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Anokhin D, Maryasevskaya A, Abukaev A, Ozkose UU, Buglakov A, Ivanov DA, Améduri B. Synthesis of Calamitic Fluorinated Mesogens with Complex Crystallization Behavior. Molecules 2023; 28:8002. [PMID: 38138492 PMCID: PMC10745429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and self-organization of the calamitic fluorinated mesogen, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-4-iodobutoxy)ethanesulfonic acid, a potential model for perfluorosulfonic acid membranes (PFSA). The compound is derived in three steps from 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)ethanesulfonyl fluoride, achieving a 78% overall yield. The resulting compound exhibits intricate thermal behavior. At 150 °C, a crystal-to-crystal transition is observed due to the partial disordering of calamitic molecules, which is followed by isotropization at 218 °C. Upon cooling, sample ordering occurs through the formation of large smectic liquid crystalline phase domains. This thermotropic state transforms into a layered crystal phase at lower temperatures, characterized by alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. Using X-ray diffraction, crystalline unit cell models at both room temperature and 170 °C were proposed. Computer simulations of the molecule across varying temperatures support the idea that thermal transitions correlate with a loss of molecular orientation. Importantly, the study underscores the pivotal role of precursor self-organization in aligning channels during membrane fabrication, ensuring controlled and oriented positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Anokhin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.A.); (A.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Alina Maryasevskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.A.); (A.B.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Ainur Abukaev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.A.); (A.B.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Umut Ugur Ozkose
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Piri Reis University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34940, Turkey
| | - Alexander Buglakov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.A.); (A.B.); (D.A.I.)
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.A.); (A.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky 15, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.A.); (A.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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Lopez DH, Yalkowsky SH. The Relationship Between Molecular Symmetry and Physicochemical Properties Involving Boiling and Melting of Organic Compounds. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2801-2815. [PMID: 37561323 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The reliable estimation of phase transition physicochemical properties such as boiling and melting points can be valuable when designing compounds with desired physicochemical properties. This study explores the role of external rotational symmetry in determining boiling and melting points of select organic compounds. Using experimental data from the literature, the entropies of boiling and fusion were obtained for 541 compounds. The statistical significance of external rotational symmetry number on entropies of phase change was determined by using multiple linear regression. In addition, a series of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polysubstituted benzenes, and di-substituted napthalenes are used as examples to demonstrate the role of external symmetry on transition temperature. RESULTS The results reveal that symmetry is not well correlated with boiling point but is statistically significant in melting point. CONCLUSION The lack of correlation between the boiling point and the symmetry number reflects the fact that molecules have a high degree of rotational freedom in both the liquid and the vapor. On the other hand, the strong relationship between symmetry and melting point reflects the fact that molecules are rotationally restricted in the crystal but not in the liquid. Since the symmetry number is equal to the number of ways that the molecule can be properly oriented for incorporation into the crystal lattice, it is a significant determinant of the melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Humberto Lopez
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Samuel Hyman Yalkowsky
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Marei HF, El Maghraby GM, Arafa MF. Eutectic phase transition during tablet manufacture: effect of melting point of eutectic forming drug. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:811-825. [PMID: 37788184 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2264917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate eutectic transition during tableting and storage. Mixtures of lidocaine and series of NSAIDs with increasing melting point were used as model systems to guide formulators to scaleup eutectic forming materials gaining enhanced dissolution while avoiding deleterious physical changes. Physical mixtures of NSAIDs with lidocaine were prepared at eutectic forming ratio. These were directly compressed, dry co-ground before compression, or compressed after wet granulation. Dissolution of tablets was compared to corresponding dry co-ground mixture. Thermograms of direct compressed tablet were compared to co-ground mixture and pure compound. Stability of direct compressed tablets was assessed. Tableting initiated eutexia which enhanced dissolution of NSAIDs. Eutexia was associated with tablet softening in case of low melting point ketoprofen and aceclofenac. Wet granulation hastened eutexia developing unacceptable tablet in case ketoprofen and aceclofenac. Tablets prepared by direct compression of physical mixtures underwent gradual eutectic transition upon storage with the magnitude of eutectic transition reducing with increased melting point of NSAIDs. Ketoprofen was physically unstable but aceclofenac degraded chemically as well. Tenoxicam and meloxicam tablets were physically and chemically stable. Direct compression after physical mixing is the best tableting technique, but low melting point drugs should consider different strategy before compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir F Marei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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Arkhipova DM, Ermolaev VV, Baembitova GR, Samigullina AI, Lyubina AP, Voloshina AD. Oxygen-Containing Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (oxy-QPSs): Synthesis, Properties, and Cellulose Dissolution. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4097. [PMID: 37896340 PMCID: PMC10611013 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the synthesis of oxygen-containing quaternary phosphonium salts (oxy-QPSs) was described. Within this work, structure-property relationships of oxy-QPSs were estimated by systematic analysis of physical-chemical properties. The influence of the oxygen-containing substituent was examined by comparing the properties of oxy-QPSs in homology series as well as with phosphonium analog-included alkyl side chains. The crystal structure analysis showed that the oxygen introduction influences the conformation of the side chain of the oxy-QPS. It was found that oxy-QPSs, using an aprotic co-solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), can dissolve microcrystalline cellulose. The cellulose dissolution in oxy-QPSs appeared to be dependent on the functional group in the cation and anion nature. For the selected conditions, dissolution of up to 5 wt% of cellulose was observed. The antimicrobial activity of oxy-QPSs under study was expected to be low. The biocompatibility of oxy-QPSs with fermentative microbes was tested on non-pathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis. This reliably allows one to safely address the combined biomass destruction and enzyme hydrolysis processes in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M. Arkhipova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Vadim V. Ermolaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Gulnaz R. Baembitova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Aida I. Samigullina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia; (V.V.E.); (G.R.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.)
