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Abudu O, Nguyen D, Millward I, Manning JE, Wahid M, Lightfoot A, Marcon F, Merard R, Margielewska-Davies S, Roberts K, Brown R, Powell-Brett S, Nicol SM, Zayou F, Croft WD, Pearce H, Moss P, Iqbal AJ, McGettrick HM. Interplay in galectin expression predicts patient outcomes in a spatially restricted manner in PDAC. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116283. [PMID: 38377735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins (Gal's) are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are known to support the tumour microenvironment through their immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote metastasis. As such they are attractive therapeutic targets, but little is known about the cellular expression pattern of galectins within the tumour and its neighbouring stromal microenvironment. Here we investigated the cellular expression pattern of Gals within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Galectin gene and protein expression were analysed by scRNAseq (n=4) and immunofluorescence imaging (n=19) in fibroblasts and epithelial cells of pancreatic biopsies from PDAC patients. Galectin surface expression was also assessed on tumour adjacent normal fibroblasts and cancer associated primary fibroblasts from PDAC biopsies using flow cytometry. RESULTS scRNAseq revealed higher Gal-1 expression in fibroblasts and higher Gal-3 and -4 expression in epithelial cells. Both podoplanin (PDPN+, stromal/fibroblast) cells and EpCAM+ epithelial cells expressed Gal-1 protein, with highest expression seen in the stromal compartment. By contrast, significantly more Gal-3 and -4 protein was expressed in ductal cells expressing either EpCAM or PDPN, when compared to the stroma. Ductal Gal-4 cellular expression negatively correlated with ductal Gal-1, but not Gal-3 expression. Higher ductal cellular expression of Gal-1 correlated with smaller tumour size and better patient survival. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the intricate interplay and cell-specific expression patterns of galectins within the PDAC tissue, particularly the inverse correlation between Gal-1 and Gal-4 in ducts and its significant association with patient survival, highlights the complex molecular landscape underlying PDAC and provides valuable insights for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladimeji Abudu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Isabel Millward
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julia E Manning
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mussarat Wahid
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Marcon
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Reena Merard
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | | | - Keith Roberts
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Rachel Brown
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Sarah Powell-Brett
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Samantha M Nicol
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fouzia Zayou
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wayne D Croft
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Liu X, Tan W, Wang W, Feng T, Wang C, Wang L, Zhou W. SEMA4A promotes prostate cancer invasion: involvement of tumor microenvironment. J Cancer 2023; 14:2633-2643. [PMID: 37779872 PMCID: PMC10539395 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4A (SEMA4A) belonged to a family of membrane-bound proteins that were initially recognized as a kind of axon guidance factors in nervous system. It was preferentially expressed on immune cells and has been proven to play a prominent role in immune function and angiogenesis. In this study, we found that SEMA4A was highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and correlated with Gleason scores and distant metastasis. SEMA4A could induce Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells and consequently promote invasion by establishing a positive loop with IL-10 in stromal cells. In vivo experiments showed more dissemination in mice injected with SEMA4A-overexpressing cells in mouse models and both the number and size of lung metastases were significantly increased in SEMA4A-overexpressing tumors. SEMA4A depletion by genetic means prevents lung metastasis in PCa xenograft models. Our data suggest a crucial role of SEMA4A in PCa and blocking SEMA4A-IL-10 axis represents an attractive approach to improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Weiwei Tan
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunni Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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3
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Aydın H, Metin MR, Kızılgöz V. Correlation of Diffusion weighted MR Imaging and ADC values of hepatic metastasis of Gastrointestinal Stromal and Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Curr Med Imaging 2023; 20:CMIR-EPUB-131996. [PMID: 37272460 DOI: 10.2174/1573405620666230522151427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DWI and ADC-mapping was performed to analyze hepatic metastasis of GIST, GEP-NET. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to present hepatic metastasis of GIST and GEP-NET with Diffusion weighted MR imaging(DWI) and the Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) values of masses. METHOD 18 GIST patients and 8 GEP-NET patients were examined retrospectively. 11 males and 6 females were present in GIST group, 7 males to 5 females were involved in GEP-NET group. 18 primary GIST and 10 hepatic metastasis of GIST, 8 original GEP-NET and 19 hepatic metastasis of GEP-NET; total 55 GIST and GEP-NET masses were analysed by ADC mapping. MR images were acquired by 1,5 T MR units (32 mT/min gradient strength- Achieva; Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands and 32 channel GE Signa GE-Wisconsin-USA); by using a 4-8 channel standard phased-array torso XL coil, all images were evaluated by an Abdominal MRI experienced radiologist. DWI was performed in the transverse plane by using spin-echo-planar imaging sequence. RESULT No statistical differences were observed between GIST and GEP-NET patients according to age and gender variations. No significant statistical differences were observed according to the diameters and ADC values of GIST and GEP-NET patients. A significant statistical difference was observed between GIST and GEP-NET groups in terms of size of liver metastasis which was significantly higher in GIST patients. All three groups (GIST_Hep. MET, GEP-NET_Liver_Met and normal) were statistically differed according to ADC values. With the ROC curve analysis: Hepatic metastasis of GIST(n=10) and normal liver (n:47) had cut-off value for ADC: 0.925 under AUC: 0.939 with regard to ADC values and regarded 89.4 % Sensitivity, 100% Specificity, 100% PPV and 66.7% PPV. ROC curve of GEP NET_ Hepatic metastasis (n=19) group and normal liver (n:47) group presented cut-off value for ADC: 0.860 under AUC: 0.967 correlated to ADC values with 93.6 % sensitivity, 89.5% specificity, 95.7% PPV and 85% PPV. CONCLUSION High cellular tumors resulted from liver metastasis of GIST and GEP-NET's, and a positive correlation was observed between ADC values and cellularity/differentiation ratios of metastatic masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aydın
- Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Radiology Ankara Turkey
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4
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Al-janabi MH, Khaddour T, Salloum R. Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a mature ovarian teratoma coexisting with stromal luteoma: the first case report in the literature. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad285. [PMID: 37251253 PMCID: PMC10212668 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature cystic teratomas are the most common ovarian tumors in women of reproductive age. The malignant transformation of mature cystic teratomas is a rare entity. The most common malignant tumor in mature cystic teratomas is squamous cell carcinoma, whereas papillary thyroid carcinoma is an exceptional event. On the other hand, stromal luteoma is an uncommon benign steroid cell tumor of the ovary that occurs mostly in postmenopausal females. The coexistence of different ovarian tumor subtypes is an extremely rare pathological event. In this report, we describe a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratomas coexisting with stromal luteoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in English literature. Both mature cystic teratoma (with papillary thyroid carcinoma) and stromal luteoma are very rare entities. Pathologists should be aware of malignant transformation and exclude it when investigating mature cystic teratomas, especially in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moatasem H Al-janabi
- Correspondence address. Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Tishreen University Hospital, Lattakia, Syria. Tel: 00963992420677; E-mail:
| | - Tariq Khaddour
- Department of Gynecology, Tishreen University Hospital, Lattakia 041, Syria
| | - Rabab Salloum
- Department of Pathology, Tishreen University Hospital, Lattakia 041, Syria
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5
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Greenberg D, D’Cruz R, Lacanlale JL, Rowan CJ, Rosenblum ND. Hedgehog-GLI mediated control of renal formation and malformation. Front Nephrol 2023; 3:1176347. [PMID: 37675356 PMCID: PMC10479618 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1176347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
CAKUT is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children and comprises a broad spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities in kidney and ureter development. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CAKUT have been elucidated in genetic models, predominantly in the mouse, a paradigm for human renal development. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical to normal embryogenesis, including kidney development. Hh signaling mediates the physiological development of the ureter and stroma and has adverse pathophysiological effects on the metanephric mesenchyme, ureteric, and nephrogenic lineages. Further, disruption of Hh signaling is causative of numerous human developmental disorders associated with renal malformation; Pallister-Hall Syndrome (PHS) is characterized by a diverse spectrum of malformations including CAKUT and caused by truncating variants in the middle-third of the Hh signaling effector GLI3. Here, we outline the roles of Hh signaling in regulating murine kidney development, and review human variants in Hh signaling genes in patients with renal malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Greenberg
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert D’Cruz
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jon L. Lacanlale
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Rowan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norman D. Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dimitrova P, Vasileva-Slaveva M, Shivarov V, Hasan I, Yordanov A. Infiltration by Intratumor and Stromal CD8 and CD68 in Cervical Cancer. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59040728. [PMID: 37109686 PMCID: PMC10145282 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role in neoplastic development. Various types of cells can be found in the TME. These cells can be classified into two groups, immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory types, depending on the function they perform in the antitumor immune response (IR). By interacting both with each other and with tumor cells, different immune mechanisms are activated or inhibited, which can suppress or promote the development and progression of cervical cancer (CC). Our aim was to investigate some of the main components of the cellular immune response in TME-tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (Tc, CD8+) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs, CD68+)-in patients with CC. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 72 paraffin-embedded tumor tissues of patients diagnosed and treated at Medical University Pleven, Bulgaria. Patients were classified according to the 2018 FIGO (International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics) classification. From each patient, we selected one histological slide with hematoxylin eosin staining. In a microscopic evaluation, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD68+-positive macrophages were counted in the tumor and stroma of five randomly selected fields at ×40 magnification (HPF). We analyzed the relationship between intratumoral and stromal CD8 and CD68 expression and FIGO stage and N status. Results: There was no significant association between the expression levels of intratumoral and stromal CD68+ cells in the different FIGO stages and according to the lymph nodes' involvement. For CD8+ cells, the association of stromal infiltration was also not found, but T intratumor infiltration was associated with a higher FIGO stage, despite the fact that the results did not reach significance (p = 0.063, Fisher test). Intratumoral CD8+ cells were significantly associated with positive N status, (p = 0.035). Discussion: The separation of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells and tumor-associated macrophages into intratumoral and stromal is inconsequential. In our study, the level of infiltration of CD68+ cells in tumors and stromata was not significantly associated with tumor progression or lymph node involvement. The results were different for CD8+ cells, in which levels of infiltration were associated with lymph nodes' statuses. Conclusions: The separate evaluation of CD68+ immune cells in the TME as intratumoral and stromal is not beneficial for defining prognoses, since the presence of these cells is not associated with the patient's stage. In our study, the presence of CD8+ cells was significantly associated with lymph node metastases. The prognostic value of the obtained results can be enriched with an additional study of the lymphocyte phenotype, including B and other subtypes of T lymphocytes, NK cells, as well as molecules involved in the immune response, such as HLA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Dimitrova
