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Kawai T, Harada M, Yamada K, Ugomori R, Osuga Y. The prevalence of vulvovaginal symptoms in Japanese women of reproductive and perimenopausal ages: A cross-sectional study across generations. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:914-919. [PMID: 38438124 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study evaluated vaginal health and hygiene practices among reproductive and perimenopausal women in Japan using an online-based questionnaire. METHODS The questionnaire included 11 well-structured questions concerning vulvovaginal symptoms and hygiene care practices. Participants' responses were anonymized and analyzed descriptively. The relationships of age, family income, occupation, and childbearing with women's concerns regarding vaginal or vulvar problems were analyzed by chi-square tests. RESULTS About 80% of women in their 20s to 50s in Japan reported experiencing vulvovaginal symptoms. Women in their 40s had significantly fewer symptoms than women in their 20s (p = 0.04), and women in their 50s had significantly fewer symptoms than all other age groups (20s, 30s, and 40s) (p < 0.001). Among symptomatic women, 77.5% did not discuss their symptoms with anyone else and only 10% visited doctors. About 12.5% of women reported taking special care of their vagina or vulva regularly, whereas 38.2% expressed a desire to try some form of care but had not yet done so. Of the women who did not take special care of their vagina or vulva, 46.2% lacked knowledge about proper care, 42.2% did not want to spend money on care, 30.5% did not want to discuss care with others, and 21.3% were psychologically reluctant. CONCLUSION Determination of the prevalence of vulvovaginal symptoms among Japanese women can enhance understanding of this prevalent condition and its impact on women's health. These findings may help formulate effective public health interventions and promote better hygienic practices, thus improving the well-being of women in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kawai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuki Yamada
- Biolier Business Department, Teijin Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rui Ugomori
- Biolier Business Department, Teijin Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Birhanu MT, Liga AD, Jabir YN. Practices of hygiene during complementary food feeding and associated factors among women with children aged 6-24 months in Dedo district, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1771. [PMID: 38111740 PMCID: PMC10725999 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Poor food handling practices contribute to food contamination, leading to food-borne illnesses and childhood diarrhea in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study examines hygienic complementary food feeding practices and associated characteristics among women with children ages 6-24 months in the Dedo District. Method A community-oriented cross-sectional study design was used in a multistage sampling strategy to gather information from 501 mothers of children between May 25 and July 10, 2022. There were absolute and relative frequencies assigned to each variable. Multiple logistic models have been used for factors that were 20% significant in univariate analysis. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were produced to identify the important predictors. Results This study showed that mothers with a diploma (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 11.2; CI: 5.51-22.8), urban residency (AOR = 6.35; CI: 3.57-11.3), a positive attitude toward hygienic complementary food feeding (AOR = 2.23; CI: 1.19-4.20), good knowledge of complementary food feeding practices (AOR = 3.95; CI: 2.39-6.55), access to a hand washing facility close to the latrine (AOR = 2.60; CI: 1.55-4.36), and access to water close to their home (AOR = 2.42; CI: 1.27-4.59) were highly associated with good hygiene practices of mothers. Conclusion This study shows that mothers of children aged between 6 and 24 months have a very low overall prevalence of good hygienic complementary feeding practices. The concerned parties should therefore establish a healthcare educational program for mothers that emphasizes the importance of hand washing and informs them about the dangers of improper complementary feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abebe D. Liga
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational SciencesWolkite UniversityWolkiteEthiopia
| | - Yasin N. Jabir
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural ScienceJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
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Wang M, Gong S, Tang J, Weng Z, Wu X. What motivates food workers to adhere with WHO guidelines to combat the COVID-19? A social cognitive theory perspective. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1187056. [PMID: 37927871 PMCID: PMC10620304 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1187056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has become a public health emergency and pandemic of global concern, and the hundreds of millions of foodborne illnesses that occur each year also wreak havoc on human lives, society and the economy. Promoting workers in food service establishments to adhere to the hygiene practices in the WHO guidelines is a two-birds-one-stone strategy in preventing the spread of COVID-19 and limiting the occurrence of foodborne illness. The aim of this study was to determine the drivers that motivate workers to adhere to hygiene practices based on social cognitive theory. Methods The cross-sectional survey targeting food workers using face-to-face interviews was conducted from July to September 2022. Stratified random sampling and convenience sampling were employed to locate survey sites and respondents, respectively. The survey uses a credible questionnaire evaluated by multiple reliability and validity measures. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify significant determinants of adherence to WHO-initiated hygiene practices. Results A total of 900 workers were interviewed and 609 valid questionnaires were received. The study showed that the average correct rate of knowledge about hygiene practices was only 51.09%, that perceived non-adherence to hygiene practices was most likely to result in lower customer satisfaction and the spread of COVID-19, and that only about 11.7% of the workers always adhered to hygiene practices. Three of the cognitive dimensions in the personal factors, self-efficacy, risk perception, and knowledge, had significant positive effects on adherence practices. Among the demographic variables, there were significant differences in adherence practices differing by income level and place of residence. Conclusion It was found that workers' knowledge of the WHO-initiated hygiene practices is insufficient and that the frequency of adherence to hygiene practices is poor and require improvement. The significant drivers and effects of demographic variables provide evidence-based guidance to identify priority intervention information and populations to improve worker hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shunlong Gong
- School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Jiangxi Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenlin Weng