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Xiao F, Challa Sasi P, Alinezhad A, Sun R, Abdulmalik Ali M. Thermal Phase Transition and Rapid Degradation of Forever Chemicals (PFAS) in Spent Media Using Induction Heating. ACS ES T Eng 2023; 3:1370-1380. [PMID: 37705671 PMCID: PMC10497035 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed an innovative thermal degradation strategy for treating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-containing solid materials. Our strategy satisfies three criteria: the ability to achieve near-complete degradation of PFASs within a short timescale, nonselectivity, and low energy cost. In our method, a metallic reactor containing a PFAS-laden sample was subjected to electromagnetic induction that prompted a rapid temperature rise of the reactor via the Joule heating effect. We demonstrated that subjecting PFASs (0.001-12 μmol) to induction heating for a brief duration (e.g., <40 s) resulted in substantial degradation (>90%) of these compounds, including recalcitrant short-chain PFASs and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids. This finding prompted us to conduct a detailed study of the thermal phase transitions of PFASs using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We identified at least two endothermic DSC peaks for anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic PFASs, signifying the melting and evaporation of the melted PFASs. Melting and evaporation points of many PFASs were reported for the first time. Our data suggest that the rate-limiting step in PFAS thermal degradation is linked with phase transitions (e.g., evaporation) occurring on different time scales. When PFASs are rapidly heated to temperatures similar to those produced during induction heating, the evaporation of melted PFAS slows down, allowing for the degradation of the melted PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Pavankumar Challa Sasi
- Department of Civil
Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
- EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., Hunt Valley, Maryland 21031, United States
| | - Ali Alinezhad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Runze Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Mansurat Abdulmalik Ali
- Department of Civil
Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Ohno H. Applications of Zwitterions and Zwitterionic Polymers for Li-Ion Batteries. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200287. [PMID: 36782072 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A zwitterion is a neutral compound that has both a cation and an anion in the same molecule. Quaternary ammonium cations are frequently used for zwitterions. Zwitterions with quaternary ammonium cations are also common in biological molecules, such as phospholipids, which are the main components of cell membranes. Chemically, they have broad applicability because they are dielectric, non-volatile, and highly polar compounds with a large dipole moment. In addition, after salt addition, ion exchange does not occur in the presence of zwitterions. Owing to these characteristics, zwitterions have been applied as novel electrolyte materials targeting high ionic conductivity. In this review, application of zwitterions and their polymers for Li-ion batteries is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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7
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Starodubtsev YN, Tsepelev VS. Isobaric Thermal Expansivity and Isothermal Compressibility of Liquid Metals. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103801. [PMID: 37241428 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the volumetric thermodynamic coefficients of liquid metals at the melting point and interatomic bond energy was studied. Using dimensional analysis, we obtained equations that connect cohesive energy with thermodynamic coefficients. The relationships were confirmed by experimental data for alkali, alkaline earth, rare earth, and transition metals. Cohesive energy is proportional to the square root of the ratio of melting point Tm divided by thermal expansivity αp. Thermal expansivity does not depend on the atomic size and atomic vibration amplitude. Bulk compressibility βT and internal pressure pi are related to the atomic vibration amplitude by an exponential dependence. Thermal pressure pth decreases with an increasing atomic size. Fcc and hcp metals with high packing density, as well as alkali metals, have the relationships with the highest coefficient of determination. The contribution of electrons and atomic vibrations to the Grüneisen parameter can be calculated for liquid metals at their melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Starodubtsev
- Research Center for Physics of Metal Liquids, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Gammamet Research and Production Enterprise, Yekaterinburg 620131, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Tsepelev
- Research Center for Physics of Metal Liquids, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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8
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Ren B, Li Z, Zhang Y, Feng S, Wang L. New Interpretation of Glass Formation in Isomeric Substances: Shifting from Melting-Point to Melting-Entropy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206389. [PMID: 36792966 PMCID: PMC10104644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the critical thermodynamic parameters determining the glass formation of substances is of great significance for understanding the glass transition and guiding the composition design of glass-forming materials. Nevertheless, the direct access to glass-forming ability (GFA) by thermodynamics for various substances remains to be substantiated. The strategy to seek the fundamental properties of glass formation is explored several decades ago, as pioneered by Angell, arguing that the GFA in isomeric xylenes depends on the low lattice energy manifested by the low melting point. Here, an in-depth study is advanced using two more isomeric systems. Surprisingly, the results do not constantly support the reported relationship between the melting point and glass formation among isomeric molecules. Instead, molecules with enhanced glass formability are featured by the properties of low melting entropy without exception. Comprehensive studies of isomeric molecules find that the low melting entropy is roughly accompanied by the low melting point, explaining the apparent link between melting point and glass formation. Progressively, the viscosity measurements of the isomers uncover a strong dependence of the melting viscosity on melting entropy. These results emphasize the significance of the melting entropy in governing the glass formability of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokang Ren
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Zijing Li
- Key Lab for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei ProvinceSchool of ScienceYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Shidong Feng
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Li‐Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
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Uekusa T, Watanabe T, Watanabe D, Sugano K. Thermodynamic Correlation between Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Crystalline Solubility of Drug-Like Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559054 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to experimentally confirm the thermodynamic correlation between the intrinsic liquid−liquid phase separation (LLPS) concentration (S0LLPS) and crystalline solubility (S0c) of drug-like molecules. Based on the thermodynamic principles, the crystalline solubility LLPS concentration melting point (Tm) equation (CLME) was derived (log10S0C=log10S0LLPS−0.0095Tm−310 for 310 K). The S0LLPS values of 31 drugs were newly measured by simple bulk phase pH-shift or solvent-shift precipitation tests coupled with laser-assisted visual turbidity detection. To ensure the precipitant was not made crystalline at <10 s, the precipitation tests were also performed under the polarized light microscope. The calculated and observed log10S0C values showed a good correlation (root mean squared error: 0.40 log unit, absolute average error: 0.32 log unit).
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10
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Terenteva O, Bikmukhametov A, Gerasimov A, Padnya P, Stoikov I. Macrocyclic Ionic Liquids with Amino Acid Residues: Synthesis and Influence of Thiacalix[4]arene Conformation on Thermal Stability. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36432113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel thiacalix[4]arene based ammonium ionic liquids (ILs) containing amino acid residues (glycine and L-phenylalanine) in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate conformations were synthesized by alkylation of macrocyclic tertiary amines with N-bromoacetyl-amino acids ethyl ester followed by replacing bromide anions with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ions. The melting temperature of the obtained ILs was found in the range of 50−75 °C. The effect of macrocyclic core conformation on the synthesized ILs’ melting points was shown, i.e., the ILs in partial cone conformation have the lowest melting points. Thermal stability of the obtained macrocyclic ILs was determined via thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The onset of decomposition of the synthesized compounds was established at 305−327 °C. The compounds with L-phenylalanine residues are less thermally stable by 3−19 °C than the same glycine-containing derivatives.
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van de Streek J. Comment on the article Properties and interactions - melting point of tribromobenzene isomers. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2022; 78:274-275. [PMID: 35411866 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520621010374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Bujak M, Podsiadło M, Katrusiak A. Response to comment on Properties and interactions - melting point of tribromobenzene isomers. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2022; 78:276-278. [PMID: 35411867 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole, 45-052, Poland
| | - Marcin Podsiadło
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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13
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Sarkisyan VA, Frolova YV, Sobolev RV, Kochetkova AA. [Prediction of melting temperatures of wax gelators depending on their component composition]. Vopr Pitan 2022; 91:99-104. [PMID: 35608529 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-2-99-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of wax gelators is a new direction with the potential for use in foods for special dietary uses. Waxes of both plant and animal origin, which consist of various combinations of organic compounds: hydrocarbons, wax esters, free fatty acids and free higher alcohols, are among the studied ones. One of the main characteristics of these gelling agents is their melting point, which largely depends on the component composition of the wax. However, at present there are no models capable to reliably predict this parameter depending on the gel-forming agent composition. The aim of this work was to build models predicting the influence of wax composition on its melting temperature. Material and methods. Preparative flash chromatography was used to obtain individual fractions of the beeswax (obtained from a Russian apiary). On the basis of these fractions, combinations were made and their melting temperatures were measured using the method of differential scanning calorimetry. Two approaches were used to predict the melting temperatures of wax gel-formers: multiple linear regression and the construction of artificial neural networks. Results. A total of 68 gelling agent combinations were analyzed. The model obtained on the basis of multiple linear regression was characterized by high values of the multiple correlation coefficient (r2=0.77). Nevertheless, high values of the standard deviation in the most cases led to false prediction results. The application of artificial neural networks made it possible to get a more reliable prognosticating system with high values of the correlation coefficient (r2=0.97) and the standard deviation not exceeding 3 °С. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted work it has been shown that it is possible to predict melting temperatures on the basis of the component composition of gel-forming fractions. The use of the data obtained in the article will allow to develop oleogels with the specified composition and properties for their use in new types of foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Sarkisyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yu V Frolova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - R V Sobolev
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Kochetkova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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Gao Z, Liu S, Calvin Sun C. Complexation with aromatic dicarboxylic acids expands the solid-state landscape of berberine. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121587. [PMID: 35176335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two novel salt cocrystals of berberine chloride (BCl) with 4-aminobenzoic acid (BCl-4ABA) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BCl-4HBA) and one new berberine salt with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (B)+(26DHBA)- were prepared and characterized. The chloride anions form N-H···Cl- hydrogen bonds in BCl-4ABA and O-H···Cl- hydrogen bonds in BCl-4HBA. In (B)+(26DHBA)-, the ionic interactions between 26DHBA- and quaternary ammonium cation of berberine contribute to a stronger crystal lattice and a higher melting point. All three new crystal forms exhibit a lower hygroscopicity at 25 ℃ than BCl, which is the crystal form used in the commercial tablets. Compared to BCl, the dissolution rates of BCl-4ABA and BCl-4HBA in water are higher but that of (B)+(26DHBA)- is lower. Among the three crystal forms, the form with a higher melting point also exhibits a lower dissolution rate, which is explained by the stronger intermolecular interactions in these crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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15
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Al Rsheed A, Aldawood S, Aldossary OM. The Size and Shape Effects on the Melting Point of Nanoparticles Based on the Lennard-Jones Potential Function. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11112916. [PMID: 34835680 PMCID: PMC8621700 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A model is proposed to calculate the melting points of nanoparticles based on the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential function. The effects of the size, the shape, and the atomic volume and surface packing of the nanoparticles are considered in the model. The model, based on the L-J potential function for spherical nanoparticles, agrees with the experimental values of gold (Au) and lead (Pb) nanoparticles. The model, based on the L-J potential function, is consistent with Qi and Wang’s model that predicts the Gibbs-Thompson relation. Moreover, the model based on the non-integer L-J potential function can be used to predict the melting points Tm of nanoparticles.
