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Yin P, Li B, Hong J, Jing H, Li B, Liu H, Chen X, Lu Y, Shao J. Design Criteria for Architected Materials with Programmable Mechanical Properties Within Theoretical Limit Ranges. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307279. [PMID: 38084485 PMCID: PMC10916576 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Architected materials comprising periodic arrangements of cells have attracted considerable interest in various fields because of their unconventional properties and versatile functionality. Although some better properties may be exhibited when this homogeneous layout is broken, most such studies rely on a fixed material geometry, which limits the design space for material properties. Here, combining heterogeneous and homogeneous assembly of cells to generate tunable geometries, a hierarchically architected material (HAM) capable of significantly enhancing mechanical properties is proposed. Guided by the theoretical model and 745 752 simulation cases, generic design criteria are introduced, including dual screening for unique mechanical properties and careful assembly of specific spatial layouts, to identify the geometry of materials with extreme properties. Such criteria facilitate the potential for unprecedented properties such as Young's modulus at the theoretical limit and tunable positive and negative Poisson's ratios in an ultra-large range. Therefore, this study opens a new paradigm for materials with extreme mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Baotong Li
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jun Hong
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Hui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Bang Li
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongSAR999077China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
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2
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Dai S, Mao L, Ning H, Jiang N, Gan Z, Yi T, Ning Z. Novel Heterogeneous Hydrogel with Dual-Responsive Shape Programmability and Good Biocompatibility. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:9275-9285. [PMID: 38330499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) responsive to various external stimuli can realize a complex shape transformation process and have attracted extensive attention. However, integrating multiple stimulus-responsive mechanisms in one material often requires a complex molecular design and synthesis procedure. In this work, we designed a novel dual-responsive heterogeneous hydrogel (PU-PAM/Alg/PDA), which was manufactured through in situ free radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM) in the presence of alginate (Alg) and polydopamine (PDA) in a porous polycaprolactone-based polyurethane foam (PU-foam). The PU-PAM/Alg/PDA hydrogel could achieve thermal responsiveness through melting-crystallization transformation of polycaprolactone (PCL), while the metallo-supramolecular interactions between Alg and Fe3+ could provide ion responsiveness for this hydrogel. This dual-programmable feature endowed the heterogeneous hydrogel with a complex shape-morphing behavior and also a reconfiguration ability for the permanent shape. Meanwhile, the strong hydrogen bondings between PDA and polyurethane chains enhanced the interfacial adhesions, resulting in the structural integrity and excellent mechanical property of PU-PAM/Alg/PDA. The in vitro and in vivo tests revealed the good biocompatibility of the heterogeneous hydrogel, and the potential of the heterogeneous hydrogel as an esophageal stent was evaluated in vitro as conceptual proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huijuan Ning
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tuoxin Yi
- Xinxing Cathay International Pharmaceutical Holdings co, Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhenbo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Oh KR, Onn TM, Walton A, Odlyzko ML, Frisbie CD, Dauenhauer PJ. Fabrication of Large-Area Metal-on-Carbon Catalytic Condensers for Programmable Catalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:684-694. [PMID: 38150675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic condensers stabilize charge on either side of a high-k dielectric film to modulate the electronic states of a catalytic layer for the electronic control of surface reactions. Here, carbon sputtering provided for fast, large-scale fabrication of metal-carbon catalytic condensers required for industrial application. Carbon films were sputtered on HfO2 dielectric/p-type Si with different thicknesses (1, 3, 6, and 10 nm), and the enhancement of conductance and capacitance of carbon films was observed upon increasing the carbon thickness following thermal treatment at 400 °C. After Pt deposition on the carbon films, the Pt catalytic condenser exhibited a high capacitance of ∼210 nF/cm2 that was maintained at a frequency ∼1000 Hz, satisfying the requirement for a dynamic catalyst to implement catalytic resonance. Temperature-programmed desorption of carbon monoxide yielded CO desorption peaks that shifted in temperature with the varying potential applied to the condenser (-6 or +6 V), indicating a shift in the binding energy of carbon monoxide on the Pt condenser surface. A substantial increase in capacitance (∼2000 nF/cm2) of the Pt-on-carbon devices was observed at elevated temperatures of 400 °C that can modulate ∼10% of charge per metal atom when 10 V potential was applied. A large catalytic condenser of 42 cm2 area Pt/C/HfO2/Si exhibited a high capacitance of 9393 nF with a low leakage current/capacitive current ratio (<0.1), demonstrating the practicality and versatility of the facile, large-scale fabrication method for metal-carbon catalytic condensers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ryul Oh
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tzia Ming Onn
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amber Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael L Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, 100 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Yang GQ, Cai W, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Progress in Programmable DNA-Aided Self-Assembly of the Master Frame of a Drug Delivery System. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5125-5144. [PMID: 38011318 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Every year cancer causes approximately 10 million deaths globally. Researchers have developed numerous targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) with nanoparticles, polymers, and liposomes, but these synthetic materials have poor degradability and low biocompatibility. Because DNA nanostructures have good degradability and high biocompatibility, extensive studies have been performed to construct DDSs with DNA nanostructures as the molecular-layer master frame (MF) assembled via programmable DNA-aided self-assembly for targeted drug release. To learn the progressing trend of self-assembly techniques and keep pace with their recent rapid advancements, it is crucial to provide an overview of their past and recent progress. In this review article, we first present the techniques to assemble the MF of a DDS with solely DNA strands; to assemble MFs with one or more additional type of construction materials, e.g., polymers (including RNA and protein), inorganic nanoparticle, or metal ions, in addition to DNA strands; and to assemble the more complex DNA nanocomplexes. It is observed that both the techniques used and the MFs constructed have become increasingly complex and that the DDS constructed has an increasing number of advanced functions. From our focused review, we anticipate that DDSs with the MF of multiple building materials and DNA nanocomplexes will attract an increasing number of researchers' interests. On the basis of knowledge about materials and functional components (e.g., targeting aptamers/peptides/antibodies and stimuli for drug release) obtained from previously performed studies, researchers can combine more materials with DNA strands to assemble more powerful MFs and incorporate more components to endow DDSs with improved or additional properties/functions, thereby subsequently contributing to cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Q Yang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Cai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Xue J, Tian Z, Xiao X, Du C, Niu S, Han Z, Liu Y. Magnetoactive Soft Materials with Programmable Magnetic Domains for Multifunctional Actuators. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56223-56232. [PMID: 37988636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress having been made in the research of soft actuators, there remains a grand challenge in creating a facile manufacturing process that offers both extensive programmability and exceptional actuation capabilities. Taking inspiration from uncomplicated small organisms, this work aims to develop soft actuators that can be mobilized through straightforward design and control, similar to caterpillars or inchworms. They execute intricate actions and functions to meet survival needs in the most efficient manner possible. Here, a novel soft actuator with uniformly dispersed ferromagnetic microparticles but programmatic magnetic profile distribution is proposed by a convenient magnetization process. Benefiting from its high magnetic sensitivity and good matrix flexibility, the actuator can simultaneously achieve reversible, remote, and fast programmable shape transformation and controllable movement even in a magnetic field as low as 14 Gs. Complemented by intrinsic material properties and structural configuration, actuation employing spatial magnetization profiles can facilitate multiple modes of locomotion when subjected to magnetic fields, allowing for an efficient manipulation task of both solid and liquid media. More importantly, a finite element model is developed to assist in the design of the interaction between the alternating magnetic field and the magnetic torques. This advanced soft actuator would strongly push forward major breakthroughs in key applications such as intelligent sensors, disaster rescue, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingze Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xinze Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Chuankai Du
