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Zhou Y, Li L, Yu Z, Gu X, Pan R, Li Q, Yuan C, Cai F, Zhu Y, Cui Y. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen Der p 22: Cloning, expression, IgE-binding in asthmatic children, and immunogenicity. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13835. [PMID: 36003049 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dust mite extract contains multiple components that, while useful in clinical allergy diagnosis and treatment, can cause serious side effects. Defining components of dust mite extract is important their contributions to allergic disease. This study aimed to characterize a novel dust mite allergen, Der p 22. METHODS We amplified the cDNA encoding Der p 22 from total RNA of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and inserted it into an expression construct for transformation to competent cells. Purified recombinant (r) Der p 22 was tested for IgE-binding reactivity in sera obtained from children with allergic asthma by the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu, China). rDer p 22 also was used to challenge BALB/c mice to assess effects on T helper cells and cytokine levels and applied to cultured lung epithelial cells to evaluate apoptosis and cytokine secretion. RESULTS rDer p 22 bound to IgE in 93.75% of sera from pediatric allergic asthma patients. Mice challenged with rDer p 22 had altered Th1/Th2 ratios in spleen and lymph, and lower levels of cytokines IFN-γ but higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in alveolar lavage fluid compared with controls (p < .05). Cultured lung epithelial cells had greater apoptosis rates and exhibited higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF when treated with rDer p 22 compared with control treatment (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Recombinant Der p 22 exhibited high IgE-binding rates in allergic children, indicating the activity of the recombinant protein and suggesting this novel allergen may be appropriate for inclusion in an allergy diagnostic workup. This finding is supported by in vitro and mouse in vivo studies showing rDer p 22 induced strong allergenic reactivity and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruilin Pan
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cunyin Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubao Cui
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Hu RH, Wu CT, Wu TS, Yu FY, Ko JL, Lue KH, Liu YF. Systematic Characterization of the Group 2 House Dust Mite Allergen in Dermatophagoides microceras. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:793559. [PMID: 35111694 PMCID: PMC8801679 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.793559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAllergic asthma, a chronic airway inflammatory disease, is a critical public health problem. Indoor house dust mites (HDMs) could cause allergic asthma. The prevalence of sensitization to Dermatophagoides microceras (Der m) was approximately 80% and is related to the immunoglobulin E crossing-reactivity of mites belonging to the same genus, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Dermatophagoides farina (Der f). However, studies on Der m are scant.MethodsWe used integrated OMICs approaches to identify and characterize the group 2 mite allergen-like protein in Der m (Der m 2). We established a Der m 2-induced allergic asthma mouse model and treated the mice with a fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP-fve) isolated from Flammulina veluptipes to evaluate the allergenicity of Der m 2 and the immunomodulatory effects of FIP-fve.ResultsBy performing de novo draft genome assembly and comparative genome analysis, we identified the putative 144-amino acid Der m 2 in silico and further confirmed its existence through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Der m 2 is a lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-binding protein. Thus, we examined the LPS-binding activity of recombinant Der m 2 by performing molecular docking analysis, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and a pull-down assay. Der m 2 elicited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, and induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Furthermore, in mice sensitized with Der m 2, the administration of FIP-fve in either the earlier stage or the late stage, FIP-fve alleviated allergic asthma by moderating airway inflammation and remodeling.ConclusionsDer m 2 induced inflammatory responses in cell and mouse models. FIP-fve alleviated inflammation in Der m 2-induced asthma in mice by exerting an immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei-Hsing Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ta Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shuan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yih Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Huang Lue
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yu-Fan Liu, ; Ko-Huang Lue,
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yu-Fan Liu, ; Ko-Huang Lue,
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Jeon H, Kim G, Kashif A, Hong MH, Lee JS, Hong Y, Park BS, Yang EJ, Kim IS. Pathogenic Mechanism of Der p 38 as a Novel Allergen Homologous to RipA and RipB Proteins in Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646316. [PMID: 34691014 PMCID: PMC8531521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing pruritic disease encompassing skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction. House dust mites are key allergens that augment the development of atopic dermatitis. We aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of AD due to Der p 38, recently identified by us. The frequency of IgE reactivity to Der p 38 in AD subjects was 52.6% (10/19) in the skin prick test and 57.9% (11/19) in the dot blot assay. In human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, Der p 38 triggered the impairment of filaggrin expression and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 through TLR4, PI3K, AKT, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathway. Supernatants from Der p 38-treated cells blocked filaggrin expression and neutrophil apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effect of the Der p 38-released molecules on neutrophils was accomplished by inhibition of the caspase 9/3 pathway, and by increased MCL-1 expression and BCL-2/BAX expression ratio. In C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice, Der p 38 induced a dose-dependent increase of AD-like skin lesions, with enhanced expressions of total and Der p 38-specific IgE. Der p 38 also diminished the expressions of skin barrier proteins and induced JNK activation. However, the AD-like features following cutaneous Der p 38 exposure were observed to be reduced in the TLR4 knockout (KO) group, as compared to the WT group. Skin infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells was increased in the WT mice, but was not portrayed in the TLR4 KO mice. These findings indicate that Der p 38 is a novel mite allergen that triggers AD by lowering skin barrier proteins and increasing inflammatory cells. Results of this study have thereby paved the way to unveil the pathogenic mechanisms of AD.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/genetics
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Arthropod Proteins/genetics
- Arthropod Proteins/immunology
- Arthropod Proteins/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dermatophagoides farinae/genetics
- Dermatophagoides farinae/immunology
- Dermatophagoides farinae/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Female
- Filaggrin Proteins/metabolism
- HaCaT Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/immunology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Jeon
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Geunyeong Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Min Hwa Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yujin Hong
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Beom Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea
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Niu D, Zhao Y, Zhang W. Temperature stress response: A novel important function of Dermatophagoides farinae allergens. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108003. [PMID: 32980317 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophagoides farinae, an important pathogen, has multiple allergens. However, their expression under physiological conditions are not understood. Our previous RNA-seq showed that allergens of D. farinae were up-regulated under temperature stress, implying that they may be involved in stress response. Here, we performed a comprehensive study. qRT-PCR detection indicated that 26 of the 34 allergens showed differential expression. Der f1 had the most abundant basic expression quantity. Der f 28.0201 (HSP70) and Der f3 had the same regulation pattern in 9 highly expressed transcripts, which only up-regulated at 41 °C and 43 °C, but Der f 28.0201 showed stronger regulation than Der f 3 (19.88-fold vs 6.02-fold). Whereas Der f 1, 2, 7, 21, 22, 27, and 30 were up-regulated under both heat and cold stress, and Der f 27 showed the strongest regulation ability among them. Der f 27 showed more significant up-regulation than Der f 28.0201 under heat stress (23.59-fold vs 19.88-fold), and Der f27 had more obvious up-regulation under cold than heat stress (30.70-fold vs 23.59-fold). The expression of Der f 27, 28.0201 and 1, and D. farinae survival rates significantly decreased following RNAi, indicating the upregulation of these allergens under temperature stress conferred thermo-tolerance or cold-tolerance to D. farinae. In this study, we described for the first time that these allergens have temperature-stress response functions. This new scientific discovery has important clinical value for revealing the more frequent and serious allergic diseases caused by D. farinae during the change of seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongLing Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - YaE Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - WanYu Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Yang HY, Zhu HT, Cui YB. [Cloning and sequence analysis of leptin receptor overlapping transcript-like 1 gene from Dermatophagoides farinae]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:248-254. [PMID: 32468786 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain the leptin receptor overlapping transcript-like 1 encoding gene (LepROTL1 gene) from Dermatophagoides farina, investigate the molecular characteristics of the gene and construct a prokaryotic expression vector to express this gene. METHODS The LepROTL1 gene-encoding sequence fragments were captured based on the transcriptome sequencing results, and the full-length gene fragments were amplified from total RNA of D. farinae using a RT-PCR assay, and used to construct the expression plasmid pET28a(+)-LepROTL1, followed by sequencing. The plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) T1R for the induction of IPTG expression. The expression product was characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to analyze the sequence and the molecular characteristics of its encoded protein. RESULTS The amplification products of the RT-PCR assay showed a clear band on agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequencing analysis of the pET28a(+)-LepROTL1 plasmid showed 417 bp in length of the coding gene from the start codon ATG to the termination codon TAA. Following the plasmid transformation into E. coli and induction with IPTG, a specific band was seen on SDS-PAGE, indicating successful expression. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the LepROTL1 gene-encoded protein was composed of 134 amino acids, and had a relative molecular weight of 14 378.13 Da, a hydrophilicity index of 1.149, and certain hydrophobicity. The secondary structure was composed of alpha-helix (19 aa, 14.18%), extended strand (48 aa, 35.82%) and random coil (67 aa, 50.00%). The deduced amino acid sequence was used to obtain homologous genes by BLAST, and the phylogenetic tree showed that D. farinae was clustered with D. pteronyssinus. CONCLUSIONS The full-length sequences and expression plasmid of the LepROTL1 gene are obtained, and the molecular features of the gene are demonstrated using bioinformatics analyses, which provide insights into further studies on the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yang
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - H T Zhu
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Y B Cui
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214023, China
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Abstract
Blomia tropicalis has been recognized as a cause of allergic diseases in the tropical and subtropical regions. Here we report the immuno-characterization of its group 2 allergen, Blo t 2. Allergen Blo t 2 was amplified from the cDNA of B. tropicalis using degenerate primers, expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein and purified to homogeneity. The mature protein of Blo t 2 was 126 amino acids long with 52% sequence identity to Der p 2 and apparent molecular mass of 15 kDa. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that Blo t 2 is mainly a beta-sheeted protein. We confirmed the presence of three disulfide bonds in recombinant (r) Blo t 2 protein using electrospray mass spectrometry. Thirty-four percent of dust-mite allergic individuals from the Singapore showed specific IgE binding to rBlo t 2 as tested using immuno dot-blots. IgE-cross reactivity assays showed that Blo t 2 had between 20-50% of unique IgE-epitopes compared to Der p 2. IgE binding of native and recombinant forms of Blo t 2 were highly concordant (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.0001) to rBlo t 2. Dose-dependent in vitro histamine was observed when rBlo t 2 was incubated with whole blood of Blo t 2 sensitized individuals, demonstrating that it is a functional allergen. Nine naturally occurring isoforms of Blo t 2 were identified in this study, each having between 1-3 amino acid variations compared to the reference clone. Blo t 2 is a clinically relevant allergen of B. tropicalis as it has unique IgE epitopes compared to major group 2 allergens from Dermatophagoides spp.
