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Mink S, Reimann P, Fraunberger P. Prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1029-1043. [PMID: 38349073 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, over 772 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported. New variants of interest with corresponding spikes in case numbers continue to be identified. Vulnerable patients, including older adults or patients with severe comorbidities, continue to be at risk. A large body of evidence has been accumulated regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and COVID-19 but the usefulness of antibody measurements remains unclear. This systematic review aims to assess the prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and their usefulness for guiding booster vaccinations. METHODS Studies in English and published between January 2020 and October 2023 were included. Studies that relied on multiparameter-models or comprised fewer than 100 participants were excluded. PubMed and via the WHO COVID-19 research database, Embase and Medline databases were searched. Study selection and quality assessment was conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS After screening 1,160 studies, 33 studies comprising >30 million individuals were included. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies were strongly associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2-infection and better outcomes, including mortality. Risk of infection and COVID-19 severity decreased with increasing antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies are useful for early identification of high-risk patients and timely adjustment of therapy. Protective thresholds may be applied to advise booster vaccinations but verification in separate cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Patrick Reimann
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
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Gerhards C, Steingass M, Heininger A, Lange B, Hetjens M, Gerigk M, Neumaier M, Evliyaoglu O, Kittel M. The Impact of Clinical Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Antibody Production in Vaccinated German Healthcare Professionals Infected Either with the Delta or the Omicron Variant. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:163. [PMID: 38400146 PMCID: PMC10893335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the rapid introduction of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic was a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and a less frequent occurrence of severe COVID-19 courses. Thus, we evaluated COVID-19 severity in vaccinated individuals to examine variant-specific symptom characteristics and their clinical impact on the serological immune response. METHODS A total of 185 individuals previously vaccinated against and infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron (BA.4 and BA.5) variant, were enrolled for anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig level detection. A structured survey regarding medical history was conducted. RESULTS In 99.5 percent of cases, outpatient treatment was satisfactory. Specific symptoms associated with variants included ageusia and anosmia in patients with Delta infections and throat pain in Omicron infections. Among Delta-infected individuals with specific symptoms, significantly higher levels of anti-N antibodies were observed. CONCLUSION Our study identified variant-specific differences in the amount of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production and COVID-19 symptoms. Despite this, vaccinated individuals with Omicron or Delta infections generally experienced mild disease courses. Additionally, asymptomatic individuals exhibit lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, indicating a clinical correlation between disease-specific antibodies and distinct symptoms, particularly in the case of the Delta variant. In follow-up studies, exploring post-COVID syndrome and focusing on cognitive symptoms in the acute phase of Omicron infections is crucial as it has the potential to longitudinally impact the lives of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlene Steingass
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heininger
- Department of Hygiene, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Lange
- Department of Hygiene, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg of University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlis Gerigk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Osman Evliyaoglu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Dimech W, Curley S, Cai JJ. Comprehensive, comparative evaluation of 25 automated SARS-CoV-2 serology assays. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0322823. [PMID: 38018986 PMCID: PMC10783060 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We have previously highlighted the fact that hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 serology tests were released months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the hundreds of studies investigating the test kits' performance, few were comparative reports, using the same comprehensive sample set across multiple tests. Recently, we reported a comparative assessment of 35 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) or microtiter plate enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for use in low- and middle-income countries, using a large sample set from individuals with a history of COVID-19. Only a few tests meet WHO Target Product Profile performance requirements. This study reports on the performance of a further 25 automated SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays using the same panel of samples. The results highlight the better analytical and clinical performance of automated serology test kits compared with RDTs, and the importance of independent comparative assessments to inform the use and procurement of these tests for both diagnostic and epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Dimech
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon Curley
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Jing Cai
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Mink S, Fraunberger P. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing: Role and Indications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7575. [PMID: 38137643 PMCID: PMC10744049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, over 769 million confirmed COVID-19 cases, including close to 7 million COVID-19-related deaths, have been reported. Although mortality rates have dropped notably compared to the first months of the pandemic, spikes in reported cases and mortality rates continue to be registered. Both recent spikes in case numbers and the continued emergence of new variants suggest that vulnerable patient groups, including older adults, immunocompromised patients, and patients with severe comorbidities, are going to continue to be affected by COVID-19. In order to curb the pandemic, relieve the pressure on primary care facilities, and reduce mortality rates, global vaccination programs have been established by the WHO, with over 13.5 billion vaccine doses having been administered globally. In most immunocompetent individuals, vaccination against COVID-19 results in the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. However, certain patient subsets have inadequate or reduced immune responses, and immune responses are known to decrease with age. General recommendations on the timing of booster vaccinations may therefore be insufficient to protect vulnerable patients. This review aims to evaluate the clinical role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, focusing on measurement indications, prognostic value, and potential as a correlate of protection to guide future booster vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
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Biernacka P, Piekarska A, Berkan-Kawińska A. Analysis of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in groups of medical and non-medical professions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:643-655. [PMID: 37768026 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assessment of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in various professional groups is very important. Hence, the purpose of the following study was to analyze the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among employees performing both medical and nonmedical professions before the launch of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted among employers of 1 of the institutions: The Provincial Specialist Hospital of Władysław Biegański in Łódź, Poland, Radio Łódź and the Border Guards of Łódź Airport. Blood samples were collected in December 2020-February 2021. Patients were screened for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Simultaneously respondents were asked to complete a self-designed questionnaire including demographic data, detailed profession, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. RESULTS Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the group of rural residents (p < 0.012), participants who declared previous COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001) and healthcare workers (HCWs) (p = 0.002), especially nurses (35.5%, p = 0.003) and medics worked in areas dedicated to COVID-19 than in other specialties (38.7% vs. 26.8%, respectively, p = 0.017). There was no association between the presence of antibodies and the gender (p = 0.118), age (p = 0.559) or BMI (p = 0.998). CONCLUSIONS Healthcare workers, in particular nurses, are at high risk of contracting COVID-19 in the workplace. Occupational infections can occur during occur not only during contact with the patient, but also with members of the medical team who do not show typical symptoms of the disease. Shortages in medical staff may also increase the number of infections among HCWs. Medical and hospital staff providing health services during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland, may seek compensation in the event of consequences related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of education and self-discipline in complying to safety rules among HCWs should also be constantly monitored. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(5):643-55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Biernacka
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology)
| | - Anna Piekarska
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology)
