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Lin C, Chu Y, Zheng Y, Gu S, Hu Y, He J, Shen Z. Macrophages: plastic participants in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337129. [PMID: 38650924 PMCID: PMC11033442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rank among the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer globally. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients receive their diagnoses at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a pivotal player in HNSCC development, with macrophages holding a central role. Macrophages demonstrate diverse functions within the TME, both inhibiting and facilitating cancer progression. M1 macrophages are characterized by their phagocytic and immune activities, while M2 macrophages tend to promote inflammation and immunosuppression. Striking a balance between these different polarization states is essential for maintaining overall health, yet in the context of tumors, M2 macrophages typically prevail. Recent efforts have been directed at controlling the polarization states of macrophages, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment. Various drugs and immunotherapies, including innovative treatments based on macrophages like engineering macrophages and CAR-M cell therapy, have been developed. This article provides an overview of the roles played by macrophages in HNSCC, explores potential therapeutic targets and strategies, and presents fresh perspectives on the future of HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yidian Chu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanghao Hu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiali He
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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2
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Fahl SP, Sertori R, Zhang Y, Contreras AV, Harris B, Wang M, Perrigoue J, Balachandran S, Kennedy BK, Wiest DL. Loss of Ribosomal Protein Paralog Rpl22-like1 Blocks Lymphoid Development without Affecting Protein Synthesis. J Immunol 2022; 208:870-880. [PMID: 35046107 PMCID: PMC8827804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins are thought to primarily facilitate biogenesis of the ribosome and its ability to synthesize protein. However, in this study, we show that Rpl22-like1 (Rpl22l1) regulates hematopoiesis without affecting ribosome biogenesis or bulk protein synthesis. Conditional loss of murine Rpl22l1 using stage or lineage-restricted Cre drivers impairs development of several hematopoietic lineages. Specifically, Tie2-Cre-mediated ablation of Rpl22l1 in hemogenic endothelium impairs the emergence of embryonic hematopoietic stem cells. Ablation of Rpl22l1 in late fetal liver progenitors impairs the development of B lineage progenitors at the pre-B stage and development of T cells at the CD44-CD25+ double-negative stage. In vivo labeling with O-propargyl-puromycin revealed that protein synthesis at the stages of arrest was not altered, indicating that the ribosome biogenesis and function were not generally compromised. The developmental arrest was associated with p53 activation, suggesting that the arrest may be p53-dependent. Indeed, development of both B and T lymphocytes was rescued by p53 deficiency. p53 induction was not accompanied by DNA damage as indicated by phospho-γH2AX induction or endoplasmic reticulum stress, as measured by phosphorylation of EIF2α, thereby excluding the known likely p53 inducers as causal. Finally, the developmental arrest of T cells was not rescued by elimination of the Rpl22l1 paralog, Rpl22, as we had previously found for the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells. This indicates that Rpl22 and Rpl22l1 play distinct and essential roles in supporting B and T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Fahl
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Robert Sertori
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Alejandra V Contreras
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Bryan Harris
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Minshi Wang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Jacqueline Perrigoue
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and
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3
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Angelo LS, Hogg GD, Abeynaike S, Bimler L, Vargas-Hernandez A, Paust S. Phenotypic and Functional Plasticity of CXCR6+ Peripheral Blood NK Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:810080. [PMID: 35173710 PMCID: PMC8841448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.810080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cells are comprised of phenotypic subsets, whose potentially unique functions remain largely unexplored. C-X-C-motif-chemokine-receptor-6 (CXCR6)+ NK cells have been identified as phenotypically immature tissue-resident NK cells in mice and humans. A small fraction of peripheral blood (PB)-NK cells also expresses CXCR6. However, prior reports about their phenotypic and functional plasticity are conflicting. In this study, we isolated, expanded, and phenotypically and functionally evaluated CXCR6+ and CXCR6– PB-NK cells, and contrasted results to bulk liver and spleen NK cells. We found that CXCR6+ and CXCR6– PB-NK cells preserved their distinct phenotypic profiles throughout 14 days of in vitro expansion (“day 14”), after which phenotypically immature CXCR6+ PB-NK cells became functionally equivalent to CXCR6– PB-NK cells. Despite a consistent reduction in CD16 expression and enhanced expression of the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes), day 14 CXCR6+ PB-NK cells had superior antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared to CXCR6– PB-NK cells. Further, bulk liver NK cells responded to IL-15, but not IL-2 stimulation, with STAT-5 phosphorylation. In contrast, bulk splenic and PB-NK cells robustly responded to both cytokines. Our findings may allow for the selection of superior NK cell subsets for infusion products increasingly used to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Angelo
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Graham D. Hogg
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shawn Abeynaike
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lynn Bimler
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernandez
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Silke Paust,
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Verheye E, Bravo Melgar J, Deschoemaeker S, Raes G, Maes A, De Bruyne E, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, Laoui D, De Veirman K. Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020904. [PMID: 35055096 PMCID: PMC8778019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches, including adoptive cell therapy, revolutionized treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). As dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and key initiators of tumor-specific immune responses, DC-based immunotherapy represents an attractive therapeutic approach in cancer. The past years, various DC-based approaches, using particularly ex-vivo-generated monocyte-derived DCs, have been tested in preclinical and clinical MM studies. However, long-term and durable responses in MM patients were limited, potentially attributed to the source of monocyte-derived DCs and the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we briefly summarize the DC development in the bone marrow niche and the phenotypical and functional characteristics of the major DC subsets. We address the known DC deficiencies in MM and give an overview of the DC-based vaccination protocols that were tested in MM patients. Lastly, we also provide strategies to improve the efficacy of DC vaccines using new, improved DC-based approaches and combination therapies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Verheye
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium; (E.V.); (A.M.); (E.D.B.); (E.M.); (K.V.)