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Grants
- Research scholarship from the National University of Singapore.
- MOH | National Medical Research Council (NMRC)
- Deanship of Academic Research, University of Jordan (DAR)
- Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund, Biomedical Research Council, Singapore and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR); R-154-000-404-112, R-154-000-553-112, R-154-000-565-112, R-154-000-630-112, R-154-000-A08-592, R-154-000-A27-597, BMRC/01/1/21/18/077, BMRC/04/1/21/19/315, R-154-000-A80-305, R-154-000-A91-592, and R154-000-A95-592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sze Lei Pang
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Martínez D, Munera M, Cantillo JF, Wortmann J, Zakzuk J, Keller W, Caraballo L, Puerta L. An Engineered Hybrid Protein from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Allergens Shows Hypoallergenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123025. [PMID: 31234267 PMCID: PMC6628193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is an important risk factor for asthma and rhinitis. Allergen specific immunotherapy that is based on recombinant proteins has been proposed for the safer and more efficient treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to design and obtain a hybrid protein (DPx4) containing antigenic regions of allergens Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 7, and Der p 10 from this mite. DPx4 was produced in Escherichia coli and its folding was determined by circular dichroism. Non-denaturing dot-blot, ELISA, basophil activation test, dot blot with monoclonal antibodies, ELISA inhibition, and cysteine protease activity assays were performed. Mice that were immunized with DPx4 were also analyzed. We found that DPx4 had no cysteine protease activity and it showed significantly lower IgE reactivity than Der p 1, Der p 2, and D. pteronyssinus extract. DPx4 induced lower basophil activation than Der p 2 and the allergen extract. Immunized mice produced IgG antibodies that inhibited the binding of allergic patient’s IgE to the allergen extract and induced comparatively higher levels of IL-10 than the extract in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) culture. These results suggest that DPx4 has immunological properties that are useful for the development of a mite allergy vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalgys Martínez
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia.
| | - Marlon Munera
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia.
| | - Jose Fernando Cantillo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia.
| | - Judith Wortmann
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia.
| | - Walter Keller
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia.
| | - Leonardo Puerta
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia.
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Zhang Z, Cai Z, Hou Y, Hu J, He Y, Chen J, Ji K. Enhanced sensitivity of capture IgE‑ELISA based on a recombinant Der f 1/2 fusion protein for the detection of IgE antibodies targeting house dust mite allergens. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3497-3504. [PMID: 30896856 PMCID: PMC6472038 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of allergen‑specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E is an important method for the diagnosis of IgE‑mediated allergic diseases. The sensitivity of the indirect IgE‑ELISA method against allergen extracts is limited by interference from high IgG titers and low quantities of effectual allergen components in extracts. To overcome these limitations, a novel capture IgE‑ELISA based on a recombinant Der f 1/Der f 2 fusion protein (rDer f 1/2) was developed to enhance the sensitivity to IgEs that bind allergens from the house dust mite (HDM) species Dermatophagoides farina. pET28‑Der f 1/2 was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. The purified fusion protein was evaluated by IgE western blotting, IgE dot blotting and indirect IgE‑ELISA. Capture‑ELISA was performed by coating wells with omalizumab and incubating in series with sera, biotinylated Der f 1/2, horseradish peroxidase‑conjugated streptavidin and 3,3,5,5‑tetramethylbenzidine. The relative sensitivities of indirect‑ELISA and capture‑ELISA for HDM allergen‑specific IgE binding were determined; sera from non‑allergic individuals were used as the control group. rDer f 1/2 was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies comprising refolded protein, which were then purified. It exhibited increased IgE‑specific binding (24/28, 85.8%) than rDer f 1 (21/28, 75.0%) or rDer f 2 (22/28, 78.6%) with HDM‑allergic sera. Furthermore, in a random sample of HDM‑allergic sera (n=71), capture‑ELISA (71/71, 100%) was more sensitive than indirect‑ELISA (68/71, 95.8%) for the detection of HDM‑specific IgEs (P<0.01), indicating that this novel method may be useful for the diagnosis of HDM allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Zelang Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Jiayun Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yongshen He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Kunmei Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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Mrkić I, Minić R, Popović D, Živković I, Gavrović-Jankulović M. Newly designed hemagglutinin-Der p 2 chimera is a potential candidate for allergen specific immunotherapy. Life Sci 2018; 213:158-165. [PMID: 30352241 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the immunomodulatory potential of a chimera composed of the receptor-binding domain of hemagglutinin 1 (H1s) from Influenza virus and Der p 2 (D2) allergen for allergen-specific immunotherapy of house-dust mite allergy (HDM). MAIN METHODS H1sD2 chimera and D2 allergen were produced by genetic engineering in E. coli. Recombinant antigens were extracted from inclusion bodies by urea, then refolded and purified by immobilized- metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Purity was verified by 2D-PAGE and secondary structures were assessed by CD spectroscopy. IgE reactivity of H1sD2 and D2 was tested in western blot with sera from 8 persons with clinical history of HDM allergy. Immunogenicity of H1sD2 and D2 were analyzed in Balb/c mice. Cytokine profile was analyzed by ELISA after stimulation of mouse spleen cells with H1sD2 and D2. Leukocyte population abundance of cells isolated from spleen and lymph node was assessed by flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS Purified recombinant proteins H1sD2 (42 kDa) and D2 (15 kDa) revealed well defined secondary structures, and preserved IgE reactive epitopes. Analysis of supernatants of mouse spleen cells after stimulation with H1sD2 and D2, revealed a qualitatively different cytokine profile from H1sD2 immunized mouse cells (increase in IL10). CD8+ cells were decreased in the lymph node of D2 immunized mice, whereas H1sD2 immunization led to an increase of CD8+ cells in both the lymph node and the spleen. SIGNIFICANCE H1sD2 chimera attenuates Der p 2-inherent Th2 response and directs the immune response toward Th1 and Treg phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mrkić
- Innovation Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rajna Minić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera, Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Popović
- Department of Chemistry - IChTM, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Živković
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera, Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu XY, Yang KY, Wang MQ, Kwok JSL, Zeng X, Yang Z, Xiao XJ, Lau CPY, Li Y, Huang ZM, Ba JG, Yim AKY, Ouyang CY, Ngai SM, Chan TF, Leung ELH, Liu L, Liu ZG, Tsui SKW. High-quality assembly of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus genome and transcriptome reveals a wide range of novel allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2268-2271.e8. [PMID: 29305317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Kevin Yi Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jamie Sui-Lam Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Carol Po-Ying Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Jin-Ge Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | | | - Chun-Yan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- School of Life Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China.