- Jiangxi Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingtong Wu
- Jiangxi Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Salamandane A, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Brito L. The Socioeconomic Factors of Street Food Vending in Developing Countries and Its Implications for Public Health: A Systematic Review. Foods 2023; 12:3774. [PMID: 37893667 PMCID: PMC10606777 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The sale of ready-to-eat (RTE) street food represents an important source of income in many developing countries. However, these foods are frequently implicated in outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases. Street food vendors face several constraints that hamper improvement in the microbiological quality of their products. The aim of this review was to update knowledge about the main causes of foodborne illnesses in developing countries, including the growing concern with the microbial transmission of antibiotic resistance. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review was conducted on original articles published from January 2010 to July 2023. The search was carried out using Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA), the International Information System for Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS), as well as isolated searches of relevant articles from Google Scholar. The initial search identified 915 articles, 50 of which were included in this systematic review. The results indicate that, in the majority of the 15 countries examined, women constitute the predominant segment of street food vendors, representing more than 55% of the total number of these vendors. In 11 countries, street food vendors under the age of 18 were identified. Most vendors had a low level of education and, consequently, were unaware of good hygiene practices when handling food. The combination of factors such as poor hygiene practices on the part of food handlers and the lack of facilities, namely, the absence of available potable water, were frequently listed as the main causes of food contamination. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli (61.9%), Salmonella (30.1%), and Shigella spp. (9.5%), as well as Staphylococcus aureus (30.1%) and Listeria monocytogenes (14.3%), were the most common pathogens found in RTE street foods. In 22 studies from 13 developing countries, 59% (13/22) reported high multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (40% to 86.4% in E. coli, 16.7 to 70% in Salmonella, and 31 to 76.4% in S. aureus). To address the challenges faced by street vendors and improve their economic activities, it is necessary for government entities, consumers, and vendors to work together collaboratively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio Salamandane
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
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Muhati-Nyakundi LI. Teachers' perceptions of children's access to toilets in urban ECDE institutions, and the psychosocial consequences. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3785-3801. [PMID: 35388740 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2059693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAccess to clean and functional toilet is quintessential in meeting children's physiological and psychosocial needs in a learning environment. However, little is known on experiences of children's access to quality toilets while in preschool institutions within urban settings of sub-Saharan Africa countries. This paper draws from a study that explored experiences of vulnerable children in early childhood development education (ECDE) institutions in underserved and informal urban settings of Kenya and South Africa. 11 urban ECDE centres were purposively selected and 17 teachers were recruited as key informants. Data was collected using an adapted infrastructural checklist, observation and conversational interviews. Findings indicated that a majority of toilets in ECDE centres were inadequate, inappropriate, poorly maintained, or had structural weaknesses which affected children's experiences of access and use of the facilities. Scheduled toilet visits as a control measure and toilet avoidance potentially exposed them to psychosocial and health risks. Insights into children's toilet facilities, managing their access in institutions located within informal and low resourced areas, and investment policies that target preschool children' sanitary facilities are given. Suggestions are made for interventions for children's positive toilet experiences in poor urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linet Imbosa Muhati-Nyakundi
- Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Education - Siyabuswa Campus, University of Mpumalanga, Mpumalanga, South Africa
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Ferreira JDS, Araújo MDPN, Botelho RBA, Zandonadi RP, Nakano EY, Raposo A, Han H, Nader M, Ariza-Montes A, Akutsu RDCCDA. Factors interfering with the adoption of good hygiene practices in public school food services in Bahia, Brazil. Front Public Health 2022; 10:975140. [PMID: 36187672 PMCID: PMC9521275 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.975140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors that interfere with the adoption of good hygiene practices in public school food services (SFS) in Bahia, Brazil. The search was conducted in public schools in Bahia/Brazil. Data collection included (i) evaluation of the adoption of Good Practices in school food services through visual observation and registration in the checklist in Good Hygienic Practices in School Food Services; (ii) Identification of schools' foodservice physical areas and environmental comfort measures; (iii) identification of sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and assessment of attitudes and level of knowledge in food hygiene. The minimum sample of 158 schools (confidence level of 95% and an error of 5%) was stratified considering the total number of districts (areas) and the schools' number per area. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Science-SPSS® in version 26.0. The categorical variables were described as frequencies and percentages, and the quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis with Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to examine qualitative variables. Independent Student t-test and ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to examine quantitative variables. Categorical variables were evaluated by Pearson Chi-squared tests. The Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between Attitude and knowledge. The classification of the sanitary status was of moderate risk in 74.8% (n = 119) of the SFS (51-75% of compliance) and 25.2% (n = 40) at high risk (26-50% compliance). The average percentage of compliance for the 159 SFS in the municipality was 50.23%, obtaining a high-risk classification (26-50% compliance). In the SFS, the absence of dry goods' storage, meat preparation area, and storage of residues in more than 98% of schools was observed. Accessing attitudes, 1.4% (n = 2) of the food handlers were classified as unsatisfactory (0 to 49% of correct answers), 8.5% (n = 12) as satisfactory with restriction (50-69% of correct answers) and 90.1% (n = 128) as satisfactory. There was no correlation between Attitude and Knowledge level (p = 0.394). Considering the knowledge level, the item with the highest and lowest number of hits were: "To avoid food contamination, I wash and disinfect my hands before preparing food" and "Contaminated food will always have some change in color, smell, or taste". There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge considering mean wage (p = 0.000), time working in school food service (p = 0.001), weekly workday (p = 0.000), and participation in food hygiene training (p = 0.000). Therefore, factors that interfered in adopting good practices in the SFS were: inadequate physical structure, absence of areas in the SFS, and absence/low number of equipment to control the production process in the cold and hot chain. Food handlers showed satisfactory attitudes and level of knowledge. However, the physical structure of the SFS compromises the adoption of good practices. It risks the safety of the food served to students at the evaluated public schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal,*Correspondence: António Raposo
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea,Heesup Han
| | - Martín Nader
- Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
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Mahjabin T, Nowar A, Islam MH, Jubayer A. Effect of Mother's Nutritional Knowledge and Hygiene Practices on School-Going Adolescents Living in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:391-395. [PMID: 36438528 PMCID: PMC9693945 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1240_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence which is a critical stage for growth and development is influenced by various issues along with maternal nutritional knowledge, control over their earnings, freedom of movement, and participation in household decision-making over child's health care. OBJECTIVE This study focused on assessing mothers' nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices and their effect on dietary diversity as well as the nutritional status of school-going adolescents of Dhaka city. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at 44 schools in Dhaka city. A total of 710 school-going adolescents aged 10-17 years were randomly selected and their mothers were interviewed for assessing their knowledge on nutrition and hygiene practices. One-way ANOVA and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the association between dietary diversity and the nutritional status of the adolescents with their mother's nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices. RESULTS About one-third (35.8%) of the mothers maintained hygiene and sanitation satisfactorily. Although 53.1% of them had satisfactory general knowledge about a healthy diet, only 6.5% showed good knowledge of the nutritional value of food. The prevalence of stunting, thin, and overweight was 8, 4.6, and 5.8%, respectively. Fair hygiene practices were positively associated (P = 0.048) with height for age z-score. Maternal knowledge on the nutritional value of food was positively associated (P = 0.027) with the dietary diversity of the adolescents. CONCLUSION Adequate nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices of the mothers have positive effects on children's dietary diversity and nutritional status. Providing nutrition education to mothers would ensure better nutritional status and improved dietary practices for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnima Mahjabin
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition (BIRTAN), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abira Nowar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hafizul Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Jubayer
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ripanda A, Miraji H, Sule K, Nguruwe S, Ngumba J, Sahini Mtabazi G, Hamad Vuai S. Evaluation of potentiality of traditional hygienic practices for the mitigation of the 2019-2020 Corona Pandemic. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:867-875. [PMID: 35084056 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus outbreak threatens global well-being, costing thousands of lives and an unstable economy. Traditional hand-washing (HaWa) with clean water and hand-washing sanitizers (HaWaSas) are among WHO recommended practices against the outbreaks. HaWaSa and HaWa lacked proper quality monitoring evaluation that may pose health risks. The current study investigates the potential of traditional hygienic practices adopted to mitigate the 2019-2020 Pandemic. It involved assessing the effectiveness of 15 HaWaSa collected from the Dodoma market. Thirty volunteered participants were subjected to different hygienic practices involving HaWa and HaWaSa. The obtained hand-swabbed samples were subjected to the streak plate technique for inoculation, followed by counting colonies. The results revealed that, among the collected HaWaSa brands, only 33.3% were certified by the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS). In the setting under no hand-wash, each client had a different number of colony counts. HaWa did not eliminate all colonies since water acted as a secondary source while only one sanitizer proved effective. The p-values obtained in either setting were greater than 0.05, indicating that each variable was independent. Despite global awareness and fighting against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak, quality monitoring of all diagnostic tools, preventive HaWaSa, and related drugs should be prioritized for human safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Ripanda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Hossein Miraji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Khalfani Sule
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Salvatory Nguruwe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Julias Ngumba
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Geofrey Sahini Mtabazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Saidi Hamad Vuai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Jiang Q, Cohen N, Ohtori M, Gao J, Wang Q, Zhang E, Zhu S, Johnstone H, Guo Y, Dill SE, Zhou H, Rozelle S. Postnatal Mental Health, Hand Washing Practices, and Infant Illness in Rural China. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:735264. [PMID: 34870276 PMCID: PMC8636699 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.735264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal mental health problems play an important role in infant well-being. Although western countries have extensively studied the associations between maternal mental disorders, hygiene practices and infant health, little is known in developing settings. This study investigates the correlations between postnatal mental health problems, hand washing practices and infant illness in rural western China. Methods: A total of 720 mothers of infants aged 0–6 months from four poor counties in rural western China were included in the survey. Mental health symptoms were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Questions about infant illness and hand washing practices followed evaluative surveys from prior studies. Adjusted ordinary least squares regressions were used to examine correlations between postnatal mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress) symptoms, hand washing practices, and infant illness outcomes. Results: Maternal depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were significantly associated with reduced hand washing overall and less frequent hand washing after cleaning the infant's bottom. Mental health symptoms were also associated with a higher probability of infants showing two or more illness symptoms and visiting a doctor for illness symptoms. Individual hand washing practices were not significantly associated with infant illness; however, a composite measure of hand washing practices was significantly associated with reduced probability of infant illness. Conclusion: Postnatal mental health problems are prevalent in rural China and significantly associated with infant illness. Policy makers and practitioners should investigate possible interventions to improve maternal and infant well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nourya Cohen
