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Cao L, Lin M, Ning J, Meng X, Pu X, Zhang R, Wu Q, Huang Z, Zhou J. Critical Roles of Acidic Residues in Loop Regions of the Structural Surface for the Salt Tolerance of a GH39 β-d-Xylosidase. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5805-5815. [PMID: 38451212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Xylan is the main component of hemicellulose. Complete hydrolysis of xylan requires synergistically acting xylanases, such as β-d-xylosidases. Salt-tolerant β-d-xylosidases have significant application benefits, but few reports have explored the critical amino acids affecting the salt tolerance of xylosidases. Herein, the site-directed mutation was used to demonstrate that negative electrostatic potentials generated by 19 acidic residues in the loop regions of the structural surface positively correlated with the improved salt tolerance of GH39 β-d-xylosidase JB13GH39P28. These mutants showed reduced negative potentials on structural surfaces as well as a 13-43% decrease in stability in 3.0-30.0% (w/v) NaCl. Six key residue sites, D201, D259, D297, D377, D395, and D474, were confirmed to influence both the stability and activity of GH39 β-d-xylosidase. The activity of the GH39 β-d-xylosidase was found promoting by SO42- and inhibiting by NO3-. Values of Km and Kcat/Km decreased aggravatedly in 30.0% (w/v) NaCl when mutation operated on residues E179 and D182 in the loop regions of the catalytic domain. Taken together, mutation on acidic residues in loop regions from catalytic and noncatalytic domains may cause the deformation of catalytic pocket and aggregation of protein particles then decrease the stability, binding affinity, and catalytic efficiency of the β-d-xylosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang H, Zhang C, Liu B, Li W, Jiang C, Ke Z, He D, Xiao X. Tuning Surface Potential Polarization to Enhance N 2 Affinity for Ammonia Electrosynthesis. Adv Mater 2024:e2401032. [PMID: 38444219 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize ammonia is a sustainable reaction that is expected to replace Haber Bosch process. Laminated Bi2 WO6 has great potential as an NRR electrocatalyst, however, the effective activity requires that the inert substrate is fully activated. Here, for the first time, success is achieved in activating the Bi2 WO6 basal planes with NRR activity through Ti doping. The introduction of Ti successfully tunes the surface potential distribution and enhances the N2 adsorption. The subsequently strong hybrid coupling of d(Ti)-p(N) orbitals fills the electronic state of N2 antibonding molecular orbital, which greatly weakens the bonding strength of N≡N bonds. Further, in situ synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectrum and theoretical calculations show that surface potential polarization enhances the adsorption of HNN* by Bi-Ti dual-metal sites, which is beneficial for the subsequent activation hydrogenation process. The Ti-Bi2 WO6 nanosheets achieve 11.44% Faradaic efficiency (-0.2 V vs. RHE), a NH3 yield rate of 23.14 µg mg-1 h-1 (15 N calibration), and satisfactory stability in 0.1 M HCl environment. The mutual assistance of theory and experiment can help understand and develop of excellent two-dimensional (2D) materials for the NRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Boling Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zunjian Ke
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Dong He
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- School of Physics and Technology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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3
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Imani A, Rahimi E, Lekka M, Andreatta F, Magnan M, Gonzalez-Garcia Y, Mol A, Raman RKS, Fedrizzi L, Asselin E. Albumin Protein Impact on Early-Stage In Vitro Biodegradation of Magnesium Alloy (WE43). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:1659-1674. [PMID: 38108601 PMCID: PMC10788864 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mg and its alloys are promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents. The first interactions of protein molecules with Mg alloy surfaces have a substantial impact on their biocompatibility and biodegradation. We investigate the early-stage electrochemical, chemical, morphological, and electrical surface potential changes of alloy WE43 in either 154 mM NaCl or Hanks' simulated physiological solutions in the absence or presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. WE43 had the lowest electrochemical current noise (ECN) fluctuations, the highest noise resistance (Zn = 1774 Ω·cm2), and the highest total impedance (|Z| = 332 Ω·cm2) when immersed for 30 min in Hanks' solution. The highest ECN, lowest Zn (1430 Ω·cm2), and |Z| (49 Ω·cm2) were observed in the NaCl solution. In the solutions containing BSA, a unique dual-mode biodegradation was observed. Adding BSA to a NaCl solution increased |Z| from 49 to 97 Ω·cm2 and decreased the ECN signal of the alloy, i.e., the BSA inhibited corrosion. On the other hand, the presence of BSA in Hanks' solution increased the rate of biodegradation by decreasing both Zn and |Z| while increasing ECN. Finally, using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), we observed an adsorbed nanolayer of BSA with aggregated and fibrillar morphology only in Hanks' solution, where the electrical surface potential was 52 mV lower than that of the Mg oxide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Imani
- Department
of Materials Engineering, The University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ehsan Rahimi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Lekka
- CIDETEC,
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesco Andreatta
- Polytechnic
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Michele Magnan
- Polytechnic
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yaiza Gonzalez-Garcia
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Mol
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R. K. Singh Raman
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Fedrizzi
- Polytechnic
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Edouard Asselin
- Department
of Materials Engineering, The University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Phan C, Nguyen TBT, Nakahara H. Ionic Distribution of an Unequal Electrolyte Near an Air/Water Surface. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:619-623. [PMID: 38556295 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The distribution of electrolytes near the air/water surface plays an essential role in many processes. While the general distribution is governed by classic Poisson-Boltzmann statistics, the analytical solution is only available for symmetric electrolytes. From the recent studies in the literature, it is evident that surface adsorption is dependent on specific ions as well as the H-bond structure at the surface. Experimental data can capture the macro properties of the surface, such as surface tension and surface potential. Yet, the underpinning mechanisms behind this experimental macro-observation remain unclear. To address the challenge, we developed a framework combining experimental studies and numerical calculations. The model was developed for electrolytes with unequal cationic and anionic charges. The asymmetric model was successfully applied to describe the surface charge of MgCl 2 aqueous solution. The results can be explained by the role of cationic size and charge on the surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Phan
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University
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5
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Zhang Z, Ersan MS, Westerhoff P, Herckes P. Do Surface Charges on Polymeric Filters and Airborne Particles Control the Removal of Nanoscale Aerosols by Polymeric Facial Masks? Toxics 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 38276716 PMCID: PMC10821015 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of facial masks as a critical health intervention to prevent the spread of airborne disease and protect from occupational nanomaterial exposure highlights the need for fundamental insights into the interaction of nanoparticles (<200 nm) with modern polymeric mask filter materials. While most research focuses on the filtration efficiency of airborne particles by facial masks based on pore sizes, pressure drop, or humidity, only a few studies focus on the importance of aerosol surface charge versus filter surface charge and their role in the net particle filtration efficiency of mask filters. In this study, experiments were conducted to assess mask filter filtration efficiency using positively and negatively charged polystyrene particles (150 nm) as challenge aerosols at varying humidity levels. Commercial masks with surface potential (Ψf) in the range of -10 V to -800 V were measured by an electrostatic voltmeter and used for testing. Results show that the mask filtration efficiency is highly dependent on the mask surface potential as well as the charge on the challenge aerosol, ranging from 60% to 98%. Eliminating the surface charge results in a maximum 43% decrease in filtration efficiency, emphasizing the importance of electrostatic charge interactions during the particle capture process. Moreover, increased humidity can decrease the surface charge on filters, thereby decreasing the mask filtration efficiency. The knowledge gained from this study provides insight into the critical role of electrostatic attraction in nanoparticle capture mechanisms and benefits future occupational and environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Zhang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85297-1604, USA;
| | - Mahmut S. Ersan
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; (M.S.E.); (P.W.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8115, USA
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; (M.S.E.); (P.W.)
| | - Pierre Herckes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85297-1604, USA;
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Kochervinskii VV, Buryanskaya EL, Makeev MO, Mikhalev PA, Kiselev DA, Ilina TS, Lokshin BV, Zvyagina AI, Kirakosyan GA. Effect of Composition and Surface Microstructure in Self-Polarized Ferroelectric Polymer Films on the Magnitude of the Surface Potential. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2851. [PMID: 37947696 PMCID: PMC10648288 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The values of the surface potentials of two sides of films of polyvinylidene fluoride, and its copolymers with tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, were measured by the Kelvin probe method. The microstructures of the chains in the surfaces on these sides were evaluated by ATR IR spectroscopy. It was found that the observed surface potentials differed in the studied films. Simultaneously, it was observed from the IR spectroscopy data that the microstructures of the chains on both sides of the films also differed. It is concluded that the formation of the surface potential in (self-polarized) ferroelectric polymers is controlled by the microstructure of the surface layer. The reasons for the formation of a different microstructure on both sides of the films are suggested on the basis of the general regularities of structure formation in flexible-chain crystallizing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V. Kochervinskii
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 141005, Russia; (M.O.M.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Evgeniya L. Buryanskaya
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 141005, Russia; (M.O.M.); (P.A.M.)