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16
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Bujak M, Podsiadło M, Katrusiak A. Properties and interactions – melting point of tribromobenzene isomers. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2021; 77:632-637. [PMCID: PMC8500239 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520621006399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The melting points of tribromobenzene isomers are correlated with the number, nature and distribution of intermolecular interactions in their structures. Single crystals of isomeric 1,2,3-tribromobenzene (123TBB), 1,2,4-tribromobenzene (124TBB) and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (135TBB) have been grown from different solvents and their structures determined by X-ray diffraction at 100, 200 and 270 K. The melting-point differences of ca 40 K between 135TBB, 123TBB and 124TBB have been correlated with the molecular symmetry and packing preferences in the crystal, as well as with the main types of intermolecular halogen interactions, i.e. Br⋯Br, Br⋯C (Br⋯π) and Br⋯H. The relationship between symmetry and melting point in Carnelley’s rule has been extended to the accessibility of terminal atoms for the formation of intermolecular interactions, their occurrences and distribution, and the close packing. The electrostatic potential mapped on molecular surfaces demonstrates that in more symmetric molecules the more evenly distributed substituents are more accessible and form more optimum intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole, 45-052, Poland
| | - Marcin Podsiadło
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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17
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Woodley CM, Nixon GL, Basilico N, Parapini S, Hong WD, Ward SA, Biagini GA, Leung SC, Taramelli D, Onuma K, Hasebe T, O'Neill PM. Enantioselective Synthesis and Profiling of Potent, Nonlinear Analogues of Antimalarial Tetraoxanes E209 and N205. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1077-1085. [PMID: 34267877 PMCID: PMC8274084 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, such as 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, are promising successors for current front-line antimalarials, semisynthetic artemisinin derivatives. However, limited solubility of second-generation analogues in biological-relevant media represents a barrier in clinical development. We present methodology for the synthesis of nonlinear analogues of second-generation tetraoxane antimalarials E209 and N205 to investigate reduced molecular symmetry on in vitro antimalarial activity and physicochemical properties. While maintaining good antimalarial activity and metabolic stability, head-to-head comparison of linear and nonlinear counterparts showed up to 10-fold improvement in FaSSIF solubility for three of the four analogues studied. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats comparing a selected nonlinear analogue 14a and its parent N205 showed improvement on oral absorption and exposure in vivo with more than double the AUC and a significant increase in oral bioavailability (76% versus 41%). These findings provide support for further in vivo efficacy studies in preclinical animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma L Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics. Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics. Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Suet C Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Affiliated to Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerche sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network (CIRM-IMN), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Keiko Onuma
- Eisai Co.,Ltd. Tsukuba Research Laboratories, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasebe
- Eisai Co.,Ltd. Tsukuba Research Laboratories, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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18
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Huwa N, Weiergräber OH, Kirsch C, Schaffrath U, Classen T. Biochemical and Initial Structural Characterization of the Monocot Chimeric Jacalin OsJAC1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5639. [PMID: 34073266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The monocot chimeric jacalin OsJAC1 from Oryza sativa consists of a dirigent and a jacalin-related lectin domain. The corresponding gene is expressed in response to different abiotic and biotic stimuli. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the basic function of the individual domains and their contribution to the physiological role of the entire protein. In this study, we have established a heterologous expression in Escherichia coli with high yields for the full-length protein OsJAC1 as well as its individual domains. Our findings showed that the secondary structure of both domains is dominated by β-strand elements. Under reducing conditions, the native protein displayed clearly visible transition points of thermal unfolding at 59 and 85 °C, which could be attributed to the lectin and the dirigent domain, respectively. Our study identified a single carbohydrate-binding site for each domain with different specificities towards mannose and glucose (jacalin domain), and galactose moieties (dirigent domain), respectively. The recognition of different carbohydrates might explain the ability of OsJAC1 to respond to different abiotic and biotic factors. This is the first report of specific carbohydrate-binding activity of a DIR domain, shedding new light on its function in the context of this monocot chimeric jacalin.
