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Kuba Y, Nidaira M, Maeshiro N, Komase K, Kamiya H, Kyan H. Analysis of Suspected Measles Cases with Discrepant Measles-Specific IgM and rRT-PCR Test Results, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:926-933. [PMID: 38579738 PMCID: PMC11060445 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated clinically suspected measles cases that had discrepant real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) and measles-specific IgM test results to determine diagnoses. We performed rRT-PCR and measles-specific IgM testing on samples from 541 suspected measles cases. Of the 24 IgM-positive and rRT-PCR--negative cases, 20 were among children who received a measles-containing vaccine within the previous 6 months; most had low IgG relative avidity indexes (RAIs). The other 4 cases were among adults who had an unknown previous measles history, unknown vaccination status, and high RAIs. We detected viral nucleic acid for viruses other than measles in 15 (62.5%) of the 24 cases with discrepant rRT-PCR and IgM test results. Measles vaccination, measles history, and contact history should be considered in suspected measles cases with discrepant rRT-PCR and IgM test results. If in doubt, measles IgG avidity and PCR testing for other febrile exanthematous viruses can help confirm or refute the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan (Y. Kuba, M. Nidaira, N. Maeshiro, H. Kyan)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (K. Komase, H. Kamiya)
| | - Noriyuki Maeshiro
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan (Y. Kuba, M. Nidaira, N. Maeshiro, H. Kyan)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (K. Komase, H. Kamiya)
| | - Katsuhiro Komase
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan (Y. Kuba, M. Nidaira, N. Maeshiro, H. Kyan)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (K. Komase, H. Kamiya)
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan (Y. Kuba, M. Nidaira, N. Maeshiro, H. Kyan)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (K. Komase, H. Kamiya)
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan (Y. Kuba, M. Nidaira, N. Maeshiro, H. Kyan)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (K. Komase, H. Kamiya)
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Lustig Y, Canetti M, Indenbaum V, Peretz Y, Weiss-Ottolenghi Y, Margalit I, Asraf K, Levin T, Zuckerman N, Tomer E, Mandelboim M, Doolman R, Barda N, Regev-Yochay G. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Levels as Predictors of XBB Variant Neutralization, Israel, 2022- and 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1050-1052. [PMID: 38666742 PMCID: PMC11060444 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-XBB.1.5 variant is available worldwide and recent infection is protective, the lack of recorded infection data highlights the need to assess variant-specific antibody neutralization levels. We analyzed IgG levels against receptor-binding domain-specific SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain as a correlate for high neutralizing titers against XBB variants.
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Abenova M, Shaltynov A, Jamedinova U, Ospanov E, Semenova Y. The Association between Parental Child Vaccination Refusal Rate and the Impact of Mass Vaccination against COVID-19 in Kazakhstan: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis with Predictive Modelling of Nationwide Data Sources from 2013 to 2022. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:429. [PMID: 38675810 PMCID: PMC11054905 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite well-established evidence supporting vaccination efficacy in reducing morbidity and mortality among infants and children, there is a global challenge with an increasing number of childhood vaccination refusals. This issue has intensified, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to forecast mandatory childhood vaccination refusal trends in Kazakhstan until 2030, assessing the impact of mass COVID-19 vaccination on these rates. Utilizing annual official statistical data from 2013 to 2022 provided by the Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan, the study reveals a significant surge in refusals during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods, reaching record levels of 42,282 cases in 2021 and 44,180 cases in 2022. Notably, refusal rates sharply rose in specific regions, like Aktobe (13.9 times increase) and Atyrau (4.29 times increase), emphasizing the need for increased public healthcare attention in these areas. However, despite a decade of data, our forecasting analysis indicates a lack of volatility in childhood vaccine refusal trends for all vaccine types up to 2030, highlighting the statistical significance of the obtained results. The increasing trend in vaccine refusals underscores the necessity to enhance crisis response and support health initiatives, particularly in regions where a substantial rise in refusals has been observed in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Abenova
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.); (E.O.)
| | - Askhat Shaltynov
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.); (E.O.)
| | - Ulzhan Jamedinova
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.); (E.O.)
| | - Erlan Ospanov
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.); (E.O.)
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Dincă FI, Dimitriu BA, Săndulescu O, Sîrbu VD, Săndulescu M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dental Students from Romania Regarding Self-Perceived Risk and Prevention of Infectious Diseases. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:97. [PMID: 38668009 PMCID: PMC11049369 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
University education is a leading source of information for dental practitioners. Particular emphasis should be given to determining the extent to which students acquire positive knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and positive metacompetences beyond the scope of each studied dental discipline. We performed a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study among dentistry students from Romania to assess self-perceived risk of infectious diseases and their KAP on topics related to infectious disease prevention. The surveyed students presented good knowledge regarding personal protective equipment (PPE), and their PPE practices significantly correlated with the perceived usefulness of PPE. Only 45.1% correctly recognized all vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), but knowledge regarding VPDs significantly improved with increasing year of study (τb = 0.298, p = 0.001), confirming a positive education effect. Awareness regarding the need for screening for bloodborne viruses is poor; the majority of students had never performed a test for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) (59.4%) or for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (60.4%). Furthermore, most respondents incorrectly considered themselves at high or very high risk of acquiring BBV, and perceived risk was inversely correlated with willingness to treat patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (τb = -0.214, p = 0.018), HCV infection (τb = -0.234, p = 0.013), or HIV infection (τb = -0.242, p = 0.006). This led to 3.0% of respondents stating that they would hypothetically deny dental treatment to a patient with HBV infection, 5.0% for HCV infection, and 10.9% for HIV infection, the proportion being significantly higher for HIV (z = -2.2, p = 0.026). In conclusion, better knowledge is needed among dental students regarding their own vaccination history, screening for bloodborne viruses, accurate estimates for their risk of acquiring bloodborne viruses during routine dental practice, and the existence of post-exposure measures following occupational exposure. Improving student knowledge and awareness could translate into a higher willingness to treat patients with chronic viral infections and into a safer and more inclusive dental practice. We propose an adaptation to the university curriculum to cover these key areas for targeted focus to empower future dental practitioners and to facilitate the improvement of across-discipline metacompetences for infection prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Iuliana Dincă
- PhD Candidate, Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Alexandru Dimitriu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases I, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, No. 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Daniel Sîrbu
- Department of Implant-Prosthetic Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei, 020022 Bucharest, Romania (M.S.)
| | - Mihai Săndulescu
- Department of Implant-Prosthetic Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei, 020022 Bucharest, Romania (M.S.)
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Domingues CMAS, Safadi MAP, Espinal C, Trejo Varon R, Becerra-Posada F, Ospina-Henao S. Strategies for expanding childhood vaccination in the Americas following the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e29. [PMID: 38576845 PMCID: PMC10993818 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of the status of the childhood vaccination schedule in the Americas, outline program structures, and identify updated implementation strategies to improve vaccination coverage following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A group of experts in pediatrics, epidemiology, vaccines, and global and public health discussed the current status of the childhood vaccination schedule in the Americas, describing the program structure and identifying new implementation strategies that have the potential to improve vaccination coverage in the post-pandemic context, after the challenges COVID-19 presented for more than two years. Results The Americas currently face a high risk of resurgence of diseases that were previously controlled or eliminated. Therefore, it is important to find new strategies to educate citizens on the risks associated with lower vaccination rates, especially in children. Conclusions New strategies along with strong mobilization of the population and advocacy by citizens are necessary to prevent antivaccination groups from gaining a stronger presence in the region and jeopardizing the credibility of the Expanded Program on Immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Aurelio P. Safadi
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences (FCMSCSP)São PauloBrazilSanta Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences (FCMSCSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Espinal
- Florida International UniversityMiamiUnited States of AmericaFlorida International University, Miami, United States of America
| | - Ruby Trejo Varon
- Florida International UniversityMiamiUnited States of AmericaFlorida International University, Miami, United States of America
| | - Francisco Becerra-Posada
- Florida International UniversityMiamiUnited States of AmericaFlorida International University, Miami, United States of America
| | - Sebastián Ospina-Henao
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED)San JoséCosta RicaUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica
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Tantirat P, Chantarawichian Y, Taweewigyakarn P, Kripattanapong S, Jitpeera C, Doungngern P, Phiancharoen C, Tangwangvivat R, Hinjoy S, Sujariyakul A, Amornchai P, Wongsuvan G, Hantakun V, Wuthiekanun V, Thaipadungpanit J, Thomson NR, Dance DAB, Chewapreecha C, Batty EM, Limmathurotsakul D. Melioidosis in Patients with COVID-19 Exposed to Contaminated Tap Water, Thailand, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:791-794. [PMID: 38526300 PMCID: PMC10977828 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In September 2021, a total of 25 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 developed acute melioidosis after (median 7 days) admission to a COVID-19 field hospital in Thailand. Eight nonpotable tap water samples and 6 soil samples were culture-positive for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Genomic analysis suggested contaminated tap water as the likely cause of illness.