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia;
| | - Mstislav O. Makeev
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 141005, Russia; (M.O.M.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Pavel A. Mikhalev
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 141005, Russia; (M.O.M.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kiselev
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia;
| | - Tatiana S. Ilina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Moscow 119049, Russia; (T.S.I.); (B.V.L.)
| | - Boris V. Lokshin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Moscow 119049, Russia; (T.S.I.); (B.V.L.)
| | - Aleksandra I. Zvyagina
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Alkali and Rare Metals, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and In-Organic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.I.Z.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Gayane A. Kirakosyan
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Alkali and Rare Metals, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and In-Organic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.I.Z.); (G.A.K.)
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow 119071, Russia
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7
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Zahmatkeshsaredorahi A, Jakob DS, Fang H, Fakhraai Z, Xu XG. Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy through Integration of Lock-In Detection. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8953-8959. [PMID: 37737103 PMCID: PMC10571144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Kelvin probe force microscopy measures surface potential and delivers insights into nanoscale electronic properties, including work function, doping levels, and localized charges. Recently developed pulsed force Kelvin probe force microscopy (PF-KPFM) provides sub-10 nm spatial resolution under ambient conditions, but its original implementation is hampered by instrument complexity and limited operational speed. Here, we introduce a solution for overcoming these two limitations: a lock-in amplifier-based PF-KPFM. Our method involves phase-synchronized switching of a field effect transistor to mediate the Coulombic force between the probe and the sample. We validate its efficacy on two-dimensional material MXene and aged perovskite photovoltaic films. Lock-in-based PF-KPFM successfully identifies the contact potential difference (CPD) of stacked flakes and finds that the CPDs of monoflake MXene are different from those of their multiflake counterparts, which are otherwise similar in value. In perovskite films, we uncover electrical degradation that remains elusive with surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devon S. Jakob
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Hui Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaoji G. Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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8
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Lin W, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Xu K, Wu C, Duan X, Dong L, Chen Z, Weng W, Cheng K. Accelerated Bone Regeneration on the Metal Surface through Controllable Surface Potential. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:46493-46503. [PMID: 37729066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface potential is rarely investigated as an independent factor in influencing tissue regeneration on the metal surface. In this work, the surface potential on the titanium (Ti) surface was designed to be tailored and adjusted independently, which arises from the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity of poled poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVTF). Notably, it is found that such controllable surface potential on the metal surface significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro as well as bone regeneration in vivo. In addition, the intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration measurement further proves that such controllable surface potential on the metal surface could activate the transmembrane calcium channels and allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the cytoplasm. That might be the reason for improved osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and bone regeneration. These findings reveal the potential of the metal surface with improved bioactivity for stimulation of osteogenesis and show great prospects for fabricable implantable medical devices with adjustable surface potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China
| | - Zhuoneng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 1, Hangzhou 310003, Peoples R China
| | - Kaicheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 2, Hangzhou 310009, Peoples R China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China
| | - Xiyue Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Peoples R China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 1, Hangzhou 310003, Peoples R China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 1, Hangzhou 310003, Peoples R China
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9
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Hu X, Jiang H, Lu LX, Zhao SX, Li Y, Zhen L, Xu CY. Revisiting the Hetero-Interface of Electrolyte/2D Materials in an Electric Double Layer Device. Small 2023; 19:e2301798. [PMID: 37357158 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Electric double layer (EDL) devices based on 2D materials have made great achievements for versatile electronic and opto-electronic applications; however, the ion dynamics and electric field distribution of the EDL at the electrolyte/2D material interface and their influence on the physical properties of 2D materials have not been clearly clarified. In this work, by using Kelvin probe force microscope and steady/transient optical techniques, the character of the EDL and its influence on the optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are probed. The potential drop, unscreened EDL potential distribution, and accumulated carriers at the electrolyte/TMD interface are revealed, which can be explained by nonlinear Thomas-Fermi theory. By monitoring the potential distribution along the channel, the evolution of the electric field-induced lateral junction in the TMD EDL transistor is accessed, giving rise to the better exploration of EDL device physics. More importantly, EDL gate-dependent carrier recombination and exciton-exciton annihilation in monolayer TMDs on lithium-ion solid state electrolyte (Li2 Al2 SiP2 TiO13 ) are evaluated for the first time, benefiting from the understanding of the interaction between ions, carriers, and excitons. The work will deepen the understanding of the EDL for the exploitation of functional device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Liang-Xing Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shou-Xin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Wang Z, Chen J, Ni C, Nie W, Li D, Ta N, Zhang D, Sun Y, Sun F, Li Q, Li Y, Chen R, Bu T, Fan F, Li C. Visualizing the role of applied voltage in non-metal electrocatalysts. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad166. [PMID: 37565210 PMCID: PMC10411668 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how applied voltage drives the electrocatalytic reaction at the nanoscale is a fundamental scientific problem, particularly in non-metallic electrocatalysts, due to their low intrinsic carrier concentration. Herein, using monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a model system of non-metallic catalyst, the potential drops across the basal plane of MoS2 (ΔVsem) and the electric double layer (ΔVedl) are decoupled quantitatively as a function of applied voltage through in-situ surface potential microscopy. We visualize the evolution of the band structure under liquid conditions and clarify the process of EF keeping moving deep into Ec, revealing the formation process of the electrolyte gating effect. Additionally, electron transfer (ET) imaging reveals that the basal plane exhibits high ET activity, consistent with the results of surface potential measurements. The potential-dependent behavior of kf and ns in the ET reaction are further decoupled based on the measurements of ΔVsem and ΔVedl. Comparing the ET and hydrogen evolution reaction imaging results suggests that the low electrocatalytic activity of the basal plane is mainly due to the absence of active sites, rather than its electron transfer ability. This study fills an experimental gap in exploring driving forces for electrocatalysis at the nanoscale and addresses the long-standing issue of the inability to decouple charge transfer from catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenwei Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Ta
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Deyun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fusai Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Energy College, Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuran Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruotian Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tiankai Bu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fengtao Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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11
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Martin-Iglesias S, Herrera L, Santos S, Vesga MÁ, Eguizabal C, Lanceros-Mendez S, Silvan U. Analysis of the impact of handling and culture on the expansion and functionality of NK cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225549. [PMID: 37638054 PMCID: PMC10451065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that play a key role in the elimination of tumor and virus-infected cells. Unlike T cells, NK cell activation is governed by their direct interaction with target cells via the inhibitory and activating receptors present on their cytoplasmic membrane. The simplicity of this activation mechanism has allowed the development of immunotherapies based on the transduction of NK cells with CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) constructs for the treatment of cancer. Despite the advantages of CAR-NK therapy over CAR-T, including their inability to cause graft-versus-host disease in allogenic therapies, a deeper understanding of the impact of their handling is needed in order to increase their functionality and applicability. With that in mind, the present work critically examines the steps required for NK cell isolation, expansion and storage, and analyze the response of the NK cells to these manipulations. The results show that magnetic-assisted cell sorting, traditionally used for NK isolation, increases the CD16+ population of NK cultures only if the protocol includes both, antibody incubation and passage through the isolation column. Furthermore, based on the importance of surface potential on cellular responses, the influence of surfaces with different net surface charge on NK cells has been evaluated, showing that NK cells displayed higher proliferation rates on charged surfaces than on non-charged ones. The present work highlights the relevance of NK cells manipulation for improving the applicability and effectiveness of NK cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martin-Iglesias
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lara Herrera
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Silvia Santos
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS RD21/0017/0024), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Vesga
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS RD21/0017/0024), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS RD21/0017/0024), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Red de Inmunoterapia del Cáncer “REINCA” (RED2022-134831-T), Madrid, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS RD21/0017/0024), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Unai Silvan
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS RD21/0017/0024), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Wang Z, Song Q, Wu H, Feng B, Li Y, Bu L. Synchronized 3D Printing and Corona Charging for One-Step Prototyping of Polarized Polylactic Acid Electrets. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112520. [PMID: 37299317 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is advantageous in the fast prototyping of complex structures, but its utilization in functional material fabrication is still limited due to a lack of activation capability. To fabricate and activate the functional material of electrets, a synchronized 3D printing and corona charging method is presented to prototype and polarize polylactic acid electrets in one step. By upgrading the 3D printer nozzle and incorporating a needle electrode to apply high voltage, parameters such as needle tip distance and applied voltage level were compared and optimized. Under different experimental conditions, the average surface distribution in the center of the samples was -1498.87 V, -1115.73 V, and -814.51 V. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the electric field contributes to keeping the printed fiber structure straight. The polylactic acid electrets exhibited relatively uniform surface potential distribution on a sufficiently large sample surface. In addition, the average surface potential retention rate was improved by 12.021-fold compared to ordinary corona-charged samples. The above advantages are unique to the 3D-printed and polarized polylactic acid electrets, proving that the proposed method is suitable for quickly prototyping and effectively polarizing the polylactic acid electrets simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huarui Wu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baolong Feng
