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Franceschi IC, Dornas RADP, Lermen IS, Coelho AVP, Vilas Boas AH, Chiarello AG, Paglia AP, de Souza AC, Borsekowsky AR, Rocha A, Bager A, de Souza AZ, Lopes AMC, de Moura AS, Ferreira AS, García-Olaechea A, Delciellos AC, Bacellar AEDF, Campelo AKN, Paschoal AMO, Rolim AC, da Silva ALF, Lanna AM, da Silva AP, Guimarães A, Cardoso Â, Cassol AS, da Costa-Pinto AL, do Nascimento AGS, Fernandes AS, Clyvia A, Santos ABD, Lima-Silva B, Beisiegel BDM, Luciano BFL, Leopoldo BDF, Krobel BN, Kubiak BB, Saranholi BH, Correa BS, Sant Anna Teixeira C, Ayroza CR, Cassano CR, Benitez-Riveros C, Gestich CC, Tedesco CD, Gheler-Costa C, Hegel CGZ, Evangelista Junior CDS, Ferreira CEMF, Grelle CEV, Esteves CF, Espinosa CDC, Leuchtenberger C, Sanchéz-Lalinde C, Machado CIC, Andreazzi C, Bueno C, Cronemberger de Faria C, Novaes C, Widmer CE, Santos CC, Ferraz DDS, Galiano D, Bôlla DAS, Behs D, Rodrigues DP, de Melo DP, Ramos DMS, de Mattia DL, Pavei DD, Loretto D, Huning DDS, Dias DDM, Paetzhold ÉR, Rios E, Setz EZF, Cazetta E, Cafofo Silva EG, Pasa E, Saito EN, de Aguiar EFS, Castro ÉP, Viveiros de Castro EB, Pedó E, Pereira FDA, Bolzan F, Roque FDO, Mazim FD, Comin FH, Maffei F, Peters FB, Fantacini FM, da Silva FP, Machado FS, Vélez-Garcia F, Lage FSD, Perini FA, Passos FC, Carvalho F, de Azevedo FCC, Ferreira F, de Pinho FF, Chaves FG, Miranda FR, Rodrigues FHG, Ubaid FK, Gabriel FH, de Souza FL, de Oliveira FV, Cupolillo G, Moreira GDAP, Mette G, Duarte GT, Beca G, Corso G, Perbiche-Neves G, Souto GHBDO, Vilarroel GJDS, Batista GO, Ferreira GB, Toledo GADC, Senger G, Bergallo HDG, Dos Santos HCP, Gazola HA, Melo I, Brack IV, Veríssimo I, Viana IR, Laurentino IC, Diehl JL, Zocche JJ, Martins-Silva J, Just JPG, Cherem JJ, Nascimento JL, Marinho JR, Dantas JO, de Matos JR, Pires JSR, Cerveira JF, Ruiz-Esparza J, da Silva JP, Bogoni JA, Molina KT, Pereira KDDL, Ceron K, de Vleeschouwer K, Lautenschlager L, Bailey L, Fornitano L, Rampim LE, Sforza L, Bissa LG, Santucci LM, da Silva LG, Perillo LN, Correa LR, Hufnagel L, Alberti LF, Recalde Mello LJ, Bernardo LRR, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Guimarães LN, Benchimol M, Twardowschy MC, Ferreira-Riveros M, da Silva M, Jardim MMDA, Fontes MAL, Tortato MA, do Nascimento MT, Sekiama ML, Nascimento-Costa MC, Dos Santos MEB, Morini MSDC, Nagy-Reis MB, Kaizer MDC, Sant'Anna MJRDS, Hartmann MT, Favarini MO, Olivo MO, Montes MA, Alvaréz MRDV, Haddad MF, Costa MD, Graipel ME, Konzen MQ, Galetti M, Almeida MDOS, Faria MB, Luiz MR, Baptista MNDM, Marini MÂ, Ribeiro MC, Olifiers N, de Albuquerque NM, Cantero N, Peroni N, Zanella N, Mendonça-Furtado O, Pays O, Ferretti OE, Rocha-Barbosa O, Santos PM, de Farias PM, da Rocha PA, Colas-Rosas PF, Ribeiro-Souza P, Ferracioli P, Hartmann PA, Antas PDTZ, Ribeiro P, Tomasi Sarti P, Mônico PI, de Castilho PV, Pereira PBDM, Crawshaw PG, Renaud PC, Romagna RS, de Sousa RTM, Spagnol RS, Beltrão-Mendes R, Mariano RF, Rocha RR, Sousa-Lima R, Pagotto RV, de Faria RT, Arrais RC, Moratelli R, Sartorello R, Bianchi RDC, Guimarães RDC, Massara RL, Costa RT, Marques RV, Nunes RMR, Hartz SM, Silvestre de Sousa SM, Lima SR, Barbosa SL, Godoy SN, Ferrari SF, de Araújo-Piovezan TG, Góes TL, Trigo TC, de Freitas TRO, Maccarini TB, de Castro TM, Bella TR, de Oliveira Junior TM, Cunha UM, Kanaan VT, Pfannerstill V, Pimentel VS, Picinatto Filho V, Alves VN, Rojas-Bonzi V, Mottin V, Rocha VJ, Kindel A, Coelho IP. Camera trap surveys of Atlantic Forest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004-2020). Ecology 2024; 105:e4298. [PMID: 38610092 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land-cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large-sized species. Here we present a data set from camera trap surveys of medium to large-sized native mammals (>1 kg) across the Atlantic Forest. We compiled data from 5380 ground-level camera trap deployments in 3046 locations, from 2004 to 2020, resulting in 43,068 records of 58 species. These data add to existing data sets of mammals in the Atlantic Forest by including dates of camera operation needed for analyses dealing with imperfect detection. We also included, when available, information on important predictors of detection, namely the camera brand and model, use of bait, and obstruction of camera viewshed that can be measured from example pictures at each camera location. Besides its application in studies on the patterns and mechanisms behind occupancy, relative abundance, richness, and detection, the data set presented here can be used to study species' daily activity patterns, activity levels, and spatiotemporal interactions between species. Moreover, data can be used combined with other data sources in the multiple and expanding uses of integrated population modeling. An R script is available to view summaries of the data set. We expect that this data set will be used to advance the knowledge of mammal assemblages and to inform evidence-based solutions for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. The data are not copyright restricted; please cite this paper when using the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingridi Camboim Franceschi
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rubem Augusto da Paixão Dornas
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Modelo Ambiental Consultoria e Projetos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabel Salgueiro Lermen
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur Vicente Pfeifer Coelho
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro Rocha
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos (GPMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Alex Bager
- Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aloysio Souza de Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Aluane Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Alvaro García-Olaechea
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Centro de Investigación Biodiversidad Sostenible, Piura, Peru
| | - Ana Cláudia Delciellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Kellen Nogueira Campelo
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Análise da Paisagem, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Paschoal
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Ferreira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Andre Monnerat Lanna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Caminho da Mata Atlântica (CMA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ângela Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Ludmilla da Costa-Pinto
- Museu de História Natural da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (MHN/UFAL), Maceió, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação dos Trópicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Soares Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aryanne Clyvia
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatriz de Mello Beisiegel
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Fernandes Lima Luciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Busnello Kubiak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Saranholi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruno Senna Correa
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET), Nepomuceno, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Rezende Ayroza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Camila Righetto Cassano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Camilo Benitez-Riveros
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Carla Cristina Gestich
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Tedesco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Carla Gheler-Costa
- Instituto Pró-Terra, São Paulo, Brazil
- Câmara dos Deputados, Escritório Político Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlito da Silva Evangelista Junior
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Análise da Paisagem, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Viveiros Grelle
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline da Costa Espinosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Catalina Sanchéz-Lalinde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Onca Fundación Para el Estudio de la Diversidad, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Cecilia Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília Bueno
- Núcleo de Estudos de Vertebrados Silvestres (NEVS), Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Cronemberger de Faria
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Novaes
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Cavalcante Santos
- Coexistence and Decision Research Group, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique-Angers (LETG-Angers), UFR Sciences, Université de Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel da Silva Ferraz
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus realeza, Realeza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniele Pereira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Diogo Loretto
- Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Douglas da Silva Huning
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Matos Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Éder Ricardo Paetzhold
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes Litorâneos e Insulares, Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), Campus Paranaguá, Paranaguá, Brazil
- Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento da Universidade Estadual do Paraná (FUNESPAR), Paranaguá, Brazil
| | - Elaine Rios
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Eleonore Zulnara Freire Setz
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Mamíferos (LAMA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuelle Pasa
- Cruzeiro do Sul Consultoria Ambiental Ltda, Ivoti, Brazil
| | - Erica Naomi Saito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Erick Francisco Silva de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érika Paula Castro
- Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias e Inovações Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Bastos Viveiros de Castro
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ezequiel Pedó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fabiane de Aguiar Pereira
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade em Unidades de Conservação, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (ENBT/JBRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Bolzan
- Laboratório de Ecologia, INBio, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Fundação Neotrópica do Brasil, Bonito, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Roque
- Laboratório de Ecologia, INBio, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Henrique Comin
- Instituto Pró-Terra, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ecologia Aplicada: Ensino, Pesquisa e Serviços Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Maffei
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Moreli Fantacini
- Instituto Espaço Silvestre (IES), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Instituto Ambiental Brüderthal, Brusque, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pessoa da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
- Prefeitura Municipal de São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Escola Estadual de Ferreiras, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santana Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
- Prefeitura Municipal de São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Escola Estadual de Ferreiras, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Brazil
- Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais, Escola Estadual Professora Celina de Rezende Vilela, Cordislândia, Brazil
- Prefeitura Municipal de São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Escola Municipal Bento Gonçalves Filho, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vélez-Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Onca Fundación Para el Estudio de la Diversidad, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Fernando Araújo Perini
- Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Camargo Passos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira
- Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira de Pinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Biotrópicos, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Regina Miranda
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás no Brasil (IPCTB), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kulaif Ubaid
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Brazil
| | - Francisco Homem Gabriel
- Museu de Zoologia da Zona da Mata Mineira, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Franco Leandro de Souza
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fred Victor de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cupolillo
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Araújo Pires Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Teixeira Duarte
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Beca
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gilberto Corso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Graziele O Batista
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Braga Ferreira
- Instituto Biotrópicos, Diamantina, Brazil
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gustavo Senger
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha (IFFAR), Panambi, Brazil
| | - Helena de Godoy Bergallo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabel Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Ismael Verrastro Brack
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos de Vida Silvestre (GEVS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iuri Veríssimo
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (EFMA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Izabela Costa Laurentino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo José Zocche
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Jimi Martins-Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge José Cherem
- Instituto Tabuleiro, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Caipora Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Nascimento
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Reppold Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Brazil
| | - José Oliveira Dantas
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Josi Fernanda Cerveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Áreas Naturais Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juan Ruiz-Esparza
- Núcleo de Educação em Ciências Agrárias e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus do Sertão, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano André Bogoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Karina Theodoro Molina
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás no Brasil (IPCTB), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Karla Dayane de Lima Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goianol, Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Brazil
| | - Karoline Ceron
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Lautenschlager
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami (UM), Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Larissa Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Larissa Fornitano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos (LEMa), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Sforza
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Neves Perillo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Bocaina Biologia da Conservação, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ribeiro Correa
- Laboratório de Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Hufnagel
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiza Neves Guimarães
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Manuela Catharina Twardowschy
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcela Ferreira-Riveros
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay (IIBP), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Marcelo da Silva
- Caitaia Consultoria Ambiental, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria de Assis Jardim
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Conservação da Diversidade Biológica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura and Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Leite Fontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Marcos Adriano Tortato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Instituto Tabuleiro, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Caipora Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariane da Cruz Kaizer