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Laryea-Adekimi F, D'Arcy J, Bardelli A, Mieuset A, Busmachiu V, Barbiros I, Meroueh F, Doltu S, Walsh N, Harriott P, Tavoschi L, Plugge E, Roselló A. RISE-Vac-Co-production of Vaccine Education Materials with Persons Living in Prison. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S56-S61. [PMID: 38561865 PMCID: PMC10986827 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing vaccination knowledge is effective in addressing hesitancy and is particularly important in populations deprived of liberty who may not routinely have access to health information, ensuring health equity. RISE-Vac is a European Union-funded project aiming to promote vaccine literacy, offer, and uptake in prisons in Europe. We consulted persons living in prisons in the United Kingdom (through the Prisoner Policy Network), France, and Moldova to determine their vaccination knowledge gaps, the information they would like to receive, and how they would like to receive it. We received 344 responses: 224 from the United Kingdom, 70 from France, and 50 from Moldova. Participants were particularly interested in learning about the effectiveness, side effects, and manufacturing of vaccines. Their responses guided the development of educational materials, including a brochure that will be piloted in prisons in Europe. Persons with experience of imprisonment were involved at every stage of this project.
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8
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Zarzeczny A, Kahar P. Vaccine Trends in Pakistan: A Review of Immunization Challenges and Setbacks Prompted by Inadequate Disaster Management. Cureus 2024; 16:e55357. [PMID: 38562365 PMCID: PMC10982083 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pakistan bears an incredible burden of vaccine-preventable diseases, and efforts to improve widespread immunization have been hindered by inadequate public health management following disasters and other health emergencies. Through a brief review of Pakistan's health system, an understanding of routine immunization challenges is sought based on the organizational changes made to the planning and delivery of immunization activities. Further, recent immunization trends of measles, polio, and tuberculosis are examined in correspondence to health emergencies prompted by climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. The national public health response to each disease is discussed, and insight is given to how the devolution of Pakistan's health system may have influenced the severity of each emergency. Focus is given to the potential immunization challenges and how they may impact future initiatives for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Although incidence rates suggest increased cases of certain vaccine-preventable diseases and disruptions of immunization activities following recent disasters, further studies may need to be conducted to establish a stronger understanding of the immunization trends noted within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payal Kahar
- Health Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
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9
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O’Brien SF, Deeks SL, Hatchette T, Pambrun C, Drews SJ. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Nova Scotia blood donors. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 2024; 9:32-45. [PMID: 38567363 PMCID: PMC10984316 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitors cumulative infection rates irrespective of case testing protocols. We aimed to describe Nova Scotia blood donor seroprevalence in relation to public health policy and reported data over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020 to August 2022). Methods Monthly random Nova Scotia blood donation samples (24,258 in total) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid) from May 2020 to August 2022, and vaccination antibodies (anti-spike) from January 2021 to August 2022. Multivariable logistic regression for infection antibodies and vaccination antibodies separately with month, age, sex, and racialization identified independent predictors. The provincial nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive case rate over the pandemic was calculated from publicly available data. Results Anti-N seroprevalence was 3.8% in January 2022, increasing to 50.8% in August 2022. The general population COVID-19 case rate was 3.5% in January 2022, increasing to 12.5% in August 2022. The percentage of NAAT-positive samples in public health laboratories increased from 1% in November 2021 to a peak of 30.7% in April 2022 with decreasing numbers of tests performed. Higher proportions of younger donors as well as Black, Indigenous, and racialized blood donors were more likely to have infection antibodies (p < 0.01). Vaccination antibodies increased to 100% over 2021, initially in older donors (60+ years), and followed by progressively younger age groups. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were relatively low in Nova Scotia until the more contagious Omicron variant dominated, after which about half of Nova Scotia donors had been infected despite most adults being vaccinated (although severity was much lower in vaccinated individuals). Most COVID-19 cases were detected by NAAT until Omicron arrived. When NAAT testing priorities focused on high-risk individuals, infection rates were better reflected by seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O’Brien
- Epidemiology & Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley L Deeks
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Todd Hatchette
- Division of Microbiology, Nova Scotia Health, Central Zone, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chantale Pambrun
- Medical Affairs & Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Eales O, Plank MJ, Cowling BJ, Howden BP, Kucharski AJ, Sullivan SG, Vandemaele K, Viboud C, Riley S, McCaw JM, Shearer FM. Key Challenges for Respiratory Virus Surveillance while Transitioning out of Acute Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:e230768. [PMID: 38190760 PMCID: PMC10826770 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.230768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To support the ongoing management of viral respiratory diseases while transitioning out of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries are moving toward an integrated model of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and other respiratory pathogens. Although many surveillance approaches catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic provide novel epidemiologic insight, continuing them as implemented during the pandemic is unlikely to be feasible for nonemergency surveillance, and many have already been scaled back. Furthermore, given anticipated cocirculation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, surveillance activities in place before the pandemic require review and adjustment to ensure their ongoing value for public health. In this report, we highlight key challenges for the development of integrated models of surveillance. We discuss the relative strengths and limitations of different surveillance practices and studies as well as their contribution to epidemiologic assessment, forecasting, and public health decision-making.
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Huang Y, Guo L, Li Y, Ren L, Nie J, Xu F, Huang T, Zhong J, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Mei S, Xiao Y, Wang X, Xu L, Guo F, Wang J. Residual Immunity from Smallpox Vaccination and Possible Protection from Mpox, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:321-324. [PMID: 38270156 PMCID: PMC10826747 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.230542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Among persons born in China before 1980 and tested for vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VVT), 28.7% (137/478) had neutralizing antibodies, 71.4% (25/35) had memory B-cell responses, and 65.7% (23/35) had memory T-cell responses to VVT. Because of cross-immunity between the viruses, these findings can help guide mpox vaccination strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tingxuan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Zhangling Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Yin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Yu Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Qiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Shan Mei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Yan Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Xinming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Liuhui Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
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12
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Lasagna A, Brunello A, Silvestris N, Pedrazzoli P, Di Maio M, Cinieri S. Italian oncologists and vaccinations against infectious diseases: Results of a survey of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology. Tumori 2024; 110:60-68. [PMID: 37586016 PMCID: PMC10851644 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231191547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer present a higher risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Recommended vaccinations are the most cost-effective measure to reduce the risk of transmission and related complications. Nevertheless, vaccination rates are inadequate. Oncologists have a central role in tailored vaccine communication to their patients. We present the results of a survey conducted by AIOM in 2022, focusing on the perception of the problem by oncologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous 31-item online questionnaire was shared on 15 September 2022 on the AIOM website. The objectives of this survey were to examine the perception of Italian oncologists on vaccine-preventable diseases and the main available vaccines, their attitude towards recommending vaccines and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on their habits regarding vaccine-preventable diseases. RESULTS Between September 2022 and January 2023, 114 medical oncologists (5% of the members) completed the anonymous questionnaire. At the first oncological visit, only 30% of respondents usually propose a vaccination schedule to all their patient, 41% do not usually discuss vaccinations at the first visit and 29% recommend vaccines exclusively to specific categories of patients. For 56% of respondents, patients are more aware of the benefits of vaccines, whereas 36% reported that patients are worried of receiving too many vaccines. CONCLUSION This is the first survey conducted among Italian oncologists to better understand the perception and attitudes towards the vaccination. It highlights the urgent issues of educating and training oncologists in vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine awareness and the need to build (or implement) a network of multidisciplinary collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angioletta Lasagna
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Brunello
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology Division and Breast Unit, Senatore Antonio Perrino Hospital, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
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13
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Takemura T, Ankhanbaatar U, Settypalli TBK, Purevtseren D, Shura G, Damdinjav B, Ben Ali HOA, Dundon WG, Cattoli G, Lamien CE. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Beaver Farm, Mongolia, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:391-394. [PMID: 38270179 PMCID: PMC10826759 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an outbreak of COVID-19 in a beaver farm in Mongolia in 2021. Genomic characterization revealed a unique combination of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 of the infected beavers. Based on these findings, increased surveillance of farmed beavers should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - Dulam Purevtseren
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - Gansukh Shura
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - Batchuluun Damdinjav
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - Hatem Ouled Ahmed Ben Ali
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - William G Dundon
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
| | - Charles E. Lamien
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria (T. Takemura, T.B.K. Settypalli, H.O.A.B. Ali, W.G. Dundon, G. Cattoli, C.E. Lamien)
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia (U. Ankhanbaatar, D. Purevtseren, G. Shura, B. Damdinjav)
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14
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Pearce R, Chen J, Chin KL, Guignard A, Latorre LA, MacIntyre CR, Schoeninger B, Shantakumar S. Population-Based Study of Pertussis Incidence and Risk Factors among Persons >50 Years of Age, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:105-115. [PMID: 38146987 PMCID: PMC10756356 DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.230261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite vaccination programs, pertussis has been poorly controlled, especially among older adults in Australia. This longitudinal, retrospective, observational study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors of pertussis among persons ≥50 years of age in Australia in the primary care setting, including those with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. We used the IQVIA general practitioner electronic medical record database to identify patients ≥50 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of pertussis during 2015-2019. Pertussis incidence rates ranged from 57.6 to 91.4 per 100,000 persons and were higher among women and highest in those 50-64 years of age. Patients with COPD or asthma had higher incidence rates and an increased risk for pertussis compared with the overall population ≥50 years of age. Our findings suggest that persons ≥50 years of age in Australia with COPD or asthma have a higher incidence of and risk for pertussis diagnosis.