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mika Ohtori
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Evelyn Zhang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina Zhu
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Johnstone
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yian Guo
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sarah-Eve Dill
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Malika NM, Barbagelatta G, Penny M, Reynolds KA, Sinclair R. Impact of Housing and Infrastructure on handwashing in Peru. Int Health 2021; 13:615-623. [PMID: 32239138 PMCID: PMC10553400 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metropolitan area of Lima, Peru has a third of the nation's population living in slum dwellings that are hypothesized to contribute to inefficient household hygienic practices. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess which living conditions have the greatest impact on handwashing practices. METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological design of participants ≥16 y of age from San Juan de Miraflores, a slum on the outskirts of Lima, Peru, was used. Poisson regression was applied to assess the impact of living conditions on handwashing practices. RESULTS We could not demonstrate a relationship between living conditions (home structure, overcrowding, water, grey water disposal) and reported handwashing. The reported lack of handwashing is associated with the number of children in the home (those with children <5 y of age were more likely not to report washing their hands) and length of stay in the slum in years. CONCLUSIONS Living conditions play an important role in one's health, therefore improved study designs are needed to determine which strategies are likely to be the most effective in improving outcomes for slum dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipher M Malika
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 11188 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional, Av. La Molina 1885 Peru
| | - Kelly A Reynolds
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, 1295 N. Martin Avenue Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Sinclair
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 11188 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Ben-Enukora CA, Oyero OS, Oyesomi KO, Adeyeye BK. Combating Lassa fever for sustainable development: Interplay of perceived behavioural control and current preventive practices in most endemic States in Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25:126-137. [PMID: 37585777 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i5s.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Lassa fever has become a recurring incidence in Nigeria with high case fatality rates recorded in recent times. Given that total compliance with standard hygiene is recommended as a fundamental ingredient for the prevention of Lassa fever, this study investigated the influence of perceived behavioural control and current household and environmental hygiene practices for Lassa fever prevention among residents of selected Lassa fever endemic states in Nigeria. Data collected from primary sources through a mixed-methods approach, using self-administered structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was used for analysis and drawing of inferences. The sample size consisted of 663 survey respondents and 72 FGD participants. The quantitative data was analysed with the aid of SPSS version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics while thematic analysis was employed in analysing the qualitative data. The findings indicate that the residents perceived certain recommended hygiene practices as 'easy-to-perform' while some are perceived as 'difficult-to-perform'. Compliance with standard hygiene practices is still partial due to the significant influence of Perceived Behavioural Control on current practices towards Lassa fever prevention in all the selected states at (R2= .023, .040 and .111 for Ebonyi, Edo and Ondo states respectively, at p˂0.05). The study recommends the establishment of community-based mechanized food/crops drying facilities at subsidized rates to remove the risk of food contamination by rodents during sun-drying and extensive use of interpersonal communication channels for door-to-door campaign for the total compliance with the preferred hygiene practices for Lassa fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olusola S Oyero
- Department of Mass Communication, Anchor University Lagos, Nigeria
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Wiatrowski M, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Trafiałek J, Rosiak E. An Evaluation of the Hygiene Practices of Polish Street Food Vendors in Selected Food Trucks and Stands. Foods 2021; 10:2640. [PMID: 34828921 PMCID: PMC8622227 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, street food vending is becoming a dynamically developing food industry in Europe, including Poland. Lifestyle changes and socioeconomic factors, especially among young consumers, make it a convenient food alternative, even in countries without this tradition. The aim of the study was to evaluate hygiene conditions and practices in selected street food facilities in Poland. The study was carried out in accordance with an observation checklist developed on the basis of the hygienic requirements of the European Union. The study covered 550 randomly selected street food vendors in Poland in 10 cities. The hygiene of street food outlets was assessed in three aspects: ensuring proper production conditions, hygiene of production and distribution, and hygiene of personnel. The evaluation of street food outlets showed that the level of hygiene was not fully acceptable. A small percentage of the examined objects satisfactorily fulfilled the requirements of the production conditions, production and distribution hygiene, and staff hygiene. The proposed hygienic checklist for quick daily monitoring of street food outlets can be used to perform internal and external inspections. It seems that specific codes of conduct for European street foods facilities are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Str. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.T.); (E.R.)