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.M.); (S.D.); (G.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jesús Bravo Melgar
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.M.); (S.D.); (G.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deschoemaeker
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.M.); (S.D.); (G.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.M.); (S.D.); (G.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anke Maes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium; (E.V.); (A.M.); (E.D.B.); (E.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium; (E.V.); (A.M.); (E.D.B.); (E.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Eline Menu
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium; (E.V.); (A.M.); (E.D.B.); (E.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium; (E.V.); (A.M.); (E.D.B.); (E.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.M.); (S.D.); (G.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (K.D.V.); Tel.: +32-2-629-1978 (D.L.); +32-2-477-4535 (K.D.V.)
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium; (E.V.); (A.M.); (E.D.B.); (E.M.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (K.D.V.); Tel.: +32-2-629-1978 (D.L.); +32-2-477-4535 (K.D.V.)
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Mincham KT, Bruno N, Singanayagam A, Snelgrove RJ. Our evolving view of neutrophils in defining the pathology of chronic lung disease. Immunology 2021; 164:701-721. [PMID: 34547115 PMCID: PMC8561104 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical components of the body's immune response to infection, being loaded with a potent arsenal of toxic mediators and displaying immense destructive capacity. Given the potential of neutrophils to impart extensive tissue damage, it is perhaps not surprising that when augmented these cells are also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. Prominent neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark feature of patients with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, with their numbers frequently associating with worse prognosis. Accordingly, it is anticipated that neutrophils are central to the pathology of these diseases and represent an attractive therapeutic target. However, in many instances, evidence directly linking neutrophils to the pathology of disease has remained somewhat circumstantial and strategies that have looked to reduce neutrophilic inflammation in the clinic have proved largely disappointing. We have classically viewed neutrophils as somewhat crude, terminally differentiated, insular and homogeneous protagonists of pathology. However, it is now clear that this does not do the neutrophil justice, and we now recognize that these cells exhibit heterogeneity, a pronounced awareness of the localized environment and a remarkable capacity to interact with and modulate the behaviour of a multitude of cells, even exhibiting anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and pro-repair functions. In this review, we discuss evidence for the role of neutrophils in chronic lung disease and how our evolving view of these cells may impact upon our perceived assessment of their contribution to disease pathology and efforts to target them therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Mincham
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicoletta Bruno
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Abstract
More than 100 years have passed since Elie Metchnikoff discovered macrophage. Over the recent decade, attracting information about macrophage polarization have been reported. This is because many molecules have been identified as markers of macrophage polarization. Additionally, mechanistic insights have been demonstrated by experiments with various stimuli-induced macrophage polarization. Historically and simply, macrophages are divided into M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated). However, some of them are not specific yet. Studies in the field of cardiology revealed the plasticity of macrophages and their subsets are divided into details: Mhem, MHb, Mox and M4 macrophages. M2 macrophages were further divided in M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d. There appears to be more phenotypes of macrophages. However, there still lack studies in dermatological field. This review summarizes the spectrum of macrophage activation and finding about various roles of macrophages in the dermatological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Nakai
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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7
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Wu YX, Jiang FJ, Liu G, Wang YY, Gao ZQ, Jin SH, Nie YJ, Chen D, Chen JL, Pang QF. Dehydrocostus Lactone Attenuates Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Inflammation and Acute Lung Injury via Modulating Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189754. [PMID: 34575918 PMCID: PMC8472345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrocostus lactone (DHL), a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the traditional Chinese herbs Saussurea lappa and Inula helenium L., has important anti-inflammatory properties used for treating colitis, fibrosis, and Gram-negative bacteria-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, the effects of DHL on Gram-positive bacteria-induced macrophage activation and ALI remains unclear. In this study, we found that DHL inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, the degradation of IκBα, and the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, but enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and primary bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Given the critical role of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB and AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways in the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and inflammation, we speculated that DHL would also have an effect on macrophage polarization. Further studies verified that DHL promoted M2 macrophage polarization and reduced M1 polarization, then resulted in a decreased inflammatory response. An in vivo study also revealed that DHL exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced ALI. In addition, DHL treatment significantly inhibited the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway and activated AMPK/Nrf2 signaling, leading to accelerated switching of macrophages from M1 to M2 in the MRSA-induced murine ALI model. Collectively, these data demonstrated that DHL can promote macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype via interfering in p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling, as well as activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggested that DHL might be a novel candidate for treating inflammatory diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xian Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng-Juan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Gang Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Zhi-Qi Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Si-Hao Jin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Yun-Juan Nie