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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11
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Rombauts S, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Dietary shifts have consequences for the repertoire of allergens produced by the European house dust mite. Med Vet Entomol 2017; 31:272-280. [PMID: 28429373 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Products manufactured from mass-cultured house dust mites, currently commercialized for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy, are heterogeneous in terms of allergen composition and thus present concerns to regulatory authorities. The most abundant species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae), produces 19 allergenic proteins. Many of these are putatively involved in mite digestive physiology and metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mite-rearing media on allergen production. Mites were adapted to feed on culture media supplemented with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or beard shavings, and collected to quantify major allergens (Der p 1 and 2) by immunodetection, transcription of allergen genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and allergen-related enzymatic activities. All culture media significantly affected the content of major allergens. Modification of macronutrients in the diet produced minor effects on the transcription of allergen genes, but significantly altered mite allergen-related activities. The most remarkable impacts were detected in mites feeding on beard shavings and were reflected in reductions in the content of major allergens, alterations in the transcription of nine allergen genes, and changes in eight allergen-related activities. These results demonstrate the importance of culture media to the quality and consistency of mite extracts used for pharmaceuticals, and highlight the need to further elucidate allergen production by mites in the laboratory and in domestic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vidal-Quist
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Ortego
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rombauts
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Castañera
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Hernández-Crespo
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Randall TA, London RE, Fitzgerald MC, Mueller GA. Proteases of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061204. [PMID: 28587273 PMCID: PMC5486027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery that Der p 1 is a cysteine protease, the role of proteolytic activity in allergic sensitization has been explored. There are many allergens with proteolytic activity; however, exposure from dust mites is not limited to allergens. In this paper, genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data on Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) was mined for information regarding the complete degradome of this house dust mite. D. pteronyssinus has more proteases than the closely related Acari, Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) and Sarcoptes scabiei (SS). The group of proteases in D. pteronyssinus is found to be more highly transcribed than the norm for this species. The distribution of protease types is dominated by the cysteine proteases like Der p 1 that account for about half of protease transcription by abundance, and Der p 1 in particular accounts for 22% of the total protease transcripts. In an analysis of protease stability, the group of allergens (Der p 1, Der p 3, Der p 6, and Der p 9) is found to be more stable than the mean. It is also statistically demonstrated that the protease allergens are simultaneously more highly expressed and more stable than the group of D. pteronyssinus proteases being examined, consistent with common assumptions about allergens in general. There are several significant non-allergen outliers from the normal group of proteases with high expression and high stability that should be examined for IgE binding. This paper compiles the first holistic picture of the D. pteronyssinus degradome to which humans may be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Randall
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Robert E London
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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13
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Chevigné A, Campizi V, Szpakowska M, Bourry D, Dumez ME, Martins JC, Matagne A, Galleni M, Jacquet A. The Lys-Asp-Tyr Triad within the Mite Allergen Der p 1 Propeptide Is a Critical Structural Element for the pH-Dependent Initiation of the Protease Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051087. [PMID: 28531096 PMCID: PMC5454996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major house dust mite allergen, Der p 1, is a papain-like cysteine protease expressed as an inactive precursor, proDer p 1, carrying an N-terminal propeptide with a unique structure. The maturation of the zymogen into an enzymatically-active form of Der p 1 is a multistep autocatalytic process initiated under acidic conditions through conformational changes of the propeptide, leading to the loss of its inhibitory ability and its subsequent gradual cleavage. The aims of this study were to characterize the residues present in the Der p 1 propeptide involved in the initiation of the zymogen maturation process, but also to assess the impact of acidic pH on the propeptide structure, the activity of Der p 1 and the fate of the propeptide. Using various complementary enzymatic and structural approaches, we demonstrated that a structural triad K17p-D51p-Y19p within the N-terminal domain of the propeptide is essential for its stabilization and the sensing of pH changes. Particularly, the protonation of D51p under acidic conditions unfolds the propeptide through disruption of the K17p-D51p salt bridge, reduces its inhibition capacity and unmasks the buried residues K17p and Y19p constituting the first maturation cleavage site of the zymogen. Our results also evidenced that this triad acts in a cooperative manner with other propeptide pH-responsive elements, including residues E56p and E80p, to promote the propeptide unfolding and/or to facilitate its proteolysis. Furthermore, we showed that acidic conditions modify Der p 1 proteolytic specificity and confirmed that the formation of the first intermediate represents the limiting step of the in vitro Der p 1 maturation process. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the early events of the mechanism of proDer p 1 maturation and identify a unique structural triad acting as a stabilizing and a pH-sensing regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chevigné
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Vincenzo Campizi
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - David Bourry
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Eve Dumez
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - André Matagne
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Moreno Galleni
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Cao T, Zhang Z, Liu ZG, Dou X, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wu B, Yu ZD, Wei Z, Yu B. High-level expression and purification of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 121:97-102. [PMID: 26812600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Der p 2, a major allergen derived from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, is one of the most clinically relevant allergens worldwide. Recombinant Der p 2 (rDer p 2) is useful in clinical diagnosis and disease-specific immunotherapy. However, previous studies showed that Der p 2 can only be expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells as inclusion bodies, thus protein refolding is required to obtain functional products. Here we report a new method to produce biologically active Der p 2 protein in E. coli. N-terminal hexahistidine- and trigger factor (TF)-tagged Der p 2 was expressed in soluble form in E. coli and purified using a combination of chromatography processes. This procedure produced milligram-level high purity Der p 2 per liter of bacterial culture. Moreover, far-UV region circular dichroism (CD) analysis and serum specific IgE reactivity test demonstrated that the secondary structure and IgE reactivity properties of rDer p 2 produced in our study were almost identical to those of natural Der p 2 (nDer p 2). In conclusion, the method developed in this work provides a useful tool for the production of immunologically active recombinant Der p 2 for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Liu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Li CP, Zhao BB, Jiang YX, Diao JD, Li N, Lu W. [Analysis of sensitization effect of chimeric allergen TAT-IhC-R8 derived from major allergen group 1 genes of dust mites]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2015; 27:485-489. [PMID: 26930932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the sensitization effect of allergen TAT-IhC-R8, derived from major allergen group 1 genes of dust mites. METHODS Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely PBS group, ovalbumin (OVA) group, R8 group and TAT-IhC-R8 (TIR8) group, 10 mice each group. All the mice in OVA, R8 and TIR8 groups were treated with corresponding allergens (10 µg/ml) on the 0, 7th and 14th day by intraperitoneal injection and nebulized inhalation on day 21 with the concentration of 30 min/d for 7 days. The mice in PBS group were treated with PBS. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, all the mice were sacrificed, their bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and sera were collected and their spleen cells were cultured. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IFN-γ and IL-13 in BALFs and supernatants of cultured splenocytes (SCSs) of the mice, as well as the levels of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), IgG, and IgG2 in their sera. The number of white blood cells and eosinophils in BALF were calculated. In addition, the airway inflammation and mucus secretion were analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS Compared with the PBS group, the lung inflammations of mice in the OVA, R8 and TIR8 groups were observed obviously, including inflammatory infiltration, bronchial epithelial cell breakage and falling off, as well as vasculitis. The numbers of the total white blood cells and eosinophils in BALF of mice in the TIR8 group were significantly more than those in the OVA and R8 groups (all P < 0.01). The IL-13 levels in BALFs and SCSs of mice in the TIR8 group were significantly higher than those in the OVA group and R8 group (all P < 0.01). However, the level of IFN-γ of mice in the TIR8 group was lower than those in the latter 2 groups (all P < 0.01). In addition, the levels of sera sIgE and IgG of mice from the TIR8 group were significantly higher than those in the OVA group and R8 group (all P < 0.01), but the level of IgG2a of the former was significantly lower than those of the latter groups (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS TAT-IhC-R8 can effectively stimulate lung inflammations of mice, and its sensitization effect is better than R8's.
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16
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Lombardero M, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Allergen expression in the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus throughout development and response to environmental conditions. Med Vet Entomol 2015; 29:137-146. [PMID: 25565338 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites are a major source of allergy worldwide. While diagnosis and treatment based on mite extracts have remarkably advanced, little information exists on the expression of allergens in mites. We have studied gene expression of eight Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) allergens (Der p 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 21). All allergens showed higher transcription in nymphs compared with larvae or adults, with the only exception of Der p 10. The transcription of Der p 4 and Der p 10, together with the transcription and protein ratios Der p 1 to Der p 2, were higher in males than in females. One-week exposure of mite cultures to 16 or 35 °C (versus 24 °C) or low RH (44% versus 76%) significantly influenced the allergen gene transcription profile. Our results demonstrate that allergen expression is quantitatively and/or qualitatively influenced by mite development and sex, as well as by the environment. We suggest that monitoring allergen gene expression may be a useful tool to assist the optimization of mite cultures in the production of standardized allergenic extracts for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vidal-Quist
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Xu HF, Zhu HB, Xu PF, Li CP, Wang KX. [Effect of immunotherapy of recombinant chimeric epitopes of major allergen group 1 from Dermatophagoides farina on asthma of mice]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2015; 27:49-52. [PMID: 26094414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of immunotherapy of recombinant chimeric epitopes of major allergen group 1 from Dermatophagoides farina on asthma of mice. METHODS Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: a negative control group, an asthma group, an immunotherapy group of Der f 1, and an immunotherapy group of Der f lA. On the 1st, 7th and 14th day, the mice in the asthma group, immunotherapy group of Der f 1, and immunotherapy group of Der f 1A were injected intraperitoneally with the extract of D. farina 3 times to sensitize; and on the 21st day, the atomized inhalation was carried out for 7 days. In the control group, phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was applied for sensitization and inhalation. In the immunotherapy groups, Der f 1 and Der f 1A were applied to carry out the specific immunotherapy respectively for 30 min before the inhalation. Then, the leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were numbered and the pathological sections of lung tissues were observed; IL-5 and IFN-γ in BALF and spleen cell culture supernatants (SCCS) as well as the specific IgE, IgG2a in the sera were detected. RESULTS Compared with the asthma group, the lung inflammation of mice in the immunotherapy groups was lightened, and the total numbers of leukocytes in BALF were significantly reduced; IL-5 was significantly reduced and IFN-γ was significantly increased in BALF and SCCS of mice in the immunotherapy groups; and the specific IgE was significantly reduced and IgG2a was significantly increased in the sera of mice in the immunotherapy groups (all P< 0.01). CONCLUSION The recombinant chimeric epitopes of major allergen group 1 from D. farina could effectively relieve the symptom of asthma in mice, so as to provide the evidence for specific immunotherapy.