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15
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Zviedrite N, Jahan F, Moreland S, Ahmed F, Uzicanin A. COVID-19-Related School Closures, United States, July 27, 2020-June 30, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:58-69. [PMID: 38086396 PMCID: PMC10756369 DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.231215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of a multiyear project that monitored illness-related school closures, we conducted systematic daily online searches during July 27, 2020-June 30, 2022, to identify public announcements of COVID-19-related school closures (COVID-SCs) in the United States lasting >1 day. We explored the temporospatial patterns of COVID-SCs and analyzed associations between COVID-SCs and national COVID-19 surveillance data. COVID-SCs reflected national surveillance data: correlation was highest between COVID-SCs and both new PCR test positivity (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.84) and new cases (r = 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.83) during 2020-21 and with hospitalization rates among all ages (r = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.89) during 2021-22. The numbers of reactive COVID-SCs during 2020-21 and 2021-22 greatly exceeded previously observed numbers of illness-related reactive school closures in the United States, notably being nearly 5-fold greater than reactive closures observed during the 2009 influenza (H1N1) pandemic.
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16
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Arzilli G, Stacchini L, Casigliani V, Mazzilli S, Aquino F, Oradini-Alacreu A, Bruni B, Quattrone F, Papini F, Sironi D, Porretta AD, Privitera GP, Rizzo C, Tavoschi L, Lopalco PL. Assessing vaccine hesitancy and health literacy using a new Italian vaccine confidence index and a modified Italian medical term recognition test: A cross-sectional survey on Italian parents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2271765. [PMID: 37906161 PMCID: PMC10760377 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2271765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in children's vaccination coverage and the resurgence of preventable infectious diseases draw attention to parents' vaccine hesitancy. Our study introduces two validated tools to independently assess vaccine hesitancy and health literacy among parents with school-age children. We developed a Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) from 10 Likert items, exploring their relationships through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We modified the IMETER (Italian medical term recognition test) to measure health literacy. We assessed the internal consistency of the modified IMETER and the 10 Likert items using Cronbach's alpha test (α) and McDonald's omega total coefficient (ω) with good results (ω = 0.92, α = 0.90; ω = 0.87, α = 0.82 respectively). We used these tools within a questionnaire conducted on 743 parents recruited from pediatric clinic waiting rooms in Italy, collecting demographic data, information sources on vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases knowledge. The VCI resulting from factor analyses consisted of six items on a ten-point Likert scale, reflecting the ratio of positive to negative items. The survey revealed significant variations in the VCI according to individual features such as education, use of social networks, or Health institutions as sources of information. Multivariate logistic regression identified an association between vaccine intention and the VCI. Health literacy was functional for 91.2% of participants, but knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases was generally low. The VCI showed no significant association with health literacy and vaccine-preventable diseases knowledge. The VCI and the modified IMETER effectively assess vaccination attitude and health literacy, offering valuable public health tools for tailoring vaccination campaigns to hesitant population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Arzilli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stacchini
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Casigliani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Aquino
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Versilia, Italy
| | - Aurea Oradini-Alacreu
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bruni
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Versilia, Italy
| | - Filippo Quattrone
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Papini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Sironi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Davide Porretta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Tavoschi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Andreis TF, Cantarelli VV, da Silva MB, Helfer MS, Brust FR, Zavascki AP. Substantial Diversity in Cocirculating Omicron Lineages in Hospital Setting, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2583-2586. [PMID: 37966098 PMCID: PMC10683828 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.230880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe substantial variant diversity among 23 detected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage viruses cocirculating among healthcare workers and inpatients (272 sequenced samples) from Porto Alegre, Brazil, during November 2022-January 2023. BQ.1 and related lineages (61.4%) were most common, followed by BE.9 (19.1%), first described in November 2022 in the Amazon region.
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18
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Rhoda DA, Cutts FT, Agócs M, Brustrom J, Trimner MK, Clary CB, Clark K, Koffi D, Manibaruta JC, Sowe A, Gunnala R, Ogbuanu IU, Gacic-Dobo M, Danovaro-Holliday MC. A Practical Guide to Pilot Testing Community-Based Vaccination Coverage Surveys. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1773. [PMID: 38140178 PMCID: PMC10748182 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pilot testing is crucial when preparing any community-based vaccination coverage survey. In this paper, we use the term pilot test to mean informative work conducted before a survey protocol has been finalized for the purpose of guiding decisions about how the work will be conducted. We summarize findings from seven pilot tests and provide practical guidance for piloting similar studies. We selected these particular pilots because they are excellent models of preliminary efforts that informed the refinement of data collection protocols and instruments. We recommend survey coordinators devote time and budget to identify aspects of the protocol where testing could mitigate project risk and ensure timely assessment yields, credible estimates of vaccination coverage and related indicators. We list specific items that may benefit from pilot work and provide guidance on how to prioritize what to pilot test when resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A. Rhoda
- Biostat Global Consulting, 330 Blandford Drive, Worthington, OH 43085, USA
| | - Felicity T. Cutts
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mary Agócs
- American Red Cross, 431 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA
| | - Jennifer Brustrom
- Biostat Global Consulting, 330 Blandford Drive, Worthington, OH 43085, USA
| | - Mary Kay Trimner
- Biostat Global Consulting, 330 Blandford Drive, Worthington, OH 43085, USA
| | - Caitlin B. Clary
- Biostat Global Consulting, 330 Blandford Drive, Worthington, OH 43085, USA
| | - Kathleen Clark
- American Red Cross, 431 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA
| | - David Koffi
- Cabinet d’Appui au Développement Sanitaire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jean Claude Manibaruta
- Burundi Country Office, World Health Organization, Boulevard de I’Uprona-Rohero II, Bujumbura P.O. Box 1450, Burundi
| | - Alieu Sowe
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The Quadrangle, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Rajni Gunnala
- US Indian Health Services Area Office, Indian Health Service, 40 N Central Ave #600, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ikechukwu U. Ogbuanu
- Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network, Crown Agents in Sierra Leone, 28 Bathurst Street, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Marta Gacic-Dobo
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Allison LE, Alhaffar M, Checchi F, Abdelmagid N, Nor B, Sabahelzain MM, Light PM, Singh NS. A Systematic Review of Vaccination Guidance for Humanitarian Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1743. [PMID: 38140148 PMCID: PMC10747938 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering vaccines in humanitarian response requires rigourous and continuous analysis of evidence. This systematic review mapped the normative landscape of vaccination guidance on vaccine-preventable diseases in crisis-affected settings. Guidance published between 2000 and 2022 was searched for, in English and French, on websites of humanitarian actors, Google, and Bing. Peer-reviewed database searches were performed in Global Health and Embase. Reference lists of all included documents were screened. We disseminated an online survey to professionals working in vaccination delivery in humanitarian contexts. There was a total of 48 eligible guidance documents, including technical guidance (n = 17), descriptive guidance (n = 16), operational guidance (n = 11), evidence reviews (n = 3), and ethical guidance (n = 1). Most were World Health Organization documents (n = 21) targeting children under 5 years of age. Critical appraisal revealed insufficient inclusion of affected populations and limited rigour in guideline development. We found limited information on vaccines including, yellow fever, cholera, meningococcal, hepatitis A, and varicella, as well as human papilloma virus (HPV). There is a plethora of vaccination guidance for vaccine-preventable diseases in humanitarian contexts. However, gaps remain in the critical and systematic inclusion of evidence, inclusion of the concept of "zero-dose" children and affected populations, ethical guidance, and specific recommendations for HPV and non-universally recommended vaccines, which must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Allison
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (L.E.A.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (N.A.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Mervat Alhaffar
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (L.E.A.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (N.A.); (P.M.L.)