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19
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Peppel T, Köckerling M. New Low-Melting Triply Charged Homoleptic Cr(III)-Based Ionic Liquids in Comparison to Their Singly Charged Heteroleptic Analogues. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2676. [PMID: 34065306 PMCID: PMC8160797 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of new low-melting triply charged homoleptic Cr(III)-based ionic liquids of the general formula (RMIm)3[Cr(NCS)6] (R = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, benzyl) is reported. Their syntheses and properties are described in comparison to their singly charged heteroleptic analogues of the general formula (RMIm)[Cr(NCS)4L2] (R = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, benzyl; L = pyridine, γ-picoline). In total, sixteen new Reineckate related salts with large imidazolium cations are described. Out of these, five compounds were crystallized, and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. They all consisted of discrete anions and cations with octahedrally coordinated Cr(III) ions. In the structures, various hydrogen contacts interconnect the entities to build up hydrogen bonded networks. Thermal investigations showed relatively low melting points for the homoleptic complexes. The compounds with the [Cr(NCS)6]3- anion melt without decomposition and are stable up to 200 K above their melting points. The complex salts with the [Cr(NCS)4L2]- anion, in contrast, start to decompose and lose L molecules (Pyr or Pic) already at the melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Peppel
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Heterogene Photokatalyse, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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20
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Mital DK, Nancarrow P, Zeinab S, Jabbar NA, Ibrahim TH, Khamis MI, Taha A. Group Contribution Estimation of Ionic Liquid Melting Points: Critical Evaluation and Refinement of Existing Models. Molecules 2021; 26:2454. [PMID: 33922374 PMCID: PMC8122861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While several group contribution method (GCM) models have been developed in recent years for the prediction of ionic liquid (IL) properties, some challenges exist in their effective application. Firstly, the models have been developed and tested based on different datasets; therefore, direct comparison based on reported statistical measures is not reliable. Secondly, many of the existing models are limited in the range of ILs for which they can be used due to the lack of functional group parameters. In this paper, we examine two of the most diverse GCMs for the estimation of IL melting point; a key property in the selection and design of ILs for materials and energy applications. A comprehensive database consisting of over 1300 data points for 933 unique ILs, has been compiled and used to critically evaluate the two GCMs. One of the GCMs has been refined by introducing new functional groups and reparametrized to give improved performance for melting point estimation over a wider range of ILs. This work will aid in the targeted design of ILs for materials and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruve Kumar Mital
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; (D.K.M.); (S.Z.); (N.A.J.); (T.H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Paul Nancarrow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; (D.K.M.); (S.Z.); (N.A.J.); (T.H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Samira Zeinab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; (D.K.M.); (S.Z.); (N.A.J.); (T.H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Nabil Abdel Jabbar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; (D.K.M.); (S.Z.); (N.A.J.); (T.H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Taleb Hassan Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; (D.K.M.); (S.Z.); (N.A.J.); (T.H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Mustafa I. Khamis
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Alnoman Taha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; (D.K.M.); (S.Z.); (N.A.J.); (T.H.I.); (A.T.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, SW Campus, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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21
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Wang L, Liu S, Chen JM, Wang YX, Sun CC. Novel Salt-Cocrystals of Berberine Hydrochloride with Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids: Odd-Even Alternation in Physicochemical Properties. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1758-1767. [PMID: 33656348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, various structurally similar aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, namely, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and pimelic acid, were employed as coformers to obtain phase pure cocrystals with berberine chloride (BCl) by a slow solvent evaporation method. The structures of the four novel salt-cocrystals of BCl were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and their solid-state properties were characterized. Compared with BCl·2H2O, all the cocrystals showed a higher melting point, improved powder dissolution and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), and lower hygroscopicity. It is noteworthy that the melting points and IDRs of these cocrystals exhibit an odd-even alternation with the carbon chain length of the acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Alberti MG, Gálvez JC, Enfedaque A, Castellanos R. Influence of High Temperature on the Fracture Properties of Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:601. [PMID: 33525424 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concrete has become the most common construction material, showing, among other advantages, good behaviour when subjected to high temperatures. Nevertheless, concrete is usually reinforced with elements of other materials such as steel in the form of rebars or fibres. Thus, the behaviour under high temperatures of these other materials can be critical for structural elements. In addition, concrete spalling occurs when concrete is subjected to high temperature due to internal pressures. Micro polypropylene fibres (PP) have shown to be effective for reducing such spalling, although this type of fibres barely improves any of the mechanical properties of the element. Hence, a combination of PP with steel rebars or fibres can be effective for the structural design of elements exposed to high temperatures. New polyolefin fibres (PF) have become an alternative to steel fibres. PF meet the requirements of the standards to consider the contributions of the fibres in the structural design. However, there is a lack of evidence about the behaviour of PF and elements made of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) subjected to high temperatures. Given that these polymer fibres would be melt above 250 °C, the behaviour in the intermediate temperatures was assessed in this study. Uni-axial tests on individual fibres and three-point bending tests of PFRC specimens were performed. The results have shown that the residual load-bearing capacity of the material is gradually lost up to 200 °C, though the PFRC showed structural performance up to 185 °C.
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23
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Ravotti R, Worlitschek J, Pulham CR, Stamatiou A. Triglycerides as Novel Phase-Change Materials: A Review and Assessment of Their Thermal Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235572. [PMID: 33260969 PMCID: PMC7730147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent Heat Storage (LHS) with Phase-Change Materials (PCMs) represents a high energy density storage technology which could be applied in a variety of applications such as waste heat recovery and integration of renewable energy technologies in energy systems. To increase the sustainability of these storage solutions, PCMs have to be developed with particular regard to bio-origin and biodegradability. Triglycerides represent an interesting class of esters as the main constituents of animal and vegetable fats, with attractive thermal properties. In order to be used as PCMs, the thermal behaviour of triglycerides has to be fully understood, as in some cases they have been reported to show polymorphism and supercooling. This study assesses the suitability of triglycerides as PCMs by reviewing the literature published so far on their behaviour and properties. In particular, melting points, enthalpies of fusion, polymorphism, thermal conductivities, heat capacities and thermal cycling stabilities are considered, with a focus on LHS and thermal energy storage applications. In addition, the efforts conducted regarding modelling and the prediction of melting points and enthalpies based on chemical structures are summarized and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ravotti
- Competence Centre Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6048 Horw, Switzerland; (J.W.); (A.S.)
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Worlitschek
- Competence Centre Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6048 Horw, Switzerland; (J.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Colin R. Pulham
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;
| | - Anastasia Stamatiou
- Competence Centre Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6048 Horw, Switzerland; (J.W.); (A.S.)
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24
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Lozano-Martín D, Inês Cardoso Vieira S, Paredes X, Vitoriano Lourenço MJ, Nieto de Castro CA, Sengers JV, Massonne K. Thermal Conductivity of Metastable Ionic Liquid [C 2mim][CH 3SO 3]. Molecules 2020; 25:E4290. [PMID: 32962096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have been suggested as new engineering fluids, namely in the area of heat transfer, as alternatives to current biphenyl and diphenyl oxide, alkylated aromatics and dimethyl polysiloxane oils, which degrade above 200 °C and pose some environmental problems. Recently, we have proposed 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, [C2mim][CH3SO3], as a new heat transfer fluid, because of its thermophysical and toxicological properties. However, there are some interesting points raised in this work, namely the possibility of the existence of liquid metastability below the melting point (303 K) or second order-disorder transitions (λ-type) before reaching the calorimetric freezing point. This paper analyses in more detail this zone of the phase diagram of the pure fluid, by reporting accurate thermal-conductivity measurements between 278 and 355 K with an estimated uncertainty of 2% at a 95% confidence level. A new value of the melting temperature is also reported, Tmelt = 307.8 ± 1 K. Results obtained support liquid metastability behaviour in the solid-phase region and permit the use of this ionic liquid at a heat transfer fluid at temperatures below its melting point. Thermal conductivity models based on Bridgman theory and estimation formulas were also used in this work, failing to predict the experimental data within its uncertainty.
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25
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Miśkiewicz K, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Nebesny E. Effects of Chickpea Protein on Carbohydrate Reactivity in Acrylamide Formation in Low Humidity Model Systems. Foods 2020; 9:E167. [PMID: 32050683 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine and reducing sugars are the principal precursors of acrylamide in foods. Their main sources in pastries are flour and hen egg yolks. One method of reducing acrylamide content in food may be to add a chickpea protein preparation. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the chickpea protein preparation on the thermodynamic properties of carbohydrates and the amount of acrylamide formed in low humidity model systems. In the studied systems, the type and amount of acrylamide precursors and humidity were designed to reflect the parameters typical of shortcrust cookies. In the study, the highest amounts of acrylamide were formed in the reaction between asparagine and fructose and the lowest in the reaction between asparagine and sucrose. Furthermore, the addition of chickpea protein to the analyzed carbohydrate–asparagine model systems reduced the content of acrylamide formed during baking at 180 °C regardless of the type of carbohydrate. The greatest acrylamide reduction (41%) was found in the model system containing fructose.