- Department of Pathology, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Mariela Vasileva-Slaveva
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shterev Hospital, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medica University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Research Institute, Medica University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Ihsan Hasan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital "Sofiamed", 1750 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
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7
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Skinner WS, Zhang S, Garcia JR, Guldberg RE, Ong KG. Magnetoelastic Monitoring System for Tracking Growth of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1832. [PMID: 36850431 PMCID: PMC9960728 DOI: 10.3390/s23041832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelastic sensors, which undergo mechanical resonance when interrogated with magnetic fields, can be functionalized to measure various physical quantities and chemical/biological analytes by tracking their resonance behaviors. The unique wireless and functionalizable nature of these sensors makes them good candidates for biological sensing applications, from the detection of specific bacteria to tracking force loading inside the human body. In this study, we evaluate the viability of magnetoelastic sensors based on a commercially available magnetoelastic material (Metglas 2826 MB) for wirelessly monitoring the attachment and growth of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in 2D in vitro cell culture. The results indicate that the changes in sensor resonance are linearly correlated with cell quantity. Experiments using a custom-built monitoring system also demonstrated the ability of this technology to collect temporal profiles of cell growth, which could elucidate key stages of cell proliferation based on acute features in the profile. Additionally, there was no observed change in the morphology of cells after they were subjected to magnetic and mechanical stimuli from the monitoring system, indicating that this method for tracking cell growth may have minimal impact on cell quality and potency.
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Joksimovic M, Ford BA, Lazic T, Soldatovic I, Luzetsky S, Grozdanic S. Antibiotic Recommendations for Treatment of Canine Stromal Corneal Ulcers. Vet Sci 2023; 10. [PMID: 36851370 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the aerobic bacterial isolates and determine corresponding antibiotic susceptibility profiles in vitro in canine clinical specimens with stromal corneal ulcers, with the goal of providing recommendations for first-line treatment with antibiotics. A total of 198 canine corneal stromal ulcer samples were studied between 2018 and 2021. A corneal swab was collected and cultured under aerobic conditions. Bacterial organisms were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for commonly used topical and systemic antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion. Bacterial growth was obtained from 80% of samples. A variety of bacterial species were identified wherein the most common specimens were represented by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Staphylococcus capitis (11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Based on the overall antibiotic susceptibility data, neopolybac alone (96%) or a combination of neopolybac with either ofloxacin or amikacin (each 99%) showed the best coverage for commonly isolated bacterial organisms from canine corneal stromal ulcers. Results of this study support the use of the combined antibiotics as the first-line response for the treatment of canine corneal stromal ulcers. A statically significant increase in acquired bacterial resistance was detected during the longitudinal data observation.
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Zhang R, Singh S, Pan C, Xu B, Kindblom J, Eng KH, Krolewski JJ, Nastiuk KL. Rate of castration-induced prostate stroma regression is reduced in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2023; 11:12-26. [PMID: 36923722 PMCID: PMC10009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-neoplastic proliferative disease producing lower urinary tract symptoms related to the resulting enlarged prostate. BPH is pathologically characterized by hyperplastic growth in both epithelial and stromal compartments. Androgen signaling is essential for prostate function and androgen blockade is the second-line medical therapy to relieve symptoms of BPH. Here we examined the prostates of probasin promoter-driven prolactin (Pb-PRL) transgenic mice, a robust model of BPH that spontaneously develops prostate enlargement, to investigate prostate regression in response to surgical castration. Serial ultrasound imaging demonstrated very uniform self-limited growth of Pb-PRL prostate volume that is consistent with the benign, limited cellular proliferation characteristic of BPH and that contrasts with the highly variable, exponential growth of murine prostate cancer models. Castration elicited only a partial reduction in prostate volume, relative to castration-induced regression of the normal prostate gland. The anti-androgen finasteride induced a diminished reduction of Pb-PRL prostate volume versus castration. The limited extent of Pb-PRL mouse prostate volume regression correlated with the initial volume of the stromal compartment, suggesting a differential sensitivity of the epithelial and stromal compartments to androgen withdrawal. Indeed, two-dimensional morphometric analyses revealed a distinctly reduced rate of regression for the stromal compartment in Pb-PRL mice. The myofibroblast component of the Pb-PRL prostate stroma appeared normal, but the stromal compartment contained more fibroblasts and extracellular collagen deposition. Like normal prostate, the rate of regression of the Pb-PRL prostate was partially dependent on TGFß and TNF signaling, but unlike the normal prostate, the extent of castration-induced regression was not affected by TGFß or TNF blockade. Our studies show that androgen deprivation can effectively reduce the overall volume of hyperplastic prostate, but the stromal compartment is relatively resistant, suggesting additional therapies might be required to offer an effective treatment for the clinical manifestations of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Chunliu Pan
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Jon Kindblom
- Department of Oncology, University of Gothenburg Goteborg 41345, Sweden
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Bristol Myers Squibb Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John J Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Department of Biology and Interdisciplinary Unit, Data Science and Analytics, Buffalo State College, State University of New York New York, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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10
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Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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11
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Al Shenawi H, Al-Shaibani SA, Al Saad SK, Al-Sindi F, Al-Sindi K, Al Shenawi N, Naguib Y, Yaghan R. An extremely rare case of malignant jejunal mesenteric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a 61-year-old male patient: A case report and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1042262. [PMID: 36425100 PMCID: PMC9679529 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1042262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A mesenteric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare solid tumor of intermediate malignant potential that affects children, adolescents, and young adults predominantly. IMT is mostly encountered in the lung. We report a case of malignant jejunal mesenteric IMT in a 61-year-old male patient who presented with vague abdominal pain and generalized weakness. CT scan revealed a mesenteric mass displacing the attached jejunum. Surgical resection was curative. Discussion An extensive literature review was performed to update and further analyze the already available data. A total of 35 cases with mesenteric IMT were reported previously. Only five cases of jejunal mesenteric IMT were reported. Mesenteric IMT demands vast effort to reveal the diagnosis due to its vagueness in the clinical presentation. Mesenteric IMT resembles each other in plenty of pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of malignant jejunal mesenteric IMT in the elderly. Surgical resection was curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Al Shenawi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Suhair K. Al Saad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Fedaa Al-Sindi
- Department of Pathology, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Khalid Al-Sindi
- Department of Pathology, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Noor Al Shenawi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Yahya Naguib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Rami Yaghan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Korsunsky I, Wei K, Pohin M, Kim EY, Barone F, Major T, Taylor E, Ravindran R, Kemble S, Watts GFM, Jonsson AH, Jeong Y, Athar H, Windell D, Kang JB, Friedrich M, Turner J, Nayar S, Fisher BA, Raza K, Marshall JL, Croft AP, Tamura T, Sholl LM, Vivero M, Rosas IO, Bowman SJ, Coles M, Frei AP, Lassen K, Filer A, Powrie F, Buckley CD, Brenner MB, Raychaudhuri S. Cross-tissue, single-cell stromal atlas identifies shared pathological fibroblast phenotypes in four chronic inflammatory diseases. Med 2022; 3:481-518.e14. [PMID: 35649411 PMCID: PMC9271637 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory fibroblasts are critical for pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial lung disease, and Sjögren's syndrome and represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory disease. However, the heterogeneity of fibroblast phenotypes, exacerbated by the lack of a common cross-tissue taxonomy, has limited our understanding of which pathways are shared by multiple diseases. METHODS We profiled fibroblasts derived from inflamed and non-inflamed synovium, intestine, lungs, and salivary glands from affected individuals with single-cell RNA sequencing. We integrated all fibroblasts into a multi-tissue atlas to characterize shared and tissue-specific phenotypes. FINDINGS Two shared clusters, CXCL10+CCL19+ immune-interacting and SPARC+COL3A1+ vascular-interacting fibroblasts, were expanded in all inflamed tissues and mapped to dermal analogs in a public atopic dermatitis atlas. We confirmed these human pro-inflammatory fibroblasts in animal models of lung, joint, and intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This work represents a thorough investigation into fibroblasts across organ systems, individual donors, and disease states that reveals shared pathogenic activation states across four chronic inflammatory diseases. FUNDING Grant from F. Hoffmann-La Roche (Roche) AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Korsunsky
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mathilde Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Triin Major
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emily Taylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rahul Ravindran
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunju Jeong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Humra Athar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Windell
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Joyce B Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jason Turner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Tomoyoshi Tamura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Vivero
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Kara Lassen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; Birmingham Tissue Analytics, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M14 9PR UK.
