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Kalshingi HA, Bosman AM, Gouws J, van Vuuren M. Molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2015; 86:e1-e11. [PMID: 26244581 PMCID: PMC6138128 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and molecular analysis were conducted on 34 strains of Mycoplasma species isolated between 2003 and 2009 from the genital tract of clinically healthy Dorper sheep and sheep with ulcerative vulvitis and balanitis. Earlier publications identified the causative agent as Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (MmmLC) and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The aims of the study were to characterise Mycoplasma species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep with polymerase chain reaction assay, cloning and gene sequencing. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) results revealed six predominant Mycoplasma species: Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Arcanobacterium laidlawii, MmmLC, Mycoplasma sp. ovine/caprine serogroup II and M. canadense. Sequencing of the 34 isolates were analysed using phylogenetic methods, and 18 (50%) were identified as M. arginini with 99% - 100% similarity to M. arginini from England and Sweden. Six isolates showed 99% similarity to M. bovigenitalium strains from Turkey and Germany. Two isolates had 99% similarity to an M. sp. ovine/caprine sero group II from the United Kingdom. BLAST for two isolates revealed 99% similarity to Acholeplasma laidlawii from India, another two were 99% similar to MmmLC strain from Sweden, two showed 98% similarity to Mycoplasma sp. Usp 120 from Brazil, and two isolates have a 97% - 99% similarity to M. mm. Jcv1 strain from the United States of America. Finally, one isolate showed similarity of 99% to Mycoplasma canadense strain from Italy. The findings support the hypothesis that ulcerative vulvitis and balanitis of Dorper sheep in South Africa (SA) is a multifactorial disease with involvement of different Mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habu A Kalshingi
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Kidanemariam A, Gouws J, van Vuuren M, Gummow B. Ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis of Dorper sheep in South Africa: a study on its aetiology and clinical features. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2006; 76:197-203. [PMID: 16642715 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v76i4.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep of the Dorper breed has been observed in South Africa since 1979. Its aetiology has not been conclusively resolved, and there is some discrepancy in descriptions of its clinical features. In order to identify the pathogenic micro-organism/s that contribute to the occurrence of the disease, the microflora in the genital tracts of both clinically healthy and affected sheep were isolated and compared. Bacteriological examination of materials from affected and unaffected sheep resulted in the isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from 44.2% and 17.2% of them respectively. This difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Seventy-four per cent of the isolates originated from severe clinical cases. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 49.3% of 116 clinically normal sheep and 78.2% of 104 affected sheep. There were significant differences in their rates of isolation in clinical groups (P < 0.05). Of all the mycoplasma isolates, Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony variant (MmmLC) was isolated from 61.5% of clinically diseased sheep while 6.0% of the isolates were from apparently healthy animals (P < 0.05). The study threw light on the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the genital tract of apparently healthy sheep and, at the same time the identity of the mycoplasma pathogen associated with ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis was revealed. The findings of this investigation therefore confirmed the involvement of mycoplasma, particularly that of MmmLC large colony, in the disease in Dorper sheep in South Africa, and it was concluded that this microorganism is an important pathogen of balanitis and vulvitis in them. The study furthermore demonstrated a probable synergism between A. pyogenes and MmmLC. Finding these 2 organisms together occurred 53.4 times more frequently in the affected sheep than in the unaffected, which emphasises the probable multifactorial nature of the disease. The association between age and the presence of clinical signs was statistically significant. It was found that young sheep were more likely to have lesions than adult sheep. Clinical observations showed that the typical ulceration appears to be confined to the glans penis and lips of the vulva; no ulceration was observed on the shaft of the penis and prepuce or vaginal vestibule. In uncomplicated cases inflammation of the prepuce and vaginal vestibule is not a regular feature of the disease. Therefore the names ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis most accurately describe the nature of the disease in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kidanemariam
- National Animal Health Research Centre, PO Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Kidanemariam A, Gouws J, van Vuuren M, Gummow B. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from clinical cases of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in Dorper sheep in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2005; 76:204-8. [PMID: 16642716 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v76i4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were determined against field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (MmmLC) by means of the broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these antimicrobial drugs were determined for a representative number of 10 isolates and 1 type strain. The susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin was determined by means of an agar disk diffusion test. The MICs of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were within the ranges of 0.125-0.5, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0 and 4.0-8.0 µg / m , respectively. This study has shown that resistance of MmmLC against enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin was negligible. All the field strains of A. pyogenes that were tested were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin with mean inhibition zones of 30.6, 42.3 and 35.8mm, respectively. Although there is lack of data on in vivo efficacy and in vitro MIC or inhibition zone diameter breakpoints of these antimicrobial drugs for MmmLC, the MIC results indicate that these 4 classes of antimicrobial drugs should be effective in the treatment of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kidanemariam
- National Animal Health Research Centre, PO Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Abstract
This study describes an outbreak of ulcerative posthitis that eventually affected 76 of 80 of rams in a flock of Rasa Aragonesa sheep on a legume-rich diet. Lesions were confined to the prepuce and varied from mild hyperaemia to ulcerations. Corynebacterium renale was isolated from the lesions. Treatment of an initial group of 17 was based on a change of diet and topical treatment with Veterin Banedif with prednisolone once a day for 15 days and was successful. Lesions in this group were completely resolved after 15 days. The relationship between a legume-rich diet, ruminal alkalosis, elevated urine pH and posthitis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loste
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain.
