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Serigatto HR, Zechi-Ceide RM, Parizotto I, Kokitsu-Nakata NM. Monodactyly in a patient with CHARGE syndrome: An additional case report. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63561. [PMID: 38352994 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies including coloboma, heart defects, ear anomalies, and developmental delay, caused by pathogenic variants in the CHD7 gene. The discovery of the molecular basis of this syndrome increased the number of cases reported and expanded the phenotype and clinical variability. Limb anomalies are occasional clinical findings in this syndrome, present in about 30% of reported cases. The occurrence of limb anomalies in this syndrome suggests that it should be considered as part of the phenotypic spectrum. Here, we describe an individual with CHARGE syndrome presenting unilateral monodactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roseli Maria Zechi-Ceide
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Parizotto
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Breuer M, Rummler M, Singh J, Maher S, Zaouter C, Jamadagni P, Pilon N, Willie BM, Patten SA. CHD7 regulates craniofacial cartilage development via controlling HTR2B expression. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:498-512. [PMID: 38477756 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 - coding gene (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). Although craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities are major features of CS patients, the role of CHD7 in bone and cartilage development remain largely unexplored. Here, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) CS model, we show that chd7-/- larvae display abnormal craniofacial cartilage development and spinal deformities. The craniofacial and spine defects are accompanied by a marked reduction of bone mineralization. At the molecular level, we show that these phenotypes are associated with significant reduction in the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers. Additionally, we detected a marked depletion of collagen 2α1 in the cartilage of craniofacial regions and vertebrae, along with significantly reduced number of chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis defects are at least in part due to downregulation of htr2b, which we found to be also dysregulated in human cells derived from an individual with CHD7 mutation-positive CS. Overall, this study thus unveils an essential role for CHD7 in cartilage and bone development, with potential clinical relevance for the craniofacial defects associated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Breuer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Jaskaran Singh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sabrina Maher
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Priyanka Jamadagni
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Oztunc F, Madazli R, Erenel H, Kaymak D, Eraslan S, Kayserili H. Prenatal Diagnosis of Crossed Pulmonary Arteries with a Postnatal Diagnosis of CHARGE Syndrome. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:246-250. [PMID: 38186349 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2300971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Crossed pulmonary arteries (CPA) is an abnormality in which the ostium of the left pulmonary artery is located rightward and the ostium of the right pulmonary artery is leftward. Case report: We diagnosed a fetus with CPA prenatally. In fetal echocardiography, left pulmonary artery was seen to pass beneath the ductus and directing toward the left side and pulmonary artery bifurcation could not be demonstrated at the same plane. Postnatal echocardiography reconfirmed the presence of CPA. Bilateral choanal atresia, genital hypoplasia, hearing loss with facial and external ear asymmetry and psychomotor delay of the newborn led to clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome and was confirmed by gene analysis. Discussion/Conclusion: CPA may be one of the cardiac anomalies in CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Oztunc
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Riza Madazli
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Erenel
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Kaymak
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bai T, Shen Y, Yang Y, Dai S, Liu H. Maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism in a fetus with CHARGE syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63491. [PMID: 38057991 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Parental mosaicism is important in families with de novo mutations. Herein, we report a case of fetal CHARGE syndrome (CS) with a CHD7 variant inherited from maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism. The variant was detected through trio-based whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. High-depth whole-exome sequencing was performed for the identification of parental mosaicism. A novel heterozygous CHD7 nonsense mutation (c.5794G>T/ p.E1932*) was detected in the tissue from the aborted fetus. The parents were wild-type, indicating that the mutation was a de novo variant. The mutation was suspected to be the cause of the fetal CS. However, high-depth whole-exome sequencing revealed maternal gonosomal mosaicism at a variant allele frequency of 3.2%-23.3%. The variant was identified in various tissues (peripheral blood, hair follicles, buccal epithelia, and pharyngeal epithelia) from the asymptomatic mother. We confirmed maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism as a genetic cause of fetal CS. Our results emphasize the importance of clinical analysis in accurately determining the parents' status in detecting the CHD7 de novo variant in fetal CS, as this analysis has vital implications for evaluating the recurrence risk for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqian Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE CHARGE syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant (AD) multi-system disorder with a broad and variable clinical manifestation and occurs in approximately 1/10,000 newborns in the world. Mutations in the CHD7 gene are the genetic cause of over 90% of patients with typical CHARGE syndrome. The present study reported a novel variant in the CHD7 gene in a Chinese family with an abnormal fetus. METHODS Routine prenatal ultrasound screening showed fetal heart abnormality and left foot varus. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fetus-parent whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) were performed to determine the genetic cause of the fetus. The candidate variant was further verified using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS CMA analysis revealed normal results. However, WES analysis identified a de novo heterozygous variant of c.2919_2922del (NM_017780.4) on exon 11 of CHD7 gene, resulting in a premature truncation of the CHD7 protein (p.Gly975*). The variant was classified as Pathogenic (PVS1 + PS2_Moderate + PM2_Supporting) based on the ACMG guidelines. Combined with the clinical phenotype of fetal heart abnormalities, it was confirmed CHARGE syndrome. CONCLUSION We identified a novel heterozygous variant c.2919_2922del in CHD7 of a Chinese fetus with CHARGE syndrome, enriching the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CHD7. These results suggest that genetic testing could help facilitate prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, thus promoting the appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - LingFang Yao
- Department of Obstetrics, Huangshi love and health hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, 435002, China.
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Jinghan Jiang
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
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Dana J, Dorval G, Martin CS, Belhous K, Levy R, Marlin S, De Bie I, Mautret-Godefroy M, Rausell A, Rio M, Boucher-Brischoux E, Attié-Bitach T, Boddaert N, Pingault V. Investigating genotype-to-phenotype correlation in CHARGE syndrome by deep phenotyping and multiparametric clustering. Clin Genet 2023; 104:466-471. [PMID: 37243350 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome, due to CHD7 pathogenic variations, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a large spectrum of severity. Despite the great number of variations reported, no clear genotype-to-phenotype correlation has been reported. Unsupervised machine learning and clustering was undertaken using a retrospective cohort of 42 patients, after deep radiologic and clinical phenotyping, to establish genotype-phenotype correlation for CHD7-related CHARGE syndrome. It resulted in three clusters showing phenotypes of different severities. While no clear genotype-phenotype correlation appeared within the first two clusters, a single patient was outlying the cohort data (cluster 3) with the most atypical phenotype and the most distal frameshift variant in the gene. We added two other patients with similar distal pathogenic variants and observed a tendency toward mild and/or atypical phenotypes. We hypothesized that this finding could potentially be related to escaping nonsense mediated RNA decay, but found no evidence of such decay in vivo for any of the CHD7 pathogenic variation tested. This indicates that this milder phenotype may rather result from the production of a protein retaining all functional domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dana
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris cite, Paris, France
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Dorval
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Christine Saint Martin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kahina Belhous
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Levy
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle De Bie
- Division de génétique médicale, département de médecine spécialisée, centre universitaire de santé McGill, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Mautret-Godefroy
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Rausell
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris cite, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP.Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Stathopoulou A, Wang P, Thellier C, Kelly RG, Zheng D, Scambler PJ. CHARGE syndrome-associated CHD7 acts at ISL1-regulated enhancers to modulate second heart field gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2089-2105. [PMID: 37052590 PMCID: PMC10478754 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haploinsufficiency of the chromo-domain protein CHD7 underlies most cases of CHARGE syndrome, a multisystem birth defect including congenital heart malformation. Context specific roles for CHD7 in various stem, progenitor, and differentiated cell lineages have been reported. Previously, we showed severe defects when Chd7 is absent from cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). Here, we investigate altered gene expression in the CPM and identify specific CHD7-bound target genes with known roles in the morphogenesis of affected structures. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated conditional KO of Chd7 in CPM and analysed cardiac progenitor cells using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, in vivo expression analysis, and bioinformatic comparisons with existing datasets. We show CHD7 is required for correct expression of several genes established as major players in cardiac development, especially within the second heart field (SHF). We identified CHD7 binding sites in cardiac progenitor cells and found strong association with histone marks suggestive of dynamically regulated enhancers during the mesodermal to cardiac progenitor transition of mESC differentiation. Moreover, CHD7 shares a subset of its target sites with ISL1, a pioneer transcription factor in the cardiogenic gene regulatory network, including one enhancer modulating Fgf10 expression in SHF progenitor cells vs. differentiating cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION We show that CHD7 interacts with ISL1, binds ISL1-regulated cardiac enhancers, and modulates gene expression across the mesodermal heart fields during cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stathopoulou
