chicken manure (CM), and sawdust as bulking agents for the optimization of the composting process. Evaluations of the composting process and compost quality were carried out to measure the temperature profile, organic matter (OM) losses, concentrations of humic substances, and macro-nutriments. The results showed that the type and ratio of feedstock in the mixture influenced the temperature of the composting process. In mixtures with SM and OP, the temperature exceeded 55 °C for more than 2 weeks, ensuring hygienization. Additionally, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased when SM and CM were added to the composting mixture. The addition of OP increased the concentrations of humic acid-like carbon (CHA) and fulvic acid-like carbon (CFA). Higher content of humic substances was recorded when SM and OP were used as composting feedstock. Using SM in the mixture was found to be more efficient than CM and constitutes a suitable feedstock for composting of tomato waste, achieving successful co-operation of agronomic and animal farm sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyass Tabrika
- Research Unit of Integrated Plant Production, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, Agadir, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Mechanic, Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - El Hassan Mayad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - James N Furze
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaah Street, P.O. Box: 19006, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
- Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, UK
| | - Mina Zaafrani
- Laboratory of Mechanic, Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khalid Azim
- Research Unit of Integrated Plant Production, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, Agadir, Morocco
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Filali Alaoui I, Ait Hamza M, Benjlil H, Idhmida A, Braimi A, Mzough E, Hallouti A, Basaid K, Furze JN, Zasada IA, Paulitz T, Ferji Z, El Mousadik A, Mayad EH. Phytoparasitic nematodes of organic vegetables in the Argan Biosphere of Souss-Massa (Southern Morocco). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:64166-64180. [PMID: 33635457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agroecological productivity of the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve of Morocco is limited by the wide spread and dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN). Ecological studies of nematode communities are required to develop effective biological management of these bioagressors as conventional control methods of PPN are inadequate and have persistent harmful effects. Fifty-nine organic vegetable soils in Souss-Massa were nematologically sampled, and assessment of taxonomic proliferation was made in relation to host species, geographical origin, and climatic and microclimatic factors. Twenty-four nematode genera were identified as obligate and facultative plant feeders. Taxonomic diversity increased from Chtouka to Taroudant and Tiznit provinces. Soil texture, organic matter, pH, nitrogen, zinc, magnesium, copper, altitude, and humidity and temperature were seen to effect driving roles in the abundance, distribution, and community structures of nematodes. The most prevalent taxa posing a high risk to organic agriculture of Souss Massa were needle nematodes (Longidorus spp.) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Edaphic and climatic variables effected nematode populations greatly. A combination of biological treatments and appropriate agroecological practices restricting important economic PPN growth and enhancing soil quality are required to achieve sustainable management in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyass Filali Alaoui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Campus d'Agadir, Département de Protection des Plantes, BP 18/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait Hamza
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Campus d'Agadir, Département de Protection des Plantes, BP 18/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hinde Benjlil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Campus d'Agadir, Département de Protection des Plantes, BP 18/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Amine Idhmida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Amina Braimi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Elmahdi Mzough
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Hallouti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khadija Basaid
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
- Université Ibn Zohr, Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d'Agadir, Laboratoire LMPEE, BP 1136, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - James Nicholas Furze
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
- Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaah Avenue, P.O. Box: 19006, Baghdad, Postal Code: 10066, Iraq
- Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, UK
| | - Inga A Zasada
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Timothy Paulitz
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zahra Ferji
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Campus d'Agadir, Département de Protection des Plantes, BP 18/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid El Mousadik
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - El Hassan Mayad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco.
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Campus d'Agadir, Département de Protection des Plantes, BP 18/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco.
- Université Ibn Zohr, Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d'Agadir, Laboratoire LMPEE, BP 1136, 80000, Agadir, Morocco.