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Jun-Liang Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Qing-Feng Pang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.-X.W.); (F.-J.J.); (G.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Z.-Q.G.); (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.N.); (D.C.); (J.-L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Chen YH, Lightman S, Calder VL. CD4 + T-Cell Plasticity in Non-Infectious Retinal Inflammatory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179584. [PMID: 34502490 PMCID: PMC8431487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a potentially sight-threatening disease. Effector CD4+ T cells, especially interferon-γ-(IFNγ) producing Th1 cells and interleukin-17-(IL-17) producing Th17 cells, are the major immunopathogenic cells, as demonstrated by adoptive transfer of disease in a model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were known to suppress function of effector CD4+ T cells and contribute to resolution of disease. It has been recently reported that some CD4+ T-cell subsets demonstrate shared phenotypes with another CD4+ T-cell subset, offering the potential for dual function. For example, Th17/Th1 (co-expressing IFNγ and IL-17) cells and Th17/Treg (co-expressing IL-17 and FoxP3) cells have been identified in NIU and EAU. In this review, we have investigated the evidence as to whether these ‘plastic CD4+ T cells’ are functionally active in uveitis. We conclude that Th17/Th1 cells are generated locally, are resistant to the immunosuppressive effects of steroids, and contribute to early development of EAU. Th17/Treg cells produce IL-17, not IL-10, and act similar to Th17 cells. These cells were considered pathogenic in uveitis. Future studies are needed to better clarify their function, and in the future, these cell subsets may in need to be taken into consideration for designing treatment strategies for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsing Chen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Sue Lightman
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Virginia L. Calder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (Y.-H.C.); (S.L.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Effective treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) remains a huge clinical challenge despite major research efforts. Different tissues and cell-types within the joint contribute to disease pathogenesis, and there is great heterogeneity between patients in terms of clinical features, genetic characteristics and responses to treatment. Inflammation and the most abundant immune cell type within the joint, macrophages, have now been recognised as possible players in disease development and progression. Here we discuss recent findings on the involvement of synovial inflammation and particularly the role of synovial macrophages in OA pathogenesis. Understanding macrophage involvement may hold the key for improved OA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catharien M. U. Hilkens
- Immunotherapy Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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10
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Abstract
Metformin is one of the most widely prescribed hypoglycemic drugs and has the potential to treat many diseases. More and more evidence shows that metformin can regulate the function of macrophages in atherosclerosis, including reducing the differentiation of monocytes and inhibiting the inflammation, oxidative stress, polarization, foam cell formation and apoptosis of macrophages. The mechanisms by which metformin regulates the function of macrophages include AMPK, AMPK independent targets, NF-κB, ABCG5/8, Sirt1, FOXO1/FABP4 and HMGB1. On the basis of summarizing these studies, we further discussed the future research directions of metformin: single-cell RNA sequencing, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), epigenetic modification, and metformin-based combination drugs. In short, macrophages play an important role in a variety of diseases, and improving macrophage dysfunction may be an important mechanism for metformin to expand its pleiotropic pharmacological profile. In addition, the combination of metformin with other drugs that improve the function of macrophages (such as SGLT2 inhibitors, statins and IL-1β inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies) may further enhance the pleiotropic therapeutic potential of metformin in conditions such as atherosclerosis, obesity, cancer, dementia and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Xiayun Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Peter J. Little
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China( USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Liqin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China( USTC), Hefei, China
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11