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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8
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Shi L, Wang Z, Li Y, Song Z, Yin W, Hu B. Deletion of the chd7 Hinders Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Development and Myelination in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13535. [PMID: 37686337 PMCID: PMC10488005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7, an encoding ATP-dependent chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7, has been identified as the causative gene involved in CHARGE syndrome (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital abnormalities and Ear abnormalities). Although studies in rodent models have expanded our understanding of CHD7, its role in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination in zebrafish is still unclear. In this study, we generated a chd7-knockout strain with CRISPR/Cas9 in zebrafish. We observed that knockout (KO) of chd7 intensely impeded the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells' (OPCs) migration and myelin formation due to massive expression of chd7 in oilg2+ cells, which might provoke upregulation of the MAPK signal pathway. Thus, our study demonstrates that chd7 is critical to oligodendrocyte migration and myelination during early development in zebrafish and describes a mechanism potentially associated with CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Shi
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Yujiao Li
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Zheng Song
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Wu Yin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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9
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Donovan APA, Rosko L, Ellegood J, Redhead Y, Green JBA, Lerch JP, Huang JK, Basson MA. Pervasive cortical and white matter anomalies in a mouse model for CHARGE syndrome. J Anat 2023; 243:51-65. [PMID: 36914558 PMCID: PMC10273342 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital anomalies and Ear abnormalities) syndrome is a disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding CHD7, an ATP dependent chromatin remodelling factor, and is characterised by a diverse array of congenital anomalies. These include a range of neuroanatomical comorbidities which likely underlie the varied neurodevelopmental disorders associated with CHARGE syndrome, which include intellectual disability, motor coordination deficits, executive dysfunction, and autism spectrum disorder. Cranial imaging studies are challenging in CHARGE syndrome patients, but high-throughput magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in mouse models allow for the unbiased identification of neuroanatomical defects. Here, we present a comprehensive neuroanatomical survey of a Chd7 haploinsufficient mouse model of CHARGE syndrome. Our study uncovered widespread brain hypoplasia and reductions in white matter volume across the brain. The severity of hypoplasia appeared more pronounced in posterior areas of the neocortex compared to anterior regions. We also perform the first assessment of white matter tract integrity in this model through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess the potential functional consequences of widespread reductions in myelin, which suggested the presence of white matter integrity defects. To determine if white matter alterations correspond to cellular changes, we quantified oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the postnatal corpus callosum, uncovering reduced numbers of mature oligodendrocytes. Together, these results present a range of promising avenues of focus for future cranial imaging studies in CHARGE syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. A. Donovan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lauren Rosko
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsThe University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Preclinical Imaging, Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jeffrey K. Huang
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Centre for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - M. Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
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10
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Nomakuchi TT, Danowitz M, Stewart B, Leonard J, Izumi K, Krantz I, Kolon TF, Langdon D, Skraban C, Van Batavia J, Zackai E, Jiao K, Linn R, Alexander C, Zaontz M, Vogiatzi MG, Pyle LC. Expanding the reproductive organ phenotype of CHD7-spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1418-1424. [PMID: 36794641 PMCID: PMC10501305 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CHD7 disorder is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotypic spectrum, and includes CHARGE syndrome. Internal and external genital phenotypes frequently seen in CHD7 disorder include cryptorchidism and micropenis in males, and vaginal hypoplasia in females, both thought to be secondary to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Here, we report 14 deeply phenotyped individuals with known CHD7 variants (9 pathogenic/likely pathogenic and 5 VOUS) and a range of reproductive and endocrine phenotypes. Reproductive organ anomalies were observed in 8 of 14 individuals and were more commonly noted in males (7/7), most of whom presented with micropenis and/or cryptorchidism. Kallmann syndrome was commonly observed among adolescents and adults with CHD7 variants. Remarkably, one 46,XY individual presented with ambiguous genitalia, cryptorchidism with Müllerian structures including uterus, vagina and fallopian tubes, and one 46,XX female patient presented with absent vagina, uterus and ovaries. These cases expand the genital and reproductive phenotype of CHD7 disorder to include two individuals with genital/gonadal atypia (ambiguous genitalia), and one with Müllerian aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki T. Nomakuchi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melinda Danowitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Blythe Stewart
- Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Leonard
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas F. Kolon
- Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Langdon
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Cara Skraban
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Van Batavia
- Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Linn
- Division of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin Alexander
- Division of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Zaontz
- Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria G. Vogiatzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Louise C. Pyle
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Rare Disease Institute and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Ritter KE, Lynch SM, Gorris AM, Beyer LA, Kabara L, Dolan DF, Raphael Y, Martin DM. Loss of the chromatin remodeler CHD7 impacts glial cells and myelination in the mouse cochlear spiral ganglion. Hear Res 2022; 426:108633. [PMID: 36288662 PMCID: PMC10184650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a multiple anomaly developmental disorder characterized by a variety of sensory deficits, including sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology. Most cases of CHARGE are caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in CHD7, the gene encoding Chromodomain DNA-binding Protein 7 (CHD7), a chromatin remodeler important for the development of neurons and glial cells. Previous studies in the Chd7Gt/+ mouse model of CHARGE syndrome showed substantial neuron loss in the early stages of the developing inner ear that are compensated for by mid-gestation. In this study, we sought to determine if early developmental delays caused by Chd7 haploinsufficiency affect neurons, glial cells, and inner hair cell innervation in the mature cochlea. Analysis of auditory brainstem response recordings in Chd7Gt/+ adult animals showed elevated thresholds at 4 kHz and 16 kHz, but no differences in ABR Wave I peak latency or amplitude compared to wild type controls. Proportions of neurons in the Chd7Gt/+ adult spiral ganglion and densities of nerve projections from the spiral ganglion to the organ of Corti were not significantly different from wild type controls. Inner hair cell synapse formation also appeared unaffected in mature Chd7Gt/+ cochleae. However, histological analysis of adult Chd7Gt/+ cochleae revealed diminished satellite glial cells and hypermyelinated Type I spiral ganglion axons. We characterized the expression of CHD7 in developing inner ear glia and found CHD7 to be expressed during a tight window of inner ear development at the Schwann cell precursor stage at E9.5. While cochlear neurons appear to differentiate normally in the setting of Chd7 haploinsufficiency, our results suggest an important role for CHD7 in glial cells in the inner ear. This study highlights the dynamic nature of CHD7 activity during inner ear development in mice and contributes to understanding CHARGE syndrome pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elaine Ritter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sloane M Lynch
- College of Literature, Science and Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley M Gorris
- College of Literature, Science and Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Kabara
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David F Dolan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Collins SC, Vancollie VE, Mikhaleva A, Wagner C, Balz R, Lelliott CJ, Yalcin B. Characterization of Two Mouse Chd7 Heterozygous Loss-of-Function Models Shows Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum and Previously Unreported Features of CHARGE Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911509. [PMID: 36232804 PMCID: PMC9569499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare congenital disorder frequently caused by mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein-7 CHD7. Here, we developed and systematically characterized two genetic mouse models with identical, heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of the Chd7 gene engineered on inbred and outbred genetic backgrounds. We found that both models showed consistent phenotypes with the core clinical manifestations seen in CHARGE syndrome, but the phenotypes in the inbred Chd7 model were more severe, sometimes having reduced penetrance and included dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, hypoplasia of the hippocampus, abnormal retrosplenial granular cortex, ventriculomegaly, hyperactivity, growth delays, impaired grip strength and repetitive behaviors. Interestingly, we also identified previously unreported features including reduced levels of basal insulin and reduced blood lipids. We suggest that the phenotypic variation reported in individuals diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome is likely due to the genetic background and modifiers. Finally, our study provides a valuable resource, making it possible for mouse biologists interested in Chd7 to make informed choices on which mouse model they should use to study phenotypes of interest and investigate in more depth the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C. Collins
- Inserm UMR1231, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 15 Boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21070 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.Y.)
| | | | - Anna Mikhaleva
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christel Wagner
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Rebecca Balz
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Inserm UMR1231, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 15 Boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21070 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.Y.)