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13
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Wren-Atilola HM, Solomons NW, Scott ME, Koski KG. Infant Anthropometry and Growth Velocity Before 6 Months are Associated with Breastfeeding Practices and the Presence of Subclinical Mastitis and Maternal Intestinal Protozoa in Indigenous Communities in Guatemala. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab086. [PMID: 34585057 PMCID: PMC8460162 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibility that maternal health status and breastfeeding practices contribute to growth faltering before 6 mo is underexplored. OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study investigated whether indicators of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and breast inflammation, maternal fecal-oral contamination, and/or breastfeeding practices were associated with infant anthropometry or growth velocity before 6 mo. METHODS Indigenous Mam-Mayan mother-infant dyads (n = 140) were recruited. Breast milk was collected at early (<6 wk) and established (4-6 mo) lactation when maternal and infant anthropometry were measured. Milk Na:K ratio as an indicator of SCM and concentrations of 4 proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Maternal stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites including nonpathogenic protozoa (Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis). Questionnaires characterized breastfeeding and hygiene practices. Multiple linear regression identified factors associated with infant growth attainment [weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ), and head circumference-for-age z-score (HCAZ)] and growth velocity (expressed as change per day from early to established lactation). Multiple logistic regression identified factors associated with increased odds of underweight, stunting, and low head circumference at both lactation stages. RESULTS A higher Na:K ratio, individual nonpathogenic protozoa, and specific breastfeeding and hygiene practices were associated with impaired growth before 6 wk and at 4-6 mo in exclusively breastfed infants. Growth velocity for weight was inversely associated with Entamoeba coli but cranial growth was associated positively with Iodamoeba bütschlii whereas feeding colostrum in early lactation was protective and decreased the odds of an HCAZ < -2 SD. Finally, the presence of SCM in early lactation increased the likelihood of both WAZ < -2 SD and LAZ < -2 SD by 6 wk. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of SCM can improve early infant weight, but measures that promote the feeding of colostrum and reduce exposure to fecal-oral contamination might be required to minimize infant growth faltering in breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M Wren-Atilola
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noel W Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Oliveira RS, Rodrigues MJ, Henriques AR. Specific Hygiene Procedures and Practices Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Fresh Fishery Product Retailers of Lisbon's Traditional Food Markets. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081805. [PMID: 34441581 PMCID: PMC8394726 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the compliance of specific hand hygiene and food contact surfaces hygiene in fresh fishery product retailers (FFPR) and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics that might influence the observed procedures and practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in traditional food markets’ FFPRs (N = 74) using interviews and audits for data collection purposes. Results revealed that women were overrepresented among FFPR managers; most were over 50 years of age and had a long working experience in fish retail activities, despite a low educational level. The majority had attended training courses in food hygiene, safety, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points-based procedures. Both documental assessment and hand hygiene procedures and practices verification revealed a low level of compliance. Many documents supporting hygiene practices were lacking. Several non-conforming requisites were identified related to the handwashing procedure and equipment and to glove wearing practices. A higher level of compliance was obtained in food contact surfaces hygiene procedures and practices verification, with complete hygiene procedures applied and proper cleaning of utensils and chemical products management in several cases. These findings reflect an ambiguous understanding and misconceptions related to hygiene procedures and practices, suggesting the need to improve and update FFPR food handler training regarding basic food hygiene and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sousa Oliveira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria José Rodrigues
- Departamento de Estruturas de Proximidade e Espaço Público, Direção Municipal de Economia e Inovação da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1600-036 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rita Henriques
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213-652-834
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15
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Chowdhury S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Kile JC, Hoque MA, Rahman MZ, Hossain ME, Ghosh PK, Ahmed SSU, Kennedy ED, Sturm-Ramirez K, Gurley ES. Association of Biosecurity and Hygiene Practices with Environmental Contamination with Influenza A Viruses in Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:2087-2096. [PMID: 32818393 PMCID: PMC7454050 DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.191029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Bangladesh, live bird market environments are frequently contaminated with avian influenza viruses. Shop-level biosecurity practices might increase risk for environmental contamination. We sought to determine which shop-level biosecurity practices were associated with environmental contamination. We surveyed 800 poultry shops to describe biosecurity practices and collect environmental samples. Samples from 205 (26%) shops were positive for influenza A viral RNA, 108 (14%) for H9, and 60 (8%) for H5. Shops that slaughtered poultry, kept poultry overnight, remained open without rest days, had uneven muddy floors, held poultry on the floor, and housed sick and healthy poultry together were more frequently positive for influenza A viruses. Reported monthly cleaning seemed protective, but disinfection practices were not otherwise associated with influenza A virus detection. Slaughtering, keeping poultry overnight, weekly rest days, infrastructure, and disinfection practices could be targets for interventions to reduce environmental contamination.
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Sun KS, Lam TP, Tang WS, Chan HY, Lam KF, Chow ECY, Wu D, Zhou XD, Xu JY, Ho PL. Improving Public Toilet Environment and Hygiene Practices in an Asian City: Voices From Hong Kong Residents. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 33:378-387. [PMID: 33593075 DOI: 10.1177/1010539521993685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toilet hygiene is an important preventive measure for infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. This study explored public's opinions on improving toilet environment and hygiene practices in Hong Kong. A mixed-method approach was applied. We conducted 4 focus groups plus 3 individual interviews among the Hong Kong Chinese, followed by a questionnaire survey with 300 respondents recruited from various districts. Difference in response distributions between groups with different demographics was tested by Pearson χ2 test. Instead of advocating for advanced toilet facilities, respondents were mostly concerned about basic hygiene issues. Malfunctioning facilities resulting from poor toilet management, such as clogged toilets, stained facilities, and problematic flushing systems, were most cited as barriers to toilet hygiene practices. Three quarters of the survey respondents expressed concerns over worn and poorly maintained toilets, shortage of janitors, and cleansing supplies. However, respondents who were older (P < .001), less educated (P < .001), and had lower income (P = .001) were significantly more likely to find hygiene conditions in public toilets satisfactory. The findings reflected the substandard of the current provisions as a developed city in Asia. Enhanced efforts by the government to maintain basic toilet supplies and facilities is the key to improving public compliance to toilet hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kwok Fai Lam
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Dan Wu
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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17
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Moghnia OH, Rotimi VO, Al-Sweih NA. Evaluating Food Safety Compliance and Hygiene Practices of Food Handlers Working in Community and Healthcare Settings in Kuwait. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1586. [PMID: 33567499 PMCID: PMC7915981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Safe food handling and proper hygiene practices performed by food handlers (FHs) in catering establishments are fundamental elements in reducing foodborne diseases. This study aimed at assessing food safety knowledge and compliance of hygiene practices of FHs within food establishments (using a structured questionnaire). A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2016 to March 2018 on FHs working in community and healthcare settings. A total of 405 FHs, including 44.9% and 55.1%, were working in community and healthcare settings, respectively. The majority, 84.7%, were males with a ratio of 5.5:1. Most of them, 84.4%, had a high school education and above. A greater number, 44%, of FHs were in the age bracket of 29-39 years. As high as 95.6% of them underwent a regular medical check-up. Unsafe attitudes were shown by 44.9%% who used the same hand gloves while handling raw meat and fresh food. Additionally, 42% went home with their uniforms. The hygiene assessment score was 95.8%. In general, FHs have adequate knowledge and compliance with food safety practices. It is recommended that regular and ongoing training on hygienic practices and proper food safety techniques must be given to all FHs to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noura A. Al-Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Al-Safat 24923, Kuwait; (O.H.M.); (V.O.R.)