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18
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Banerjee S, Resch Y, Chen KW, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, Novak N, Wickman M, van Hage M, Ferrara R, Mari A, Purohit A, Pauli G, Sibanda EN, Ndlovu P, Thomas WR, Krzyzanek V, Tacke S, Malkus U, Valent P, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Der p 11 is a major allergen for house dust mite-allergic patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:102-109. [PMID: 24999597 PMCID: PMC4636057 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) belong to the most potent indoor allergen sources worldwide and are associated with allergic manifestations in the respiratory tract and the skin. Here we studied the importance of the high-molecular-weight group 11 allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 11) in HDM allergy. Sequence analysis showed that Der p 11 has high homology to paramyosins from mites, ticks, and other invertebrates. A synthetic gene coding for Der p 11 was expressed in Escherichia coli and rDer p 11 purified to homogeneity as folded, alpha-helical protein as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Using antibodies raised against rDer p 11 and immunogold electron microscopy, the allergen was localized in the muscle beneath the skin of mite bodies but not in feces. IgE reactivity of rDer p 11 was tested with sera from HDM-allergic patients from Europe and Africa in radioallergosorbent test-based dot-blot assays. Interestingly, we found that Der p 11 is a major allergen for patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD), whereas it is only a minor allergen for patients suffering from respiratory forms of HDM allergy. Thus, rDer p 11 might be a useful serological marker allergen for the identification of a subgroup of HDM-allergic patients suffering from HDM-associated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinita Banerjee
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kuan-Wei Chen
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Sachs' Children's Hospital and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Adriano Mari
- Center for Molecular Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Wayne R Thomas
- Center for Child Health Research, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Tacke
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ursula Malkus
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Development of Allergen Chips, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Shafique RH, Klimov PB, Inam M, Chaudhary FR, OConnor BM. Group 1 Allergen Genes in Two Species of House Dust Mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae): Direct Sequencing, Characterization and Polymorphism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114636. [PMID: 25494056 PMCID: PMC4262422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 1 allergens of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1) and D. pteronyssinus (Der p 1) dominate overall allergic responses in house dust mite allergy patients. The need for accurate identification and characterization of representative variants of group 1 allergens in any given geographic locality has been emphasized for development of appropriate allergen extracts. Regional amino acid sequence polymorphism has been described but the extent of this polymorphism is not well understood. Such data are completely absent for the USA and many other countries. Most previous studies used cDNA libraries generated by reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or primers amplifying shorter fragments of this gene. Using novel species-specific primers and direct PCR, we document group 1 allergen gene sequence polymorphism in populations of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus from the USA and Pakistan. We report two novel introns (nt pos 87 and 291) in both species, and the absence of intron 3 in Der p 1. Thirteen silent and one novel non-synonymous mutation (Tryptophan W197 to Arginine R197) were detected in D. farinae. The potential medical significance of the latter mutation is discussed. Two haplotypes of the Der f 1 gene were identified, haplotype 1 (63%) was more frequent than haplotype 2 (18%). Polymorphism in Der f 1 displayed geographical localization, since both haplotypes were present in mite populations from Pakistan whereas haplotype 1 was observed only in the USA. In Der p 1, a silent mutation at nt (aa) position 1011(149) and four non-synonymous mutations at positions 589(50), 935(124), 971(136), 1268(215) were observed. These mutations were reported from many other geographic regions, suggesting that polymorphism in the Der p 1 gene is panmictic. The extent of polymorphism in both genes is substantially lower than that reported previously (0.10–0.16% vs 0.31–0.49%), indicating the need for careful evaluation of potential polymerase errors in studies utilizing RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaba Hamid Shafique
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel B. Klimov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Faculty of Biology, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Muhammad Inam
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Riaz Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Barry M. OConnor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Sun T, Yin K, Wu LY, Jin WJ, Li Y, Sheng B, Jiang YX. A DNA vaccine encoding a chimeric allergen derived from major group 1 allergens of dust mite can be used for specific immunotherapy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5473-5483. [PMID: 25337189 PMCID: PMC4203160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunization with DNA-based constructs has been shown to be against the antigen and the response is skewed in such a way as to ameliorate the symptoms of allergic disease. This approach is particularly useful in the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. The major group 1 allergen from house dust mites is one of the triggers of allergic asthma. This study explores whether a chimeric gene R8, derived from the major group 1 allergen of house dust mite species (Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), can be expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells (HEK 293 T) and whether such a construct can be used as a DNA vaccine in asthma therapy. The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 was used to express the R8 molecule in HEK 293 T cells and successful expression of R8 was confirmed using a fluorescence microscope and western blot analysis. The efficacy of R8 as DNA vaccine was also assessed in a mouse asthma model. The in vivo data showed that R8 rectified the TH1/TH2 imbalance typical of allergic inflammation and stimulated the proliferation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immunization with the R8 construct also decreased serum allergen-specific IgE production in this mouse asthma model. Our findings suggest that R8 may be a feasible potential DNA vaccine for specific immunotherapy (SIT) in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/biosynthesis
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/genetics
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Arthropod Proteins/biosynthesis
- Arthropod Proteins/genetics
- Arthropod Proteins/immunology
- Asthma/blood
- Asthma/diagnosis
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/therapy
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cell Proliferation
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/immunology
- Dermatophagoides farinae/genetics
- Dermatophagoides farinae/immunology
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/genetics
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Precursors/biosynthesis
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Kang Yin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lu-Yi Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, China
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21
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Jiang YX, Yin K, Jin WJ, Wu LY, Li CP. [Experimental study on the Der f 1 mRNA molecules derived from dermatophagoides farinae for specific immunotherapy on murine model of asthma]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2014; 32:268-273. [PMID: 25518589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Der f 1 mRNA molecules for specific immunotherapy on murine model of asthma. METHODS Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: PBS group, Der f 1 sensitization group, Der f 1 specific immunotherapy (SIT) group, beta-actin mRNA SIT group, and Derf 1 mRNA SIT group. On days 0, 7 and 14, mice in PBS group received PBS injection; mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 microg Derf 1. At day 21, the mice in the 4 experimental groups were challenged with a 30-min inhaled dose of Der f 1 (100 microg/ml) for 7 successive days. Two weeks after the final sensitization, the mice in the above five groups were im- munized by intradermal injection with PBS, 1 microg Der f 1, 10 microg Der f 1, 2 microg beta-actin mRNA, and 2 microg Der f 1 mRNA, respectively for 3 times at one-week intervals. Two weeks after the last intradermal injection, all mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-13 in BALF, the number of eosinophils in the BALF was recorded. Splenocytes were prepared, and cultured with Der f 1 al- lergen (10 Jg/ml) for 72 h. Splenocytes of PBS group was cultured without Derf 1 allergen. The levels of IFN-gamma and IL-13 in splenocyte culture supernatant were measured by ELISA, as well as serum antibody levels of total IgE, allergen- specific IgE (sIgE), sIgG1, and sIgG2a. Lung sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin, and observed under the microsope. RESULTS Except for PBS group, mice in the other 4 group showed symptoms of acute asthma attack. Com- pared with Derf 1 sensitization group [(897.56 +/- 105.73) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(219.47 +/- 64.72) pg/ml], the level of IFN-gamma in BALF from Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(897.56 +/- 105.73) pg/ml] and Derfl SIT group [(864.48 +/- 70.62)pg/ml] significantly increased (P<0.01). However, the level of IL-13 in BALF from Derf 1 mRNA SIT group [(241.64 +/- 31.41) pg/ml] and Derf 1 SIT group [(321.94 +/- 41.07)pg/ml] was significantly lower than that of Der f 1 sensitization group [(520.62 +/- 43.77) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(507.22 +/- 42.26) pg/ml](P<0.01). The number of eosinophils in Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(1.33 +/- 0.44) x 10(5)/ml] and Der f 1 SIT group [(1.48 +/- 0.39) x 10(5)/ml] was also lower than that of Der f 1 sensitization group [(3.54 +/- 0.52)x10(5)/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(2.98-0.53) x 10(5)/ml] (P<0.01). The levels of IFN-GAMMA and IL-13 in splenocyte culture supernatant showed that IFN-gamma level in Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(420.91+69.92) pg/ml] and Der f 1 SIT group [(334.92 +/- 43.72) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that of Der f 1 sensitization group[(123.75 +/- 5.48) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group[(128.84 +/- 59.00) pg/ml] (P<0.01). However, IL-13 level of Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(268.51 +/- 40.42) pg/ml] and Der f 1 SIT group [(285.26 +/- 62.21) pg/ml] was significantly lower than that of Derf 1 sensitization group [(613.89 +/- 51.54) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(524.05 +/- 39.12) pg/ml] (P<0.01). Compared with Der f 1 sensitization group [total IgE: (94.34 +/- 11.66) ng/ml, sIgE: (65.67 +/- 9.47) ng/ml, sIgG1: (75.18 +/- 9.52) ng/ml, sIgG2a: (2.81 +/- 1.17) ng/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group[total IgE: (86.48 +/- 10.26) ng/ml, sIgE: (62.36 +/- 8.35) ng/ml, sIgG1: (69.51 +/- 8.98) ng/ml, IgG2a: (1.06 +/- 0.11) ng/ml], the serum antibody levels of total IgE [(33.72 +/- 9.78) ng/ml], sIgE [(22.76 +/- 8.09) ng/ml], sIgG1 [(17.87 +/- 7.59) ng/ml] of Der f 1 mRNA SIT group decreased significantly (P<0.01), whereas the level of IgG% [(7.74 +/- 0.88) ng/ml] increased (P<0.01). Compared with Der f 1 sensitization group, the asthmatic symptoms were relieved after immunization with Der f 1 mRNA for specific immunotherapy, including intact structure of respiratory and alveolar epithelial cells, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and similar to those in Der f 1 SIT group. However, the breakage and detachment of bronchial epithelial cells occurred in beta-actin mRNA SIT group. CONCLUSION Derf 1 mRNA vaccine can correct Th1 and Th2 imbalance.