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Tseng PY, Hoon MA. Interactions of the Neuro‒Immune‒ Stromal Triad in Itch. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:42-46. [PMID: 34662564 PMCID: PMC8688333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms involved in itch signaling in the skin and how these new findings fit into the wider picture of the expression of itch mediators and their receptors in the dermal layer. Because at present studies mostly concentrate on single cellular compartments (e.g., neural alone), we suggest that they may miss important interactions with other compartments. Therefore, to fully appreciate pruritus, we propose that studies should consider (e.g., using transcriptomic information) signal transmission within the entire neuro‒immune‒stromal triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A. Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed,
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Xiao S, Liu X, Yuan L, Wang F. A Ferroptosis-Related lncRNAs Signature Predicts Prognosis and Therapeutic Response of Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736682. [PMID: 34926441 PMCID: PMC8674955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating literature demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in ferroptosis and gastric cancer progression. However, the predictive value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and therapeutic response is yet to be elucidated in gastric cancer (GC). Method: The transcriptomic data and corresponding clinical information of GC patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The association between ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and ferroptosis regulators was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Then, we established a risk predictive model based on the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we performed correlation analysis for the risk score and characteristics of biological processes, immune landscape, stromal activity, genomic integrity, drug response, and immunotherapy efficacy. Results: We constructed a 17-ferroptosis-related-lncRNA signature via multivariate Cox analysis to divide patients into two groups: low- and high-risk groups. The low-risk group was linked to prolonged overall survival and relapse-free survival. The risk score had good predictive ability to predict the prognosis of GC patients compared with other clinical biomarkers. We found that the high-risk group was associated with activation of carcinogenetic signaling pathways, including stromal activation, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) activation, and immune escape through integrated bioinformatics analysis. In contrast, the low-risk group was associated with DNA replication, immune-flamed state, and genomic instability. Additionally, through Spearman correlation analysis, we found that patients in the high-risk group may respond well to drugs targeting cytoskeleton, WNT signaling, and PI3K/mTOR signaling, and drugs targeting chromatin histone acetylation, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation could bring more benefits for the low-risk group. The high-risk group was associated with poor immunotherapy efficacy. Conclusion: Our study systematically evaluated the role of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in t tumor microenvironment, therapeutic response, and prognosis of GC. Risk score-based stratification could reflect the characteristic of biological processes, immune landscape, stromal activity, genomic stability, and pharmaceutical profile in GC patients. The ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature could serve as a reliable biomarker to predict prognosis and therapeutic response of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Lingzhi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
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15
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Zhao H, Zhang X, Guo L, Shi S, Lu C. A Robust Seven-Gene Signature Associated With Tumor Microenvironment to Predict Survival Outcomes of Patients With Stage III-IV Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:684281. [PMID: 34552612 PMCID: PMC8450538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.684281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the relatively insidious early symptoms of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), most LUAD patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and lose the best chance of surgical resection. Mounting evidence suggested that the tumor microenvironment (TME) was highly correlated with tumor occurrence, progress, and prognosis. However, TME in advanced LUAD remained to be studied and reliable prognostic signatures based on TME in advanced LUAD also had not been well-established. This study aimed to understand the cell composition and function of TME and construct a gene signature associated with TME in advanced LUAD. Methods The immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores of each sample from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were, respectively, calculated using an ESTIMATE algorithm. The LASSO and Cox regression model were applied to select prognostic genes and to construct a gene signature associated with TME. Two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used for external validation. Twenty-two subsets of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (Tiics) were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results Favorable overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were found in patients with high immune score (p = 0.048 and p = 0.028; respectively) and stromal score (p = 0.024 and p = 0.025; respectively). Based on the immune and stromal scores, 453 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Using the LASSO and Cox regression model, a seven-gene signature containing AFAP1L2, CAMK1D, LOXL2, PIK3CG, PLEKHG1, RARRES2, and SPP1 was identified to construct a risk stratification model. The OS and PFS of the high-risk group were significantly worse than that of the low-risk group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001; respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the good potency of the seven-gene signature. Similar findings were validated in two independent cohorts. In addition, the proportion of macrophages M2 and Tregs was higher in high-risk patients (p = 0.041 and p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion Our study established and validated a seven-gene signature associated with TME, which might serve as a prognosis stratification tool to predict survival outcomes of advanced LUAD patients. In addition, macrophages M2 polarization may lead to worse prognosis in patients with advanced LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songhe Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Yazdani N, Ehsaei A, Hoseini-Yazdi H, Shoeibi N, Alonso-Caneiro D, Collins MJ. Wide-field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:1308-1319. [PMID: 34487376 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study regional variations in choroidal thickness (CT), luminal thickness and stromal thickness of the choroid, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in low myopic and emmetropic eyes using wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS Sixty-nine healthy young adults between 20 and 38 years of age participated in this study, including 40 low myopes (mean ± SD spherical equivalent (MSE) refractive error: -3.00 ± 1.39 D, range: -6.00 to -0.62 D) and 29 emmetropes (MSE: -0.05 ± 0.09 D, range: -0.25 to +0.12 D). Wide-field CT, luminal thickness, stromal thickness and CVI were measured across five eccentricities (fovea, parafovea, perifovea; near-periphery and periphery) and four quadrants (nasal, temporal, inferior and superior), in vertical and horizontal meridians, while controlling for a range of extraneous factors potentially influencing the CT. Custom-written software was used to segment and binarize the OCT images. RESULTS Wide-field CT, luminal thickness and stromal thickness, averaged across all participants, exhibited significant topographical variation, with the foveal (379 ± 8 µm, 200 ± 4 µm, 179 ± 4 µm, respectively) and peripheral (275 ± 8 µm, 161 ± 4 µm, 114 ± 4 µm, respectively) regions presenting the thickest and thinnest regions (all p < 0.001). Wide-field CVI showed a progressively higher percentage (greater vascularity) with increasing eccentricity from the fovea towards the periphery (p < 0.001). Macular CT and stromal choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in myopes compared to emmetropes (p < 0.05). Myopes (55.7 ± 0.3%) showed a slightly higher CVI compared with emmetropes (54.4 ± 0.4%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low myopia in young adults was associated with significant choroidal thinning across the macular, but not extramacular regions, with this decrease in choroidal thickness mostly attributed to thinning in the stromal component of the choroid, rather than the luminal (vascular) component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negareh Yazdani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asieh Ehsaei
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Hoseini-Yazdi
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nasser Shoeibi
- Eye Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Collins