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Mink S, Saely CH, Frick M, Leiherer A, Drexel H, Fraunberger P. Association between Lipid Levels, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies and COVID-19 Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5068. [PMID: 37568470 PMCID: PMC10420155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that both lipid levels and anti-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels are associated with outcome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While both parameters have separately been implicated in the neutralization and clearance of pathogens during severe infections, it is currently unclear whether the interplay of these parameters affects outcome in COVID-19. We therefore aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between lipoproteins, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and COVID-19 mortality. METHODS In this prospective, multicenter cohort study, we recruited 1152 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from five hospitals. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were measured on hospital admission. The investigated endpoint was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC were significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors (mg/dL, 95%CI; 56.1, 50.4-61.8 vs. 72.6, 70.2-75.0, p < 0.001; 34.2, 31.7-36.8 vs. 38.1, 37.2-39.1, p = 0.025; 139.3, 130.9-147.7 vs. 157.4, 54.1-160.6, p = 0.002). Mortality risk increased progressively with lower levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC (aOR 1.73, 1.30-2.31, p < 0.001; 1.44, 1.10-1.88, p = 0.008; 1.49, 1.14-1.94, p < 0.001). Mortality rates varied between 2.1% for high levels of both LDL-C and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and 16.3% for low levels of LDL-C and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (aOR 9.14, 95%CI 3.17-26.34, p < 0.001). Accordingly, for total cholesterol and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, mortality rates varied between 2.1% and 15.0% (aOR 8.01, 95%CI 2.77-23.18, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The combination of serum lipid levels and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19. Patients with low levels of LDL-C and total cholesterol combined with low levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies exhibited the highest mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Christoph H. Saely
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
- VIVIT Institute, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Matthias Frick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Andreas Leiherer
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
- VIVIT Institute, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
- VIVIT Institute, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
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Martins AF, de Souza DRV, de Rezende Neto JM, Santos AA, da Invenção GB, Matos ILS, dos Santos KA, de Jesus PC, da Silva FA, de Almeida FHO, do Vale FYN, Fonseca DLM, Schimke LF, Matos SS, Oliveira BM, Ferreira CS, de Paula Dias B, dos Santos SMSA, Barbosa CC, de Carvalho Barreto ID, Moreno AKM, Gonçalves RL, de Mello Silva B, Cabral-Marques O, Borges LP. A higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1095162. [PMID: 37304100 PMCID: PMC10253171 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1095162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical and social vulnerability of quilombola communities in Brazil can make them especially fragile in the face of COVID-19, considering that several individuals have precarious health systems and inadequate access to water. This work aimed to characterize the frequency of SARS-COV-2 infections and the presence of IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in quilombola populations and their relationship with the presence of risk factors or preexisting chronic diseases in the quilombola communities. We analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, serological status, comorbidities, and symptoms of 1,994 individuals (478 males and 1,536 females) from 18 Brazilian municipalities in the State of Sergipe of quilombola communities, which were evaluated at different epidemiological weeks, starting at the 32nd (August 6th) and ending at the 40th (October 3rd) epidemiological week. More than 70% of studied families live in rural areas and they have an extreme poverty social status. Although we found a higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population, their SARS-CoV-2 reactivity and IgM and IgG positivity varied across the communities investigated. Arterial hypertension was the most risk factor, being found in 27.8% of the individuals (9.5% in stage 1, 10.8% in stage 2, and 7.5% in stage 3). The most common COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities were headache, runny nose, flu, and dyslipidemia. However, most individuals were asymptomatic (79.9%). Our data indicate that mass testing must be incorporated into public policy to improve the health care system available to quilombola populations during a future pandemic or epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Yuri Nery do Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Silva Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Paula Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Cavadas Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Karolina Mendes Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lemes Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gerhards C, Thiaucourt M, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Kittel M. Heterologous Vector-mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector-Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:701. [PMID: 36992285 PMCID: PMC10054089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector-vector versus heterologous, vector-mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. METHODS In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. RESULTS All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. CONCLUSION Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector-vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Gerhards C, Kittel M, Ast V, Bugert P, Froelich MF, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Thiaucourt M. Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response in COVID-19 Recovered Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Related to Post-COVID-Syndrome. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020454. [PMID: 36851668 PMCID: PMC9966735 DOI: 10.3390/v15020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody detectability up to 12 months was examined in individuals after either single convalescence or convalescence and vaccination. Moreover, variables that might influence an anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline and the existence of a post-COVID-syndrome (PCS) were addressed. METHODS Forty-nine SARS-CoV-2-qRT-PCR-confirmed participants completed a 12-month examination of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody levels and PCS-associated long-term sequelae. Overall, 324 samples were collected. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated and quantified from EDTA-plasma. As cfDNA is released into the bloodstream from dying cells, it might provide information on organ damage in the late recovery of COIVD-19. Therefore, we evaluated cfDNA concentrations as a biomarker for a PCS. In the context of antibody dynamics, a random forest-based logistic regression with antibody decline as the target was performed and internally validated. RESULTS The mean percentage dynamic related to the maximum measured value was 96 (±38)% for anti-RBD/S1 antibodies and 30 (±26)% for anti-N antibodies. Anti-RBD/S1 antibodies decreased in 37%, whereas anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies decreased in 86% of the subjects. Clinical anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline prediction models, including vascular and other diseases, were cross-validated (highest AUC 0.74). Long-term follow-up revealed no significant reduction in PCS prevalence but an increase in cognitive impairment, with no indication for cfDNA as a marker for a PCS. CONCLUSION Long-term anti-RBD/S1-antibody positivity was confirmed, and clinical parameters associated with declining titers were presented. A fulminant decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies was observed (mean change to maximum value 30 (±26)%). Anti-RBD/S1 antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects boosted with a vaccine exceeded the maximum values measured after single infection by 235 ± 382-fold, with no influence on preexisting PCS. PCS long-term prevalence was 38.6%, with an increase in cognitive impairment compromising the quality of life. Quantified cfDNA measured in the early post-COVID-19 phase might not be an effective marker for PCS identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Ast
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Froelich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Alzahrani AR, Jabeen Q, Shahid I, Al-Ghamdi SS, Shahzad N, Rehman S, Algarni AS, Bamagous GA, AlanazI IMM, Ibrahim IAA. SARS-CoV-2 Detection and COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Bird's Eye View. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2023; 18:181-205. [PMID: 37069722 DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666230413092826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continued worldwide by administering firsttime emergency authorized novel mRNA-based and conventional vector-antigen-based anti- COVID-19 vaccines to prevent further transmission of the virus as well as to reduce the severe respiratory complications of the infection in infected individuals. However; the emergence of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants is of concern, and the identification of certain breakthrough and reinfection cases in vaccinated individuals as well as new cases soaring in some low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) and even in some resource-replete nations have raised concerns that only vaccine jabs would not be sufficient to control and vanquishing the pandemic. Lack of screening for asymptomatic COVID-19-infected subjects and inefficient management of diagnosed COVID-19 infections also pose some concerns and the need to fill the gaps among policies and strategies to reduce the pandemic in hospitals, healthcare services, and the general community. For this purpose, the development and deployment of rapid screening and diagnostic procedures are prerequisites in premises with high infection rates as well as to screen mass unaffected COVID-19 populations. Novel methods of variant identification and genome surveillance studies would be an asset to minimize virus transmission and infection severity. The proposition of this pragmatic review explores current paradigms for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants, identification, and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, and insights into the late-stage development of new methods to better understand virus super spread variants and genome surveillance studies to predict pandemic trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Bamagous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mufadhi M AlanazI
