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Cyrino FVR, Marques JPG, Jorge R. RECURRENT OPTIC DISC PIT MACULOPATHY DUE TO VALSALVA'S MANEUVER. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:340-345. [PMID: 36728179 PMCID: PMC11027969 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a patient with recurrent optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy after Valsalva's maneuver and discuss its pathophysiology. We also hypothesize the role of Valsalva's maneuver in its genesis. METHOD Case report of one patient, male, 12 years old. RESULTS Serous retinal detachment may occur in association with the ODP, a developmental anomaly of the optic nerve head. Histopathologically, it consists of a dysplastic retina herniation into a pocket extending posteriorly through a defect in the lamina cribrosa into the subarachnoid space. These three different compartments-intraocular space, optic nerve head, and subarachnoid space-and the dynamic interactions among them should be understood as the key factors for the occurrence of ODP-related serous retinal detachment. CONCLUSION Based on the possibility that serous retinal detachment secondary to the ODP could be related to the Valsalva's maneuver, we strongly recommend that patients with ODP be advised to avoid intense physical or work activities that may increase abdominal, thoracic, and cerebral pressure and to refrain from playing wind instruments to avoid pretreatment, per treatment, and post-treatment intercurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Veiga Reis Cyrino
- Retina and Vitreous Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao Pedro Guzzi Marques
- Ophtalmology Resident, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Rodrigo Jorge
- Head of the Retina and Vitreous Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kanwar K, Bashey S, Bohnsack BL, Drackley A, Ing A, Rahmani S, Ranaivo HR, McMullen P, Skol A, Yap K, Allegretti V, Rossen JL. Ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in a pediatric cohort with genotype/phenotype analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63618. [PMID: 38597178 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare multi-system condition associated with CHD7 variants. However, ocular manifestations and particularly ophthalmic genotype-phenotype associations, are not well-studied. This study evaluated ocular manifestations and genotype-phenotype associations in pediatric patients with CHARGE syndrome. A retrospective chart review included pediatric patients under 20 years-old with clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome and documented ophthalmic examination. Demographics, genetic testing, and ocular findings were collected. Comprehensive literature review enhanced the genotype-phenotype analysis. Forty-two patients (20 male) underwent eye examination at an average age of 9.45 ± 6.52 years-old. Thirty-nine (93%) had ophthalmic manifestations in at least one eye. Optic nerve/chorioretinal colobomas were most common (38 patients), followed by microphthalmia (13), cataract (6), and iris colobomas (4). Extraocular findings included strabismus (32 patients), nasolacrimal duct obstructions (11, 5 with punctal agenesis), and cranial nerve VII palsy (10). Genotype-phenotype analyses (27 patients) showed variability in ocular phenotypes without association to location or variant types. Splicing (10 patients) and frameshift (10) variants were most prevalent. Patients with CHARGE syndrome may present with a myriad of ophthalmic manifestations. There is limited data regarding genotype-phenotype correlations and additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kanwar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saffiya Bashey
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy Drackley
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Ing
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Safa Rahmani
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Skol
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kailee Yap
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valerie Allegretti
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rossen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Georoff TA, Marlar AB. Retrospective review of eyelid coloboma in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) housed under managed care in North America: 49 cases (2000-2020). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-8. [PMID: 37607678 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.04.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine incidence, trends in presentation, associated ocular lesions and other diseases, treatment modalities, and case outcomes of eyelid coloboma cases in snow leopards. ANIMALS 49 snow leopards with eyelid coloboma living under managed care in North America. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify snow leopards in which eyelid coloboma was diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020. Data recorded from each animal included signalment, ophthalmic examination information, clinical signs, concurrent health conditions, medical and/or surgical interventions, time to resolution of signs, recurrence of clinical signs, and direct relatives with a history of eyelid coloboma. RESULTS Ocular clinical signs were present at diagnosis in most cases but not seen in all cases. Corrective procedures were undertaken in 39 cases. Clinical signs were resolved by the total combination of interventions in 84.6% of individuals; however, signs resolved in only 33.3% of cases after a single surgical reconstruction or cryoablation procedure per eye. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eyelid coloboma is widespread in the North American snow leopard population. A high percentage (73.5%) have an affected sibling, parent, or grandparent, suggesting a heritable component. Surgical correction resolves or improves clinical signs in most cases, but there is a high rate of postprocedural complications with all procedure types employed. Most complications are minor and manageable, but these can also impact case outcomes. Animals require long-term monitoring, as clinical signs may recur (in some cases, years after initial signs are reported to be resolved), and some animals may require long-term care to manage signs.
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Yang G, Mack H, Harraka P, Colville D, Savige J. Ocular manifestations of the genetic renal tubulopathies. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:515-529. [PMID: 37702059 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2253901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic tubulopathies are rare and heterogenous disorders that are often difficult to identify. This study examined the tubulopathy-causing genes for ocular associations that suggested their genetic basis and, in some cases, the affected gene. METHODS Sixty-seven genes from the Genomics England renal tubulopathy panel were reviewed for ocular features, and for retinal expression in the Human Protein Atlas and an ocular phenotype in mouse models in the Mouse Genome Informatics database. The genes resulted in disease affecting the proximal tubules (n = 24); the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (n = 10); the distal convoluted tubule (n = 15); or the collecting duct (n = 18). RESULTS Twenty-five of the tubulopathy-associated genes (37%) had ocular features reported in human disease, 49 (73%) were expressed in the retina, although often at low levels, and 16 (24%) of the corresponding mouse models had an ocular phenotype. Ocular abnormalities were more common in genes affected in the proximal tubulopathies (17/24, 71%) than elsewhere (7/43, 16%). They included structural features (coloboma, microphthalmia); refractive errors (myopia, astigmatism); crystal deposition (in oxalosis, cystinosis) and sclerochoroidal calcification (in Bartter, Gitelman syndromes). Retinal atrophy was common in the mitochondrial-associated tubulopathies. Structural abnormalities and crystal deposition were present from childhood, but sclerochoroidal calcification typically occurred after middle age. CONCLUSIONS Ocular abnormalities are uncommon in the genetic tubulopathies but may be helpful in recognizing the underlying genetic disease. The retinal expression and mouse phenotype data suggest that further ocular associations may become apparent with additional reports. Early identification may be necessary to monitor and treat visual complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeFei Yang
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Heather Mack
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Harraka
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Deb Colville
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judy Savige
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Jedlickova J, Vajter M, Barta T, Black GCM, Perveen R, Mares J, Fichtl M, Kousal B, Dudakova L, Liskova P. MIR204 n.37C>T variant as a cause of chorioretinal dystrophy variably associated with iris coloboma, early-onset cataracts and congenital glaucoma. Clin Genet 2023; 104:418-426. [PMID: 37321975 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Four members of a three-generation Czech family with early-onset chorioretinal dystrophy were shown to be heterozygous carriers of the n.37C>T in MIR204. The identification of this previously reported pathogenic variant confirms the existence of a distinct clinical entity caused by a sequence change in MIR204. Chorioretinal dystrophy was variably associated with iris coloboma, congenital glaucoma, and premature cataracts extending the phenotypic range of the condition. In silico analysis of the n.37C>T variant revealed 713 novel targets. Additionally, four family members were shown to be affected by albinism resulting from biallelic pathogenic OCA2 variants. Haplotype analysis excluded relatedness with the original family reported to harbour the n.37C>T variant in MIR204. Identification of a second independent family confirms the existence of a distinct MIR204-associated clinical entity and suggests that the phenotype may also involve congenital glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jedlickova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vajter
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graeme C M Black
- Division of Evolution, and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rahat Perveen
- Division of Evolution, and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Fichtl
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kousal
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Alshaikh LA, Helayel HB, Al-Swailem SA. Implantable Collamer Lens Subluxation in a Patient with Lenticular Coloboma: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e940535. [PMID: 37691282 PMCID: PMC10500945 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.940535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of the implantable collamer lens (ICL) in correcting high astigmatism have been previously reported. They are commonly used as an alternative to laser refractive surgery due to advantages such as leaving the cornea untouched, inducing fewer higher-order aberrations, resulting in better optical and visual quality, and it is a reversible procedure. We aim to present the outcome of ICL in managing anisometropia without cataract in an eye with unilateral lenticular coloboma. CASE REPORT A 27-year-old man with a Marfanoid body habitus was seeking refractive surgery for the correction of high astigmatism in the right eye. On presentation, the best corrected visual acuity was 20/30 and 20/20 in the right eye and left eye, respectively. Slit lamp examination indicated inferior lens coloboma extending from the 5 o'clock to the 7: 30 o'clock position in the right eye, after dilation of pupil. Following a complete refractive work-up, a toric ICL implantation was the presumed suitable surgery. Three weeks postoperatively, central vaulting was low, his ICL subluxated inferiorly, and the previously implanted temporal footplates were resting over the lenticular defect inferiorly. A high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed the presence of a ciliary body (CB) cyst at 9 o'clock position. Urgent explantation of the unstable ICL was performed. CONCLUSIONS This case report emphasizes the challenges and limitations associated with ICL implantation in patients with lenticular colobomas and coexisting CB cyst. Selecting smaller lenticular colobomas and avoiding direct interaction between the weak zonules area and the ICL haptics are important steps to ensure the stability of implanted lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamees Al Alshaikh