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marilia Teresinha Hartmann
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Martin Roberto Del Valle Alvaréz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Matheus Feldstein Haddad
- Instituto Espaço Silvestre (IES), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Master's Programme on Ecosystem Services, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Serviços Técnicos em Geologia Ltda (Seteg), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Eduardo Graipel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Caipora Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Quoos Konzen
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Michel Barros Faria
- Museu de Zoologia da Zona da Mata Mineira, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalie Olifiers
- Núcleo de Estudos de Vertebrados Silvestres (NEVS), Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Noeli Zanella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Olivier Pays
- Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique-Angers (LETG-Angers), UFR Sciences, Université de Angers, Angers, France
| | - Orlando Ednei Ferretti
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Oscar Rocha-Barbosa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma Marques Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Menegaz de Farias
- Nisus Inovação e Tecnologias Agroambeintais, Tubarão, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Amael Beethoven Villar Ferrin, Laboratório de Entomologia, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Patrício Adriano da Rocha
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Ribeiro-Souza
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Ferracioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Program of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre of African Ecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paulo Tomasi Sarti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Garopaba Licenciamento Ambiental, Garopaba, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Volkmer de Castilho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Biologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Laguna, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Gransden Crawshaw
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBIO), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pierre-Cyril Renaud
- Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique-Angers (LETG-Angers), UFR Sciences, Université de Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Rafael Turíbio Moraes de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Soares Spagnol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Brazil
| | - Raone Beltrão-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ravi Fernandes Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Renata Reinoso Rocha
- Projeto Queixada, Programa WCS-Brasil, Wildlife Conservation Society, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Renata Sousa-Lima
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata Valls Pagotto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhayssa Terra de Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Mamíferos (LAMA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Moratelli
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sartorello
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Análise da Paisagem, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Bianchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos (LEMa), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Lima Massara
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Romulo Theodoro Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos (LEMa), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosane Vera Marques
- Unidade de Assessoramento Ambiental, Gabinete de Assessoramento Técnico, Procuradoria Geral de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruan Márcio Ruas Nunes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Hartz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Meneses Silvestre de Sousa
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Neri Godoy
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), NGI Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Francis Ferrari
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Laura Góes
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Campos Trigo
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Conservação da Diversidade Biológica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura and Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thales R O de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Ribas Bella
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Uslaine Maciel Cunha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Tavares Kanaan
- Instituto Espaço Silvestre (IES), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos de Vida Silvestre (GEVS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Pfannerstill
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor Siqueira Pimentel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Picinatto Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Viviana Rojas-Bonzi
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
- Asociación Paraguaya de Mastozoología, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Viviane Mottin
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Vlamir José Rocha
- Laboratório de Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Kindel
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor Pfeifer Coelho
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Phakoago MV, Maloney SK, Kamerman PR, Meyer LCR, Weyer NM, Fuller A. Social media as a tool to understand the distribution and ecology of elusive mammals. J Mammal 2024; 105:206-214. [PMID: 38314441 PMCID: PMC10838014 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparatively little is known about the distribution and ecology of Aardvark (Orycteropus afer) and Temminck's Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii). Both are elusive species that are normally nocturnal, solitary, and fossorial. Formally collected records have been used to map the distribution of these species, and social media records provide a tool to gather information on their distribution and ecology. We obtained 680 photographs and videos of aardvarks and 790 of ground pangolins in southern Africa from publicly available posts on Facebook and Instagram (2010-2019). The images provide new insights into the distribution, activity, drinking, and predation-and confirm that aardvarks are more diurnally active when they are in poor body condition. Social media can provide useful supplementary information for understanding of elusive mammals. These "soft" data can be applied to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makabudi V Phakoago
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Shane K Maloney
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter R Kamerman
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Leith C R Meyer
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
- Department Paraclinical Sciences and Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Nora M Weyer
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
- Department Paraclinical Sciences and Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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3
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Dyer A, Ryser R, Brose U, Amyntas A, Bodnar N, Boy T, Franziska Bucher S, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Gebler A, Hines J, Kyba CCM, Menz MHM, Rackwitz K, Shatwell T, Terlau JF, Hirt MR. Insect communities under skyglow: diffuse night-time illuminance induces spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220359. [PMID: 37899019 PMCID: PMC10613549 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is predicted to have far-reaching consequences for natural ecosystems given its influence on organismal physiology and behaviour, species interactions and community composition. Movement and predation are fundamental ecological processes that are of critical importance to ecosystem functioning. The natural movements and foraging behaviours of nocturnal invertebrates may be particularly sensitive to the presence of ALAN. However, we still lack evidence of how these processes respond to ALAN within a community context. We assembled insect communities to quantify their movement activity and predation rates during simulated Moon cycles across a gradient of diffuse night-time illuminance including the full range of observed skyglow intensities. Using radio frequency identification, we tracked the movements of insects within a fragmented grassland Ecotron experiment. We additionally quantified predation rates using prey dummies. Our results reveal that even low-intensity skyglow causes a temporal shift in movement activity from day to night, and a spatial shift towards open habitats at night. Changes in movement activity are associated with indirect shifts in predation rates. Spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation have important implications for ecological networks and ecosystem functioning, highlighting the disruptive potential of ALAN for global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Angelos Amyntas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nora Bodnar
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Boy
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alban Gebler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher C. M. Kyba
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Geographisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Myles H. M. Menz
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Karl Rackwitz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tom Shatwell
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jördis F. Terlau
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Myriam R. Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Muurling M, Au-Yeung WTM, Beattie Z, Wu CY, Dodge H, Rodrigues NK, Gothard S, Silbert LC, Barnes LL, Steele JS, Kaye J. Differences in Life Space Activity Patterns Between Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment Living Alone or as a Couple: Cohort Study Using Passive Activity Sensing. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e45876. [PMID: 37819694 PMCID: PMC10600648 DOI: 10.2196/45876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring function with passive in-home sensors has the advantages of real-world, objective, continuous, and unobtrusive measurement. However, previous studies have focused on 1-person homes only, which limits their generalizability. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the life space activity patterns of participants living alone with those of participants living as a couple and to compare people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with cognitively normal participants in both 1- and 2-person homes. METHODS Passive infrared motion sensors and door contact sensors were installed in 1- and 2-person homes with cognitively normal residents or residents with MCI. A home was classified as an MCI home if at least 1 person in the home had MCI. Time out of home (TOOH), independent life space activity (ILSA), and use of the living room, kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom were calculated. Data were analyzed using the following methods: (1) daily averages over 4 weeks, (2) hourly averages (time of day) over 4 weeks, or (3) longitudinal day-to-day changes. RESULTS In total, 129 homes with people living alone (n=27, 20.9%, MCI and n=102, 79.1%, no-MCI homes) and 52 homes with people living as a couple (n=24, 46.2%, MCI and n=28, 53.8%, no-MCI homes) were included with a mean follow-up of 719 (SD 308) days. Using all 3 analysis methods, we found that 2-person homes showed a shorter TOOH, a longer ILSA, and shorter living room and kitchen use. In MCI homes, ILSA was higher in 2-person homes but lower in 1-person homes. The effects of MCI status on other outcomes were only found when using the hourly averages or longitudinal day-to-day changes over time, and they depended on the household type (alone vs residing as a couple). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in-home behavior is different when a participant is living alone compared to when they are living as a couple, meaning that the household type should be considered when studying in-home behavior. The effects of MCI status can be detected with in-home sensors, even in 2-person homes, but data should be analyzed on an hour-to-hour basis or longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Muurling
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wan-Tai M Au-Yeung
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zachary Beattie
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroko Dodge
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel K Rodrigues
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sarah Gothard
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joel S Steele
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Indigenous Health Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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5
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Fradin G, Chamaillé‐Jammes S. Hogs sleep like logs: Wild boars reduce the risk of anthropic disturbance by adjusting where they rest. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10336. [PMID: 37492460 PMCID: PMC10363780 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals living in anthropized landscapes try to avoid encountering people by being active at night. By doing so, however, they risk being disturbed while at rest during the day. To mitigate this risk, diurnally resting species may be highly selective about where they rest. Here, we used GPS and activity sensors to study how wild boars (Sus scrofa) might adjust their resting site selection and revisitation patterns to the risk of disturbance by people. We evaluated the probability of daytime relocation to assess the efficacy of wild boars' resting strategy in reducing the risk of human encounter while at rest. We attempted to identify the cause of some relocations using audio recordings. Generally, we found that wild boars did not specifically avoid resting near villages or roads, that is, where the risk of encountering people is higher, if they could find sites with suitable vegetation cover. The risk of disturbance by people was low, even near villages. Resting sites located close to villages were visited more repeatedly than those located further away, suggesting that focusing on a few familiar and quiet resting sites was a successful strategy for resting undisturbed in an anthropized landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustave Fradin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
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6
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Suárez R, Bluett T, McCullough MH, Avitan L, Black DA, Paolino A, Fenlon LR, Goodhill GJ, Richards LJ. Cortical activity emerges in region-specific patterns during early brain development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208654120. [PMID: 37216522 PMCID: PMC10235933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208654120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of precise neural circuits in the brain requires spontaneous patterns of neural activity prior to functional maturation. In the rodent cerebral cortex, patchwork and wave patterns of activity develop in somatosensory and visual regions, respectively, and are present at birth. However, whether such activity patterns occur in noneutherian mammals, as well as when and how they arise during development, remain open questions relevant for understanding brain formation in health and disease. Since the onset of patterned cortical activity is challenging to study prenatally in eutherians, here we offer an approach in a minimally invasive manner using marsupial dunnarts, whose cortex forms postnatally. We discovered similar patchwork and travelling waves in the dunnart somatosensory and visual cortices at stage 27 (equivalent to newborn mice) and examined earlier stages of development to determine the onset of these patterns and how they first emerge. We observed that these patterns of activity emerge in a region-specific and sequential manner, becoming evident as early as stage 24 in somatosensory and stage 25 in visual cortices (equivalent to embryonic day 16 and 17, respectively, in mice), as cortical layers establish and thalamic axons innervate the cortex. In addition to sculpting synaptic connections of existing circuits, evolutionarily conserved patterns of neural activity could therefore help regulate other early events in cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Tobias Bluett