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhang M, Zeng L, Peng Y, Fan B, Chen P, Liu J. Immune-related genes LAMA2 and IL1R1 correlate with tumor sites and predict poor survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3061-3076. [PMID: 34156282 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the immune- and locus-associated genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and evaluate their value in prognosis. Methods: The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stromal and immune scores were calculated with the estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression data algorithm. The authors screened the differentially expressed genes to generate immune- and stromal-related differentially expressed genes. Next, the authors conducted weighted correlation network analysis to find the gene sets related to tumor sites. Results: IL1R1 and LAMA2 were identified as the site- and immune-related genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and their high expression in pancreatic head cancer exhibited high immune scores and predicted unfavorable prognosis. Conclusion: The authors identified IL1R1 and LAMA2 as immune- and locus-associated genes, and their high expression predicted a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - PengFei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Ma Q, Chen Y, Xiao F, Hao Y, Song Z, Zhang J, Okuda K, Um SW, Silva M, Shimada Y, Si C, Liang C. A signature of estimate- stromal-immune score-based genes associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1484-1500. [PMID: 33889524 PMCID: PMC8044489 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune and stromal component evaluation is necessary to establish accurate prognostic markers for the prediction of clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We aimed to develop a gene signature based on the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE)-stromal-immune score in LUAD. Methods The transcriptomic profiles of patients with LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the immune and stromal scores were derived using the ESTIMATE algorithm. The prognostic signature genes were selected from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the robust partial likelihood-based cox proportional hazards regression method. The negative log-likelihood and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were used to identify the optimal gene signature. The validation was carried out in 2 independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE68571 and GSE72094). Results Patients with high ESTIMATE, stromal, and immune scores had better overall survivals (P=0.0035, P=0.066, and P=0.0077). The expression of thirty-seven genes was related to ESTIMATE-stromal-immune score. A risk stratification model was developed based on a gene signature containing CD74, JCHAIN, and PTGDS. The ESTIMATE-stromal-immune risk score was revealed to be a prognostic factor (P=0.009) after multivariate analysis. Four groups were classified based on this risk stratification model, yielding increasing survival outcomes (log-rank test, P=0.0051). This risk stratification model and other clinicopathological factors were combined to generate a nomogram. The calibration curves showed perfect agreement between the nomogram-predicted outcomes and those actually observed. Similar observations were made in 2 independent cohorts. Conclusions The gene signature based on the ESTIMATE-stromal-immune score could predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sang-Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mario Silva
- Section of Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Yoshihisa Shimada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chaozeng Si
- Department of Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Zhao H, Zhang X, Shi Z, Guo B, Zhang W, He K, Hu X, Shi S. Identification of a Prognostic Signature Model with Tumor Microenvironment for predicting Disease-free Survival after Radical Prostatectomy. J Cancer 2021; 12:2371-2384. [PMID: 33758613 PMCID: PMC7974886 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to promote active immune responses through different mechanisms. We attempted to identify the important prognostic genes and prognostic characteristics related to TME in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: The gene transcriptome profiles and clinical information of PCa patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the immune and stromal scores were calculated by the ESTIMATE algorithm. We evaluated the prognostic value of the risk score (RS) model based on univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) Cox regression analysis and established a nomogram to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in PCa patients. The GSE70768 dataset was utilized for external validation. Twenty-two subsets of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results: In this study, the patients with higher immune/stromal scores were associated with a worse DFS, higher Gleason score, and higher pathological T stage. Based on the immune and stromal scores, 515 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The univariate Cox and LASSO Cox regression models were employed to select 18 DEGs from 515 DEGs and construct an RS model. The DFS of the high-RS group was significantly lower than that of the low-RS group (P<0.001). The AUCs for the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year DFS rates in the RS model were 0.890, 0.877 and 0.841, respectively. A nomogram of DFS was established based on the RS and Gleason score, and the AUCs for the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year DFS rates in the nomogram were 0.907, 0.893, and 0.872, respectively. These results were further validated in the GSE70768 dataset. In addition, the proportion of Tregs was determined to be higher in high-RS patients (P<0.05), and the expression levels of five immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3 and TIGIT) were observed to be higher in high-RS patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study established and validated an 18-gene prognostic signature model associated with TME, which might serve as a prognosis stratification tool to predict DFS in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Medicine, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Bingxin Guo
- Department of Urology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueqi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Songhe Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Wang Y, Guo S, Chen Z, Bai B, Wang S, Gao Y. Re-Clustering and Profiling of Digestive System Tumors According to Microenvironment Components. Front Oncol 2021; 10:607742. [PMID: 33643909 PMCID: PMC7902780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has become the most promising therapy in digestive system tumors besides conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. But only a few patients can benefit from different types of immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To identify these ICB-susceptible patients, methods are urgently needed to screen and profile subgroups of patients with different responsiveness to ICB. Methods This study carried out analysis on patients with digestive system tumors that were obtained from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. The analyses were mainly performed using GraphPad Prism 7 and R language. Results We have quantified the microenvironmental components of eight digestive system tumor patients in TCGA cohorts and evaluated their clinical value. We re-clustered patients based on their microenvironment composition and divided these patients into six clusters. The differences between these six clusters were profiled, including survival conditions, enriched biological processes, genomic mutations, and microenvironment traits. Cluster 3 was the most immune-related cluster, exhibiting a high infiltration of non-tumor components and poor survival status, along with an inhibitory immune status, and we found that patients with high stromal score indicated a poor response in ICB cohort. Conclusions Our research provides a new strategy based on the microenvironment components for the reclassification of digestive system tumors, which could provide guidance for prognosis judgment and treatment response prediction like ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Yaxian Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
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Chaney HL, Grose LF, Charpigny G, Behura SK, Sheldon IM, Cronin JG, Lonergan P, Spencer TE, Mathew DJ. Conceptus-induced, interferon tau-dependent gene expression in bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:669-683. [PMID: 33330929 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine endometrium consists of epithelial and stromal cells that respond to conceptus interferon tau (IFNT), the maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) signal, by increasing expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Endometrial epithelial and stromal-cell-specific ISGs are largely unknown but hypothesized to have essential functions during pregnancy establishment. Bovine endometrial epithelial cells were cultured in inserts above stromal fibroblast (SF) cells for 6 h in medium alone or with IFNT. The epithelial and SF transcriptomic response was analyzed separately using RNA sequencing and compared to a list of 369 DEGs recently identified in intact bovine endometrium in response to elongating bovine conceptuses and IFNT. Bovine endometrial epithelial and SF shared 223 and 70 DEGs in common with the list of 369 endometrial DEGs. Well-known ISGs identified in the epithelial and SF were ISG15, MX1, MX2, and OAS2. DEGs identified in the epithelial but not SF included a number of IRF molecules (IRF1, IRF2, IRF3, and IRF8), mitochondria SLC transporters (SLC25A19, SLC25A28, and SLC25A30), and a ghrelin receptor. Expression of ZC3HAV1, an anti-retroviral gene, increased specifically within the SF. Gene ontology analysis identified the type I IFN signaling pathway and activation of nuclear factor kappa B transcription factors as biological processes associated with the epithelial cell DEGs. This study has identified biologically relevant IFNT-stimulated genes within specific endometrial cell types. The findings provide critical information regarding the effects of conceptus IFNT on specific endometrial compartments during early developmental processes in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Chaney
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Lindsay F Grose
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- INRA, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Daniel J Mathew
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Gong Q, Wan Q, Li A, Yu Y, Ding X, Lin L, Qi X, Hu L. Development and validation of an immune and stromal prognostic signature in uveal melanoma to guide clinical therapy. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12:20254-20267. [PMID: 33100273 PMCID: PMC7655180 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is known to play an important role in uveal melanoma. Reliable prognostic signatures are needed to aid high risk patients and improve prognosis. Uveal melanoma tissues from three public datasets were analyzed. RNA sequence data of uveal melanoma and corresponding clinical features were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immune and stromal scores were calculated by applying the "ESTIMATE" algorithm. The samples were divided into high and low immune or stromal score groups. We constructed prognostic models by using the 'lasso' package and tested them for 500 iterations. The cell signature was validated in another GSE44295 and GSE84976 datasets. We found that the median survival time of the low immune/stromal score group is longer than that of the high-score group. Thirteen immune cells and one stromal cell were concerned significant in predicting poor overall survival rate. Finally, a four-cell model was identified. Further validation revealed that the low-risk group has a significantly better survival than the high-risk group in another two datasets (P < 0.05). Moreover, the high-risk group is more sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Summarizing, the proposed immune cells signature is a promising biomarker for estimating overall survival in uveal melanoma.