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Rabinowitz KM, Navon M, Edelman-Klapper H, Zittan E, Bar-Gil Shitrit A, Goren I, Avni-Biron I, Ollech JE, Lichtenstein L, Banai-Eran H, Yanai H, Snir Y, Pauker MH, Friedenberg A, Levy-Barda A, Segal A, Broitman Y, Maoz E, Ovadia B, Aharoni Golan M, Shachar E, Ben-Horin S, Maharshak N, Mor M, Ben Zvi H, Eliakim R, Barkan R, Sharar-Fischler T, Goren S, Krugliak N, Pichinuk E, Mor M, Werbner M, Alter J, Abu-Taha H, Kaboub K, Dessau M, Gal-Tanamy M, Cohen D, Freund NT, Dotan I, On Behalf Of The Responses To Covid-Vaccine Israeli Ibd. Anti-TNFα Treatment Impairs Long-Term Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 35893835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) exhibited lower serologic responses one-month following the second dose of the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine compared to those not treated with anti-TNFα (non-anti-TNFα) or to healthy controls (HCs). We comprehensively analyzed long-term humoral responses, including anti-spike (S) antibodies, serum inhibition, neutralization, cross-reactivity and circulating B cell six months post BNT162b2, in patients with IBD stratified by therapy compared to HCs. Subjects enrolled in a prospective, controlled, multi-center Israeli study received two BNT162b2 doses. Anti-S levels, functional activity, specific B cells, antigen cross-reactivity, anti-nucleocapsid levels, adverse events and IBD disease score were detected longitudinally. In total, 240 subjects, 151 with IBD (94 not treated with anti-TNFα and 57 treated with anti-TNFα) and 89 HCs participated. Six months after vaccination, patients with IBD treated with anti-TNFα had significantly impaired BNT162b2 responses, specifically, more seronegativity, decreased specific circulating B cells and cross-reactivity compared to patients untreated with anti-TNFα. Importantly, all seronegative subjects were patients with IBD; of those, >90% were treated with anti-TNFα. Finally, IBD activity was unaffected by BNT162b2. Altogether these data support the earlier booster dose administration in these patients.
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Rotondo JC, Martini F, Maritati M, Caselli E, Gallenga CE, Guarino M, De Giorgio R, Mazziotta C, Tramarin ML, Badiale G, Tognon M, Contini C. Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1193. [PMID: 35744711 PMCID: PMC9231257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection and 6.26 million deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First of all, the preventive vaccine, which has been implemented in record time, is effective in more than 95% of cases. Additionally, in the diagnostic field, there are numerous molecular and antigenic diagnostic kits that are equipped with high sensitivity and specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for the detection of viral RNA are currently considered the gold-standard method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples for widespread screening. Moreover, additional, and more advanced molecular methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are currently under development to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, as the number of subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 continuously increases globally, health care systems are being placed under increased stress. Thus, the clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping to select especially asymptomatic individuals who are actively carrying the live replicating virus, with fast and non-invasive molecular technologies. Recent diagnostic strategies, other than molecular methods, have been adopted to either detect viral antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, i.e., antibody-based immunoassays, in nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in blood or saliva samples. However, the role of mucosal sIgAs, which are essential in the control of viruses entering the body through mucosal surfaces, remains to be elucidated, and in particular the role of the immune response in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily at the site(s) of virus entry that appears to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Orthopaedic Ward, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, 45030 Occhiobello, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, CIAS Research Center and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Matteo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Tramarin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Giada Badiale
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
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Bingham J, Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt TN, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Nyano C, Pieterson N, Swanevelder R, Swarts A, Sykes W, van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Welte A. Estimates of prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in South Africa in March 2022. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1687679. [PMID: 35665020 PMCID: PMC9164518 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1687679/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In line with previous instalments of analysis from this ongoing study to monitor 'Covid Seroprevalence' among blood donors in South Africa, we report on an analysis of 3395 samples obtained in mid-March 2022 from all provinces of South Africa - a timepoint just after the fourth (primarily omicron) wave of infections. As in our previous analyses, we see no evidence of age and sex dependence of prevalence, but significant variation by race. Differences between provinces have largely disappeared, as prevalence appears to have saturated. In contrast to previous estimates from this study, which reported only prevalence of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, this present work also reports results from testing for anti-spike antibodies. This addition allows us to categorise those donors whose only antibodies are from vaccination. Our race-weighted national extrapolation is that 98% of South Africans have some antibodies, noting that 10% have anti-spike antibodies but not anti-nucleocapsid antibodies - a reasonable proxy for having both 1) been vaccinated and 2) avoided infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bingham
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Welte
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis
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Infantino M, Manfredi M, Stacchini L, Cosma C, Grossi V, Lari B, Russo E, Amedei A, Benucci M, Veneziani F, Casprini P, Catalano CM, Cirrincione G, Bonaccorsi G, Pompetti A. The role of neutralizing antibodies by sVNT after two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a cohort of Italian healthcare workers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:934-940. [PMID: 35303766 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels is a current priority to drive immunization, as well as to predict when a vaccine booster dose may be required and for which priority groups. The aim of our study was to investigate the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein IgG (anti-S1 IgG) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in an Italian cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs), following the Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, over a period of up to six months after the second dose. METHODS We enrolled 57 HCWs, without clinical history of COVID-19 infection. Fluoroenzyme-immunoassay was used for the quantitative anti-S1 IgG antibodies at different time points T1 (one month), T3 (three months) and T6 (six months) following the second vaccine shot. Simultaneously, a commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used for the determination of NAbs, expressed as inhibition percentage (% IH). RESULTS Median values of anti-S1 IgG antibodies decreased from T1 (1,452 BAU/mL) to T6 (104 BAU/mL) with a percent variation of 92.8% while the sVNT showed a percent variation of 34.3% for the same time frame. The decline in anti-S1 IgG antibodies from T1 to T6 was not accompanied by a loss of the neutralizing capacity of antibodies. In fact at T6 a neutralization percentage <20% IH was observed only in 3.51% of HCWs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the decrease of anti-S1 IgG levels do not correspond in parallel to a decrease of NAbs over time, which highlights the necessity of using both assays to assess vaccination effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stacchini
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Cosma
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Lari
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Veneziani
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casprini
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cateno Mario Catalano
- Department of Technical Health Services, Preventive Medicine, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirrincione
- Department of Technical Health Services, Preventive Medicine, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Adolfo Pompetti