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Michael H. McCullough
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Lilach Avitan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Dylan A. Black
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Annalisa Paolino
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Laura R. Fenlon
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Goodhill
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
| | - Linda J. Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, BrisbaneQLD4072, Australia
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7
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Tecot SR, Ossello GM, Smith PG, Rakotonirina LHF, Telo A, Rasendry N V, Rakotonirina T E, Peñaherrera-Aguirre M. Diurnal fecal glucocorticoid metabolite rhythms in a cathemeral primate, the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer), and across mammalian species. Am J Primatol 2023:e23521. [PMID: 37254265 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Measuring glucocorticoids is one of the most reliable and widely used techniques to monitor stress responses, however invasive techniques to collect plasma samples may not be applicable for wild populations. Monitoring excreted glucocorticoids is an effective noninvasive technique that researchers have used increasingly over the past two decades, and it has allowed the investigation of glucocorticoids in a variety of species with a range of activity patterns. Many species exhibit predictable circadian patterns of glucocorticoid secretion in accordance with their daily activity pattern. There remains a gap in our understanding of how excreted glucocorticoid metabolites vary throughout the day and across species, despite the utility of this information when developing sampling protocols and analyzing data. We investigated circadian patterns of glucocorticoid excretion in a cathemeral primate species, Eulemur rubriventer (red-bellied lemur), in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. We collected fecal samples from 10 individuals throughout the day and analyzed fecal glucocorticoid levels across three time points (Early, Midday, and Late), and again across two time points (Morning and Afternoon). We also investigated whether activity pattern, sex (as a control variable), and other traits associated with gut passage rate (diet, body mass) could help predict the presence and timing of circadian patterns of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites across mammal species. We found that fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in E. rubriventer fluctuate throughout the day, with lowest levels in the morning and peak levels in the afternoon. None of the variables that we tested predicted whether daily fecal glucocorticoid metabolites changed significantly throughout the day, nor when levels were likely to peak, across species. We stress the importance of controlling for sampling time and reporting these results as standard practice in studies of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey R Tecot
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Laboratory for the Evolutionary Endocrinology of Primates, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gianna M Ossello
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Paige G Smith
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Laingoniaina H F Rakotonirina
- The Aspinall Foundation, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Animal Behavior, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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8
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Suárez R, Bluett T, McCullough MH, Avitan L, Black DA, Paolino A, Fenlon LR, Goodhill GJ, Richards LJ. Cortical activity emerges in region-specific patterns during early brain development. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.18.529078. [PMID: 36824827 PMCID: PMC9949140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of precise neural circuits in the brain requires spontaneous patterns of neural activity prior to functional maturation. In the rodent cerebral cortex patchwork and wave patterns of activity develop in somatosensory and visual regions, respectively, and are present at birth. However, whether such activity patterns occur in non-eutherian mammals, as well as when and how they arise during development remain open questions relevant to understand brain formation in health and disease. Since the onset of patterned cortical activity is challenging to study prenatally in eutherians, here we offer a new approach in a minimally invasive manner using marsupial dunnarts, whose cortex forms postnatally. We discovered similar patchwork and travelling waves in the dunnart somatosensory and visual cortices at stage 27 (equivalent to newborn mice), and examined progressively earlier stages of development to determine their onset and how they first emerge. We observed that these patterns of activity emerge in a region-specific and sequential manner, becoming evident as early as stage 24 in somatosensory and stage 25 in visual cortices (equivalent to embryonic day 16 and 17, respectively, in mice), as cortical layers establish and thalamic axons innervate the cortex. In addition to sculpting synaptic connections of existing circuits, evolutionarily conserved patterns of neural activity could therefore help regulate early events in cortical development. Significance Statement Region-specific patterns of neural activity are present at birth in rodents and are thought to refine synaptic connections during critical periods of cerebral cortex development. Marsupials are born much more immature than rodents, allowing the investigation of how these patterns arise in vivo. We discovered that cortical activity patterns are remarkably similar in marsupial dunnarts and rodents, and that they emerge very early, before cortical neurogenesis is complete. Moreover, they arise from the outset in different patterns specific to somatosensory and visual areas (i.e., patchworks and waves) indicating they may also play evolutionarily conserved roles in cortical regionalization during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tobias Bluett
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lilach Avitan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dylan A. Black
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annalisa Paolino
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura R. Fenlon
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Goodhill
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linda J. Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences; Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Osugi S, Baek S, Naganuma T, Tochigi K, Allen ML, Koike S. The effect of decreasing human activity from COVID-19 on the foraging of fallen fruit by omnivores. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9657. [PMID: 36582777 PMCID: PMC9790803 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a lockdown was implemented in many cities around the world to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a significant cessation of human activity which have had a variety of impacts on wildlife. But in many cases, due to limited pre-lockdown information, and there are limited studies of how lockdowns have specifically affected behaviors. Foraging behavior is inherently linked to fitness and survival, is particularly affected by changes in temporal activity, and the influence of human disturbance on foraging behavior can be assessed quantitatively based on foraging duration and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how the fruit-foraging behaviors of two omnivores, the Japanese badger (Meles anakuma) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), were influenced by the decrease of human activity associated with lockdowns. Specifically, by comparing to a previous study in 2019-2020, we attempted to determine (1) whether foraging behavior increases during the daytime? (2) whether the duration of foraging per visit increases? and (3) what factors animals select for in fruiting trees? The results of the initial investigation showed that the foraging behavior of both species in 2019 was almost exclusively restricted to the nighttime. But as opportunities for foraging behavior without human interference increased in 2020 due to the lockdown, both species (but especially raccoon dogs) showed substantial changes in their activity patterns to be more diurnal. The duration of foraging per visit also increased in 2020 for both species, and the selection during foraging for both species shifted from selecting trees that provided greater cover in 2019 to trees with high fruit production in 2020. Our results show how human activity directly affects the foraging behavior of wildlife in an urban landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Osugi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, TokyoJapan
| | - Seungyun Baek
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, TokyoJapan
| | - Tomoko Naganuma
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, TokyoJapan
| | - Kahoko Tochigi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, TokyoJapan
| | | | - Shinsuke Koike
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, TokyoJapan
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10
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Thapa K, Subba SA, Thapa GJ, Dewan K, Acharya BP, Bohara D, Subedi S, Karki MT, Gotame B, Paudel G, Bhatta SR, Jnawali SR, Malla S. Wildlife in climate refugia: Mammalian diversity, occupancy, and tiger distribution in the Western Himalayas, Nepal. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9600. [PMID: 36514544 PMCID: PMC9731921 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic land-use change continues to be predicated as a major driver of terrestrial biodiversity loss for the rest of this century. It has been determined that the effect of climate change on wildlife population will accelerate the rate and process of decline of global vertebrate populations. We investigated wildlife composition, occupancy, and activity pattern along the larger climate resilient forests that serve as microrefugia for a wide range of species under the escalating climate change. We used camera trap survey covering 250 km2 of climate microrefugia in Dadeldhura hills in far western region of Nepal. We used 62 trapping locations accumulating 1800 trap nights taking 98,916 photographs in 62 days-survey period during the summer season of 2020. We photographed 23 mammalian species with estimated species richness of 30 species (95% CI: 25-34) based on multi-species occupancy model. We estimated overall species occupancy ψ(SE(ψ)) to be 0.87 (0.09) in climatic microrefugia. While human activity predominated throughout the day, the majority of animals was found to exhibit nocturnal temporal patterns. Tiger and hyaena, two of the top predators, were newly discovered in the western Himalayan range of Nepal, with their discovery at the 34 highest elevations of 2511 meters and 2000m, respectively. In Nepal, high-altitude tiger range is characterized by tiger distribution above a 2000 m cutoff representing habitats in the physiographic zone of high mountains and above. Our findings establish a baseline and show that the climatic microrefugia that have been identified have high levels of species richness and occupancy, which characterize the Dadeldhura hill forest ranges as biologically varied and ecologically significant habitat. These areas identified as climatic microrefugia habitats should be the focus of conservation efforts, particularly efforts to reduce human disturbance and adapt to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suman Subedi
- Ministry of Forests and EnvironmentKathmanduNepal
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11
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Scott JE. Variation in macroevolutionary dynamics among extant primates. Am J Biol Anthropol 2022; 179:405-416. [PMCID: PMC9826261 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study examines how speciation and extinction rates vary across primates, with a focus on the recent macroevolutionary dynamics that have shaped extant primate biodiversity. Materials and methods Lineage‐specific macroevolutionary rates were estimated for each tip in a tree containing 307 species using a hidden‐state likelihood model. Differences in tip rates among major clades were evaluated using phylogenetic ANOVA. Differences among diurnal, nocturnal, and cathemeral lineages were also evaluated, based on previous work indicating that activity pattern influences primate diversification. Results Rate variation in extant primates is low within clades and high between clades. As in previous studies, cercopithecoids stand out in having high net diversification rates, driven by high speciation rates and very low extinction rates. Platyrrhines combine high speciation and high extinction rates, giving them high rates of lineage turnover. Strepsirrhines and tarsiids have low rates of speciation, extinction, turnover, and net diversification. Hominoids are intermediate between platyrrhines and the strepsirrhine‐tarsiid group, and there is evidence for differentiation between hominids and hylobatids. Diurnal lineages have significantly higher speciation rates than nocturnal lineages. Conclusions Recent anthropoid macroevolution has been characterized by marked variation in diversification dynamics among clades. Strepsirrhines and tarsiids are more uniform, despite divergent evolutionary and biogeographic histories. Higher speciation rates in diurnal lineages may be driven by greater ecological opportunity or reliance on visual signals for mate recognition. However, the differences among anthropoids indicate that factors other than activity pattern (e.g., clade competition, historical contingency) have had a more influential role in shaping recent primate diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah E. Scott
- Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the PacificWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Salvatori M, Oberosler V, Augugliaro C, Krofel M, Rovero F. Effects of free-ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2644. [PMID: 35471769 PMCID: PMC9788037 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased in recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land-use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence of livestock herds affects the community of wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas of the Mongolian Altai Mountains to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence and the interspecific relationships within a mammalian community that includes different categories of livestock. By adopting a recently proposed multispecies occupancy model that incorporates interspecific correlation in occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations in occupancy among species pairs, with the majority involving livestock. The sign of such associations was markedly species-dependent, with larger wild species of conservation concern, namely, snow leopard and Siberian ibex, avoiding livestock presence. As predicted, we found evidence of a positive correlation in occupancy between predators and their respective main prey. Contrary to our expectations, a number of intraguild species pairs also showed positive co-occurrence, with no evidence of spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, our study suggests that livestock encroaching into protected areas influences the whole local community of wild mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted with wildlife for millennia in central Asian grasslands, our findings suggest that policies and practices to decrease the pressure of livestock husbandry on wildlife are needed, with special attention on large species, such as the snow leopard and its wild prey, which seem to be particularly sensitive to this pervasive livestock presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvatori
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly
- MUSE ‐ Science Museum of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | | | - Claudio Augugliaro
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Wildlife Initiative NGOUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Miha Krofel