- Syria Research Group, Co-Hosted between London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK and National University of Singapore Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Francesco Checchi
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (L.E.A.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (N.A.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Nada Abdelmagid
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (L.E.A.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (N.A.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Barni Nor
- Department of Women’s Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Majdi M. Sabahelzain
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Page M. Light
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (L.E.A.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (N.A.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Neha S. Singh
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Palmieri IGS, de Lima LV, Pavinati G, Silva JAP, Marcon SS, Sato APS, Magnabosco GT. Vaccination coverage of triple viral and poliomyelitis in Brazil, 2011-2021: temporal trend and spatial dependency. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2023; 26:e230047. [PMID: 37878834 PMCID: PMC10599256 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the coverage of MMR and polio vaccines, the temporal trend and spatial dependence, in children up to one year of age in Brazil, between 2011 and 2021. METHODS Ecological study with secondary data on vaccination coverage rates, made available by the National Immunization Program Information System. Trend analysis was carried out using the joinpoint method, according to geographic regions, estimating the annual percentage change (APC) and its respective confidence interval (95%CI). Choropleth maps of distribution by health region were constructed and, subsequently, the spatial dependence was verified using Moran's statistics. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2021, vaccination coverage declined in Brazil, both for MMR (APC: -6.4%; 95%CI -9.0; -3.8) and for poliomyelitis (APC: -4. 5%; 95%CI -5.5; -3.6). There was a decline in coverage of both vaccines in all geographic regions over the years of the study, except in the South and Midwest for the MMR vaccine. Since 2015, few health regions in the country have achieved adequate vaccination coverage (≥95.0% to <120.0%). The North and Northeast health regions showed low-low clusters in the univariate analysis for both immunobiological. CONCLUSIONS It is urgent to consider studies like this one for the planning of more effective strategies for immunizing children, especially in areas with higher falls. In this way, barriers to access to immunization can be broken, given Brazil's heterogeneity, and access to reliable information that increases confidence in vaccine efficacy can be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Pavinati
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Graduate Program in Nursing – Maringá (PR), Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Silva Marcon
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Graduate Program in Nursing – Maringá (PR), Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sayuri Sato
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Kim CL, Agampodi S, Marks F, Kim JH, Excler JL. Mitigating the effects of climate change on human health with vaccines and vaccinations. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252910. [PMID: 37900033 PMCID: PMC10602790 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change represents an unprecedented threat to humanity and will be the ultimate challenge of the 21st century. As a public health consequence, the World Health Organization estimates an additional 250,000 deaths annually by 2030, with resource-poor countries being predominantly affected. Although climate change's direct and indirect consequences on human health are manifold and far from fully explored, a growing body of evidence demonstrates its potential to exacerbate the frequency and spread of transmissible infectious diseases. Effective, high-impact mitigation measures are critical in combating this global crisis. While vaccines and vaccination are among the most cost-effective public health interventions, they have yet to be established as a major strategy in climate change-related health effect mitigation. In this narrative review, we synthesize the available evidence on the effect of climate change on vaccine-preventable diseases. This review examines the direct effect of climate change on water-related diseases such as cholera and other enteropathogens, helminthic infections and leptospirosis. It also explores the effects of rising temperatures on vector-borne diseases like dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, as well as the impact of temperature and humidity on airborne diseases like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Recent advances in global vaccine development facilitate the use of vaccines and vaccination as a mitigation strategy in the agenda against climate change consequences. A focused evaluation of vaccine research and development, funding, and distribution related to climate change is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Lynn Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nabity SA, Marks SM, Goswami ND, Smith SR, Timme E, Price SF, Gross L, Self JL, Toren KG, Narita M, Wegener DH, Wang SH. Characteristics of and Deaths among 333 Persons with Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in Cross-Sectional Sample from 25 Jurisdictions, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2016-2023. [PMID: 37647628 PMCID: PMC10521611 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about co-occurring tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 in low TB incidence settings. We obtained a cross-section of 333 persons in the United States co-diagnosed with TB and COVID-19 within 180 days and compared them to 4,433 persons with TB only in 2020 and 18,898 persons with TB during 2017‒2019. Across both comparison groups, a higher proportion of persons with TB-COVID-19 were Hispanic, were long-term care facility residents, and had diabetes. When adjusted for age, underlying conditions, and TB severity, COVID-19 co-infection was not statistically associated with death compared with TB infection only in 2020 (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.0 [95% CI 0.8‒1.4]). Among TB-COVID-19 patients, death was associated with a shorter interval between TB and COVID-19 diagnoses, older age, and being immunocompromised (non-HIV). TB-COVID-19 deaths in the United States appear to be concentrated in subgroups sharing characteristics known to increase risk for death from either disease alone.
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Martinelli D, Quattrone F, Fortunato F, Di Maggio E, Filia A, Rota MC, Lopalco PL, Prato R. Role of the National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups in 13 European countries in the decision-making process on vaccine recommendations. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300131. [PMID: 37883041 PMCID: PMC10604541 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.43.2300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe, National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) were established in most countries to promote evidence-informed decision-making in introducing new or improved vaccines or changing recommendations for existing ones. Still, the role, activities and outcomes of NITAGs have not been optimally implemented across Europe. Within the European Joint Action on Vaccination (EU-JAV), we conducted a survey to collect information on decision-making process including the main criteria for the introduction of new vaccines or changes to recommendations on their use. Between December 2021 and January 2022, 13 of the 28 European countries invited participated in an online survey. The criteria ranked as most relevant were disease burden and availability of financial resources. Only one country specified that the NITAG recommendations were binding for the government or the health authority. Vaccinations more often reported for introduction or recommendation changes were those against herpes zoster, influenza, human papillomavirus infection, pneumococcal and meningococcal disease. The planned changes will mainly address children and adolescents (2-18 years) and adults (≥ 45-65 years). Our findings show potential overlaps in the activities of NITAGs between countries; and therefore, collaboration between NITAGs may lead to optimisation of the workload and better use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Martinelli
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Filippo Quattrone
- Management and Healthcare Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortunato
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Maggio
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Filia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rota
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosa Prato
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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24
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Du Z, Wang Y, Bai Y, Wang L, Cowling BJ, Meyers LA. Estimate of COVID-19 Deaths, China, December 2022-February 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2121-2124. [PMID: 37640373 PMCID: PMC10521589 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
China announced a slight easing of its zero-COVID rules on November 11, 2022, and then a major relaxation on December 7, 2022. We estimate that the ensuing wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused 1.41 million deaths in China during December 2022-February 2023, substantially higher than that reported through official channels.
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Marsland MJ, Glynn-Robinson A, Gang RF, Strachan J. The impact of the National Shingles Vaccination Program on the epidemiology of herpes zoster among adults ≥ 60 years in Victoria, Australia. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2023; 47. [PMID: 37817333 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In November 2016, Australia recommended herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination for adults aged ≥ 60 years and implemented a National Shingles Vaccination Program (NSVP) offering free HZ vaccination to adults aged 70-79 years. This study investigated trends in HZ epidemiology among Victorian adults aged ≥ 60 years and the impact of the NSVP in this population. Methods We conducted epidemiological analyses of routinely collected HZ surveillance data for Victorian adults aged ≥ 60 years who were notified as having a HZ illness or vaccination between 2012 and 2021. Annual incidence rates are presented for vaccinations, case notifications, emergency department presentations, hospitalisations and deaths by five-year age groups. Age-specific incidence rate ratios are calculated comparing the period prior to (1 January 2012 to 31 October 2016) and following (1 November 2016 to 31 December 2021) NSVP implementation. Results HZ vaccination rates were highest among those eligible to receive free vaccination (70-79 years), but appear to have plateaued across all age groups and remained below full coverage. Incidence rate ratios showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) in HZ notifications across all age-groups. Emergency presentations and hospitalisations showed a statistically significant decline (p < 0.05) among the 70-79 year old age groups; however, these rates remained consistent or increased among other age groups for whom vaccination is recommended. Mortality rates declined, particularly among those aged 85+ years. Discussion HZ continues to cause significant disease among the older adult population in Victoria. The findings of this study suggest the NSVP has led to some changes in the epidemiology of HZ among the 70-79 years old age group in Victoria; however, there is less evidence that it has influenced other age groups for whom vaccination is recommended. An evaluation of the NSVP and epidemiology of HZ at a national level is required to identify strategies to improve vaccination coverage among the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J Marsland
- Public Health Division, Department of Health, Victoria; National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University.
| | - Anna Glynn-Robinson
- 2. National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University
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Andronescu LR, Richard SA, Laing ED, Pisanic N, Coggins SA, Rivera MG, Kruczynski K, Saperstein AK, Modi J, Fraser JA, Shaikh S, Broder CC, Burgess TH, Heaney CD, Pollett SD, Millar E, Coles CL, Simons MP. Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Saliva and Dried Blood Spot Surveillance Strategies in a Congregate Population. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1925-1928. [PMID: 37579513 PMCID: PMC10461675 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal approach to COVID-19 surveillance in congregate populations remains unclear. Our study at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, USA, assessed the concordance of antibody prevalence in longitudinally collected dried blood spots and saliva in a setting of frequent PCR-based testing. Our findings highlight the utility of salivary-based surveillance.