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Zhao BB, Diao JD, Liu ZM, Li CP, Jiang YX. Generation of a chimeric dust mite hypoallergen using DNA shuffling for application in allergen-specific immunotherapy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:3608-3619. [PMID: 25120738 PMCID: PMC4128973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment that provides long lasting relief of allergy symptoms. Unfortunately, SIT-based traditional remedies carry the risk of producing local and/or systemic side effects. To improve the safety and efficacy of SIT, it has been proposed that SIT must utilize allergens that are hypoallergenic but hyperimmunogenic. Therefore, we used DNA shuffling to generate mutant genes encoding hypoallergens with potent immunogenicity and screened them for their capacity to modify the allergic response. We tentatively shuffled the major group 1 allergen genes from house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and discovered a novel chimeric gene, termed C 1. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the chimeric protein C 1 was purified. An animal model of asthma demonstrated that C 1 not only decreased the production of serum IgE and IgG1, and inhibited the production of IL-4 and IL-5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). C 1 also boosted the levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ, which may demonstrate a rebalance of TH1 and TH2 allergic response. Additionally, flow cytometry showed that the immunogenicity of C 1 was higher than that of ProDer f 1, but was not significantly different from that of ProDer p 1. Our findings suggest that the C 1 is hypoallergenic and yet highly immunogenic, which makes it potentially safe and effective for use in SIT of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Dong Diao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Pin Li
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
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23
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Sun JX, Yu LL, Zhou Y, Bian YH, Yang L, Wang N, Cui YB. [Cloning, expression and analysis of Der f Mag 29 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:480-482. [PMID: 24818419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The full-length Mag 29 gene of Dermatophagoides farinae was amplified by RT-PCR with a pair of specific primers. The PCR product was cloned into pCold TF DNA vector. The constructed plasmid pCold TF-Mag 29 was transformed into E. coli BL21 and followed by expression of the protein induced by IPTG. The recombinant protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The full-length Mag 29 gene was 429 bp. A specific band (Mr 63,000) were detected in the whole cells, the supernatant, and the precipitate. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Mag 29 protein was composed with 142 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of Mr 15,100, and its secondary structure was composed of alpha helix (55.63%), extended strand (3.52%), and random coil (40.85%). The Mag 29 allergen was a hydrophilic and cytoplasmic protein, and shared a high degree homology with the heat shock protein 70 family.
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Krohn IK, Sverrild A, Lund G, Dahl R, Erjefält JS, Backer V, Hoffmann HJ. Cultured mast cells from patients with asthma and controls respond with similar sensitivity to recombinant Der p2-induced, IgE-mediated activation. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:352-6. [PMID: 23790102 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The function of cultured mast cells may depend on genetic or environmental influence on the stem cell donor. This study investigates whether asthma or atopy in the donor influenced the growth and sensitivity of mast cells cultured from patients with asthma and healthy controls under identical conditions. Mast cells were cultured from peripheral blood from twelve patients with an objectively confirmed asthma diagnosis and eight healthy subjects. During the last 2 weeks of culture, mast cells were incubated with IL-4 and 80 kU/l recombinant human IgE containing two clones (7% + 7%) specific for mite allergen Der p2. The sensitivity of IgE-mediated activation of mast cells was investigated as FcεRI-mediated upregulation of CD63. Ten subjects were atopic, defined as a positive skin prick test (>3 mm) to at least one of ten common allergens. After activation with recombinant Der p2, the maximum CD63 median fluorescence intensity was 20 456 ± 1640 (SE) for patients with asthma and 22,275 ± 1971 (SE) for controls (ns). The fraction of CD63 positive cells was 54.4% in patients with asthma and 48.4% in controls (ns). The allergen concentration inducing 50% of the maximal CD63 response was similar in patients with asthma [-0.4795 log ng/ml ± 0.092 (SE)] and controls (-0.6351 log ng/ml ± 0.083, ns) and in atopic and non-atopic subjects. When cultured, sensitized and activated under identical conditions, mast cells from allergic asthmatics and healthy controls respond similar. Activation of cultured mast cells appears to depend on culture conditions (IL-4, IgE) rather than on donor status as atopy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Krohn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Acevedo N, Mohr J, Zakzuk J, Samonig M, Briza P, Erler A, Pomés A, Huber CG, Ferreira F, Caraballo L. Proteomic and immunochemical characterization of glutathione transferase as a new allergen of the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78353. [PMID: 24223794 PMCID: PMC3817249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections and allergy have evolutionary and clinical links. Infection with the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides induces IgE against several molecules including invertebrate pan-allergens. These antibodies influence the pathogenesis and diagnosis of allergy; therefore, studying parasitic and non-parasitic allergens is essential to understand both helminth immunity and allergy. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) from cockroach and house dust mites are clinically relevant allergens and comparative studies between them and the GST from A. lumbricoides (GSTA) are necessary to evaluate their allergenicity. We sought to analyze the allergenic potential of GSTA in connection with the IgE response to non-parasitic GSTs. IgE to purified GSTs from Ascaris (nGSTA and rGSTA), house dust mites (rDer p 8, nBlo t 8 and rBlo t 8), and cockroach (rBla g 5) was measured by ELISA in subjects from Cartagena, Colombia. Also, multidimensional proteomic approaches were used to study the extract of A. lumbricoides and investigate the existence of GST isoforms. We found that among asthmatics, the strength of IgE levels to GSTA was significantly higher than to mite and cockroach GSTs, and there was a strong positive correlation between IgE levels to these molecules. Specific IgE to GSTA was found in 13.2% of controls and 19.5% of asthmatics. In addition nGSTA induced wheal and flare in skin of sensitized asthmatics indicating that it might be of clinical relevance for some patients. Frequency and IgE levels to GSTA were higher in childhood and declined with age. At least six GST isoforms in A. lumbricoides bind human IgE. Four isoforms were the most abundant and several amino acid substitutions were found, mainly on the N-terminal domain. In conclusion, a new allergenic component of Ascaris has been discovered; it could have clinical impact in allergic patients and influence the diagnosis of mite and cockroach allergy in tropical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jens Mohr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Martin Samonig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Erler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences, Cartagena, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Zheng MY, Wu YL, Yan H, Ji KM, Liu ZG. [Cloning, expression and identification of Der f7 gene from Dermatophagoides farinae and its immunological characteristics]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:363-366. [PMID: 24818391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clone and express Der f7 gene of Dermatophagoides farinae, and identify its immunogenicity. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from D. farinae mites. A reference sequence (Accession No. AY283292) was used to design specific primers. The Der f7 gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR, and cloned into pET-32a vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and induced with IPTG for protein expression. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni2+ chelating affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS The Der f7 gene fragment was about 650 bp, and shared 99% homology with the published one (Accession No. FJ436108). SDS-PAGE result showed its relative molecular weight (M(r)) of 23 000. The recombinant protein showed appropriate combination ability with IgE in sera of mite allergic patients. CONCLUSION Der f 7 gene has been expressed in prokaryotic expression system and shows allergenicity.
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Dumez ME, Herman J, Campisi V, Bouaziz A, Rosu F, Luxen A, Vandenberghe I, de Pauw E, Frère JM, Matagne A, Chevigné A, Galleni M. The proline-rich motif of the proDer p 3 allergen propeptide is crucial for protease-protease interaction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68014. [PMID: 24073192 PMCID: PMC3779199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of proteases are synthesized in an inactive form, termed zymogen, which consists of a propeptide and a protease domain. The propeptide is commonly involved in the correct folding and specific inhibition of the enzyme. The propeptide of the house dust mite allergen Der p 3, NPILPASPNAT, contains a proline-rich motif (PRM), which is unusual for a trypsin-like protease. By truncating the propeptide or replacing one or all of the prolines in the non-glycosylated zymogen with alanine(s), we demonstrated that the full-length propeptide is not required for correct folding and thermal stability and that the PRM is important for the resistance of proDer p 3 to undesired proteolysis when the protein is expressed in Pichia pastoris. Additionally, we followed the maturation time course of proDer p 3 by coupling a quenched-flow assay to mass spectrometry analysis. This approach allowed to monitor the evolution of the different species and to determine the steady-state kinetic parameters for activation of the zymogen by the major allergen Der p 1. This experiment demonstrated that prolines 5 and 8 are crucial for proDer p 3-Der p 1 interaction and for activation of the zymogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Dumez
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Herman
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Campisi
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ahlem Bouaziz
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.), GIGA-R, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Centre de Recherches du cyclotron, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabel Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35B, Gent, Belgium
| | - Edwin de Pauw
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.), GIGA-R, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Frère
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire d'enzymologie et repliement des protéines, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Matagne
- Laboratoire d'enzymologie et repliement des protéines, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Moreno Galleni
- Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Tai HY, Zhou JK, Chou H, Tam MF, Chen YS, Sheu SY, Shen HD. Epitope mapping and in silico characterization of interactions between Der p 7 allergen and MoAb WH9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71269. [PMID: 23940735 PMCID: PMC3734125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Der p 7 is an important house dust mite allergen. However, antigenic determinants of Der p 7 are largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of Der p 7 and determine the structural basis of interactions between Der p 7 and WH9, an IgE-binding inhibition mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb). IgE and WH9-reactive determinant(s) was identified by immunoblot using allergen mutants. A 3-D binary complex structure of Der p 7 and WH9 was simulated with homology modeling and docking methods. Our results obtained showed that among the five Der p 7 mutants (S156A, I157A, L158A, D159A, P160A), serum no. 1045 with IgE-binding against Der p 7 exhibited a reduced IgE immunoblot reactivity against Der p 7 L158A and D159A mutants. WH9 showed reduced immunoblot reactivity against S156A, L158A, D159A and P160A and the observation was confirmed by immunoblot inhibition. The WH9-binding determinant on Der p 7 containing S156, L158, D159 and P160 assumes a loop-like structure. The structural model of the Der p 7-WH9 complex suggests residues S156, I157, L158, D159 and P160 of Der p 7 contribute to WH9 binding via potential hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In conclusion, MoAb WH9 interacts with critical residues L158 and D159 of Der p 7 and inhibits IgE-binding to Der p 7. Results obtained advance our understanding on molecular and structural bases of the antigenicity of Der p 7, its interactions with MoAb WH9 and facilitate the design of safer immunotherapy of human atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Tai
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Kai Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong Chou
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming F. Tam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yu-Sen Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheh-Yi Sheu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Der Shen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Li C, Jiang Y, Guo W, Liu Z. Production of a chimeric allergen derived from the major allergen group 1 of house dust mite species in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:531-7. [PMID: 23354320 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants are widely accepted as a general platform for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins, which has been demonstrated by the successful expression of various exogenous proteins. Using plants as a bioreactor for mass production of target proteins for vaccines is thought to show the most potential. This study explores whether a chimeric allergen R8, derived from the major allergen group 1 of house dust mites species (Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), is expressed in tobacco. The highly efficient and useful Tobacco mosaic virus RNA-based overexpression (TRBO) vector was used to investigate expression of the R8 molecule in tobacco by agroinfection. Presence of R8 was detected using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Purified allergens were characterized using IgE-binding activity assay and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in murine asthmatic models. The recombinant R8 was successfully expressed in tobacco leaves. The pro-peptide was observed in the herbaceous leaf extracts. This protein exhibits properties similar to the parental allergen ProDer f 1 expressed in Escherichia coli or tobacco with respect to IgE immunoreactivity. R8 also rectifies imbalance of TH1/TH2 cells. An herbaceous plant expression system model allows mass production of R8, which might be used in the future for diagnosis of asthma or production of a candidate vaccine for allergen-specific immunotherapy of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopin Li
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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30
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Cui Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Ma G, Yang L. The group 10 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae): cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in Escherichia coli BL21. J Med Entomol 2013; 50:205-208. [PMID: 23427671 DOI: 10.1603/me12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, American house dust mite, is highly allergenic, producing symptoms in people worldwide. Identifying and cloning the allergens in this species may enable better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here, we cloned, sequenced, and expressed the full-length cDNA encoding D. farinae group 10 allergen (Der f 10) isolated from dust mites in China. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the 888 bp sequence encoded a cytoskeleton protein 295 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of approximately equal 34 kDa. Sequence alignment with the group 10 allergens of Pyroglyphidae, Acaridae, and Glycyphagidae families revealed that the group 10 allergen from D. farinae is 95% similar to D. pteronyssinus Trouessart and Psoroptes ovis (Hering). These findings lay the groundwork for future studies, including large-scale production of recombinant Der f 10 allergen for diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Jiefangnan Road 263, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Yancheng 224006, P. R. China.