- SOC Clinical Assistance Governance, SOS Preventive Medicine Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt T, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Nyoni C, Pieterson N, Swanevelder R, Swarts A, Sykes W, van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Welte A. Estimates of prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in eight provinces of South Africa in November 2021. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1359658. [PMID: 35194594 PMCID: PMC8863147 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1359658/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In line with previous instalments of analysis from this ongoing study to monitor 'Covid Seroprevalence' among blood donors in South Africa, we report on analysis of 3395 samples obtained from 8 to 12 November 2021 in all provinces of South Africa except the Western Cape. As in our previous analyses, we see no evidence of age and sex dependence of prevalence, but substantial variation by province, and by race within each province, from which we generated provincial total point estimates (EC-74%; FS-75%; GP-68%; ZN-73%; LP-66; MP-73%; NC-63%; NW-81% ) and a 'South Africa minus Western Cape' national prevalence estimate of 71% (95%CI 69-74%). We note that sample collection occurred just before the omicron variant driven wave in South Africa, but otherwise present these results without significant interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduard Grebe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University
- Vitalant Research Institute
| | - Laurette Mhlanga
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Welte
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University
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16
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Sendi P, Baldan R, Thierstein M, Widmer N, Gowland P, Gahl B, Büchi AE, Güntensperger D, Wider M, Blum MR, Tinguely C, Maillat C, Theel ES, Berbari E, Dijkman R, Niederhauser C. A Multidimensional Cross-Sectional Analysis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Seroprevalence Among a Police Officer Cohort: The PoliCOV-19 Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab524. [PMID: 34888394 PMCID: PMC8651158 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protests and police fieldwork provide a high-exposure environment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. In this cross-sectional analysis, we investigated the seroprevalence among a police cohort, and sociodemographic, work, and health-related factors associated with seropositivity. Methods Study participants were invited for serological testing of SARS-CoV-2 and to complete online questionnaires. Serum neutralization titers toward the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (expressing D614G) and the Alpha and Beta variants were measured in seropositive study participants. Results A total of 978 police personnel representing 35% of the entire staff participated from February to March 2021. The seroprevalence was 12.9%. It varied by geographic region, ranged from 9% to 13.5% in 3 regions, including the city; and was 22% in Bernese Seeland/Jura with higher odds for seropositivity (odds ratio [OR], 2.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.28–4.44], P=.006). Job roles with mainly office activity were associated with a lower risk of seropositivity (OR, 0.33 [95% CI, .14–.77], P=.010). Self-reported compliance with mask wearing during working hours was 100%; 45% of seropositive vs 5% of seronegative participants (P<.001) reported having had contact with a proven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case living in the same household prior to serological testing. The level of serum antibody titers correlated with neutralization capacity. Antibodies derived from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection effectively neutralized the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but were less effective against the Alpha and Beta variants. Conclusions The seroprevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of police officers was comparable to that reported in the general population, suggesting that the personal protective equipment of the police is effective, and that household contacts are the leading transmission venues. The level of serum antibody titers, in particular that of anti-spike antibodies, correlated well with neutralization capacity. Low antibody titers acquired from natural infection were not effective against variants. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04643444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Baldan
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Thierstein
- Division Operations, Cantonal Police Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Widmer
- Interregional Blood Transfusion, Swiss Red Cross, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gowland
- Interregional Blood Transfusion, Swiss Red Cross, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Gahl
- Clinical Trials Unit, CTU Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annina Elisabeth Büchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Manon Wider
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Raphael Blum
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elitza S Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elie Berbari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Niederhauser
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Interregional Blood Transfusion, Swiss Red Cross, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Konstantinidis T, Zisaki S, Mitroulis I, Cassimos D, Nanousi I, Kontekaki EG, Petrakis V, Parrisi K, Fotiadou E, Linardou A, Lemonakis N, Grapsa A, Gioka T, Lazidis L, Papagoras C, Tsigalou C, Panagopoulos P, Skendros P, Martinis G, Panopoulou M. Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a group of patients, a control group, and healthcare workers of Thrace area in Greece, by the use of two distinct methods. Germs 2021; 11:372-380. [PMID: 34722359 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2021.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the clinical performance of different automated immunoassays available in Europe to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; an ELISA assay and a CLIA. The second goal was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Evros area during the first pandemic wave of COVID-19. Methods The study included serum samples from 101 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR and 208 negative patients. Furthermore, it included 1036 healthcare workers (HWs) of the Evros Region, Northern Greece. The measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG assay (Epitope Diagnostics, USA). Results Of 101 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 82 were hospitalized and 19 were outpatients. Hospitalized patients had higher IgG levels in comparison to outpatients (6.46±2.2 vs. 3.52±1.52, p<0.001). Of 208 non-COVID-19 patients only 1 was positive in both ELISA and CLIA assay. SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies were detected in 6 HWs out of 1036 (0.58%) with mean S/CO-value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG 3.12±1.3 (confidence interval 0.95), which was lower than in COVID-19 patients (3.12 vs. 5.9; p=0.016). The clinical evaluation of two immunoassays showed remarkably high true positivity rates in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. Sensitivities obtained with CLIA and ELISA methods were 99.02% vs. 97.09% and specificities 99.52% vs 99.05% respectively. Conclusions We found an acceptable accordance between CLIA and ELISA assays in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. In all subjects included in this study in the past medical history, the information that was obtained included details about the presence of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Konstantinidis
- MD, PhD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavroula Zisaki
- MSc, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- MD, PhD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Cassimos
- MD, PhD, Pediatric Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Ioanna Nanousi
- MSc, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eftychia G Kontekaki
- MD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasilis Petrakis
- MD, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Kalliopi Parrisi
- Ms, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Fotiadou
- Ms, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Linardou
- Ms, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lemonakis
- MSs, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anastasia Grapsa
- MD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodora Gioka
- MD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Lazidis
- MD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papagoras
- MD, PhD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Chistina Tsigalou
- MD, PhD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- MD, PhD, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- MD, PhD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Georges Martinis
- MD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- MD, PhD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Universit y General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Pieniawska-Śmiech K, Kuraszewicz A, Sado J, Śmiech K, Lewandowicz-Uszyńska A. Assessment of COVID-19 Incidence and the Ability to Synthesise Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies of Paediatric Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5111. [PMID: 34768630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Data regarding the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) is insufficient. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the morbidity and clinical course of COVID-19 and the ability to produce anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in children with PID. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of 99 patients aged 0–18 were evaluated. The patients were divided into three groups: PID group (68.69%), control group (19.19%) and patients with ongoing or previous paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (12.12%). Data such as morbidity, clinical outcome, and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres were assessed. Results: A confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established in 26.47% of patients with PID. Among patients with PID infected with SARS-CoV-2, only three cases were hospitalised. Mortality in the PID group was 0%. Throughout an observation period of 1 year, 47.06% of patients with PID were tested positive for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Conclusions: In the study group, in most cases the disease had a mild and self-limiting course. Remarkably, even though IgG deficiency was the most prevalent form of PID in the study group, the patients were able to respond satisfactorily to the infection in terms of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG.