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Bellizzi S, Letchford N, Adib K, Probert WJ, Hancock P, Alsawalha L, Santoro A, Profili MC, Aguas R, Popescu C, Al Ariqi L, White L, Hayajneh W, Obeidat N, Nabeth P. Participatory Mathematical Modeling Approach for Policymaking during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis, Jordan. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1738-1746. [PMID: 37610124 PMCID: PMC10461658 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.221493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We engaged in a participatory modeling approach with health sector stakeholders in Jordan to support government decision-making regarding implementing public health measures to mitigate COVID-19 disease burden. We considered the effect of 4 physical distancing strategies on reducing COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Jordan during March 2020-January 2021: no physical distancing; intermittent physical distancing where all but essential services are closed once a week; intermittent physical distancing where all but essential services are closed twice a week; and a permanent physical distancing intervention. Modeling showed that the fourth strategy would be most effective in reducing cases and deaths; however, this approach was only marginally beneficial to reducing COVID-19 disease compared with an intermittently enforced physical distancing intervention. Scenario-based model influenced policy-making and the evolution of the pandemic in Jordan confirmed the forecasting provided by the modeling exercise and helped confirm the effectiveness of the policy adopted by the government of Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William J.M. Probert
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Penelope Hancock
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Lora Alsawalha
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Alessio Santoro
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Maria C. Profili
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Ricardo Aguas
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Christian Popescu
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Lubna Al Ariqi
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Lisa White
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Wail Hayajneh
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Nathir Obeidat
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Pierre Nabeth
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
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Matias WR, Guillaume Y, Augustin GC, Vissieres K, Ternier R, Charles RC, Harris JB, Franke MF, Ivers LC. Seroprevalence of Vibrio cholerae in Adults, Haiti, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1929-1932. [PMID: 37610182 PMCID: PMC10461664 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In Haiti in 2017, the prevalence of serum vibriocidal antibody titers against Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 among adults was 12.4% in Cerca-la-Source and 9.54% in Mirebalais, suggesting a high recent prevalence of infection. Improved surveillance programs to monitor cholera and guide public health interventions in Haiti are necessary.
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Rehman S, Rehman E, Holy O. Potential determinants of vaccine hesitancy among celiac disease patients: a single cohort analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1061617. [PMID: 37614445 PMCID: PMC10442556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Though researchers and scholars have greatly emphasized addressing the influencing factors of vaccination hesitancy, little attention has been paid to patients with celiac disease. Addressing the variables hampering attitudes might help direct appropriate patient advocacy and doctor-patient communication endeavors to encourage vaccination among celiac disease patients. The present investigation seeks to explore the coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination attitudes, and related possible factors among celiac disease patients in the Pakistani setting. Methods A self-reported online survey was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan, for celiac disease patients aged 18 and above. The questionnaire was completed by 226 participants, with a response rate of 43.8%. The influencing variables for vaccination hesitancy were examined, and 95% confidence intervals for the crude and adjusted odds ratios were computed. Results Among the study population, the majority were females, with a ratio of 75.66%. A prominent proportion of 69.03% was observed for influenza vaccination, while 39.82% were unable to recall all of the vaccinations they had previously received. Only 7% of the patients were considered to have a negative attitude toward vaccination, compared to an estimated 76% who were in favor of it. The significantly positive influencing factors observed toward vaccination were being well-educated (graduate, master, or above), possible recurrence of vaccine-preventable diseases with declining vaccination coverage (adjusted OR: 13.36), and increased confidence in vaccines from health care experts compared to electronic media (adjusted OR: 8.41). Contrarily, practicing complementary and alternative medicines (adjusted OR: 5.59), willingness to get vaccinated again in the future (adjusted OR: 15.59), and prior negative perspectives (adjusted OR: 1.01) were the determinants with a significant negative association. Discussion In conclusion, the outcomes of the current work raise the possibility that health practitioners may be accountable for inappropriately prescribing vaccines to this demographic since 77% of the participants had a favorable attitude toward vaccination. These findings could serve as a springboard for creating targeted immunization efforts to raise vaccination coverage against vaccine-preventive diseases among celiac disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Erum Rehman
- Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ondrej Holy
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Lubanga AF, Bwanali AN, Munthali L, Mphepo M, Chumbi GD, Kangoma M, Khuluza C. Malawi vaccination drive: An integrated immunization campaign against typhoid, measles, rubella, and polio; health benefits and potential challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2233397. [PMID: 37431661 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2233397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination stands as one of the most important scientific discoveries and public health achievements in the fight against diseases. For over a century, millions of early childhood deaths have been averted through routine immunizations. However, to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases and their complications and optimize the control of vaccine-preventable diseases in communities, high uptake rates must be achieved. Mass immunization campaigns (MICs) have globally been used to introduce new vaccines for major infectious diseases and improve coverage of routine vaccines through catch-up campaigns. Malawi recently undertook such a campaign to introduce a highly efficacious typhoid conjugate vaccine and provides a catch-up to measles, rubella, and polio. Such campaigns are associated with multiple benefits. However, the MICs are associated with multiple challenges to be successfully administered. In this review, we highlight recent MIC, vaccine coverage, and potential challenges and benefits and offer recommendation for future preventive campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Focus Lubanga
- Clinical Research Education and Management Services LTD(CREAMS), Lilongwe, Malawi
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Akim Nelson Bwanali
- Clinical Research Education and Management Services LTD(CREAMS), Lilongwe, Malawi
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leonard Munthali
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Ministry of Health (MoH), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Mzati Mphepo
- Clinical Research Education and Management Services LTD(CREAMS), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Melina Kangoma
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Ministry of Health (MoH), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Chana Khuluza
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Ministry of Health (MoH), Lilongwe, Malawi
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Osarenkhoe JO, Agbon GO, Esene H, Ohenhen V, Bassey AS. A Comparison of the Awareness, Attitude, and Uptake of COVID-19, Hepatitis B Virus, and Yellow Fever Vaccines Between Rural and Urban Respondents in Edo State, Nigeria. Cureus 2023; 15:e44352. [PMID: 37779750 PMCID: PMC10539674 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the target set by WHO, Africa still falls short when it comes to individuals' use of COVID-19 vaccines. There is a similar pattern of low vaccine usage for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and yellow fever (YF). AIM AND OBJECTIVE The objective of our study is to compare the awareness, attitude, and uptake of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD), COVID-19, HBV, and YF, between a rural and an urban community in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between January 2022 and December 2022 in a rural community, Okada, and an urban community, Benin, in Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 283 rural participants and 483 urban participants were interviewed. SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was used for data collection and analysis. The significant value was set at P<0.05. RESULTS A major percentage of both populations, 98.3% urban and 90.1% rural, reported being aware of COVID-19 vaccines (indicated by P<0.001). There was a similar pattern with HBV vaccine awareness. However, awareness of YF vaccines was more common in the rural (63.3%) community than in the urban (55.0%) community. A complete dose uptake of COVID-19 vaccines was reported by 7.7% of the rural and 2.2% of the urban respondents. The major reason for the refusal of vaccine uptake was the fear of possible side effects. CONCLUSION The study showed that vaccine uptake for COVID-19, HBV, and YF is low despite seemingly good awareness of these vaccines. The number one reason for any vaccine refusal is the possibility of experiencing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Osarenkhoe
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, NGA
| | - Godwin O Agbon
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, NGA
| | - Hendrith Esene
- Community Medicine, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, NGA