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly
- MUSE ‐ Science Museum of TrentoTrentoItaly
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Kooros SJ, Goossens B, Sterck EHM, Kenderdine R, Malim PT, Ramirez Saldivar DA, Stark DJ. External environmental conditions impact nocturnal activity levels in proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) living in Sabah, Malaysia. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23423. [PMID: 35848355 PMCID: PMC9540267 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several diurnal nonhuman anthropoids have been identified displaying varying degrees of nocturnal activity, which can be influenced by activity “masking effects”—external events or conditions that suppress or trigger activity, temporarily altering normal activity patterns. Environmental masking characteristics include nocturnal temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, and moon brightness. Similarly, other ecological characteristics, including proximity to humans and predators and daytime activity, may also trigger or suppress nocturnal activity. Understanding the effects of external conditions on activity patterns is pertinent to effective species conservation. We investigated the presence of nocturnal activity and the influence of masking effects on the level of nocturnal activity displayed by wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Dual‐axis accelerometers were attached by collar to six male proboscis monkeys from different one‐male, multi‐female groups to record activity continuously (165–401 days each). We measured the monkeys' nocturnal and diurnal activity levels and investigated the effects of seven potential masking effects. Nocturnal activity was much lower than diurnal activity. Still, proboscis monkeys did display varying levels of nocturnal activity. Generalized linear mixed models identified higher nocturnal activity in the study individuals during nights with cooler temperatures, higher rainfall, and after higher diurnal activity. These three masking effects affected nocturnal activity levels during the observation period that informed our model, although they did not predict nocturnal activity outside of this period. While the generalizability of these results remains uncertain, this study highlights the utility of accelerometers in identifying activity patterns and masking effects that create variability in these patterns. Six male proboscis monkeys displayed low levels of nocturnal activity, consistent with a diurnal activity pattern. Nocturnal activity in five of these male proboscis monkeys increased during nights that had cooler temperatures, higher rainfall, and after higher daytime activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Kooros
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisabeth H M Sterck
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter T Malim
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A Ramirez Saldivar
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Danica J Stark
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Kawamura K, Jimbo M, Adachi K, Shirane Y, Nakanishi M, Umemura Y, Ishinazaka T, Uno H, Sashika M, Tsubota T, Shimozuru M. Diel and monthly activity pattern of brown bears and sika deer in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1146-1156. [PMID: 35811130 PMCID: PMC9412065 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals exhibit several types of diel activity pattern, including nocturnal, diurnal,
crepuscular, and cathemeral. These patterns vary inter- and intra-specifically and are
affected by environmental factors, individual status, and interactions with other
individuals or species. Determining the factors that shape diel activity patterns is
challenging but essential for understanding the behavioral ecology of animal species, and
for wildlife conservation and management. Using camera-trap surveys, we investigated the
species distributions and activity patterns of terrestrial mammals on the Shiretoko
Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, with particular focus on brown bears and sika deer. From June
to October 2019, a total of 7,530 observations were recorded by 65 camera-traps for eight
species, including two alien species. The diel activity pattern of brown bears was
diurnal/crepuscular, similar to that of bears in North America, but different from
European populations. Bear observations were more frequent during the autumnal hyperphagia
period, and adult females and sub-adults were more diurnal than adult males. In addition,
bears inside the protected area were more diurnal than those outside it. These findings
suggest that appetite motivation, competitive interactions between conspecifics, and human
activities potentially affect bear activity patterns. Similar to other sika deer
populations and other deer species, the diel activity patterns of sika deer were
crepuscular. Deer showed less variation in activity patterns among months and sex-age
classes, while adult males were observed more frequently during the autumn copulation
period, suggesting that reproductive motivation affects their activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawamura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Mina Jimbo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Yuri Shirane
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University.,Hokkaido Research Organization
| | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Uno
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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15
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Pietraszewski P, Gołaś A, Krzysztofik M. Comparison of Muscle Activity During 200 m Indoor Curve and Straight Sprinting in Elite Female Sprinters. J Hum Kinet 2021; 80:309-16. [PMID: 34868438 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether peak surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude of selected lower limb muscles differed during a) curve and straight sprinting, b) sprinting in inside and outside lanes between lower limbs. Eleven well-trained female sprinters (personal best: 24.1 ± 1.1 s) were included in a randomized within-subject design study, in which participants underwent two experimental conditions: all-out 200 m indoor sprints in the innermost and outermost lane. Peak sEMG amplitude was recorded bilaterally from gastrocnemius medialis, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis muscles. Left gastrocnemius medialis peak sEMG amplitude was significantly higher than for the right leg muscle during curve (p = 0.011) and straight sprinting (p < 0.001) when sprinting in the inside lane, and also significantly higher when sprinting in the inside vs. outside lane for both curve and straight sprinting (p = 0.037 and p = 0.027, respectively). Moreover, left biceps femoris peak sEMG amplitude was significantly higher during straight sprinting in the inside vs. outside lane (p = 0.006). Furthermore, right and left vastus lateralis peak sEMG amplitude was significantly higher during curve sprinting in the inside lane (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and for the left leg muscle peak sEMG amplitude was significantly higher during curve compared to straight sprinting in the outside lane (p = 0.024). Results indicate that curve sprinting creates greater demands mainly for the gastrocnemius medialis of the inner than the outer leg, but the degree of these requirements seems to depend on the radius of the curve, thus significant changes were noted during sprinting in the inside lane, but not in the outside lane.
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16
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Mekruksavanich S, Jitpattanakul A. Deep Learning Approaches for Continuous Authentication Based on Activity Patterns Using Mobile Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7519. [PMID: 34833591 DOI: 10.3390/s21227519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Smartphones as ubiquitous gadgets are rapidly becoming more intelligent and context-aware as sensing, networking, and processing capabilities advance. These devices provide users with a comprehensive platform to undertake activities such as socializing, communicating, sending and receiving e-mails, and storing and accessing personal data at any time and from any location. Nowadays, smartphones are used to store a multitude of private and sensitive data including bank account information, personal identifiers, account passwords and credit card information. Many users remain permanently signed in and, as a result, their mobile devices are vulnerable to security and privacy risks through assaults by criminals. Passcodes, PINs, pattern locks, facial verification, and fingerprint scans are all susceptible to various assaults including smudge attacks, side-channel attacks, and shoulder-surfing attacks. To solve these issues, this research introduces a new continuous authentication framework called DeepAuthen, which identifies smartphone users based on their physical activity patterns as measured by the accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer sensors on their smartphone. We conducted a series of tests on user authentication using several deep learning classifiers, including our proposed deep learning network termed DeepConvLSTM on the three benchmark datasets UCI-HAR, WISDM-HARB and HMOG. Results demonstrated that combining various motion sensor data obtained the highest accuracy and energy efficiency ratio (EER) values for binary classification. We also conducted a thorough examination of the continuous authentication outcomes, and the results supported the efficacy of our framework.
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17
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Migli D, Astaras C, Boutsis G, Diakou A, Karantanis NE, Youlatos D. Spatial Ecology and Diel Activity of European Wildcat ( Felis silvestris) in a Protected Lowland Area in Northern Greece. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3030. [PMID: 34827762 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The European wildcat is a species of conservation concern protected across its range in Europe, where it occurs in five discontinuous populations. The Balkan population has received little attention, making it difficult to assess whether the ecological traits reported for other populations apply also to this population. This hampers the development of targeted conservation measures. The present study reports the first findings on the spatial ecology and daily activity pattern of wildcats in a human modified landscape in Greece, using cutting edge data loggers attached to wildcat collars. In Greece, wildcat home range sizes are within the range of those reported for other populations. Male wildcats are active primarily at night and near dawn and dusk, as is typical for the species. However, the activity of some females varied from this pattern in late spring, in ways expected for wildcats, caring for offspring at a den. Overall, our findings help fill the ecological knowledge gap of the species in Greece and suggest that lowland agricultural areas with patches of natural habitats may have a significant role in the future conservation of the species. Abstract The Balkan populations of the European wildcat are among the least studied. This study reports the first findings on the spatial ecology and activity pattern of the wildcat in Greece and compares them to those of better studied northern populations. We fitted five wildcats (two males, three females) with collars containing GPS and accelerometer loggers (E-obs 1A) and collected data from fall to early summer. All animals moved within a mosaic of lowland agricultural fields, woodland patches, riparian forests and wetlands near the banks of a lake. The trapping rate was the highest reported for the species. The home range sizes, estimated using Brownian bridge movement models, ranged from 0.94 to 3.08 km2 for females and from 1.22 to 4.43 km2 for males. Based on overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) values estimated from the accelerometer data, the diel activity of male wildcats followed the species’ typical nocturnal pattern with crepuscular peaks. Female activity varied seasonally, at times being cathemeral. We found only weak effects of environmental variables on wildcat activity, and no significant difference in the activity in open versus forested areas. Our findings suggest that human modified landscapes can play a significant role in the conservation of this typically forest-associated species.
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18
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Wong Fong Sang IE, Schroer J, Halbhuber L, Warm D, Yang JW, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W, Sinning A. Optogenetically Controlled Activity Pattern Determines Survival Rate of Developing Neocortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6575. [PMID: 34205237 PMCID: PMC8235092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial proportion of neurons undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis) during early development. This process is attenuated by increased levels of neuronal activity and enhanced by suppression of activity. To uncover whether the mere level of activity or also the temporal structure of electrical activity affects neuronal death rates, we optogenetically controlled spontaneous activity of synaptically-isolated neurons in developing cortical cultures. Our results demonstrate that action potential firing of primary cortical neurons promotes neuronal survival throughout development. Chronic patterned optogenetic stimulation allowed to effectively modulate the firing pattern of single neurons in the absence of synaptic inputs while maintaining stable overall activity levels. Replacing the burst firing pattern with a non-physiological, single pulse pattern significantly increased cell death rates as compared to physiological burst stimulation. Furthermore, physiological burst stimulation led to an elevated peak in intracellular calcium and an increase in the expression level of classical activity-dependent targets but also decreased Bax/BCL-2 expression ratio and reduced caspase 3/7 activity. In summary, these results demonstrate at the single-cell level that the temporal pattern of action potentials is critical for neuronal survival versus cell death fate during cortical development, besides the pro-survival effect of action potential firing per se.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Sinning
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (I.E.W.F.S.); (J.S.); (L.H.); (D.W.); (J.-W.Y.); (H.J.L.); (W.K.)
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19
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Liu J, Cai P, Dong J, Wang J, Li R, Song X. Assessment of the Dynamic Exposure to PM 2.5 Based on Hourly Cell Phone Location and Land Use Regression Model in Beijing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5884. [PMID: 34070868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal locations of large populations are difficult to clearly characterize using traditional exposure assessment, mainly due to their complicated daily intraurban activities. This study aimed to extract hourly locations for the total population of Beijing based on cell phone data and assess their dynamic exposure to ambient PM2.5. The locations of residents were located by the cellular base stations that were keeping in contact with their cell phones. The diurnal activity pattern of the total population was investigated through the dynamic spatial distribution of all of the cell phones. The outdoor PM2.5 concentration was predicted in detail using a land use regression (LUR) model. The hourly PM2.5 map was overlapped with the hourly distribution of people for dynamic PM2.5 exposure estimation. For the mobile-derived total population, the mean level of PM2.5 exposure was 89.5 μg/m3 during the period from 2013 to 2015, which was higher than that reported for the census population (87.9 μg/m3). The hourly activity pattern showed that more than 10% of the total population commuted into the center of Beijing (e.g., the 5th ring road) during the daytime. On average, the PM2.5 concentration at workplaces was generally higher than in residential areas. The dynamic PM2.5 exposure pattern also varied with seasons. This study exhibited the strengths of mobile location in deriving the daily spatiotemporal activity patterns of the population in a megacity. This technology would refine future exposure assessment, including either small group cohort studies or city-level large population assessments.