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MacBeth M, Joetham A, Gelfand EW, Schedel M. Plasticity of Naturally Occurring Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Airway Disease Is Modulated by the Transcriptional Activity of Il-6. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094582. [PMID: 33925531 PMCID: PMC8123826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) on the suppression or induction of lung allergic responses in mice depends on the nuclear environment and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). These activities were shown to be different in nTregs derived from wild-type (WT) and CD8-deficient mice (CD8−/−), with increased IL-6 levels in nTregs from CD8−/− mice in comparison to WT nTregs. Thus, identification of the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-6 production is critical to understanding the phenotypic plasticity of nTregs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed to determine transcription factor binding to four Il-6 promoter loci using nuclear extracts from nTregs of WT and CD8−/− mice. Increased transcription factor binding for each of the Il-6 loci was identified in CD8−/− compared to WT nTregs. The impact of transcription factor binding and a novel short tandem repeat (STR) on Il-6 promoter activity was analyzed by luciferase reporter assays. The Il-6 promoter regions closer to the transcription start site (TSS) were more relevant to the regulation of Il-6 depending on NF-κB, c-Fos, and SP and USF family members. Two Il-6 promoter loci were most critical for the inducibility by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). A novel STR of variable length in the Il-6 promoter was identified with diverging prevalence in nTregs from WT or CD8−/− mice. The predominant GT repeat in CD8−/− nTregs revealed the highest luciferase activity. These novel regulatory mechanisms controlling the transcriptional regulation of the Il-6 promoter are proposed to contribute to nTregs plasticity and may be central to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan MacBeth
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
| | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-82545
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12
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Marx V. Cancer researchers get a grip on immune cell plasticity. Nat Methods 2021; 18:337-341. [PMID: 33772243 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Protective high affinity antibody responses emerge through an orchestrated developmental process that occurs in germinal centers (GCs). While GCs have been appreciated since 1930, a wealth of recent progress provides new insights into the molecular and cellular dynamics governing humoral immunity. In this review, we highlight advances that demonstrate that fundamental GC B cell function, selection, proliferation and SHM occur within distinct cell states. The resulting new model provides new opportunities to understand the evolution of immunity in infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus R. Clark
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Milutinovic S, Abe J, Godkin A, Stein JV, Gallimore A. The Dual Role of High Endothelial Venules in Cancer Progression versus Immunity. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:214-225. [PMID: 33132107 PMCID: PMC9213382 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are important initiators and regulators of immunity. To carry out this function, the blood vasculature must deliver oxygen and nutrients and recruit circulating lymphocytes into the SLO parenchyma, where they encounter cognate antigen. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialised postcapillary venules that specifically serve this function and are found in all SLOs except spleen. It is becoming clear that alterations to HEV network density and/or morphology can result in immune activation or, as recently implicated, in providing an exit route for tumour cell dissemination and metastases. In this review, the structural plasticity of HEVs, the regulatory pathways underpinning this plasticity, and the relevance of these pathways to cancer progression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Milutinovic
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Godkin
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Awen Gallimore
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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15
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Zaarour RF, Prasad P, Venkatesh GH, Khouzam RA, Amirtharaj F, Zeinelabdin N, Rifath A, Terry S, Nawafleh H, El Sayed Y, Chouaib S. Waterpipe smoke condensate influences epithelial to mesenchymal transition and interferes with the cytotoxic immune response in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:879-890. [PMID: 33469682 PMCID: PMC7859923 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) continues to spread globally and presents serious health hazards. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of treatment with WPS condensate (WPSC) on lung cell proliferation and plasticity as well as tumor cell recognition and killing by natural killer (NK) cells using cytotoxicity assays. The results indicated that exposure of normal and cancer lung cell lines to WPSC resulted in a decrease in their in vitro growth in a dose-dependent manner and it induced tumor senescence. In addition, WPSC selectively caused DNA damage as revealed by an increase in γH2AX and 53BP1 in tumor lung cells. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms altered by WPSC, we conducted a global comprehensive transcriptome analysis of WPSC-treated tumor cells. Data analysis identified an expression profile of genes that best distinguished treated and non-treated cells involving several pathways. Of these pathways, we focused on those involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Results showed that WPSC induced an increase in SNAI2 expression associated with EMT, ACTA2 and SERPINE2 were involved in invasion and CD44 was associated with stemness. Furthermore, WPSC exposure increased the expression of inflammatory response genes including CASP1, IL1B, IL6 and CCL2. While immune synapse formation between NK and WPSC-treated lung cancer target cells was not affected, the capacity of NK cells to kill these target cells was reduced. The data reported in the present study are, to the best of our knowledge, the first in vitro demonstration of WPSC effects on lung cellular parameters providing evidence of its potential involvement in tumor physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Prathibha Prasad
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | | | - Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Francis Amirtharaj
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Nagwa Zeinelabdin
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Ayesha Rifath
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Stephane Terry
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine - University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Husam Nawafleh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Yehya El Sayed
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences (BCE), American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, UAE