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yeyuan Li
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ling Bu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Riedl C, Siebenhofer M, Nenning A, Wilson GE, Kilner J, Rameshan C, Limbeck A, Opitz AK, Kubicek M, Fleig J. Surface Decorations on Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductors: Effects on Surface Potential, Defects, and the Oxygen Exchange Kinetics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37212575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen exchange kinetics of epitaxial Pr0.1Ce0.9O2-δ electrodes was modified by decoration with submonolayer amounts of different basic (SrO, CaO) and acidic (SnO2, TiO2) binary oxides. The oxygen exchange reaction (OER) rate and the total conductivity were measured by in situ PLD impedance spectroscopy (i-PLD), which allows to directly track changes of electrochemical properties after each deposited pulse of surface decoration. The surface chemistry of the electrodes was investigated by near-ambient pressure XPS measurements (NAP-XPS) at elevated temperatures and by low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). While a significant alteration of the OER rate was observed after decoration with binary oxides, the pO2 dependence of the surface exchange resistance and its activation energy were not affected, suggesting that surface decorations do not alter the fundamental OER mechanism. Furthermore, the total conductivity of the thin films does not change upon decoration, indicating that defect concentration changes are limited to the surface layer. This is confirmed by NAP-XPS measurements which find only minor changes of the Pr-oxidation state upon decoration. NAP-XPS was further employed to investigate changes of the surface potential step on decorated surfaces. From a mechanistic point of view, our results indicate a correlation between the surface potential and the altered oxygen exchange activity. Oxidic decorations induce a surface charge which depends on their acidity (acidic oxides lead to a negative surface charge), affecting surface defect concentrations, any existing surface potential step, potentially adsorption dynamics, and consequently also the OER kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riedl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Siebenhofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Surface Technology, CEST, 2700 Wr. Neustadt, Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - George E Wilson
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - John Kilner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K Opitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Fleig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Zhou Z, Zhang J, He X, Chen X, Dong L, Lin J, Wang H, Weng W, Cheng K. Regulation of Macrophage Polarization on Chiral Potential Distribution of CFO/P(VDF-TrFE) Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2524-2533. [PMID: 37092816 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface potentials of biomaterials have been shown to regulate cell fate commitment. However, the effects of chirality-patterned potential distribution on macrophage polarization are still only beginning to be explored. In this work, we demonstrated that the chirality-patterned potential distribution of CoFe2O4/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (CFO/P(VDF-TrFE)) films could significantly down-regulate the M1 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Specifically, the dextral-patterned surface potential distribution simultaneously up-regulated the expression of M2-related markers of BMDMs. The results were attributed to the sensitive difference of integrin subunits (α5β1 and αvβ3) to the dextral- and sinistral-patterned surface potential distribution, respectively. The interaction difference between the integrin subunits and surface potential distribution altered the cell adhesion and cytoskeletal structure and thereby the polarization behavior of BMDMs. This work, therefore, emphasizes the importance of chirality of potential distribution on cell behavior and provides a new strategy to regulate the immune response of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuzhao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jun Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Huang X, Cao W, Huang C, Chen C, Shi Z, Xu W. Electrical Stability Modeling Based on Surface Potential for a-InGaZnO TFTs under Positive-Bias Stress and Light Illumination. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:842. [PMID: 37421075 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrical stability model based on surface potential is presented for amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under positive-gate-bias stress (PBS) and light stress. In this model, the sub-gap density of states (DOSs) are depicted by exponential band tails and Gaussian deep states within the band gap of a-IGZO. Meanwhile, the surface potential solution is developed with the stretched exponential distribution relationship between the created defects and PBS time, and the Boltzmann distribution relationship between the generated traps and incident photon energy, respectively. The proposed model is verified using both the calculation results and experimental data of a-IGZO TFTs with various distribution of DOSs, and a consistent and accurate expression of the evolution of transfer curves is achieved under PBS and light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Huang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weizong Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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16
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Parlak ZV, Labude-Weber N, Neuhaus K, Schmidt C, Morgan AD, Zybała R, Gonzalez-Julian J, Neuss S, Schickle K. Unveiling the main factors triggering the coagulation at the SiC-blood interface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023. [PMID: 36924189 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemocompatibility is the most significant criterion for blood-contacting materials in successful in vivo applications. Prior to the clinical tests, in vitro analyses must be performed on the biomaterial surfaces in accordance with the ISO 10993-4 standards. Designing a bio-functional material requires engineering the surface structure and chemistry, which significantly influence the blood cell activity according to earlier studies. In this study, we elucidate the role of surface terminations and polymorphs of SiC single crystals in the initial stage of the contact coagulation. We present a detailed analysis of phase, roughness, surface potential, wettability, consequently, reveal their effect on cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility by employing live/dead stainings, live cell imaging, ELISA and Micro BCA protein assay. Our results showed that the surface potential and the wettability strongly depend on the crystallographic polymorph as well as the surface termination. We show, for the first time, the key role of SiC surface termination on platelet activation. This dependency is in good agreement with the results of our in vitro analysis and points out the prominence of cellular anisotropy. We anticipate that our experimental findings bridge the surface properties to the cellular activities, and therefore, pave the way for tailoring advanced hemocompatible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zümray Vuslat Parlak
- Department of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Neuhaus
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-12, Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-12, Helmholtz-Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage, Münster, Germany
| | - Aaron David Morgan
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafał Zybała
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Julian
- Department of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolina Schickle
- Department of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Fu Y, Huang S, Feng Z, Huang L, Zhang X, Lin H, Mo A. MXene-Functionalized Ferroelectric Nanocomposite Membranes with Modulating Surface Potential Enhance Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:900-917. [PMID: 36715700 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective bone defect repair remains a challenging issue for clinical treatment. Applying biomaterials with endogenous surface potential has been widely studied to enhance bone regeneration, but how to regulate the electric potential and surface morphology of the implanted materials precisely to achieve an optimal bioelectric microenvironment is still a major challenge. The aim of this study is to develop electroactive biomaterials that better mimic the extracellular microenvironment for bone regeneration. Hence, MXene/polyvinylidene fluoride (MXene/PVDF) ferroelectric nanocomposite membranes were prepared by electrospinning. Physicochemical characterization demonstrated that Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets were wrapped in PVDF shell layer and the surface morphology and potential were modulated by altering the content of MXene, where uniform distribution of fibers and enhanced electric potential can be obtained and precisely assembled into a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in bone tissue. Consequently, the MXene/PVDF membranes facilitated cell adhesion, stretching, and growth, showing good biocompatibility; meanwhile, their intrinsic electric potential promoted the recruitment of osteogenic cells and accelerated the differentiation of osteoblast. Furthermore, 1 wt % MXene/PVDF membrane with a suitable surface potential and better topographical structure for bone regeneration qualitatively and quantitatively promoted bone tissue formation in a rat calvarial bone defect after 4 and 8 weeks of healing. The fabricated MXene/PVDF ferroelectric nanocomposite membranes show a biomimetic microenvironment with a sustainable electric potential and optimal 3D topographical structure, providing an innovative and well-suited strategy for application in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Si Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Zeru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Hua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Anchun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14th 3 sect of Renmin South Road, Chengdu610041, China
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18
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Huang S, Wang L. MOSFET Physics-Based Compact Model Mass-Produced: An Artificial Neural Network Approach. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:386. [PMID: 36838086 PMCID: PMC9966356 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The continued scaling-down of nanoscale semiconductor devices has made it very challenging to obtain analytic surface potential solutions from complex equations in physics, which is the fundamental purpose of the MOSFET compact model. In this work, we proposed a general framework to automatically derive analytical solutions for surface potential in MOSFET, by leveraging the universal approximation power of deep neural networks. Our framework incorporated a physical-relation-neural-network (PRNN) to learn side-by-side from a general-purpose numerical simulator in handling complex equations of mathematical physics, and then instilled the "knowledge'' from the simulation data into the neural network, so as to generate an accurate closed-form mapping between device parameters and surface potential. Inherently, the surface potential was able to reflect the numerical solution of a two-dimensional (2D) Poisson equation, surpassing the limits of traditional 1D Poisson equation solutions, thus better illustrating the physical characteristics of scaling devices. We obtained promising results in inferring the analytic surface potential of MOSFET, and in applying the derived potential function to the building of 130 nm MOSFET compact models and circuit simulation. Such an efficient framework with accurate prediction of device performances demonstrates its potential in device optimization and circuit design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518066, China
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19