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
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Chen Z, Gao B, Li P, Zhao X, Yan Q, Liu Z, Xu L, Zheng H, Xue F, Ding R, Xiong J, Tang Z, Peng Q, Hu Y, He X. Multistimuli-Responsive Actuators Derived from Natural Materials for Entirely Biodegradable and Programmable Untethered Soft Robots. ACS Nano 2023; 17:23032-23045. [PMID: 37939309 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Untethered soft robots have attracted growing attention due to their safe interaction with living organisms, good flexibility, and accurate remote control. However, the materials involved are often nonbiodegradable or are derived from nonrenewable resources, leading to serious environmental problems. Here, we report a biomass-based multistimuli-responsive actuator based on cuttlefish ink nanoparticles (CINPs), wood-derived cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and bioderived polylactic acid (PLA). Taking advantage of the good photothermal conversion performance and exceptionally hygroscopic sensitivity of the CINPs/CNF composite (CICC) layer and the opposite thermally induced deformation behavior between the CICC layer and PLA layer, the soft actuator exhibits reversible deformation behaviors under near-infrared (NIR) light, humidity, and temperature stimuli, respectively. By introducing patterned or alignment structures and combining them with a macroscopic reassembly strategy, diverse programmable shape-morphing from 2D to 3D such as letter-shape, coiling, self-folding, and more sophisticated 3D deformations have been demonstrated. All of these deformations can be successfully predicted by finite element analysis (FEA) . Furthermore, this actuator has been further applied as an untethered grasping robot, weightlifting robot, and climbing robot capable of climbing a vertical pole. Such actuators consisting entirely of biodegradable materials will offer a sustainable future for untethered soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigong Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Matter Behave in Space Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Sang M, Lou C, Liao G, Liu S, Wu J, Gong X, Ma Q, Xuan S. Triple-Responsive Soft Actuator with Plastically Retentive Deformation and Magnetically Programmable Recovery. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37987998 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Multistimuli responsiveness and programmable shape recovery are crucial for soft actuators in soft robotics, electronics, and wearables. However, existing strategies for actuation cannot attain power-free shape retention after removing the external energy supply. Here, a self-assembled density deposition method was developed to fabricate an electrothermal-NIR-magnetic triple-response actuator which was composed of cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol)/liquid metal (CNF/PVA/LM) and magnetic polydimethylsiloxane (MPDMS) layer. Interestingly, the large deformation can be controllably fixed and the temporary configuration will be programmable recovered under a magnetic field due to the thermal-plastic transferring behavior of the CNF/PVA/LM. Rolling robot prepared based on soft actuators exhibits good ability to avoid obstacles. In addition, the object handling and programmable release capabilities of the carrier robots demonstrate that this actuation approach will contribute to a better understanding of how to more rationally utilize various stimuli for application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Min Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Congcong Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Guojiang Liao
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu Sichuan 610213, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd. 333 Jiang Xin Sha Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200137, PR China
| | - Shouhu Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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8
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Wang M, Fa S, Zhang G, Yu J, Zhang Q. Sequentially Controlled Recognition of Different Proteins Using Programmable Protein Imprinted Nanospheres. Small 2023; 19:e2304957. [PMID: 37518853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although protein imprinted materials with multiple templates are developed to selectively separate different proteins, it is difficult to achieve the programmed adsorption and separation of different proteins using one material, because the available protein imprinted materials are constructed through irreversible crosslinking and their structures are unprogrammable and non-reconstructive. Herein, a novel nanosphere (MS@PTL-g-PNIPAM) is designed, which not only is temperature and pH responsive but also can dynamically reversibly crosslink/de-crosslink under ultraviolet light of different wavelengths. With the help of the dynamically reversible photo-crosslinking, the nanospheres can be repeatedly programmed into protein imprinted nanospheres toward different target proteins. Moreover, the prepared imprinted nanospheres can easily achieve the controlled rebinding and release of target proteins, benefiting from the introduced temperature- and pH-responsive moieties. As a consequence, this study realizes the specific separation of different target proteins from protein mixture and the real bovine blood sequentially by programming one material. It is resource saving, time saving, recyclable, and it will provide convenience for protein imprinted materials to use in the blood purification, drug delivery, and virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shixin Fa
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiate Yu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang W, Lin J, Zheng Z, Gao Y, Tao J, Shang W, Zhang M. A One-Bit Programmable Multi-Functional Metasurface for Microwave Beam Shaping. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2011. [PMID: 38004867 PMCID: PMC10673322 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a multi-functional metasurface for microwave beam-shaping application. The metasurface consists of an array of programmable unit cells, and each unit cell is integrated with one varactor diode. By turning the electrical bias on the diode on and off, the phase delay of the microwave reflected by the metasurface can be switched between 0 and π at a 6.2 GHz frequency, which makes the metasurface 1-bit-coded. By programming the 1-bit-coded metasurface, the generation of a single-focus beam, a double-focus beam and a focused vortex beam was experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the single-focus beam with tunable focal lengths of 54 mm, 103 mm and 152 mm was experimentally observed at 5.7 GHz. The proposed programmable metasurface manifests robust and flexible beam-shaping ability which allows its application to microwave imaging, information transmission and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahan Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zitao Zheng
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yusong Gao
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jifang Tao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenli Shang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Chen M, Liu G, Zhang M, Li Y, Hong X, Yang H. Programmatically Dynamic Microcompartmentation in Coacervate-in-Pickering Emulsion Protocell. Small 2023; 19:e2206437. [PMID: 36564366 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The desire for exploration of cellular functional mechanisms has substantially increased the rapid development of artificial cells. However, the construction of synthetic cells with high organizational complexity remains challenging due to the lack of facile approaches ensuring dynamic multi-compartments of cytoplasm and stability of membranes in protocells. Herein, a stable coacervate-in-Pickering emulsion protocell model comprising a membraneless coacervate phase formed by poly-l-lysine (PLys) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) encapsulated in Pickering emulsion is put forward only through simple one-step emulsification. The dynamic distribution of intracellular components (coacervates in this protocell model) can be manipulated by changes in temperature or pH. This coacervate-in-Pickering emulsion protocell system exhibits repeatable cycle stability in response to external stimuli (at least 24 cycles for temperature and 3 cycles for pH). By encapsulating antagonistic enzymes into coacervates, glucose oxidase (GOx) and urease as an example, the control of local enzyme concentration is achieved by introducing glucose and urea to adjust the pH value in Pickering emulsion droplets. This hybrid protocell model with programmatically dynamic microcompartmentation and sufficient stability is expected to be further studied and applied in cellular biology, facilitating the development of lifelike systems with potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xinlin Hong