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine - University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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16
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Abstract
Macrophages are prominent cells in normally healing adult skin wounds, yet their exact functions and functional significance to healing outcomes remain enigmatic. Many functional attributes are ascribed to wound macrophages, including host defense and support of the proliferation of new tissue to replace that lost by injury. Indeed, the depletion of macrophages is unmistakably detrimental to normal skin healing in adult mammals. Yet in certain systems, dermal wounds seem to heal well with limited or even no functional macrophages, creating an apparent paradox regarding the function of this cell in wounds. Recent advances in our understanding of wound macrophage phenotypes, along with new information about cellular plasticity in wounds, may provide some explanation for the apparently contradictory findings and suggest new paradigms regarding macrophage function in wounds. Continued study of this remarkable cell is needed to develop effective therapeutic options to improve healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa A. DiPietro
- College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Traci A. Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Koh
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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17
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Kanda A, Yun Y, Bui DV, Nguyen LM, Kobayashi Y, Suzuki K, Mitani A, Sawada S, Hamada S, Asako M, Iwai H. The multiple functions and subpopulations of eosinophils in tissues under steady-state and pathological conditions. Allergol Int 2021; 70:9-18. [PMID: 33243693 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils not only play a critical role in the pathogenesis of eosinophil-associated diseases, but they also have multiple important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis, host defense against infections, immune regulation through canonical Th1/Th2 balance modulation, and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic activities. Recent studies have elucidated some emerging roles of eosinophils in steady-state conditions; for example, eosinophils contribute to adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic health through alternatively activated macrophages and the maintenance of plasma cells in intestinal tissue and bone marrow. Moreover, eosinophils exert tissue damage through eosinophil-derived cytotoxic mediators that are involved in eosinophilic airway inflammation, leading to diseases including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps characterized by fibrin deposition through excessive response by eosinophils-induced. Thus, eosinophils possessing these various effects reflect the heterogenous features of these cells, which suggests the existence of distinct different subpopulations of eosinophils between steady-state and pathological conditions. Indeed, a recent study demonstrated that instead of dividing eosinophils by classical morphological changes into normodense and hypodense eosinophils, murine eosinophils from lung tissue can be phenotypically divided into two distinct subtypes: resident eosinophils and inducible eosinophils gated by Siglec-Fint CD62L+ CD101low and Siglec-Fhigh CD62L- CD101high, respectively. However, it is difficult to explain every function of eosinophils by rEos and iEos, and the relationship between the functions and subpopulations of eosinophils remains controversial. Here, we overview the multiple roles of eosinophils in the tissue and their biological behavior in steady-state and pathological conditions. We also discuss eosinophil subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kanda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Yun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dan Van Bui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Linh Manh Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Mitani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sawada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Hamada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Asako
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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18
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De Salvo C, Buela KA, Pizarro TT. Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Gut Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585319. [PMID: 33424837 PMCID: PMC7794016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal barriers are active sites that encounter a bombardment of antigenic stimuli derived from both the commensal flora and a variety of pathogens, as well as from environmental insults. As such, the ability to mount appropriate innate immune responses is an important first line of defense that confers protection to the host. Central to innate immunity are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which were first described a decade ago, and represent a family of heterogeneous cells driven by specific transcription factors and exhibit distinct cytokine profiles that are shared with their CD4+ T-helper cell counterparts. ILCs are particularly enriched at mucosal surfaces, and the tissue microenvironment and cytokine milieu in which ILCs reside are critical factors that drive the behavior and overall function of these cells. In fact, ILCs situated at mucosal barriers must be able to temper their response to a constant exposure of environmental antigens, but also promptly react to pathogens or signals that are potentially harmful to the host. In this context, the ability of ILCs to readily transdifferentiate in response to their dynamic surroundings has become a vigorous area of research, and defining specific mechanism(s) of ILC plasticity is at the advent of discovery. This review will summarize what is currently known regarding the network of cytokines and regulatory elements that enable ILCs to readily transform, based on the range of diverse signals and signal gradients they encounter that lead to either protective or pathogenic function(s), with focus on the gut mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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19