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13
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Dong Y, Shi X, Du K, Shi Y, Wang J, Jia T, Zhang K, Xu R, Wang L. [Clinical and genetic analysis of two patients with CHARGE syndrome due to de novo variants of CHD7 gene]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:387-391. [PMID: 35446972 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20210405-00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics and genetic basis of two children patients with CHARGE syndrome. METHODS The clinical features of the two patients were analyzed, and potential variants were detected by Trio whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) of the probands and their parents. RESULTS Child 1 has manifested cerebellar vermis dysplasia, enlargement of cerebral ventricles, whereas child 2 manifested with infantile spasm and congenital hip dysplasia. Both children were found to harbor de novo heterozygous variants of the CHD7 gene, namely c.4015C>T (exon 17) and c.5050G>A (exon 22). Based on the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the two variants were rated as pathogenic variants, and the related disease was CHARGE syndrome. Furthermore, child 2 was also found to harbor a novel heterozygous c.6161A>C (p.Gln2054Pro) missense variant of COL12A1 gene, which was rated as possibly pathogenic, and the associated disease was Bethlem myopathy type 2, which is partially matched with the patient' s clinical phenotype. CONCLUSION The special clinical phenotypes shown by the two children harboring novel CHD7 variants have further expanded the phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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14
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Kotova EN, Bogomilsky MR. [CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:7-12. [PMID: 35818939 DOI: 10.17116/otorino2022870317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the most commonly associated genetic syndromes with congenital choanal atresia is CHARGE syndrome, which includes multiple congenital anomalies with variable phenotypic manifestations. The article presents data on the history of the study, prevalence, etiology and clinical criteria of this pathology. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of detection and features of clinical manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on the literature data and our own research, the features of the clinical manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia are presented. RESULTS The association of malformations, which in most cases had bilateral localization, was detected in 27 (18.8%) patients with congenital choanal atresia. In 20 children, the analysis for the presence of the CHD7 mutation was carried out by sequencing, while CHD7 mutations were detected in 18 (90%) patients meeting the clinical criteria of CHARGE syndrome. The absence of mutations of the CHD7 gene in the remaining patients indicates the genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome. CONCLUSION The detection of CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia is of great clinical importance, since timely diagnosis and correction of other pathology minimizes the chance of complications during surgical treatment and allows for the formation of individual routing of patients for treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, the examination and management of children with congenital choanal atresia associated with other malformations should be carried out on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Kotova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M R Bogomilsky
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Lubaua I, Teraudkalna M. Ebstein Anomaly and Right Aortic Arch in Patient with Charge Syndrome. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111239. [PMID: 34833458 PMCID: PMC8619708 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by a varying degree of anatomical and functional abnormalities of tricuspid valve and right ventricle. It often coexists with other congenital cardiac malformations. Up to 79–89% of patients with Ebstein anomaly have interatrial communication in the form of patent oval foramen or atrial septal defect and more than one-third has other types of cardiac malformations. Association between Ebstein anomaly and right aortic arch is extremely rare and only few cases have been described in the literature so far. Much rarer than with other cardiac malformations, Ebstein anomaly is associated with non-cardiac malformations or genetic syndromes. Several cases of association between Ebstein anomaly and Charge syndrome have been reported, nevertheless, Ebstein anomaly accounts for less than 1% of cardiac defects seen in patients with Charge syndrome. In this case report, we present a unique case of a patient with Charge syndrome where both Ebstein anomaly and right aortic arch are present. The diagnosis of Ebstein anomaly and right aortic arch was established prenatally. In the first years of life, the patient did not exhibit any remarkable symptoms. However, over time, deterioration of right ventricle function and increased tricuspid regurgitation were observed, requiring consideration of surgical treatment at the age of five. In addition, delay in physical, motor, and mental development was observed and thus, at the age of five, the patient was consulted by a medical geneticist and a gene panel to test for structural heart defects was ordered. The test showed a mutation in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene, which, along with clinical features, allowed to establish a diagnosis of Charge syndrome. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with Charge syndrome, Ebstein anomaly, and right aortic arch that has been described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inguna Lubaua
- Department of Pediatrics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Madara Teraudkalna
- Department of Pediatrics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
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Onesimo R, Ricci D, Agazzi C, Leone S, Petrianni M, Orazi L, Amore F, Salerni A, Leoni C, Chieffo D, Tartaglia M, Mercuri E, Zampino G. Visual Function and Ophthalmological Findings in CHARGE Syndrome: Revision of Literature, Definition of a New Clinical Spectrum and Genotype Phenotype Correlation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070972. [PMID: 34202106 PMCID: PMC8303791 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease causing multiple anatomical defects and sensory impairment. Visual function is usually reported by caregivers and has never been described with a structured behavioral assessment. Our primary objective was to describe ocular abnormalities, visual function and genotype–ocular-phenotype correlation in CS. A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed on 14 children with CS carrying pathogenic CHD7 variants. All children underwent ophthalmological evaluation and structured behavioral assessment of visual function. The VISIOCHARGE questionnaire was administered to parents. Colobomas were present in 93% of patients. Genotype–phenotype correlation documented mitigated features in a subset of patients with intronic pathogenic variants predicted to affect transcript processing, and severe features in patients with frameshift/nonsense variants predicting protein truncation at the N-terminus. Abnormal visual function was present in all subjects, with different degrees of impairment. A significant correlation was found between visual function and age at assessment (p-value = 0.025). The present data are the first to characterize visual function in CS patients. They suggest that hypomorphic variants might be associated with milder features, and that visual function appears to be related to age. While studies with larger cohorts are required for confirmation, our data indicate that experience appears to influence everyday use of visual function more than ocular abnormalities do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630155210; Fax: +39-0630154363
| | - Daniela Ricci
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Agazzi
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Simona Leone
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Petrianni
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Orazi
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Amore
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Salerni
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Clinical psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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17
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Tao Z, Lu F. [Clinical phenotype and analysis of CHD7 gene variants in three children patients with CHARGE syndrome]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2021; 38:42-46. [PMID: 33423256 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20200622-00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic basis for three children patients with CHARGE syndrome. METHODS The three children and their parents were subjected to whole exome sequencing, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS All patients had ocular anomalies including microphthalmia, microcornea, lens opacity, and coloboma of iris, optic nerve, retina and choroid. And all were found to carry heterozygous variants of the CHD7 gene, which included two frameshifting variant, namely c.1447delG (p.Val483Leufs*12) and c.1021_1048delAATCAGTCCGTACCAAGATACCCCAATG (p.Asn341Leufs*2) in exon 2, which were unreported previously and were pathogenic based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines (PVS1+PM2+PM6), and a nonsense variant c.7957C>T (p.Arg2653*) in exon 36, which was known to be likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2+PP4). Sanger sequencing confirmed that the two frameshifting mutations were de novo, and the nonsense mutation was also suspected to be de novo. CONCLUSION Pathological variants of the CHD7 gene probably underlay the CHARGE syndrome in the three patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 640000, China.