- College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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11
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Wang HL, Ma HF, Cui TJ. A Polarization-Modulated Information Metasurface for Encryption Wireless Communications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2204333. [PMID: 36253137 PMCID: PMC9731708 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmable and information metasurfaces have shown great potentials in wireless communications, but there are few reports on encrypted communications. In this paper, a programmable polarization-modulated (PoM) information metasurface is proposed, which can not only customize arbitrarily linearly polarized reflected waves, but also modulate their amplitudes in real time. Based on this feature, a physical-level wireless communication encryption scheme is presented and experimentally demonstrated by introducing a meta-key, which can be encrypted and sent by the programmable PoM information metasurface. To be specific, the key is encoded and concealed into different linear polarization channels, and then modulated and transmitted by the information metasurface at the transmitting end. At the receiving end, the modulated signal can be received and decoded by using a pair of polarization discrimination antennas. A wireless transceiver system is established to verify the feasibility of the scheme. It is shown that, once the meta-key is obtained, the corresponding encrypted target information that has been sent to the user in advance can be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Hui Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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12
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Chen C, Li P, Guo T, Chen S, Xu D, Chen H. Generation of Dynamic Concentration Profile Using A Microfluidic Device Integrating Pneumatic Microvalves. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12100868. [PMID: 36291005 PMCID: PMC9599525 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generating and maintaining the concentration dilutions of diffusible molecules in microchannels is critical for high-throughput chemical and biological analysis. Conventional serial network microfluidic technologies can generate high orders of arbitrary concentrations by a predefined microchannel network. However, a previous design requires a large occupancy area and is unable to dynamically generate different profiles in the same chip, limiting its applications. This study developed a microfluidic device enabling dynamic variations of both the concentration in the same channel and the concentration distribution in multiple channels by adjusting the flow resistance using programmable pneumatic microvalves. The key component (the pneumatic microvalve) allowed dynamic adjustment of the concentration profile but occupied a tiny space. Additionally, a Matlab program was developed to calculate the flow rates and flow resistance of various sections of the device, which provided theoretical guidance for dimension design. In silico investigations were conducted to evaluate the microvalve deformation with widths from 100 to 300 µm and membrane thicknesses of 20 and 30 µm under the activation pressures between 0 and 2000 mbar. The flow resistance of the deformed valve was studied both numerically and experimentally and an empirical model for valve flow resistance with the form of Rh=aebP was proposed. Afterward, the fluid flow in the valve region was characterized using Micro PIV to further demonstrate the adjustment mechanism of the flow resistance. Then, the herringbone structures were employed for fast mixing to allow both quick variation of concentration and minor space usage of the channel network. Finally, an empirical formula-supported computational program was developed to provide the activation pressures required for the specific concentration profile. Both linear (Ck = -0.2k + 1) and nonlinear (Ck = (110)k) concentration distribution in four channels were varied using the same device by adjusting microvalves. The device demonstrated the capability to control the concentration profile dynamically in a small space, offering superior application potentials in analytical chemistry, drug screening, and cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Siyuan Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Wen X, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zhao Q. Reversible Shape-Shifting of an Ionic Strength Responsive Hydrogel Enabled by Programmable Network Anisotropy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:40344-40350. [PMID: 36017981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reversible shape-shifting hydrogels exhibit great potential in diverse fields. Repeatable programmability for the shape transformation has newly been enabled in thermally responsive hydrogels via engineering of the chain orientation of the polymer network, which substantially promotes the transformation capability. However, diversified responsive behavior and the enabling mechanism require further investigation. Herein, we develop an ionic strength (IS) responsive hydrogel enabling the programmable reversible shape transformation based on a semi-interpenetrating network of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Deformation of the hydrogel upon external force can be fixed due to crystallization of PVA that underwent cyclic freezing-thawing. Therefore, the chain orientation can be retained in the deformed area, enabling the programmable IS responsive actuation. In contrast to the thermally responsive actuation originated from the lower critical solution temperature phase transition, the IS responsive actuation does not accompany any phase change and the corresponding mechanism is proposed. Reversible bending providing an actuation angle as large as 80° can be achieved after optimization of the PVA content. The PVA crystals can be melted upon heating, and the responsive actuation can thus be reprogrammed. In addition, utilizing a digital light 3D printer, the hydrogels are further fabricated into arbitrary geometries, thus realizing more complex actuations. Overall, our work provides a general strategy to develop reversible shape-shifting hydrogels and paves the way for soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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14
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Risso G, Sakovsky M, Ermanni P. A Highly Multi-Stable Meta-Structure via Anisotropy for Large and Reversible Shape Transformation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202740. [PMID: 35861407 PMCID: PMC9475508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shape transformation offers the possibility of realizing devices whose 3D shape can be altered to adapt to different environments. Many applications would profit from reversible and actively controllable shape transformation together with a self-locking capability. Solutions that combine such properties are rare. Here, a novel class of meta-structures that can tackle this challenge is presented thanks to multi-stability. Results demonstrate that the multi-stability of the meta-structure is strictly tied to the use of highly anisotropic materials. The design rules that enable large-shape transformation, programmability, and self-locking are derived, and it is proven that the shapes can be actively controlled and harnessed to realize inchworm-inspired locomotion by strategically actuating the meta-structure. This study provides routes toward novel shape adaptive lightweight structures where a metamaterial-inspired assembly of anisotropic components leads to an unforeseen combination of properties, with potential applications in reconfigurable space structures, building facades, antennas, lenses, and soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Risso
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive StructuresDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21CH‐8092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Maria Sakovsky
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive StructuresDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21CH‐8092ZürichSwitzerland
- Reconfigurable & Active Structures LabDepartment of Aeronautics and AstronauticsStanford UniversityMaria SakovskyCA‐94305StanfordUSA
| | - Paolo Ermanni
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive StructuresDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21CH‐8092ZürichSwitzerland
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15