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31
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Jeong KY, Lee IY, Yong TS, Lee JH, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Hong CS, Park JW. Sequence polymorphisms of Der f 1, Der p 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 from Korean house dust mite isolates. Exp Appl Acarol 2012; 58:35-42. [PMID: 22535483 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid sequence variations have possible influences on the allergenicity of allergens and may be important factors in allergen standardization. This study was undertaken to investigate the sequence polymorphisms of group 1 and 2 allergens from Korean isolates of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. cDNA sequences encoding group 1 and 2 allergens were amplified by RT-PCR and compared the deduced amino acid sequences. Der f 1.0101, which appeared in 64.0 % of the 50 sequences analyzed, was found to be predominant. Among the Der p 1 sequences, Der p 1.0102 and 1.0105 were predominant (58 %). Among the Der f 2 sequences, Der f 2.0102 (40.7 %) and a new variant with Gly at position 42 (27.8 %) were predominant. The deduced amino acid sequences of 60 Der p 2 clones were examined, and 28 variants with 1-5 amino acid substitutions were found. Interestingly, all of the Der p 2 sequences had Thr instead of Lys at position 49. Two variants (Leu40, Thr49, and Asn114 (26.6 %); Val40, Thr49, and Asn114 (20.0 %)) were found to be the most predominant forms of Der p 2. Der p 1 has a high rate of sporadic substitutions and the group 2 allergens show a more regular pattern with orderly associations of amino acid substitutions. Der f 1 and Der p 2 from Korean mite isolates have unique amino acid sequence polymorphisms. These findings provide important data for house dust mite allergen standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.
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32
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Marconi G, Albertini E, Mari A, Palazzo P, Porceddu A, Raggi L, Bolis L, Lancioni H, Palomba A, Lucentini L, Lanfaloni L, Marcucci F, Falcinelli M, Panara F. In planta expression of a mature Der p 1 allergen isolated from an Italian strain of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Transgenic Res 2012; 21:523-35. [PMID: 21904913 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
European (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and American (Dermatophagoides farinae) house dust mite species are considered the most common causes of asthma and allergic symptoms worldwide. Der p 1 protein, one of the main allergens of D. pteronyssinus, is found in high concentration in mites faecal pellets, which can became easily airborne and, when inhaled, can cause perennial rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Here we report the isolation of the Der p 1 gene from an Italian strain of D. pteronyssinus and the PVX-mediated expression of its mature form (I-rDer p 1) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Human sera from characterized allergic patients were used for IgE binding inhibition assays to test the immunological reactivity of I-rDer p 1 produced in N. benthamiana plants. The binding properties of in planta produced I-rDer p 1 versus the IgE of patients sera were comparable to those obtained on Der p 1 preparation immobilized on a microarray. In this paper we provide a proof of concept for the production of an immunologically active form of Der p 1 using a plant viral vector. These results pave the way for the development of diagnostic allergy tests based on in planta produced allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Marconi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Applicata, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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33
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Hiroi T, Kaminuma O, Takaiwa F. Vaccination with transgenic rice seed expressing mite allergen: a new option for asthma sufferers? Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1249-51. [PMID: 21919612 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Tan KW, Kumar S, Chew FT, Mok YK. Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a major group 7 allergen, Der f 7, from the dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1612-1615. [PMID: 22139179 PMCID: PMC3232152 DOI: 10.1107/s174430911103836x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Der f 7 is a major group 7 allergen from the dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae that shows 86% sequence identity to the homologous allergen Der p 7 from D. pteronyssinus. Der f 7 was successfully overexpressed in an Escherichia coli expression system and purified to homogeneity using Ni-NTA affinity and size-exclusion column chromatography. SeMet-labelled Der f 7 was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using a reservoir solution consisting of 0.1 M bis-tris pH 7.4 and 28% polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2000 at 293 K. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.24 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic system, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 50.19, b = 58.67, c = 123.81 Å. Based on the estimated Matthews coefficient (2.16 Å(3) Da(-1)), two molecules of Der f 7 could be present in the asymmetric unit of the crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sundramurthy Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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35
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Suzuki K, Kaminuma O, Yang L, Takai T, Mori A, Umezu-Goto M, Ohtomo T, Ohmachi Y, Noda Y, Hirose S, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Takada K, Hirasawa M, Hiroi T, Takaiwa F. Prevention of allergic asthma by vaccination with transgenic rice seed expressing mite allergen: induction of allergen-specific oral tolerance without bystander suppression. Plant Biotechnol J 2011; 9:982-990. [PMID: 21447056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the feasibility of oral immunotherapy for bronchial asthma using a newly developed subunit vaccine in which a fragment (p45-145) of mite allergen (Der p 1) containing immunodominant human and mouse T cell epitopes was encapsulated in endoplasmic reticulum-derived protein bodies of transgenic (Tg) rice seed. Allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin responses, T cell proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine production, airway inflammatory cell infiltration, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) and lung histology were investigated in allergen-immunized and -challenged mice. Prophylactic oral vaccination with the Tg rice seeds clearly reduced the serum levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG. Allergen-induced CD4(+) T cell proliferation and production of Th2 cytokines in vitro, infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils and mononuclear cells into the airways and BHR were also inhibited by oral vaccination. The effects of the vaccine were antigen-specific immune response because the levels of specific IgE and IgG in mice immunized with Der f 2 or ovalbumin were not significantly suppressed by oral vaccination with the Der p 1 expressing Tg rice. Thus, the vaccine does not induce nonspecific bystander suppression, which has been a problem with many oral tolerance regimens. These results suggest that our novel vaccine strategy is a promising approach for allergen-specific oral immunotherapy against allergic diseases including bronchial asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/genetics
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/metabolism
- Arthropod Proteins/genetics
- Arthropod Proteins/immunology
- Arthropod Proteins/metabolism
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/prevention & control
- Asthma/therapy
- Bystander Effect
- Cell Proliferation
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/immunology
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Desensitization, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oryza/genetics
- Oryza/immunology
- Oryza/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Pyroglyphidae/immunology
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/immunology
- Seeds/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Edible/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Edible/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Suzuki
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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36
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Bessot JC, Pauli G. Mite allergens: an overview. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 43:141-156. [PMID: 22145250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mite allergens from the Pyroglyphidae family are the most frequent and potent sources of perennial asthma and rhinitis. Since 1988 molecular knowledge has considerably increased and structures and functions have been determined for most of them. Of the 22 denominated allergens, Der p 1 and Der p 2 are major allergens recognized by more than 80% of lgE from Dpt allergic patients in Europe. Der p 4, Der p 5 and Der p 7 appeared to be intermediate allergens. The binding of IgE to groups 3, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 20 is constantly low. Most of the allergens can be identified by amino-acid sequences and the tertiary structure of the major allergens has been solved. Most Dpt mite allergens are proteolytic enzymes: Der p 1 for instance is a cysteine protease. Der p 2 has structural homology with MD-2, a co-receptor of the Toll-like receptor (TLR4) whose ligand is LPS. Knowledge of the mite allergens structure has allowed a better interpretation of cross reactions between allergens from the same family or from more distant families. From a practical point of view molecular epidemiology has allowed a better choice of allergen molecules useful for diagnosis. Finally, new concepts of immunotherapy based on genetically engineered hypoallergenic variants of major allergens, used alone or in combination, can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bessot
- Ariale, Bâtiment Ancienne Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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37
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Chou H, Tam MF, Lee SS, Tang RB, Lin TH, Tai HY, Chen YS, Shen HD. Asp159 is a critical core amino acid of an IgE-binding and cross-reactive epitope of a dust mite allergen Der f 7. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:2130-4. [PMID: 21820178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Der f 7 and Der p 7 are important house dust mite allergens with known structure and suggested biological function recently. However, their IgE-binding determinants remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify the IgE-reactive epitopes of Der f 7 and the determinants of IgE-mediated cross-reactivity between Der f 7 and Der p 7. IgE-reactive determinants were identified by immunodot blot inhibition using synthetic overlapping peptides, allergen mutants, and a Der f 7 structural model. Our results showed that synthetic peptides with sequence (156)SILDP(160) on Der f 7 bind IgE in two of the 30 asthmatic serum samples tested. Recombinant Der f 7 I157A, L158A, or D159A mutants have reduced IgE-binding activity. Inhibition experiments confirmed Asp159 as a critical core residue for IgE-binding. Among Der p 7, Der f 7 and Der f 7 mutants with single substitution between residues 156 and 160, only the D159A mutant cannot inhibit significantly IgE-binding against Der p 7. Therefore, Asp159 contributes to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity between Der f 7 and Der p 7. The structural model constructed for Der f 7 suggests that the IgE-binding epitope forms a loop-like structure on the surface of the molecule. In conclusion, Asp 159 is a critical core residue of an IgE-binding and IgE-mediated cross-reactive epitope (156)SILDP(160) of Der f 7. Results obtained from this study provide more information on molecular and structural features related to allergenicity, underlying basis of IgE cross-reactivity between allergens, and in designing safer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chou