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Codina H, Vieitez I, Gutierrez-Valencia A, Skouridou V, Martínez C, Patiño L, Botero-Gallego M, Trujillo-Rodríguez M, Serna-Gallego A, Muñoz-Muela E, Bobillo MM, Pérez A, Cabrera-Alvar JJ, Crespo M, O'Sullivan CK, Ruiz-Mateos E, Poveda E. Elevated Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β, Early Predictors of Severe COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2259. [PMID: 34835384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral and host immune kinetics during acute COVID-19 and after remission of acute symptoms need better characterization. SARS-CoV-2 RNA, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in sequential samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute infection and six months following diagnosis. Twenty four laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 were included. Most were males (83%) with a median age of 61 years. Twenty one percent were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and eight of them (33.3%) met the criteria for severe COVID-19 disease. A delay in SARS-CoV-2 levels’ decline during the first six days of follow up, and viral load persistence until month 3 were related to severe COVID-19, but not viral load levels at the diagnosis. Higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, IgG and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β at the diagnosis time were related to the severe COVID-19 outcome. Higher levels of MIP-1β, IL-1β, MIP-1α and IFN-γ were observed at month 1 and 3 during mild/moderate disease, compared to severe COVID-19. IgG persisted at low levels after six months of diagnosis. In conclusion, higher concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG, and IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β are identified as early predictors of COVID-19 severity, whereas no significant association is found between baseline SARS-COV-2 viral load and COVID-19 severity.
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20
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Infantino M, Pieri M, Nuccetelli M, Grossi V, Lari B, Tomassetti F, Calugi G, Pancani S, Benucci M, Casprini P, Manfredi M, Bernardini S. The WHO International Standard for COVID-19 serological tests: towards harmonization of anti-spike assays. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108095. [PMID: 34619529 PMCID: PMC8403673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are relevant in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, providing valuable data on the immunization status of the population. However, current serology tests are highly variable, due to their different characteristics and to the lack of reference materials. The aim of the World Health Organization (WHO) first International Standard (IS) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin is to harmonize humoral immune response assessment after natural infection or vaccination, and recommend reporting the results for binding activity in Binding Antibody Units (BAU). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analyzed six commercial quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein assays in a head-to-head comparison, using the manufacturers' conversion factors for the WHO IS to obtain BAU/mL values. RESULTS Our data showed good alignment up to 1000 BAU/mL, then began to disperse, exhibiting some discrepancies. Moreover, correlations among methods varied with Cohen's Kappa ranging from 0.580 to 1.00, with the lowest agreement values for kits using different target antigens or different antibody isotypes, making it clear that the laboratory report should include this information. Values expressed as BAU/ml showed a reduced between-assays variability compared to AU/ml (median coefficients of variation 0.38 and 0.68, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION On the basis of these data at present anti-SARS CoV-2 serological assays' results are not interchangeable, and, more importantly, individual immune monitoring should be performed with the same method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Lifebrain srl; Viale Roma 190/A, Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Lari
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Graziella Calugi
- Lifebrain srl; Viale Roma 190/A, Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pancani
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Benucci
- Rheumatology Department, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casprini
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Emerging Technologies Division, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Milan, Italy
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21
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Di Ruscio M, Lunardi G, Buonfrate D, Gobbi F, Bertoli G, Piccoli D, Conti A, Geccherle A, Variola A. A Seroprevalence Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:1048. [PMID: 34684085 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Studies have shown a lower prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including amongst those receiving biological therapy. Aims were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in IBD patients and to assess any association between seropositivity and IBD characteristics. Materials and Methods: Serum from adult IBD patients was prospectively collected between December 2020 and January 2021 and analyzed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Information about IBD characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk factors was collected and analyzed. Serum from non-IBD healthcare workers formed the control group. Results: 311 IBD patients on biologics and 75 on mesalazine were enrolled. Ulcerative colitis (UC) extension (p < 0.001), Crohn's disease (CD) phenotype (p = 0.009) and use of concomitant corticosteroids (p < 0.001) were significantly different between the two IBD groups. Overall seroprevalence among IBD patients was 10.4%. The control group showed a prevalence of 13.0%, not significantly different to that of IBD patients (p = 0.145). Only a close contact with SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals and the use of non-FFP2 masks were independently associated with a higher likelihood of seropositivity amongst IBD patients. Conclusion: In IBD patients, the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is not determined by their ongoing treatment. Disease-related characteristics are not associated with a greater risk of antibody seropositivity.
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Komiazyk M, Walory J, Gawor J, Ksiazek I, Gromadka R, Baraniak A. Case Report of COVID-19 after Full Vaccination: Viral Loads and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1815. [PMID: 34679513 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is expected to prevent COVID-19. However, sporadic cases of infection in vaccinated persons have been reported. We describe a case of a double-dose vaccinated woman with COVID-19. All stages of infection were observed, from no identification of virus, then the start of the infection, a high viral load, coming out of viraemia, and finally no detection of the virus. Despite the high viral load, the woman demonstrated mild COVID-19 symptoms, manifested only by a sore throat. The antibody results showed that she produced both post-infectious and post-vaccination immune responses. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained viral genome sequence indicated that the virus belonged to the UK SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 (GR 501Y.V1; 20I/S:501Y.V1; Alpha variant).