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20
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Kańtoch E, Kańtoch A. Cardiovascular and Pre-Frailty Risk Assessment during Shelter-In-Place Measures Based on Multimodal Biomarkers Collected from Smart Telemedical Wearables. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091997. [PMID: 34066571 PMCID: PMC8125204 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable devices play a growing role in healthcare applications and disease prevention. We conducted a retrospective study to assess cardiovascular and pre-frailty risk during the Covid-19 shelter-in-place measures on human activity patterns based on multimodal biomarkers collected from smartwatch sensors. For methodology validation we enrolled five adult participants (age range: 32 to 84 years; mean 57 ± 22.38; BMI: 27.80 ± 2.95 kg/m2) categorized by age who were smartwatch users and self-isolating at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. Resting heart rate, daily steps, and minutes asleep were recorded using smartwatch sensors. Overall, we created a dataset of 464 days of continuous measurement that included 50 days of self-isolation at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. Student’s t-test was used to determine significant differences between the pre-Covid-19 and Covid-19 periods. Our findings suggest that there was a significant decrease in the number of daily steps (−57.21%; −4321; 95% CI, 3722 to 4920) and resting heart rate (−4.81%; −3.04; 95% CI, 2.59 to 3.51) during the period of self−isolation compared to the time before lockdown. We found that there was a significant decrease in the number of minutes asleep (−13.48%; −57.91; 95% CI, 16.33 to 99.49) among older adults. Finally, cardiovascular and pre-frailty risk scores were calculated based on biomarkers and evaluated from the clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliasz Kańtoch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kańtoch
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
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21
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Sánchez-Pay A, Sanz-Rivas D. Competitive Evolution of Professional Wheelchair Tennis from the Paralympic Games in Athens 2004 to Rio 2016: An Observational Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18063157. [PMID: 33803833 PMCID: PMC8003319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the activity pattern and technical-tactical parameters of men's wheelchair tennis matches from the Paralympic Games (PG) in Athens 2004 (A), Beijing 2008 (B), London 2012 (L) and Rio 2016 (R). A total of 5702 shots from twelve final round matches were analysed. Activity patterns (e.g., rally duration, shots per rally…) and technical effectivity (e.g., errors, winners…) were recorded. An ANOVA test with post hoc pairwise comparisons was conducted to compare the mean differences among matches of different PG. Game duration, points and shots per game differed according to the PG (R and L > B and A). Rally duration (p < 0.001) and shots per rally (p < 0.001) were longer at R and L than B and A. The effectivity of the last shots was different, the errors have been increasing and the winners have been decreasing. The main finding indicates that activity patterns and technical parameters have evolved mainly between A and B to L and R. This study gives an overview of the development of the sport over time, and coaches can use this information to adapt their training sessions to the current needs of the competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, C/Argentina, s/n, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-889-297
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22
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Górnicka M, Hamulka J, Wadolowska L, Kowalkowska J, Kostyra E, Tomaszewska M, Czeczelewski J, Bronkowska M. Activity-Inactivity Patterns, Screen Time, and Physical Activity: The Association with Overweight, Central Obesity and Muscle Strength in Polish Teenagers. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7842. [PMID: 33114707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Today, the time spent actively is increasingly being replaced by screen-based media, although in some teenagers, a high level of physical activity (PA) and longer time spent in front of a screen (screen time, ST) may coexist as a mixed behavioral pattern. This study aimed to examine the association of the pattern created as activity (low/high ST with high PA) and inactivity patterns (low/high ST with low PA) with overweight, central obesity, and muscle strength in Polish teenagers taking into consideration socioeconomic and demographic factors. Cross-sectional data were collected from elementary school children (n = 1567), aged 11–13 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and handgrip strength were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the overweight measure, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated as the central obesity measure. Data on ST, PA, socioeconomic status, demographics, and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. Activity–inactivity patterns were defined by an a priori approach. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was applied. The most active pattern (lowST-highPA) was found in 17% of the total sample. Teenagers with the most inactive pattern (highST-lowPA) had over four times higher chance of general overweight. No association between WHtR ≥0.5 and highST-highPA pattern was found. Higher muscle strength (>1 SD) was associated only with high physical activity. Urban residence or lower socioeconomic status increased adherence to the most inactive pattern. From a public health perspective, implementing interventions promoting active patterns in 11–13-year-old teenagers is important for obesity prevention and enhanced physical fitness, especially in girls, teenagers living in urban areas, and from families with lower socio-economic status.
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23
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Vilella M, Ferrandiz‐Rovira M, Sayol F. Coexistence of predators in time: Effects of season and prey availability on species activity within a Mediterranean carnivore guild. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11408-11422. [PMID: 33144974 PMCID: PMC7593183 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of coexistence among predators can determine the structure of ecological communities. Niche partitioning is a common strategy applied by species to enhance their coexistence. Diet, habitat, or time use can be responsible for segregation among carnivore species, the latter factor being the least studied in Mediterranean ecosystems. Terrestrial medium-sized carnivores (i.e., mesocarnivores) carry out important functions in ecosystems, and identifying their interactions is essential for their conservation.In this study, we explore the activity of a terrestrial mesocarnivore guild in order to determine seasonal differences in daily activity patterns of competitors and prey. We also investigate how the abundance of a common mesocarnivore prey in the region, small mammals, influences the activity of predators.During a year, camera trap devices (n = 18) were installed in Montseny Natural Park (Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, North-East Iberian Peninsula), a region that hosts five mesocarnivore species. Camera trapping detections were used to estimate their daily activity patterns and corresponding overlaps. We also surveyed small mammal plots (n = 5) in order to calculate prey abundance and test its effect on the relative activity of each carnivore species.Despite all target mesocarnivores are mainly nocturnal, the activity overlap among them varies according to species particularities and season. Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) appears as a generalist species in terms of time use, whereas stone marten (Martes foina) and genet (Genetta genetta) show the most similar activity patterns and both of them seem to be positively influenced by small mammal abundance. Overall, the diversity found in the way mesocarnivore species use time could facilitate their coexistence.Despite activity pattern similarities among carnivore species should not be directly translated to negative interactions, they can have a strong influence in habitat and resource-limited ecosystems. Therefore, activity overlaps should be taken into account when discussing wildlife management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vilella
- Delegació d’Osona (GNO‐ICHN)Institució Catalana d’Història NaturalVicSpain
| | - Mariona Ferrandiz‐Rovira
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Ferran Sayol
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
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24
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Helle T, Joho T, Kaptain RJ, Kottorp A. Activity repertoires and time use in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 28:564-570. [PMID: 32631116 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1782982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the dynamics and aspects of how activity choices impact health and well-being in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is important to inform rehabilitation. AIM To describe, firstly, how much time people living with COPD spend on work, daily living tasks, recreation and rest; secondly, how this population perceived competence, importance and enjoyment related to these activities; thirdly, if differences in such perceptions and time use were associated with the living situation and COPD severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 76 participants (+45 years, COPD, living in ordinary homes), who completed the Occupational Questionnaire (OQ). Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were performed. RESULTS Most of the participants' time were spent on daily living activities and recreational activities. Participants spent approx. 80% of their recorded time in OQ on activities they valued, enjoyed and in which they felt competent. Participants living alone scored significantly lower on enjoyment in restful activities than those living in couples (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in perceived competence, importance or enjoyment was found in relation to COPD severity. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Findings underscore the importance of targeting overall daily activity repertoires including compositions of activity types, time use and perceived competence, importance and enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Helle
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University College North, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanja Joho
- Zurich Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rina Juel Kaptain
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University College North, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kottorp
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Finch D, Smith BR, Marshall C, Coomber FG, Kubasiewicz LM, Anderson M, Wright PGR, Mathews F. Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on European Hedgehog Activity at Supplementary Feeding Stations. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050768. [PMID: 32354129 PMCID: PMC7278375 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Artificial light at night (ALAN) can have negative consequences for a wide range of taxa. However, the effects on nocturnal mammals other than bats are poorly understood. A citizen science camera trapping experiment was therefore used to assess the effect of ALAN on the activity of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) at supplementary feeding stations in UK gardens. A crossover design was implemented at 33 gardens with two treatments-artificial light and darkness-each of which lasted for one week. The order of treatment depended on the existing lighting regime at the feeding station: dark treatments were applied first at dark feeding stations, whereas light treatments were used first where the station was already illuminated. Although temporal changes in activity patterns in response to the treatments were noted in some individuals, the direction of the effects was not consistent. Similarly, there was no overall impact of ALAN on the presence or feeding activities of hedgehogs in gardens where supplementary feeding stations were present. These findings are somewhat reassuring insofar as they demonstrate no net negative effect on a species thought to be in decline, in scenarios where the animals are already habituated to supplementary feeding. However, further research is needed to examine long-term effects and the effects of lighting on hedgehog prey, reproductive success and predation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall Finch
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK; (D.F.); (F.G.C.); (M.A.); (P.G.R.W.)
| | | | | | - Frazer G. Coomber
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK; (D.F.); (F.G.C.); (M.A.); (P.G.R.W.)
- Mammal Society, London E9 6EJ, UK; (B.R.S.); (C.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | | | - Max Anderson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK; (D.F.); (F.G.C.); (M.A.); (P.G.R.W.)
| | - Patrick G. R. Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK; (D.F.); (F.G.C.); (M.A.); (P.G.R.W.)
- Mammal Society, London E9 6EJ, UK; (B.R.S.); (C.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Fiona Mathews
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK; (D.F.); (F.G.C.); (M.A.); (P.G.R.W.)