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Machado-Alba JE, Machado-Duque ME, Vargas-Zambrano JC. High coverage and timeliness of vaccination of children under 6 years of age in Risaralda, Colombia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2257424. [PMID: 37722884 PMCID: PMC10512904 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2257424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the coverage and timeliness of immunization in children <6 y from Risaralda, Colombia. A retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated data from a vaccination coverage and timeliness verification survey conducted in 2019, including 2457 children <6 y from Risaralda, Colombia. Variables included demographics, a record of vaccinations included in the Colombian Vaccination Plan, and date of immunization. Vaccination was defined as timely until 29 d after the day established by the plan. Coverage was over 95% for all vaccinations, except the boosters of diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DTP) and oral polio at 18 months (91.0%), influenza (85.6%), and yellow fever (49.2%). Most surveyed children demonstrated very high timeliness of vaccination, with values close to, or over, 90%, although there were exceptions for pentavalent (DTP+Haemophilus influenzae type B+hepatitis B) and polio vaccines at 6 months (79.4%), influenza (85.6%), and yellow fever (49.2%). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Colombian Vaccination Plan demonstrated high coverage and timeliness of vaccination of children <6 y of age; however, timeliness for the third dose of DTP-Hib-HBV and polio showed opportunities for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma SA, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Manuel Enrique Machado-Duque
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma SA, Pereira, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
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Luan L, Zhang Z, Xu J, Kong X, Yu J, Hu R, Liu N, Wang T, Zhang J, Wang J. Evaluation of vaccination status of children with special health care needs in Suzhou, China, 2020-2022: A retrospective survey study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2254965. [PMID: 37697437 PMCID: PMC10498932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2254965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with special health care needs (CSHCNs) are at an increased risk of vaccine-preventable infections (VPDs), but they also face the dilemma of vaccine hesitancy. We obtained information on pediatric visits from the Referral and Assessment Information System for Vaccination (RAISV) and information on vaccination from the Jiangsu Province Immunization Information System (JSIIS). We followed the occurrence of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) and VPDs by actively calling and querying the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). The Poisson test was used to compare the incidence of AEFIs between groups. A total of 5,037 children who visited a vaccination assessment clinic were followed-up in this study. The majority were children with developmental anomalies (28.5%), certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (12.1%), and nervous system disorders (9.0%). Most CSHCNs (66.9%) were advised to have all vaccines according to routine practice, 29.0% were advised to have partial vaccination, and 4.1% were advised to delay all vaccines and wait for future assessment. A total of 201 (4.0%) CSHCNs were not vaccinated, although they were assessed to be eligible for vaccination. By querying the immunization planning module in CISDCP, we observed 55 AEFI cases, which amounted to an incidence rate of 1.2 per 1,000, and the occurrence of abnormal reactions was not significantly different compared with the general population. The vaccination program following the designed workflow for CSHCNs was safe and could be recommended in other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Immunization Program, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Immunization Program, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Kong
- Children’s Vaccination Assessment Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ran Hu
- Department of Immunization Program, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Vaid A, Rastogi N, Doherty TM, San Martin P, Chugh Y. Review of the unmet medical need for vaccination in adults with immunocompromising conditions: An Indian perspective. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2224186. [PMID: 37402477 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2224186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised (IC) populations are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). In India, the concern of VPDs in IC populations is particularly acute due to the prevalence of crowded living situations, poor sanitation and variable access to healthcare services. We present a narrative review of IC-related disease and economic burden, risk of VPDs and vaccination guidelines, based on global and India-specific literature (2000-2022). IC conditions considered were cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders, disorders treated with immunosuppressive therapy, and human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The burden of IC populations in India is comparable to the global population, except for cancer and HIV, which have lower prevalence compared with the global average. Regional and socioeconomic inequalities exist in IC prevalence; VPDs add to the burden of IC conditions, especially in lower income strata. Adult vaccination programs could improve health and reduce the economic impact of VPDs in IC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Vaid
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Medanta Cancer Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Medanta Cancer Institute, Gurugram, India
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Kheirandish M, Karimian Z, Fahmy K, Rashidian A, Hajjeh R. Capacity-building for conducting COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies to enhance evidence-informed vaccination policymaking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 2023; 29:562-569. [PMID: 37553744 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine effectiveness studies provide evidence on the effects of vaccines for preventing disease and the adverse outcomes following a vaccination rollout programme in a country or a specific population. AIMS To document the technical and capacity-building support provided by WHO to countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to conduct COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies. METHODS WHO implemented interventions to enhance the capacity of EMR countries to conduct COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and similar epidemiological studies. The intervention consisted of several components, including methodological and technical support as well as data and project management at national and regional levels. Two WHO generic protocols were adopted: cohort study among healthcare workers and test-negative design in severe acute respiratory infections surveillance sites. RESULTS Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, and Pakistan participated in the programme. The research protocols were adjusted to country context and settings. WHO provided technical, financial and infrastructure support, including the establishment of quality assessment approaches, study conduct, data management, report development, statistical data analysis, and experience-sharing between the countries. Technical capacity-building was also offered to other countries not involved in the vaccine effectiveness studies. CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to enhance the research capacities of EMR countries for the conduct of vaccine effectiveness studies. The WHO consolidated efforts and its collaboration with countries resulted in enhancement of capacity and research infrastructure, especially in the 4 countries that were supported by this programme. The capacities acquired through the programme would be very useful for other vaccine-preventable communicable diseases, thus better informing national immunization programmes and policies in EMR countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Kheirandish
- Division of Science, Information and Dissemination, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zahra Karimian
- Division of Science, Information and Dissemination, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kamal Fahmy
- Division of Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Arash Rashidian
- Division of Science, Information and Dissemination, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Hajjeh
- Directorate of Program Management, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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Baroncelli S, Galluzzo CM, Orlando S, Pirillo MF, Luhanga R, Mphwere R, Kavalo T, Amici R, Floridia M, Andreotti M, Ciccacci F, Scarcella P, Marazzi MC, Giuliano M. Rates of Seroprotection against Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases in HIV-Exposed and -Unexposed Malawian Infants. Pathogens 2023; 12:938. [PMID: 37513785 PMCID: PMC10383556 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of seroprotection rates against vaccine-preventable infectious diseases allows for the identification of risk populations. HIV-exposed infants, even if not infected with HIV, have higher morbidity and mortality in comparison to unexposed counterparts. The aim of this study was to compare the specific IgG levels against Haemophilus influenzae type-B (HiB), Hepatitis-B (HBV), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) in two groups of infants (HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed) living in Malawi. METHODS Blood samples from 62 infants, 49 HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU), and born to women living with HIV and 13 HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU), were collected at 6 months, and specific IgG levels were determined using ELISA tests. RESULTS The antibody levels against HiB, HBV, and Spn were similar in the two groups. At six months, all HUU infants and 81.6% of HEU infants showed seroprotective levels against HiB, while a percentage of protection varying from 80.6 to 84.6% was observed for HBV and Spn regardless of HIV exposure. Only 59.2% of HEU and 69.2% of HUU infants showed antibody protection against all three pathogens. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate similar rates of seroprotection among HEU and HUU infants but also suggest that a consistent fraction of infants received incomplete vaccinations. Strategies to enforce participation in immunization programs in Malawi should be a health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baroncelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Maria Galluzzo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Orlando
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Franca Pirillo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Luhanga
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre 312200, Malawi
| | - Robert Mphwere
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre 312200, Malawi
| | - Thom Kavalo
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre 312200, Malawi
| | - Roberta Amici
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Floridia
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Ciccacci
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scarcella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Giuliano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Yang J, Zhang C, Yuan Y, Sun J, Lu L, Sun H, Sun H, Chu D, Qin S, Chen J, Zhang C, Hao X, Shi W, Liu W, Gao GF, Digard P, Lycett S, Bi Y. Novel Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Reassortants in Migratory Birds, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1244-1249. [PMID: 37209677 DOI: 10.3201/eid2906.221723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b.2 were identified in dead migratory birds in China in November 2021. The viruses probably evolved among wild birds through different flyways connecting Europe and Asia. Their low antigenic reaction to vaccine antiserum indicates high risks to poultry and to public health.