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26
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Abstract
The chemical nature and aggregate state of superheavy copernicium (Cn) have been subject of speculation for many years. While strong relativistic effects render Cn chemically inert, which led Pitzer to suggest a noble-gas-like behavior in 1975, Eichler and co-workers in 2008 reported substantial interactions with a gold surface in atom-at-a-time experiments, suggesting a metallic character and a solid aggregate state. Herein, we explore the physicochemical properties of Cn by means of first-principles free-energy calculations, which confirm Pitzer's original hypothesis: With predicted melting and boiling points of 283±11 K and 340±10 K, Cn is indeed a volatile liquid and exhibits a density very similar to that of mercury. However, in stark contrast to mercury and the lighter Group 12 metals, we find bulk Cn to be bound by dispersion and to exhibit a large band gap of 6.4 eV, which is consistent with a noble-gas-like character. This non-group-conforming behavior is eventually traced back to strong scalar-relativistic effects, and in the non-relativistic limit, Cn appears as a common Group 12 metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Mewes
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632, Auckland, New Zealand.,Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Odile R Smits
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Georg Kresse
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Sciences, Sensengasse 8/12, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Faden M, Höhlein S, Wanner J, König-Haagen A, Brüggemann D. Review of Thermophysical Property Data of Octadecane for Phase-Change Studies. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12182974. [PMID: 31540062 PMCID: PMC6766243 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this work we derive temperature-dependent functions for the most important material properties needed for phase change studies with octadecane. Over 80 references are reviewed in which at least one thermophysical property of octadecane is measured. The functions are valid ±40 K around the melting temperature and are surrounded by their confidence interval. It turns out that the values for the solid phase have much broader confidence intervals than the ones of the liquid phase. Hence, more accurate measurements are particularly desirable for the solid state material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Faden
- Chair of Engineering Thermodynamics and Transport Processes (LTTT), Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Stephan Höhlein
- Chair of Engineering Thermodynamics and Transport Processes (LTTT), Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Joschka Wanner
- Chair of Empirical Economics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Andreas König-Haagen
- Chair of Engineering Thermodynamics and Transport Processes (LTTT), Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Dieter Brüggemann
- Chair of Engineering Thermodynamics and Transport Processes (LTTT), Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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28
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Brown TN, Armitage JM, Arnot JA. Application of an Iterative Fragment Selection (IFS) Method to Estimate Entropies of Fusion and Melting Points of Organic Chemicals. Mol Inform 2019; 38:e1800160. [PMID: 30816634 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to develop and evaluate novel Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPRs) for predicting entropy of fusion (ΔSM ) and melting point (TM ) of organic chemicals from chemical structure. The QSPRs are developed using the Iterative Fragment Selection (IFS) method that requires only 2D structural information from the user (SMILES codes) for property prediction. The QSPRs also provide information on the applicability domain for each calculation and uncertainty estimates for the predictions. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the external validation sets are 11.8 J mol-1 K-1 and 46.9 K for the ΔSM and TM QSPRs, respectively. The performance of the new QSPRs is comparable to other predictive methods but has advantages with respect to availability and ease of use as well as the guidance on applicability domain for each prediction. Limitations of the new QSPRs are discussed. The QSPRs are coded as a user-friendly, freely available tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Armitage
- AES Armitage Environmental Sciences, Inc., Ottawa ON, Canada, K1L 8C3
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Inc., Toronto ON, Canada, M4M 1W4.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto ON, Canada, M1C 1A4.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
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Chiashi S, Saito Y, Kato T, Konabe S, Okada S, Yamamoto T, Homma Y. Confinement Effect of Sub-nanometer Difference on Melting Point of Ice-Nanotubes Measured by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2019; 13:1177-1182. [PMID: 30668902 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melting point is independent of size and shape in bulk materials, but it exhibits a size dependence when the material size is extremely small. In this study, we measured the melting point of water confined in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with 16 different chiralities, which ranged from 0.95 to 1.26 nm in diameter, and revealed the details of the SWCNT diameter dependence on the melting points. The melting points were probed by utilizing the change of photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelength of SWCNTs, which encapsulated water, and the relation between the emission wavelength, and the water phase was confirmed by first-principles calculations. The periodicity of the melting point variation with SWCNT diameter came from the discrete change of ice-nanotube (ice-NT) diameter, and in addition, even ice-NT with an identical diameter exhibited different melting points due to the slight difference of the inner space size of the encapsulating SWCNTs. The present results agreed with those of the molecular dynamics simulation (Takaiwa, D.; et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 39-43). It was elucidated that the melting point of the nanomaterial changed sensitively to the atomic structure and the confinement space size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Research Institute for Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Yuta Saito
- Department of Physics , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Physics , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Satoru Konabe
- Research Institute for Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Research Institute for Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Engineering , Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585 , Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Homma
- Research Institute for Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
- Department of Physics , Tokyo University of Science , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
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Drozd KV, Arkhipov SG, Boldyreva EV, Perlovich GL. Crystal structure of a 1:1 salt of 4-amino-benzoic acid (vitamin B 10) with pyrazinoic acid. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1923-1927. [PMID: 30574402 PMCID: PMC6281118 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018016663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The title 1:1 salt, C7H8NO2 +·C5H3N2O2 - (systematic name: 4-carb-oxy-anilinium pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate), was synthesized successfully by slow evaporation of a saturated solution from water-ethanol (1:1 v/v) mixture and characterized by X-ray diffraction (SCXRD, PXRD) and calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structure of the salt was solved and refined at 150 and 293 K. The salt crystallizes with one mol-ecule of 4-amino-benzoic acid (PABA) and one mol-ecule of pyrazinoic acid (POA) in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the PABA and POA mol-ecules are associated via COOH⋯Narom heterosynthons, which are connected by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, creating zigzag chains. The chains are further linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions along the b axis [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.7377 (13) and 3.8034 (13) Å at 150 and 293 K, respectively] to form a layered three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Drozd
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Academicheskaya, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - S. G. Arkhipov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze str. 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Laverentiev Ave. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G. L. Perlovich
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Academicheskaya, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Ye R, Gao X, Ling Z. Characterization of MgCl₂·6H₂O-Based Eutectic/Expanded Perlite Composite Phase Change Material with Low Thermal Conductivity. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E2369. [PMID: 30477279 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The melting points of the phase change materials (PCMs) incorporated into the walls of buildings should be within the human thermal comfort temperature range. In this paper, 15 wt.% of MgCl2·6H2O was mixed with CaCl2·6H2O to obtain the eutectic with a melting point of 23.9 °C. SrCl2·6H2O suppresses the supecooling of the eutectic. The combination with expanded perlite (EP) via the impregnation method overcomes the phase separation and liquid leakage of the CaCl2∙6H2O-MgCl2∙6H2O mixture. The composite PCM is form-stable with the maximum loading mass fraction up to 50 wt.% and latent heat of 73.55 J/g. EP also significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the CaCl2∙6H2O-MgCl2∙6H2O from 0.732 to 0.144 W/(m·K). The heating-cooling cycling test reveals that the composite PCM is thermally stable. The cheap eutectic salt hydrate, with little supercooling, no phase separation and liquid leakage, low thermal conductivity and good thermal reliability, show great potential as envelope materials to save energy consumption in buildings.