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Wang HL, Zhang YK, Zhang TY, Ma HF, Cui TJ. Broadband and Programmable Amplitude-Phase-Joint-Coding Information Metasurface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:29431-29440. [PMID: 35709434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Information metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years due to the capability to link the physical world and information science. However, most of the current information metasurfaces are either phase-only coding or amplitude-only coding, limiting their functions and applications. Here, a broadband and programmable amplitude-phase-joint-coding (APJC) information metasurface is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, from which the phase and amplitude of reflected electromagnetic waves can be independently controlled by adjusting the bias voltage of PIN diode integrated in the meta-atom. In particular, the reflection amplitude can be continuously controlled from 0.1 to 0.9, and the reflection phase can be switched between two states with about 180° phase difference. Thus, the proposed metasurface is capable of realizing independent 1-bit or multibit amplitude coding and 1-bit phase coding, and both of them can be reprogrammed in real time in broad band from 8 to 13 GHz. The abilities of the programmable APJC information metasurface in manipulating the electromagnetic waves are demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments, including to suppress the sidelobes of scattering beam, generate the diffractive waves with arbitrary magnitudes, and so on. These results show unique advantages of APJC information metasurface in real-time independent controls of energy allocation and wavefront tailoring of the electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tai Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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16
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Hong J, Han J, Cha C. Precision Control of Programmable Actuation of Thermoresponsive Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Multilateral Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5044. [PMID: 35563434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels capable of stimuli-responsive deformation are widely explored as intelligent actuators for diverse applications. It is still a significant challenge, however, to "program" these hydrogels to undergo highly specific and extensive shape changes with precision, because the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of the hydrogels are inherently coupled. Herein, two engineering strategies are simultaneously employed to develop thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm)-based hydrogels capable of programmable actuation. First, PNIPAm is copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with varying molecular weights and concentrations. In addition, graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is incorporated to generate nanocomposite hydrogels. These strategies combine to allow the refined control of mechanical and diffusional properties of hydrogels over a broad range, which also directly influences variable thermoresponsive actuation. It is expected that this comprehensive design principle can be applied to a wide range of hydrogels for programmable actuation.
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17
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Xie XQ, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Cui Y, Li J, Liu CS. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G-quadruplex Hydrogels via a Chemically Fueled Non-Equilibrium Self-assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114471. [PMID: 34927378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial control of natural systems has aroused great interest in the creation of synthetic mimics. Operating with boronic ester-based dynamic covalent chemistry and coupling it with an internal pH feedback system, herein, we developed a new chemically fueled reaction network to design non-equilibrium supramolecular chiral G-quadruplex hydrogels with programmable lifetime from minutes, to hours, to days, as well as high transparency and conductivity, excellent injectability and rapid self-healability. The cycle system can be controlled via in-situ kinetically-controlled formation and dissociation of dynamic boronic ester bonds between cis-diols of guanosine (G) and 5-fluorobenzoxaborole (B) under chemical fuels (KOH and 1,3-propanesultone), leading to the formation of a precipitate-solution-gel-precipitate cycle under non-equilibrium conditions. A combined experimental-computational approach revealed that the underlying mechanism of the non-equilibrium self-assembly involves aggregation and disaggregation of right-handed helical G-quadruplex superstructure. With consecutive cycles of fuel addition, the non-equilibrium system can be easily refueled at least 6 cycles without obvious loss in the rheological moduli of the transient hydrogels. The proposed dynamic boronic ester-based non-equilibrium self-assembly strategy offers a new option to design next-generation adaptive and interactive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Xie
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Mengke Wang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yujia Liang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yihan Cui
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Henan University of Technology, Chemistry Department, Lianhua Street No. 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, CHINA
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
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18
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You R, Kang S, Lee C, Jeon J, Wie JJ, Kim TS, Yoon DK. Programmable Liquid Crystal Defect Arrays via Electric Field Modulation for Mechanically Functional Liquid Crystal Networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36253-36261. [PMID: 34310107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of mesogenic units determines mechanical response of the liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) film to heat. Here, we show an interesting approach to programming three-dimensional patterns of the LCN films with periodic topological defects generated by applying an electric field. The mechanical properties of three representative patterned LCN films were investigated in terms of the arrangement of mesogenic units through tensile testing. Remarkably, it was determined that LCN films showed enhanced toughness and ductility as defects increased in a given area, which is related to the elastic modulus mismatch that mitigates crack propagation. Our platform can also be used to modulate the frictional force of the patterned LCN films by varying the temperature, which can provide insight into the multiplex mechanical properties of LCN films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra You
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has emerged as an important subfield within the microfluidic and general analytical communities. Indeed, several unique applications such as digital assay readout and single-cell sequencing now have commercial systems based on droplet microfluidics. Yet there remains room for this research area to grow. To date, most analytical readouts are optical in nature, relatively few studies have integrated sample preparation, and passive means for droplet formation and manipulation have dominated the field. Analytical scientists continue to expand capabilities by developing droplet-compatible method adaptations, for example, by interfacing to mass spectrometers or automating droplet sampling for temporally resolved analysis. In this review, we highlight recently developed fluidic control techniques and unique integrations of analytical methodology with droplet microfluidics-focusing on automation and the connections to analog/digital domains-and we conclude by offering a perspective on current challenges and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
| | - Md Mohibullah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
| | - Christopher J Easley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
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20
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Dong L, Qiao J, Wu Y, Ren M, Wang Y, Shen X, Wei X, Wang X, Di J, Li Q. Programmable Contractile Actuations of Twisted Spider Dragline Silk Yarns. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:482-490. [PMID: 33397085 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The contraction behavior of spider dragline silk upon water exposure has drawn particular interest in developing humidity-responsive smart materials. We report herein that the spider dragline silk yarns with moderate twists can generate much improved lengthwise contraction of 60% or an isometric stress of 11 MPa when wetted by water. Upon the removal of the absorbed water, the dried and contracted spider silk yarns showed programmable contractile actuations. These yarns can be plastically stretched to any specified lengths between the fully contracted state and the state before supercontraction and return to the fully contracted state when wetted. Moreover, the generated isometric stress of these yarns is also programmable, depending on the stretching ratio. The mechanism of the programmable reversible contraction is based on the plastic mechanical property of the dried and contracted spider silk yarns, which can be explained by the variation of the hydrogen bonds and the secondary structures of the proteins in spider dragline silk. Humidity alarm switches, smart doors, and wound healing devices based on the programmable contractile actuations of the spider silk yarns were demonstrated, which provide application scenarios for the supercontraction of spider dragline silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Dong