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Vogel FSF, Flores EF, Weiblen R, Winkelmann ER, Moraes MP, Bragança JFM. Intrapreputial infection of young bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2): acute balanoposthitis, latent infection and detection of viral DNA in regional neural and non-neural tissues 50 days after experimental reactivation. Vet Microbiol 2004; 98:185-96. [PMID: 15036527 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2003] [Revised: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 09/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Venereal infection of bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2) may result in acute balanoposthitis followed by the establishment of latent infection, presumably in dorsal root nerve ganglia. We herein report the characterization of the acute and latent infection of young bulls with a Brazilian BHV-1.2 isolate and the investigation of neural and non-neural sites in which viral DNA persists during latent infection, i.e. 110 days after inoculation and 50 days after experimental reactivation. Intrapreputial inoculation of BHV-1.2 isolate SV-56/90 (10(6.5)pfu per animal) resulted in severe balanoposthitis, characterized by redness of the penis and preputial mucosa, coalescent vesicles and fibrinous exsudate in all four infected bulls. Virus shedding was detected in preputial secretions and semen up to days 14 and 13 pi, respectively. Dexamethasone administration at day 60 pi led to reactivation of the infection in all animals, resulting in virus shedding in preputial secretions and/or in semen. At day 50 post-reactivation (pr), the animals were euthanized and regional tissues were collected for PCR and virus isolation. Viral DNA was consistently detected in the dorsal root ganglia of nerves genito-femoral (4/4) and obturator (4/4); frequently in the pudendal (3/4), sciatic (3/4) and rectal caudal nerve ganglia (2/3). In addition, viral DNA was detected in the pelvic sympathetic plexus of one bull and in regional lymph nodes (deep inguinal (2/4); sacral (1/4); medial iliac (1/4)) of two bulls. No infectious virus could be recovered from homogenates of DNA positive tissues, indicating the absence of actively replicating virus. These results demonstrate that BHV-1.2 DNA may persist in several sacral nerve ganglia and in regional lymph nodes as well during latent infection, i.e. 50 days after experimental reactivation. These findings may help in understanding the pathogenesis of acute and latent genital infection by BHV-1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S F Vogel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Thiede S, Spergser J, Rosengarten R, Jakob W, Streich WJ, Krasińska M, Frölich K. Antibodies against Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in free-living European bison (Bison bonasus) with balanoposthitis. J Wildl Dis 2002; 38:760-3. [PMID: 12528443 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-38.4.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since 1980 severe chronic balanoposthitis has been observed in free-living European bison (Bison bonasus) in the Białowieza Primeval Forest (Poland). Sera of 50 bison with balanoposthitis and 48 clinically healthy male and 49 female bison were investigated for antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis and M. bovigenitalium by western blot analysis. Prevalence of antibodies against M. bovigenitalium was significantly higher in bison with balanoposthitis than in unaffected male bison. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium may play a role in the pathogenesis of balanoposthitis in European bison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Thiede
- Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
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Borchers K, Brackmann J, Wolf O, Rudolph M, Glatzel P, Krasinska M, Krasinski ZA, Frölich K. Virologic investigations of free-living European bison (Bison bonasus) from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland. J Wildl Dis 2002; 38:533-8. [PMID: 12238370 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-38.3.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted virologic investigations on postmortem specimens from 261 free-living European bison (Bison bonasus) from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland collected between 1990 and 2000. Fifty-four of 94 males had balanoposthitis; none of the 167 female bison examined had reproductive tract lesions. Peripheral blood, swabs, and various tissues were analyzed for bovine viruses as well as for viral DNA by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. An infectious bovine rhinotracheitis like BoHV-1 strain was isolated from the spleen of a female bison calf and additionally was detected by nested PCR from splenic tissue. None of the bison had significant antibody titers against BoHV-1, bovine herpesvirus 2, BoHV-4, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesvirus 1, or bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus-1. However, low antibody titers in two animals indicate that this European bison population has been exposed to BVD virus or BVD-like viruses and BoHV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Borchers
- Institute of Virology, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Bergonier D, Berthelot X, Poumarat F. Contagious agalactia of small ruminants: current knowledge concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and control. REV SCI TECH OIE 1997; 16:848-73. [PMID: 9567311 DOI: 10.20506/rst.16.3.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Contagious agalactia of small ruminants is a syndrome which principally affects the mammary glands, joints and eyes. The main causal agents are Mycoplasma agalactiae in sheep, and M. agalactiae, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony type and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum in goats. In addition, M. putrefaciens can produce a similar clinical picture, particularly in goats. Contagious agalactia occurs on all five continents and is often enzootic. The evolution of the infection tends to be chronic in affected animals and herds. Symptomless shedding of mycoplasmas, mainly in the milk, may persist for a long time. These insidious infections, associated with carriage in the ears of healthy animals, are difficult to diagnose and to control. The main mode of transmission between flocks is related to the sale of carrier animals and contact during transhumance, whereas transmission within a flock occurs through contact, suckling and milking. This review discusses the clinical features, epidemiology, treatment, prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bergonier