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Shih-Pai, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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38
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Wang X, Yang Q, Wang P, Luo L, Chen Z, Liao B, Li G. Derp2-mutant gene vaccine inhibits airway inflammation and up-regulates Toll-like receptor 9 in an allergic asthmatic mouse model. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2010; 28:287-293. [PMID: 21337914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A DNA vaccine encoding the whole segment of the Derp2 allergen could prevent allergic airway inflammation in a Derp2 allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation mouse model. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of DNA vaccine encoding Derp2-mutant gene in which an IgE epitope was deleted on airway inflammation and the role of TLR9 in the asthmatic mouse model. METHODS A Derp2-mutant DNA vaccine was constructed. Mice were immunized, sensitized and challenged. Airway inflammation, airway hyper reactivity (AHR) and serum antibody were tested. The expression of Toll like receptor9 (TLR9) was detected with western-blot and immunehistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrated that the Derp2-mutant-DNA induced IgG2a and inhibited IgE production, inhibited airway allergenic inflammation and AHR. Derp2-mutant-DNA vaccine induce TLR9 expression in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that allergen DNA vaccine deleted IgE epitope could prevent allergenic airway inflammation, AHR, and upregulate lung TLR9 express.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/genetics
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/metabolism
- Asthma/blood
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/therapy
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Engineering
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
- Vaccines, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Disease Lab, Affiliated Hospital of Lu Zhou Medical College, Sichuan province, China
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39
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Thomas WR. Geography of house dust mite allergens. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2010; 28:211-224. [PMID: 21337903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider how the different distribution of house dust mites and their species in different geographical locations affects the allergens in the environment and their use. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from Medline, Genbank and library and web searches. STUDY SELECTIONS A comprehensive description of the genetic variations of allergens is given. The distribution of house dust mites is illustrated with publications that either make pertinent observations or would be useful for a broad appreciation of their geographical distribution. RESULTS The review identifies regions where glycyphagid house dust mites have been found and the distribution of the pyroglyphid Dermatophagoides spp. The antigenic differences the allergens of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae are outlined and how this should affect optimal allergen usage in different regions. The allelic variations within the major allergens of Dermatophagoides sp. are similarly presented. CONCLUSIONS While there is a broad knowledge of the distribution of different species of house dust mites, regions that require further examination have been identified and there are examples of incorrect use of allergens for different regions. The extension of allergy research and practice into new regions will benefit from allergen formulations designed for regional use. Specific knowledge of the allergens in the environments will be required to optimally implement some of the new molecularly-defined medicaments currently being developed for effective allergy vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Thomas
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco 6008, Western Australia.
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40
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Cui YB, Cai HX, Zhou Y, Gao CX, Shi WH, Yu M, Li L. Cloning, expression, and characterization of Der f 7, an allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae from China. J Med Entomol 2010; 47:868-876. [PMID: 20939383 DOI: 10.1603/me09180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding house dust mite allergen Der f 7 from Dermatophagoides farina (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) from China was cloned, sequenced, and successfully expressed. A reference sequence (GenBank accession AY283292) was used to design polymerase chain reaction primers. Analysis revealed eight mismatched nucleotides in five Der f 7 cDNA clones, and the projected amino acid sequence contained six incompatible residues. These results suggest that the sequence of Der f 7 may be polymorphic. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that the mature Der f 7 allergen had a molecular mass of approximately 21.88 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.90. Der f 7 protein secondary structure was composed of a helix (56.63%), extended strand (5.10%), and random coil (38.27%). Group 7 allergens are present in Pyroglyphidae, Acaridae, and Glycyphagidae families, and homology analysis revealed a 86% similarity between Der f 7 and Der p 7. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree constructed of group 7 allergens from different mite species revealed that Der f 7 and Der p 7 clustered with 100% bootstrap support. Bioinformatics-driven characterization of Der f 7 allergen as conducted in this study may contribute to diagnostic and therapeutic applications for dust mite allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-bao Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Yancheng Health Vocational and Technical College, Jiangsu Yancheng 224006, PR China
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41
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Asman M, Solarz K, Szilman E, Szilman P. Analysis of expression and amino acid sequence of the allergen Mag 3 in two species of house dust mites-Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae). Ann Agric Environ Med 2010; 17:45-48. [PMID: 20684479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the 90's of the XX century, 2 new and important allergens of house dust mites mites were cloned and sequenced: Mag 1 and Mag 3. However, the second allergen has been identified to date only in extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae [DF ]. In this work, we aimed to detect expression of this important allergen and for the first time analyze to the amino acid sequence in other species of house dust mite - Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [DP ]. We were able to confirm the expression of allergen Mag 3 in DF and to exclude it in DP . By sequencing the products of DNA amplification, we revealed the nucleotide sequence encoding allergen Mag 3 in DF . This analysis enabled detection of 9 single base changes. An analysis of encoded amino acid sequence by triplets with substituted nucleotides revealed that 8 changes were polymorphic, and 1 was a mutation substituting GTG (valine) for ATG (methionine) at 236 position. However, the presence of amino acid sequence difference in this allergen might suggest that there exist other isoforms which can make difficult both diagnosis as well as immunotherapy in persons who produce allergic response to this allergen. The variants of allergen Mag 3 (group 14) are still not known beside the very good known allergen variants of the other main groups 1, 2, 4, 5 or 7. Thus, the identification and definition of allergic properties of allergen Mag 3 variants needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Asman
- Department of Parasitology, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8, Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Pulsawat P, Piboonpocanun S, Sirivichayakul S, Buranapraditkun S, Jacquet A, Shimada M, Okuda K, Ruxrungtham K. Production and immunogenicity of hypoallergenic codon-optimized DNA vaccine encoding mature Der p 1 allergen. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:582-590. [PMID: 21313999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding allergens is a promising potential approach for the treatment or prevention of allergy. Nonetheless, because the allergens expressed can display immunoglobulin (Ig) E reactivity, methods to deliver hypoallergenic variants can minimize the risk of type 2 helper (T(H)2) cell priming after DNA immunization. METHODS A humanized synthetic gene encoding mature Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1 (Der p 1) allergen was cloned into the pHIS expression vector carrying unmethylated CpG 2006 (CpG 2006) motif but devoid of signal sequence. The immunogenicity of this DNA construct was compared in naïve mice with that of recombinant ProDer p 1 protein adjuvanted with alum. RESULTS Codon optimization of the cDNA encoding mature Der p 1 markedly improved allergen expression. Mature Der p 1, expressed intracellularly in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells (HEK 293 cells) transfected with codon-optimized Der p 1 cDNA (pHIS-mHuDer p 1), was shown to be hypoallergenic as it displayed no IgE reactivity. Intradermal vaccinations of naïve Balb/C mice with pHIS-mHuDer p 1 elicited an allergen-specific T(H)1 response characterized by the production of specific IgG2a, a very low amount of specific IgG1, and no specific IgE. Lipoplex formulation with cationic liposome composed of lecithin, N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methylsulfate (DOTAP) and cholesterol not only accelerated the induction of T(H)1 response but also increased its intensity. CONCLUSION A codon-optimized DNA vaccine encoding mature Der p 1 in a lipoplex formulation could represent a promising hypoallergenic vaccine candidate for safer immunotherapy against house dust mite allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pulsawat