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Liao H, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zheng D, Shen D, Li R. Protective Effects of Thalidomide on High-Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through In Vitro Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Differentiation. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8263598. [PMID: 32908940 PMCID: PMC7474395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8263598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. It has been shown that podocyte injury represents an important pathological basis that contributes to proteinuria and eventually leads to kidney failure. High glucose (HG) activates macrophage polarization, further exacerbating HG-induced podocyte injury. Our previous study on diabetic nephropathy rats indicated that thalidomide (Tha) has renoprotective properties. The present study explored the effects of Tha on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase- (Arg-) 1 in HG-activated macrophages. iNOS and TNF-α are established as markers of classically activated macrophage (M1). CD206 and Arg-1 are regarded as markers of alternatively activated macrophages (M2). During the experiment, the supernatants of (HG)-treated and (Tha)-treated macrophages, designated as (HG) MS and (Tha) MS, were simultaneously collected and processed. TNF-α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels as well as protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in HG, (HG) MS, and (Tha) MS-cultured podocytes were evaluated. The results showed that compared to the 11.1 mM normal glucose (NG), the 33.3 mM HG-cultured RAW 264.7 cells exhibited upregulated iNOS and TNF-α mRNAs and protein expressions, and downregulated CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly (p < 0.05). Tha 200 μg/ml suppressed iNOS and TNF-α, and promoted CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly compared to the HG group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, (HG) MS-treated podocytes showed an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a downregulation in nephrin and podocin expression significantly compared to NG-treated and HG-treated podocytes (p < 0.05). The (Tha 200 μg/ml) MS group exhibited a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β level, and an upregulation in nephrin and podocin expressions significantly compared to the (HG) MS group (p < 0.05). Our research confirmed that HG-activated macrophage differentiation aggravates HG-induced podocyte injury in vitro and the protective effects of Tha might be related to its actions on TNF-α and IL-1β levels via its modulation on M1/M2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yuanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xilan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Dayue Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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20
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Perusina Lanfranca M, Zhang Y, Girgis A, Kasselman S, Lazarus J, Kryczek I, Delrosario L, Rhim A, Koneva L, Sartor M, Sun L, Halbrook C, Nathan H, Shi J, Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M, Zou W, Frankel TL. Interleukin 22 Signaling Regulates Acinar Cell Plasticity to Promote Pancreatic Tumor Development in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1417-1432.e11. [PMID: 31843590 PMCID: PMC7197347 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy that invades surrounding structures and metastasizes rapidly. Although inflammation is associated with tumor formation and progression, little is known about the mechanisms of this connection. We investigate the effects of interleukin (IL) 22 in the development of pancreatic tumors in mice. METHODS We performed studies with Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53+/-;Rosa26EYFP/+ (PKCY) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, and PKCY mice with disruption of IL22 (PKCY Il22-/-mice). Pancreata were collected at different stages of tumor development and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. Some mice were given cerulean to induce pancreatitis. Pancreatic cancer cell lines (PD2560) were orthotopically injected into C57BL/6 mice or Il22-/-mice, and tumor development was monitored. Pancreatic cells were injected into the tail veins of mice, and lung metastases were quantified. Acini were collected from C57BL/6 mice and resected human pancreata and were cultured. Cell lines and acini cultures were incubated with IL22 and pharmacologic inhibitors, and protein levels were knocked down with small hairpin RNAs. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of 26 PDACs and 5 nonneoplastic pancreas specimens. RESULTS We observed increased expression of IL22 and the IL22 receptor (IL22R) in the pancreas compared with other tissues in mice; IL22 increased with pancreatitis and tumorigenesis. Flow cytometry indicated that the IL22 was produced primarily by T-helper 22 cells. PKCY Il22-/-mice did not develop precancerous lesions or pancreatic tumors. The addition of IL22 to cultured acinar cells increased their expression of markers of ductal metaplasia; these effects of IL22 were prevented with inhibitors of Janus kinase signaling to signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) (ruxolitinib) or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) (trametinib) and with STAT3 knockdown. Pancreatic cells injected into Il22-/- mice formed smaller tumors than those injected into C57BL/6. Incubation of IL22R-expressing PDAC cells with IL22 promoted spheroid formation and invasive activity, resulting in increased expression of stem-associated transcription factors (GATA4, SOX2, SOX17, and NANOG), and increased markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (CDH1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and beta catenin); ruxolitinib blocked these effects. Human PDAC tissues had higher levels of IL22, phosphorylated STAT3, and markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition than nonneoplastic tissues. An increased level of STAT3 in IL22R-positive cells was associated with shorter survival times of patients. CONCLUSIONS We found levels of IL22 to be increased during pancreatitis and pancreatic tumor development and to be required for tumor development and progression in mice. IL22 promotes acinar to ductal metaplasia, stem cell features, and increased expression of markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; inhibitors of STAT3 block these effects. Increased expression of IL22 by PDACs is associated with reduced survival times.