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Woodward M, Ramasubramanian V, Kamarulzaman A, Tantawichien T, Wang M, Song JY, Choi WS, Djauzi S, Solante R, Lee WS, Tateda K, Pan H, Wang NC, Pang T. Addressing Unmet Needs in Vaccination for Older Adults in the Asia Pacific: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:869-880. [PMID: 37284594 PMCID: PMC10239646 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s406601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of vaccinating the older population against vaccine-preventable diseases in terms of health, social and economic benefits has been increasingly recognised. However, there is a gap in the utilisation of vaccines worldwide. The population is ageing at an unprecedented pace in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, with the number of persons older than 65 years set to double by 2050 to around 1.3 billion. More than 18% of the population in Japan, Hong Kong, and China is over the age of 65 years. This highlights the importance of prioritising resources to address societal obligations toward the needs of the ageing generation. This review provides an overview of the challenges to adult vaccination in APAC, drivers to increase vaccination coverage, vaccination insights gained through the COVID-19 pandemic, and potential measures to increase the uptake of adult vaccines in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Terapong Tantawichien
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Minggui Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, SH, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korean University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rontgene Solante
- Adult Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, NCR, Philippines
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiko Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - HongXing Pan
- Institution of Vaccine Clinical Trials, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, JS, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning-Chi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tikki Pang
- Centre for Behavioural and Implementation Science Interventions, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Dai P, Wang Q, Jia M, Leng Z, Xie S, Feng L, Yang W. Driving more WHO-recommended vaccines in the National Immunization Program: Issues and challenges in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2194190. [PMID: 37099400 PMCID: PMC10158540 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2194190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
WHO-recommended vaccines substantially prevent and control vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), but their inclusion differs among countries and regions. We reviewed the application for WHO-recommended vaccines in China and described the concerns and obstacles in driving the inclusion of more vaccines into China's NIP, including immunization strategies, financial barriers, vaccination services, and behavioral and social supply-side and demand-side factors. China has made significant efforts, however, they may not be sufficient until the inclusion of more WHO-recommended vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP), ensuring that the vaccination encompasses the whole life course of individuals, establishment of more trustworthy vaccination finance and procurement, increasing vaccine development, optimizing vaccine demand forecasts, improving the accessibility and equity of vaccination services, capturing the key points of behavioral and social drivers of vaccination on the demand side, and establishing holistic prevention and control from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Dai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyun Xie
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Siegrist AA, Richardson KL, Ghai RR, Pope B, Yeadon J, Culp B, Behravesh CB, Liu L, Brown JA, Boyer LV. Probable Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from African Lion to Zoo Employees, Indiana, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1102-1108. [PMID: 37069611 DOI: 10.3201/eid2906.230150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a zoo setting in Indiana, USA. A vaccinated African lion with physical limitations requiring hand feeding tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after onset of respiratory signs. Zoo employees were screened, monitored prospectively for onset of symptoms, then rescreened as indicated; results were confirmed by using reverse transcription PCR and whole-genome virus sequencing when possible. Traceback investigation narrowed the source of infection to 1 of 5 persons. Three exposed employees subsequently had onset of symptoms, 2 with viral genomes identical to the lion's. Forward contact tracing investigation confirmed probable lion-to-human transmission. Close contact with large cats is a risk factor for bidirectional zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 transmission that should be considered when occupational health and biosecurity practices at zoos are designed and implemented. SARS-CoV-2 rapid testing and detection methods for big cats and other susceptible animals should be developed and validated to enable timely implementation of One Health investigations.
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Nilles EJ, de St Aubin M, Dumas D, Duke W, Etienne MC, Abdalla G, Jarolim P, Oasan T, Garnier S, Iihoshi N, Lopez B, de la Cruz L, Puello YC, Baldwin M, Roberts KW, Peña F, Durski K, Sanchez IM, Gunter SM, Kneubehl AR, Murray KO, Lino A, Strobel S, Baez AA, Lau CL, Kucharski A, Gutiérrez EZ, Skewes-Ramm R, Vasquez M, Paulino CT. Monitoring Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels and Variant-Specific Risk for Infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021-August 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:723-733. [PMID: 36848869 PMCID: PMC10045678 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.221628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibody prevalence in the Dominican Republic and implications for immunologic protection against variants of concern, we prospectively enrolled 2,300 patients with undifferentiated febrile illnesses in a study during March 2021-August 2022. We tested serum samples for spike antibodies and tested nasopharyngeal samples for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection using a reverse transcription PCR nucleic acid amplification test. Geometric mean spike antibody titers increased from 6.6 (95% CI 5.1-8.7) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL during March-June 2021 to 1,332 (95% CI 1,055-1,682) BAU/mL during May-August 2022. Multivariable binomial odds ratios for acute infection were 0.55 (95% CI 0.40-0.74), 0.38 (95% CI 0.27-0.55), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.18-0.40) for the second, third, and fourth versus the first anti-spike quartile; findings were similar by viral strain. Combining serologic and virologic screening might enable monitoring of discrete population immunologic markers and their implications for emergent variant transmission.
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Shao PL, Tu HC, Gong YN, Shu HY, Kirby R, Hsu LY, Yeo HY, Kuo HY, Huang YC, Lin YF, Weng HY, Wu YL, Chen CC, Chen TW, Lee KM, Huang CG, Shih SR, Chen WJ, Wu CC, Yu CJ, Tsai SF. Emergence and Persistent Dominance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.3.7 Variant, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:792-796. [PMID: 36918378 PMCID: PMC10045703 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.221497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since April 2022, waves of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant cases have surfaced in Taiwan and spread throughout the island. Using high-throughput sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, we analyzed 2,405 PCR-positive swab samples from 2,339 persons and identified the Omicron BA.2.3.7 variant as a major lineage within recent community outbreaks in Taiwan.
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Pampati S, Rasberry CN, Timpe Z, McConnell L, Moore S, Spencer P, Lee S, Murray CC, Adkins SH, Conklin S, Deng X, Iachan R, Tripathi T, Barrios LC. Disparities in Implementing COVID-19 Prevention Strategies in Public Schools, United States, 2021-22 School Year. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:937-944. [PMID: 36990463 PMCID: PMC10124646 DOI: 10.3201/eid2905.221533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, US schools have been encouraged to take a layered approach to prevention, incorporating multiple strategies to curb transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Using survey data representative of US public K-12 schools (N = 437), we determined prevalence estimates of COVID-19 prevention strategies early in the 2021-22 school year and describe disparities in implementing strategies by school characteristics. Prevalence of prevention strategies ranged from 9.3% (offered COVID-19 screening testing to students and staff) to 95.1% (had a school-based system to report COVID-19 outcomes). Schools with a full-time school nurse or school-based health center had significantly higher odds of implementing several strategies, including those related to COVID-19 vaccination. We identified additional disparities in prevalence of strategies by locale, school level, and poverty. Advancing school health workforce and infrastructure, ensuring schools use available COVID-19 funding effectively, and promoting efforts in schools with the lowest prevalence of infection prevention strategies are needed for pandemic preparedness.
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Soto RA, Baldry E, Vahey GM, Lehman J, Silver M, Panella A, Brault AC, Hughes HR, Fitzpatrick KA, Velez J, Biggerstaff BJ, Wolff B, Randolph J, Ruth LJ, Staples JE, Gould CV. Increase in Colorado Tick Fever Virus Disease Cases and Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Behaviors and Testing Practices, Montana, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:561-568. [PMID: 36732081 PMCID: PMC9973673 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, Montana, USA, reported a large increase in Colorado tick fever (CTF) cases. To investigate potential causes of the increase, we conducted a case-control study of Montana residents who tested positive or negative for CTF during 2020, assessed healthcare providers' CTF awareness and testing practices, and reviewed CTF testing methods. Case-patients reported more time recreating outdoors on weekends, and all reported finding a tick on themselves before illness. No consistent changes were identified in provider practices. Previously, only CTF serologic testing was used in Montana. In 2020, because of SARS-CoV-2 testing needs, the state laboratory sent specimens for CTF testing to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more sensitive molecular methods are used. This change in testing probably increased the number of CTF cases detected. Molecular testing is optimal for CTF diagnosis during acute illness. Tick bite prevention measures should continue to be advised for persons doing outdoor activities.