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Jiang S, Zhang J, Bian J, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhao H, Sang X, Lu X. Novel nomograms based on immune and stromal scores for predicting the disease-free and overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radical surgery. J Surg Oncol 2020; 122:1569-1579. [PMID: 32885449 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal and immune cells play important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. However, tools for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC based on stromal and immune scores are not well established. We aimed to develop nomograms that predicted the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients after radical surgery. METHODS Basic information of 251 patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Multivariate Cox analyses identified variables predicting the prognosis of patients. DFS and OS nomograms were constructed based on the stromal and immune scores of the training group and verified in the well-matched test group. RESULTS An intermediate stromal score (hazards ratio [HR] = 3.177; P < .001] was an independent risk factor for DFS. An intermediate immune score independently predicted a longer DFS (HR = 0.323; P = .002) and OS (HR = 0.305; P = .021); a high immune score predicted a longer DFS (HR = 0.289; P = .002). The concordance index (C-index) of nomograms was 0.729 for DFS and 0.696 for OS in the test group. CONCLUSION Nomograms based on the stromal and immune scores favorably predicted the DFS and OS of patients with HCC after radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Crowell PD, Giafaglione JM, Hashimoto T, Goldstein AS. Distinct cell-types in the prostate share an aging signature suggestive of metabolic reprogramming. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2020; 8:140-151. [PMID: 32929410 PMCID: PMC7486537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Age is a significant risk factor for disease of the prostate. However, the mechanisms by which age increases disease risk have not been well described. We previously reported age-related changes within the inflammatory and luminal compartments of the mouse prostate. Old mouse prostates exhibit an expansion of the population of Trop2+ luminal progenitor cells and a reduction in the frequency and functional capacity of Trop2- luminal cells, indicating that different cell-types have distinct responses to aging. Whether distinct cell-types in the prostate share a common signature of aging has not been established. We transcriptionally profiled four distinct cell-types in young adult and old mouse prostates: stromal, basal, Trop2+ luminal progenitor and Trop2- luminal cells. Motif analysis of genes upregulated in old prostate cell-types pointed to transcriptional regulators of inflammatory and hypoxia-related signaling. Glutathione metabolism and the antioxidant response emerged as a common signature of aging across prostatic lineages. Expression of genes implicated in mouse prostate aging, including the antioxidant response gene Hmox1, correlates with age of diagnosis in primary prostate tumors from the TCGA cohort. These findings reveal a common signature shared by distinct cell-types in the old prostate reflective of age-associated metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston D Crowell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenna M Giafaglione
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takao Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wosczyna MN, Konishi CT, Perez Carbajal EE, Wang TT, Walsh RA, Gan Q, Wagner MW, Rando TA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Required for Regeneration and Homeostatic Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2029-2035.e5. [PMID: 31091443 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity of mesenchymal stromal cells, called fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs), in skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance remains unestablished. We report the generation of a PDGFRαCreER knockin mouse model that provides a specific means of labeling and targeting FAPs. Depletion of FAPs using Cre-dependent diphtheria toxin expression results in loss of expansion of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and CD45+ hematopoietic cells after injury and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Furthermore, FAP-depleted mice under homeostatic conditions exhibit muscle atrophy and loss of MuSCs, revealing that FAPs are required for the maintenance of both skeletal muscle and the MuSC pool. We also report that local tamoxifen metabolite delivery to target CreER activity in a single muscle, removing potentially confounding systemic effects of ablating PDGFRα+ cells distantly, also causes muscle atrophy. These data establish a critical role of FAPs in skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Wosczyna
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Colin T Konishi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edgar E Perez Carbajal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodore T Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel A Walsh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiang Gan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark W Wagner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Owen A, Newsome PN. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, a New Player in Reducing Complications From Liver Transplantation? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1306. [PMID: 32636850 PMCID: PMC7318292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the global burden of liver disease there has been a commensurate increase in the demand for liver transplantation. However, due to a paucity of donor organs many centers have moved toward the routine use of marginal allografts, which can be associated with a greater risk of complications and poorer clinical outcomes. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a multi-potent progenitor cell population that have been utilized to modulate aberrant immune responses in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. MSC exert an immunomodulatory effect on innate and adaptive immune systems through the release of both paracrine soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. Through these routes MSC can switch the regulatory function of the immune system through effects on macrophages and T regulatory cells enabling a switch of phenotype from injury to restoration. A key benefit seems to be their ability to tailor their response to the inflammatory environment without compromising the host ability to fight infection. With over 200 clinical trials registered to examine MSC therapy in liver disease and an increasing number of trials of MSC therapy in solid organ transplant recipients, there is increasing consideration for their use in liver transplantation. In this review we critically appraise the potential role of MSC therapy in the context of liver transplantation, including their ability to modulate reperfusion injury, their role in the reduction of medium term complications in the biliary tree and their potential to enhance tolerance in transplanted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Wang H, Wu X, Chen Y. Stromal-Immune Score-Based Gene Signature: A Prognosis Stratification Tool in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1212. [PMID: 31781506 PMCID: PMC6861210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing amount of evidence has suggested the clinical importance of stromal and immune cells in the gastric cancer microenvironment. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on assessments of stromal and immune components have not been well-established. This study aimed to develop a stromal-immune score-based gene signature in gastric cancer. Methods: Stromal and immune scores were estimated from transcriptomic profiles of a gastric cancer cohort from TCGA using the ESTIMATE algorithm. A robust partial likelihood-based Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to select prognostic genes and to construct a stromal-immune score-based gene signature. Two independent datasets from GEO were used for external validation. Results: Favorable overall survivals were found in patients with high stromal score (p = 0.014) and immune score (p = 0.045). Forty-five stromal-immune score-related differentially expressed genes were identified. Using a robust partial likelihood-based Cox proportional hazard regression model, a gene signature containing SOX9, LRRC32, CECR1, and MS4A4A was identified to develop a risk stratification model. Multivariate analysis revealed that the stromal-immune risk score was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.018). Based on the risk stratification model, the cohort was classified into three groups yielding incremental survival outcomes (log-rank test p = 0.0004). A nomogram integrating the risk stratification model and clinicopathologic factors was developed. Calibration and decision curves showed a better performance and net benefits for the nomogram. Similar findings were validated in two independent cohorts. Conclusion: The stromal-immune score-based gene signature represents a prognosis stratification tool in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Dienstmann R, Villacampa G, Sveen A, Mason MJ, Niedzwiecki D, Nesbakken A, Moreno V, Warren RS, Lothe RA, Guinney J. Relative contribution of clinicopathological variables, genomic markers, transcriptomic subtyping and microenvironment features for outcome prediction in stage II/III colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1622-1629. [PMID: 31504112 PMCID: PMC6857614 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown to what extent consensus molecular subtype (CMS) groups and immune-stromal infiltration patterns improve our ability to predict outcomes over tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging and microsatellite instability (MSI) status in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a comprehensive retrospective biomarker analysis of prognostic markers in adjuvant chemotherapy-untreated (N = 1656) and treated (N = 980), stage II (N = 1799) and III (N = 837) CRCs. We defined CMS scores and estimated CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CytoLym) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) infiltration scores from bulk tumor tissue transcriptomes (CMSclassifier and MCPcounter R packages); constructed a stratified multivariable Cox model for disease-free survival (DFS); and calculated the relative proportion of explained variation by each marker (clinicopathological [ClinPath], genomics [Gen: MSI, BRAF and KRAS mutations], CMS scores [CMS] and microenvironment cells [MicroCells: CytoLym+CAF]). RESULTS In multivariable models, only ClinPath and MicroCells remained significant prognostic factors, with both CytoLym and CAF infiltration scores improving survival prediction beyond other markers. The explained variation for DFS models of ClinPath, MicroCells, Gen markers and CMS4 scores was 77%, 14%, 5.3% and 3.7%, respectively, in stage II; and 55.9%, 35.1%, 4.1% and 0.9%, respectively, in stage III. Patients whose tumors were CytoLym high/CAF low had better DFS than other strata [HR=0.71 (0.6-0.9); P = 0.004]. Microsatellite stable tumors had the strongest signal for improved outcomes with CytoLym high scores (interaction P = 0.04) and the poor prognosis linked to high CAF scores was limited to stage III disease (interaction P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that tumor microenvironment infiltration patterns represent potent determinants of the risk for distant dissemination in early-stage CRC. Multivariable models suggest that the prognostic value of MSI and CMS groups is largely explained by CytoLym and CAF infiltration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dienstmann
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; Computational Oncology Group, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA.