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18
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Suspitsin EN, Guseva MN, Kostik MM, Sokolenko AP, Skripchenko NV, Levina AS, Goleva OV, Dubko MF, Tumakova AV, Makhova MA, Lyazina LV, Bizin IV, Sokolova NE, Gabrusskaya TV, Ditkovskaya LV, Kozlova OP, Vahliarskaya SS, Kondratenko IV, Imyanitov EN. Next generation sequencing analysis of consecutive Russian patients with clinical suspicion of inborn errors of immunity. Clin Genet 2020; 98:231-239. [PMID: 32441320 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune deficiencies are usually attributed to genetic defects and, therefore, frequently referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We subjected the genomic DNA of 333 patients with clinical signs of IEI to next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 344 immunity-related genes and, in some instances, additional genetic techniques. Genetic causes of the disease were identified in 69/333 (21%) of subjects, including 11/18 (61%) of children with syndrome-associated IEIs, 45/202 (22%) of nonsyndromic patients with Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) warning signs, 9/56 (16%) of subjects with periodic fever, 3/30 (10%) of cases of autoimmune cytopenia, 1/21 (5%) of patients with unusually severe infections and 0/6 (0%) of individuals with isolated elevation of IgE level. There were unusual clinical observations: twins with severe immunodeficiency carried a de novo CHARGE syndrome-associated SEMA3E c.2108C>T (p.S703L) allele; however, they lacked clinical features of CHARGE syndrome. Additionally, there were genetically proven instances of Netherton syndrome, Х-linked agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), IPEX and APECED syndromes, among others. Some patients carried recurrent pathogenic alleles, such as AIRE c.769C>T (p.R257*), NBN c.657del5, DCLRE1C c.103C>G (p.H35D), NLRP12 c.1054C>T (p.R352C) and c.910C>T (p.H304Y). NGS is a powerful tool for high-throughput examination of patients with malfunction of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina N Guseva
- Outpatient Department, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Immunology, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Kostik
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Skripchenko
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neuroinfections and Nervous System Pathology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Levina
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Goleva
- Department of Virusology and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita F Dubko
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Tumakova
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A Makhova
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ilya V Bizin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia E Sokolova
- Department of Hematology, First City Children Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gabrusskaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liliya V Ditkovskaya
- I.M. Vorontsov Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga P Kozlova
- Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Vahliarskaya
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Russian Children Clinical Hospital, N.N. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kondratenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Russian Children Clinical Hospital, N.N. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Ungaro C, Citrigno L, Trojsi F, Sprovieri T, Gentile G, Muglia M, Monsurrò MR, Tedeschi G, Cavallaro S, Conforti FL. ALS and CHARGE syndrome: a clinical and genetic study. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:629-635. [PMID: 30317490 PMCID: PMC6244742 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-1029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and CHARGE syndrome are complex neurological disorders, which never occurred together in the same family and, to date, no putative correlation between them has been described on PubMed Central. Due to our aim was to evaluate the presence of different genetic variants involved in these pathologies, we reported a clinical and genetic description of two sisters affected by these two different disorders. In the CHARGE patient, molecular analysis of the CHD7 gene revealed the c.8016G >A de novo variant in exon 37. The ALS patient had been screened negative for mutations in SOD1, TARDBP, FUS/TLS, C9orf72 and KIF5A genes. Anyway, targeted next generation sequencing analysis identified known and unknown genetic variations in 39 ALS-related genes: a total of 380 variants were reported, of which 194 in the ALS patient and 186 in the CHARGE patient. To date, although the results suggest that the occurrence of the two syndromes in the same family is co-incidental rather than based on a causative genetic variant, we could hypothesize that other factors might act as modulators in the pathogenesis of these different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Ungaro
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy
| | - Luigi Citrigno
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche, Neurologiche, Metaboliche e dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Sprovieri
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy
| | - Giulia Gentile
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Muglia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Monsurrò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche, Neurologiche, Metaboliche e dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche, Neurologiche, Metaboliche e dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN), National Research Council, C.da Burga, Mangone, CS, Italy.
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Aksel Kılıçarslan Ö, Ataman E, Gürsoy S, Hazan F, Randa C, Çankaya T, Erçal D, Ülgenalp A, Giray Bozkaya Ö. Phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome based on clinical characteristics. Turk J Med Sci 2018; 48:911-915. [PMID: 30384553 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1611-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: CHARGE syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease with multiple congenital anomalies and cognitive impairment, which is caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene. This study aimed to disclose the mild end of the phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome, which has a highly variable expressivity. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients who had at least one of the major symptoms of CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, choanal atresia, characteristic ear anomalies, semicircular canal hypoplasia, and cranial nerve anomalies) were included in the study. All patients were tested for karyotype analysis and CHD7 gene mutation/deletion. Results: In the study population, 6 different mutations were detected in 5 patients, and 2 different polymorphisms were detected in the CHD7 gene in 3 patients. MLPA analysis of all coding exons of the CHD7 gene revealed no pathogenic deletion/duplication. Conclusion: CHARGE syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis to detect the mild end of the spectrum, even if the patient does not fit the criteria.
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Moccia A, Srivastava A, Skidmore JM, Bernat JA, Wheeler M, Chong JX, Nickerson D, Bamshad M, Hefner MA, Martin DM, Bielas SL. Genetic analysis of CHARGE syndrome identifies overlapping molecular biology. Genet Med 2018; 20:1022-1029. [PMID: 29300383 PMCID: PMC6034995 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal-dominant, multiple congenital anomaly condition characterized by vision and hearing loss, congenital heart disease, and malformations of craniofacial and other structures. Pathogenic variants in CHD7, encoding adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7, are present in the majority of affected individuals. However, no causal variant can be found in 5-30% (depending on the cohort) of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 28 families from which at least one individual presented with features highly suggestive of CHARGE syndrome. RESULTS Pathogenic variants in CHD7 were present in 15 of 28 individuals (53.6%), whereas 4 (14.3%) individuals had pathogenic variants in other genes (RERE, KMT2D, EP300, or PUF60). A variant of uncertain clinical significance in KDM6A was identified in one (3.5%) individual. The remaining eight (28.6%) individuals were not found to have pathogenic variants by WES. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the phenotypic features of CHARGE syndrome overlap with multiple other rare single-gene syndromes. Additionally, they implicate a shared molecular pathology that disrupts epigenetic regulation of multiple-organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Moccia
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anshika Srivastava
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer M Skidmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John A Bernat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marsha Wheeler
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica X Chong
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret A Hefner
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Bielas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Abstract
RATIONALE This study aimed to investigate the genetic mutation characteristics of Kallmann syndrome (KS) with CHARGE syndrome through the clinical features and genetic analysis of a pediatric patient with KS in one pedigree. PATIENT CONCERNS Developmental disorders with olfactory abnormalities, developmental lag, heart malformations, external genital malformations. DIAGNOSES KS combined with some clinical characteristics of CHARGE syndrome. Molecular genetic analysis found that mutation occurred in the CHD7 gene. INTERVENTIONS One pediatric patient's clinical data were collected and genomic DNA extracted from the peripheral blood. Nextgeneration gene sequencing technology was used to detect pathogenic genes, and the Sanger method was applied to perform pedigree verification for the detected suspicious pathogenic mutations. OUTCOMES Gene detection revealed there to be a heterozygous mutation in the CHD7 gene of the patient, which was a missense mutation c.6571G > A (p.E2191K). The father's genotype was wild type, whereas it was the mutant type for the mother and younger brother. The distribution frequency of this mutation was zero in the dbSNP database, Hapmap, 1000 genomes database, and ExAC. Neither the mother nor the younger brother showed any clinical feature of KS or CHARGE syndrome. LESSONS This study reports 1 case of KS with some clinical features of CHARGE syndrome as determined via clinical and genetic analysis, and found a new mutation in the CHD7 gene, suggesting that KS has an incomplete penetrance. Meanwhile, data suggested that mutation in the CHD7 gene could be detected in the setting of incomplete clinical manifestations of CHARGE syndrome, or without the usually believed manifestations of combined deafness as well as morphological abnormalities of the ear, providing new evidence for the differential diagnosis of KS with CHARGE syndrome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics
| | - Li Pan
- Children's Medical Center
| | | | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric General Surgury, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics