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Polak-Juszczak L, Szlinder Richert J. Arsenic speciation in fish from Baltic Sea close to chemical munitions dumpsites. Chemosphere 2021; 284:131326. [PMID: 34323798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical weapons that were dumped in seas and oceans after World War II, including the Baltic Sea, are sources of pollution of marine areas. Sunken containers can corrode, unseal, and numerous compounds pass into the environment, including toxic forms of arsenic, which are then taken up by marine animals. This study aims to quantify concentration of total arsenic, inorganic arsenic (III + V), and organic compounds arsenobetaine, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid in the muscle tissues of cod, herring, sprat, and flounder and the associated risk to consumer health. Sprat muscle (0.636 mg kg-1) had the highest content of total arsenic, significantly less was noted in the muscles of herring (0.460 mg kg-1) and flounder (0.588 mg kg-1), and the least was in cod (0.390 mg kg-1). Toxic inorganic arsenic compounds were present in the fish tested at levels below 0.02 mgkg-1 and constituted from 3.45 to 5.75% of total arsenic. Arsenobetaine dominated among organic forms, and concentrations of it, like total arsenic, varied depending on the fish species. Consumer health risk was determined with the estimated daily intake, the target hazard quotient, and the carcinogenic risk. Estimated daily intake values for inorganic arsenic in herring, cod, sprat, and flounder were below the reference dose at 0.51 × 10-5 mg kg-1 b. w. day. The target hazard quotient factor of 0.0017 indicated there was no threat. Carcinogenic risk values were within the permissible range of 10-6 to 10-4. Current data indicate that inorganic arsenic compounds pose no risk to the health of consumers of Baltic fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Polak-Juszczak
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, Kołłątaja1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szlinder Richert
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, Kołłątaja1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
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Sherpa MT, Bag N, Das S, Haokip P, Sharma L. Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from organically grown high yielding pole type native pea ( Pisum sativum L.) variety Dentami of Sikkim, India. Curr Res Microb Sci 2021; 2:100068. [PMID: 34841358 PMCID: PMC8610319 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research showcases the significant findings pertaining to the assessment and report of the first ever study on the isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial diversity of organic farming pea variety (Dentami) of Sikkim. Proteobacteria dominated the rhizospheric soil whereas the bulk soil was governed by Actinobacteria. Bacillus cereus P8 (66.5 µg ml−1) and Bacillus mycoides PP1 (45.1 µg ml−1) were the highest IAA producer and also showed other plant growth promoting and biocontrol traits, such as phosphorous and potassium solubilization, nitrogen-fixing activity and siderophore production. As, Sikkim is the first state in India to practice organic agriculture farming, hence, such study on the soil microbiology is of immense significance. In these rhizospheric soil, it was dominated by the Proteobacteria and similar bacterial isolates, suggesting that these soil flora might be playing significant roles to enhancing the crop production and soil fertility. Culture-dependent technique was used to assess plant growth promoting rhizobacterial diversity of pole type pea variety (Dentami) of Sikkim. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria (56%) from rhizosphere soil and Actinobacteria (58%) from bulk soil. PCA analysis showed that Firmicutes (bulk soil) were positively correlated to SOC, and available K, whereas, Proteobacteria (rhizosphere soil) exhibited a high correlation to pH, and available P. Bacillus cereus P8, Arthrobacter woluwensis DP2, Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus UP1, and Bacillus mycoides PP1 showed plant growth promotion and bio-control traits. Bacillus cereus P8 (66.5 µg mL−1) and Bacillus mycoides PP1 (45.1 µg mL−1) was thehighest IAA producer. Pot experiment confirmed that these isolates can be potential plant growth promoter under the agro-climatic conditions of Sikkim, India.
Organic farming is an eco-friendly and sustainable farming practice that enhances soil fertility and helps in improving soil quality. But with the commencement of more sophisticated advances in agricultural techniques, organic farming has gradually become limited in the world. Culture-dependent plant growth-promoting bacterial isolates were isolated from the bulk and rhizospheric soil, of the native high yielding pole type organic pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar Dentami of Dentam, West Sikkim, India. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing identification of these isolates, it was found that from the bulk soil, Actinobacteria (58%) was the dominant phyla followed by Firmicutes (28%), and Proteobacteria (14%). In the rhizospheric soil it was dominated by Proteobacteria (56%), followed by Firmicutes (33%), and Bacteriodetes (11%). A total of 40 bacterial isolates were initially screened for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity and out of them only four bacterial isolates i.e., Bacillus cereus P8, Arthrobacter woluwensis DP2, Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus PP3, and Bacillus mycoides PP10 with accession numbers MN589697, MN559516, MN519462 and MN589696 respectively were found to possess higher PGP activity (i.e. phosphorous, potassium solubilization and nitrogen-fixing activity) as compared to the other bacteria present in the soil. Based on the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) quantitative assay and siderophore production assay, it was found that Bacillus cereus (MN589697) produced the highest IAA (65.5 µg mL−1) and siderophore (71%) when compared with the other isolates. The statistical correlation suggests that pH and available phosphorus were the strongest influencing factors for the distribution of Proteobacteria in the rhizospheric soil. The results indicate that these isolates can be potential plant growth promoter under the agro-climatic conditions of Sikkim, India. To the best of our knowledge the present study is the first report of its kind and showcases significant findings pertaining to the assessment of diversity, isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria of organic pea grown in Sikkim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingma Thundu Sherpa
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Niladri Bag
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Sayak Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Paolenmang Haokip