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah Bin Helayel
- Anterior Segment Division, Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A. Al-Swailem
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Anterior Segment Division, Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Reddy S, Simmers R, Shah A, Couser N. NPHP1-Related ciliopathies: A new case and major review of the ophthalmic manifestations of 147 reported cases. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7818. [PMID: 37663822 PMCID: PMC10468586 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our case report and review contribute to the understanding of ocular manifestations in NPHP1 ciliopathies by reinforcing the relationship between pathogenic genetic variants and a wide array of ophthalmic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivania Reddy
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Russell Simmers
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Arth Shah
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Natario Couser
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of PediatricsVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCURichmondVirginiaUSA
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8
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Cheruvu VPR, Khan MM, Arora M, Chaudary V. Nasopalpebral Lipoma sine Coloboma Syndrome-First Case Report. Indian J Plast Surg 2023; 56:276-279. [PMID: 37435343 PMCID: PMC10332910 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome was described for the first time in 1982. It is an autosomal dominant syndrome with complete penetrance and is characterized by features like congenital symmetric upper eyelid and nasopalpebral lipomas, bilateral symmetric upper and lower eyelid colobomas, broad forehead, widow's peak, abnormal eyebrow pattern, telecanthus, broad nasal bridge, maxillary hypoplasia, and ophthalmological abnormalities. We report a case of a milder variant of the nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome that we have termed "nasopalpebral lipoma sine coloboma syndrome." Such a milder variant is not reported hitherto in the literature. We also describe the surgical correction of the deformity in a case that presented in adulthood, with a satisfactory and pleasing aesthetic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash Rao Cheruvu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manal M. Khan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madhuri Arora
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Chaudary
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ramakrishnan IL, Taksande A. Waardenburg syndrome. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:23. [PMID: 37521761 PMCID: PMC10386520 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.23.38829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iyer Lavanya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amar Taksande
- Department of Pediatrics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Seese SE, Muheisen S, Gath N, Gross JM, Semina EV. Identification of HSPA8 as an interacting partner of MAB21L2 and an important factor in eye development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:510-526. [PMID: 36576422 PMCID: PMC10947772 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in human MAB21L2 result in microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. The exact molecular function of MAB21L2 is currently unknown. We conducted a series of yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments to determine protein interactomes of normal human and zebrafish MAB21L2/mab21l2 as well as human disease-associated variant MAB21L2-p.(Arg51Gly) using human adult retina and zebrafish embryo libraries. RESULTS These screens identified klhl31, tnpo1, TNPO2/tnpo2, KLC2/klc2, and SPTBN1/sptbn1 as co-factors of MAB21L2/mab21l2. Several factors, including hspa8 and hspa5, were found to interact with MAB21L2-p.Arg51Gly but not wild-type MAB21L2/mab21l2 in Y2H screens. Further analyses via 1-by-1 Y2H assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry revealed that both normal and variant MAB21L2 interact with HSPA5 and HSPA8. In situ hybridization detected co-expression of hspa5 and hspa8 with mab21l2 during eye development in zebrafish. Examination of zebrafish mutant hspa8hi138Tg identified reduced hspa8 expression associated with severe ocular developmental defects, including small eye, coloboma, and anterior segment dysgenesis. To investigate the effects of hspa8 deficiency on the mab21l2Arg51_Phe52del allele, corresponding zebrafish double mutants were generated and found to be more severely affected than single mutant lines. CONCLUSION This study identifies heat shock proteins as interacting partners of MAB21L2/mab21l2 and suggests a role for this interaction in vertebrate eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Seese
- Department of Pediatrics The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sanaa Muheisen
- Department of Pediatrics The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Natalie Gath
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Gross
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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11
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Shah SS, Fulton A, Jabroun M, Brightman D, Simpson BN, Bodamer OA. Insights into the genotype-phenotype relationship of ocular manifestations in Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1325-1338. [PMID: 36891680 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
We aim to assess if genotype-phenotype correlations are present within ocular manifestations of Kabuki syndrome (KS) among a large multicenter cohort. We conducted a retrospective, medical record review including clinical history and comprehensive ophthalmological examinations of a total of 47 individuals with molecularly confirmed KS and ocular manifestations at Boston Children's Hospital and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. We assessed information regarding ocular structural, functional, and adnexal elements as well as pertinent associated phenotypic features associated with KS. For both type 1 KS (KS1) and type 2 KS (KS2), we observed more severe eye pathology in nonsense variants towards the C-terminus of each gene, KMT2D and KDM6A, respectively. Furthermore, frameshift variants appeared to be not associated with structural ocular elements. Between both types of KS, ocular structural elements were more frequently identified in KS1 compared with KS2, which only involved the optic disc in our cohort. These results reinforce the need for a comprehensive ophthalmologic exam upon diagnosis of KS and regular follow-up exams. The specific genotype may allow risk stratification of the severity of the ophthalmologic manifestation. However, additional studies involving larger cohorts are needed to replicate our observations and conduct powered analyses to more formally risk-stratify based on genotype, highlighting the importance of multicenter collaborations in rare disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj S Shah
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Fulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mireille Jabroun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Diana Brightman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brittany N Simpson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Olaf A Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Franco JJ, Pineda R. Conforming to the anatomy and not the standard: A technique of eccentric capsulorrhexis and intraocular lens haptic amputation for eyes with iris coloboma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023:11206721231155208. [PMID: 36849446 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel technique for cataract surgery in patients with iris coloboma. METHODS The technique involves 1) creation of an inferiorly displaced capsulorrhexis and 2) amputation of one intraocular lens (IOL) haptic, thus allowing for controlled IOL decentration in the direction of an inferior iris defect. RESULTS We report favorable outcomes in two eyes (one patient) where eccentric capsulorrhexis and haptic amputation were employed during one-piece IOL repositioning in one eye and cataract surgery with three-piece IOL implantation in the contralateral eye. CONCLUSION In coloboma patients who are asymptomatic from their iris defect and do not have a cosmetic desire for repair, eccentric capsulorrhexis and IOL haptic amputation is a viable surgical option that allows for the preservation of a clear visual axis without the need for iris repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Pineda
- 1811Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, 1866Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, USA
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13
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Trejo-Reveles V, Owen N, Ching Chan BH, Toms M, Schoenebeck JJ, Moosajee M, Rainger J. Identification of Novel Coloboma Candidate Genes through Conserved Gene Expression Analyses across Four Vertebrate Species. Biomolecules 2023; 13:293. [PMID: 36830662 PMCID: PMC9953556 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular coloboma (OC) is a failure of complete optic fissure closure during embryonic development and presents as a tissue defect along the proximal-distal axis of the ventral eye. It is classed as part of the clinical spectrum of structural eye malformations with microphthalmia and anophthalmia, collectively abbreviated to MAC. Despite deliberate attempts to identify causative variants in MAC, many patients remain without a genetic diagnosis. To reveal potential candidate genes, we utilised transcriptomes experimentally generated from embryonic eye tissues derived from humans, mice, zebrafish, and chicken at stages coincident with optic fissure closure. Our in-silico analyses found 10 genes with optic fissure-specific enriched expression: ALDH1A3, BMPR1B, EMX2, EPHB3, NID1, NTN1, PAX2, SMOC1, TENM3, and VAX1. In situ hybridization revealed that all 10 genes were broadly expressed ventrally in the developing eye but that only PAX2 and NTN1 were expressed in cells at the edges of the optic fissure margin. Of these conserved optic fissure genes, EMX2, NID1, and EPHB3 have not previously been associated with human MAC cases. Targeted genetic manipulation in zebrafish embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 caused the developmental MAC phenotype for emx2 and ephb3. We analysed available whole genome sequencing datasets from MAC patients and identified a range of variants with plausible causality. In combination, our data suggest that expression of genes involved in ventral eye development is conserved across a range of vertebrate species and that EMX2, NID1, and EPHB3 are candidate loci that warrant further functional analysis in the context of MAC and should be considered for sequencing in cohorts of patients with structural eye malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Trejo-Reveles