| | - G Villacampa
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M J Mason
- Computational Oncology Group, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
| | - D Niedzwiecki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A Nesbakken
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program of IDIBELL, CIBERESP, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R S Warren
- Department of Surgery, The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - R A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Guinney
- Computational Oncology Group, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
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Milgrom DP, Sehdev A, Kays JK, Koniaris LG. Integrating therapies for surgical adult soft tissue sarcoma patients. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:88. [PMID: 30603724 PMCID: PMC6286915 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are an uncommon group of over 50 different individual histological malignancies arising from mesenchymal (non-epithelial or connective) tissues. Overall, they constitute 1% of human malignancies with an annual incidence rate of fewer than 5 patients per million. Sarcoma may arise from any mesenchymal cell lineages including fat, muscle, or other connective tissues. Due to the rarity of these groups of malignancies, many subtypes were, and still today, are managed as a single entity. This review focused on soft tissue sarcomas with an emphasis on how to integrate therapies for patients with this rare disorder. The role for surgical resection in cure and palliation as well as the relative benefits of adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Milgrom
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amikar Sehdev
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua K. Kays
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Apostolou KG, Schizas D, Vavouraki E, Michalinos A, Tsilimigras DI, Garmpis N, Damaskos C, Papalampros A, Liakakos T. Clinicopathological and Molecular Factors, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcomes and Risk of Recurrence in Mesenteric and Retroperitoneal Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:1903-1909. [PMID: 29599305 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The objective of the present study was to determine the clinicopathological factors and treatment outcomes of patients suffering from mesenteric or retroperitoneal extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A detailed search in PubMed, using the key words "extragastrointestinal stromal tumors" and "EGIST", found eight studies fulfilling the criteria of this study. RESULTS Thirty-six patients with a mesenteric and 24 patients with a retroperitoneal EGIST were analyzed, with a follow-up period ranging from 2 to 192 months. Retroperitoneal tumors presented as larger tumors than mesenteric ones, with 95% and 93% immunohistochemical positivity for CD117 antigen, respectively. Surgical resection was performed in 91% of cases, with 57% of patients with mesenteric and 70% of patients with retroperitoneal EGISTs being alive at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION EGISTs most commonly are of considerable size and usually with a high mitotic count, rendering them high-risk tumors. Tumor necrosis, nuclear atypia, tumor histology, and mutations in the tyrosine kinase KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) gene, seem to influence tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos G Apostolou
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Vavouraki
- Nephrology Unit, Alexandra General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantios Michalinos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papalampros
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Liakakos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Koh YQ, Mitchell MD, Almughlliq FB, Vaswani K, Peiris HN. Regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in bovine endometrial cells: effects of lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13676. [PMID: 29707922 PMCID: PMC5925570 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal uterine environment can influence maternal-fetal communication, conception rate and disrupt normal embryo development, thereby affecting fertility and the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Animal variability means that development of endometrial cell lines with appropriate characteristic are required. We evaluated the effect of an infectious agent (i.e., bacterial lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and proinflammatory mediators (i.e., Interleukin 1 beta; IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) on inflammatory mediator gene expression and production by bovine endometrial epithelial (bEEL) and stromal (bCSC) cell lines. Expression of CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine genes was significantly upregulated in both epithelial and stromal cells when treated with LPS and IL-1β. LPS treatment of epithelial cells (compared with treatment by IL-1β and TNFα) exhibited greater CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine gene expression. Whereas, in stromal cells, IL-1β treatment (compared with LPS and TNFα) exhibited greater CXCL8/IL8, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, bEEL and bCSC cells treated with IL-1β increased IL1B gene expression, suggesting that IL-1β may act unusually in an autocrine-positive feedback loop. Cytokine production was stimulated by these agents in both cell types. We suggest that the characteristics of these two cell lines make them excellent tools for the study of intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fatema B. Almughlliq
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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James-Allan LB, Whitley GS, Leslie K, Wallace AE, Cartwright JE. Decidual cell regulation of trophoblast is altered in pregnancies at risk of pre-eclampsia. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:239-246. [PMID: 29437882 PMCID: PMC5854865 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Successful implantation and placentation are dependent on the interaction between decidual stromal cells (DSC) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. The extent of trophoblast invasion relies on communication between the placenta and maternal decidua. The cyclical process of decidualisation induces a transformation of endometrial fibroblasts to secretory DSC; these secreted products have many functions including the control of trophoblast invasion. Inadequate trophoblast invasion and remodelling of the uterine vessels (the spiral arteries) are associated with pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia. Uterine artery Doppler resistance index (RI) in the first trimester of pregnancy can be used as a proxy measure of remodelling. DSC were isolated from pregnancies with normal (normal RI) or impaired (high RI) spiral artery remodelling. Following isolation, DSC were re-decidualised using cAMP and MPA and secretion of the decidualisation markers IGFBP-1 and prolactin assessed. We examined the impact of DSC-secreted factors on trophoblast cell function, using the EVT cell line SGHPL-4. We demonstrated that DSC exposed to decidual factors were able to re-decidualise in vitro and that the chemoattraction of trophoblasts by DSC is impaired in pregnancies with high RI. This study provides new insights into the role that DSC play in regulating EVT functions during the first trimester of pregnancy. This is the first study to demonstrate that DSC from pregnancies with impaired vascular remodelling in the first trimester secrete factors that inhibit the directional movement of trophoblast cells. This finding may be important in understanding aberrant trophoblast invasion in pregnancies where vascular remodelling is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B James-Allan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - G S Whitley
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - K Leslie
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's, University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt. George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - A E Wallace
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - J E Cartwright
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Purwada A, Shah SB, Beguelin W, Melnick AM, Singh A. Modular Immune Organoids with Integrin Ligand Specificity Differentially Regulate Ex Vivo B Cell Activation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:214-225. [PMID: 33450794 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers are dynamic structures within lymphoid tissues, which develop once B cells receive activating signals from surrounding immune cells. Germinal center B cells are small in number, heterogeneous, and prone to rapid apoptosis unless selected by the body to form memory B cells. Despite extensive research in the B cell differentiation process, the role of the lymphoid niche, in particular integrin ligands, in the development of early germinal center-like phenotype remains unclear. Here, we report a biomaterials-based modular immune organoid that enables development of early germinal-center phenotype in an integrin ligand-specific manner. We demonstrate the differential role of integrin α4β1- and αvβ3-binding ligands in the induction of GL7+ (GC-like) and GL7- (non-GC-like) phenotype in differentiating B cells while in the presence of CD40 ligand and interleukin-4. We further demonstrate the role of integrin ligand specificities in clustering of β3 integrin and B cell receptor on the surface of differentiated B cells in 3D organoids as compared to the classic 2D cocultures. The study demonstrates that biomaterials-based immune organoids represent an ex vivo platform technology, which recapitulates certain aspects of GC biology to understand the process of B cell differentiation and induction of immunological responses. This platform is particularly useful in understanding the role of selective biomolecular signals and the temporal dependency of immune responses to these signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Purwada
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Shivem B Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Wendy Beguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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Harichandan A, Sivasubramaniyan K, Hennenlotter J, Poths S, Bedke J, Kruck S, Stenzl A, Bühring HJ. Molecular Signatures of Primary Human Spermatogonial Progenitors and Its Neighboring Peritubular Stromal Compartment. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:263-273. [PMID: 27821019 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of human spermatogenesis requires studying specific molecular signatures and interactions of spermatogonia with other testicular cell populations, for which isolation of pure populations of different cell types is crucial. Here, we describe a technique to simultaneously enrich pure, multiple testicular cell populations, including spermatogonia, endothelial (TECs), and perivascular mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (TMSCs), from testicular tissue by flow cytometry using a combination of defined markers. Immunohistochemical studies, multicolor staining, and cell sorting followed by multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that spermatogonia were highly enriched in the CD49f+CD49a-HLA-ABC-SSEA-4+ fraction of primary testicular cells. In contrast to spermatogonia, TMSCs and TECs were highly enriched in the CD49f+CD49a+HLA-ABC+CD144- and CD49f+CD49a+HLA-ABC+CD144+subsets, respectively. The delineation was confirmed by the expression of specific stromal and endothelial key markers as well as by the differentiation and angiogenic capacity of the sorted populations. In this article, for the first time, we performed transcriptome profiling of highly enriched, freshly isolated human spermatogonia and compared their expression profile with that of TMSCs. Our RNA sequencing data favor the hypothesis that TMSCs are candidate niche components for spermatogonia. The composite genotype and phenotype of defined testicular cell populations combined with a robust isolation procedure from small biopsies contributes to a better understanding of cellular interactions and for the establishment of efficient culture techniques to maintain spermatogonial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Harichandan
- 1 Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kavitha Sivasubramaniyan