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Rahmani M, Ghafoorifard H, Ahmadi MT. A Phenomenological Model for Electrical Transport Characteristics of MSM Contacts Based on GNS. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:184. [PMID: 36677247 PMCID: PMC9864923 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoscroll, because of attractive electronic, mechanical, thermoelectric and optoelectronics properties, is a suitable candidate for transistor and sensor applications. In this research, the electrical transport characteristics of high-performance field effect transistors based on graphene nanoscroll are studied in the framework of analytical modeling. To this end, the characterization of the proposed device is investigated by applying the analytical models of carrier concentration, quantum capacitance, surface potential, threshold voltage, subthreshold slope and drain induced barrier lowering. The analytical modeling starts with deriving carrier concentration and surface potential is modeled by adopting the model of quantum capacitance. The effects of quantum capacitance, oxide thickness, channel length, doping concentration, temperature and voltage are also taken into account in the proposed analytical models. To investigate the performance of the device, the current-voltage characteristics are also determined with respect to the carrier density and its kinetic energy. According to the obtained results, the surface potential value of front gate is higher than that of back side. It is noteworthy that channel length affects the position of minimum surface potential. The surface potential increases by increasing the drain-source voltage. The minimum potential increases as the value of quantum capacitance increases. Additionally, the minimum potential is symmetric for the symmetric structure (Vfg = Vbg). In addition, the threshold voltage increases by increasing the carrier concentration, temperature and oxide thickness. It is observable that the subthreshold slope gets closer to the ideal value of 60 mV/dec as the channel length increases. As oxide thickness increases the subthreshold slope also increases. For thinner gate oxide, the gate capacitance is larger while the gate has better control over the channel. The analytical results demonstrate a rational agreement with existing data in terms of trends and values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rahmani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical University, Buein Zahra 34517-45346, Iran
| | - Hassan Ghafoorifard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran 15914, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Nano-Physic Group, Physics Department, Urmia University, Urmia 57147, Iran
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20
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Eitutis ST, Tam YC, Roberts I, Swords C, Tysome JR, Donnelly NP, Axon PR, Bance ML. Detecting and managing partial shorts in Cochlear implants: A validation of scalp surface potential testing. Clin Otolaryngol 2022; 47:641-649. [PMID: 35833359 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of scalp surface potentials to identify and manage partial short circuits to ground in cochlear implant electrodes. DESIGN A retrospective review of patients with suspected partial short circuits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Electrical output of individual electrodes was measured using scalp surface potentials for patients reporting a change in hearing function. Electrical output was compared to functional performance and impedance measurements to determine if devices with suspected partial short circuits were experiencing a decrease in performance as a result of reduced electrical output. Electrical output was checked in an artificial cochlea for two implants following explant surgery to confirm scalp surface potential results. RESULTS All patients with suspected partial short circuits (n = 49) had reduced electrical output, a drop in impedances to approximately ½ of previously stable measurements or to below 2 kΩ, an atypical electrical field measurement (EFI) and a decline in hearing function. Only devices with an atypical EFI showed reduced electrical output. Results of scalp based surface potentials could be replicated in an artificial cochlea following explantation of the device. All explant reports received to date (n = 42) have confirmed partial short circuits, with an additional four devices failing integrity tests. CONCLUSION Surface potential measurements can detect partial shorts and had 100% correlation with atypical EFI measurements, which are characteristic of a partial short to ground in this device. Surface potentials can help determine the degree to which the electrode array is affected, particularly when behavioural testing is limited or not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Eitutis
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Emmeline Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Chuen Tam
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Emmeline Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iwan Roberts
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chloe Swords
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of ENT, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Tysome
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of ENT, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil P Donnelly
- Department of ENT, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick R Axon
- Department of ENT, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manohar L Bance
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of ENT, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Williams NJ, Seymour ID, Fraggedakis D, Skinner SJ. Electric Fields and Charge Separation for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7515-7521. [PMID: 36067488 PMCID: PMC9523703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation losses at solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes have been widely attributed to charge transfer at the electrode surface. The electrostatic nature of electrode-gas interactions allows us to study these phenomena by simulating an electric field across the electrode-gas interface, where we are able to describe the activation overpotential using density functional theory (DFT). The electrostatic responses to the electric field are used to approximate the behavior of an electrode under electrical bias and have found a correlation with experimental data for three different reduction reactions at mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) electrode surfaces (H2O and CO2 on CeO2; O2 on LaFeO3). In this work, we demonstrate the importance of decoupled ion-electron transfer and charged adsorbates on the performance of electrodes under nonequilibrium conditions. Finally, our findings on MIEC-gas interactions have potential implications in the fields of energy storage and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Williams
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ieuan D. Seymour
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen J. Skinner
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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22
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Geng J, Zhang H, Meng X, Gao H, Rong W, Xie H. Three-Dimensional Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:32719-32728. [PMID: 35816692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is mainly limited to the characterization of two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, and in situ surface potential (SP) imaging along 3D device surfaces remains a challenge. This paper presents a multimode 3D-KPFM based on an orthogonal cantilever probe (OCP) that can achieve SP mapping of 3D micronano structures. It integrates three working modes: a bending mode for 2D horizontal surface imaging, a torsion mode for vertical sidewall imaging, and a vector tracking-based 3D scanning mode. The customized OCP has a nanoscale tip protruding from the side and underside of the cantilever, rather than the front, and the extended tip makes the proposed approach universally applicable for 3D detection from the nanometer to micrometer scale. The spatial resolution of the proposed method is analyzed by simulation, which shows it can reduce the cantilever homogenization effect. Linearity and energy resolution measurements show that the proposed method has comparable performance to traditional methods. A comparative experiment using a gold-silicon interface verifies the accuracy of the reported method in its bending and torsion modes. Further, the imaging ability of the 3D scanning mode is confirmed in the 3D characterization of a step grating. This technique is applied to the in situ characterization of a microforce sensor with microcomb structures. The experiment results show that this method can excellently achieve the 3D quantitative characterization of topography and SP, including critical dimensions and SP along a 3D device surface. This novel 3D-KPFM technique has many potential applications in the further exploration of 3D micronano devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Geng
- The State key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The State key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- The State key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Gao
- The State key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Rong
- The State key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- The State key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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23
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Wang H, Huang S, Kuang H, Zou T, Rajagopalan P, Wang X, Li Y, Jin H, Dong S, Zhou H, Hasan T, Occhipinti LG, Kim JM, Luo J. Coexistence of Contact Electrification and Dynamic p-n Junction Modulation Effects in Triboelectrification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:30410-30419. [PMID: 35758022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectric effect occurs when two dissimilar materials are in physical contact, attributed to the combination of contact electrification (CE) and electrostatic induction. It has been extensively explored for the development of high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this paper, we report on, besides the CE-related charge generation, an additional charge generation phenomenon associated with the modulation of the p-n junction when two semiconductor materials [methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)] are put in contact and separated dynamically. The electrical outputs generated by the CE effect are determined by the surface potential difference between the two friction materials, while the ones induced by the p-n junction modulation are determined by the dynamic variations in the depletion widths of the two semiconductor friction materials. The outputs generated by the CE effect and the p-n junction effect are well separated in time scale; the p-n junction modulation contributes ∼20% of the total charge generated and could be varied by changing the chemical composition of the semiconductors. The results may provide an alternative method for the development of high-performance TENGs by utilizing this additional p-n junction modulation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Shanghai Precision Metrology & Test Research Institute, 3888 Yuanjiang Road, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Haoze Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Taoyu Zou
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pandey Rajagopalan
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Jikui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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24
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Babu A, Malik P, Das N, Mandal D. Surface Potential Tuned Single Active Material Comprised Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a High Performance Voice Recognition Sensor. Small 2022; 18:e2201331. [PMID: 35499190 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To fabricate a high-performance and ultrasensitive triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), choice of a combination of different materials of triboelectric series is one of the prime challenging tasks. An effective way to fabricate a TENG with a single material (abbreviated as S-TENG) is proposed, comprising electrospun nylon nanofibers. The surface potential of the nanofibers are tuned by changing the voltage polarity in the electrospinning setup, employed between the needle and collector. The difference in surface potential leads to a different work function that is the key to design S-TENG with a single material only. Further, S-TENG is demonstrated as an ultrahigh sensitive acoustic sensor with mechanoacoustic sensitivity of ≈27 500 mV Pa-1 . Due to high sensitivity in the low-to-middle decibel (60-70 dB) sounds, S-TENG is highly capable in recognizing different voice signals depending on the condition of the vocal cord. This effective voice recognition ability indicates that it has high potential to open an alternative pathway for medical professionals to detect several diseases such as neurological voice disorder, muscle tension dysphonia, vocal cord paralysis, and speech delay/disorder related to laryngeal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Babu
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Pinki Malik
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Nityananda Das
- Department of Physics, Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal, 723101, India
| | - Dipankar Mandal
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
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25