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ming Ren
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaofan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangwan Wei
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.,Division of Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
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21
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Weng M, Xiao Y, Yao L, Zhang W, Zhou P, Chen L. Programmable and Self-Healing Light-Driven Actuators through Synergetic Use of Water-Shaping and -Welding Methods. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:55125-55133. [PMID: 33253523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape programming is critical for the fabrication of a light-driven actuator with complex shape morphing, which demonstrates potential applications in remote-controlled light-driven soft robots. However, it remains a huge challenge to obtain light-driven actuators having advantages of complex shape morphing, self-healing function, and facile fabrication simultaneously. Here, we report a facile strategy to obtain programmable and self-healing light-driven actuators with complex shape morphing. Various initial shapes of actuators can be programmed by synergetic use of water-shaping and -welding methods, which provides unlimited opportunities for fabricating actuators with predesigned shapes and subsequently demonstrating complex shape morphing. A template transfer method is used to prepare a single-layer graphene oxide (GO) film with asymmetric surface structures, which acts as the basic actuator and has the self-healing function based on the hydrophilic property of GO. It shows bending morphing under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation due to the photothermal effect and asymmetric morphology on the opposite surfaces. Four more types of actuators are programmed from the basic actuator through the water-shaping method, which exhibits bending, unbending, twisting, and untwisting, respectively, under NIR light illumination. In addition, an S-shape actuator and a flower-shape actuator are programmed from the basic actuators through the water-welding method. By simply turning over the S-shape actuator, it can perform a bidirectional crawling motion. Finally, two intricate bionic light-driven actuators (tendril-shape and octopus-shape) are constructed, which are unattainable from conventional fabrication methods of actuators. We believe that this study will unlock a new way to programmable, self-healing, and light-driven soft robots with tunable and complex shape morphing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcen Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Liqiang Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Peidi Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Luzhuo Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
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22
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Huang X, Lv J, Li Y, Mao S, Li Z, Jing Z, Sun Y, Zhang X, Shen S, Wang X, Di M, Ge J, Huang X, Zuo E, Chi T. Programmable C-to-U RNA editing using the human APOBEC3A deaminase. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104741. [PMID: 33058229 PMCID: PMC7667879 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable RNA cytidine deamination has recently been achieved using a bifunctional editor (RESCUE-S) capable of deaminating both adenine and cysteine. Here, we report the development of "CURE", the first cytidine-specific C-to-U RNA Editor. CURE comprises the cytidine deaminase enzyme APOBEC3A fused to dCas13 and acts in conjunction with unconventional guide RNAs (gRNAs) designed to induce loops at the target sites. Importantly, CURE does not deaminate adenosine, enabling the high-specificity versions of CURE to create fewer missense mutations than RESCUE-S at the off-targets transcriptome-wide. The two editing approaches exhibit overlapping editing motif preferences, with CURE and RESCUE-S being uniquely able to edit UCC and AC motifs, respectively, while they outperform each other at different subsets of the UC targets. Finally, a nuclear-localized version of CURE, but not that of RESCUE-S, can efficiently edit nuclear RNAs. Thus, CURE and RESCUE are distinct in design and complementary in utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Junjun Lv
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongqin Li
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shaoshuai Mao
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhifang Li
- Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Zhengyu Jing
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceKey Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shengxi Shen
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Minghui Di
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianyang Ge
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Erwei Zuo
- Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Tian Chi
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of ImmunobiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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23
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Reiprich J, Isaac NA, Schlag L, Kups T, Hopfeld M, Ecke G, Stauden T, Pezoldt J, Jacobs HO. Localized and Programmable Chemical Vapor Deposition Using an Electrically Charged and Guided Molecular Flux. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12885-12894. [PMID: 32966061 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition is a widely used material deposition technique. It commonly provides a uniform material flux to the substrate to cause uniform thin film growth. However, the ability to precisely adjust the local deposition rate would be highly preferable. This communication reports on a chemical vapor deposition method performed in a localized and programmable fashion by introducing an electrically charged and guided molecular flux. This allows for local adjustments of the deposition rate and three-dimensional shape by controlling the electric fields. Specifically, the precursor molecules are charged and then guided by arrays of electrodynamic funnels, which are created by a patterned dielectric layer, to predetermined deposition locations with a minimal spot size of 250 nm. Furthermore, nearest neighbor coupling is reported as a shaping method to cause the deposition of three-dimensional nanostructures. Additionally, the integration of individually addressable domain electrodes offers programmable charge dissipation to achieve an ON/OFF control. The described method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and precursors. Here, the localized and programmable deposition of three-dimensional copper oxide, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanowires is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Reiprich
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Nishchay A Isaac
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Leslie Schlag
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Kups
- Fachgebiet Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Marcus Hopfeld
- Fachgebiet Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Gernot Ecke
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Stauden
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Pezoldt
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Heiko O Jacobs
- Fachgebiet Nanotechnologie, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronik und Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
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24
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Yaxin Z, Hongxin Z, Wei K, Lan W, Mittleman DM, Ziqiang Y. Terahertz smart dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190609. [PMID: 32921231 PMCID: PMC7536021 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for smart and multi-functional applications in the terahertz (THz) frequency band, such as for communication, imaging, spectroscopy, sensing and THz integrated circuits, motivates the development of novel active, controllable and informational devices for manipulating and controlling THz waves. Metasurfaces are planar artificial structures composed of thousands of unit cells or metallic structures, whose size is either comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of the illuminated wave, which can efficiently interact with the THz wave and exhibit additional degrees of freedom to modulate the THz wave. In the past decades, active metasurfaces have been developed by combining diode arrays, two-dimensional active materials, two-dimensional electron gases, phase transition material films and other such elements, which can overcome the limitations of conventional bulk materials and structures for applications in compact THz multi-functional antennas, diffractive devices, high-speed data transmission and high-resolution imaging. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the development of dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications in the THz band in recent years. Different kinds of active metasurfaces are cited and introduced. We believe that, in the future, active metasurfaces will be combined with digitalization and coding to yield more intelligent metasurfaces, which can be used to realize smart THz wave beam scanning, automatic target recognition imaging, self-adaptive directional high-speed data transmission network, biological intelligent detection and other such applications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yaxin
- Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Hongxin
- Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Kou Wei
- Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Lan
- Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yang Ziqiang
- Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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25
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Liu Y, Mao S, Huang S, Li Y, Chen Y, Di M, Huang X, Lv J, Wang X, Ge J, Shen S, Zhang X, Liu D, Huang X, Chi T. REPAIRx, a specific yet highly efficient programmable A > I RNA base editor. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104748. [PMID: 33058207 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable A > I RNA editing is a valuable tool for basic research and medicine. A variety of editors have been created, but a genetically encoded editor that is both precise and efficient has not been described to date. The trade-off between precision and efficiency is exemplified in the state of the art editor REPAIR, which comprises the ADAR2 deaminase domain fused to dCas13b. REPAIR is highly efficient, but also causes significant off-target effects. Mutations that weaken the deaminase domain can minimize the undesirable effects, but this comes at the expense of on-target editing efficiency. We have now overcome this dilemma by using a multipronged approach: We have chosen an alternative Cas protein (CasRx), inserted the deaminase domain into the middle of CasRx, and redirected the editor to the nucleus. The new editor created, dubbed REPAIRx, is precise yet highly efficient, outperforming various previous versions on both mRNA and nuclear RNA targets. Thus, REPAIRx markedly expands the RNA editing toolkit and illustrates a novel strategy for base editor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoshuai Mao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisheng Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Di
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Lv
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Ge
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxi Shen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Chi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Larrew T, Alshareef M, Murphy RF, Eskandari R, Kosnik Infinger L. Interactions between programmable shunt valves and magnetically controlled growing rods for scoliosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020; 26:667-670. [PMID: 33007746 DOI: 10.3171/2020.6.peds20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the advent of magnetic growing rod technology for scoliosis has provided a means to bypass multiple hardware lengthening operations, it is important to be aware that many of these same patients have a codiagnosis of hydrocephalus with magnet-sensitive programmable ventricular shunts. As the magnetic distraction of scoliosis rods has not previously been described to affect the shunt valve setting, the authors conducted an investigation to characterize the interaction between the two devices. METHODS In this ex vivo study, the authors carried out 360 encounters between four different shunt valve types at varying distances from the magnetic external remote control (ERC) used to distract the growing rods. Valve settings were examined before and after every interaction with the remote control to determine if there was a change in the setting. RESULTS The Medtronic Strata and Codman Hakim valves were found to have setting changes at distances of 3 and 6 inches but not at 12 inches. The Aesculap proGAV and Codman Certas valves, typically described as MRI-resistant, did not have any setting changes due to the magnetic ERC regardless of distance. CONCLUSIONS Although it is not necessary to check a shunt valve after every magnetic distraction of scoliosis growing rods, if there is concern that the magnetic ERC may have been within 12 inches (30 cm) of a programmable ventricular shunt valve, the valve should be checked at the bedside with a programmer or with a skull radiograph along with postdistraction scoliosis radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert F Murphy
- 2Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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27
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Guo H, Cheng J, Yang K, Demella K, Li T, Raghavan SR, Nie Z. Programming the Shape Transformation of a Composite Hydrogel Sheet via Erasable and Rewritable Nanoparticle Patterns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:42654-42660. [PMID: 31633336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels with shapes that can be adapted to their environment have attracted great attention from both academia and industry. We report herein a new and robust strategy to reprogram the light-induced shape transformation of a thermoresponsive composite hydrogel sheet with erasable and rewritable patterns of iron oxide nanoparticles as photothermal agents. Numerous distinct and reversible shape transformations are achieved from a single hydrogel sheet by repeatably writing in the sheet with different nanoparticle patterns. The shape transformations were verified by finite element modeling. The present strategy is simple, fast, and efficient in reprogramming the shape change of the thermoresponsive hydrogel material. The composite hydrogel sheet may find applications in soft robotics, tissue engineering, and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , P.R. China
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28
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Li LL, Qiao ZY, Wang L, Wang H. Programmable Construction of Peptide-Based Materials in Living Subjects: From Modular Design and Morphological Control to Theranostics. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1804971. [PMID: 30450607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanomaterials show potential high efficiency as theranostics for high-performance bioimaging and disease treatment. However, the superstructures of pre-assembled nanomaterials may change in the complicated physiological conditions, resulting in compromised properties and/or biofunctions. Taking advantage of chemical self-assembly and biomedicine, a new strategy of "in vivo self-assembly" is proposed to in situ construct functional nanomaterials in living subjects to explore new biological effects. Herein, recent advances on peptide-based nanomaterials constructed by the in vivo self-assembly strategy are summarized. Modular peptide building blocks with various functions, such as targeting, self-assembly, tailoring, and biofunctional motifs, are employed for the construction of nanomaterials. Then, self-assembly of these building blocks in living systems to construct various morphologies of nanostructures and corresponding unique biological effects, such as assembly/aggregation-induced retention (AIR), are introduced, followed by their applications in high-performance drug delivery and bioimaging. Finally, an outlook and perspective toward future developments of in vivo self-assembled peptide-based nanomaterials for translational medicine are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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29
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Zhang L, Chen XQ, Shao RW, Dai JY, Cheng Q, Castaldi G, Galdi V, Cui TJ. Breaking Reciprocity with Space-Time-Coding Digital Metasurfaces. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1904069. [PMID: 31420926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are artificially engineered ultrathin structures that can finely tailor and control electromagnetic wavefronts. There is currently a strong interest in exploring their capability to lift some fundamental limitations dictated by Lorentz reciprocity, which have strong implications in communication, heat management, and energy harvesting. Time-varying approaches have emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional schemes relying on magnetic or nonlinear materials, but experimental evidence is currently limited to devices such as circulators and antennas. Here, the recently proposed concept of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces is leveraged to break reciprocity. Moreover, it is shown that such nonreciprocal effects can be controlled dynamically. This approach relies on inducing suitable spatiotemporal phase gradients in a programmable way via digital modulation of the metasurface-elements' phase repsonse, which enable anomalous reflections accompanied by frequency conversions. A prototype operating at microwave frequencies is designed and fabricated for proof-of-concept validation. Measured results are in good agreement with theory, hence providing the first experimental evidence of nonreciprocal reflection effects enabled by space-time-modulated digital metasurfaces. The proposed concept and platform set the stage for "on-demand" realization of nonreciprocal effects, in programmable or reconfigurable fashions, which may find several promising applications, including frequency conversion, Doppler frequency illusion, optical isolation, and unidirectional transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao Qing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Rui Wen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Giuseppe Castaldi