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1A, UK
| | - Brian Ho Ching Chan
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Maria Toms
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1A, UK
| | - Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1A, UK
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Joe Rainger
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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14
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George A, Lee J, Liu J, Kim S, Brooks BP. Zebrafish model of RERE syndrome recapitulates key ophthalmic defects that are rescued by small molecule inhibitor of shh signaling. Dev Dyn 2022; 252:495-509. [PMID: 36576487 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RERE is a highly conserved transcriptional co-regulator that is associated with a human neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart (NEDBEH, OMIM: 616975). RESULTS We show that the zebrafish rerea mutant (babyface) robustly recapitulates optic fissure closure defects resulting from loss of RERE function, as observed in humans. These defects result from expansion of proximal retinal optic stalk (OS) and reduced expression of some of the ventral retinal fate genes due to deregulated protein signaling. Using zebrafish and cell-based assays, we determined that NEDBEH-associated human RERE variants function as hypomorphs in their ability to repress shh signaling and some exhibit abnormal nuclear localization. Inhibiting shh signaling by the protein inhibitor HPI-1 rescues coloboma, confirming our observation that coloboma in rerea mutants is indeed due to deregulation of shh signaling. CONCLUSIONS Zebrafish rerea mutants exhibit OS and optic fissure closure defects. The optic fissure closure defect was rescued by an shh signaling inhibitor, suggesting that this defect could arise due to deregulated shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman George
- Pediatric Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerry Lee
- Pediatric Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Liu
- Pediatric Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzie Kim
- Pediatric Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Pediatric Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Sirek S, Filipek E, Wójcik–Niklewska B, Pojda-Wilczek D, Mrukwa-Kominek E. Ocular features in Aicardi syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31950. [PMID: 36626525 PMCID: PMC9750684 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aicardi syndrome is a genetic malformation syndrome with a triad of dysgenesis or agenesis of the corpus callosum, distinctive chorioretinal lacunae and infantile spasms. It is a rare developmental disorder first described in 1965. The disease affects 1 in 100,000 live births. PATIENT CONCERNS We describe a 34-month-old girl diagnosed with Aicardi Syndrome. DIAGNOSIS Based on the results of color images of the fundus, medical history as well as the analysis of karyotype and DNA microarrays, the patient was diagnosed with Aicardi's syndrome. INTERVENTIONS Additionally an B-scan ultrasonography and an electrophysiological test was performed. OUTCOME Fundoscopic examination revealed optic disc colobomas in both eyes, extensive chorioretinal lacunae at the posterior pole with retinal pigment epithelium regrouping and atrophy. Flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) P2 amplitude was lower than normal range. B-scan ultrasonography revealed an optic disc lesion consistent with optic disk coloboma. LESSONS Children with congenital central nervous system malformations should undergo regular ophthalmic checkups to facilitate diagnosis and determine prognosis of visual function development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sirek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Centre, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Sirek, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Centre, Ceglana 35, 40-514 Katowice, Poland (e-mail: )
| | - Erita Filipek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Wójcik–Niklewska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Pojda-Wilczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Centre, Katowice, Poland
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16
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Holt R, Goudie D, Verde AD, Gardham A, Ramond F, Putoux A, Sarkar A, Clowes V, Clayton-Smith J, Banka S, Cortazar Galarza L, Thuret G, Ubeda Erviti M, Zurutuza Ibarguren A, Sáez Villaverde R, Tamayo Durán A, Ayuso C, Bax DA, Plaisancie J, Corton M, Chassaing N, Calvas P, Ragge NK. Individuals with heterozygous variants in the Wnt-signalling pathway gene FZD5 delineate a phenotype characterized by isolated coloboma and variable expressivity. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:809-816. [PMID: 36695497 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2144905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma are a genetically heterogenous spectrum of developmental eye disorders. Recently, variants in the Wnt-pathway gene Frizzled Class Receptor 5 (FZD5) have been identified in individuals with coloboma and rarely microphthalmia, sometimes with additional phenotypes and variable penetrance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified variants in FZD5 in individuals with developmental eye disorders from the UK (including the DDD Study [www.ddduk.org/access.html]), France and Spain using whole genome/exome sequencing or customized NGS panels of ocular development genes. RESULTS We report eight new families with FZD5 variants and ocular coloboma. Three individuals presented with additional syndromic features, two explicable by additional variants in other genes (SLC12A2 and DDX3X). In two families initially showing incomplete penetrance, re-examination of apparently unaffected carrier individuals revealed subtle ocular colobomatous phenotypes. Finally, we report two families with microphthalmia in addition to coloboma, representing the second and third reported cases of this phenotype in conjunction with FZD5 variants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate FZD5 variants are typically associated with isolated ocular coloboma, occasionally microphthalmia, and that extraocular phenotypes are likely to be explained by other gene alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - David Goudie
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Alejandra Damián Verde
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francis Ramond
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Biologique, CHU de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,Équipe GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginia Clowes
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Cortazar Galarza
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marta Ubeda Erviti
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ane Zurutuza Ibarguren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Tamayo Durán
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorine A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Julie Plaisancie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, France
| | - Nicola K Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.,West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Boobalan E, Thompson AH, Alur RP, McGaughey DM, Dong L, Shih G, Vieta-Ferrer ER, Onojafe IF, Kalaskar VK, Arno G, Lotery AJ, Guan B, Bender C, Memon O, Brinster L, Soleilhavoup C, Panman L, Badea TC, Minella A, Lopez AJ, Thomasy SM, Moshiri A, Blain D, Hufnagel RB, Cogliati T, Bharti K, Brooks BP. Zfp503/Nlz2 Is Required for RPE Differentiation and Optic Fissure Closure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:5. [PMID: 36326727 PMCID: PMC9645360 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uveal coloboma is a congenital eye malformation caused by failure of the optic fissure to close in early human development. Despite significant progress in identifying genes whose regulation is important for executing this closure, mutations are detected in a minority of cases using known gene panels, implying additional genetic complexity. We have previously shown knockdown of znf503 (the ortholog of mouse Zfp503) in zebrafish causes coloboma. Here we characterize Zfp503 knockout (KO) mice and evaluate transcriptomic profiling of mutant versus wild-type (WT) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid. Methods Zfp503 KO mice were generated by gene targeting using homologous recombination. Embryos were characterized grossly and histologically. Patterns and level of developmentally relevant proteins/genes were examined with immunostaining/in situ hybridization. The transcriptomic profile of E11.5 KO RPE/choroid was compared to that of WT. Results Zfp503 is dynamically expressed in developing mouse eyes, and loss of its expression results in uveal coloboma. KO embryos exhibit altered mRNA levels and expression patterns of several key transcription factors involved in eye development, including Otx2, Mitf, Pax6, Pax2, Vax1, and Vax2, resulting in a failure to maintain the presumptive RPE, as evidenced by reduced melanin pigmentation and its differentiation into a neural retina-like lineage. Comparison of RNA sequencing data from WT and KO E11.5 embryos demonstrated reduced expression of melanin-related genes and significant overlap with genes known to be dynamically regulated at the optic fissure. Conclusions These results demonstrate a critical role of Zfp503 in maintaining RPE fate and optic fissure closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elangovan Boobalan
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Amy H. Thompson
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ramakrishna P. Alur
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David M. McGaughey
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lijin Dong
- Mouse Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Grace Shih
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Emile R. Vieta-Ferrer
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ighovie F. Onojafe
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Vijay K. Kalaskar
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Gavin Arno
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chelsea Bender
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Omar Memon
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lauren Brinster
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Lia Panman
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tudor C. Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development and Genetics Unit, Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States,Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brașov, Brașov, Romania,National Center for Brain Research, ICIA, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, România
| | - Andrea Minella
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Antonio Jacobo Lopez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Delphine Blain
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Tiziana Cogliati
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Brian P. Brooks
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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18
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Kaur R, Khan B, Narayanan R. Choroidal coloboma with internal limiting membrane folds: A rare association. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2714-2715. [PMID: 35791218 PMCID: PMC9426180 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2459_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Banur, Punjab, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Clinical Research, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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19