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Li G, Li N, Xu Y, Li J, Ding Y, Shen Y, Wang X, Wang J. [Genetic analysis of two children patients affected with CHARGE syndrome]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2018; 35:244-247. [PMID: 29653002 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze two Chinese pediatric patients with multiple malformations and growth and development delay. METHODS Both patients were subjected to targeted gene sequencing, and the results were analyzed with Ingenuity Variant Analysis software. Suspected pathogenic variations were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing showed that both patients have carried heterozygous variants of the CHD7 gene. Patient 1 carried a nonsense mutation in exon 36 (c.7957C>T, p.Arg2653*), while patient 2 carried a nonsense mutation of exon 2 (c.718C>T, p.Gln240*). Sanger sequencing confirmed the above mutations in both patients, while their parents were of wild-type for the corresponding sites, indicating that the two mutations have happened de novo. CONCLUSION Two patients were diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome by high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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de Geus CM, Free RH, Verbist BM, Sival DA, Blake KD, Meiners LC, van Ravenswaaij‐Arts CMA. Guidelines in CHARGE syndrome and the missing link: Cranial imaging. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2017; 175:450-464. [PMID: 29168326 PMCID: PMC5765497 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
"CHARGE syndrome" is a complex syndrome with high and extremely variable comorbidity. As a result, clinicians may struggle to provide accurate and comprehensive care, and this has led to the publication of several clinical surveillance guidelines and recommendations for CHARGE syndrome, based on both single case observations and cohort studies. Here we perform a structured literature review to examine all the existing advice. Our findings provide additional support for the validity of the recently published Trider checklist. We also identified a gap in literature when reviewing all guidelines and recommendations, and we propose a guideline for neuroradiological evaluation of patients with CHARGE syndrome. This is of importance, as patients with CHARGE are at risk for peri-anesthetic complications, making recurrent imaging procedures under anesthesia a particular risk in clinical practice. However, comprehensive cranial imaging is also of tremendous value for timely diagnosis, proper treatment of symptoms and for further research into CHARGE syndrome. We hope the guideline for neuroradiological evaluation will help clinicians provide efficient and comprehensive care for individuals with CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa M. de Geus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenCenter of Expertise for CHARGE syndromeGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of GeneticsGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rolien H. Free
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenCenter of Expertise for CHARGE syndromeGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of ENTGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Berit M. Verbist
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Deborah A. Sival
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenCenter of Expertise for CHARGE syndromeGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center Groningen, department of PediatricsGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kim D. Blake
- IWK Health CentreHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Faculty of MedicineDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Linda C. Meiners
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenCenter of Expertise for CHARGE syndromeGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of RadiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Conny M. A. van Ravenswaaij‐Arts
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenCenter of Expertise for CHARGE syndromeGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of GeneticsGroningenThe Netherlands
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25
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Kong F, Martin DM. Atopic disorders in CHARGE syndrome: A retrospective study and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:225-229. [PMID: 29191495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic disorders have been reported in CHARGE syndrome, but the prevalence and underlying mechanisms are not known. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of atopic disorders in 23 individuals with CHARGE syndrome, and reviewed other published reports of atopic disorders in CHARGE syndrome. We assayed for enrichment of atopic disorders in CHARGE syndrome based on gender and presence of a CHD7 pathogenic variant. RESULTS In our cohort, 65% (15/23) of individuals with CHARGE syndrome were found to have a pathogenic CHD7 variant. Overall, 65% (15/23) of individuals with CHARGE had atopic disorders. Among the 23 individuals with CHARGE, 22% (5/23) had food allergy, 26% (6/23) exhibited drug allergy, 22% (5/23) had contact allergy, 9% (2/23) had allergic rhinitis, and 22% (5/23) had asthma. In our cohort, the proportion of males to females with CHARGE and atopic disorders was 11:4 (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between atopic disorders in individuals with CHD7 pathogenic variants and those without CHD7 pathogenic variants (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In our cohort of 23 individuals with CHARGE syndrome, 15 (65%) exhibited atopic disorders, with a slight male predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Hefner MA, Fassi E. Genetic counseling in CHARGE syndrome: Diagnostic evaluation through follow up. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2017; 175:407-416. [PMID: 29088501 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a complex genetic disorder causing multiple birth defects and sensory deficits (hearing, vision, balance, smell). Genetic counseling in CS must include not only the provision of factual information about CS, its cause, and inheritance, but also information about the developmental implications of CS features, referral to appropriate resources, and assistance with psychosocial adaptation to this information. CS should be considered in patients with any of the major diagnostic features: coloboma, choanal atresia, semicircular canal anomalies, or cranial nerve anomalies. The prime candidates in the differential are 22q11.2 deletion and Kabuki syndromes. Evaluation of features of CS, dysmorphology examination, and genetic testing can usually distinguish between the three conditions. Genetic counseling is important from early on, to help the family understand the process of genetic diagnosis, to interpret information coming from other specialists and to provide support and resources. Parents can easily be overwhelmed with the complexity of issues facing their child at diagnosis and in the future. CS is a substantial burden on a child, with high early mortality, multiple illnesses, hospitalizations and surgeries, and apparent medical fragility throughout life. The medical complexity of CS disrupts family life and contributes to delayed development. Multiple sensory deficits (impaired vision, hearing, and balance) further contribute to delayed motor and language development despite many individuals with CS having normal intelligence. Early referral to specialists in deafblindness and sensory deficits is essential. Resources are available to assist genetic counselors in diagnosis, follow-up, and management of patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Fassi
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Asad Z, Pandey A, Babu A, Sun Y, Shevade K, Kapoor S, Ullah I, Ranjan S, Scaria V, Bajpai R, Sachidanandan C. Rescue of neural crest-derived phenotypes in a zebrafish CHARGE model by Sox10 downregulation. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3539-3554. [PMID: 27418670 PMCID: PMC5179949 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD7 mutations are implicated in a majority of cases of the congenital disorder, CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE, an autosomal dominant syndrome, is known to affect multiple tissues including eye, heart, ear, craniofacial nerves and skeleton and genital organs. Using a morpholino-antisense-oligonucleotide-based zebrafish model for CHARGE syndrome, we uncover a complex spectrum of abnormalities in the neural crest and the crest-derived cell types. We report for the first time, defects in myelinating Schwann cells, enteric neurons and pigment cells in a CHARGE model. We also observe defects in the specification of peripheral neurons and the craniofacial skeleton as previously reported. Chd7 morphants have impaired migration of neural crest cells and deregulation of sox10 expression from the early stages. Knocking down Sox10 in the zebrafish CHARGE model rescued the defects in Schwann cells and craniofacial cartilage. Our zebrafish CHARGE model thus reveals important regulatory roles for Chd7 at multiple points of neural crest development viz., migration, fate choice and differentiation and we suggest that sox10 deregulation is an important driver of the neural crest-derived aspects of Chd7 dependent CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Asad
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India and
| | - Aditi Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Aswini Babu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India and
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaivalya Shevade
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shruti Kapoor
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India and
| | - Ikram Ullah
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shashi Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India and
| | - Ruchi Bajpai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India and
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Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies, and/or hearing loss. We report the case of a 2-year-old boy with CHARGE syndrome who presented with left exotropia and elevation deficit since infancy. He had patent ductus arteriosus, small testicles, growth retardation, auricular deformity, left semicircular canal aplasia, and a de novo nonsense mutation (p.Ser705X) of the CHD7 gene. He had a left exotropia of 40 prism diopters, marked limitation of upgaze and mild limitation of downgaze and adduction in the left eye. On upgaze, his left eye adducted but did not elevate. The pupils of both eyes were round and isocoric. Fundus examination revealed optic disk and choroidal colobomas. CHARGE syndrome with oculomotor nerve palsy has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Kim
- Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ja-Won Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mun Young Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Marcos S, Sarfati J, Leroy C, Fouveaut C, Parent P, Metz C, Wolczynski S, Gérard M, Bieth E, Kurtz F, Verier-Mine O, Perrin L, Archambeaud F, Cabrol S, Rodien P, Hove H, Prescott T, Lacombe D, Christin-Maitre S, Touraine P, Hieronimus S, Dewailly D, Young J, Pugeat M, Hardelin JP, Dodé C. The prevalence of CHD7 missense versus truncating mutations is higher in patients with Kallmann syndrome than in typical CHARGE patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2138-43. [PMID: 25077900 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in CHD7, a gene previously implicated in CHARGE (coloboma, heart defect, choanal atresia, retardation of growth and/or development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies) syndrome, have been reported in patients presenting with Kallmann syndrome (KS) or congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). Most mutations causing CHARGE syndrome result in premature stop codons and occur de novo, but the proportion of truncating vs nontruncating mutations in KS and CHH patients is still unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the nature, prevalence, mode of transmission, and clinical spectrum of CHD7 mutations in a large series of patients. DESIGN We studied 209 KS and 94 CHH patients. These patients had not been diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome according to the current criteria. We searched for mutations in 16 KS and CHH genes including CHD7. RESULTS We found presumably pathogenic mutations in CHD7 in 24 KS patients but not in CHH patients. Nontruncating mutations (16 missense and a two-codon duplication) were more prevalent than truncating mutations (three nonsense, three frame shift, and a splice site), which contrasts with patients presenting with typical CHARGE syndrome. Thus, the clinical spectrum associated with CHD7 mutations may be partly explained by genotype/phenotype correlations. Eight patients also had congenital deafness and one had a cleft lip/palate, whereas six had both. For 10 patients, the presence of diverse features of the CHARGE spectrum in at least one relative argues against a de novo appearance of the missense mutation, and this was confirmed by genetic analysis in five families. CONCLUSION Considering the large prevalence and clinical spectrum of CHD7 mutations, it will be particularly relevant to genetic counseling to search for mutations in this gene in KS patients seeking fertility treatment, especially if KS is associated with deafness and cleft lip/palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Marcos
- EA7331 Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques (S.M., C.D.), 75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires (J.S., C.L., C.F., C.D.), Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; Service de Pédiatrie et de Génétique Médicale (P.P., C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Morvan, 29200 Brest, France; Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology (S.W.), PL-15-1276 Bialystok, Poland; Service de Génétique (M.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Clémenceau, 14033 Caen, France; Service de Génétique Médicale (E.B.), Hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.K.), Hôpital Bel Air, 57126 Thionville, France; Service d'Edocrinologie (O.V.-M.), Centre Hospitalier, 59322 Valenciennes, France; UF de Génétique Clinique (L.P.), Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France; Service de Médecine et d'Endocrinologie (F.A.), Hôpital du Cluzeau, 87042 Limoges, France; Service d'Endocrinologie (S.C.), Hôpital Trousseau, and Service d'Endocrinologie (S.C.-M.), Hôpital St Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France; Service d'Endocrinologie (P.R.), Centre Hospitalier, 49933 Angers, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (H.H.), University Hospital, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Hospital HF Rikshospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Service de Génétique Médicale (D.L.), Hôpital Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service d'Endocrinologie (P.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; Service d'Endocrinologie (S.H.), Hôpital l'Archet, 06003 Nice, France; Service de Gynécologie Endocrinienne (D.D.), Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, 59037 Lille, France; Service d'Endocrinologie (J.Y.), Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service d'Endocrinologie (M.P.), Hôpital Neurologiqu
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Wenger TL, Harr M, Ricciardi S, Bhoj E, Santani A, Adam MP, Barnett SS, Ganetzky R, McDonald-McGinn DM, Battaglia D, Bigoni S, Selicorni A, Sorge G, Monica MD, Mari F, Andreucci E, Romano S, Cocchi G, Savasta S, Malbora B, Marangi G, Garavelli L, Zollino M, Zackai EH. CHARGE-like presentation, craniosynostosis and mild Mowat-Wilson Syndrome diagnosed by recognition of the distinctive facial gestalt in a cohort of 28 new cases. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2557-66. [PMID: 25123255 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability and distinctive facial features in association with variable structural congenital anomalies/clinical features including congenital heart disease, Hirschsprung disease, hypospadias, agenesis of the corpus callosum, short stature, epilepsy, and microcephaly. Less common clinical features include ocular anomalies, craniosynostosis, mild intellectual disability, and choanal atresia. These cases may be more difficult to diagnose. In this report, we add 28 MWS patients with molecular confirmation of ZEB2 mutation, including seven with an uncommon presenting feature. Among the "unusual" patients, two patients had clinical features of charge syndrome including choanal atresia, coloboma, cardiac defects, genitourinary anomaly (1/2), and severe intellectual disability; two patients had craniosynostosis; and three patients had mild intellectual disability. Sixteen patients have previously-unreported mutations in ZEB2. Genotype-phenotype correlations were suggested in those with mild intellectual disability (two had a novel missense mutation in ZEB2, one with novel splice site mutation). This report increases the number of reported patients with MWS with unusual features, and is the first report of MWS in children previously thought to have CHARGE syndrome. These patients highlight the importance of facial gestalt in the accurate identification of MWS when less common features are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Wenger
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
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Ogier JM, Carpinelli MR, Arhatari BD, Symons RCA, Kile BT, Burt RA. CHD7 deficiency in "Looper", a new mouse model of CHARGE syndrome, results in ossicle malformation, otosclerosis and hearing impairment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97559. [PMID: 24840056 PMCID: PMC4026240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare human disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7). Characteristics of CHARGE are varied and include developmental ear and hearing anomalies. Here we report a novel mouse model of CHD7 dysfunction, termed Looper. The Looper strain harbours a nonsense mutation (c.5690C>A, p.S1897X) within the Chd7 gene. Looper mice exhibit many of the clinical features of the human syndrome, consistent with previously reported CHARGE models, including growth retardation, facial asymmetry, vestibular defects, eye anomalies, hyperactivity, ossicle malformation, hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Looper mice display an otosclerosis-like fusion of the stapes footplate to the cochlear oval window and blepharoconjunctivitis but not coloboma. Looper mice are hyperactive and have vestibular dysfunction but do not display motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina R. Carpinelli
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benedicta D. Arhatari
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Department of Physics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. C. Andrew Symons
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin T. Kile
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Burt
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Vizeneux A, Hilfiger A, Bouligand J, Pouillot M, Brailly-Tabard S, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K, Brauner R. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism during childhood: presentation and genetic analyses in 46 boys. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77827. [PMID: 24204987 PMCID: PMC3812007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of the patients reported with mutations in isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) are adults. We analysed the presentation and the plasma inhibin B and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations during childhood and adolescence, and compared them to the genetic results. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center study of 46 boys with HH. RESULTS Fourteen (30.4%) had Kallmann syndrome (KS), 4 (8.7%) had CHARGE syndrome and 28 (60.9%) had HH without olfaction deficit nor olfactive bulb hypoplasia. Eighteen (39%) had an associated malformation or syndromes. At diagnosis, 22 (47.8%) boys were aged <one year, 9 (19%) 1-11 and 15 (32.6%) 11-17.6 years. They presented with micropenis (n = 32, 69.6%, including all those <one year), cryptorchidism (n = 32, 69.6%, unilateral in 8, bilateral in 24), and/or pubertal delay (n = 11). The plasma inhibin B concentrations were normal in 8 (3 KS including one CHARGE and 5 other HH), at the lower limit of the normal in 6 and decreased in 13 (48%) boys. The AMH concentrations were normal in 15 (6 KS including one CHARGE and 9 other HH) and decreased in 12 (44%) boys. In addition to the CHD7 gene mutations in 4 patients with CHARGE, mutations were found in 5/26 other boys analysed including one in KAL1 gene with STS, 2 in FGFR1 gene, one in PROKR2 gene and one in GnRHR gene. CONCLUSIONS The presence of micropenis in neonate, particularly if associated with cryptorchidism, is an indication to look for gonadotropin deficiency isolated or associated with other hypothalamic-pituitary deficiencies. Inhibin B and AMH concentrations are suggestive if low, but they may be normal. Despite the high frequency of the associated malformations and excluding the patients with CHARGE or ichtyosis, the 4 patients with mutations had no family history or malformation. This suggests that many other genes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Vizeneux
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aude Hilfiger
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Université Paris Sud and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique, hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Monique Pouillot
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Brailly-Tabard
- Université Paris Sud and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique, hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Raja Brauner