- Mammal Society, London E9 6EJ, UK; (B.R.S.); (C.M.); (L.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Delord K, Kato A, Tarroux A, Orgeret F, Cotté C, Ropert-Coudert Y, Cherel Y, Descamps S. Antarctic petrels 'on the ice rocks': wintering strategy of an Antarctic seabird. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:191429. [PMID: 32431861 PMCID: PMC7211841 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the foraging ecology, especially individual use of sea-ice features and icebergs, over the non-breeding season in many seabird species. Using geolocators and stable isotopes, we defined the movements, distribution and diet of adult Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica from the largest known breeding colony, the inland Svarthamaren, Antarctica. More specifically, we examined how sea-ice concentration and free-drifting icebergs affect the distribution of Antarctic petrels. After breeding, birds moved north to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Weddell sector of the Southern Ocean, following its northward extension during freeze-up in April, and they wintered there in April-August. There, the birds stayed predominantly out of the water (60-80% of the time) suggesting they use icebergs as platforms to stand on and/or to rest. Feather δ15N values encompassed one full trophic level, indicating that birds fed on various proportions of crustaceans and fish/squid, most likely Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and the myctophid fish Electrona antarctica and/or the squid Psychroteuthis glacialis. Birds showed strong affinity for the open waters of the northern boundary of the MIZ, an important iceberg transit area, which offers roosting opportunities and rich prey fields. The strong association of Antarctic petrels with sea-ice cycle and icebergs suggests the species can serve, year-round, as a sentinel of environmental changes for this remote region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - A. Kato
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - A. Tarroux
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - F. Orgeret
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela, University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - C. Cotté
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentation et Approches Numériques, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Y. Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Y. Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - S. Descamps
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Quinn TD, Pettee Gabriel K, Siddique J, Aaby D, Whitaker KM, Lane-Cordova A, Sidney S, Sternfield B, Barone Gibbs B. Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Across Occupational Classifications. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:247-256. [PMID: 31726849 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119885518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine differences in activity patterns across employment and occupational classifications. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING A 2005-2006 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. SAMPLE Participants with valid accelerometry data (n = 2068). MEASURES Uniaxial accelerometry data (ActiGraph 7164), accumulated during waking hours, were summarized as mean activity counts (counts/min) and time spent (min/d) in long-bout sedentary (≥30 minutes, SED≥30), short-bout sedentary (<30 minutes, SED<30), light physical activity (LPA), short-bout moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (<10 minutes, MVPA<10), and long-bout MVPA (≥10 minutes, MVPA≥10) using Freedson cut-points. Employment status was self-reported as full time, part time, unemployed, keeping house, or raising children. Self-reported job duties were categorized into 23 major groups using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification. ANALYSIS Omnibus differences were analyzed using adjusted analysis of covariance and repeated after stratification by race (black/white) and sex (female/male). RESULTS SED≥30, SED<30, LPA, and MVPA<10 differed significantly by employment and occupational categories (P ≤ .05), while MVPA≥10 did not (P ≥ .50). SED≥30, SED<30, and LPA differed by occupational classification in men, women, blacks, and whites (P < .05). Mean activity counts, MVPA<10, and MVPA≥10 were significantly different across occupational classifications in whites (P ≤ .05), but not in blacks (P > .05). Significant differences in mean activity counts and MVPA<10 across occupational classifications were found in males (P ≤ .001), but not in females (P > .05). CONCLUSION Time within activity intensity categories differs across employment and occupational classifications and by race and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Quinn
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Juned Siddique
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Aaby
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Abbi Lane-Cordova
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Sternfield
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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Tang X, Tang S, Li X, Menghe D, Bao W, Xiang C, Gao F, Bao W. A Study of Population Size and Activity Patterns and Their Relationship to the Prey Species of the Eurasian Lynx Using a Camera Trapping Approach. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110864. [PMID: 31731502 PMCID: PMC6912215 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing the behavioral relationships between predators and their prey is fundamental in understanding the community structure and ecosystem functions of such animals. This study aimed at detecting the population size and activity patterns of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) (along with its prey) by camera trapping monitoring from 2014 to 2017 at the Saihanwula nature reserve in central Inner Mongolia. The total effective trapping days were 29,892 and 20 lynx were identified from 343 trapping photos based on the inner side patterns of their forelimbs. The daily activity rhythms of the lynx overlapped with those of different prey in different seasons. The yearly activity pattern of the lynx was influenced by its main prey's biology. In conclusion, this study reveals that the activity patterns of the top predator matched those of its prey in different time periods. Habitat management strategies promoting the restoration of prey communities would benefit the lynx in maintaining a stable community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Tang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.T.); (S.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Shupei Tang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.T.); (S.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Chifeng Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chifeng 024000, China;
| | - Dalai Menghe
- Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Daban 025150, China; (D.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Wuliji Bao
- Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Daban 025150, China; (D.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Changlin Xiang
- Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Daban 025150, China; (D.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Fuli Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.T.); (S.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Weidong Bao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.T.); (S.T.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Kadar J, Ladds M, Mourier J, Day J, Brown C. Acoustic accelerometry reveals diel activity patterns in premigratory Port Jackson sharks. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8933-8944. [PMID: 31462992 PMCID: PMC6706188 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing the factors that influence activity within a species advances understanding of their behavior and ecology. Continuous observation in the marine environment is not feasible but biotelemetry devices provide an opportunity for detailed analysis of movements and activity patterns. This study investigated the detail that calibration of accelerometers measuring root mean square (RMS) acceleration with video footage can add to understanding the activity patterns of male and female Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) in a captive environment. Linear regression was used to relate RMS acceleration output to time-matched behavior captured on video to quantify diel activity patterns. To validate captive data, diel patterns from captive sharks were compared with diel movement data from free-ranging sharks using passive acoustic tracking. The RMS acceleration data showed captive sharks exhibited nocturnal diel patterns peaking during the late evening before midnight and decreasing before sunrise. Correlation analysis revealed that captive animals displayed similar activity patterns to free-ranging sharks. The timing of wild shark departures for migration in the late breeding season corresponded with elevated diel activity at night within the captive individuals, suggesting a form of migratory restlessness in captivity. By directly relating RMS acceleration output to activity level, we show that sex, time of day, and sex-specific seasonal behavior all influenced activity levels. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence that RMS acceleration data are a promising method to determine activity patterns of cryptic marine animals and can provide more detailed information when validated in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kadar
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityMarsfieldAustralia
| | - Monique Ladds
- Department of ConservationNational OfficeWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Johann Mourier
- UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer Univ. Montpellier, CNRS)SèteFrance
| | - Joanna Day
- Taronga Conservation Society AustraliaMosmanAustralia
| | - Culum Brown
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityMarsfieldAustralia
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Eguizábal GV, Palme R, Superina M, Asencio CJ, García Capocasa MC, Busso JM. Characterization and correlations of behavioral and adrenocortical activities of zoo-housed lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla). Zoo Biol 2019; 38:334-342. [PMID: 31173396 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We characterized behavioral and adrenocortical activities of Tamandua tetradactyla under human care driven by the hypothesis that they vary between males and females. We also assessed the potential association between natural or abnormal behaviors and adrenocortical activity. We kept females and males T. tetradactyla in individual, contiguous enclosures at Córdoba Zoo (Argentina), under natural photoperiod and temperature. During 29 consecutive days we monitored the animals' behavior by recording their activity pattern every 5 min using infrared cameras (8352 records/individual). We collected all feces and measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) with an 11-oxoaetiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay. We found individual differences in all behavioral variables. We detected that females exhibited lower total activity than males (23.8 ± 0.2% and 32.3 ± 0.3%, respectively; p = .005). Females were more active at night and males during the day (p < .05) and exhibited less abnormal behaviors than males (p = .05). Although we did not find sex-related differences for average FGM, we detected individual differences (p < .0001). We found that daily FGM showed negative (-0.39) and positive (0.38) correlations with natural and abnormal behaviors, respectively (p < .0001). Thus, we consider that individual input and sex are factors to be considered in stress responses of the species in captivity. Natural and abnormal behaviors may demand different levels of adrenocortical activity. Our findings may prove useful as normative data for ex situ management of conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabina V Eguizábal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), FCEFyN-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Superina
- Laboratorio de Medicina y Endocrinología de la Fauna Silvestre, IMBECU, CCT-CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Camila J Asencio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), FCEFyN-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Juan M Busso
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), FCEFyN-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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Chao S, Zhu D, Dixon D, Khater E, Xue RD. Diel activity patterns of adult female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) determined by a novel rotated trap in northeastern Florida, U.S.A. J Vector Ecol 2019; 44:149-153. [PMID: 31124234 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel rotator trap was evaluated to determine the diel activity patterns and physiological state of adult female mosquitoes in St. Augustine, FL, U.S.A. Culex nigripalpus were most active from 19:00-21:00, followed by 1:00-3:00, based on collections from the novel rotator trap. Furthermore, analysis of the physiological state of female mosquitoes collected by the novel rotator trap suggested that non-parous (nulliparous) host-seeking mosquitoes were more frequently active in the 21:00-23:00 and 09:00-19:00 time frames. Parous host-seeking mosquitoes were more frequently collected from 19:00-21:00 and 1:00-3:00. A low abundance of gravid females was collected by the rotator trap, so analysis of their activity periods was inconclusive. These results indicate that the novel rotated trap could be used to detect the diel activity patterns of adult mosquitoes in mosquito control programs and more testing should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chao
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ding Zhu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
| | - Emad Khater
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassiah, 1156, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
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Baker J, Venditti C. Rapid Change in Mammalian Eye Shape Is Explained by Activity Pattern. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1082-1088.e3. [PMID: 30853430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate of morphological evolution along the branches of a phylogeny varies widely [1-6]. Although such rate variation is often assumed to reflect the strength of historical natural selection resulting in adaptation [7-14], this lacks empirical and analytical evidence. One way to demonstrate a relationship between branchwise rates and adaptation would be to show that rapid rates of evolution are linked with ecological shifts or key innovations. Here, we test for this link by determining whether activity pattern, the time of day at which species are active, explains rapid bursts of evolutionary change in eye shape. Using modern approaches to identify shifts in the rate of morphological evolution [7, 13], we find that over 74% of rapid eye-shape change during mammalian evolutionary history is directly explained by distinct selection pressures acting on nocturnal, cathemeral, and diurnal species. Our results reveal how ecological changes occurring along the branches of a phylogeny can manifest in subsequent changes in the rate of morphological evolution. Although selective pressures exerted by different activity patterns have acted uniformly across all mammals, we find differences in the rate of eye-shape evolution among orders. The key to understanding this is in how ecology itself has evolved. We find heterogeneity in how activity pattern has evolved among mammals that ultimately led to differences in the rate of eye-shape evolution among species. Our approach represents an exciting new way to pinpoint factors driving adaptation, enabling a clearer understanding of the factors that drive the evolution of biological diversity.