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Garcia MD, Salomao DR, Wagner LH. Orbital Cyst with Ependymal Differentiation Associated with Microphthalmia. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:278-280. [PMID: 32449400 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1770387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOrbital cysts associated with microphthalmia are colobomatous lesions that typically present unilaterally and posterior to the globe. Case Report: A male infant had an orbital cyst associated with microphthalmia located anterior to the globe composed of a neuroglial wall, ependymal-like epithelial lining, with synaptophysin-positive cells resembling the retinal neuronal layer. Conclusion: This orbital cyst may represent a malformation of the eye rather than an encephalocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Diva R Salomao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lilly H Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
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20
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Gholami Yarahmadi S, Sarlaki F, Morovvati S. Novel mutation in TENM3 gene in an Iranian patient with colobomatous microphthalmia. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05532. [PMID: 35280100 PMCID: PMC8905136 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation revealed a homozygous c.5069-1G>C variation in TENM3 gene although has not been reported for its pathogenicity and can be considered as a novel mutation. The present finding can be used for genetic diagnosis and detection of carriers in the family and other patients with similar disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saeid Morovvati
- School of Advanced Sciences and TechnologyIslamic Azad University‐Tehran Medical SciencesTehranIran
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21
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Gray AP, Sato Y, Miyadera K, Aguirre GD. Novel insights into chorioretinal and juxtapapillary colobomas by optical coherence tomography. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25 Suppl 1:136-143. [PMID: 35092136 PMCID: PMC9247035 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to describe the in vivo microanatomy of typical and atypical chorioretinal and juxtapapillary colobomas in the dog. METHODS Three cross-breed dogs were found to be affected with colobomas. Two of the cases were NEHJ1 homozygous and Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) affected and had the typical optic nerve head colobomas seen with the disease. The third case had an unexpected atypical coloboma. In vivo retinal photography and non-invasive retinal imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were done, and the eye affected with the atypical coloboma was collected and processed for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The majority of the defining features within the CEA defects were similar, with the extent of change to the choroid being of note. Similar to the first two cases, the atypical coloboma demonstrated absent normal retina, RPE, and choroid within the coloboma. Prominent intercalary membranes and vitreal strands attached to the depth of the coloboma were also apparent in all affected eyes. However, unlike the CEA-associated colobomas, the atypical coloboma possessed normal choroid surrounding the lesion and the depth of the lesion was apparent throughout. CONCLUSIONS Advanced retinal imaging enables the appreciation of microanatomical changes that occur in the living eye. The ability of OCT to enhance visualization of abnormal retinal structures and detect subtle neurosensory retinal defects has allowed for the in vivo characterization of features observed in typical and atypical colobomas, as well as the appreciation of some of the resulting structural changes not visible by ophthalmoscopy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa P Gray
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Sato
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keiko Miyadera
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Gazdagh G, Mawby R, Self JE, Baralle D. A severe case of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome with a novel description of coloboma and septo-optic dysplasia, owing to a start codon variant in the NR2F1 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:900-906. [PMID: 34787370 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by a range of phenotypes including optic atrophy and intellectual disability among other features. Pathogenic variants in the NR2F1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1) gene have been linked to this condition. A recent report has shown that pathogenic variants in the start codon lead to decreased expression of the NR2F1 protein and a relatively mild phenotype, similar to that seen in whole gene deletions, and due to the lack of the dominant negative effect. Here we describe a severe case of BBSOAS with an initiation codon missense variant. The developmental delay, seizures, optic atrophy are in keeping with features observed in this condition, however this is the first report to describe colobomas and septo-optic dysplasia as associated features potentially extending the phenotype linked to BBSOAS. In addition, this is the first description of a severe phenotype linked to a de novo missense variant in the start codon of the NR2F1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gazdagh
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca Mawby
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jay E Self
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Aristizábal E, Diaz-Ordóñez L, Candelo E, Pachajoa H. A Novel Intronic KMT2D Variant as a Cause of Kabuki Syndrome: A Case Report. Appl Clin Genet 2021; 14:409-416. [PMID: 34675602 PMCID: PMC8502069 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s317723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which most cases are caused by de novo mutations. KS type 1 is caused by mutations in KMT2D (OMIM: #147920) and is more common. KS type 2 is caused by mutations in KDM6A (OMIM: #300867). Both genes encode proteins that modify histones and are involved in epigenetic regulation. The enzyme histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D, the product of KMT2D, is expressed in most adult tissues and is essential for early embryonic development. The main clinical manifestations of KS include dysmorphic facial features, such as elongated palpebral fissures, eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, and short nasal columella with a broad and depressed nasal tip. Additionally, patients also present with skeletal abnormalities, dermatoglyphic features, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, hearing loss, and postnatal growth deficiency. We describe an 11-year-old girl from Colombia, who presented with characteristic clinical signs of KS. Genetic studies showed a KMT2D intronic variant (KMT2D NM_003482.3: c.511‐2A> T) as a cause of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Aristizábal
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Lorena Diaz-Ordóñez
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Estephania Candelo
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Center for Research on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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24
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Abdulqader SA, Wli WA, Qaryaqos SH. Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome in a patient from Iraq - Kirkuk. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04897. [PMID: 34631081 PMCID: PMC8489269 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome is a very rare disorder with less than 60 cases reported worldwide. This is a case report of a patient with SHMS from Iraq, the first in the area of the Middle East. He had epilepsy during his first days of life and a subsequent neurodevelopmental delay.
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25
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Lusk S, Kwan KM. Pax2a, but not pax2b, influences cell survival and periocular mesenchyme localization to facilitate zebrafish optic fissure closure. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:625-644. [PMID: 34535934 PMCID: PMC8930785 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pax2 is required for optic fissure development in many organisms, including humans and zebrafish. Zebrafish loss‐of‐function mutations in pax2a display coloboma, yet the etiology of the morphogenetic defects is unclear. Further, pax2 is duplicated in zebrafish, and a role for pax2b in optic fissure development has not been examined. Results Using a combination of imaging and molecular genetics, we interrogated a potential role for pax2b and examined how loss of pax2 affects optic fissure development. Although optic fissure formation appears normal in pax2 mutants, an endothelial‐specific subset of periocular mesenchyme (POM) fails to initially localize within the optic fissure, yet both neural crest and endothelial‐derived POM ectopically accumulate at later stages in pax2a and pax2a; pax2b mutants. Apoptosis is not up‐regulated within the optic fissure in pax2 mutants, yet cell death is increased in tissues outside of the optic fissure, and when apoptosis is inhibited, coloboma is partially rescued. In contrast to pax2a, loss of pax2b does not appear to affect optic fissure morphogenesis. Conclusions Our results suggest that pax2a, but not pax2b, supports cell survival outside of the optic fissure and POM abundance within it to facilitate optic fissure closure. Zebrafish pax2a null mutants display a defect in optic fissure closure and coloboma Loss of pax2b does not affect optic fissure development An endothelial‐specific subset of periocular mesenchyme cells fails to initially localize to the optic fissure in pax2a mutants At a later stage of optic fissure development both neural crest and endothelial‐derived periocular mesenchyme ectopically accumulate within the optic fissure Pax2a mutants have increased apoptosis in surrounding tissues, but not within the optic fissure margin cells, and apoptosis in part underlies the coloboma phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lusk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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26