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Ast V, Costina V, Eichner R, Bode A, Aida S, Gerhards C, Thiaucourt M, Dobler G, Geilenkeuser WJ, Wölfel R, Neumaier M, Haselmann V. Assessing the Quality of Serological Testing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a European External Quality Assessment (EQA) Scheme for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0055921. [PMID: 34190575 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00559-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
External quality assessment (EQA) is a key instrument for achieving harmonization, and thus a high quality, of diagnostic procedures. As reliable test results are crucial for accurate assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence, vaccine response, and immunity, and thus for successful management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Reference Institute for Bioanalytics (RfB) was the first EQA provider to offer an open scheme for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. The main objectives of this EQA were (i) to gain insights into the current diagnostic landscape and the performance of serological tests in Europe and (ii) to provide recommendations for diagnostic improvements. Within the EQA, a blinded panel of precharacterized human serum samples with variable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers was provided for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies. Across the three distribution rounds in 2020, 284 laboratories from 22 countries reported a total of 3,744 results for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using more than 24 different assays for IgG. Overall, 97/3,004 results were false for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, 88/248 for IgA, and 34/124 for IgM. Regarding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, substantial differences were found between the different assays used, as well as between certified and noncertified tests. For cutoff samples, a drop in the diagnostic sensitivity to 46.3% and high interlaboratory variability were observed. In general, this EQA highlights the current variability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, technical limitations with respect to cutoff samples, and the lack of harmonization of testing procedures. Recommendations are provided to help laboratories and manufacturers further improve the quality of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological diagnostics.
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24
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Madsen JR, Nielsen JPS, Fogh K, Hansen CB, Nielsen PB, Lange T, Hasselbalch RB, Garred P, Iversen K. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity Among Medical Students in Copenhagen. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab273. [PMID: 34423066 PMCID: PMC8374058 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers are at a higher risk of getting infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) than the general population. Knowledge about medical students' exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is lacking. Thus, we measured the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of Danish medical students. METHODS We invited all medical students at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) to participate. Students underwent venous blood sampling and a questionnaire about work-life behaviors possibly associated with SARS-CoV-2 exposure and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. Samples were analyzed for total immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and seropositive samples were screened for IgG, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin A antibodies. We determined associations between seropositivity and clinical and social activities and self-reported symptoms. RESULTS Between October 19 and 26, 1120 students participated in the questionnaire and 1096 were included. Of all included, 379 (34.58%) were seropositive. Seropositivity was associated with attendance at 2 parties at UCPH, on February 29 and March 6, 2020 (odds ratio [OR], 5.96; 95% CI, 4.34-8.24; P < .001). Four hundred sixty-one students (42.06%) worked with COVID-19 patients, which was significantly associated with seropositivity (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.85; P = .033). The symptom most associated with seropositivity was loss of smell and/or taste (n = 183 of all, 31.35%; OR, 24.48; 95% CI, 15.49-40.60; P < .001). Bachelor's students were significantly more likely to be seropositive than Master's students (42.28% vs 16.87%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Medical students have the highest reported seropositivity in the Danish health care system. In this cohort of students at UCPH, seropositivity was associated with social behavior markers and, to a lesser extent, with self-reported contact with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R Madsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob P S Nielsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Cecilie B Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille B Nielsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark
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25
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Markewitz R, Torge A, Wandinger KP, Pauli D, Dargvainiene J, Franke A, Bujanda L, Marimón JM, Banales JM, Gutierrez-Stampa MA, Nafría B, Junker R. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold values vis-à-vis anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a high incidence region. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:114-122. [PMID: 34273511 PMCID: PMC8278831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the relationship between antibody status and cycle threshold (Ct) values, the prognostic value of the latter for COVID-19 patients, and the inter-assay comparability of SARS-CoV-2 Ct values. Methods In 347 COVID-19 inpatients, SARS-CoV-2 Ct values (via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction) on admission were compared between 2 assays and correlated with the antibody response (in the course of the disease), the clinical course and the time since onset of symptoms. Results Ct values for 2 of 3 target genes showed significant differences between the 2 assays used (P=0.012 and P<0.0001). Ct values were significantly higher for antibody positive patients (P<0.0001) and positively correlated with the amount of time since onset of symptoms (R: 0.332–0.363; P<0.001). Patients with fatal outcomes showed higher viral loads than survivors (P<0.0001). Conclusions Ct values depend strongly on assay used and target gene examined and should not be used as quantitative values to guide therapeutic or diagnostic decisions. The inverse association between antibody status and viral load suggests that antibodies contribute to the elimination of the virus, independent of the outcome, which is influenced by the viral load on admission and might depend more strongly on other parts of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Markewitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Antje Torge
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniela Pauli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Justina Dargvainiene
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Maria Marimón
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Microbiology Department, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María A Gutierrez-Stampa
- Osakidetza, OSI Donostialdea, Altza Primary Care; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Beatriz Nafría
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation. San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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Konstantinidis TG, Zisaki S, Mitroulis I, Konstantinidou E, Kontekaki EG, Romanidou G, Karvelas A, Nanousi I, Lazidis L, Cassimos D, Tsigalou C, Martinis G, Panopoulou M. Levels of Produced Antibodies after Vaccination with mRNA Vaccine; Effect of Previous Infection with SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132842. [PMID: 34199029 PMCID: PMC8268570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the immunogenic effect of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. This study included 510 participants who received mRNA vaccine. The measurement of anti-COVID-19 antibodies was performed using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantitative assay (Abbott). Overall, mean titer of anti-Spike antibodies was 19,319.2 ± 1787.5 AU/mL. Vaccination induced a robust immunogenic response in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with non-infected subjects. Additionally, individuals that were asymptomatic after vaccination produced lower levels of antibodies compared to feverish individuals. In conclusion, remarkably high levels of anti-Spike COVID-19 antibodies were observed after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis G. Konstantinidis
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (S.Z.); (E.G.K.); (I.N.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.K.); (C.T.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2551352005
| | - Stavroula Zisaki
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (S.Z.); (E.G.K.); (I.N.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | | | - Eftychia G. Kontekaki
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (S.Z.); (E.G.K.); (I.N.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Gioulia Romanidou
- Nephrology Department, General Hospital “Sismanogleio”, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Karvelas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.K.); (C.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioanna Nanousi
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (S.Z.); (E.G.K.); (I.N.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Leonidas Lazidis
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (S.Z.); (E.G.K.); (I.N.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Cassimos
- Pediatric Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.K.); (C.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Georges Martinis
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (S.Z.); (E.G.K.); (I.N.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.K.); (C.T.); (M.P.)