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MESH Headings
- Acinar Cells/immunology
- Acinar Cells/pathology
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cell Plasticity/drug effects
- Cell Plasticity/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/immunology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Janus Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Metaplasia/immunology
- Metaplasia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitriles
- Pancreas/cytology
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatitis/immunology
- Pancreatitis/pathology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander Girgis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jenny Lazarus
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Illona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Andrew Rhim
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lada Koneva
- Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maureen Sartor
- Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher Halbrook
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hari Nathan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Timothy L Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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21
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized, bone marrow (BM)-derived antigen-processing and -presenting cells crucial to the induction, integration and regulation of innate, and adaptive immunity. They are stimulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) via pattern recognition receptors to promote inflammation and initiate immune responses. In addition to residing within the parenchyma of all organs as part of the heterogeneous mononuclear phagocyte system, DCs are an abundant component of the inflammatory cell infiltrate that appears in response to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). They can play disparate roles in the pathogenesis of IRI since their selective depletion has been found to be protective, deleterious, or of no benefit in mouse models of IRI. In addition, administration of DC generated and manipulated ex vivo can protect organs from IRI by suppressing inflammatory cytokine production, limiting the capacity of DCs to activate NKT cells, or enhancing regulatory T cell function. Few studies however have investigated specific signal transduction mechanisms underlying DC function and how these affect IRI. Here, we address current knowledge of the role of DCs in regulation of IRI, current gaps in understanding and prospects for innovative therapeutic intervention at the biological and pharmacological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Dai
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Renal Division, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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22
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Abstract
It is well established that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) found in most advanced tumors have a pro-tumoral role. In this context, TAM limit the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and a number of mechanisms have been described including a trapping in the stroma, impeding TIL to reach malignant cells. Based on these results, a number of therapeutic approaches have been designed to deplete TAM. However, during tumor regression induced by immunotherapeutic treatments, recent studies revealed that TAM can switch from pro-tumoral to anti-tumoral and actively cooperate with TIL. Here, we will review the two faces of TAM in their interaction with TIL. We will summarize how they can inhibit T cell activities in growing tumors, and how they may also, together with T cells, successfully contribute to tumor eradication after an appropriate stimulation. Finally, we will discuss current promising therapies combining TAM reprogramming with T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bercovici
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion V. Guérin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trautmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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23
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Golebski K, Ros XR, Nagasawa M, van Tol S, Heesters BA, Aglmous H, Kradolfer CMA, Shikhagaie MM, Seys S, Hellings PW, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ, Spits H, Bal SM. IL-1β, IL-23, and TGF-β drive plasticity of human ILC2s towards IL-17-producing ILCs in nasal inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2162. [PMID: 31089134 PMCID: PMC6517442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial for the immune surveillance at mucosal sites. ILCs coordinate early eradication of pathogens and contribute to tissue healing and remodeling, features that are dysfunctional in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mechanisms by which ILCs contribute to CF-immunopathology are ill-defined. Here, we show that group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) transdifferentiated into IL-17-secreting cells in the presence of the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-1β, IL-23 and TGF-β. This conversion is abrogated by IL-4 or vitamin D3. IL-17 producing ILC2s induce IL-8 secretion by epithelial cells and their presence in nasal polyps of CF patients is associated with neutrophilia. Our data suggest that ILC2s undergo transdifferentiation in CF nasal polyps in response to local cytokines, which are induced by infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier R Ros
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hajar Aglmous
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal M A Kradolfer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Medya M Shikhagaie
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Seys
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Lab of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Belgium Herestraat 49-box 1030, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P W Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Lab of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Belgium Herestraat 49-box 1030, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
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24
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Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. DEL-1-Regulated Immune Plasticity and Inflammatory Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:444-459. [PMID: 30885428 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to traditional immune cell-centered viewpoints, recent studies suggest that tissues are not passive recipients of immunity but have a 'regulatory say' over the host inflammatory response. Identification of tissue-derived homeostatic molecules regulating immune plasticity is seminal for understanding the inherent regulatory potential of different organs in the immune response. DEL-1 (developmental endothelial locus-1) is a secreted multidomain protein interacting with integrins and phospholipids and regulates, depending on its expression location, distinct stages of the host inflammatory response (from myelopoiesis over leukocyte recruitment to efferocytosis and resolution of inflammation). Here we synthesize recent evidence of DEL-1 as an exemplar local regulatory factor in the context of tissue immune plasticity and inflammatory disorders (such as periodontitis, multiple sclerosis, and pulmonary disorders), and discuss its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
Macrophages are critically involved in wound healing, from dampening inflammation to clearing cell debris and coordinating tissue repair. Within the wound, the complexity of macrophage function is increasingly recognized, with adverse outcomes when macrophages are inappropriately activated, such as in fibrosis or chronic non-healing wounds. Recent advances in in vivo and translational wound models, macrophage-specific deletions and new technologies to distinguish macrophage subsets, have uncovered the vast spectrum of macrophage activation and effector functions. Here, we summarize the main players in wound-healing macrophage activation and function, including cytokines, apoptotic cells, nucleotides and mechanical stimuli. We highlight recent studies demonstrating cooperation between these factors for optimal wound healing. Next, we describe recent technologies such as cell tracking and single-cell RNA-seq, which have uncovered remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity in blood-derived or tissue-resident macrophages and discuss the implications for wound healing. Lastly, we evaluate macrophage dysfunction in aberrant wound healing that occurs in aging, diabetes and fibrosis. A better understanding of the longevity and plasticity of wound-healing macrophages, and identification of unique macrophage subsets or specific effector molecules in wound healing, would shed light on the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage function for optimal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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26
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Ropert C. How toll-like receptors reveal monocyte plasticity: the cutting edge of antiinflammatory therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:745-755. [PMID: 30413835 PMCID: PMC11105477 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR)s are central in immune response by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)s. If they are essential to eliminate pathogens in earlier stages of infection, they also might play a role in homeostasis and tissue repair. TLR versatility parallels the plasticity of monocytes, which represent an heterogeneous population of immune cells. They are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and involved in clearance of pathogens and in tissue healing. This review underlines how TLRs have proved to be an interesting tool to study the properties of monocytes and why different therapeutic strategies exploring monocyte plasticity may be relevant in the context of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ropert
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil.