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Galvez-Ruiz A, Galindo-Ferreiro A, Lehner AJ. CHARGE syndrome: A case report of two new CDH7 gene mutations. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 34:306-309. [PMID: 34527879 PMCID: PMC8409354 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.322601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a genetic disorder comprising the following clinical features: coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, retardation (of growth and development), as well as genitourinary and ear abnormalities. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the CDH7 gene, located on chromosome 8 (8q12). We present two new gene mutations in two patients with CHARGE syndrome, not previously reported in the scientific literature. Both of these patients clearly demonstrate the difference in the clinical expression of this syndrome, with patient 1 having a greater clinical severity compared to patient 2. We conclude that although in the scientific literature to date there is no clear correlation between a patient's genotype and phenotype expression, we can assume from the cases we present that a correlation does in fact exist. Specifically, missense mutations (as in case of patient 2) are associated with milder clinical expression, whereas mutations which result in truncation of the CDH7 protein (as in the case of patient 1 having a nonsense mutation) may be associated with a more severe clinical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galvez-Ruiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anthony J Lehner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Eye Institute, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Gurnani B, Kaur K, Sekaran S. First case of coloboma, lens neovascularization, traumatic cataract, and retinal detachment in a young Asian female. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04743. [PMID: 34484773 PMCID: PMC8405537 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lens neovascularization is a very rare entity to be encountered in the clinical practice. It is possibly a result of chronic ocular inflammation due to injury and subsequent uveitis. Early diagnosis and meticulous management can salvage visual acuity in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Gurnani
- Cataract, Cornea and Refractive ServicesAravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of OphthalmologyPondicherryIndia
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ServicesAravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of OphthalmologyPondicherryIndia
| | - Subhashini Sekaran
- DNB ResidentAravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of OphthalmologyPondicherryIndia
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28
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Hay E, Henderson RH, Mansour S, Deshpande C, Jones R, Nutan S, Mankad K, Young RM, Moosajee M, Research Consortium GE, Arno G. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum consequent upon de novo WDR37 missense variants. Clin Genet 2021; 98:191-197. [PMID: 32530092 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural eye disorders are increasingly recognised as having a genetic basis, although current genetic testing is limited in its success. De novo missense variants in WDR37 are a recently described cause of a multisystemic syndromic disorder featuring ocular coloboma. This study characterises the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder and reports 2 de novo heterozygous variants (p.Thr115Ile, p.Ser119Tyr) in three unrelated Caucasian individuals. All had a clinical phenotype consisting of bilateral iris and retinal coloboma, developmental delay and additional, variable multisystem features. The variants fall within a highly conserved region upstream of the WD-repeat domains, within an apparent mutation cluster. Consistent with the literature, intellectual disability, structural eye disorders, epilepsy, congenital heart disease, genitorenal anomalies and dysmorphic facial features were observed. In addition, a broader developmental profile is reported with a more specific musculoskeletal phenotype described in association with the novel variant (p.Thr115Ile). We further expand the phenotypic spectrum of WDR37-related disorders to include those with milder developmental delay and strengthen the association of ocular coloboma and musculoskeletal features. We promote the inclusion of WDR37 on gene panels for intellectual disability, epilepsy and structural eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Hay
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert H Henderson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Savita Nutan
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Gavin Arno
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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29
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Guerios SD, Serrano MA, Moore BA, Montiani-Ferreira F. Lip Commissure to Eyelid Transposition Flap to Correct Eyelid Agenesis in Cats in a Shelter Setting - a Case Series. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 45:100557. [PMID: 34233226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Five cats were diagnosed with eyelid agenesis in a 6-month period at the Miami-Dade Animal Services, and a total of 9 blepharoplasties were performed using the lip commissure to eyelid transposition flap (LCET) technique. Eyelid agenesis affected 50%-80% of the superiolateral lid in all cats. Postoperatively, partial necrosis of the flap was observed in 4 and partial dehiscence was observed in 1 of the corrected eyelids, occurring where the buccal mucosa was sutured to the conjunctival mucosa. No cats with partial necrosis of the flap were known to have developed trichiasis due to scar tissue formed at the necrotic site. The single case in which dehiscence occurred developed slight trichiasis that may warrant further intervention to ensure permanent hair ablation. Eyelids were cosmetically acceptable and functional at final examination. Patients showed no evidence of initial discomfort at the surgical sites, nor discomfort or progression of corneal disease during the follow-up time. This case series documents a suitable technique to treat cat eyelid agenesis when referral to a specialist is not an option due to lack of resources, such as in shelters or low-cost veterinary clinics. The surgical technique, outcome and complications presented in this case series are evaluated, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A Serrano
- Shelter Medicine, Miami-Dade Animal Services, Doral, FL, USA
| | - Bret A Moore
- Comparative Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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30
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Seese SE, Reis LM, Deml B, Griffith C, Reich A, Jamieson RV, Semina EV. Identification of missense MAB21L1 variants in microphthalmia and aniridia. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:877-890. [PMID: 33973683 PMCID: PMC8238893 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microphthalmia, coloboma, and aniridia are congenital ocular phenotypes with a strong genetic component but often unknown cause. We present a likely causative novel variant in MAB21L1, c.152G>T p.(Arg51Leu), in two family members with microphthalmia and aniridia, as well as novel or rare compound heterozygous variants of uncertain significance, c.184C>T p.(Arg62Cys)/c.-68T>C, and c.658G>C p.(Gly220Arg)/c.*529A>G, in two additional probands with microphthalmia, coloboma and/or cataracts. All variants were predicted as damaging by in silico programs. In vitro studies of coding variants revealed normal subcellular localization but variable stability for the corresponding mutant proteins. In vivo complementation assays using the zebrafish mab21l2 Q48Sfs*5 loss-of-function line demonstrated that though overexpression of wild-type MAB21L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compensated for the loss of mab21l2, none of the coding variant mRNAs produced a statistically significant rescue, with p.(Arg51Leu) showing the highest degree of functional deficiency. Dominant variants in a close homolog of MAB21L1, MAB21L2, have been associated with microphthalmia and/or coloboma and repeatedly involved the same Arg51 residue, further supporting its pathogenicity. The possible role of p.(Arg62Cys) and p.(Gly220Arg) in microphthalmia is similarly supported by the observed functional defects, with or without an additional impact from noncoding MAB21L1 variants identified in each patient. This study suggests a broader spectrum of MAB21L1-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Seese
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and AnatomyThe Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Linda M. Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Brett Deml
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Present address:
PreventionGeneticsMarshfieldWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and AnatomyThe Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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31
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Onesimo R, Ricci D, Agazzi C, Leone S, Petrianni M, Orazi L, Amore F, Salerni A, Leoni C, Chieffo D, Tartaglia M, Mercuri E, Zampino G. Visual Function and Ophthalmological Findings in CHARGE Syndrome: Revision of Literature, Definition of a New Clinical Spectrum and Genotype Phenotype Correlation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070972. [PMID: 34202106 PMCID: PMC8303791 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease causing multiple anatomical defects and sensory impairment. Visual function is usually reported by caregivers and has never been described with a structured behavioral assessment. Our primary objective was to describe ocular abnormalities, visual function and genotype–ocular-phenotype correlation in CS. A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed on 14 children with CS carrying pathogenic CHD7 variants. All children underwent ophthalmological evaluation and structured behavioral assessment of visual function. The VISIOCHARGE questionnaire was administered to parents. Colobomas were present in 93% of patients. Genotype–phenotype correlation documented mitigated features in a subset of patients with intronic pathogenic variants predicted to affect transcript processing, and severe features in patients with frameshift/nonsense variants predicting protein truncation at the N-terminus. Abnormal visual function was present in all subjects, with different degrees of impairment. A significant correlation was found between visual function and age at assessment (p-value = 0.025). The present data are the first to characterize visual function in CS patients. They suggest that hypomorphic variants might be associated with milder features, and that visual function appears to be related to age. While studies with larger cohorts are required for confirmation, our data indicate that experience appears to influence everyday use of visual function more than ocular abnormalities do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630155210; Fax: +39-0630154363
| | - Daniela Ricci
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Agazzi
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Simona Leone
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Petrianni
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Orazi
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Amore
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Salerni
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Clinical psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Kohli G, Shah C, Sen A, Joshi R, Sood D, Patidar N, Sen P, Sharma D, Jain T. Cataract surgery in eyes with associated coloboma: Predictors of outcome and safety of different surgical techniques. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:937-945. [PMID: 33727463 PMCID: PMC8012976 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2276_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the outcome of cataract surgery with different surgical techniques in eyes with coexisting coloboma and to define factors of prognostic importance. Methods: Retrospective case sheet review of patients presenting between January 2016 and December 2018, who underwent cataract surgery in eyes with coexisting coloboma. Results: Of the 3,30,231 cases operated during the study period, 280 eyes of 276 patients had associated colobomatous malformation. The prevalence of coloboma in eyes undergoing cataract surgery was 0.085%. The mean age of the patients was 46.4 years (range 19 - 88 years). Phacoemulsification (PE) was performed in 130 eyes (46.4%), manual small incision cataract surgery (M-SICS) was done in 115 eyes (41.1%), and 35 eyes (12.5%) underwent intra capsular cataract extraction. Intra-operative complications were noted in 26 (9%) eyes. Incidence of intra-operative and post-operative complications was comparable between PE and M-SICS groups (p = 0.94). The mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from logMAR 1.71 ± 0.62 to 0.87 ± 0.61 (p = 0.00009). On multivariate analysis, microcornea (p = 0.002), type 1 and 2 coloboma (p < 0.001), and intraoperative complications (p = 0.001) were associated with poor visual outcome. Conclusion: Favorable functional outcomes can be achieved with phacoemulsification in eyes with softer cataract and corneal diameter >8 mm and with M-SICS in eyes with hard cataracts and corneal diameter of 6–8 mm. PE should be considered as the primary choice whenever permissible by the corneal diameter and severity of nuclear sclerosis. Poor functional outcomes were seen in eyes with smaller corneal diameter, extensive chorioretinal coloboma, and intraoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kohli