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Izumi R, Li YJ, Naitoh Y, Sugawara Y. Study of High-Low KPFM on a pn-Patterned Si Surface. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:98-103. [PMID: 35018450 PMCID: PMC8973402 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative measurements between frequency modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy (FM-KPFM) using low frequency bias voltage and heterodyne FM-KPFM using high frequency bias voltage were performed on the surface potential measurement. A silicon substrate patterned with p- and n-type impurities was used as a quantitative sample. The multi-pass scanning method in the measurements of FM-KPFM and heterodyne FM-KPFM was used to eliminate the effect of the tip–sample distance dependence. The measured surface potentials become lower in the order of the p-type region, n-type region and n+-type region by both FM-KPFM and heterodyne FM-KPFM, which are in good agreement with the order of the work functions of the pn-patterned Si sample. We observed the difference in the surface potentials due to the surface band bending measured by FM-KPFM and heterodyne FM-KPFM. The difference is due to the fact that the charge transfer between the surface and bulk levels may or may not respond to AC bias voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Izumi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yan Jun Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Naitoh
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Pan G, Zou D, Wang Z. Flotation of Smithsonite From Quartz Using Pyrophyllite Nanoparticles as the Natural Non-toxic Collector. Front Chem 2021; 9:743482. [PMID: 34722456 PMCID: PMC8553995 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural hydrophobic mineral nanoparticles as a collector in froth flotation has recently attracted the attention of researchers. In this article, the separation performance and mechanism of pyrophyllite nanoparticles (PNPs) on smithsonite and quartz flotation system were investigated using the method of flotation, zeta potential, contact angle, and scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The results of single mineral flotation showed that the difference in flotation recovery between smithsonite and quartz was large for NaOL, DDA, and PNP collectors in the acidic pH range, the largest of which was the PNP system. At pH 6, the optimal dosage of PNPs was 1,000 mg/L. Separation of mixed minerals of smithsonite and quartz using a PNP collector provides the optimum concentrate index (Zn grade 50.84% and Zn recovery 85.36%). According to the results of zeta potential measurement, PNPs and quartz were negatively charged, and the surface of smithsonite was positively charged at pH 6. This provided conditions for smithsonite to selectively adsorb PNPs due to different electrostatic forces. Selective adsorption of PNPs in the smithsonite/quartz flotation system was directly observed by SEM/EDS detection. Hydrophobic PNPs were adsorbed on the surface of hydrophilic smithsonite to make it hydrophobic, and the surface of quartz remained hydrophilic. This is the mechanism for separating smithsonite and quartz using PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Pan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bio-engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zou
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bio-engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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27
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Otake H, Minami M, Yamaguchi M, Akiyama S, Inaba K, Nagai N. Effect of inner physical properties on powder adhesion in inhalation capsules in case of a high resistance device. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1353. [PMID: 34659499 PMCID: PMC8515541 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhalation performance of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) depends on the inhalation patterns of patients, inhalation particle characteristics and inhalation devices. In capsule-based DPIs, the capsule plays an important role in the dispersion of inhalation particles. The present study investigated the effects of inner physical properties of capsules on drug release from capsules-based DPIs with high resistance device. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the capsule physical properties, such as the capsule inner structure and surface potential, of three capsules with different compositions (G-Cap, PEG/G-Cap, and HPMC-Cap). As a model dry powder for capsule-based DPIs, the dry powder in Spiriva® Inhalation Capsules containing tiotropium bromide was used. Inhalation performance was evaluated using a twin-stage liquid impinge and Handihaler® (flow rate 30 l/min). The results indicated that the capsule inner surface presented with numerous valleys and mountains, regardless of the capsule type. Furthermore, the valley and mountain areas on the capsule inner surface showed a significantly higher or lower surface potential. Following inhalation of capsule-based DPIs, the drug remained in the valleys on the capsule inner surface; however, no significant difference was observed in the drug release from capsule and lung drug delivery. Therefore, inhalation performance in capsule-based DPIs when a high resistance device, such as Handihaler®, is used at an appropriately flow rate is not markedly affected by the physical properties of the capsule inner surface due to capsule composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Minami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sawako Akiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inaba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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28
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Stan G, Namboodiri P. Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2021; 12:1115-1126. [PMID: 34703722 PMCID: PMC8505900 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The open-loop (OL) variant of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides access to the voltage response of the electrostatic interaction between a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe and the investigated sample. The measured response can be analyzed a posteriori, modeled, and interpreted to include various contributions from the probe geometry and imaged features of the sample. In contrast to this, the currently implemented closed-loop (CL) variants of KPFM, either amplitude-modulation (AM) or frequency-modulation (FM), solely report on their final product in terms of the tip-sample contact potential difference. In ambient atmosphere, both CL AM-KPFM and CL FM-KPFM work at their best during the lift part of a two-pass scanning mode to avoid the direct contact with the surface of the sample. In this work, a new OL AM-KPFM mode was implemented in the single-pass scan of the PeakForce Tapping (PFT) mode. The topographical and electrical components were combined in a single pass by applying the electrical modulation only in between the PFT tip-sample contacts, when the AFM probe separates from the sample. In this way, any contact and tunneling discharges are avoided and, yet, the location of the measured electrical tip-sample interaction is directly affixed to the topography rendered by the mechanical PFT modulation at each tap. Furthermore, because the detailed response of the cantilever to the bias stimulation was recorded, it was possible to analyze and separate an average contribution of the cantilever to the determined local contact potential difference between the AFM probe and the imaged sample. The removal of this unwanted contribution greatly improved the accuracy of the AM-KPFM measurements to the level of the FM-KPFM counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Stan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Pradeep Namboodiri
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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29
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Pradhan S, Rath M, David A, Kumar D, Prellier W, Rao MSR. Thickness-Dependent Domain Relaxation Dynamics Study in Epitaxial K 0.5Na 0.5NbO 3 Ferroelectric Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36407-36415. [PMID: 34309353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We explored the time dependence of the nanoscale domain relaxation mechanism in epitaxial K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films grown on La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrTiO3 (001) substrates over the thickness range 20-80 nm using scanning probe microscopy. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM) and piezoresponse force microscopy were performed on pulsed-laser-deposition-deposited KNN thin films for studying the time evolution of trapped charges and polarized domains, respectively. The KFM data show that the magnitude and retention time of the surface potential are the maxima for 80 nm-thick film and reduce with the reduction in the film thickness. The charging and discharging of the samples reveal the easier and stronger electron trapping compared to hole trapping. This result further indicates the asymmetry between retention of the pulse-voltage-induced upward and downward domains. Furthermore, the time evolution of these ferroelectric nanodomains are found to obey stretched exponential behavior. The relaxation time (T) has been found to increase with increase in thickness; however, the corresponding stretched exponent (β) is reduced. Moreover, the written domain can retain for more than 2300 min in KNN thin films. An in-depth understanding of domain relaxation dynamics in Pb-free KNN thin films can bridge a path for future high-density memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Pradhan
- Department of Physics, Materials Science Research Centre and Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Martando Rath
- Department of Physics, Materials Science Research Centre and Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Adrian David
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Universite, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Universite, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Wilfrid Prellier
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Universite, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - M S Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Physics, Materials Science Research Centre and Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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30
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Zheng Z, An J, Gong R, Zeng Y, Ye J, Yu L, Florea I, Roca i Cabarrocas P, Chen W. Coupled Investigation of Contact Potential and Microstructure Evolution of Ultra-Thin AlO x for Crystalline Si Passivation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11071803. [PMID: 34361189 PMCID: PMC8308321 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the same trends for the contact potential difference measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy and the effective carrier lifetime on crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers passivated by AlOx layers of different thicknesses and submitted to annealing under various conditions. The changes in contact potential difference values and in the effective carrier lifetimes of the wafers are discussed in view of structural changes of the c-Si/SiO2/AlOx interface thanks to high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Indeed, we observed the presence of a crystalline silicon oxide interfacial layer in as-deposited (200 °C) AlOx, and a phase transformation from crystalline to amorphous silicon oxide when they were annealed in vacuum at 300 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.Z.); (J.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Junyang An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.Z.); (J.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Ruiling Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.Z.); (J.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Yuheng Zeng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronics Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
| | - Ileana Florea
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (I.F.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Pere Roca i Cabarrocas
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (I.F.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Wanghua Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.Z.); (J.A.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Kikunaga K. System for Visualizing Surface Potential Distribution to Eliminate Electrostatic Charge. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:4397. [PMID: 34199015 DOI: 10.3390/s21134397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of positive and negative static charges exists in the same plane on an insulator surface, and this can cause production quality problems at manufacturing sites. This study developed a system with a vibration array sensor to rapidly measure the surface potential distribution of an object in a non-contact and non-destructive manner and with a high spatial resolution of 1 mm. The measurement accuracy differed greatly depending on the scanning speed of the array sensor, and an optimum scanning speed of 10 mm/s enabled rapid measurements (within <3 s) of the surface potential distribution of a charged insulator (area of 30 mm × 30 mm) with an accuracy of 15%. The relationship between charge and dust on the surface was clarified to easily visualize the uneven static charges present on it and thereby eliminate static electricity.