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Département Elevage et Produits, Toulouse, France
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Schwartz S. Animal behavior case of the month. A cat was referred for evaluation of self-mutilation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:1813-4. [PMID: 8675465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Schwartz
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Foster FM, Jackson RB, Hopkins DL. Production, behaviour and fertility of merino wethers, hemi-castrates with reduced testicular parenchyma and induced cryptorchids. Aust Vet J 1993; 70:289-93. [PMID: 8105775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb07976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Greasy wool production, body weight, behaviour and fertility of male, fine wool Merino sheep were studied from 10 to 21 months of age to assess their suitability for wool production. The males were either castrated (wethers), or were hemi-castrated with a vasectomy and reduction (either partially or in full) of the parenchyma of the retained testicle, or the testicles pushed up into the inguinal canal and the scrotum shortened (induced cryptorchids). There were significant differences among all groups in body weight, with increases being associated with the larger amounts of testicular tissue present. Fertility was low in the induced cryptorchids at 19 months of age. The hemi-castrates with reduced testicular parenchyma were infertile. The hemi-castrates with reduced testicular parenchyma had significantly heavier greasy fleece weights than the wethers and induced cryptorchids, which had similar fleece weights. The wether group suffered a higher prevalence of posthitis in spring and autumn than the hemi-castrate or induced cryptorchid groups. Those hemi-castrates with the largest amount of testicular parenchyma retained and the induced cryptorchids exhibited masculine behaviour patterns and had an increased incidence of fly strike to the head. The principle of hemi-castration and reduction of the testicular parenchyma is shown to be applicable in wool producing flocks with the potential to increase greasy wool production while minimising the management and marketing limitations previously associated with induced cryptorchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Foster
- Department of Primary Industry, Campbell Town, Tasmania
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Trichard CJ, Jordaan P, Prozesky L, Jacobsz EP, Henton MM. The identification of Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides LC as the aetiological agent of balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis in sheep in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1993; 60:29-37. [PMID: 8392679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical ulcerative balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis was experimentally reproduced in 14 sheep infected with a Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides LC field strain, isolated from the Straussheim Dorper stud. The study encompassed a series of field observations, a therapeutic trial and experimental investigations. A wide range of bacteria and various mycoplasma spp., but no viruses, were isolated from a large number of infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Trichard
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa
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Weiblen R, Kreutz LC, Canabarro TF, Schuch LF, Rebelatto MC. Isolation of bovine herpesvirus 1 from preputial swabs and semen of bulls with balanoposthitis. J Vet Diagn Invest 1992; 4:341-3. [PMID: 1325195 DOI: 10.1177/104063879200400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Weiblen
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Behr KP, Hinz KH, Rottmann S. Phallus-inflammation of ganders: clinical observations and comparative bacteriological examinations of healthy and altered organs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1990; 37:774-6. [PMID: 2082630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1990.tb01128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The examination of acute or chronically altered phallus-tissues of ganders revealed microorganisms belonging to the genera Mycoplasma, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Campylobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Candida and to the family Pasteurellaceae, isolated in different frequencies. Bacteriologic examinations of the phallus-tissues and cloacal mucous membranes of healthy juvenile ganders showed microorganisms of the same genera or family, except Mycoplasma and Candida spp. Pathogenesis and possibilities of treating phallus-inflammations in ganders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Behr
- Klinik für Geflügel Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover
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14
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Behr KP, Hinz KH. [Penile inflammation in ganders]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1989; 96:140-3. [PMID: 2651081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since 1987 penis-inflammation and -prolapse were observed in north-german breeder-geese. Up to 28% of the ganders showed local symptoms. In the females no clinical signs of cloaca-inflammation were seen. The general condition of the birds was good and there was no increased mortality. Egg production and fertility were not influenced. Bacteriological examinations of the altered penis-tissues revealed in different frequency microorganisms belonging to the genera Mycoplasma, Candida, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Proteus and Pseudomonas. Within 70 days only one third of the diseased ganders recovered completely, the others still showed penis-necrosis or -deformation. It is recommended to examine all ganders prior to each sexual season and to eliminate affected birds.