- Fields & Waves Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Galdi
- Fields & Waves Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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30
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Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs), when functionalized with proper biorecognition elements (such as antibodies or enzymes), represent a unique platform for real-time, specific, label-free transduction of biochemical signals. However, direct immobilization of biorecognition molecules on FETs imposes limitations on reprogrammability, sensor regeneration, and robust device handling. Here we demonstrate a modularized design of FET biosensors with separate biorecognition and transducer modules, which are capable of reversible assembly and disassembly. In particular, hydrogel "stamps" immobilizing bioreceptors have been chosen to build biorecognition modules to reliably interface with FET transducers structurally and functionally. Successful detection of penicillin down to 0.25 mM has been achieved with a penicillinase-encoded hydrogel module, demonstrating effective signal transduction across the hybrid interface. Moreover, sequential integration of urease- and penicillinase-encoded modules on the same FET device allows us to reprogram the sensing modality without cross-contamination. In addition to independent bioreceptor encoding, the modular design also fosters sophisticated control of sensing kinetics by modulating the physiochemical microenvironment in the biorecognition modules. Specifically, the distinction in hydrogel porosity between polyethylene glycol and gelatin enables controlled access and detection of larger molecules, such as poly-l-lysine (MW 150-300 kDa), only through the gelatin module. Biorecognition modules with standardized interface designs have also been exploited to comply with additive mass fabrication by 3D printing, demonstrating potential for low cost, ease of storage, multiplexing, and great customizability for personalized biosensor production. This generic concept presents a unique integration strategy for modularized bioelectronics and could broadly impact hybrid device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Richard Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Huan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Pu Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Xiaocheng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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31
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Ranjbar M, Sabouri P, Repetto C, Sawant A. A novel deformable lung phantom with programably variable external and internal correlation. Med Phys 2019; 46:1995-2005. [PMID: 30919974 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung motion phantoms used to validate radiotherapy motion management strategies have fairly simplistic designs that do not adequately capture complex phenomena observed in human respiration such as external and internal deformation, variable hysteresis and variable correlation between different parts of the thoracic anatomy. These limitations make reliable evaluation of sophisticated motion management techniques quite challenging. In this work, we present the design and implementation of a programmable, externally and internally deformable lung motion phantom that allows for a reproducible change in external-internal and internal-internal correlation of embedded markers. METHODS An in-house-designed lung module, made from natural latex foam was inserted inside the outer shell of a commercially available lung phantom (RSD, Long Beach, CA, USA). Radiopaque markers were placed on the external surface and embedded into the lung module. Two independently programmable high-precision linear motion actuators were used to generate primarily anterior-posterior (AP) and primarily superior-inferior (SI) motion in a reproducible fashion in order to enable (a) variable correlation between the displacement of interior volume and the exterior surface, (b) independent changes in the amplitude of the AP and SI motions, and (c) variable hysteresis. The ability of the phantom to produce complex and variable motion accurately and reproducibly was evaluated by programming the two actuators with mathematical and patient-recorded lung tumor motion traces, and recording the trajectories of various markers using kV fluoroscopy. As an example application, the phantom was used to evaluate the performance of lung motion models constructed from kV fluoroscopy and 4DCT images. RESULTS The phantom exhibited a high degree of reproducibility and marker motion ranges were reproducible to within 0.5 mm. Variable correlation was observed between the displacements of internal-internal and internal-external markers. The SI and AP components of motion of a specific marker had a correlation parameter that varied from -11 to 17. Monitoring a region of interest on the phantom's surface to estimate internal marker motion led to considerably lower uncertainties than when a single point was monitored. CONCLUSIONS We successfully designed and implemented a programmable, externally and internally deformable lung motion phantom that allows for a reproducible change in external-internal and internal-internal correlation of embedded markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Ranjbar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Pouya Sabouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carlo Repetto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Amit Sawant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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32
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Abstract
Since the advent of its theoretical discovery more than 30 years ago, DNA nanotechnology has been used in a plethora of diverse applications in both the fundamental and applied sciences. The recent prominence of DNA-based technologies in the scientific community is largely due to the programmable features stored in its nucleobase composition and sequence, which allow it to assemble into highly advanced structures. DNA nanoassemblies are also highly controllable due to the precision of natural and artificial base-pairing, which can be manipulated by pH, temperature, metal ions, and solvent types. This programmability and molecular-level control have allowed scientists to create and utilize DNA nanostructures in one, two, and three dimensions (1D, 2D, and 3D). Initially, these 2D and 3D DNA lattices and shapes attracted a broad scientific audience because they are fundamentally captivating and structurally elegant; however, transforming these conceptual architectural blueprints into functional materials is essential for further advancements in the DNA nanotechnology field. Herein, the chemical and biological sensing applications of a 1D DNA self-assembly process known as hybridization chain reaction (HCR) are reviewed. HCR is a one-dimensional (1D) double stranded (ds) DNA assembly process initiated only in the presence of a specific short ssDNA (initiator) and two kinetically trapped DNA hairpin structures. HCR is considered an enzyme-free isothermal amplification process, which shows substantial promise and offers a wide range of applications for in situ chemical and biological sensing. Due to its modular nature, HCR can be programmed to activate only in the presence of highly specific biological and/or chemical stimuli. HCR can also be combined with different types of molecular reporters and detection approaches for various analytical readouts. While the long dsDNA HCR product may not be as structurally attractive as the 2D and 3D DNA networks, HCR is highly instrumental for applied biological, chemical, and environmental sciences, and has therefore been studied to foster a variety of objectives. In this review, we have focused on nucleic acid, protein, metabolite, and heavy metal ion detection using this 1D DNA nanotechnology via fluorescence, electrochemical, and nanoparticle-based methodologies.
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Rousseau BA, Hou Z, Gramelspacher MJ, Zhang Y. Programmable RNA Cleavage and Recognition by a Natural CRISPR-Cas9 System from Neisseria meningitidis. Mol Cell 2018; 69:906-914.e4. [PMID: 29456189 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The microbial CRISPR systems enable adaptive defense against mobile elements and also provide formidable tools for genome engineering. The Cas9 proteins are type II CRISPR-associated, RNA-guided DNA endonucleases that identify double-stranded DNA targets by sequence complementarity and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) recognition. Here we report that the type II-C CRISPR-Cas9 from Neisseria meningitidis (Nme) is capable of programmable, RNA-guided, site-specific cleavage and recognition of single-stranded RNA targets and that this ribonuclease activity is independent of the PAM sequence. We define the mechanistic feature and specificity constraint for RNA cleavage by NmeCas9 and also show that nuclease null dNmeCas9 binds to RNA target complementary to CRISPR RNA. Finally, we demonstrate that NmeCas9-catalyzed RNA cleavage can be blocked by three families of type II-C anti-CRISPR proteins. These results fundamentally expand the targeting capacities of CRISPR-Cas9 and highlight the potential utility of NmeCas9 as a single platform to target both RNA and DNA.