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Bujak M. Melting point, molecular symmetry and aggregation of tetrachlorobenzene isomers: the role of halogen bonding. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2018; 74:458-466. [PMID: 30297552 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618012295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobenzenes represent one of the best known, but not yet fully understood, group of isomers of the structure-melting point relationship. The differences in melting temperatures of these structurally related compounds were rationalized in terms of the hierarchy and nature of formed noncovalent interactions, and the molecular aggregation that is influenced by molecular symmetry. The highest melting point is associated with the highly symmetric 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomer. The structures of less symmetrical 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, determined at 270 and 90 K, show a distinct pattern of halogen bonds, characterized by the different numbers and types of interactions. The evolution of Cl...Cl/H distances with temperature indicates the attractive character of intermolecular interactions and their importance to the structural and thermodynamic parameters of isomeric compounds. The favoured Cl...Cl halogen bonds were found to play a decisive role in differentiating the melting temperatures of tetrachlorobenzene isomers. It was also found that, besides the molecular symmetry and ability to form specific intermolecular interactions, both the type and the distribution of interactions are the important factors responsible for the melting behaviour of the studied isomers. The observed preferences, in tetrachlorobenzenes, for the formation of specific noncovalent interactions correspond to the distribution of calculated partial atomic charges and to the magnitudes of electrostatic potential on the molecular surfaces as well as correlate with the enthalpy of melting parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Manin AN, Voronin AP, Drozd KV, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL. Pharmaceutical salts of emoxypine with dicarboxylic acids. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:797-806. [PMID: 29973419 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618007386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
New salt forms of the antioxidant drug emoxypine (EMX, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-3-ol) with pharmaceutically acceptable maleic (Mlt), malonic (Mln) and adipic (Adp) acids were obtained {emoxypinium maleate, C8H12NO+·C4H3O4-, [EMX+Mlt], emoxypinium malonate, C8H12NO+·C3H3O4-, [EMX+Mln], and emoxypinium adipate, C8H12NO+·C6H9O4-, [EMX+Adp]} and their crystal structures determined. The molecular packing in the three EMX salts was studied by means of solid-state density functional theory (DFT), followed by QTAIMC (quantum theory of atoms in molecules and crystals) analysis. It was found that the major contribution to the packing energy comes from pyridine-carboxylate and hydroxy-carboxylate heterosynthons forming infinite one-dimensional ribbons, with [EMX+Adp] additionally stabilized by hydrogen-bonded C(9) chains of Adp- ions. The melting processes of the [EMX+Mlt] (1:1), [EMX+Mln] (1:1) and [EMX+Adp] (1:1) salts were studied and the fusion enthalpy was found to increase with the increase of the calculated lattice energy. The dissolution process of the EMX salts in buffer (pH 7.4) was also studied. It was found that the formation of binary crystals of EMX with dicarboxylic acids increases the EMX solubility by more than 30 times compared to its pure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N Manin
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander P Voronin
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia V Drozd
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Churakov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - German L Perlovich
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Xiao Y, Wang T, Huang X. The Effects of Polymorphism on Physicochemical Properties and Pharmacodynamics of Solid Drugs. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:2375-2382. [PMID: 29766778 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180515155425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the polymorphism of solid materials plays important roles in pharmaceutical field, food industry, fine chemicals and so on. Due to the differences in crystal structure, different polymorphs of a given solid drug show different physicochemical characteristics, which may lead to different drug bioavailability and half-life of the drug. Studies about polymorphism of solid drugs have become an indispensable important component in dosage form design, approval, production and quality control of drugs. METHODS In order to reveal the dissimilarity between polymorphs, the classification approach of polymorphism and the features of each category are outlined and discussed in this paper. The influence of polymorphism on physicochemical characteristics of solid drugs such as powder property, melting point, enthalpy of fusion, dissolution behavior and stability are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a variety of differences in drug bioavailability and curative effect of polymorphs are also summarized and discussed. RESULTS Due to the differences in internal crystalline structure, different polymorphs of the same solid drugs generally show different physicochemical properties, including powder property, melting point, enthalpy of fusion, dissolution behavior and stability. Furthermore, different polymorphs of solid drugs often exert a diverse curative effect. CONCLUSION As one of the significant factors to affect the quality and curative effect of solid drugs, polymorphism of drug substances has been investigated in the pharmaceutical field for over 50 years. Considerable studies indicate that comprehensive understanding of polymorphism is important for development, dosage form design, approval, production, quality control and curative effect of solid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Al-Fakih AM, Algamal ZY, Lee MH, Aziz M. A penalized quantitative structure-property relationship study on melting point of energetic carbocyclic nitroaromatic compounds using adaptive bridge penalty. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2018; 29:339-353. [PMID: 29493376 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2018.1439531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A penalized quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model with adaptive bridge penalty for predicting the melting points of 92 energetic carbocyclic nitroaromatic compounds is proposed. To ensure the consistency of the descriptor selection of the proposed penalized adaptive bridge (PBridge), we proposed a ridge estimator ([Formula: see text]) as an initial weight in the adaptive bridge penalty. The Bayesian information criterion was applied to ensure the accurate selection of the tuning parameter ([Formula: see text]). The PBridge based model was internally and externally validated based on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], the Y-randomization test, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the applicability domain. The validation results indicate that the model is robust and not due to chance correlation. The descriptor selection and prediction performance of PBridge for the training dataset outperforms the other methods used. PBridge shows the highest [Formula: see text] of 0.959, [Formula: see text] of 0.953, [Formula: see text] of 0.949 and [Formula: see text] of 0.959, and the lowest [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For the test dataset, PBridge shows a higher [Formula: see text] of 0.945 and [Formula: see text] of 0.948, and a lower [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], indicating its better prediction performance. The results clearly reveal that the proposed PBridge is useful for constructing reliable and robust QSPRs for predicting melting points prior to synthesizing new organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Al-Fakih
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Sana'a University , Sana'a , Yemen
| | - Z Y Algamal
- c Department of Statistics and Informatics , University of Mosul , Mosul , Iraq
| | - M H Lee
- d Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematical Sciences , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
| | - M Aziz
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
- e Advanced Membrane Technology Centre , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
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Raffo PA, Suárez S, Fantoni AC, Baggio R, Cukiernik FD. Polymorphism of a widely used building block for halogen-bonded assemblies: 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2017; 73:667-673. [PMID: 28872062 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617011007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
After reporting the structure of a new polymorph of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (denoted BzF3I3), C6F3I3, (I), which crystallized in the space group P21/c, we perform a comparative analysis with the already reported P21/n polymorph, (II) [Reddy et al. (2006). Chem. Eur. J. 12, 2222-2234]. In polymorph (II), type-II I...I halogen bonds and I...π interactions connect molecules in such a way that a three-dimensional structure is formed; however, the way in which molecules are connected in polymorph (I), through type-II I...I halogen bonds and π-π interactions, gives rise to an exfoldable lamellar structure, which looks less tightly bound than that of (II). In agreement with this structural observation, both the melting point and the melting enthalpy of (I) are lower than those of (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Raffo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Suárez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo C Fantoni
- Instituto de Física de La Plata, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Baggio
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio D Cukiernik
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kőrösi M, Madarász J, Sohajda T, Székely E. Fast further purification of diastereomeric salts of a nonracemic acid by gas antisolvent fractionation. Chirality 2017; 29:610-615. [PMID: 28749538 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel, green possibility of the further purification of the diastereomeric salt of 4-chloromandelic acid and 1-phenylethane-1-amine was developed. Gas antisolvent method using supercritical carbon dioxide was applied for the first time to precipitate the diastereomeric salts with increased purity followed by the supercritical fluid extraction of the dissolved diastereomers. The RR-salt can be purified to >99%, while fractionation-based purification of the SR-salt is limited to ~80%. The limiting initial diastereomeric excess correlates strongly with the atmospheric melting eutectic composition of the same salts, which suggests that despite the fast precipitation, the diastereomeric excess of the solid product is not kinetically determined. The efficiency of the diastereomeric enrichment is in the same range as that of the atmospheric reference experiments; however, technological advantages provided by the antisolvent precipitation method such as fast processing and dry product obtained suggest that this novel procedure is a promising alternative to the atmospheric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Kőrösi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Madarász
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Sohajda
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Székely
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Xu S, Yi S, He J, Wang H, Fang Y, Wang Q. Preparation and Properties of a Novel Microcrystalline Cellulose-Filled Composites Based on Polyamide 6/High-Density Polyethylene. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10070808. [PMID: 28773169 PMCID: PMC5551851 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, lithium chloride (LiCl) was utilized as a modifier to reduce the melting point of polyamide 6 (PA6), and then 15 wt % microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was compounded with low melting point PA6/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by hot pressing. Crystallization analysis revealed that as little as 3 wt % LiCl transformed the crystallographic forms of PA6 from semi-crystalline to an amorphous state (melting point: 220 °C to none), which sharply reduced the processing temperature of the composites. LiCl improved the mechanical properties of the composites, as evidenced by the fact that the impact strength of the composites was increased by 90%. HDPE increased the impact strength of PA6/MCC composites. In addition, morphological analysis revealed that incorporation of LiCl and maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene (MAPE) improved the interfacial adhesion. LiCl increased the glass transition temperature of the composites (the maximum is 72.6 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shunmin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Jun He
- Nanjing Xuhua Sundi New Building Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211224, China.
| | - Haigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Chavoshi SZ, Xu S, Goel S. Addressing the discrepancy of finding the equilibrium melting point of silicon using molecular dynamics simulations. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20170084. [PMID: 28690411 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the equilibrium melting point of silicon using (i) the solid-liquid coexistence method and (ii) the Gibbs free energy technique, and compared our novel results with the previously published results obtained from the Monte Carlo (MC) void-nucleated melting method based on the Tersoff-ARK interatomic potential (Agrawal et al. Phys. Rev. B72, 125206. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.125206)). Considerable discrepancy was observed (approx. 20%) between the former two methods and the MC void-nucleated melting result, leading us to question the applicability of the empirical MC void-nucleated melting method to study a wide range of atomic and molecular systems. A wider impact of the study is that it highlights the bottleneck of the Tersoff-ARK potential in correctly estimating the melting point of silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zare Chavoshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shuozhi Xu
- GWW School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA
| | - Saurav Goel
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Kimura N, Nishimura N, Iwama N, Aihara Y, Ogawa Y, Miyaguchi Y. Evaluation of the thermal property of bovine intramuscular adipose tissue using differential scanning calorimetry. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1615-1622. [PMID: 28485052 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The thermal property of bovine intramuscular adipose tissue (IAT) was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared with the melting point temperature (MP) of the fat extract of IAT, which was measured using the slip point method. The beef samples were classified according to the beef marbling score (BMS). Beef with a high BMS contained less protein than that with middle or low BMS. Beef with a high BMS contained significantly more fat than that with a low BMS (P < 0.05). The endothermic point temperature (EP) of IAT, measured by DSC, was significantly higher than the MP of IAT fat (P < 0.05). The EP showed no significant difference among the three marbling grade groups. Although the MP was correlated with the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content of IAT (R2 = 0.505), there was no correlation between the EP and the MUFA (R2 = 0.040). However, the EP of IAT treated with collagenase was relatively highly correlated with the MP (R2 = 0.655). Thus, these results suggested that DSC analysis would give us the practical thermal information regarding the melt-in the-mouth of beef such as the gelatinization of collagen, along with the melting of fat in IAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kimura
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nana Nishimura
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nagako Iwama
- Beef Cattle Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Hitachiomiya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Aihara
- Beef Cattle Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Hitachiomiya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ogawa
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyaguchi
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
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Jackson CM. Emil Fischer and the "art of chemical experimentation". Hist Sci 2017; 55:86-120. [PMID: 28090782 DOI: 10.1177/0073275316685714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
What did nineteenth-century chemists know? This essay uses Emil Fischer's classic study of the sugars in 1880s and 90s Germany to argue that chemists' knowledge was not primarily vested in the theories of valence, structure, and stereochemistry that have been the subject of so much historical and philosophical analysis of chemistry in this period. Nor can chemistry be reduced to a merely manipulative exercise requiring little or no intellectual input. Examining what chemists themselves termed the "art of chemical experimentation" reveals chemical practice as inseparable from its cognitive component, and it explains how chemists integrated theory with experiment through reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Jackson
- Department of the History of Science, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA
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Whiteside TS, Hilal SH, Brenner A, Carreira LA. Estimating the melting point, entropy of fusion, and enthalpy of fusion of organic compounds via SPARC. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2016; 27:677-701. [PMID: 27586365 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1217270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The entropy of fusion, enthalpy of fusion, and melting point of organic compounds can be estimated through three models developed using the SPARC (SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) platform. The entropy of fusion is modelled through a combination of interaction terms and physical descriptors. The enthalpy of fusion is modelled as a function of the entropy of fusion, boiling point, and flexibility of the molecule. The melting point model is the enthalpy of fusion divided by the entropy of fusion. These models were developed in part to improve SPARC's vapour pressure and solubility models. These models have been tested on 904 unique compounds. The entropy model has a RMS of 12.5 J mol(-1) K(-1). The enthalpy model has a RMS of 4.87 kJ mol(-1). The melting point model has a RMS of 54.4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Whiteside
- a Savannah River National Laboratory , Savannah River Site, Aiken , SC , USA
| | - S H Hilal
- b Environmental Protection Agency , Athens , GA , USA
| | - A Brenner
- c Chemistry Department , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - L A Carreira
- c Chemistry Department , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Rău G, Pisoschi CG, Croitoru O, Amzoiu DC, Mogoşanu GD, Stănciulescu EC. Plant Growth Regulating Activity of Some N-Substituted Chloroacetylanilines. Curr Health Sci J 2016; 42:257-62. [PMID: 30581579 DOI: 10.12865/CHSJ.42.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of six N-substituted chloroacetylanilines and testing their plant growth regulating activity. MATERIAL/METHODS The synthesis of the six N-substituted chloroacetylanilines was accomplished by condensation of N-substituted anilines, in an acidic medium, with chloroacetylchloride. Purified compounds obtained were physico-chemical characterized by elemental analysis and spectral analysis. Five different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% and 5%) of the compounds solubilized in chloroform were used to analzyed their effects on the germination and mainly on the radicular elongation of wheat caryopses, Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum (Poaceae), Dropia variety. RESULTS The N-substituted chloroacetylanilines were solid, differently colored, with high melting temperatures and high yields. Their structure was confirmed both by elemental analysis and by the spectral methods (UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS). CONCLUSIONS For the six analyzed compounds, at five different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% and 5%), the experimental data obtained by the method of linear measurement, in the Triticum assay, showed the inhibition of mean radicular elongation compared with the reference.