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18
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Husain SA, Husain SA, Khan OU, D'Cruz L, Allgar V. Review of hygiene adaptations among UK doctors in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21:e20-e25. [PMID: 33479079 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of healthcare workers around the world have contracted COVID-19 from their workplace, thus there is a need to investigate common hygiene practices. AIM We aimed to describe the common hygiene adaptations of doctors in the hospital and at home. METHODS A survey of 110 doctors in UK was carried out to determine their hygiene adaptations and practices. Data were collected on demographics and personal protective equipment compliance. RESULTS The key findings were frequent hand washing (51%), change of clothing entering and leaving hospital (88% and 92%, respectively), taking a shower upon returning home (85%) and washing work attire at temperatures of 60-80°C (50%). A higher proportion of junior doctors washed their scrubs (p=0.004) and stethoscopes (p=0.014) compared with consultants and seniors. Female doctors cleaned their mobile phones (p=0.022) and work belongings (p=0.01) more frequently. CONCLUSION This study signified that junior doctors were more meticulous in hygiene adaptations and female doctors were more fastidious in personal hygiene. The observations of this study may be beneficial in preventing transmission of infection to families of healthcare professionals and are important to implement in the case of a second wave of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Arshad Husain
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK and honorary senior clinical lecturer, Kings College London, London, UK
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19
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Basnet S, Frongillo EA, Nguyen PH, Moore S, Arabi M. Associations of maternal resources with care behaviours differ by resource and behaviour. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 16:e12977. [PMID: 32216037 PMCID: PMC7296814 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Care is important for children's growth and development, but lack or inadequacy of resources for care can constrain appropriate caregiving. The objectives of this study were to examine whether maternal resources for care are associated with care behaviours specifically infant and young child feeding, hygiene, health-seeking, and family care behaviours. The study also examined if some resources for care are more important than others. This study used baseline Alive & Thrive household surveys from Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Ethiopia. Measures of resources for care were maternal education, knowledge, height, nourishment, mental well-being, decision-making autonomy, employment, support in chores, and perceived instrumental support. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of resources for care with child-feeding practices (exclusive breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency, dietary and diversity), hygiene practices (improved drinking water source, improved sanitation, and cleanliness), health-seeking (full immunization), and family care (psychosocial stimulation and availability of adequate caregiver). The models were adjusted for covariates at child, parents, and household levels and accounted for geographic clustering. All measures of resources for care had positive associations with care behaviours; in a few instances, however, the associations between the resources for care and care behaviours were in the negative direction. Improving education, knowledge, nutritional status, mental well-being, autonomy, and social support among mothers would facilitate provision of optimal care for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Basnet
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and BehaviorUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and BehaviorUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Phuong Hong Nguyen
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition DivisionInternational Food Policy Research InstituteWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Spencer Moore
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and BehaviorUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mandana Arabi
- Global Technical ServicesNutrition InternationalOttawaCanada
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20
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Plaza‐Rodríguez C, Kaesbohrer A, Tenhagen B. Probabilistic model for the estimation of the consumer exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus due to cross-contamination and recontamination. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e900. [PMID: 31328433 PMCID: PMC6854851 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in retail meat is one of the current concerns of the public health authorities. Bacterial cross-contamination and recontamination during household food preparation could play an important role in the dissemination of such bacteria, and therefore could contribute to a serious health problem, more specifically for immunocompromised people. In order to evaluate the importance of such events, a probabilistic model was developed to estimate the likelihood and extent of cross-contamination and recontamination and the burden of MRSA from contaminated raw chicken meat via hands and kitchen utensils in a serving (consisting on a slice of bread and a piece of grilled chicken meat) during a household barbecue in Germany. A modular design was used, taking into account the chronological order of the routines during the barbecue event, and Monte Carlo simulations were applied. Available data on the prevalence and burden of MRSA in chicken meat at retail in Germany were used as starting point and were incorporated in the model as probability distributions. The probabilities and extent of bacterial transfer between food items and kitchen utensils (referred to as "Objects") and the routines performed during food preparation (referred to as "Actions") specified by their probabilities of occurrence were incorporated as the main input parameters. The model was set up in R 3.5.0 and converted to a standardized format (FSKX file). Therefore, the code can be easily accessed, evaluated, modified, and reused for different purposes. The present study contributes to the quantification of consumer exposure to MRSA through food consumption once contaminated food has entered the household kitchen. Even when the MRSA prevalence and bacterial load in retail chicken meat in Germany are low, resistant bacteria can reach the consumer due to cross-contamination and recontamination events. The results show that the probability of one CFU to be transferred from the contaminated raw chicken meat to the final serving and the number of MRSA bacteria transferred due to cross-contamination and recontamination events are in general low, being the contamination of the final serving more likely to occur via bread, rather than via grilled chicken. The results show that the prevalence of MRSA at retail highly influences the probability of the final serving to be contaminated. However, this study also highlights the importance of keeping good hygiene practices during the household food manipulation for reducing the spread of MRSA. The provision of the model in a standardized data format will allow an easy incorporation of the developed model into a complete quantitative microbial risk assessment model that will greatly help to estimate the risk of consumer exposure to MRSA through the consumption of contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annemarie Kaesbohrer