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Sernheim ÅS, Hemmingsson H, Lidström H, Witt Engerström I, Liedberg GM. Rett syndrome: Teenagers' and young adults' activities, usage of time and responses during an ordinary week - a diary study. Scand J Occup Ther 2019; 27:323-335. [PMID: 30663472 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1545046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the everyday life of individuals with Rett syndrome.Aim/Objective: To describe ten participants' (teenagers/young adults) activities during a period of seven days, the time-use, where and with whom the activities were performed and the participants' responses in the form of visible/audible reactions during activities.Material and method: A time-geographic self-administered diary was filled in by 63 informants (parents/support staff) and analysed using the software, DAILY LIFE 2011.Results/Findings: The most frequently reported activities were hygiene/toilet, moving around indoors, eating and getting dressed. Most time was spent in sleeping, daily care, medical health care and travel/transportation. Little time remained for receptive activities, daytime rest, physical, social/creative, communication, school/daily work and domestic chore activities, especially for the young adults. Most time was spent with staff, thereafter with families and the least time was spent with friends. The most reported response was "interested", and "opposed" was the least reported.Conclusions: Daily and medical health care activities were time consuming. Improved communication between all parties may increase participation and well-being and provide solutions for handling unpleasant activities and sedentary time.Significance: A more varied range of activities may improve the everyday life for individuals with Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa-Sara Sernheim
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.,The Swedish National Center for Rett syndrome & related disorders, Frösön, Sweden*
| | - Helena Hemmingsson
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.,Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Lidström
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - I Witt Engerström
- The Swedish National Center for Rett syndrome & related disorders, Frösön, Sweden*
| | - G M Liedberg
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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Muñoz-Delgado J, Pérez-Galicia S, Sánchez-Ferrer JC, Canales Espinosa D, Erkert HG. Diel and infradian (7-day) activity rhythms in Mexican spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) kept with and without visitor contact. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22933. [PMID: 30537387 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diel activity rhythms in mammals are regulated by an endogenous (circadian) timing system which is synchronized by environmental 24-hr periodicities called zeitgebers. Additional direct responses to stochastic environmental factors ensure the fine-tuning to the actual situation and may mask the circadian time course. Following an observational study on behavioral effects of visitor activities in a group of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) kept free-ranging on a small island of Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico, we analyzed the effect of weekly varying numbers of visiting tourist boats on the monkeys' diel activity rhythm. With small accelerometer-data logger devices we recorded the monkeys' locomotor activity continuously for several months each. Then we compared the data with those from spider monkeys living without tourist contact. Neither the duration of the monkeys' activity time (α) nor its phase relationship to the 24-hr solar day did change on different weekdays in either site. However, their activity level showed a clear 7-day rhythm. The monkeys of the tourist site showed highest activity on Saturday and Sunday, when the frequency of visiting tourist boats was highest, whereas those of the non-tourist site were least active on Sunday and Monday, when human activities were lowest there. While the monkeys of the non-tourist site usually displayed a distinct bimodal activity pattern peaking in the morning and late afternoon, the pattern in those of the tourist site mostly lacked a morning peak and varied more over time. Based on our results, we suggest that circadian entrainment is not involved in the differences between the diel activity rhythms of the spider monkeys from the two keeping sites and the differing 7-day variation in their activity level. Rather, these differences seemingly reflect direct responses to the differing human activities and thus may correspond to circadian masking effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Muñoz-Delgado
- Dirección de Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronoecología y Etología Humana, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sergio Pérez-Galicia
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Domingo Canales Espinosa
- Dirección del Área Académica de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Hans G Erkert
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute for Zoology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Henderson T, Vernes K, Körtner G, Rajaratnam R. Using GPS Technology to Understand Spatial and Temporal Activity of Kangaroos in a Peri-Urban Environment. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E97. [PMID: 29914209 DOI: 10.3390/ani8060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kangaroo–human conflict is increasing in the peri-urban communities of the New South Wales (NSW) north coast in Australia. A way to assist in managing this conflict is to improve our understanding on the ecology of kangaroos in the peri-urban environment. We utilized modern Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to track adult male kangaroo movements in a peri-urban housing estate at Coffs Harbour, Australia, using both collars and temporary glue-on devices. We also assessed the effectiveness of the glue-on devices, which do not require animal recapture for device retrieval. Kangaroos remained predominately within the residential area and moved over short distances with small movement speeds. Movement activity peaked from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., coinciding with daily residential activities such as driving to work, putting children on the school bus, hanging out the washing, and putting bins on the street. In addition, the temporary glue-on devices were effective in gaining information on spatial and temporal activity on a day-by-day basis, despite having short deployment lengths. Abstract The increasing kangaroo occurrence in expanding peri-urban areas can be problematic when kangaroos become aggressive towards people and present a collision risk to motor vehicles. An improved understanding on kangaroo spatial and temporal activity patterns in the peri-urban environment is essential to manage kangaroo–human conflict. In this study, we used GPS telemetry to determine activity patterns of male Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in a peri-urban community on the north-coast of New South Wales, Australia. Two types of GPS devices were employed; collars and cheaper alternative glue-on units. Kangaroos moved on average 2.39 km a day, with an average movement rate of 1.89 m/min, which was greatest at dawn. The GPS glue-on devices had short deployment lengths of one to 12 days. Despite limitations in attachment time, the glue-on devices were viable in obtaining daily spatial and temporal activity data. Our results aid towards alleviating conflict with kangaroos by providing new insights into kangaroo movements and activity within a peri-urban environment and introduces a potential cheap GPS alternative for obtaining this data relative to more expensive collars.
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Berberich GM, Ellison AM, Berberich MB, Grumpe A, Becker A, Wöhler C. Can a Red Wood-Ant Nest Be Associated with Fault-Related CH₄ Micro-Seepage? A Case Study from Continuous Short-Term In-Situ Sampling. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E46. [PMID: 29597318 DOI: 10.3390/ani8040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Methane (CH4) is common on Earth but its natural sources are not well-characterized. We investigated concentrations of CH4 and its stable carbon isotope (δ13C-CH4) within a red wood-ant (RWA; Formica polyctena) nest in the Neuwied Basin, a part of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF), and tested for associations between methane concentration and RWA activity patterns, earthquakes, and earth tides. Methane degassing was not synchronized with earth tides, nor was it influenced by a micro-earthquake or RWA activity. Elevated CH4 concentrations in nest gas appear to result from a combination of microbial activity and fault-related emissions. The latter could result from micro-seepage of methane derived from low-temperature gas-water-rock reactions that subsequently moves via fault networks through the RWA nest or from overlapping micro-seepage of magmatic CH4 from the Eifel plume. Given the abundance of RWA nests on the landscape, their role as sources of microbial CH4 and biological indicators for abiotically-derived CH4 should be included in estimations of methane emissions that are contributing to climatic change. Abstract We measured methane (CH4) and stable carbon isotope of methane (δ13C-CH4) concentrations in ambient air and within a red wood-ant (RWA; Formica polyctena) nest in the Neuwied Basin (Germany) using high-resolution in-situ sampling to detect microbial, thermogenic, and abiotic fault-related micro-seepage of CH4. Methane degassing from RWA nests was not synchronized with earth tides, nor was it influenced by micro-earthquake degassing or concomitantly measured RWA activity. Two δ13C-CH4 signatures were identified in nest gas: −69‰ and −37‰. The lower peak was attributed to microbial decomposition of organic matter within the RWA nest, in line with previous observations that RWA nests are hot-spots of microbial CH4. The higher peak has not been reported in previous studies. We attribute this peak to fault-related CH4 emissions moving via fault networks into the RWA nest, which could originate either from thermogenic or abiotic CH4 formation. Sources of these micro-seepages could be Devonian schists, iron-bearing “Klerf Schichten”, or overlapping micro-seepage of magmatic CH4 from the Eifel plume. Given the abundance of RWA nests on the landscape, their role as sources of microbial CH4 and biological indicators for abiotically-derived CH4 should be included in estimation of methane emissions that are contributing to climatic change.
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Brodie JF, Strimas-Mackey M, Mohd-Azlan J, Granados A, Bernard H, Giordano AJ, Helmy OE. Lowland biotic attrition revisited: body size and variation among climate change 'winners' and 'losers'. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2335. [PMID: 28100818 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The responses of lowland tropical communities to climate change will critically influence global biodiversity but remain poorly understood. If species in these systems are unable to tolerate warming, the communities-currently the most diverse on Earth-may become depauperate ('biotic attrition'). In response to temperature changes, animals can adjust their distribution in space or their activity in time, but these two components of the niche are seldom considered together. We assessed the spatio-temporal niches of rainforest mammal species in Borneo across gradients in elevation and temperature. Most species are not predicted to experience changes in spatio-temporal niche availability, even under pessimistic warming scenarios. Responses to temperature are not predictable by phylogeny but do appear to be trait-based, being much more variable in smaller-bodied taxa. General circulation models and weather station data suggest unprecedentedly high midday temperatures later in the century; predicted responses to this warming among small-bodied species range from 9% losses to 6% gains in spatio-temporal niche availability, while larger species have close to 0% predicted change. Body mass may therefore be a key ecological trait influencing the identity of climate change winners and losers. Mammal species composition will probably change in some areas as temperatures rise, but full-scale biotic attrition this century appears unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah F Brodie
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew Strimas-Mackey
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Alys Granados
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Anthony J Giordano
- Field Conservation Program, SPECIES, Ventura, CA, USA.,Conservation Science Program, Tiger Creek Wildlife Refuge, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Olga E Helmy
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sullivan JD, Ditchkoff SS, Collier BA, Ruth CR, Raglin JB. Breeding behavior of female white-tailed deer relative to conception: Evidence for female mate choice. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2395-2402. [PMID: 28405302 PMCID: PMC5383498 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are thought to choose between two behavioral strategies to maximize the quality of potential mates: sit and wait, characterized by concentrating activity within a restricted area, and excursive behavior, characterized by increased activity and excursions outside the home range. As movement patterns may influence conception, our goal was to examine the patterns of female white-tailed deer movements to evaluate which breeding strategy was employed. We equipped 36 female white-tailed deer with GPS collars from August 2013 to December 2015. We found that movement rate and probability of activity were greatest near the peak of the breeding season, and we observed increases in both metrics during the 40 days prior to estimated conception. Peak size of home range and core area occurred in the days surrounding conception. We found that 11 deer performed an excursion, ranging from 43 days before until 36 days after conception, with the peak probability of being outside of an individual home range occurring 1 day prior to conception. Our results suggest that female white-tailed deer may attempt to maximize the quality of their mates by advertising availability for breeding through excursive behaviors just prior to entering estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery D Sullivan
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | | | - Bret A Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Charles R Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia SC USA
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Walaszczyk EJ, Goheen BB, Steibel JP, Li W. Differential Effects of Sex Pheromone Compounds on Adult Female Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Locomotor Patterns. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 31:289-98. [PMID: 26888974 DOI: 10.1177/0748730416629248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization of male and female locomotor activity plays a critical role in ensuring reproductive success, especially in semelparous species. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effects of individual chemical signals, or pheromones, on the locomotor activity in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). In their native habitat, adult preovulated females (POF) and ovulated females (OF) are exposed to sex pheromone compounds that are released from spermiated males and attract females to nests during their migration and spawning periods. In this study, locomotor activity of individual POF and OF was measured hourly in controlled laboratory conditions using an automated video-tracking system. Differences in the activity between a baseline day (no treatment exposure) and a treatment day (sex pheromone compound or control exposure) were examined for daytime and nighttime periods. Results showed that different pheromone compound treatments affected both POF and OF sea lamprey (p < 0.05) but in different ways. Spermiated male washings (SMW) and one of its main components, 7α,12α,24-trihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24 sulfate (3kPZS), decreased activity of POF during the nighttime. SMW also reduced activity in POF during the daytime. In contrast, SMW increased activity of OF during the daytime, and an additional compound found in SMW, petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), decreased the activity during the nighttime. In addition, we examined factors that allowed us to infer the overall locomotor patterns. SMW increased the maximum hourly activity during the daytime, decreased the maximum hourly activity during the nighttime, and reduced the percentage of nocturnal activity in OF. Our findings suggest that adult females have evolved to respond to different male compounds in regards to their locomotor activity before and after final maturation. This is a rare example of how species-wide chemosensory stimuli can affect not only the amounts of activity but also the overall locomotor pattern in a vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Walaszczyk
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - Juan Pedro Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Boerema ST, Essink GB, Tönis TM, van Velsen L, Hermens HJ. Sedentary Behaviour Profiling of Office Workers: A Sensitivity Analysis of Sedentary Cut-Points. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 16:s16010022. [PMID: 26712758 PMCID: PMC4732055 DOI: 10.3390/s16010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Measuring sedentary behaviour and physical activity with wearable sensors provides detailed information on activity patterns and can serve health interventions. At the basis of activity analysis stands the ability to distinguish sedentary from active time. As there is no consensus regarding the optimal cut-point for classifying sedentary behaviour, we studied the consequences of using different cut-points for this type of analysis. We conducted a battery of sitting and walking activities with 14 office workers, wearing the Promove 3D activity sensor to determine the optimal cut-point (in counts per minute (m·s(-2))) for classifying sedentary behaviour. Then, 27 office workers wore the sensor for five days. We evaluated the sensitivity of five sedentary pattern measures for various sedentary cut-points and found an optimal cut-point for sedentary behaviour of 1660 × 10(-3) m·s(-2). Total sedentary time was not sensitive to cut-point changes within ±10% of this optimal cut-point; other sedentary pattern measures were not sensitive to changes within the ±20% interval. The results from studies analyzing sedentary patterns, using different cut-points, can be compared within these boundaries. Furthermore, commercial, hip-worn activity trackers can implement feedback and interventions on sedentary behaviour patterns, using these cut-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone T Boerema
- Telemedicine Group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, 7500 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Telemedicine Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard B Essink
- Telemedicine Group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, 7500 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Telemedicine Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs M Tönis
- Telemedicine Group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, 7500 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Telemedicine Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Lex van Velsen
- Telemedicine Group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, 7500 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Telemedicine Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Hermie J Hermens
- Telemedicine Group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, 7500 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Telemedicine Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Zhou Y, Newman C, Palomares F, Zhang S, Xie Z, Macdonald DW. Spatial organization and activity patterns of the masked palm civet ( Paguma larvata) in central-south China. J Mammal 2014; 95:534-542. [PMID: 32287381 PMCID: PMC7107440 DOI: 10.1644/13-mamm-a-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement and activity patterns are important components of life history, being central to resource acquisition and defense, mating behavior, and individual survival and fitness. Here, we present results from the 1st systematic radiotracking study of the masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), a widespread viverrid found in subtropical and tropical forests of Asia. From June 2004 to November 2007, we radiotracked 12 masked palm civets (5 males and 7 females) in central-south China. Mean individual home-range size based on 95% minimum convex polygons was 192.6 ha ± 42.6 SE (range = 64-451 ha). Although males had larger mean home-range sizes than females (276.8 and 136.5 ha, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant. Males also exhibited greater daily movement distances and extents than females, but we found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in body size. Masked palm civets were predominantly nocturnal, but were active intermittently during the day. No significant seasonal (monthly) differences in daily activity patterns were apparent. We did, however, observe reduced hours of activity-but not continuous inactivity-during winter; consequently, we concluded that our study animals did not hibernate or semihibernate. We speculate that our observations of home-range overlap among individuals may indicate group living in the masked palm civet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Newman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Palomares
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Donaña—CSIC, Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Shuiyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, United Kingdom
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Friedrich RW, Genoud C, Wanner AA. Analyzing the structure and function of neuronal circuits in zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:71. [PMID: 23630467 PMCID: PMC3632777 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clever choice of animal models has been instrumental for many breakthrough discoveries in life sciences. One of the outstanding challenges in neuroscience is the in-depth analysis of neuronal circuits to understand how interactions between large numbers of neurons give rise to the computational power of the brain. A promising model organism to address this challenge is the zebrafish, not only because it is cheap, transparent and accessible to sophisticated genetic manipulations but also because it offers unique advantages for quantitative analyses of circuit structure and function. One of the most important advantages of zebrafish is its small brain size, both at larval and adult stages. Small brains enable exhaustive measurements of neuronal activity patterns by optical imaging and facilitate large-scale reconstructions of wiring diagrams by electron microscopic approaches. Such information is important, and probably essential, to obtain mechanistic insights into neuronal computations underlying higher brain functions and dysfunctions. This review provides a brief overview over current methods and motivations for dense reconstructions of neuronal activity and connectivity patterns. It then discusses selective advantages of zebrafish and provides examples how these advantages are exploited to study neuronal computations in the olfactory bulb.
