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Deng L, Cheung S, Liu J, Chen J, Chen F, Zhang X, Liu H. Nanoplastics impair growth and nitrogen fixation of marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Environ Pollut 2024; 350:123960. [PMID: 38608853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics pollution is a growing environmental problem worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated the toxic effects of nanoplastics on various marine organisms. However, the influences of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, a critical nitrogen source in the ocean, remained unknown. Here, we report that nanoplastics exposure significantly reduced growth, photosynthetic, and nitrogen fixation rates of Crocosphaera watsonii (a major marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nanoplastics might harm C. watsonii via downregulation of photosynthetic pathways and DNA damage repair genes, while genes for respiration, cell damage, nitrogen limitation, and iron (and phosphorus) scavenging were upregulated. The number and size of starch grains and electron-dense vacuoles increased significantly after nanoplastics exposure, suggesting that C. watsonii allocated more resources to storage instead of growth under stress. We propose that nanoplastics can damage the cell (e.g., DNA, cell membrane, and membrane-bound transporters), inhibit nitrogen and carbon fixation, and hence lead to nutrient limitation and impaired growth. Our findings suggest the possibility that nanoplastics pollution could reduce the new nitrogen input and hence affect the productivity in the ocean. The impact of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen fixation and productivity should be considered when predicting the ecosystem response and biogeochemical cycling in the changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Deng
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shunyan Cheung
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China; SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Wang Z, Chen Q, Zhang J, Xu H, Miao L, Zhang T, Liu D, Zhu Q, Yan H, Yan D. Climate warming promotes collateral antibiotic resistance development in cyanobacteria. Water Res 2024; 256:121642. [PMID: 38657307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Both cyanobacterial blooms and antibiotic resistance have aggravated worldwide and posed a great threat to public health in recent years. As a significant source and reservoir of water environmental resistome, cyanobacteria exhibit confusing discrepancy between their reduced susceptibility and their chronic exposure to antibiotic mixtures at sub-inhibitory concentrations. How the increasing temperature affects the adaptive evolution of cyanobacteria-associated antibiotic resistance in response to low-level antibiotic combinations under climate change remains unclear. Here we profiled the antibiotic interaction and collateral susceptibility networks among 33 commonly detected antibiotics in 600 cyanobacterial strains isolated from 50 sites across four eutrophicated lakes in China. Cyanobacteria-associated antibiotic resistance level was found positively correlated to antibiotic heterogeneity across all sites. Among 528 antibiotic combinations, antagonism was observed for 62 % interactions and highly conserved within cyanobacterial species. Collateral resistance was detected in 78.5 % of pairwise antibiotic interaction, leading to a widened or shifted upwards mutant selection window for increased opportunity of acquiring second-step mutations. We quantified the interactive promoting effect of collateral resistance and increasing temperature on the evolution of both phenotypic and genotypic cyanobacteria-associated resistance under chronic exposure to environmental level of antibiotic combinations. With temperature increasing from 16 °C to 36 °C, the evolvability index and genotypic resistance level increased by 1.25 - 2.5 folds and 3 - 295 folds in the collateral-resistance-informed lineages, respectively. Emergence of resistance mutation pioneered by tolerance, which was jointly driven by mutation rate and persister fraction, was found to be accelerated by increased temperature and antibiotic switching rate. Our findings provided mechanic insights into the boosting effect of climate warming on the emergence and development of cyanobacteria-associated resistance against collateral antibiotic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Huacheng Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiuheng Zhu
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hanlu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
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Máthé C, Bóka K, Kónya Z, Erdődi F, Vasas G, Freytag C, Garda T. Microcystin-LR, a cyanotoxin, modulates division of higher plant chloroplasts through protein phosphatase inhibition and affects cyanobacterial division. Chemosphere 2024; 358:142125. [PMID: 38670509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a harmful cyanotoxin that inhibits 1 and 2A serine-threonine protein phosphatases. This study examines the influence of MC-LR on chloroplast division and the underlying mechanisms and consequences in Arabidopsis. MC-LR increased the frequency of dividing chloroplasts in hypocotyls in a time range of 1-96 h. At short-term exposures to MC-LR, small-sized chloroplasts (longitudinal diameters ≤6 μm) were more sensitive to these stimulatory effects, while both small and large chloroplasts showed stimulations at long-term exposure. After 48 h, the cyanotoxin increased the frequency of small-sized chloroplasts, indicating the stimulation of division. MC-LR inhibited protein phosphatases in whole hypocotyls and isolated chloroplasts, while it did not induce oxidative stress. We show for the first time that total cellular phosphatases play important roles in chloroplast division and that particular chloroplast phosphatases may be involved in these processes. Interestingly, MC-LR has a protective effect on cyanobacterial division during methyl-viologen (MV) treatments in Synechococcus PCC6301. MC-LR production has harmful effects on ecosystems and it may have an ancient cell division regulatory role in stressed cyanobacterial cells, the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts. We propose that cytoplasmic (eukaryotic) factors also contribute to the relevant effects of MC-LR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Károly Bóka