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32
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Yang K, Chen W, Zhao Y, He Y, Chen X, Du B, Yang W, Zhang S, Fu Y. Enhancing Dielectric Strength of Epoxy Polymers by Constructing Interface Charge Traps. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25850-25857. [PMID: 34037374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy polymer-based dielectric materials play a crucial role in advanced electronic devices and power equipment. However, high voltage-stress applications impose stringent requirements, such as a high dielectric strength, on epoxy polymers. Previously reported studies have shown promising material architectures in the form of epoxy polymer-nanoparticle dielectrics, which can restrict the movement of high-energy electrons by the interface charge traps associated with the various interfacial regions. However, these high-energy electrons inevitably traverse the epoxy polymer matrix and destroy the molecular structure, thereby creating a weak link for dielectric breakdown. In this study, a general strategy is developed to improve the dielectric strength by constructing interface charge traps in the molecular structure of the epoxy polymer matrix, using the -CF3 group in partial replacement of the -CH3 group. The proposed strategy increases the dielectric strength (39.5 kV mm-1) and surface breakdown voltage (26.9 kV) of the epoxy polymer matrix by 22.08% and 13.3%, respectively, because the interface charge trap hinders the movement of high-energy electrons. At the same time, the strategy does not degrade the mechanical and thermal properties. The results hold potential for wide application in the manufacturing of advanced future electrical and electronic equipment requiring resilience to high-voltage stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | | | - Yushun Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yu He
- Shanghai Xrun Resin Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201801, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Fu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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33
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Wang C, Jin H, Zhao Y. Surface Potential Regulation Realizing Stable Sodium/Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 Interface for Room-Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries. Small 2021; 17:e2100974. [PMID: 33909346 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic Na3 Zr2 Si2 PO12 is prospective with a high ionic conductivity but suffers large interfacial resistance and stability issues against sodium metal, hindering its practical application in all-solid-state sodium batteries. A surface potential regulation strategy is adopted to address these issues. Na3 Zr2 Si2 PO12 (NZSP) ceramic with homogeneously-sintered surface is synthesized by a simple two-step sintering method to promote its uniform surface potential, which is favorable for mitigating the potential fluctuations at the interface against Na metal and enhancing interfacial compatibility. The Na/NZSP interface can be stabilized for over 4 months with a low interfacial resistance of 129 Ω cm2 at 25 °C. The symmetrical Na/NZSP/Na cell exhibits ultra-stable sodium platting/stripping cycling for over 1000 cycles under 0.1 mA cm-2 . Superior interfacial performance is well retained even under 0.2 mA cm-2 at room temperature. The robust interface is further signified by its excellence under higher current densities of up to 0.85 mA cm-2 at 60 °C. A 4 V all-solid-state Na3 V1.5 Cr0.5 (PO4 )3 /NZSP/Na metal battery is demonstrated at ambient conditions, which exhibits superior rate capability and delivers a high reversible capacity of 103 mA h g-1 under 100 mA g-1 for over 400 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of over 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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34
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Ura D, Knapczyk-Korczak J, Szewczyk PK, Sroczyk EA, Busolo T, Marzec MM, Bernasik A, Kar-Narayan S, Stachewicz U. Surface Potential Driven Water Harvesting from Fog. ACS Nano 2021; 15:8848-8859. [PMID: 33900735 PMCID: PMC8158858 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean water is a global challenge, and fog collectors are a promising solution. Polycarbonate (PC) fibers have been used in fog collectors but with limited efficiency. In this study, we show that controlling voltage polarity and humidity during the electrospinning of PC fibers improves their surface properties for water collection capability. We experimentally measured the effect of both the surface morphology and the chemistry of PC fiber on their surface potential and mechanical properties in relation to the water collection efficiency from fog. PC fibers produced at high humidity and with negative voltage polarity show a superior water collection rate combined with the highest tensile strength. We proved that electric potential on surface and morphology are crucial, as often designed by nature, for enhancing the water collection capabilities via the single-step production of fibers without any postprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
P. Ura
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr K. Szewczyk
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa A. Sroczyk
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tommaso Busolo
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, CB3 0FS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz M. Marzec
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, CB3 0FS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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35
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Wang X, Li Y, Ren W, Hou R, Liu H, Li R, Du S, Wang L, Liu J. PEI-modified diatomite/chitosan composites as bone tissue engineering scaffold for sustained release of BMP-2. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2021; 32:1337-1355. [PMID: 33858302 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1916868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone healing defects resulting from bone disease remain a significant clinical challenge. The bone tissue engineering scaffolds combined with osteoinductive compounds represent an effective approach to overcome this challenge. In this study, a novel chitosan-based scaffold was prepared by incorporating modified natural diatomite (DE) as filler and adsorption element. Specifically, modified-diatomite (MDE) was synthesized by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the surface of diatomite via hydroxyl groups. The physicochemical characteristics of MDE, including chemical composition, zeta potential, and adsorption behavior, were investigated successively. Further, the mechanical strength, drug release, cytotoxicity and osteogenic activity analyses were carried out for the scaffold material. The FTIR and zeta potential analyses exhibited that the amino groups (-NH2) were grafted on MDE, and the surface potential of diatomite altered from -24 mV to 55 mV. Subsequently, the protein adsorption capacity and cytocompatibility of MDE were observed to be improved as compared to DE. The compressive strength was observed to be enhanced due to the addition of MDE. Besides, the composite scaffold loaded with rhBMP-2 demonstrated a more positive impact on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the bone mesenchymal stem cells, thus, indicating an optimal bone regeneration capacity. The findings obtained in this study reveal that the MDE-rhBMP-2/CS composite scaffold can be potentially used to promote the bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yufang Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Ren
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruxia Hou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ran Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shouji Du
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
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36
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Muravev A, Yakupov A, Gerasimova T, Nugmanov R, Trushina E, Babaeva O, Nizameeva G, Syakaev V, Katsyuba S, Selektor S, Solovieva S, Antipin I. Switching Ion Binding Selectivity of Thiacalix[4]arene Monocrowns at Liquid-Liquid and 2D-Confined Interfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3535. [PMID: 33805474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of ions with organic receptors in confined space is of fundamental importance and could advance nanoelectronics and sensor design. In this work, metal ion complexation of conformationally varied thiacalix[4]monocrowns bearing lower-rim hydroxy (type I), dodecyloxy (type II), or methoxy (type III) fragments was evaluated. At the liquid–liquid interface, alkylated thiacalixcrowns-5(6) selectively extract alkali metal ions according to the induced-fit concept, whereas crown-4 receptors were ineffective due to distortion of the crown-ether cavity, as predicted by quantum-chemical calculations. In type-I ligands, alkali-metal ion extraction by the solvent-accessible crown-ether cavity was prevented, which resulted in competitive Ag+ extraction by sulfide bridges. Surprisingly, amphiphilic type-I/II conjugates moderately extracted other metal ions, which was attributed to calixarene aggregation in salt aqueous phase and supported by dynamic light scattering measurements. Cation–monolayer interactions at the air–water interface were monitored by surface pressure/potential measurements and UV/visible reflection–absorption spectroscopy. Topology-varied selectivity was evidenced, towards Sr2+ (crown-4), K+ (crown-5), and Ag+ (crown-6) in type-I receptors and Na+ (crown-4), Ca2+ (crown-5), and Cs+ (crown-6) in type-II receptors. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic absorption spectroscopy revealed exocyclic coordination in type-I ligands and cation–π interactions in type-II ligands.