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Abstract
The purpose of this work was to define more precisely the role of Ureaplasma organisms in the aetiology of granular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis (GVVBP) of cattle. To contribute to this question the frequency and degree of infection with Ureaplasmas in two main groups of cattle was taken into account: (a) in cattle with symptoms of the mentioned disease, (b) in cattle without clinical symptoms. The samples of semen from 301 sires with symptoms of GVVBP and from 43 healthy sires as also vaginal mucus swabs from 96 cows with GVVBP and from 40 cows mated by the sire infected with Ureaplasma organisms and from 50 cows inseminated with semen which contained Ureaplasma organisms were taken for bacteriological examinations. The control group in relation to the above mentioned cows constituted of 22 heifers free from symptoms of GVVBP and neither inseminated nor mated naturally. It has been shown that on an average 78.1% of sires with pathological changes in the mucosa of the penis or prepuce and only 25.6% of healthy sires were infected with Ureaplasma organisms. The concentration of Ureaplasma organisms was also significantly higher in material obtained from sires with symptoms of the disease than in that from healthy animals. Ureaplasma organisms were demonstrated more frequently (72.7%) in cows with GVVBP than in cows without these symptoms (13.3%). Similarly, as in the material obtained from sires, in the material taken from cows with symptoms of the disease the concentration of Ureaplasma organisms was significantly higher than that in the material originating from the healthy cows. The obtained findings may indicate that Ureaplasma organisms play a role in the aetiology of GVVBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pilaszek
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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16
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Mekel JF. [A simple surgical treatment of balanoposthitis in dogs]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1987; 112:1293-4. [PMID: 3686510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tarigan
- New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Veterinary Centre, Orange, New South Wales
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Holmes AA. Balanoposthitis in breeding bulls. Vet Rec 1985; 116:451. [PMID: 4002578 DOI: 10.1136/vr.116.16.451-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Buck NG. Balanoposthitis in breeding bulls. Vet Rec 1985; 116:223-4. [PMID: 3984203 DOI: 10.1136/vr.116.8.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jones GE, Rae AG, Holmes RG, Lister SA, Jones JM, Grater GS, Richards N. Isolation of exotic mycoplasmas from sheep in England. Vet Rec 1983; 113:540. [PMID: 6665959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Doig PA, Ruhnke HL, Bosu WT. The genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma flora of healthy and diseased dogs. Can J Comp Med 1981; 45:233-8. [PMID: 7340908 PMCID: PMC1320213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The genital mycoplasma and ureaplasma flora was compared in 136 dogs with varied reproductive histories. Mycoplasmas were recovered from 88% of vulvovaginal swabs, 85% preputial swabs and 72% semen samples. Isolation rates were slightly higher from dogs that were infertile or had evidence of genital disease but the differences from those that were fertile or clinically normal were statistically significant only in the male. Ureaplasmas were recovered from half the females sampled. Higher, but not statistically significant isolation rates (75%) were made from infertile females with purulent vulvar discharge versus those that were clinically normal and fertile (40%). In the male dog there was a significantly higher incidence of ureaplasmas in the prepuce of infertile animals (69%) than those that were fertile (0%) (p less than or equal to 0.05). Semen isolations although not significantly higher in infertile males, were all made from ejaculates, with subnormal motility, low sperm counts and/or a high percentage of midpiece and tail abnormalities (bent or tightly coiled).
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Taylor NR. Traumatic balanoposthitis in a yearling Appaloosa colt. Vet Rec 1980; 107:154-5. [PMID: 7445395 DOI: 10.1136/vr.107.7.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A case of balanoposthitis involving injury to a yearling colt's penis and prepuce is described. Details are given of the Vennerhalm or reefing operation which was used to relieve the penile prolapse and paraphimosis accompanying the condition.