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chintan Shah
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Sen
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Joshi
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devindra Sood
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Patidar
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradhnya Sen
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Sharma
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tanya Jain
- Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Cirksena K, Hütte HJ, Shcherbakova A, Thumberger T, Sakson R, Weiss S, Jensen LR, Friedrich A, Todt D, Kuss AW, Ruppert T, Wittbrodt J, Bakker H, Buettner FFR. The C-Mannosylome of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Implies a Role for ADAMTS16 C-Mannosylation in Eye Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100092. [PMID: 33975020 PMCID: PMC8256286 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-mannosylation is a modification of tryptophan residues with a single mannose and can affect protein folding, secretion, and/or function. To date, only a few proteins have been demonstrated to be C-mannosylated, and studies that globally assess protein C-mannosylation are scarce. To interrogate the C-mannosylome of human induced pluripotent stem cells, we compared the secretomes of CRISPR–Cas9 mutants lacking either the C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L1 or DPY19L3 to WT human induced pluripotent stem cells using MS-based quantitative proteomics. The secretion of numerous proteins was reduced in these mutants, including that of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin Motifs 16 (ADAMTS16), an extracellular protease that was previously reported to be essential for optic fissure fusion in zebrafish eye development. To test the functional relevance of this observation, we targeted dpy19l1 or dpy19l3 in embryos of the Japanese rice fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) by CRISPR–Cas9. We observed that targeting of dpy19l3 partially caused defects in optic fissure fusion, called coloboma. We further showed in a cellular model that DPY19L1 and DPY19L3 mediate C-mannosylation of a recombinantly expressed thrombospondin type 1 repeat of ADAMTS16 and thereby support its secretion. Taken together, our findings imply that DPY19L3-mediated C-mannosylation is involved in eye development by assisting secretion of the extracellular protease ADAMTS16. TSR1 of ADAMTS16 can be C-mannosylated. Deletion of DPY19L1 or DPY19L3 in hiPSCs caused reduced secretion of ADAMTS16. Targeting of dpy19l3 in medaka occasionally led to coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Cirksena
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann J Hütte
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Sakson
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; HBIGS, Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Riff Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alina Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Bakker
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Riva A, Gambadauro A, Dipasquale V, Casto C, Ceravolo MD, Accogli A, Scala M, Ceravolo G, Iacomino M, Zara F, Striano P, Cuppari C, Di Rosa G, Cutrupi MC, Salpietro V, Chimenz R. Biallelic Variants in KIF17 Associated with Microphthalmia and Coloboma Spectrum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4471. [PMID: 33922911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) are a group of congenital eye anomalies that can affect one or both eyes. Patients can present one or a combination of these ocular abnormalities in the so called “MAC spectrum”. The KIF17 gene encodes the kinesin-like protein Kif17, a microtubule-based, ATP-dependent, motor protein that is pivotal for outer segment development and disc morphogenesis in different animal models, including mice and zebrafish. In this report, we describe a Sicilian family with two siblings affected with congenital coloboma, microphthalmia, and a mild delay of motor developmental milestones. Genomic DNA from the siblings and their unaffected parents was sequenced with a clinical exome that revealed compound heterozygous variants in the KIF17 gene (NM_020816.4: c.1255C > T (p.Arg419Trp); c.2554C > T (p.Arg852Cys)) segregating with the MAC spectrum phenotype of the two affected siblings. Variants were inherited from the healthy mother and father, are present at a very low-frequency in genomic population databases, and are predicted to be deleterious in silico. Our report indicates the potential co-segregation of these biallelic KIF17 variants with microphthalmia and coloboma, highlighting a potential conserved role of this gene in eye development across different species.
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Gadde SG, Reddy N, Sridharan A, Jayadev C, Vinekar A, B P. Monitoring healing of accidental laser burns of the macula using optical coherence tomography. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:37-40. [PMID: 33689653 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gk Gadde
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Nikitha Reddy
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhila Sridharan
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Anand Vinekar
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Poornachandra B
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India
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Chan BHC, Moosajee M, Rainger J. Closing the Gap: Mechanisms of Epithelial Fusion During Optic Fissure Closure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620774. [PMID: 33505973 PMCID: PMC7829581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key embryonic process that occurs early in ocular development is optic fissure closure (OFC). This fusion process closes the ventral optic fissure and completes the circumferential continuity of the 3-dimensional eye. It is defined by the coming together and fusion of opposing neuroepithelia along the entire proximal-distal axis of the ventral optic cup, involving future neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), optic nerve, ciliary body, and iris. Once these have occurred, cells within the fused seam differentiate into components of the functioning visual system. Correct development and progression of OFC, and the continued integrity of the fused margin along this axis, are important for the overall structure of the eye. Failure of OFC results in ocular coloboma-a significant cause of childhood visual impairment that can be associated with several complex ocular phenotypes including microphthalmia and anterior segment dysgenesis. Despite a large number of genes identified, the exact pathways that definitively mediate fusion have not yet been found, reflecting both the biological complexity and genetic heterogeneity of the process. This review will highlight how recent developmental studies have become focused specifically on the epithelial fusion aspects of OFC, applying a range of model organisms (spanning fish, avian, and mammalian species) and utilizing emerging high-resolution live-imaging technologies, transgenic fluorescent models, and unbiased transcriptomic analyses of segmentally-dissected fissure tissue. Key aspects of the fusion process are discussed, including basement membrane dynamics, unique cell behaviors, and the identities and fates of the cells that mediate fusion. These will be set in the context of what is now known, and how these point the way to new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ho Ching Chan
- The Division of Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Rainger
- The Division of Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Haug P, Koller S, Maggi J, Lang E, Feil S, Wlodarczyk A, Bähr L, Steindl K, Rohrbach M, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Whole Exome Sequencing in Coloboma/Microphthalmia: Identification of Novel and Recurrent Variants in Seven Genes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:65. [PMID: 33418956 PMCID: PMC7825129 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coloboma and microphthalmia (C/M) are related congenital eye malformations, which can cause significant visual impairment. Molecular diagnosis is challenging as the genes associated to date with C/M account for only a small percentage of cases. Overall, the genetic cause remains unknown in up to 80% of patients. High throughput DNA sequencing technologies, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), are therefore a useful and efficient tool for genetic screening and identification of new mutations and novel genes in C/M. In this study, we analyzed the DNA of 19 patients with C/M from 15 unrelated families using singleton WES and data analysis for 307 genes of interest. We identified seven novel and one recurrent potentially disease-causing variants in CRIM1, CHD7, FAT1, PTCH1, PUF60, BRPF1, and TGFB2 in 47% of our families, three of which occurred de novo. The detection rate in patients with ocular and extraocular manifestations (67%) was higher than in patients with an isolated ocular phenotype (46%). Our study highlights the significant genetic heterogeneity in C/M cohorts and emphasizes the diagnostic power of WES for the screening of patients and families with C/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Haug
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Elena Lang
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Sakaguchi Y, Yoshihashi H, Uehara T, Miyama S, Kosaki K, Takenouchi T. Coloboma may be a shared feature in a spectrum of disorders caused by mutations in the WDR37-PACS1-PACS2 axis. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:884-888. [PMID: 33369122 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a male adult with early infantile-onset epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, and iridal and choroidal coloboma who had a de novo heterozygous mutation in PACS2, that is, c.625G > A p.(Glu209Lys). This specific mutation was previously reported in a patient with PACS2-related disorder (early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 66). De novo heterozygous mutations in WDR37 have been shown to cause a novel human disorder, neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome (NOCGUS syndrome) (OMIM #618652), characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and coloboma. According to large-scale interactome data, WDR37 interacts most strongly, by far, with PACS1 and PACS2. Clinically, coloboma has been described as a feature in a WDR37-related disorder and a PACS1-related disorder (Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome), but not in a PACS2-related disorder. Our review of the phenotypes of three human disorders caused by WDR37, PACS1, and PACS2 mutations showed a significant overlap of epilepsy, intellectual disability, cerebellar atrophy, and facial features. The present observation of coloboma as a shared feature among these three disorders suggests that this group of genes may be involved in ocular development. We propose that dysregulation of the WDR37-PACS1-PACS2 axis results in a spectrum that is recognizable by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Sakaguchi