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Gregory LC, Gevers EF, Baker J, Kasia T, Chong K, Josifova DJ, Caimari M, Bilan F, McCabe MJ, Dattani MT. Structural pituitary abnormalities associated with CHARGE syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E737-43. [PMID: 23526466 PMCID: PMC3708033 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CHARGE syndrome is a multisystem disorder that, in addition to Kallmann syndrome/isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, has been associated with anterior pituitary hypoplasia (APH). However, structural abnormalities such as an ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP) have not yet been described in such patients. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were: 1) to describe the association between CHARGE syndrome and a structurally abnormal pituitary gland; and 2) to investigate whether CHD7 variants, which are identified in 65% of CHARGE patients, are common in septo-optic dysplasia /hypopituitarism. METHODS We describe 2 patients with features of CHARGE and EPP. CHD7 was sequenced in these and other patients with septo-optic dysplasia/hypopituitarism. RESULTS EPP, APH, and GH, TSH, and probable LH/FSH deficiency were present in 1 patient, and EPP and APH with GH, TSH, LH/FSH, and ACTH deficiency were present in another patient, both of whom had features of CHARGE syndrome. Both had variations in CHD7 that were novel and undetected in control cohorts or in the international database of CHARGE patients, but were also present in their unaffected mothers. No CHD7 variants were detected in the patients with septo-optic dysplasia/hypopituitarism without additional CHARGE features. CONCLUSION We report a novel association between CHARGE syndrome and structural abnormalities of the pituitary gland in 2 patients with variations in CHD7 that are of unknown significance. However, CHD7 mutations are an uncommon cause of septo-optic dysplasia or hypopituitarism. Our data suggest the need for evaluation of pituitary function/anatomy in patients with CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Gregory
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Batsukh T, Schulz Y, Wolf S, Rabe TI, Oellerich T, Urlaub H, Schaefer IM, Pauli S. Identification and characterization of FAM124B as a novel component of a CHD7 and CHD8 containing complex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52640. [PMID: 23285124 PMCID: PMC3528654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 gene (CHD7) lead to CHARGE syndrome, an autosomal dominant multiple malformation disorder. Proteins involved in chromatin remodeling typically act in multiprotein complexes. We previously demonstrated that a part of human CHD7 interacts with a part of human CHD8, another chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein presumably being involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental (NDD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Because identification of novel CHD7 and CHD8 interacting partners will provide further insights into the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome and ASD/NDD, we searched for additional associated polypeptides using the method of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with mass spectrometry. Principle findings The hitherto uncharacterized FAM124B (Family with sequence similarity 124B) was identified as a potential interaction partner of both CHD7 and CHD8. We confirmed the result by co-immunoprecipitation studies and showed a direct binding to the CHD8 part by direct yeast two hybrid experiments. Furthermore, we characterized FAM124B as a mainly nuclear localized protein with a widespread expression in embryonic and adult mouse tissues. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that FAM124B is a potential interacting partner of a CHD7 and CHD8 containing complex. From the overlapping expression pattern between Chd7 and Fam124B at murine embryonic day E12.5 and the high expression of Fam124B in the developing mouse brain, we conclude that Fam124B is a novel protein possibly involved in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Schulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tamara I. Rabe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Silke Pauli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hoefsloot LH, Corsten-Janssen N, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. Molecular studies of the CHD7 gene: an obligatory diagnostic step in an expanding range of clinical phenotypes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; 12:795-7. [PMID: 23249195 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Talkowski ME, Ordulu Z, Pillalamarri V, Benson CB, Blumenthal I, Connolly S, Hanscom C, Hussain N, Pereira S, Picker J, Rosenfeld JA, Shaffer LG, Wilkins-Haug LE, Gusella JF, Morton CC. Clinical diagnosis by whole-genome sequencing of a prenatal sample. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:2226-32. [PMID: 23215558 PMCID: PMC3579222 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1208594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cytogenetic testing offers low-resolution detection of balanced karyotypic abnormalities but cannot provide the precise, gene-level knowledge required to predict outcomes. The use of high-resolution whole-genome deep sequencing is currently impractical for the purpose of routine clinical care. We show here that whole-genome "jumping libraries" can offer an immediately applicable, nucleotide-level complement to conventional genetic diagnostics within a time frame that allows for clinical action. We performed large-insert sequencing of DNA extracted from amniotic-fluid cells with a balanced de novo translocation. The amniotic-fluid sample was from a patient in the third trimester of pregnancy who underwent amniocentesis because of severe polyhydramnios after multiple fetal anomalies had been detected on ultrasonography. Using a 13-day sequence and analysis pipeline, we discovered direct disruption of CHD7, a causal locus in the CHARGE syndrome (coloboma of the eye, heart anomaly, atresia of the choanae, retardation, and genital and ear anomalies). Clinical findings at birth were consistent with the CHARGE syndrome, a diagnosis that could not have been reliably inferred from the cytogenetic breakpoint. This case study illustrates the potential power of customized whole-genome jumping libraries when used to augment prenatal karyotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Palumbo O, Palumbo P, Stallone R, Palladino T, Zelante L, Carella M. 8q12.1q12.3 de novo microdeletion involving the CHD7 gene in a patient without the major features of CHARGE syndrome: case report and critical review of the literature. Gene 2012; 513:209-13. [PMID: 23142376 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by a specific and recognizable pattern of anomalies. De novo mutations or deletions of the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the major cause of CHARGE syndrome. In this report, we describe a patient with a typical phenotype characterized by psychomotor retardation, hypertrichosis, facial asymmetry, synophria, failure to thrive, developmental delay and gastro-esophageal reflux, carrying a de novo 6.04Mb interstitial deletion in 8q12.1q12.3 detected by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. Despite the deletion includes CHD7 and although the patient shares some of the clinical features of the CHARGE syndrome, she does not fulfill the clinical criteria for this syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case with an entire deletion of the CHD7 gene not leading to CHARGE syndrome and, for this reason, useful to expand and further delineate the clinical features associated with the 8q12.1q12.3 deletion. Furthermore, the literature review revealed that the phenotype secondary to duplications of the same region partially overlaps with the phenotype reported in this study. Selected genes that are present in the hemizygous state and which might be important for the phenotype of this patient, are discussed in context of the clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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39
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Luo H, Xie L, Wang SZ, Chen JL, Huang C, Wang J, Yang JF, Zhang WZ, Yang YF, Tan ZP. Duplication of 8q12 encompassing CHD7 is associated with a distinct phenotype but without duane anomaly. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:646-9. [PMID: 22902603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial duplications of 8q12 encompassing CHD7 have recently been described as a new microduplication syndrome. Three 8q12 duplications have been reported with shared recognizable phenotype: Duane anomaly, developmental delay and dysmorphic facial features. We identified a 2.7 Mb duplication on chromosome 8q12 with SNP-array in a patient with growth delay, congenital heart defects, ear anomalies and torticollis. To our knowledge, this is the smallest duplication reported to date. Our findings support the notion that increased copy number of CHD7 may underlie the phenotype of the 8q12 duplication. Our study together with previous studies suggest that the 8q12 duplication could be defined as a novel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China
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Bergman JEH, de Ronde W, Jongmans MCJ, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Drop SLS, Hermus A, Bocca G, Hoefsloot LH, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. The results of CHD7 analysis in clinically well-characterized patients with Kallmann syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E858-62. [PMID: 22399515 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kallmann syndrome (KS) and CHARGE syndrome are rare heritable disorders in which anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism co-occur. KS is genetically heterogeneous, and there are at least eight genes involved in its pathogenesis, whereas CHARGE syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in only one gene, the CHD7 gene. Two independent studies showed that CHD7 mutations can also be found in a minority of KS patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether CHD7 mutations can give rise to isolated KS or whether additional features of CHARGE syndrome always occur. DESIGN We performed CHD7 analysis in a cohort of 36 clinically well-characterized Dutch patients with KS but without mutations in KAL1 and with known status for the KS genes with incomplete penetrance, FGFR1, PROK2, PROKR2, and FGF8. RESULTS We identified three heterozygous CHD7 mutations. The CHD7-positive patients were carefully reexamined and were all found to have additional features of CHARGE syndrome. CONCLUSION The yield of CHD7 analysis in patients with isolated KS seems very low but increases when additional CHARGE features are present. Therefore, we recommend performing CHD7 analysis in KS patients who have at least two additional CHARGE features or semicircular canal anomalies. Identifying a CHD7 mutation has important clinical implications for the surveillance and genetic counseling of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke E H Bergman
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Colin E, Bonneau D, Boussion F, Guichet A, Delorme B, Triau S, Gillard P, Kitzis A, Bilan F. Prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome by identification of a novel CHD7 mutation in a previously unaffected family. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:692-4. [PMID: 22517486 DOI: 10.1002/pd.3876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome comprises ocular coloboma (C), heart malformation (H), choanal atresia (A), retardation of growth and/or anomalies of the central nervous system (R), genital anomalies (G) and ear anomalies (E). Prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome may be suspected in the presence of specific major anomalies at ultrasound examination. We describe prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome confirmed by identification of a mutation in CHD7 gene in a previously unaffected family.