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25
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Ndiritu CG. Lesions of the canine penis and prepuce. Mod Vet Pract 1979; 60:712-5. [PMID: 522857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 185 dogs treated for penile or preputial problems, 197 lesions were observed including 86 tumors (of which 84 were transmissible venereal tumors), 40 cases of balanophosthitis, 38 wounds, 14 urethral calculi and one urethral stenosis. In addition, 14 cases of paraphimosis, one phimosis and 4 fractures of the os penis were seen. This report discusses the clinical signs, treatment and results of penile-preputial disease.
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Riet Correa F, de Freitas A, de Puignau MV, Perdomo E. Ulcerative posthitis in bulls in Uruguay. Cornell Vet 1979; 69:33-44. [PMID: 455992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative posthitis in bulls in Uruguay is described; 1096 bulls in 17 different establishments were examined. The incidence of bulls grazing on improved pasture was 32.9% in those under one year and 80.8% in animals of 18 to 36 months of age. Bulls grazing on natural pasture showed an incidence of 63.5% in adult animals irrespective of age. Histologic characteristics of the preputial lesions were acanthosis, parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis followed by invasion of leukocytes in the epithelium and ulceration. Corynebacterium renale was isolated from 59 of 204 prepuces. Based on the isolation of C. renale, histological lesions and the greater incidence in animals on high planes of nutrition, it is postulated that the lesion is due primarily to production of ammonia following the hydrolization of urea by the organism.
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Straub OC. [Alternate application of inactivated and live vaccine for the prevention of infectious balanoposthitis (IBP) in breeding bulls]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1977; 90:273-6. [PMID: 901406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Fadin VS, Kurilenko AV, Sherkevich SM, Titov NV. [Meisseria infection of the reproductive organs in geese]. Veterinariia 1976:85-7. [PMID: 1027219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Jackson JA, Corstvet RE. Transmission and attempted isolation of the etiologic agent associated with lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the canine species. Am J Vet Res 1975; 36:1207-10. [PMID: 1155836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From 18 donor dogs of different breeds and ages, follicular lesions of the third eyelid (plica senilunaris conjunctiva) and genitalia were surgically removed, trypsinized, and inoculated on monolayers of HeLa, rabbit kidney, and canine kidney cell cultures. Blind passages of the lesion material were made every 96 hours for 10 to 15 cell culture passages. Cellular suspensions prepared from the lesions were grown in test tubes and passaged 3 times at 10-day intervals between passages. All cultures were observed each day for cytopathic effect. Transmission studies were made by (1) inoculating normal pups with cellular suspensions of the lesions from an infected dog and an infected pup, (2) placing normal pups in contact with infected ones for contact transmission, and (3) inoculating normal animals with cell suspensions prepared from inoculated monolayers. Cytopathic changes were not seen in any of the cell culture monolayers. All transmission attempts were successful, in that characteristic lesions comparable in appearance to those seen in natural infections were produced in susceptible pups. The lesion material from an infected pup was found to be infective for a normal pup after 6 passages in tissue culture (primary rabbit kidney cells) despite absence of cytopathic effect.
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Tselishchev LI. [Dry method of treatment of balanoposthitis]. Veterinariia 1975:73-5. [PMID: 1216606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Loretu K, Marinov P, Genov I, Bohnel H. Virus isolations from cases of infectious bovine pustlo-vulvovaginitis and posthitis (IPV/IPB) in cattle in Tanzania. Bull Epizoot Dis Afr 1974; 22:303-10. [PMID: 4378003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Deas DW, Johnston WS. The isolation and transmission of the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvo-vaginitis. Vet Rec 1973; 92:636-9. [PMID: 4353839 DOI: 10.1136/vr.92.24.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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36
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Jackson G. Balanoposthitis in housed rams bedded on wood shavings. Br Vet J 1969; 125:i-ii. [PMID: 5814115 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)49166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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37
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Girard A, Greig AS, Mitchell D. A virus associated with vulvitis and balanitis in the horse-- preliminary report. Can J Comp Med 1968; 32:603-4. [PMID: 4300973 PMCID: PMC1319308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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38
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Kerber WT, Reese WH, Van Natta J. Balanitis, paronychia, and onychia in a rhesus monkey. Lab Anim Care 1968; 18:506-7. [PMID: 4233861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Faye P, Charton A, Berkaloff A, Bernard C, Le Layec C. [Preliminary study of an enterovirus isolated from a lesion of bovine balano-posthitis]. Bull Acad Vet Fr 1968; 41:155-9. [PMID: 4314656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Chernenko IS, Petrov VG. [Surgical method for the treatment of balanoposthitis in bulls]. Veterinariia 1965; 42:82-3. [PMID: 5895099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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