- 1 Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Poths
- 3 Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Kruck
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Bühring
- 1 Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
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Deane JA, Ong YR, Cain JE, Jayasekara WSN, Tiwari A, Carlone DL, Watkins DN, Breault DT, Gargett CE. The mouse endometrium contains epithelial, endothelial and leucocyte populations expressing the stem cell marker telomerase reverse transcriptase. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:272-84. [PMID: 26740067 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS The mouse endometrium harbours stem/progenitor cells that express the stem cell marker mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert). STUDY FINDING We used a mouse carrying a transgenic reporter for mTert promoter activity to identify rare endometrial populations of epithelial and endothelial cells that express mTert. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Stem/progenitor cells are hypothesized to be responsible for the remarkable regenerative capacity of the endometrium, but the lack of convenient endometrial stem/progenitor markers in the mouse has hampered investigations into the identity of these cells. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS A mouse containing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter under the control of the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (mTert-GFP) was used to identify potential stem/progenitor cells in the endometrium. mTert promoter activity was determined using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to identify GFP(+) cells. GFP(+) cells were examined for epithelial, stromal, endothelial, leucocyte and proliferation markers and bromodeoxyuridine retention to determine their identity. The endometrium of ovariectomized mice was compared to that of intact cycling mice to establish the role of ovarian hormones in maintaining mTert-expressing cells. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that mTert-GFP is expressed by rare luminal and glandular epithelial cells (0.3% of epithelial cells by flow cytometry), rare CD45(-) cells in the stromal compartment (0.028 ± 0.010% of stromal cells by microscopy) and many CD45(+) leucocytes. Ovariectomy resulted in significant decrease of mTert-GFP(+) epithelial cells (P = 0.029 for luminal epithelium; P = 0.034 for glandular epithelium) and a decrease in the percentage of mTert-GFP(+) CD45(+) leucocytes in the stromal compartment (P = 0.015). However, CD45(-) mTert-GFP(+) cells in the stromal compartment were maintained in ovariectomized mice. This population is enriched for cells bearing the endothelial marker CD31 (10.3% of CD90(-) CD45(-) and 97.8% CD90(+) CD45(-) by flow cytometry). CD45(-) mTert-GFP(+) cells also immunostained for the endothelial marker von Willebrand factor. These results suggest that the endometrial epithelium and vasculature are foci of stem/progenitor activity and provide a system to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in endometrial regeneration and repair. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The stem/progenitor activity of endometrial mTert-GFP(+) cells needs to be experimentally verified. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The identification and characterization of mTert-expressing progenitor cells in the mouse will facilitate the identification of equivalent populations in the human endometrium that are likely to be involved in endometrial function, fertility and disease. LARGE-SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia grants (1085435, C.E.G., J.A.D.), 1021127 (C.E.G.), NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (1042298, C.E.G.), the Victorian Infrastructure Support Program, U.S. National Institutes of Health grant R01 DK084056 (D.T.B.) and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (D.T.B.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Deane
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Rue Ong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Samantha N Jayasekara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abhilasha Tiwari
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana L Carlone
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Present address: The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia Present address: UNSW Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David T Breault
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang S, Zhai X, Wang G, Feng J, Zhu H, Xu L, Mao G, Huang J. High expression of MAGE-A9 in tumor and stromal cells of non-small cell lung cancer was correlated with patient poor survival. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:541-550. [PMID: 25755744 PMCID: PMC4348844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) is an oncogene and correlated with tumor initiation and development. However the roles of MAGE-A9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. We investigated MAGE-A9 mRNA expression in 18 tumor tissues of NSCLC by qRT-PCR and MAGE-A9 protein expression in 213 NSCLC samples of tissue arrays by immunohistochemical staining. We assessed the relationship between MAGE-A9 expression and clinical parameters. The results showed that the high expression of MAGE-A9 protein in NSCLC tumor cells were commonly present in squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.030). It was also related to larger tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis and later stage grouping with TNM classification (all P < 0.05). Whereas the expression of MAGE-A9 in stromal cells was higher in squamous cell carcinomas as well. Cox regression univariate and multivariable analysis revealed that MAGE-A9 expression in tumor cells of NSCLC (P < 0.001) is an independent prognostic factor in five-year overall survival rate. We concluded that the molecular assessment of MAGEA9 could be considered to improve prognostic evaluation and to identify eligible patients for potential target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhai
- Department of Chemotherapy, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxin Mao
- Department of Chemotherapy, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Daniels G, Gellert LL, Melamed J, Hatcher D, Li Y, Wei J, Wang J, Lee P. Decreased expression of stromal estrogen receptor α and β in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:140-146. [PMID: 24489993 PMCID: PMC3902224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently there has been an increased interest in the role of tumor-associated stroma in prostate tumorigenesis, but little is known about the respective roles of stomal ERα and ERβ in prostate cancer (PCa). This study characterizes the expression patterns of ERα and ERβ in tumor-associated stroma in association with various clinicopathological factors of importance in PCa prognosis and treatment. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against ERα and ERβ to characterize their expression patterns in PCa tissue. Stromal ER levels (ERα and ERβ) on tissue sections (n=47), were compared between tumor associated stroma and adjacent benign associated stroma. Immunohistochemistry was also performed on a PCa tissue microarray (TMA) (n=177) to correlate stromal expression with various clinicopathological parameters. The levels of ER nuclear expression were scored semi-quantitatively. RESULTS The expression levels of both ERα and ERβ were significantly lower in tumor-associated stroma than stroma surrounding benign prostatic glands on the same tissue section (ERα: p<0.01; ERβ: p=0.01). When correlated with clinicopathological factors, the level of ERα expression in tumor-associated stroma showed a positive correlation with Gleason score (R(2)=0.8638). The expression of ERα was higher in PCa with advanced tumor stage (p=0.05) and not significantly different in extraprostatic extension (p>0.05). The level of ERβ expression in tumor-associated stroma was decreased in patients older than 60 years compared to younger patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates significant down-regulation of ERα and ERβ expression in the tumor-associated stroma of PCa. However, the level of ERα expression in tumor-associated stroma shows a positive correlation with cancer differentiation and tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Lan Lin Gellert
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - David Hatcher
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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Miller CN, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Lee MS, Laidlaw G, Cornelissen IP, Matloubian M, Coughlin SR, McDonald DM, McCune JM. IL-7 production in murine lymphatic endothelial cells and induction in the setting of peripheral lymphopenia. Int Immunol 2013; 25:471-83. [PMID: 23657000 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-7 is a required factor for T-cell homeostasis. Because of low expression levels and poor reagent availability, the cellular sources of IL-7 have proven challenging to characterize. In this study, we describe a reporter mouse in which enhanced GFP is expressed from the endogenous Il7 locus. We show that IL-7 is produced by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) distributed throughout the systemic lymphatic vasculature as well as by fibroblastic reticular cells, and that phosphorylation of STAT5 in lymphocytes is higher in lymphatics than in blood. Furthermore, in nodes depleted of lymphocytes, Il7 transcription is increased in stromal but not in myeloid subsets. These data support recent findings that lymphocyte homeostasis is influenced by access to secondary lymphoid organs and point to LECs as an important in vivo source of IL-7, bathing trafficking immune cells under both resting and lymphopenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey N Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Abstract
Inflammation is an unstable state; it either resolves or persists. Inflammatory reactions often have a propensity for specific anatomical sites. Why inflammation persists with specific tissue tropism remains obscure. Increasing evidence suggests that stromal cells which define tissue architecture are the key cells involved, and therefore make attractive therapeutic targets. Research on stromal cells in general and fibroblasts in particular has so far been hampered by a lack of fibroblast-specific cell markers. This review highlights our increasing understanding of the role of fibroblasts in inflammation, and suggests that these cells provide the cellular basis for site specific chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Naylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Somma A, Falleti J, Di Simone D, Marra A, Nazzaro G, Miranda M, Insabato L. Cystic variant of endometrial stromal sarcoma: report of two cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 21:278-81. [PMID: 23045333 DOI: 10.1177/1066896912461528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal sarcoma is an uncommon tumor representing 0.2% of all uterine neoplasm and 15% to 26% of uterine sarcomas. Endometrial stromal sarcoma has a gross appearance as single nodule, multiple masses, or a poorly demarcated lesion with occasional cystic degeneration; rarely, it shows a cystic multilocular feature. We report 2 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma with a prominent cystic appearance, forming multilocular cystic mass, detected by ultrasonography. The differential diagnosis among multicystic endometrial stromal sarcoma and cystic uterine tumors might be very difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Somma