- Department‐Biological SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd‐Alois Tenhagen
- Department‐Biological SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)BerlinGermany
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21
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Kajjura RB, Veldman FJ, Kassier SM. Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Complementary Feeding, and Hygiene Practices of Mothers With Moderate Acutely Malnourished Children in Uganda. Food Nutr Bull 2019; 40:221-230. [PMID: 31067997 DOI: 10.1177/0379572119840214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate infant and young child complementary feeding practices related to a lack of maternal knowledge contributes to an increased risk of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. There is a lack of data regarding the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices as part of a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition in low-income countries like Uganda. OBJECTIVE To determine whether nutrition education improves knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices of mothers with infants and young children diagnosed with moderate acute malnutrition. METHODS A cross-sequential study using a pretest-posttest design included 204 mother-infant pairs conveniently sampled across 24 randomly selected clusters. Weekly nutrition education sessions were embedded in a supplementary porridge intervention for 3 months. Mean scores and proportions for knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices were determined at baseline and end line. The difference between mean scores at the 2 time points were calculated with the paired t test analysis, while the proportions between baseline and end line were calculated using a z test analysis. RESULTS Mean scores for knowledge, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were higher at end line compared to baseline (P < .001). Handwashing did not improve significantly (P = .183), while boiling water to enhance water quality improved (P < .001). CONCLUSION Nutrition education in conjunction with a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition improved meal frequency, dietary diversity and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Kajjura
- 1 School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,2 School of Agricultural, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Frederick J Veldman
- 3 School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Susanna M Kassier
- 2 School of Agricultural, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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22
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Geresomo NC, Mbuthia EK, Matofari JW, Mwangwela AM. Targeting caregivers with context specific behavior change training increased uptake of recommended hygiene practices during food preparation and complementary feeding in Dedza district of Central Malawi. Ecol Food Nutr 2018; 57:301-313. [PMID: 30028209 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2018.1492379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a targeted training intervention on uptake of recommended hygiene practices by caregivers of children 6-23 months was assessed. A sub-sample of 40 mothers from 303 households was used for a detailed study of hygiene practices during preparation of complementary foods after training. Mothers and caregivers were observed for 6 months and evaluated using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square test was used to determine the differences in proportions of mothers and caregivers who adopted recommended practices. Results showed significant increase in the proportions of mothers and caregivers who followed recommended hygiene practices after training. There was significant decrease in prevalence of diarrhea among the children (45% to 8.6%). It can be concluded that targeted training on practical hands-on activities such as hand washing, cleaning of cooking and serving utensils, covering of food and water increase adoption of recommended hygiene and sanitation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numeri C Geresomo
- a Department of Human Nutrition , Egerton University , Egerton , Kenya
| | | | - Joseph W Matofari
- b Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology , Egerton University , Egerton , Kenya
| | - Agnes M Mwangwela
- c Department of Food Science and Technology , Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources , Lilongwe , Malawi
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Kotha SB, Alabdulaali RA, Dahy WT, Alkhaibari YR, Albaraki ASM, Alghanim AF. The Influence of Oral Health Knowledge on Parental Practices among the Saudi Parents of Children Aged 2-6 Years in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:565-571. [PMID: 30596050 PMCID: PMC6280569 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_341_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The parent's oral health knowledge has a great influence on their children, so the aim of the study was to estimate the parental knowledge about oral health care and its influence in maintaining the diet and hygiene practices on their children and also to access how the demographic variables will influence them in taking their child to dental visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The self-administered pretested questionnaire was distributed among Saudi parents whose children are in the age group of 2-6 years vising primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh city. The PHCCs were divided into five zones (Central, East, West, South, and North). 240-250 samples were randomly selected from each zone to reach the prescribed sample size of 1200. The survey will be composed of self-administered pretested questionnaires seeking for age, gender, educational level, and their financial status followed by 26 questions related to parent knowledge about oral health (14), dietary (5), and hygiene (7) practices what they implement on their child. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software SPSS 25.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Demographic information showed that the average age of the parents who participated in the study is 32.2 years. The mothers were 942 (75.7%) and fathers were 303 (24.3%) among the participants. The mean knowledge score among the mothers (34.85) is slightly greater than fathers (34.76). Similar results with dietary and hygiene practices were not statistically significant (>0.05). The parents having more than one child have better knowledge, of which the parents with more than three children have better scores, which is statistically significant. 69.3% of the parents prefer taking to a dentist only when they have a problem. Moreover, these findings found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Parents should get access to oral health knowledge to put in practice on their children so as to influence them in gaining better oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Babu Kotha