- Department of Geology, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Laxuman Sharma
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
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Grabau ZJ, Treadwell DD, Perez Orozco JJ, Campbell DN, Hochmuth RC. Organic or conventional production system and nutrient rate affect the nematode community in carrot production. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-82. [PMID: 34671749 PMCID: PMC8513539 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and conventional production are common in horticulture crops and each system may exert a different influence on the soil ecosystem, particularly the nematode community. Crop nutrient rate is an important choice in both production systems. The objectives of this study were to assess the impacts of (i) organic and conventional production systems and (ii) nutrient rate in both systems on the nematode community in carrot production. To investigate these objectives, field studies in organic and conventional production - which included fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene - were conducted in North-Central Florida. In both production systems, nutrient rate treatments were 168, 224, 280, 336, and 392 kg N/ha. Poultry litter was the nitrogen source in organic production whereas synthetic, inorganic fertilizer was used in conventional production. All nematode trophic groups were consistently more abundant in organic than conventional production. The nematode community was more diverse and had greater trophic structure in organic production. Greater rates of organic nutrients increased enrichment opportunists (bacterivores and fungivores), but inconsistently across years. Conventional production had similar results except that only moderate nutrient rates increased fungivore abundances. Extreme enrichment opportunists (Rhabditis spp.) drove bacterivore trends in organic production whereas moderate enrichment opportunists (Cephalobus spp.) drove trends in conventional production. Nutrient rates did not affect omnivore-predators, herbivores, nematode community diversity, or structure in either system. In summary, type of production system, organic or conventional, exerts a strong influence on the nematode community, but nutrient rate has less consistent effects in horticulture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane J. Grabau
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Danielle D. Treadwell
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110690, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Jose J. Perez Orozco
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110690, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - David N. Campbell
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110690, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Robert C. Hochmuth
- North Florida Research and Education Center-Suwannee Valley, University of Florida, 7580, CR 136, Live Oak, FL, 32060
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wen H, Wang X, Zhang J, Long T. A critical review on challenges and trend of ultrapure water production process. Sci Total Environ 2021; 785:147254. [PMID: 33933770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent and vigorous developments in semiconductor technology strictly request better quality and large quantity of ultrapure water (UPW) for their production. It is crucial to secure a large amount of raw water for the future development of UPW production. Using reclaimed water as alternative raw water source to produce UPW is therefore considered the feasible trend and solution for sustainable use of water resources towards a common future practice in UPW production. The challenge of using reclaimed water is due to its higher content of organic pollutants, especially small molecule organic pollutants such as urea, which are difficult to remove through traditional UPW production process. Consequently, improving the existing UPW production process to meet the water standard desired in the semiconductor industry is essential. This paper reviewed the current traditional processes for removing organic matters in UPW production, including ion-exchange (IX) adsorption, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The potential problems in the actual UPW production process were identified when using reclaimed water as raw water source. A new strategy of applying the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) to UPW production as a supplementary unit to guarantee UPW quality was proposed. Its feasibility and research focus were then analyzed and discussed in obtaining a new solution for a future development of the UPW production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yuanying Yang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Haitao Wen
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- TG Hilyte Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- TG Hilyte Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tianwei Long
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
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Zavdy O, Viner I, London N, Menzely T, Hod R, Raveh E, Gilony D. Intranasal foreign bodies: A 10-year analysis of a large cohort, in a tertiary medical center. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 50:356-359. [PMID: 34454399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal foreign bodies (NFB) are commonly seen in pediatric patients seeking medical attention in the emergency department (ED). We aim to describe the occurrence, clinical presentation and management, of these cases, and to assess various risk factors for complications. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a computerized patient directory of 562 children admitted to the emergency department during a 10-year period, with NFB, in a tertiary pediatric hospital. RESULTS Upon admittance, most of the children (82%) were asymptomatic. Among the symptomatic children (18%), the primary symptoms were nasal discharge (10%), epistaxis (8%) and pain (4%). Younger children (under 4 years) were more likely to insert organic materials, compared to older children. Younger children were also admitted sooner to the emergency department and were more likely to present with nasal discharge. The overall complication rate was 5%. None of the children had aspirated the foreign body. Complications included infection (2%), necrosis (0.7%), septal perforation (0.5%), deep mucosal laceration (1.5%) and loss of foreign body (1.9%). Significantly higher rates of symptoms and complications were associated with button batteries. Increased risk for complications were observed according to type of foreign body, multiple attempts to remove it, posterior insertion and left-side insertion. CONCLUSIONS Nasal foreign bodies in children are common. Mostly, patients are asymptomatic, therefore a high index of suspicion is required, for quick diagnosis and safe removal, without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Zavdy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Igor Viner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Nataly London