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Jakuszko K, Kościelska-Kasprzak K, Żabińska M, Bartoszek D, Poznański P, Rukasz D, Kłak R, Królak-Olejnik B, Krajewska M. Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Health Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:663. [PMID: 34204501 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Initially, there were no data on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in lactating women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 vaccinations in breastfeeding women. Methods: The study included 32 breastfeeding women who, regardless of the study, had decided to be vaccinated. Maternal serum and breast milk samples were simultaneously collected on days 8 ± 1, 22 ± 2, 29 ± 3, and 43 ± 4 after the first dose of the vaccine. The immune response was assessed by determining the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA. Results: The breast milk IgG level was detectable (6.50 ± 6.74, median 4.7, and maximum 34.2 BAU/mL) and highly correlated to serum IgG level (rS 0.89; p < 0.001). The breast milk ratio of IgA to the cut-off value was higher in serum IgA-positive (4.18 ± 3.26, median 2.8, and maximum >10) than in serum IgA-negative women (0.56 ± 0.37, median 0.5, and maximum 1.6; p < 0.001). The highest concentrations of serum and breast milk antibodies were observed on day 29 ± 3 with a decrease on day 43 ± 4. Conclusion: The immune response to the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is strongest 7 ± 3 days after the second dose of the vaccine. Lactating mothers breastfeeding their children after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 may transfer antibodies to their infant.
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Bajpai D, Shah D, Bose S, Deb S, Gandhi C, Modi T, Rao N, Kumar K, Saxena N, Katyal A, Patil A, Thakare S, Pajai AE, Nataraj G, Jamale TE. Development and longevity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients after symptomatic COVID-19. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13646. [PMID: 34028939 PMCID: PMC8209871 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bajpai
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepal Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sreyashi Bose
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Satarupa Deb
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Chintan Gandhi
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Tulsi Modi
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Kruteesh Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil Saxena
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhinav Katyal
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita Patil
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sayali Thakare
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Atim E Pajai
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Gita Nataraj
- Department of Microbiology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Tukaram E Jamale
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Khaire NS, Jindal N, Yaddanapudi LN, Sachdev S, Hans R, Sachdeva N, Singh MP, Agarwal A, Mukherjee A, Kumar G, Sharma RR, Suri V, Puri GD, Malhotra P. Use of convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in India: A review & practical guidelines. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:64-85. [PMID: 33818467 PMCID: PMC8184072 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3092_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is one of the promising therapies being tried for COVID-19 patients. This passive immunity mode involves separating preformed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from a recently recovered COVID-19 patient and infusing it into a patient with active disease or an exposed individual for prophylaxis. Its advantages include ease of production, rapid deployment, specificity against the target infectious agent, and scalability. In the current pandemic, it has been used on a large scale across the globe and also in India. However, unequivocal proof of efficacy and effectiveness in COVID-19 is still not available. Various CP therapy parameters such as donor selection, antibody quantification, timing of use, and dosing need to be considered before its use. The current review attempts to summarize the available evidence and provide recommendations for setting up CP protocols in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Shiwaji Khaire
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nishant Jindal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lakshmi Narayana Yaddanapudi
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suchet Sachdev
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rekha Hans
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mini P. Singh
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anup Agarwal
- Clinical Trial & Health System Research Unit, Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Mukherjee
- Clinical Trial & Health System Research Unit, Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Clinical Trial & Health System Research Unit, Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratti Ram Sharma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Goverdhan Dutt Puri
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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30
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Lenicek Krleza J, Zrinski Topic R, Stevanovic V, Lukic-Grlic A, Tabain I, Misak Z, Roic G, Kaic B, Mayer D, Hruskar Z, Barbic L, Vilibic-Cavlek T. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children in Children's Hospital Zagreb during the initial and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2021; 31:020706. [PMID: 33927556 PMCID: PMC8047792 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2021.020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and titres of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children treated at the Children’s Hospital Zagreb in the first and the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical significance of difference at two time points was done to determine how restrictive epidemiological measures and exposure of children to COVID-19 infection affect this prevalence in different age groups. Materials and methods At the first time point (13th to 29th May 2020), 240 samples and in second time point (24th October to 23rd November 2020), 308 serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Confirmation of results and titre determination was done using virus micro-neutralization test. Subjects were divided according to gender, age and epidemiological history. Results Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies differs significantly in two time points (P = 0.010). In first time point 2.9% of seropositive children were determined and in second time point 8.4%. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.007) of seroprevalence between two time points was found only in a group of children aged 11-19 years. At the first time point, all seropositive children were asymptomatic with titre < 8. At the second time point, 69.2% seropositive children were asymptomatic with titre ≥ 8. Conclusions The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly lower at the first time point than at the second time point. Values of virus micro-neutralization test showed that low titre in asymptomatic children was not protective at the first time point but in second time point all seropositive children had protective titre of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lenicek Krleza
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Zrinski Topic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amarela Lukic-Grlic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinjka Misak
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Roic
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bernard Kaic
- Department of Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Mayer
- Department for Monitoring and Improving of School and Youth Health, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Hruskar
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Cotugno N, Ruggiero A, Bonfante F, Petrara MR, Zicari S, Pascucci GR, Zangari P, De Ioris MA, Santilli V, Manno EC, Amodio D, Bortolami A, Pagliari M, Concato C, Linardos G, Campana A, Donà D, Giaquinto C, Brodin P, Rossi P, De Rossi A, Palma P. Virological and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-infected children who develop neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108852. [PMID: 33730580 PMCID: PMC7962998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global COVID-19 pandemic progresses, it is paramount to gain knowledge on adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children to define immune correlates of protection upon immunization or infection. We analyzed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their neutralizing activity (PRNT) in 66 COVID-19-infected children at 7 (±2) days after symptom onset. Individuals with specific humoral responses presented faster virus clearance and lower viral load associated with a reduced in vitro infectivity. We demonstrated that the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+CD40L+ T cells and Spike-specific B cells were associated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the magnitude of neutralizing activity. The plasma proteome confirmed the association between cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity, and PRNT+ patients show higher viral signal transduction molecules (SLAMF1, CD244, CLEC4G). This work sheds lights on cellular and humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses in children, which may drive future vaccination trial endpoints and quarantine measures policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Petrara
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Unit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Zicari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zangari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Santilli
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - E C Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Bortolami
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagliari
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Concato
- Department of Laboratories, Division of Virology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Linardos
- Department of Laboratories, Division of Virology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Campana
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Donà
- Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Petter Brodin
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Unit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00185 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Capacci M, Infantino M, Grossi V, Lari B, Fabbri S, Bellucci A, Sani P, Perri A, Benucci M, Cristiano L, Pancani S, Amendola L, Veneziani F, Casprini P, Rogialli S, Manfredi M. Prevention and control of COVID-19 in the penitentiary of Florence. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:e239-e241. [PMID: 33554522 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Capacci
- Nuovo Complesso Penitenziario Sollicciano, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Lari
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Fabbri