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Plant and Algal Natural Product Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Balaton Limnological Research Institute- HUN-REN, Klebelsberg str. 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Csongor Freytag
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garda
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Anning C, Asare MO, Junxiang W, Yao G, Xianjun L. Effects of physicochemical properties of Au cyanidation tailings on cyanide microbial degradation. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:413-433. [PMID: 33593243 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1885259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The initial cyanide (CN-) concentration and amount of co-contaminants in GCTs can inhibit bacterial growth and reduce the CN--degrading ability of bacteria. Several microorganisms can biotransform a wide range of organic and inorganic industrial contaminants into nontoxic compounds. However, active enzymatic CN- metabolism processes are mostly constrained by the physical and chemical characteristics of GCTs. High concentrations of toxic metal co-contaminants, such as, Pb, and Cr, and factors, such as pH, temperature, and oxygen concentration create oxidative stress and limit the CN--degrading potential of cyanotrophic strains. The effects of such external and internal factors on the CN--degrading ability of bacteria hinder the selection of suitable microorganisms for CN- biodegradation. Therefore, understanding the effects of the physicochemical properties of GCTs on cyanobacteria strains can help identify suitable microbes and favorable environmental conditions to promote microbial growth and can also help design efficient CN- biodegradation processes. In this review, we present a detailed analysis of the physicochemical properties of GCTs and their effects on microbial CN- degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmos Anning
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael O Asare
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wang Junxiang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Geng Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Lyu Xianjun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Kinley-Baird C, Calomeni A, Berthold DE, Lefler FW, Barbosa M, Rodgers JH, Laughinghouse HD. Laboratory-scale evaluation of algaecide effectiveness for control of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria from Lake Okeechobee, Florida (USA). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 207:111233. [PMID: 32916528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growth of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in Lake Okeechobee (Florida, USA) and surrounding waters has resulted in adverse health impacts for humans and endangered species, as well as significant economic losses. As these issues worsen, there is growing pressure for efficacious solutions to rapidly mitigate harmful algal blooms (HABs) and protect critical freshwater resources. Applications of USEPA-registered algaecides as management tactics meet many decision-making criteria often required by water resource managers (e.g., effective, scalable, selective), but have not yet been evaluated on a large scale within the Lake Okeechobee waterway. This study was conducted to bolster the peer-reviewed database for available management tactics against microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in waters of this region. Laboratory-scale experiments can be conducted first to minimize uncertainty at larger scales and improve confidence in decision-making. In this study, samples containing microcystin-producing cyanobacteria collected from Lake Okeechobee were exposed to several USEPA-registered algaecides in laboratory toxicity experiments. Responses of target cyanobacteria were measured 3 days after treatment (DAT) in terms of cell density, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and phycocyanin concentrations. Based on responses of the cyanobacteria, minimum effective exposure concentrations were identified for each algaecide. Microcystin release (i.e. proportion of total microcystins in the aqueous phase) was measured and compared 1 DAT among effective exposures. Total microcystin concentrations were measured in effective treatments at 1, 4, and 9 DAT to discern potential for microcystin persistence following exposures to the effective formulations and exposure concentrations. Overall, several formulations including GreenClean Liquid® 5.0, GreenClean Liquid® 5.0 combined with Hydrothol® 191, and the copper-based algaecides evaluated (Algimycin® PWF, Argos, Captain® XTR, Cutrine® Ultra, and SeClear®) achieved significant and similar effects on target cyanobacteria. The chelated copper-based formulations (Algimycin® PWF, Argos, Captain® XTR, and Cutrine® Ultra) resulted in relatively less microcystin release 1 DAT and lesser total microcystin concentrations 4 DAT. At 9 DAT, total microcystin concentrations were significantly lower than in untreated controls in all treatments evaluated. These results provide the necessary comparative performance data for preliminary decision-making and designing additional studies at larger scales. Importantly, the comparative toxicity data and approach provided in this study demonstrate the initial steps for development of site-specific management strategies for Lake Okeechobee and other areas impacted by harmful algal blooms with large spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Calomeni
- EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC 225 Schilling Circle Suite 400, Hunt Valley, MD, 21031, USA
| | - David E Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education, University of Florida/IFAS, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33314 USA
| | - Forrest W Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education, University of Florida/IFAS, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33314 USA
| | - Maximiliano Barbosa
- Agronomy Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education, University of Florida/IFAS, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33314 USA
| | - John H Rodgers