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Schärer YPZ, Shum J, Moressis A, Friedrich RW. Dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal activity patterns in the zebrafish homolog of olfactory cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2012; 6:76. [PMID: 23109918 PMCID: PMC3478571 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2012.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important modulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity that is causally involved in fundamental brain functions and dysfunctions. We examined the dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission and sensory responses in telencephalic area Dp of zebrafish, the homolog of olfactory cortex. By combining anatomical tracing and immunohistochemistry, we detected no DA neurons in Dp itself but long-range dopaminergic input from multiple other brain areas. Whole-cell recordings revealed no obvious effects of DA on membrane potential or input resistance in the majority of Dp neurons. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory tracts produced a complex sequence of synaptic currents in Dp neurons. DA selectively decreased inhibitory currents with little or no effect on excitatory components. Multiphoton calcium imaging showed that population responses of Dp neurons to olfactory tract stimulation or odor application were enhanced by DA, consistent with its effect on inhibitory synaptic transmission. These effects of DA were blocked by an antagonist of D2-like receptors. DA therefore disinhibits and reorganizes sensory responses in Dp. This modulation may affect sensory perception and could be involved in the experience-dependent modification of odor representations.
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Pan D, Teng L, Cui F, Zeng Z, Bravery BD, Zhang Q, Song Y. Eld's deer translocated to human-inhabited areas become nocturnal. Ambio 2011; 40:60-67. [PMID: 21404824 PMCID: PMC3357734 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-010-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As human populations expand and nonhuman animals decline, understanding the interactions between people and wildlife is essential. For endangered species, appreciating the effect of human disturbance can be important for their conservation. However, a human disturbance angle is often absent from ecological research, despite growing evidence of the negative impact of nonfatal human interference. Here, we monitored Hainan Eld's deer living within a reserve and translocated animals living amongst villagers. We show that translocated deer deviated from a crepuscular activity pattern and became increas-. ingly nocturnal, and most active when villagers were not. It appears that translocated deer adapted over time to human disturbance and this pattern is similar to that of other species during periods of hunting. People do not pose an actual threat to Eld's deer, but their presence triggered a response akin to predator avoidance and may be interfering with broader aspects of their biology and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Pan
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Liwei Teng
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Fangjie Cui
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhigao Zeng
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang Beijing, 100101 China
| | | | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yanling Song
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang Beijing, 100101 China
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Beggs JM, Plenz D. Neuronal avalanches are diverse and precise activity patterns that are stable for many hours in cortical slice cultures. J Neurosci 2004; 24:5216-29. [PMID: 15175392 PMCID: PMC6729198 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0540-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of neuroscience is to elucidate mechanisms of cortical information processing and storage. Previous work from our laboratory (Beggs and Plenz, 2003) revealed that propagation of local field potentials (LFPs) in cortical circuits could be described by the same equations that govern avalanches. Whereas modeling studies suggested that these "neuronal avalanches" were optimal for information transmission, it was not clear what role they could play in information storage. Work from numerous other laboratories has shown that cortical structures can generate reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of activity that could be used as a substrate for memory. Here, we show that although neuronal avalanches lasted only a few milliseconds, their spatiotemporal patterns were also stable and significantly repeatable even many hours later. To investigate these issues, we cultured coronal slices of rat cortex for 4 weeks on 60-channel microelectrode arrays and recorded spontaneous extracellular LFPs continuously for 10 hr. Using correlation-based clustering and a global contrast function, we found that each cortical culture spontaneously produced 4736 +/- 2769 (mean +/- SD) neuronal avalanches per hour that clustered into 30 +/- 14 statistically significant families of spatiotemporal patterns. In 10 hr of recording, over 98% of the mutual information shared by these avalanche patterns were retained. Additionally, jittering analysis revealed that the correlations between avalanches were temporally precise to within +/-4 msec. The long-term stability, diversity, and temporal precision of these avalanches indicate that they fulfill many of the requirements expected of a substrate for memory and suggest that they play a central role in both information transmission and storage within cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Beggs
- Unit of Neural Network Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Womack M, Khodakhah K. Active contribution of dendrites to the tonic and trimodal patterns of activity in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Neurosci 2002; 22:10603-12. [PMID: 12486152 PMCID: PMC6758439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of movement and maintenance of balance. Cerebellar architecture is based on repeats of an anatomically well defined circuit. At the center of these functional circuits are Purkinje neurons, which form the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. It is proposed that coordination of movement is achieved by encoding timing signals in the rate of firing and pattern of activity of Purkinje cells. An understanding of cerebellar timing requires an appreciation of the intrinsic firing behavior of Purkinje cells and the extent to which their activity is regulated within the functional circuits. We have examined the spontaneous firing of Purkinje neurons in isolation from the rest of the cerebellar circuitry by blocking fast synaptic transmission in acutely prepared cerebellar slices. We find that, intrinsically, mature Purkinje cells show a complex pattern of activity in which they continuously cycle among tonically firing, bursting, and silent modes. This trimodal pattern of activity emerges as the cerebellum matures anatomically and functionally. Concurrent with the transformation of the immature tonically firing cells to those with the trimodal pattern of activity, the dendrites assume a prominent role in regulating the excitability of Purkinje cells. Thus, alterations in the rate and pattern of activity of Purkinje neurons are not solely the result of synaptic input but also arise as a consequence of the intrinsic properties of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Womack
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Roska B, Nemeth E, Orzo L, Werblin FS. Three levels of lateral inhibition: A space-time study of the retina of the tiger salamander. J Neurosci 2000; 20:1941-51. [PMID: 10684895 PMCID: PMC6772932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The space-time patterns of activity generated across arrays of retinal neurons can provide a sensitive measurement of the effects of neural interactions underlying retinal activity. We measured the excitatory and inhibitory components associated with these patterns at each cellular level in the retina and further dissected inhibitory components pharmacologically. Using perforated and loose patch recording, we measured the voltages, currents, or spiking at 91 lateral positions covering approximately 2 mm in response to a flashed 300-microm-wide bar. First, we showed how the effect of well known lateral inhibition at the outer retina, mediated by horizontal cells, evolved in time to compress the spatial representation of the stimulus bar at ON and OFF bipolar cell bodies as well as horizontal cells. Second, we showed, for the first time, how GABA(C) receptor mediated amacrine cell feedback to bipolar terminals compresses the spatial representation of the stimulus bar at ON bipolar terminals over time. Third, we showed that a third spatiotemporal compression exists at the ganglion cell layer that is mediated by feedforward amacrine cells via GABA(A) receptors. These three inhibitory mechanisms, via three different receptor types, appear to compensate for the effects of lateral diffusion of activity attributable to dendritic spread and electrical coupling between retinal neurons. As a consequence, the width of the final representation at the ganglion cell level approximates the dimensions of the original stimulus bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Roska
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Friedrich RW, Korsching SI. Chemotopic, combinatorial, and noncombinatorial odorant representations in the olfactory bulb revealed using a voltage-sensitive axon tracer. J Neurosci 1998; 18:9977-88. [PMID: 9822753 PMCID: PMC6793301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Odor information is first represented in the brain by patterns of input activity across the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb (OB). To examine how odorants are represented at this stage of olfactory processing, we labeled anterogradely the axons of olfactory receptor neurons with the voltage-sensitive dye Di8-ANEPPQ in zebrafish. The activity induced by diverse natural odorants in afferent axons and across the array of glomeruli was then recorded optically. The results show that certain subregions of the OB are preferentially activated by defined chemical odorant classes. Within these subregions, "ordinary" odorants (amino acids, bile acids, and nucleotides) induce overlapping activity patterns involving multiple glomeruli, indicating that they are represented by combinatorial activity patterns. In contrast, two putative pheromone components (prostaglandin F2alpha and 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one-20-sulfate) each induce a single focus of activity, at least one of which comes from a single, highly specific and sensitive glomerulus. These results indicate that the OB is organized into functional subregions processing classes of odorants. Furthermore, they suggest that individual odorants can be represented by "combinatorial" or "noncombinatorial" (focal) activity patterns and that the latter may serve to process odorants triggering distinct responses such as that of pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Friedrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung Physikalische Biologie, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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