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Bellucci
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sani
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perri
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Amendola
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Veneziani
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casprini
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
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Knoflach K, Holzapfel E, Roser T, Rudolph L, Paolini M, Muenchhoff M, Osterman A, Griese M, Kappler M, von Both U. Case Report: Unilateral Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy Associated With COVID-19 in a 2-year-old Child. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:756014. [PMID: 34976891 PMCID: PMC8718702 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.756014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children have been described to show neurological symptoms in acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We present a 2-year-old boy's clinical course of unilateral acute sixth nerve palsy in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Onset of the palsy in the otherwise healthy boy occurred seven days after symptoms attributed to acute infection had subsided respectively 3 weeks after onset of respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG was detected in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient showed a prolonged but self-limiting course with a full recovery after three and a half months. This case illustrates in a detailed chronological sequence that sixth cranial nerve involvement may occur as post-infectious, self-limiting complication of pediatric SARS-CoV-2-infection thus expanding the neurological spectrum of symptoms for children with COVID-19. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of post-infectious sixth nerve palsy related to SARS-CoV-2-infection particularly in view of recent respiratory tract infection or confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2-infection amongst the patient's close contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Knoflach
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Holzapfel
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Roser
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Rudolph
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich von Both
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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34
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Ciechanowicz P, Dopytalska K, Mikucka-Wituszyńska A, Dźwigała M, Wiszniewski K, Herniczek W, Szymańska E, Walecka I. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of the course of COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis treated with biologic therapy. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1581-1584. [PMID: 33317364 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1861177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologics are used for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. According to the recommendations of major global dermatological associations, patients who had not reported clinical symptoms or close contact with a confirmed/probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days can continue biologic therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, its clinical manifestations and the influence of COVID-19 on the course of the underlying disease in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and aggressive psoriatic arthritis undergoing biologic therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS All 61 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with biologics in the Dermatology Department of Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw were enrolled into the study. Firstly, the medical histories of these patients were assessed for occurrence of severe adverse events, COVID-19 symptoms and deaths. Afterwards, the prevalence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and severity of COVID-19 were assessed. RESULTS Ten patients in the study group have developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. One patient presented with mild COVID-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION While our study had a small sample size, ongoing biologic treatment in psoriasis was not associated with severe form of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciechanowicz
- Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dopytalska
- Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Mikucka-Wituszyńska
- Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dźwigała
- Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Elżbieta Szymańska
- Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Walecka
- Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Flehmig B, Schindler M, Ruetalo N, Businger R, Bayer M, Haage A, Kirchner T, Klingel K, Normann A, Pridzun L, Tougianidou D, Ranke MB. Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2020; 12:E1357. [PMID: 33260809 DOI: 10.3390/v12121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the nasopharyngeal virus load, IgA and IgG antibodies to both the S1-RBD-protein and the N-protein, as well as the neutralizing activity (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of moderately afflicted COVID-19 patients, needs further longitudinal investigation. Several new serological methods to examine these parameters were developed, validated and applied in three patients of a family which underwent an ambulatory course of COVID-19 for six months. The virus load had almost completely disappeared after about four weeks. Serum IgA levels to the S1-RBD-protein and, to a lesser extent, to the N-protein, peaked about three weeks after clinical disease onset but declined soon thereafter. IgG levels rose continuously, reaching a plateau at approximately six weeks, and stayed elevated over the observation period. Virus-neutralizing activity reached a peak about 4 weeks after disease onset but dropped slowly. The longitudinal associations of virus neutralization and the serological immune response suggest immunity in patients even after a mild clinical course of COVID-19.
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36
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Bruni M, Cecatiello V, Diaz-Basabe A, Lattanzi G, Mileti E, Monzani S, Pirovano L, Rizzelli F, Visintin C, Bonizzi G, Giani M, Lavitrano M, Faravelli S, Forneris F, Caprioli F, Pelicci PG, Natoli G, Pasqualato S, Mapelli M, Facciotti F. Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3188. [PMID: 33019628 PMCID: PMC7600936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected early during the infection, several outstanding questions remain to be addressed regarding the magnitude and persistence of antibody titer against different viral proteins and their correlation with the strength of the immune response. An ELISA assay has been developed by expressing and purifying the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), Soluble Ectodomain (Spike), and full length Nucleocapsid protein (N). Sera from healthcare workers affected by non-severe COVID-19 were longitudinally collected over four weeks, and compared to sera from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the presence of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies as well as soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in the sera. Non-hospitalized subjects showed lower antibody titers and blood pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles as compared to patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU), irrespective of the antibodies tested. Noteworthy, in non-severe COVID-19 infections, antibody titers against RBD and Spike, but not against the N protein, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased within a month after viral clearance. Thus, rapid decline in antibody titers and in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a common feature of non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that antibody-mediated protection against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 is of short duration. These results suggest caution in using serological testing to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bruni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Angelica Diaz-Basabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Mileti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Monzani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Laura Pirovano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Rizzelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Clara Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Giani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Silvia Faravelli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Via F. Sforza 35, 20135 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza 35, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (V.C.); (A.D.-B.); (G.L.); (E.M.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (F.R.); (C.V.); (G.B.); (P.G.P.); (G.N.); (S.P.); (M.M.)
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Sachithanandham J, Thio CL, Balagopal A. The Natural History of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Composite But Incomplete Picture. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e2943-e2945. [PMID: 33090197 PMCID: PMC7543307 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhang L, Pang R, Xue X, Bao J, Ye S, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Fu Q, Hu Z, Yi Y. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6536-6542. [PMID: 32320384 PMCID: PMC7202482 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma (CP), which may be useful in severe Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, have been rarely reported. Results: A total of eight donors were considered for enrollment; two of them were excluded because of ineligible routine check. Of the six remaining participants, five samples were tested weakly positive by the IgM ELISA. Meanwhile, high titers of IgG were observed in five samples. The patient treated with CP did not require mechanical ventilation 11 days after plasma transfusion, and was then transferred to a general ward. Conclusions: Our serological findings in convalescent plasma from recovered patients may help facilitate understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish CP donor screening protocol in COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies including IgM and IgG were measured by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in convalescent plasma from six donors who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nanjing, China. CP was also utilized for the treatment of one severe COVID-19 patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jingjing Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Apheresis, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudong Dai
- Department of Blood Management, Administrative Office, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yishan Zheng
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Blood Management, Administrative Office, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiliang Hu
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, China
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