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Patten SA, Jacobs-McDaniels NL, Zaouter C, Drapeau P, Albertson RC, Moldovan F. Role of Chd7 in zebrafish: a model for CHARGE syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31650. [PMID: 22363697 PMCID: PMC3282775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene. Several organ systems including the retina, cranial nerves, inner ear and heart are affected in CHARGE syndrome. However, the mechanistic link between mutations in CHD7 and many of the organ systems dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we show that Chd7 is required for the organization of the neural retina in zebrafish. We observe an abnormal expression or a complete absence of molecular markers for the retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors, indicating that Chd7 regulates the differentiation of retinal cells and plays an essential role in retinal cell development. In addition, zebrafish with reduced Chd7 display an abnormal organization and clustering of cranial motor neurons. We also note a pronounced reduction in the facial branchiomotor neurons and the vagal motor neurons display aberrant positioning. Further, these fish exhibit a severe loss of the facial nerves. Knock-down of Chd7 results in a curvature of the long body axis and these fish develop irregular shaped vertebrae and have a reduction in bone mineralization. Chd7 knockdown also results in a loss of proper segment polarity illustrated by flawed efnb2a and ttna expression, which is associated with later vascular segmentation defects. These critical roles for Chd7 in retinal and vertebral development were previously unrecognized and our results provide new insights into the role of Chd7 during development and in CHARGE syndrome pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmoogum A. Patten
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R. Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florina Moldovan
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Moustafa-Hawash N, Smolkin T, Ilivitzki A, Zimberg-Bossira A, Gildish A, Gershoni-Baruch R, Makhoul IR. CHARGE syndrome with del(3)(p13p21): expanding the genotype. Isr Med Assoc J 2012; 14:133-134. [PMID: 22693799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivin Moustafa-Hawash
- Department of Medical Genetics, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
During mammalian development, cardiac specification and ultimately lineage commitment to a specific cardiac cell type is accomplished by the action of specific transcription factors (TFs) and their meticulous control on an epigenetic level. In this review, we detail how cardiac-specific TFs function in concert with nucleosome remodeling and histone-modifying enzymes to regulate a diverse network of genes required for processes such as cell growth and proliferation, or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), for instance. We provide examples of how several cardiac TFs, such as Nkx2.5, WHSC1, Tbx5, and Tbx1, which are associated with developmental and congenital heart defects, are required for the recruitment of histone modifiers, such as Jarid2, p300, and Ash2l, and components of ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes like Brg1, Baf60c, and Baf180. Binding of these TFs to their respective sites at cardiac genes coincides with a distinct pattern of histone marks, indicating that the precise regulation of cardiac gene networks is orchestrated by interactions between TFs and epigenetic modifiers. Furthermore, we speculate that an epigenetic signature, comprised of TF occupancy, histone modifications, and overall chromatin organization, is an underlying mechanism that governs cardiac morphogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vallaster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
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Abstract
Mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein-7 (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome, which includes eye coloboma, heart malformations, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth/development, genital anomalies, and ear abnormalities. CHARGE syndrome is usually sporadic, but is also autosomal dominant. CHD7 encodes a large protein that participates in chromatin remodeling and transcription. Findings from studies of mouse models employing ENU-mutagenesis or gene-trap methods recapitulate human CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE patients may manifest anosmia and/or hypogonadism, features that overlap with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS). Similarly, IHH/KS patients may also display partial CHARGE features. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that IHH/KS represents a milder allelic variant of CHARGE syndrome, which has been supported by the identification of heterozygous CHD7 mutations in both normosmic IHH and KS. Developmental expression within the hypothalamus and the presence of human mutations indicate that CHD7 has an important role in puberty and reproduction. In addition, WDR11 was recently identified by positional cloning; and mutations in were identified in IHH/KS patients, suggesting a role for this gene in normal puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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Song MH, Cho HJ, Lee HK, Kwon TJ, Lee WS, Oh S, Bok J, Choi JY, Kim UK. CHD7 mutational analysis and clinical considerations for auditory rehabilitation in deaf patients with CHARGE syndrome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24511. [PMID: 21931733 PMCID: PMC3172230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Otologic manifestations are one of the most consistent findings of CHARGE syndrome found in more than 90%. Since genetic analysis of the CHD7 gene has rarely been performed in previous reports dealing with ear abnormalities, the genotypic spectrum of CHD7 mutations was analyzed in deaf patients with CHARGE syndrome, and the clinical considerations concerning auditory rehabilitation were investigated. Methods Nine Korean patients with CHARGE syndrome showing profound hearing loss and semicircular canal aplasia were included. All 38 exons of CHD7 were analyzed by direct sequencing. For splice site variations, in silico and exon-trapping analyses were performed to verify the pathogenicity of nucleotide variations. Clinical features and the outcome of auditory rehabilitation were also analyzed. Results Eight of 9 patients revealed alterations of the CHD7 gene including 3 frameshift, 2 nonsense, 2 splice site, and 1 missense mutations. Five of 9 patients were clinically diagnosed as atypical CHARGE syndrome but demonstrated various mutations of the CHD7 gene. One familial case showed intra-familial variability. Radiologic findings suggesting cochleovestibular nerve deficiency were identified in most of the patients. Of the 8 patients who underwent cochlear implantation, 5 patients demonstrated favorable outcome. Larger diameter of the cochleovestibular nerve on imaging and absence of severe mental retardation were factors related to better outcome after cochlear implantation rather than the type of CHD7 mutations. Auditory brainstem implantation was performed in two patients who did not benefit from cochlear implantation. Conclusions Genetic analysis of the CHD7 gene should be performed in cases with semicircular canal aplasia even when other typical features of CHARGE syndrome are absent. For auditory rehabilitation in CHARGE syndrome, cochlear implantation should be strongly recommended in selected cases with favorable prognostic factors. Auditory brainstem implantation may be a viable option in patients with CHARGE syndrome who have failed to benefit from cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Hyun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hee Keun Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kwon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Sang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, BK 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Un-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Skałba P, Guz M. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in women. Endokrynol Pol 2011; 62:560-567. [PMID: 22144224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the role of the hypothalamus in reproduction, the definition of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), and the causes of acquired and syndromic HH and idiopathic HH (IHH). The authors present a short review of major causes of acquired HH, but most of the causes of IHH will not be discussed because they do not fall within the scope of the article. More attention is devoted to idiopathic HH, especially the genetic basis of IHH. Also presented in the article are clinical criteria of CHARGE syndrome. Later, the article discusses the clinical presentation, establishing the diagnosis, and management of IHH. The article ends with a brief overview of nutritional hypothalamic dysfunction and athletic amenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skałba
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Zentner GE, Hurd EA, Schnetz MP, Handoko L, Wang C, Wang Z, Wei C, Tesar PJ, Hatzoglou M, Martin DM, Scacheri PC. CHD7 functions in the nucleolus as a positive regulator of ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3491-501. [PMID: 20591827 PMCID: PMC2928125 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutation of the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) is the primary cause of CHARGE syndrome, a complex developmental disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of a specific set of birth defects. Recent studies indicate that CHD7 functions as a transcriptional regulator in the nucleoplasm. Here, we report based on immunofluorescence and western blotting of subcellular fractions that CHD7 is also constitutively localized to the nucleolus, the site of rRNA transcription. Standard chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicate that CHD7 physically associates with rDNA, a result that is also observable upon alignment of whole-genome CHD7 ChIP coupled with massively parallel DNA sequencing data to the rDNA reference sequence. ChIP-chop analyses demonstrate that CHD7 specifically associates with hypomethylated, active rDNA, suggesting a role as a positive regulator of rRNA synthesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, siRNA-mediated depletion of CHD7 results in hypermethylation of the rDNA promoter and a concomitant reduction of 45S pre-rRNA levels. Accordingly, cells overexpressing CHD7 show increased levels of 45S pre-rRNA compared with control cells. Depletion of CHD7 also reduced cell proliferation and protein synthesis. Lastly, compared with wild-type ES cells, the levels of 45S pre-rRNA are reduced in both Chd7(+/-) and Chd7(-/-) mouse ES cells, as well as in Chd7(-/-) whole mouse embryos and multiple tissues dissected from Chd7(+/-) embryos. Together with previously published studies, these results indicate that CHD7 dually functions as a regulator of both nucleoplasmic and nucleolar genes and provide a novel avenue for investigation into the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lusy Handoko
- Genome Technology and Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Chialin Wei
- Genome Technology and Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Donna M. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and
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