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Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding and cleavage by Cas9 is a hallmark of type II CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immunity. All known Cas9 enzymes are thought to recognize DNA exclusively as a natural substrate, providing protection against DNA phage and plasmids. Here, we show that Cas9 enzymes from both subtypes II-A and II-C can recognize and cleave single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) by an RNA-guided mechanism that is independent of a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target RNA. RNA-guided RNA cleavage is programmable and site-specific, and we find that this activity can be exploited to reduce infection by single-stranded RNA phage in vivo. We also demonstrate that Cas9 can direct PAM-independent repression of gene expression in bacteria. These results indicate that a subset of Cas9 enzymes have the ability to act on both DNA and RNA target sequences, and suggest the potential for use in programmable RNA targeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Strutt
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Rachel M Torrez
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Emine Kaya
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Oscar A Negrete
- Sandia National LaboratoriesBiotechnology and Bioengineering DepartmentLivermoreUnited States
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMarylandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
- Innovative Genomics InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
- MBIB DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
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Waxman AB, McElderry HT, Gomberg-Maitland M, Burke MC, Ross EL, Bersohn MM, Pangarkar SS, Tarver JH, Zwicke DL, Feldman JP, Chakinala MM, Frantz RP, Thompson GB, Torres F, Rauck RL, Clagg K, Durst L, Li P, Morris M, Southall KL, Peterson L, Bourge RC. Totally Implantable IV Treprostinil Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment of the Implantation Procedure. Chest 2017; 152:1128-1134. [PMID: 28583617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostacyclins improve symptoms and survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In response to risks associated with external delivery systems, an implantable IV infusion system was developed. A multicenter, prospective, single-arm, clinical trial (DelIVery for PAH) was conducted to evaluate this system for treprostinil in PAH. This analysis describes the findings related to the implant procedure. METHODS Patients (N = 64) with PAH (World Health Organization group 1) receiving stable IV treprostinil were enrolled. Patients were transitioned to a temporary peripheral IV infusion catheter prior to the procedure. System implantation was performed at 10 centers under general anesthesia or deep IV sedation by clinicians from various specialties. Central venous access was via the cephalic, subclavian, jugular, or axillary vein. Using an introducer and fluoroscopic guidance, the distal tip of the infusion catheter was placed at the superior caval-atrial junction. The catheter was tunneled from the venous access site to an abdominal subcutaneous pocket, where the pump was placed. RESULTS Of the 64 patients enrolled, four exited prior to implantation. All 60 implant procedures were successful. At baseline, all patients were receiving treprostinil via an external pump at a mean dose of 71.4 ± 27.8 ng/kg/min (range: 22-142 ng/kg/min). The implant averaged 102 ± 32 min (range: 47-184 min). Clinically significant implant procedure-related complications included one pneumothorax, two infections, and one episode of atrial fibrillation. There were three postimplantation catheter dislocations in two patients. Common implant-related events that were not complications included implant site pain (83%) and bruising (17%). CONCLUSIONS The procedure for inserting a fully implantable system for treprostinil was successfully performed, with few complications. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01321073; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James H Tarver
- Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Torres
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Richard L Rauck
- Carolinas Pain Institute, Wake Forest University Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Pei Li
- Medtronic, Mounds View, MN
| | | | | | - Leigh Peterson
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Abstract
Plasmonic antennas are building blocks in advanced nano-optical systems due to their ability to tailor optical response based on their geometry. We propose an electrochemical approach to program the optical properties of dipole antennas in a scalable, fast, and energy-efficient manner. These antennas comprise two arms, one serving as an anode and the other a cathode, separated by a solid electrolyte. As a voltage is applied between the antenna arms, a conductive filament either grows or dissolves within the electrolyte, modifying the antenna load. We probe the dynamics of stochastic filament formation and their effects on plasmonic mode programming using a combination of three-dimensional optical and electronic simulations. In particular, we identify device operation regimes in which the charge-transfer plasmon mode can be programmed to be "on" or "off." We also identify, unexpectedly, a strong correlation between DC filament resistance and charge-transfer plasmon mode frequency that is insensitive to the detailed filament morphology. We envision that the scalability of our electrochemical platform can generalize to large-area reconfigurable metamaterials and metasurfaces for on-chip and free-space applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Dong
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Wang L, Li Y, Chen B, Liu S, Li M, Zheng L, Wang P, Lu TJ, Xu F. Patterning Cellular Alignment through Stretching Hydrogels with Programmable Strain Gradients. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:15088-15097. [PMID: 26079936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The graded mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness and stress/strain) of excellular matrix play an important role in guiding cellular alignment, as vital in tissue reconstruction with proper functions. Though various methods have been developed to engineer a graded mechanical environment to study its effect on cellular behaviors, most of them failed to distinguish stiffness effect from stress/strain effect during mechanical loading. Here, we construct a mechanical environment with programmable strain gradients by using a hydrogel of a linear elastic property. When seeding cells on such hydrogels, we demonstrate that the pattern of cellular alignment can be rather precisely tailored by substrate strains. The experiment is in consistency with a theoritical prediction when assuming that focal adhesions (FAs) would drive a cell to reorient to the directions where they are most stable. A fundamental theory has also been developed and is excellent in agreement with the complete temporal alignment of cells. This work not only provides important insights into the cellular response to the local mechanical microenvironment but can also be utilized to engineer patterned cellular alignment that can be critical in tissue remodeling and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Chen
- ∥Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Pengfei Wang
- §Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
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Zabramski JM, Preul MC, Debbins J, McCusker DJ. 3T magnetic resonance imaging testing of externally programmable shunt valves. Surg Neurol Int 2012; 3:81. [PMID: 22937481 PMCID: PMC3424682 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.99171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure of externally programmable shunt-valves (EPS-valves) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may lead to unexpected changes in shunt settings, or affect the ability to reprogram the valve. We undertook this study to examine the effect of exposure to a 3T MRI on a group of widely used EPS-valves. Methods: Evaluations were performed on first generation EPS-valves (those without a locking mechanism to prevent changes in shunt settings by external magnets other than the programmer) and second generation EPS-valves (those with a locking mechanisms). Fifteen new shunt-valves were divided into five groups of three identical valves each, and then exposed to a series of six simulated MRI scans. After each of the exposures, the valves were evaluated to determine if the valve settings had changed, and whether the valves could be reprogrammed. The study produced 18 evaluations for each line of shunt-valves. Results: Exposure of the first generation EPS-valves to a 3T magnetic field resulted in frequent changes in the valve settings; however, all valves retained their ability to be reprogrammed. Repeated exposure of the second generation EPS-valves has no effect on shunt valve settings, and all valves retained their ability to be interrogated and reprogrammed. Conclusions: Second generation EPS-valves with locking mechanisms can be safely exposed to repeated 3T MRI systems, without evidence that shunt settings will change. The exposure of the first generation EPS-valves to 3T MRI results in frequent changes in shunt settings that necessitate re-evaluation soon after MRI to avoid complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Zabramski
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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