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Kislaya I, Casaca P, Borges V, Sousa C, Ferreira BI, Fonte A, Fernandes E, Dias CM, Duarte S, Almeida JP, Grenho I, Coelho L, Ferreira R, Ferreira PP, Borges CM, Isidro J, Pinto M, Menezes L, Sobral D, Nunes A, Santos D, Gonçalves AM, Vieira L, Gomes JP, Leite PP, Nunes B, Machado A, Peralta-Santos A. Comparative Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing Infections and Disease Progression from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BA.2, Portugal. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:569-575. [PMID: 36737101 PMCID: PMC9973705 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated comparative primary and booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BA.2 lineages against infection and disease progression. During April-June 2022, we implemented a case-case and cohort study and classified lineages using whole-genome sequencing or spike gene target failure. For the case-case study, we estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of vaccination using a logistic regression. For the cohort study, we estimated VE against disease progression using a penalized logistic regression. We observed no reduced VE for primary (aOR 1.07 [95% CI 0.93-1.23]) or booster (aOR 0.96 [95% CI 0.84-1.09]) vaccination against BA.5 infection. Among BA.5 case-patients, booster VE against progression to hospitalization was lower than that among BA.2 case-patients (VE 77% [95% CI 49%-90%] vs. VE 93% [95% CI 86%-97%]). Although booster vaccination is less effective against BA.5 than against BA.2, it offers substantial protection against progression from BA.5 infection to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vítor Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Carlos Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Ana Fonte
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Eugénia Fernandes
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Carlos Matias Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Sílvia Duarte
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - José Pedro Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Inês Grenho
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Luís Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Patrícia Pita Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Cláudia Medeiros Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Joana Isidro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Miguel Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Luís Menezes
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Daniel Sobral
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Daniela Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - António Maia Gonçalves
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Luís Vieira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Pedro Pinto Leite
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal (I. Kislaya, V. Borges, C. Matias Dias, S. Duarte, L. Coelho, R. Ferreira, J. Isidro, M. Pinto, D. Sobral, A. Nunes, D. Santos, L. Vieira, J.P. Gomes, B. Nunes, A. Machado)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon (I. Kislaya, C. Matias Dias, B. Nunes, A. Machado, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon (P. Casaca, E. Fernandes, P. Pita Ferreira, P. Pinto Leite, A. Peralta-Santos)
- Unilabs, Porto, Portugal (C. Sousa, J.P. Almeida, L. Menezes, A. Maia Gonçalves)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal (B.I. Ferreira, I. Grenho)
- Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, Lisbon (A. Fonte, C.M. Borges)
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Boghani S, Shah HD, Fancy M, Parmar T, Bansal S, Wanjari MB, Saxena D. A Study on the Characteristics and Outcomes of Reported Diphtheria Patients in a Western State in India. Cureus 2023; 15:e35769. [PMID: 37025722 PMCID: PMC10072171 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of diphtheria cases has declined significantly from 1,00,000 cases in 1980 to 2500 in 2015 globally. India contributed to half of the diphtheria cases reported globally from 2001 to 2015. The disease has higher case mortality and morbidity rate due to various geographic-specific factors. The current study aims to outline the characteristics and outcomes of the diphtheria-reported patients of Gujarat, a western state of India. Method A record-based, descriptive retrospective study was undertaken in the western state of India by analyzing district-wise reported diphtheria cases in diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DPT) surveillance program format during 2020-2021. Result Out of 446, most patients were reported from selected geographies of Gujarat state in 2020-2021. The 424 (95%) reported cases were from 0-14 years of age. Only 9 (2%) subjects had a travel history, and 369 (82.7%) patients were reported from rural areas. The time trend analysis showed that 339 (76%) patients were reported from September to December. The case-fatality ratio was 5.4%, and 300 (67.2%) cases didn't take the DPT (DPT3)/pentavalent 3rd dose vaccine and subsequent doses during their lifetime, emphasizing the role of the vaccine in preventing diphtheria disease. Conclusion Increased vaccination coverage and completing all doses of the DPT vaccine are crucial to avert deaths due to diphtheria. An effective surveillance system will aid in early disease detection and provide more information on the factors that lead to disease occurrence for prompt action by the authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadab Boghani
- Department of Public Health Science, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Harsh D Shah
- Department of Public Health Science, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Manish Fancy
- Department of Public Health, Health and Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat, Gujarat, IND
| | - Trushar Parmar
- Department of Public Health, Management Sciences for Health, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shikha Bansal
- Department of Public Health, World Health Organization, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Public Health Science, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IND
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47
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Ofori SK, Schwind JS, Sullivan KL, Chowell G, Cowling BJ, Fung ICH. Age-Stratified Model to Assess Health Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:360-370. [PMID: 36626878 PMCID: PMC9881782 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.221098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of various COVID-19 vaccination strategies on health outcomes in Ghana by using an age-stratified compartmental model. We stratified the population into 3 age groups: <25 years, 25-64 years, and ≥65 years. We explored 5 vaccination optimization scenarios using 2 contact matrices, assuming that 1 million persons could be vaccinated in either 3 or 6 months. We assessed these vaccine optimization strategies for the initial strain, followed by a sensitivity analysis for the Delta variant. We found that vaccinating persons <25 years of age was associated with the lowest cumulative infections for the main matrix, for both the initial strain and the Delta variant. Prioritizing the elderly (≥65 years of age) was associated with the lowest cumulative deaths for both strains in all scenarios. The consensus between the findings of both contact matrices depended on the vaccine rollout period and the objective of the vaccination program.
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48
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Torres-Martinez C, Chaparro E, Mariño AC, Falleiros-Arlant LH, Camacho-Moreno G, Castillo ME, Garces C, Coronell W, Somocurcio R. Recommendations for modernizing infant vaccination schedules with combination vaccines in Colombia and Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e24. [PMID: 36726600 PMCID: PMC9881495 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to consider the vaccination challenges in Colombia and Peru and the role of pediatric combination vaccines in overcoming these challenges. Barriers to including new vaccines with more antigens remain apparent in parts of these countries, where vaccine-preventable diseases in infants continue to be a major problem. The challenges include the heterogeneity of vaccine coverage within each country and in neighboring countries, which can contribute to poor rates of vaccination coverage; the adverse impact of the inward migration of unvaccinated individuals, which has favored the re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases; vaccine shortages; and the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated shifts in health care resources. To improve the coverage of pediatric vaccines in Colombia and Peru, it will be necessary to ensure the widespread integration into vaccine schedules of combination vaccines containing diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis B antigens with a three-dose primary series delivered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age followed by a booster at 18 months of age. Such vaccines play important roles in preventing diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis; eradicating polio; and providing boosting against H. influenzae type b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torres-Martinez
- Universidad del BosqueBogotáColombiaUniversidad del Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia,Carlos Torres-Martinez,
| | - Eduardo Chaparro
- Departmento de PediatríaHospital Cayetano HerediaLimaPeruDepartmento de Pediatría, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana-Cristina Mariño
- Hospital Militar CentralBogotáColombiaHospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luiza Helena Falleiros-Arlant
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Metropolitana de SantosSão PauloBrazilFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Germán Camacho-Moreno
- Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia (HOMI)BogotáColombiaFundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia (HOMI), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María E. Castillo
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeruFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Garces
- Universidad de AntioquiaClínica las Américas AunaAntioquiaColombiaUniversidad de Antioquia, Clínica las Américas Auna, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Wilfrido Coronell
- Universidad de CartagenaCartagenaColombiaUniversidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Roberto Somocurcio
- Pediatría Clínica Anglo AmericanaLimaPeruPediatría Clínica Anglo Americana, Lima, Peru
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49
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Matsumura N, Shiro R, Tsunoda I. Critical evaluation on roles of macrophagic myofasciitis and aluminum adjuvants in HPV vaccine-induced adverse events. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1218-1228. [PMID: 36601818 PMCID: PMC10067403 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is preventable by HPV vaccines. In Japan, the HPV vaccination rate has remained extremely low due to the concerns for alleged neuropsychological symptoms or "diverse symptoms" following injections of two HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, in HPV vaccine lawsuits. In the lawsuits, the attorneys' group has used several manuscripts proposing that aluminum (Al) adjuvant contained in HPV vaccines causes an immune-mediated disease, called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), as well as pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). We scientifically evaluated these manuscripts describing the "Al adjuvant-induced pathologies," particularly MMF. Although MMF patients have been reported to develop clinical symptoms/signs in various organs, including the CNS, muscle biopsy of the patients and animal experiments demonstrated that MMF pathology was localized only at the injected muscle. No muscle pathology which characterizes MMF was observed in any other muscles; thus, the systemic and neurological signs of MMF cases were irrelevant to localized MMF pathology. We evaluated that MMF-like pathology was induced as a local inflammatory response following vaccinations; MMF pathology was not the cause of systemic inflammation or "diverse symptoms." Lastly, MMF cases have been reported after vaccinations with Al-hydroxide-containing vaccines exclusively. As Al-hydroxide is a component of Cervarix, but not Gardasil, "diverse symptoms" following two HPV vaccinations in Japan cannot be explained by MMF. Our evaluation would help readers understand the validity of the manuscripts on the role of Al adjuvants or MMF for the alleged "diverse symptoms."
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reona Shiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Fu P, Zhou J, Yang C, Nijiati Y, Zhou L, Yan G, Lu G, Zhai X, Wang C. Molecular Evolution and Increasing Macrolide Resistance of Bordetella pertussis, Shanghai, China, 2016-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 30:29-38. [PMID: 38146984 PMCID: PMC10756392 DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.221588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resurgence and spread of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) threaten global public health. We collected 283 B. pertussis isolates during 2016-2022 in Shanghai, China, and conducted 23S rRNA gene A2047G mutation detection, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, and virulence genotyping analysis. We performed whole-genome sequencing on representative strains. We detected pertussis primarily in infants (0-1 years of age) before 2020 and older children (>5-10 years of age) after 2020. The major genotypes were ptxP1/prn1/fhaB3/ptxA1/ptxC1/fim2-1/fim3-1 (48.7%) and ptxP3/prn2/fhaB1/ptxA1/ptxC2/fim2-1/fim3-1 (47.7%). MRBP increased remarkably from 2016 (36.4%) to 2022 (97.2%). All MRBPs before 2020 harbored ptxP1, and 51.4% belonged to multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type (MT) 195, whereas ptxP3-MRBP increased from 0% before 2020 to 66.7% after 2020, and all belonged to MT28. MT28 ptxP3-MRBP emerged only after 2020 and replaced the resident MT195 ptxP1-MRBP, revealing that 2020 was a watershed in the transformation of MRBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chao Yang
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
| | - Yaxier Nijiati
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
| | - Lijun Zhou
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
| | - Gangfen Yan
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
| | - Guoping Lu
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China (P. Fu, J. Zhou, Y. Nijiati, L. Zhou, G. Yan, G. Lu, X. Zhai, C. Wang)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (C. Yang)
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