- Department of Biomophological and Functional Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Kumar V, Chyou S, Stein JV, Lu TT. Optical projection tomography reveals dynamics of HEV growth after immunization with protein plus CFA and features shared with HEVs in acute autoinflammatory lymphadenopathy. Front Immunol 2012; 3:282. [PMID: 22973277 PMCID: PMC3435517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular–stromal compartment of lymph nodes is important for lymph node function, and high endothelial venules (HEVs) play a critical role in controlling the entry of recirculating lymphocytes. In autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, lymph node swelling is often accompanied by apparent HEV expansion and, potentially, targeting HEV expansion could be used therapeutically to limit autoimmunity. In previous studies using mostly flow cytometry analysis, we defined three differentially regulated phases of lymph node vascular–stromal growth: initiation, expansion, and the re-establishment of vascular quiescence and stabilization. In this study, we use optical projection tomography to better understand the morphologic aspects of HEV growth upon immunization with ovalbumin/CFA (OVA/CFA). We find HEV elongation as well as modest arborization during the initiation phase, increased arborization during the expansion phase, and, finally, vessel narrowing during the re-establishment of vascular quiescence and stabilization. We also examine acutely enlarged autoinflammatory lymph nodes induced by regulatory T cell depletion and show that HEVs are expanded and morphologically similar to the expanded HEVs in OVA/CFA-stimulated lymph nodes. These results reinforce the idea of differentially regulated, distinct phases of vascular–stromal growth after immunization and suggest that insights gained from studying immunization-induced lymph node vascular growth may help to understand how the lymph node vascular–stromal compartment could be therapeutically targeted in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Kumar
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery New York, NY, USA
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Benahmed F, Ely S, Lu TT. Lymph node vascular- stromal growth and function as a potential target for controlling immunity. Clin Immunol 2012; 144:109-16. [PMID: 22717771 PMCID: PMC3932544 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphadenopathy occurs in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and vascular proliferation is a common feature in the enlarged lymph nodes. The lymph node vasculature plays critical roles in delivering immune cells as well as oxygen and micronutrients, and therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic manipulation of immunity. In this review, we discuss recent insights made in understanding the growth and function of the vascular and associated stromal compartment in immune-stimulated lymph nodes and the potential utility of altering this process in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairouz Benahmed
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Yan X, Kennedy CR, Tilkens SB, Wiedemeier O, Guan H, Park JI, Chan AM. Cooperative Cross-Talk between Neuroblastoma Subtypes Confers Resistance to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibition. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:538-49. [PMID: 21901167 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911416003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid tumor that can be stratified into stroma-rich and stroma-poor histological subgroups. The stromal compartment of neuroblastoma is composed mostly of Schwann cells, and they play critical roles in the differentiation, survival, and angiogenic responses of tumor cells. In certain neuroblastoma cell lines, the coexistence of neuroblastic N-type and substrate-adherent S-type is frequently observed. One such cell line, SK-N-SH, harbors a F1174L oncogenic mutation in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Treatment of SK-N-SH with an ALK chemical inhibitor, TAE684, resulted in the outgrowth of S-type cells that expressed the Schwann cell marker, S100α6. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of these TAE684-resistant (TR) sublines revealed the presence of the ALK F1174L mutation, suggesting their tumor origin, although ALK protein was not detected. Consistent with these findings, TR cells displayed approximately 9-fold higher IC(50) values than N-type cells. Also, unlike N-type cells, TR cells have readily detectable phosphorylated STAT3 but weaker phosphorylated AKT. Under coculture conditions, TR cells conferred survival to N-type cells against the apoptotic effect of TAE684. Cocultivation also greatly enhanced the overall phosphorylation of STAT3 and its transcriptional activity in N-type cells. Finally, conditioned medium from TR clones enhanced cell viability of N-type cells, and this effect was phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent. Taken together, these results demonstrate the ability of tumor-derived S-type cells in protecting N-type cells against the apoptotic effect of an ALK kinase inhibitor through upregulating prosurvival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Yan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare primary neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, or omentum. In the past, surgery has been the only effective treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of GIST has been revolutionized over the past decade, since expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT was shown to occur on these tumors. Mutations in this proto-oncogene commonly cause constitutive activation of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor, an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. The development of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate, has led to a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced GIST. Treatment with this drug has led to significant improvements in survival, with overall response rates in excess of 80%. Side effects are common, but usually manageable. The success of this drug has led to further trials investigating its use in the pre- and postoperative situation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of GIST and imatinib treatment and possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Din
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that are essential to life but cause serious harm in excess. The main clinical features of glucocorticoid excess are due to adverse effects on cells and tissues that arise from a common developmental precursor - the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC; sometimes referred to as the mesenchymal stem cell). Interestingly glucocorticoids appear essential for the differentiation of cells and tissues that arise from MSCs. High levels of glucocorticoids are used in tissue engineering strategies to enhance the formation of tissues such as bone, cartilage, and muscle. This article discusses the paradox that glucocorticoids both enhance and impair MSC development and function. It will describe how endogenous glucocorticoids are likely to be important in these processes in vivo and will discuss the implications for therapies aimed at reducing the damage associated with the use of therapeutic glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Hardy
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Mark S. Cooper
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- *Correspondence: Mark S. Cooper, The Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK. e-mail:
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Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is commonly used in the USA as a nutritional supplement for antiaging, metabolic support or other uses. Investigations into understanding the effects of DHEA on human prostate cancer progression have posed more questions than answers and highlight the importance of communications between stromal and epithelial tuoitiuot elements within the prostate that contribute to the regulation of DHEA metabolism. Intracrine metabolism of DHEA to androgens (A) and/or estrogens (E) may occur in one cell compartment (stromal) which may release paracrine hormones or growth/inhibitory factors to the epithelial cells. Alternatively no metabolism of DHEA may occur, resulting in no harmful consequences of high levels of DHEA in prostate tissues. We herein review the tissue components involved and interactions with the prohormone, DHEA and/or resulting metabolites, including dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) in an in vitro model of endocrine-immune-paracrine interactions within the prostate. This work raises questions and hypotheses concerning the role of DHEA in prostate in normal tissues, vs. preneoplastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Arnold
- LCI-Endocrine Section, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10/2B47 MSC 1547, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1547, USA.
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Arnold JT, Gray NE, Jacobowitz K, Viswanathan L, Cheung PW, McFann KK, Le H, Blackman MR. Human prostate stromal cells stimulate increased PSA production in DHEA-treated prostate cancer epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 111:240-6. [PMID: 18621129 PMCID: PMC2570207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is commonly used as a dietary supplement and may affect prostate pathophysiology when metabolized to androgens and/or estrogens. Human prostate LAPC-4 cancer cells with a wild type androgen receptor (AR) were treated with DHEA, androgens dihydrotestosterone (DHT), T, or R1881), and E2 and assayed for prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein and gene expression. In LAPC-4 monocultures, DHEA and E2 induced little or no increase in PSA protein or mRNA expression compared to androgen-treated cells. When prostate cancer-associated (6S) stromal cells were added in coculture, DHEA stimulated LAPC-4 cell PSA protein secretion to levels approaching induction by DHT. Also, DHEA induced 15-fold more PSA mRNA in LAPC-4 cocultures than in monocultures. LAPC-4 proliferation was increased 2-3-fold when cocultured with 6S stromal cells regardless of hormone treatment. DHEA-treated 6S stromal cells exhibited a dose- and time-dependent increase in T secretion, demonstrating stromal cell metabolism of DHEA to T. Coculture with non-cancerous stroma did not induce LAPC-4 PSA production, suggesting a differential modulation of DHEA effect in a cancer-associated prostate stromal environment. This coculture model provides a research approach to reveal detailed endocrine, intracrine, and paracrine signaling between stromal and epithelial cells that regulate tissue homeostasis within the prostate, and the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Arnold
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Schauer IG, Ressler SJ, Tuxhorn JA, Dang TD, Rowley DR. Elevated epithelial expression of interleukin-8 correlates with myofibroblast reactive stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 2008; 72:205-13. [PMID: 18314176 PMCID: PMC2528841 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous inflammatory diseases display elevated interleukin (IL)-8, and most are associated with a reactive stroma. IL-8 expression is also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), yet little is known about reactive stroma in BPH. Whether a reactive stroma response exists in BPH, whether this correlates with elevated IL-8, and whether IL-8 can induce a reactive stroma phenotype have not been determined. This study was designed to specifically address these issues. METHODS Normal prostate transition zone tissue and BPH specimens, as identified by the Baylor College of Medicine pathology department, were examined by quantitative immunohistochemistry to correlate IL-8, smooth muscle alpha-actin, vimentin, calponin, and tenascin-C. In addition, human prostate stromal cell cultures were used to evaluate the effect of IL-8 on the expression of reactive stroma biomarkers. RESULTS BPH nodules exhibited elevated epithelial IL-8 immunoreactivity, and this correlated with elevated smooth muscle alpha-actin, reduced calponin, and altered deposition of tenascin-C, relative to the normal prostate transition zone tissue (P <0.05). Multiple vimentin-positive prostate stromal fibroblast cultures were induced by IL-8 to also co-express smooth muscle alpha-actin and tenascin-C, typical of a reactive stroma myofibroblast phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data show that BPH reactive stroma is fundamentally different from normal prostate fibromuscular stroma and is typified by the emergence of a reactive stroma myofibroblast phenotype. This reactive stroma pattern correlated spatially with IL-8 elevation in adjacent epithelium. Additionally, IL-8 induced expression of myofibroblast markers in human prostate fibroblasts in vitro. These results suggest that IL-8 acts as a regulator of BPH reactive stroma and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah G. Schauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Steven J. Ressler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Truong D. Dang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David R. Rowley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
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