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Formerly Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy (RCsDP), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Abdulaali Alabdulaali
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed Talal Dahy
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Formerly Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy (RCsDP), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Rashed Alkhaibari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saeed Mohammed Albaraki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Formerly Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy (RCsDP), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Fahad Alghanim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Alfarabi College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Qekwana DN, McCrindle CME, Oguttu JW, Grace D. Assessment of the Occupational Health and Food Safety Risks Associated with the Traditional Slaughter and Consumption of Goats in Gauteng, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E420. [PMID: 28420084 PMCID: PMC5409621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the occupational health and food safety risks associated with the traditional slaughter of goats and the consumption of such meat in Tshwane, South Africa. METHODS A convenience sample of 105 respondents agreed to be interviewed using structured questionnaires. RESULTS A high proportion (62.64%) of practitioners admitted to not wearing protective clothing during slaughter. Slaughtering was mainly carried out by males (99%) with experience (62.2%). Forty-four percent of practitioners only changed the clothes they wore while slaughtering when they got home. During the actual slaughter, up to seven people may be involved. The majority (58.9%) of slaughters occurred early in the morning and none of the goats were stunned first. In 77.5% of cases, the health status of the persons who performed the slaughtering was not known. The majority (57.3%) of the slaughters were performed on a corrugated iron roof sheet (zinc plate). In 83.3% of the cases, the carcass was hung up to facilitate bleeding, flaying, and evisceration. Meat inspection was not practiced by any of the respondents. Throughout the slaughter process, the majority used the same knife (84.3) and 84.7% only cleaned the knife when it became soiled. A total of 52.0% of the respondents processed the carcass and cooked the meat immediately. The majority (80.0%) consumed the meat within 30 min of cooking. CONCLUSIONS Men are at a higher risk of occupational health hazards associated with traditional slaughter, which can be transferred to their households. Unhygienic methods of processing and the lack of any form of post-mortem examination increase the risk of food-borne illness following the consumption of such meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Qekwana
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Cheryl M E McCrindle
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - James W Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Christiaan de Wet Rd. & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Park, Roodepoort 1710, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Mwase I, Mutoro A, Owino V, Garcia AL, Wright CM. Poor Infant Feeding Practices and High Prevalence of Malnutrition in Urban Slum Child Care Centres in Nairobi: A Pilot Study. J Trop Pediatr 2016; 62:46-54. [PMID: 26507408 PMCID: PMC4935784 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the style and quality of feeding and care provided in child day-care centres in slum areas. This study purposively sampled five day-care centres in Nairobi, Kenya, where anthropometric measurements were collected among 33 children aged 6-24 months. Mealtime interactions were further observed in 11 children from four centres, using a standardized data collection sheet. We recorded the child actions, such as mood, interest in food, distraction level, as well as caregiver actions, such as encouragement to eat, level of distraction and presence of neutral actions. Of the 33 children assessed, with a mean age of 15.9 ± 4.9 months, 14 (42%) were female. Undernutrition was found in 13 (39%) children with at least one Z score <-2 or oedema (2): height for age <-2 (11), weight for age <-2 (11), body mass index for age <-2 (4). Rates of undernutrition were highest (9 of 13; 69%) in children aged 18-24 months. Hand-washing before the meal was lacking in all centres. Caregivers were often distracted and rarely encouraged children to feed, with most children eating less than half of their served meal. Poor hygiene coupled with non-responsive care practices observed in the centres is a threat to child health, growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mwase
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Antonina Mutoro
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Victor Owino
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Technology, The Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ada L. Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Charlotte M. Wright
- Paediatric Epidemiology and Community Health (PEACH Unit), School of Medicine, MVLS College, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK
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Dumba R, Kaddu JB, Wabwire Mangen F. Intestinal helminths in Luweero district, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2008; 8:90-96. [PMID: 19357757 PMCID: PMC2584320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal helminthiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease found in many parts of Uganda including Luweero district. In the district, the disease causes as high as 9% morbidity in children below five years. There was very scanty district information on the disease based mainly on hospital records despite this figure. The current study was carried out to provide data to plan for its effective control. OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors that promote helminth infections among children under five years of age in Luweero district. METHODS Stool samples from 727 children were examined for presence of helminth ova using Kato-Katz technique. The subjects' parents or guardians were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to establish their demographic, social-cultural characteristics; information on water accessibility and usage; child toileting practices and knowledge about helminthiasis. RESULTS Risk factors strongly associated with helminth infections included methods of anal cleaning, how compounds and latrines were maintained, keeping of pigs and age of the subjects, (P <0.001). In addition, methods of hand washing after latrine visits, the respondents' education level, type of house floor and household compound as well as accessibility to water were associated with worm infection. CONCLUSION The hygiene practices of the parents/guardians and environmental surroundings in which the child grows play a big part in determining his or her helminth status. The District Health workers, community leaders and extension staff should educate the community on the importance of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation to minimize the risks of helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinah Dumba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyambogo University, Uganda.
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