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Kröger J, Jacobs S, Jansen EHJM, Fritsche A, Boeing H, Schulze MB. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid fluidity and risk of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Diabetologia 2015; 58:282-9. [PMID: 25344391 PMCID: PMC4287658 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The fluidity of cell membranes has been hypothesised as an important link in the association of fatty acids (FAs) with diabetes risk. The lipophilic index, which can be derived from the FA profile of blood or tissues, has recently been proposed as a novel measure of cell membrane FA fluidity. In this study we aimed to evaluate the lipophilic index in relation to the incidence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS We applied a nested case-cohort design (n = 1,740, including 362 cases) within the EPIC-Potsdam study, which involves 27,548 middle-aged men and women. Erythrocyte membrane FA proportions were measured at baseline and physician-confirmed incident diabetes was assessed during a mean follow-up of 7.0 years. The lipophilic index was calculated as the sum of the products of the FA proportions with the respective FA melting points. RESULTS After multivariable adjustments, including body size measures, there was a positive association between the lipophilic index and diabetes risk (HR comparing top with bottom quartile 1.59 (95% CI 1.08, 2.34), p for trend across quartiles = 0.005). Adjustment for FAs, which are considered established diabetes risk markers, did not substantially attenuate this association. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A high lipophilic index, reflecting lower membrane fluidity, may be associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that membrane fluidity may be an important mediator that links intake and metabolism of FAs to diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany,
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiochemical drug properties, such as aqueous solubility are considered to be a major factor in determining the ultimate success or failure of experimental agents. Solubility is important because it determines the maximum dose which can be taken up. As the size and hydrophobicity of drug candidates has increased over the years, poor solubility has become a more prevalent issue. Recent examples from the literature show that an improved understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and solubility allows this issue to be approached using rational design. AREAS COVERED This review provides selected examples from the recent drug discovery literature that demonstrate various tactics, which have been applied successfully towards improving drug solubility. The examples that were selected demonstrate the underlying principles behind aqueous solubility, such as hydrophobicity and crystalline stability. EXPERT OPINION From a strategic point of view, improving the solubility of a compound should be straightforward because it can be accomplished by simply reducing hydrophobicity or crystalline stability. However, the structural elements and physical properties which control solubility also influence potency, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Furthermore, there are practical aspects such as the quantity and quality of solubility-related data, which hamper the development of structure-solubility relationships. Given that poor aqueous solubility remains a primary issue in drug discovery, there is a continuous need for novel methods to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Walker
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492 , USA +1 203 677 6686 ;
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Abstract
The melting point (TM) of fat is relevant to health, but available methods of determining TM are cumbersome. One of the standard methods of measuring TM for animal and vegetable fats is the slip point, also known as the open capillary method. This method is imprecise and not amenable to automation or mass testing. We have developed a technique for measuring TM of animal fat using the Rotor-Gene Q (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The assay has an intra-assay SD of 0.08°C. A single operator can extract and assay up to 250 samples of animal fat in 24 h, including the time to extract the fat from the adipose tissue. This technique will improve the quality of research into genetic and environmental contributions to fat composition of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lloyd
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, 11 Erade Drive, Piara Waters, Western Australia 6112
| | - S T Dawkins
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, 11 Erade Drive, Piara Waters, Western Australia 6112
| | - R L Dawkins
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, 11 Erade Drive, Piara Waters, Western Australia 6112
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Bekö SL, Alig E, Schmidt MU, van de Streek J. On the correlation between hydrogen bonding and melting points in the inositols. IUCrJ 2014; 1:61-73. [PMID: 25075320 PMCID: PMC4104965 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252513026511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxycyclohexane, exists in nine stereoisomers with different crystal structures and melting points. In a previous paper on the relationship between the melting points of the inositols and the hydrogen-bonding patterns in their crystal structures [Simperler et al. (2006 ▶). CrystEngComm 8, 589], it was noted that although all inositol crystal structures known at that time contained 12 hydrogen bonds per molecule, their melting points span a large range of about 170 °C. Our preliminary investigations suggested that the highest melting point must be corrected for the effect of molecular symmetry, and that the three lowest melting points may need to be revised. This prompted a full investigation, with additional experiments on six of the nine inositols. Thirteen new phases were discovered; for all of these their crystal structures were examined. The crystal structures of eight ordered phases could be determined, of which seven were obtained from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. Five additional phases turned out to be rotator phases and only their unit cells could be determined. Two previously unknown melting points were measured, as well as most enthalpies of melting. Several previously reported melting points were shown to be solid-to-solid phase transitions or decomposition points. Our experiments have revealed a complex picture of phases, rotator phases and phase transitions, in which a simple correlation between melting points and hydrogen-bonding patterns is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor L. Bekö
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edith Alig
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin U. Schmidt
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jacco van de Streek
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence e-mail:
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Sun CQ, Zhang X, Zhou J, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zheng W. Density, Elasticity, and Stability Anomalies of Water Molecules with Fewer than Four Neighbors. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:2565-2570. [PMID: 26704426 DOI: 10.1021/jz401029z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Goldschmidt-Pauling contraction of the H-O polar-covalent bond elongates and polarizes the other noncovalent part of the hydrogen bond (O:H-O), that is, the O:H van der Waals bond, significantly, through the Coulomb repulsion between the electron pairs of adjacent oxygen (O-O). This process enlarges and stiffens those H2O molecules having fewer than four neighbors such as molecular clusters, hydration shells, and the surface skins of water and ice. The shortening of the H-O bond raises the local density of bonding electrons, which in turn polarizes the lone pairs of electrons on oxygen. The stiffening of the shortened H-O bond increases the magnitude of the O1s binding energy shift, causes the blue shift of the H-O phonon frequencies, and elevates the melting point of molecular clusters and ultrathin films of water, which gives rise to their elastic, hydrophobic, highly-polarized, ice-like, and low-density behavior at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Q Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies and Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronics and Physics, Xiangtan University , Hunan 411105, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
- Center for Coordination Bond and Electronic Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies and Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronics and Physics, Xiangtan University , Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies and Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronics and Physics, Xiangtan University , Hunan 411105, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- School of Materials Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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Cui Y, Chiang PC, Choo EF, Boggs J, Rudolph J, Grina J, Wenglowsky S, Ran Y. Systemic in vitro and in vivo evaluation for determining the feasibility of making an amorphous solid dispersion of a B-Raf (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:241-8. [PMID: 23834830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that oral bioavailability of a drug candidate is often influenced by factors such as the permeability, physico-chemical properties, and metabolism of the drug. Among the physico-chemical properties, solubility and dissolution rate are considered the most critical factors affecting the oral bioavailability of a compound G-F is a potent and selective B-Raf inhibitor with poor solubility and adsorption is limited by solubility at high doses. In order to overcome this issue using a spray-dried amorphous dispersion (SDD) formulation was evaluated. A combination of theoretical solubility prediction and in vitro dissolution, were used to predict the in vivo exposure of G-F. The predicted value was found to have good agreement with the in vivo exposure from dosing the crystalline and amorphous form of G-F. In general, this combined approach demonstrated that the amorphous form of G-F offers an advantage over the crystalline form of G-F in terms of solubility; in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption were predictable and consistent with the literature. This systemic approach provides a great value for compound development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Chen S, Liu Y, Fu H, He Y, Li C, Huang W, Jiang Z, Wu G. Unravelling the Role of the Compressed Gas on Melting Point of Liquid Confined in Nanospace. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1052-1055. [PMID: 26286569 DOI: 10.1021/jz300225n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phase behaviors of the liquids in nanospaces are of particular interest to understand the thermodynamics of the liquid on the nanoscale and for their applications that involve the confined systems. However, in many cases, the inconsistent observations of melting point variation for confined liquids are often revealed by different groups. Ionic liquids are a special kind of liquid. Here, by using the merits of the nonvolatile nature of ionic liquids, we realized the encapsulation of ionic liquids inside of mesopores silica oxide nanoparticles with a complete removal of compressed gas under high-vacuum condition; the completely confined ionic liquid formed a crystalline-like phase. It was found that compressed gas plays an important role in changing the melting point of the confined ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimou Chen
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- ‡Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haiying Fu
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yaxing He
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Cheng Li
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wei Huang
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- †Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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