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27
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells are functionally diverse subsets of immune cells including the conventional natural killer cells, lymphoid tissue inducers, type 1, 2, and 3 with significant roles in immunity and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) resemble type 2 helper (Th2) cells in cytokine production and contribute to anti-helminth immunity, maintaining mucosal tissue integrity, and adipose tissue browning. ILC2s play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and asthma. Studying the pathways of activation and regulation of ILC2s are currently a priority for giving a better understanding of pathogenesis of diseases with immunological roots. Recently, our laboratory and others have shown several pathways of regulation of ILC2s by co-stimulatory molecules such as ICOS, regulatory T cells and by compounds such as nicotine. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of activation and regulation of ILC2s and the role of these cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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28
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Silver JS, Kearley J, Copenhaver AM, Sanden C, Mori M, Yu L, Pritchard GH, Berlin AA, Hunter CA, Bowler R, Erjefalt JS, Kolbeck R, Humbles AA. Inflammatory triggers associated with exacerbations of COPD orchestrate plasticity of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the lungs. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:626-35. [PMID: 27111143 PMCID: PMC5345745 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical mediators of mucosal immunity, and group 1 ILCs (ILC1 cells) and group 3 ILCs (ILC3 cells) have been shown to be functionally plastic. Here we found that group 2 ILCs (ILC2 cells) also exhibited phenotypic plasticity in response to infectious or noxious agents, characterized by substantially lower expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 and a concomitant switch to being ILC1 cells that produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-18 regulated this conversion, and during viral infection, ILC2 cells clustered within inflamed areas and acquired an ILC1-like phenotype. Mechanistically, these ILC1 cells augmented virus-induced inflammation in a manner dependent on the transcription factor T-bet. Notably, IL-12 converted human ILC2 cells into ILC1 cells, and the frequency of ILC1 cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) correlated with disease severity and susceptibility to exacerbations. Thus, functional plasticity of ILC2 cells exacerbates anti-viral immunity, which may have adverse consequences in respiratory diseases such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Silver
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Kearley
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan M Copenhaver
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Sanden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Medetect, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michiko Mori
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Li Yu
- Non-Clinical Biostatistics, Department of Translational Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aaron A Berlin
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonas S Erjefalt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Medetect, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison A Humbles
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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29
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Martinez-Sanchez ME, Mendoza L, Villarreal C, Alvarez-Buylla ER. A Minimal Regulatory Network of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Recovers Observed Patterns of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004324. [PMID: 26090929 PMCID: PMC4475012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells orchestrate the adaptive immune response in vertebrates. While both experimental and modeling work has been conducted to understand the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in CD4+ T cell responses and fate attainment, the dynamic role of intrinsic (produced by CD4+ T lymphocytes) versus extrinsic (produced by other cells) components remains unclear, and the mechanistic and dynamic understanding of the plastic responses of these cells remains incomplete. In this work, we studied a regulatory network for the core transcription factors involved in CD4+ T cell-fate attainment. We first show that this core is not sufficient to recover common CD4+ T phenotypes. We thus postulate a minimal Boolean regulatory network model derived from a larger and more comprehensive network that is based on experimental data. The minimal network integrates transcriptional regulation, signaling pathways and the micro-environment. This network model recovers reported configurations of most of the characterized cell types (Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, Th9, iTreg, and Foxp3-independent T regulatory cells). This transcriptional-signaling regulatory network is robust and recovers mutant configurations that have been reported experimentally. Additionally, this model recovers many of the plasticity patterns documented for different T CD4+ cell types, as summarized in a cell-fate map. We tested the effects of various micro-environments and transient perturbations on such transitions among CD4+ T cell types. Interestingly, most cell-fate transitions were induced by transient activations, with the opposite behavior associated with transient inhibitions. Finally, we used a novel methodology was used to establish that T-bet, TGF-β and suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins are keys to recovering observed CD4+ T cell plastic responses. In conclusion, the observed CD4+ T cell-types and transition patterns emerge from the feedback between the intrinsic or intracellular regulatory core and the micro-environment. We discuss the broader use of this approach for other plastic systems and possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Esther Martinez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México Distrito Federal, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos Villarreal
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México Distrito Federal, México
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México Distrito Federal, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail:
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