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cui YB, Cai HX, Li L, Zhou Y, Gao CX, Shi WH, Yu M. Cloning, sequence analysis and expression in E. coli of the group 3 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122:2657-2661. [PMID: 19951588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dust mites, which are mostly represented by Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), are the major sources of indoor allergens. Identification and characterization of these mite allergen molecules are an important step in the development of new effective diagnostic procedures and possible therapeutic strategies for allergic disorders associated with dust mites. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from Dermatophagoides farinae. The gene coding for Der f 3 was amplified by RT-PCR with the primers designed based on previous sequence published in GenBank. The target gene was cloned intermediately into pMD19-T plasmid and finally into plasmid pET28a (+), expressed in E. coli BL21 at the aid of the inducer isopropyl-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The physicochemical properties, spatial structure of the allergen were analyzed with bioinformatics software. RESULTS The cDNA coding for group 3 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae from China was cloned and expressed successfully. Sequencing analysis showed that there were nineteen mismatched nucleotides in five Der f 3 cDNA clones in comparison with the reference (GenBank Accession No. AY283291), which resulted in deduced amino acid sequence incompatibility in eleven residues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Der f 3 pro-protein was an extracellular hydrophobic protein, consisting of 259 amino acids with a 16 amino acid signal peptide. The protein was deduced to have three chymotrypsin active sites (53-68 AA, 108-122 AA and 205-217 AA), one N-glycosylation site, one cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, and five N-myristoylation sites. CONCLUSIONS Der f 3 is an extracellular hydrophobic protein which possesses multiple activation and phosphorylation sites. Polymorphism may exist in the Der f 3 gene but this needs to be further confirmed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-bao Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, China
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Takai T, Ochiai Y, Ichikawa S, Sato E, Ogawa T, Tokura T, Kuhara T, Kawai H, Hatanaka H, Takahashi S, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with high sensitivity for antigen-specific and total murine IgE: a useful tool for the study of allergies in mouse models. Allergol Int 2009; 58:225-35. [PMID: 19307777 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.08-oa-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In studies on allergies in mouse models, IgE production is an essential parameter to be evaluated. Here, we examine the effect of commercially available immunoreaction enhancer solutions and different blocking reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for total or antigen-specific murine IgE in order to improve the assays. METHODS Sera from mice immunized with recombinant house dust mite major allergens, Der f 1 and Der p 1, were used for the assays. Total IgE was measured by sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibodies against murine IgE. Antigen-specific IgE was assayed using allergen-coated plates. Sensitivity or signal intensity in ELISA was compared among conditions differing in the use of enhancer solutions, blocking reagents, or monoclonal antibodies, and incubation time. RESULTS Use of enhancer solutions improved the sensitivity of ELISA for total IgE by approximately 30-fold of that using a conventional buffer. A blocking reagent caused more unwanted enhancement of the background signal in blank wells in ELISA for total IgE compared with another blocking reagent, however, improved signal intensity in ELISA for antigen-specific ELISA without significant enhancement of the background signal. Optimal assay conditions were determined. CONCLUSIONS Enhancer solutions are effective in improving ELISAs for total and antigen-specific murine IgE. Selection of blocking reagents was important to decrease unwanted enhancement of background signals and was effective in enhancing signals for positive samples. The ELISAs improved in this study are useful for the study of allergies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Takai
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Burtin D, Chabre H, Olagnier B, Didierlaurent A, Couret MN, Comeau D, Wambre E, Laparra H, Van Overtvelt L, Montandon F, Batard T, Jonval V, Lorphelin A, Merle C, Berrouet C, Parry L, Gomord V, Van Ree R, Moingeon P. Production of native and modified recombinant Der p 1 molecules in tobacco plants. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:760-70. [PMID: 19226276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a complex molecule requiring post-translational processing, it has been difficult to produce the Der p 1 major allergen from the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus house dust mite in a recombinant form. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested whether transgenic tobacco plants are suitable to express Der p 1, either as a wild-type molecule or as variants lacking N-glycosylation sites (Gly(-)) and/or cysteine protease activity (Enz(-)). Methods Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based transformation, pro Der p 1 molecules bearing mutations within either the N-glycosylation sites (N34Q, N150Q) and/or the cysteine protease-active site (C132V) were expressed in tobacco plants. After purification by ion exchange chromatography, allergens were characterized using immunoblotting, circular dichroism (CD), as well as basophil and T lymphocyte stimulation assays. RESULTS Four forms of recombinant Der p 1 (i.e. wild-type Gly(+)/Enz(+), as well as Gly(-)/Enz(+), Gly(+)/Enz(-) or Gly(-)/Enz(-) variants) were successfully expressed in tobacco leaves as pro Der p 1 molecules. Spontaneous cleavage of the pro-peptide was observed in tobacco leaf extracts for all forms of recombinant Der p 1 (r Der p 1). CD confirmed that all r Der p 1 molecules, with the exception of the Gly(-)/Enz(-) variant, exhibited secondary structures comparable to the natural protein. A cysteine protease activity was associated only with the Gly(+)/Enz(+) form. All these molecules exhibit a profile similar to natural Der p 1 with respect to IgE immunoreactivity, basophil activation and T cell recognition. CONCLUSION A tobacco plant expression system allows the production of various forms of mature Der p 1, which could be used for diagnostic or immunotherapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Burtin
- Meristem Therapeutics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Batard T, Chabre H, Gouyon B, Nony E, Hrabina M, Jain K, Couret MN, Brochier V, Beauvallet C, Chew FT, Moingeon P. Application of proteomics for the characterization of biological allergen extracts. Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess 2009; 96:55-60. [PMID: 20799445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Dumez ME, Teller N, Mercier F, Tanaka T, Vandenberghe I, Vandenbranden M, Devreese B, Luxen A, Frère JM, Matagne A, Jacquet A, Galleni M, Chevigné A. Activation mechanism of recombinant Der p 3 allergen zymogen: contribution of cysteine protease Der p 1 and effect of propeptide glycosylation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:30606-17. [PMID: 18725410 PMCID: PMC2662151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The trypsin-like protease Der p 3, a major allergen of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, is synthesized as a zymogen, termed proDer p 3. No recombinant source of Der p 3 has been described yet, and the zymogen maturation mechanism remains to be elucidated. The Der p 3 zymogen was produced in Pichia pastoris. We demonstrated that the recombinant zymogen is glycosylated at the level of its propeptide. We showed that the activation mechanism of proDer p 3 is intermolecular and is mediated by the house dust mite cysteine protease Der p 1. The primary structure of the proDer p 3 propeptide is associated with a unique zymogen activation mechanism, which is different from those described for the trypsin-like family and relies on the house dust mite papain-like protease Der p 1. This is the first report of a recombinant source of Der p 3, with the same enzymatic activity as the natural enzyme and trypsin. Glycosylation of the propeptide was found to decrease the rate of maturation. Finally, we showed that recombinant Der p 3 is inhibited by the free modified prosequence T(P1)R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Dumez
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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Weghofer M, Dall'Antonia Y, Grote M, Stöcklinger A, Kneidinger M, Balic N, Krauth MT, Fernández-Caldas E, Thomas WR, van Hage M, Vieths S, Spitzauer S, Horak F, Svergun DI, Konarev PV, Valent P, Thalhamer J, Keller W, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Characterization of Der p 21, a new important allergen derived from the gut of house dust mites. Allergy 2008; 63:758-67. [PMID: 18445190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is a major allergen source eliciting allergic asthma. The aim of the study was to identify new important HDM allergens associated with allergic asthma. METHODS A cDNA coding for a new mite allergen, designated Der p 21, was isolated using immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from patients with allergic asthma out of a D. pteronyssinus expression cDNA library and expressed in Escherichia coli. RESULTS Circular dichroism analysis of the purified allergen showed that rDer p 21 (14 726 Da) is one of the few mite allergens with an alpha-helical secondary structure. The protein exhibited high thermal stability and refolding capacity, and, as determined by small angle X-ray scattering, formed a dimer consisting of two flat triangles. rDer p 21 bound high levels of patients' IgE antibodies and showed high allergenic activity in basophil activation experiments. Rabbit anti-Der p 21 IgG antibodies inhibited mite-allergic patients' IgE binding and allowed the ultrastructural localization of the allergen in the midgut (epithelium, lumen and faeces) of D. pteronyssinus by immunogold electron microscopy. Der p 21 revealed sequence homology with group 5 mite allergens, but IgE and IgG reactivity data and cross-inhibition studies identified it as a new mite allergen. CONCLUSIONS Der p 21 is a new important mite allergen which is liberated into the environment via faecal particles and hence may be associated with allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weghofer
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cui Y, Peng J, Zhou P, Peng M, Qian S. Bioinformatic studies on the group 2 allergens of Dermatophagoides farinae from China. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2007; 25:199-206. [PMID: 18402292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the group 2 allergens of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 2) from Hainan Island, a tropical region in Southeastern China. We cloned and sequenced cDNA coding for Der f 2 and found an additional region of 87 base pairs (bp) (from +77 to +163 bp) in our strain that was absent in the reference sequence (GenBank AB195580) used for primer design. However, the BLAST analysis identified the same sequence in strains reported from Reinbek, Germany, and Guangzhou, China. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Der f 2 nucleotide sequences from different regions or countries and showed that the Hainan sequence clustered with the strains from Reinbek and Guangzhou. Analysis of the translated amino acid sequence suggests that the encoded peptide is hydrophobic and extracellular with a cleavage site between the 17th and 18th amino acid residues and contains a strong trans-membrane helix from the 6th amino acid to the 24th amino acid, indicating a MD-2-related lipid recognition domain in this protein. Furthermore, the secondary structure of the pro-protein consists of 16.57% alpha helix, 32.57% extended strand and 50.86% random coil. In brief, we obtained a gene coding for Der f 2 and predicted the molecular characteristics of this protein using bioinformatics tools. Our analysis identified that this gene showed several significant differences to those reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Hainan Medical College, Chengxi Road, Haikou 571101, the People's Republic of China.
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