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37
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Kim JH, Park SJ, Han JW, Ahn JH. Surface Potential-Controlled Oscillation in FET-Based Biosensors. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21061939. [PMID: 33801968 PMCID: PMC8061884 DOI: 10.3390/s21061939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have garnered significant attention for their label-free electrical detection of charged biomolecules. Whereas conventional output parameters such as threshold voltage and channel current have been widely used for the detection and quantitation of analytes of interest, they require bulky instruments and specialized readout circuits, which often limit point-of-care testing applications. In this study, we demonstrate a simple conversion method that transforms the surface potential into an oscillating signal as an output of the FET-based biosensor. The oscillation frequency is proposed as a parameter for FET-based biosensors owing to its intrinsic advantages of simple and compact implementation of readout circuits as well as high compatibility with neuromorphic applications. An extended-gate biosensor comprising an Al2O3-deposited sensing electrode and a readout transistor is connected to a ring oscillator that generates surface potential-controlled oscillation for pH sensing. Electrical measurement of the oscillation frequency as a function of pH reveals that the oscillation frequency can be used as a sensitive and reliable output parameter in FET-based biosensors for the detection of chemical and biological species. We confirmed that the oscillation frequency is directly correlated with the threshold voltage. For signal amplification, the effects of circuit parameters on pH sensitivity are investigated using different methods, including electrical measurements, analytical calculations, and circuit simulations. An Arduino board to measure the oscillation frequency is integrated with the proposed sensor to enable portable and real-time pH measurement for point-of-care testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.H.K.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Seong Jun Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.H.K.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Jin-Woo Han
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA;
| | - Jae-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence:
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38
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Li WQ, Qian J. Self-consistent charging of PMMA thin film induced by a penetrating electron beam in electron microscopy. J Microsc 2021; 282:175-188. [PMID: 33616941 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The charging of the polymer thin film irradiated by penetrating electron beam (e-beam) is investigated, in parallel with the numerical simulation and experiment. The simulation is performed by combining scattering, drift, diffusion, trapping and recombination. Results show that, due to the electron emission the net charge near the surface is distribution positively, but negatively inside the film because of low electron mobility. The surface potential is positive near surface and accordingly forces some of secondary electrons to return surface. As irradiation proceeds, currents flowing into and out of the film can tend to equilibrium. In the equilibrium state, with increasing beam energy, the surface potential and the efficient emission current decrease, and the electron beam-induced current and the transmission current tend to zero and the beam current valuable, respectively. E-beams of 10-30 keV cause positive charging on PMMA film of 2 µm, which means the high-energy e-beam can effectively discharge a thin film that has been charged negatively by irradiation with low-energy e-beam. With the increase of the film thickness from 1 to 3 µm, the positive surface potential and the emission current decreases and increases, respectively, and the transmission current tends to zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qin Li
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Image Processing Laboratory, Xi'an Research Institute of Applied Optics, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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39
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Rahman S, Liu B, Wang B, Tang Y, Lu Y. Giant Photoluminescence Enhancement and Resonant Charge Transfer in Atomically Thin Two-Dimensional Cr 2Ge 2Te 6/WS 2 Heterostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:7423-7433. [PMID: 33535756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors with transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) monolayers can significantly engineer the light-matter interactions and provide a promising platform for enhanced excitonic systems with artificially tailored band alignments. Here, we report the fabrication of heterostructures with monolayer WS2 on 2D Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT), which displayed giant photoluminescence enhancement at specific CGT layer numbers. The highly enhanced quantum yield obtained can be explained by novel photoexcited carrier dynamics, facilitated by alternate relaxation channels, resulting in resonance charge transfer at the heterointerface. 2D CGT revealed a strongly layer-dependent work function (up to ∼750 meV), which greatly modulates the band positioning in the heterostructure. These heterostructures conceived both type I and type II band alignments, which are verified by Kelvin probe force microscopy and PL measurements. In addition to layer modulation, we uncover temperature and power dependence of the resonance charge transfer in the multilayer heterostructure. Our findings provide further insights into the ultrafast charge dynamics occurring at the atomic interfaces. The results may pave the way for novel optoelectronics based on van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharidya Rahman
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Bowen Wang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Yilin Tang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
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40
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Wang J, Chen Z, You S, Bakeroot B, Liu J, Decoutere S. Surface-Potential-Based Compact Modeling of p-GaN Gate HEMTs. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:199. [PMID: 33671856 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a surface potential (SP)-based compact model of p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) which solves the Poisson equation. The model includes all possible charges in the GaN channel layer, including the unintended Mg doping density caused by out-diffusion. The SP equation and its analytical approximate solution provide a high degree of accuracy for the SP calculation, from which the closed-form I–V equations are derived. The proposed model uses physical parameters only and is implemented in Verilog-A code.
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41
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Karade V, Choi E, Gang MG, Yoo H, Lokhande A, Babar P, Jang JS, Seidel J, Yun JS, Park J, Kim JH. Achieving Low VOC-deficit Characteristics in Cu 2ZnSn(S,Se) 4 Solar Cells through Improved Carrier Separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:429-437. [PMID: 33393763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kesterite-based thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) have recently gained significant attention in the photovoltaic (PV) sector for their elemental earth abundance and low toxicity. An inclusive study from the past reveals basic knowledge about the grain boundary (GB) and grain interior (GI) interface. However, the compositional dependency of the surface potential within GBs and GIs remains unclear. The present work provides insights into the surface potential of the bulk and GB interfaces. The tin (Sn) composition is sensitive to the absorber morphology, and therefore, it significantly impacts absorber and device properties. The absorber morphology improves with the formation of larger grains as the Sn content increases. Additionally, the presence of Sn(S,Se)2 and increased [ZnCu + VCu] A-type defect cluster density are observed, validated through Raman analysis. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis reveals the altered distribution of sulfur (S) and sodium (Na) with higher near-surface accumulation. The synergistic outcome of the increased density of defects and the accumulation of S near the interface provides a larger GB and GI difference and expedites carrier separation improvement. Consequently, at an optimum compositional ratio of Cu/(Zn+Sn) = ∼0.6, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is significantly improved from 6.42 to 11.04% with a record open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit of 537 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Karade
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Myeng Gil Gang
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Soctra Co. Ltd., 322, Tera Tower, 167, Songpa-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Yoo
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek Lokhande
- Applied Quantum Materials Laboratory (AQML), Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pravin Babar
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Jang
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jae Sung Yun
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jongsung Park
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Solar Energy R&D Department, Green Energy Institute, Mokpo 58656, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyeok Kim
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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42
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Unruh C, Van Bavel N, Anikovskiy M, Prenner EJ. Benefits and Detriments of Gadolinium from Medical Advances to Health and Ecological Risks. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235762. [PMID: 33297578 PMCID: PMC7730697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-containing chelates have been established as diagnostics tools. However, extensive use in magnetic resonance imaging has led to increased Gd levels in industrialized parts of the world, adding to natural occurrence and causing environmental and health concerns. A vast amount of data shows that metal may accumulate in the human body and its deposition has been detected in organs such as brain and liver. Moreover, the disease nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has been linked to increased Gd3+ levels. Investigation of Gd3+ effects at the cellular and molecular levels mostly revolves around calcium-dependent proteins, since Gd3+ competes with calcium due to their similar size; other reports focus on interaction of Gd3+ with nucleic acids and carbohydrates. However, little is known about Gd3+ effects on membranes; yet some results suggest that Gd3+ interacts strongly with biologically-relevant lipids (e.g., brain membrane constituents) and causes serious structural changes including enhanced membrane rigidity and propensity for lipid fusion and aggregation at much lower concentrations than other ions, both toxic and essential. This review surveys the impact of the anthropogenic use of Gd emphasizing health risks and discussing debilitating effects of Gd3+ on cell membrane organization that may lead to deleterious health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Unruh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.U.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Nicolas Van Bavel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.U.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Elmar J. Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.U.); (N.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.J.P.)
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43
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Shi Y, Beck TL. Absolute ion hydration free energy scale and the surface potential of water via quantum simulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30151-8. [PMID: 33203676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017214117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With a goal of determining an absolute free energy scale for ion hydration, quasi-chemical theory and ab initio quantum mechanical simulations are employed to obtain an accurate value for the bulk hydration free energy of the Na+ ion. The free energy is partitioned into three parts: 1) the inner-shell or chemical contribution that includes direct interactions of the ion with nearby waters, 2) the packing free energy that is the work to produce a cavity of size λ in water, and 3) the long-range contribution that involves all interactions outside the inner shell. The interfacial potential contribution to the free energy resides in the long-range term. By averaging cation and anion data for that contribution, cumulant terms of all odd orders in the electrostatic potential are removed. The computed total is then the bulk hydration free energy. Comparison with the experimentally derived real hydration free energy produces an effective surface potential of water in the range -0.4 to -0.5 V. The result is consistent with a variety of experiments concerning acid-base chemistry, ion distributions near hydrophobic interfaces, and electric fields near the surface of water droplets.