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Tomer Menzely
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Roy Hod
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Raveh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Gilony
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 4920235 Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Muhammad AI, Dalia AM, Loh TC, Akit H, Samsudin AA. Effect of organic and inorganic dietary selenium supplementation on gene expression in oviduct tissues and Selenoproteins gene expression in Lohman Brown-classic laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:281. [PMID: 34419016 PMCID: PMC8380377 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oviduct of a hen provides a conducive environment for egg formation, which needs a large amount of mineral elements from the blood via trans-epithelial permeability. Eggshell is the calcified layer on the outside of an egg that provides protection and is critical for egg quality. However, little is known about the genes or proteins involved in eggshell formation, and their relationship to dietary microminerals. We hypothesized that dietary selenium supplementation in chickens will influence genes involved in eggshell biomineralization, and improve laying hen antioxidant capacity. The objective of this research was to investigate how organic and inorganic dietary selenium supplementation affected mRNA expression of shell gland genes involved in eggshell biomineralization, and selenoproteins gene expression in Lohman Brown-Classic laying hens. Results Shell gland (Uterus) and liver tissue samples were collected from hens during the active growth phase of calcification (15–20 h post-ovulation) for RT-PCR analysis. In the oviduct (shell gland and magnum) and liver of laying hens, the relative expression of functional eggshell and hepatic selenoproteins genes was investigated. Results of qPCR confirmed the higher (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of OC-17 and OC-116 in shell gland of organic Se hen compared to inorganic and basal diet treatments. Similarly, dietary Se treatments affected the mRNA expression of OCX-32 and OCX-36 in the shell gland of laying hens. In the magnum, mRNA expression of OC-17 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in hens fed-bacterial organic, while OC-116 mRNA expression was down-regulated in dietary Se supplemented groups compared to non-Se supplemented hens. Moreover, when compared to sodium selenite, only ADS18 bacterial Se showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mRNA levels in GPX1, GPX4, DIO1, DIO2 and SELW1, while Se-yeast showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mRNA levels in TXNRD1 than the non-Se group. Conclusions Dietary Se supplementation especially that from a bacterial organic source, improved shell gland and hepatic selenoproteins gene expression in laying hens, indicating that it could be used as a viable alternative source of Se in laying hens. The findings could suggest that organic Se upregulation of shell gland genes and hepatic selenoproteins in laying hens is efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Muhammad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - A M Dalia
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - T C Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A A Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lilly EL, Webster NJ. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on organic and conventionally grown produce. Food Microbiol 2021; 99:103798. [PMID: 34119093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection can result in toxoplasmosis and potential psychological effects. Research commonly focuses on infection through contact with cat fecal matter or consumption of contaminated meat. However, T. gondii oocysts can persist in the environment for years and may be present in soils and on soil-grown produce. Rates of oocyst DNA recovery from produce were high, with 18% of vegetable samples testing positive for T. gondii via PCR test and melt curve analysis. Radishes had significantly higher oocyst counts than arugula, collard greens, kale, lettuce, and spinach. There were no significant differences in oocyst detection rates between samples taken from organic farmer's markets and conventional grocery stores. This study demonstrates that these oocysts can transfer to produce grown both conventionally and using organic techniques.
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Qin N, Faludi G, Beauclercq S, Pitt J, Desnica N, Pétursdóttir Á, Newton EE, Angelidis A, Givens I, Juniper D, Humphries D, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Stergiadis S. Macromineral and trace element concentrations and their seasonal variation in milk from organic and conventional dairy herds. Food Chem 2021; 359:129865. [PMID: 33940467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To study the effects of dairy production system on milk macromineral and trace element concentrations, milk samples were collected monthly in 2019 from 43 conventional and 27 organic farms. Organic milk contained more Ca (1049.5 vs. 995.8 mg/kg), K (1383.6 vs. 1362.4 mg/kg), P (806.5 vs. 792.5 mg/kg) and Mo (73.3 vs. 60.6 μg/kg) but less Cu (52.4 vs. 60.6 μg/kg), Fe (0.66 vs 2.03 mg/kg), Mn (28.8 vs. 45.0 μg/kg), Zn (4.51 vs. 5.00 mg/kg) and Al (0.32 vs. 1.14 μg/kg) than conventional milk. Significant seasonal variation was observed in all determined minerals' concentrations. Milk I concentration was not consistently affected by production system, whereas organic milk contained less I in June and July than conventional milk. Dietary factors contributing to different milk mineral concentrations between production systems included intakes of maize silage, dry-straights and oils (higher in conventional diets), and pasture, clover and wholecrop (higher in organic diets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Qin
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Gergely Faludi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Keszthely, Deák Ferenc u. 16, H-8360, Hungary
| | - Stephane Beauclercq
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Pitt
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eric E Newton
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Angelidis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Juniper
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - David Humphries
- Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Hall Farm House, Church Ln, Reading RG2 9HX, United Kingdom
| | - Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir
- Matís ltd., Vínlandsleið 12, Reykjavík 113, Iceland; Faculty Food Science and Nutrition, University Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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