- Division of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshihashi
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahoko Miyama
- Division of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Weigele J, Bohnsack BL. Genetics Underlying the Interactions between Neural Crest Cells and Eye Development. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8040026. [PMID: 33182738 PMCID: PMC7712190 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a unique, transient stem cell population that is critical for craniofacial and ocular development. Understanding the genetics underlying the steps of neural crest development is essential for gaining insight into the pathogenesis of congenital eye diseases. The neural crest cells play an under-appreciated key role in patterning the neural epithelial-derived optic cup. These interactions between neural crest cells within the periocular mesenchyme and the optic cup, while not well-studied, are critical for optic cup morphogenesis and ocular fissure closure. As a result, microphthalmia and coloboma are common phenotypes in human disease and animal models in which neural crest cell specification and early migration are disrupted. In addition, neural crest cells directly contribute to numerous ocular structures including the cornea, iris, sclera, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, and aqueous outflow tracts. Defects in later neural crest cell migration and differentiation cause a constellation of well-recognized ocular anterior segment anomalies such as Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome and Peters Anomaly. This review will focus on the genetics of the neural crest cells within the context of how these complex processes specifically affect overall ocular development and can lead to congenital eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Weigele
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brenda L. Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-227-6180; Fax: +1-312-227-9411
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40
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Reis LM, Basel D, McCarrier J, Weinberg DV, Semina EV. Compound heterozygous splicing CDON variants result in isolated ocular coloboma. Clin Genet 2020; 98:486-492. [PMID: 32729136 PMCID: PMC8341436 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is caused by failure of optic fissure closure during development and recognized as part of the microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) spectrum. While many genes are known to cause colobomatous microphthalmia, relatively few have been reported in coloboma with normal eye size. Genetic analysis including trio exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing was undertaken in a family with two siblings affected with bilateral coloboma of the iris, retina, and choroid. Pathogenic variants in MAC genes were excluded. Trio analysis identified compound heterozygous donor splice site variants in CDON, a cell-surface receptor known to function in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, c.928 + 1G > A and c.2650 + 1G > T, in both affected individuals. Heterozygous missense and truncating CDON variants are associated with dominant holoprosencephaly (HPE) with incomplete penetrance and Cdon-/- mice display variable HPE and coloboma. A homozygous nonsense allele of uncertain significance was recently identified in a consanguineous patient with coloboma and a second molecular diagnosis. We report the first compound heterozygous variants in CDON as a cause of isolated coloboma. CDON is the first HPE gene identified to cause recessive coloboma. Given the phenotypic overlap, further examination of HPE genes in coloboma is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Donald Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Julie McCarrier
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - David V Weinberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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41
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Dosunmu EO, Castleberry KM. CHARGE syndrome without colobomas: Ophthalmic findings. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020; 184:611-617. [PMID: 32914532 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To report ophthalmic findings of patients without colobomas, and with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of CHARGE Syndrome. Retrospective study of ophthalmic findings in 67 CHARGE patients-clinically confirmed diagnosis with positive CHD7 mutation-seen in the Ophthalmology department of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between January 1, 2008 through September 25, 2018. Criteria for inclusion in this study was absence of any form of a coloboma in either eye. In our cohort, all patients had a positive CHD7 mutation, in addition to a clinical diagnosis. 19.4% (13/67) of CHARGE patients did not have a coloboma in either eye. 69.2% (9/13) had strabismus, 76.9% (10/13) had a refractive error that warranted refractive correction, 23.1% (3/13) had amblyopia, 38.5% (5/13) had nasolacrimal duct obstruction, 30.8% (4/13) had dry eye syndrome and exposure keratopathy, 15.4% (2/13) had ptosis, 15.4% (2/13) had blepharitis, 15.4% (2/13) had Cortical Visual Impairment, 7.7% (1/13) of patients had optic nerve drusen, 7.7% (1/13) had Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking, and 7.7% (1/13) with an eyelid nevus. There are numerous ophthalmic findings in individuals with CHARGE Syndrome without colobomas. No study to date has evaluated the ophthalmic findings in CHD7 positive CHARGE patients without colobomas. These findings need to be assessed and treated to ensure optimal vision in the CHARGE patient population. Absence of coloboma does not rule out a diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, and if there is a clinical suspicion, clinical confirmation then genetic testing would be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniolami O Dosunmu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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42
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Bhat R, Al-Samarraie M, Nada A, Leiva-Salinas C, Whitehead M, Mahdi E. Spotlight on the pediatric eye: a pictorial review of orbital anatomy and congenital orbital pathologies. Neuroradiol J 2020; 34:21-32. [PMID: 32865127 DOI: 10.1177/1971400920949232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orbital lesions in the pediatric population vary from adults in terms of their presentation, unique pathology, and imaging characteristics. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of these lesions is imperative to prevent serious consequences in terms of visual impairment and disfigurement. Along with dedicated ophthalmologic examination, imaging is instrumental in characterizing these lesions, both for accurate diagnosis and subsequent management. In our pictorial essay, we provide a basic review of orbital embryology, anatomy, and congenital orbital pathologies, with emphasis on radiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Bhat
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, USA
| | | | - Ayman Nada
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, USA
| | | | - Matthew Whitehead
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health Systems, USA.,George Washington University Hospital, USA
| | - Eman Mahdi
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, USA
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43
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Yoon KH, Fox SC, Dicipulo R, Lehmann OJ, Waskiewicz AJ. Ocular coloboma: Genetic variants reveal a dynamic model of eye development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020; 184:590-610. [PMID: 32852110 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is a congenital disorder of the eye where a gap exists in the inferior retina, lens, iris, or optic nerve tissue. With a prevalence of 2-19 per 100,000 live births, coloboma, and microphthalmia, an associated ocular disorder, represent up to 10% of childhood blindness. It manifests due to the failure of choroid fissure closure during eye development, and it is a part of a spectrum of ocular disorders that include microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Use of genetic approaches from classical pedigree analyses to next generation sequencing has identified more than 40 loci that are associated with the causality of ocular coloboma. As we have expanded studies to include singleton cases, hereditability has been very challenging to prove. As such, researchers over the past 20 years, have unraveled the complex interrelationship amongst these 40 genes using vertebrate model organisms. Such research has greatly increased our understanding of eye development. These genes function to regulate initial specification of the eye field, migration of retinal precursors, patterning of the retina, neural crest cell biology, and activity of head mesoderm. This review will discuss the discovery of loci using patient data, their investigations in animal models, and the recent advances stemming from animal models that shed new light in patient diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sabrina C Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Renée Dicipulo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ordan J Lehmann
- Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Yamada M, Uehara T, Suzuki H, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K. Protein elongation variant of PUF60: Milder phenotypic end of the Verheij syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2709-2714. [PMID: 32851780 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The PUF60 gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed essential splicing factor that is recruited to the U2snRNA complex. The complex binds to the 3' splice site of exons in specific target genes and regulates the inclusion or exclusion of such exons. Recently, pathogenic variants of PUF60 have been shown to cause a relatively specific and potentially recognizable pattern of malformation referred to as Verheij syndrome. Here, we report a 12-year-old female patient with a de novo mutation in PUF60 whose phenotype was representative of the milder end of the phenotypic spectrum of Verheij syndrome; the de novo mutation was a frameshift mutation p.(Ser558Cysfs*21) that resulted in the addition of 21 extra amino acids at the carboxy end of the protein. Among the frequent features of Verheij syndrome, the patient exhibited coloboma, cervical spinal segmentation defects, and borderline intellectual functioning, but lacked cardiac abnormalities, deafness, and urogenital abnormalities. The results of RNA analysis using peripheral blood showed the escape of the mutant allele from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, possibly accounting for the mild phenotype in the presently reported patient. Based on our clinical observations, we inferred that two embryologic processes, closure of the ocular plate and cervical spinal segmentation, are particularly susceptible to deficient PUF60-mediated splicing regulation, compared with other embryogenetic processes leading to the central nervous system, heart, ear, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Warren C, Grozdanic S, Reinstein S. Use of free oral mucosal graft for treatment of feline eyelid agenesis in seven patients. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:659-667. [PMID: 32524714 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a simple and effective surgery for feline eyelid agenesis. PROCEDURE Free oral mucosal grafts were harvested from the upper lips of the surgical patients. A recipient bed was created by incising the conjunctiva at the conjunctival-skin border and opening a space in the tissue with blunt dissection without removal of tissue. The free oral mucosal graft was sutured into the space with simple continuous suture pattern of 7-0 Vicryl. RESULTS Eyelids were cosmetically acceptable at final examination, and areas of coloboma appeared less prominent. Patient comfort was improved in all subjects as subjectively noted by decreased blepharospasm. All grafts were successfully incorporated. All patients developed brown-colored crusting over the grafts within days of the surgery, which gradually resolved over a 4- to 6-week period. Three of seven patients developed few trichiatic hairs at the donor-recipient junction, and two of these patients had follow-up cryoepilation. CONCLUSION For feline eyelid agenesis, free oral mucosal graft implantation was successful in creating space between fur and cornea with insertion of smooth-surfaced, hairless tissue, alleviating the discomfort of hair contacting the cornea. The extra tissue can also create a small overhang or fold of tissue (pseudo-lid) which may also be protective. For two cases, cryoepilation of few trichiatic hairs at the donor-recipient border was performed at a later date. As illustrated by case 3, use of a long and wide rectangular graft with squared edges is recommended to lessen the chance of trichiasis at lateral or medial edges of recipient-donor junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shelby Reinstein
- Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Levittown, Pennsylvania
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Leung KCP, Ko TCS. Identification of a possible association of JAK2 in development of microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) complex in a child with 9p deletion and duplication. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:373-376. [PMID: 32506980 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1776338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microphthalmia, anophthalmia, coloboma (MAC) complex is a spectrum of ocular abnormalities that occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Genetic abnormalities have been shown to account for 80% of cases in bilateral anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, where 25-30% were attributed to chromosomal defects in this subset of MAC patients. To date, chromosome 9 short arm (9p) abnormalities have not been shown to associate with development of MAC. PURPOSE To report a case of MAC spectrum disorder that is related to 9p deletion and duplication. MATERIALS AND METHODS A child who exhibited signs of MAC was evaluated retrospectively. Genetic analysis with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and a family pedigree was obtained from the proband. RESULTS A 3-year-old girl with a history of an atrial septal defect, a horseshoe kidney and global developmental delay was presented. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral iris coloboma, bilateral choroidal-retinal coloboma, and left-sided microphthalmia. Subsequent oligonucleotide-based array CGH revealed two different sites of duplication and deletion on 9p (9p24.3 (209020_1143516)x1, 9p24.3p24.1 (1158662_6395264)x3). CONCLUSION We present the first case of MAC spectrum disorder that is related to 9p deletion and duplication. The link between the associated genetic abnormality and the phenotypic features is yet to be established. Duplication of JAK2 gene, which is within the same region of abnormalities, may have potentiated the development of MAC spectrum disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tak Chuen Simon Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hosptial , Causewaybay, Hong Kong
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Chakrabarti R, Campbell TG, Carden SM. Chorioretinal colobomas in neonatal intensive care using ocular coherence tomography. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 104:119-121. [PMID: 32307735 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chakrabarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas G Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Carden
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
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48
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Eckert P, Knickmeyer MD, Schütz L, Wittbrodt J, Heermann S. Morphogenesis and axis specification occur in parallel during optic cup and optic fissure formation, differentially modulated by BMP and Wnt. Open Biol 2020; 9:180179. [PMID: 30958096 PMCID: PMC6395882 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic cup morphogenesis is an intricate process. Especially, the formation of the optic fissure is not well understood. Persisting optic fissures, termed coloboma, are frequent causes for congenital blindness. Even though the defective fusion of the fissure margins is the most acknowledged reason for coloboma, highly variable morphologies of coloboma phenotypes argue for a diverse set of underlying pathomechanisms. Here, we investigate optic fissure morphogenesis in zebrafish to identify potential morphogenetic defects resulting in coloboma. We show that the formation of the optic fissure depends on tissue flow movements, integrated into the bilateral distal epithelial flow forming the optic cup. On the temporal side, the distal flow translates into a ventral perpendicular flow, shaping the temporal fissure margin. On the nasal side, however, the distal flow is complemented by tissue derived from the optic stalk, shaping the nasal fissure margin. Notably, a distinct population of TGFβ-signalling positive cells is translocated from the optic stalk into both fissure margins. Furthermore, we show that induced BMP signalling as well as Wnt-signalling inhibition result in morphogenetic defects of the optic fissure. Our data also indicate that morphogenesis is crucial for a proper positioning of pre-specified dorsal–ventral optic cup domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Eckert
- 1 Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Max D Knickmeyer
- 1 Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Lucas Schütz
- 3 Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- 3 Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stephan Heermann
- 1 Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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Pölsler L, Schatz UA, Simma B, Zschocke J, Rudnik-Schöneborn S. A Syrian patient with Steel syndrome due to compound heterozygous COL27A1 mutations with colobomata of the eye. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:730-734. [PMID: 31913554 PMCID: PMC7079147 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The joint occurrence of short stature, congenital dislocation of the hip, carpal coalition, dislocation of the radial head, cavus deformity, scoliosis, and vertebral anomalies was first described in 1993 by Steel et al. (OMIM #615155) in 23 children from Puerto Rico. The condition is caused by a deficient matrix protein, collagen type XXVII alpha 1 chain, due to bi‐allelic loss of function mutations in the gene COL27A1. Outside of Puerto Rico, only four families have been described, in three of which the patients also had hearing loss. However, structural eye defects have not yet been reported in conjunction with this rare autosomal recessive syndrome. Here, we describe a 9‐year‐old girl born to nonconsanguineous Syrian parents with the characteristic features of Steel syndrome, including short stature, massive malalignment of large joints, kyphoscoliosis, hearing loss, and typical facial dysmorphism. However, she was also born with bilateral colobomata of the irides and choroido‐retinae with unilateral affection of the macula. Whole exome sequencing identified two pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in COL27A1: c.93del, p.(Phe32Leufs*71) and c.3075del, p.(Lys1026Argfs*33). There was no discernible alternative cause for the colobomata. Our findings might indicate an association of this exceptionally rare disorder caused by COL27A1 mutations with developmental defects of the eye from the anophthalmia/microphthalmia/coloboma spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pölsler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich A Schatz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Simma
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital LKH Feldkirch, Feldkich, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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50
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Kalaskar VK, Alur RP, Li LK, Thomas JW, Sergeev YV, Blain D, Hufnagel RB, Cogliati T, Brooks BP. High-throughput custom capture sequencing identifies novel mutations in coloboma-associated genes: Mutation in DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor beta affects nuclear localization causing ocular coloboma. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:678-695. [PMID: 31816153 PMCID: PMC7027867 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uveal coloboma is a potentially blinding congenital ocular malformation caused by the failure of optic fissure closure during the fifth week of human gestation. We performed custom capture high‐throughput screening of 38 known coloboma‐associated genes in 66 families. Suspected causative novel variants were identified in TFAP2A and CHD7, as well as two previously reported variants of uncertain significance in RARB and BMP7. The variant in RARB, unlike previously reported disease mutations in the ligand‐binding domain, was a missense change in the highly conserved DNA‐binding domain predicted to affect the protein's DNA‐binding ability. In vitro studies revealed lower steady‐state protein levels, reduced transcriptional activity, and incomplete nuclear localization of the mutant RARB protein compared with wild‐type. Zebrafish studies showed that human RARB messenger RNA partially reduced the ocular phenotype caused by morpholino knockdown of rarga gene, a zebrafish homolog of human RARB. Our study indicates that sequence alterations in known coloboma genes account for a small percentage of coloboma cases and that mutations in the RARB DNA‐binding domain could result in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Kalaskar
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch (OGVFB), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ramakrishna P Alur
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch (OGVFB), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - LeeAnn K Li
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch (OGVFB), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James W Thomas
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuri V Sergeev
- Protein Biochemistry and Molecular Modeling Group, OGVFB, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delphine Blain
- Ophthalmic Clinical Genetics Section, OGVFB, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, OGVFB, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiziana Cogliati
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch (OGVFB), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Pediatric, Developmental & Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch (OGVFB), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.,Ophthalmic Clinical Genetics Section, OGVFB, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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