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44
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Wolf NR, Yuan X, Hassani H, Milos F, Mayer D, Breuer U, Offenhäusser A, Wördenweber R. Surface Functionalization of Platinum Electrodes with APTES for Bioelectronic Applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:7113-7121. [PMID: 35019371 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interface between electronic components and biological objects plays a crucial role in the success of bioelectronic devices. Since the electronics typically include different elements such as an insulating substrate in combination with conducting electrodes, an important issue of bioelectronics involves tailoring and optimizing the interface for any envisioned applications. In this paper, we present a method for functionalizing insulating substrates (SiO2) and metallic electrodes (Pt) simultaneously with a stable monolayer of organic molecules ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)). This monolayer is characterized by high molecule density, long-term stability, and positive surface net charge and most likely represents a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). It facilitates the conversion of biounfriendly Pt surfaces into biocompatible surfaces, which allows cell growth (neurons) on both functionalized components, SiO2 and Pt, which is comparable to that of reference samples coated with poly-L-lysine (PLL). Moreover, the functionalization greatly improves the electronic cell-chip coupling, thereby enabling the recording of action potential signals of several millivolts at APTES-functionalized Pt electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus R Wolf
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Yuan
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hossein Hassani
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frano Milos
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Breuer
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics-Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roger Wördenweber
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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45
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Xu C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Jin Y, Wen L, Sun D. Influence of Laser-Welding on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4315. [PMID: 32998230 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of welding speed on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties of laser-assisted welded joints of a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, electrochemical test, and micro-area scanning Kelvin probe test (SKP). The results reveal that the welded joints, with a fully austenitic structure, are obtained by laser welding. In addition, the preferred orientation of grains in fusion zone (FZ) increased with the increase of welding speed. Additionally, the coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries of FZ decreased with increasing welding speed. However, potentiodynamic polarization and SKP results demonstrated that the welding speed of 1.5 m/min renders superior corrosion resistance. It can also be inferred that the corrosion properties of the welded joints are related to the grain size and frequency of CSL grain boundary in FZ.
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46
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Guo WZ, Hu FN, Tan TT, Ma RT, Liu JF, Li Z, Zhao SW. [Effects of soil surface electric field on aggregates breakdown and water erosion in black soil region of Northeast China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:2644-2652. [PMID: 34494787 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through quantitatively adjust soil electric field, we investigated the effect of soil electric field on aggregate stability and soil erosion in black soil region of Northeast China with the experiments of wet sieving and rainfall simulation. Results showed that: 1) Soil surface potential absolute value and electric field strength increased with the decreases of electrolyte concentration in bulk solution. Soil electric field strength could reach to 108 V·m-1. 2) With the increase of soil electric field strength, the degree of fragmentation of soil aggregates increased and the mean weight diameter (MWD) decreased sharply first and then kept constant. 3) With decreasing electrolyte concentration and increasing surface potential, the amount of soil loss increased. As the electrolyte concentration was <0.01 mol·L-1, the corresponding soil surface potential was > 210 and 209 mV for Bin-xian and Keshan, respectively, the cumulative amounts of soil loss with rainfall time almost overlapped, suggesting that the electrolyte concentration of 0.01 mol·L-1 was the threshold for soil erosion. 4) There was a linear relationship between soil cumulative loss and MWD. Our results indicated that soil electric field strength increased as the rain enters into the soil, which could induce soil aggregate breakdown and release amounts of fine soil particles. Finally, soil erosion occurred under the driving of flowing water. Our results provided insights into the mechanism underlying soil erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei-Nan Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao-Tao Tan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ren-Tian Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Fang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Wei Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Jakob DS, Wang H, Zeng G, Otzen DE, Yan Y, Xu XG. Peak Force Infrared-Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16083-16090. [PMID: 32463936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Correlative scanning probe microscopy of chemical identity, surface potential, and mechanical properties provide insight into the structure-function relationships of nanomaterials. However, simultaneous measurement with comparable and high resolution is a challenge. We seamlessly integrated nanoscale photothermal infrared imaging with Coulomb force detection to form peak force infrared-Kelvin probe force microscopy (PFIR-KPFM), which enables simultaneous nanomapping of infrared absorption, surface potential, and mechanical properties with approximately 10 nm spatial resolution in a single-pass scan. MAPbBr3 perovskite crystals of different degradation pathways were studied in situ. Nanoscale charge accumulations were observed in MAPbBr3 near the boundary to PbBr2 . PFIR-KPFM also revealed correlations between residual charges and secondary conformation in amyloid fibrils. PFIR-KPFM is applicable to other heterogeneous materials at the nanoscale for correlative multimodal characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon S Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Guanghong Zeng
- DFM A/S, Danish National Metrology Institute, Kogle Alle 5, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wields Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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48
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Chen S, Dong H, Yang J. Surface Potential/Charge Sensing Techniques and Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1690. [PMID: 32197397 PMCID: PMC7146636 DOI: 10.3390/s20061690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface potential and surface charge sensing techniques have attracted a wide range of research interest in recent decades. With the development and optimization of detection technologies, especially nanosensors, new mechanisms and techniques are emerging. This review discusses various surface potential sensing techniques, including Kelvin probe force microscopy and chemical field-effect transistor sensors for surface potential sensing, nanopore sensors for surface charge sensing, zeta potentiometer and optical detection technologies for zeta potential detection, for applications in material property, metal ion and molecule studies. The mechanisms and optimization methods for each method are discussed and summarized, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of different techniques and experimental guidance for applications in surface potential-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (H.D.); (J.Y.)
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49
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McKibbin S, Colvin J, Troian A, Knutsson JV, Webb JL, Otnes G, Dirscherl K, Sezen H, Amati M, Gregoratti L, Borgström MT, Mikkelsen A, Timm R. Operando Surface Characterization of InP Nanowire p-n Junctions. Nano Lett 2020; 20:887-895. [PMID: 31891513 PMCID: PMC7025757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-depth analysis of the surface band alignment and local potential distribution of InP nanowires containing a p-n junction using scanning probe and photoelectron microscopy techniques. The depletion region is localized to a 15 nm thin surface region by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and an electronic shift of up to 0.5 eV between the n- and p-doped nanowire segments was observed and confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Scanning photoelectron microscopy then allowed us to measure the intrinsic chemical shift of the In 3d, In 4d, and P 2p core level spectra along the nanowire and the effect of operating the nanowire diode in forward and reverse bias on these shifts. Thanks to the high-resolution techniques utilized, we observe fluctuations in the potential and chemical energy of the surface along the nanowire in great detail, exposing the sensitive nature of nanodevices to small scale structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
R. McKibbin
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jovana Colvin
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Troian
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan V. Knutsson
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - James L. Webb
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gaute Otnes
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Dirscherl
- Danish
National Metrology Institute, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Hikmet Sezen
- Elettra
− Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. di Interesse Nazionale, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra
− Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. di Interesse Nazionale, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra
− Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. di Interesse Nazionale, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Anders Mikkelsen
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rainer Timm
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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50
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Zhang X, Yang C, Yang K. Contact Killing of Cu-Bearing Stainless Steel Based on Charge Transfer Caused by the Microdomain Potential Difference. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:361-372. [PMID: 31804793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of copper makes the Cu-bearing stainless steel (SS) possess excellent antibacterial properties. However, the antibacterial mechanism of the Cu-bearing SS is still not accurately understood and recognized. On the one hand, the concentration of released antibacterial Cu ions from its surface is insufficient to generate such an effect. On the other hand, due to the limited Cu content, the area of copper toxicity that can be contacted with bacteria is also much less than that of pure Cu. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the way of bacterial inactivation caused by Cu-bearing SS from the view of the charge transfer. The results showed that the continuous and effective contact between bacteria and Cu-bearing SS is the key to induce the bacteria-killing effect so that the cathode electrons generated by the potential difference of the material microdomain can cause the proton depletion in the bacterial cells, thereby disturbing the respiratory chain and energy generation of the bacterial cells. The proton depletion reaction also catalyzed the conversion of Cu(II) into Cu(I). Cu(I) not only destroys the iron-sulfur protein but also undergoes the redox reaction with Cu(II) to produce reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage to cells, eventually accelerating the bacterial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Shenyang 110016 , China
- Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
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