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education, University of Florida/IFAS, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33314 USA
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Moradinejad S, Trigui H, Guerra Maldonado JF, Shapiro J, Terrat Y, Zamyadi A, Dorner S, Prévost M. Diversity Assessment of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms during Oxidation. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110728. [PMID: 33233813 PMCID: PMC7699887 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh-water sources of drinking water are experiencing toxic cyanobacterial blooms more frequently. Chemical oxidation is a common approach to treat cyanobacteria and their toxins. This study systematically investigates the bacterial/cyanobacterial community following chemical oxidation (Cl2, KMnO4, O3, H2O2) using high throughput sequencing. Raw water results from high throughput sequencing show that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla. Dolichospermum, Synechococcus, Microcystis and Nostoc were the most dominant genera. In terms of species, Dolichospermum sp.90 and Microcystis aeruginosa were the most abundant species at the beginning and end of the sampling, respectively. A comparison between the results of high throughput sequencing and taxonomic cell counts highlighted the robustness of high throughput sequencing to thoroughly reveal a wide diversity of bacterial and cyanobacterial communities. Principal component analysis of the oxidation samples results showed a progressive shift in the composition of bacterial/cyanobacterial communities following soft-chlorination with increasing common exposure units (CTs) (0–3.8 mg·min/L). Close cyanobacterial community composition (Dolichospermum dominant genus) was observed following low chlorine and mid-KMnO4 (287.7 mg·min/L) exposure. Our results showed that some toxin producing species may persist after oxidation whether they were dominant species or not. Relative persistence of Dolichospermum sp.90 was observed following soft-chlorination (0.2–0.6 mg/L) and permanganate (5 mg/L) oxidation with increasing oxidant exposure. Pre-oxidation using H2O2 (10 mg/L and one day contact time) caused a clear decrease in the relative abundance of all the taxa and some species including the toxin producing taxa. These observations suggest selectivity of H2O2 to provide an efficient barrier against toxin producing cyanobacteria entering a water treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Moradinejad
- Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (H.T.); (J.F.G.M.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hana Trigui
- Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (H.T.); (J.F.G.M.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado
- Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (H.T.); (J.F.G.M.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Jesse Shapiro
- Department of Biological Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; (J.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yves Terrat
- Department of Biological Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; (J.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Water Research Australia (WaterRA), Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- BGA Innovation Hub and Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (H.T.); (J.F.G.M.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (H.T.); (J.F.G.M.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
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Mondal S, Kumar V, Singh SP. Oxidative stress measurement in different morphological forms of wild-type and mutant cyanobacterial strains: Overcoming the limitation of fluorescence microscope-based method. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 200:110730. [PMID: 32464439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of oxidative stress caused by a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential to have an idea about the fitness and growth of photosynthetic organisms. The imaging-based oxidative stress measurement in cyanobacteria using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) dye has the limitation of small sample size as the only selected number of cells are analyzed to measure the ROS levels. Here, we developed a method for oxidative stress measurement by DCFH-DA and flow cytometer (FCM) using unicellular Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and filamentous Fremyella diplosiphon BK14 cyanobacteria. F. diplosiphon BK14 inherently possess high levels of ROS and showed higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment in comparison to S. elongatus PCC 7942. We successfully measured oxidative stress in glutaredoxin lacking strain (Δgrx3) of S. elongatus PCC 7942, and wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using FCM based method. Importantly, ROS were not detected in these two strains of cyanobacteria by fluorescence microscope-based method due to their small spherical morphology. Δgrx3 strain showed high ROS levels in comparison to its wild-type strain. Treatment of abiotic factors such as high PAR in wild-type and Δgrx3 strains of S. elongatus PCC 7942, low PAR or low PAR + UVR in wild-type S. elongatus PCC 7942, and high PAR or high PAR + NaCl in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 increased oxidative stress. In summary, the FCM based method can measure ROS levels produced due to physiological conditions associated with genetic changes or abiotic stress in a large population of cells regardless of their morphology. Therefore, the present study shows the usefulness of the method in monitoring the health of organisms in a large scale cultivation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumila Mondal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Huang S, Song Q, Li Q, Zhang H, Luo X, Zheng Z. Damage of heavy metals to Vallisneria natans (V. natans) and characterization of microbial community in biofilm. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 225:105515. [PMID: 32516672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can cause a significant damage to submerged macrophytes and affect its periphyton biofilms in aquatic environments. This study investigated the effects of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and their mixture on physiological and biochemical responses and ultrastructure characteristics of Vallisneria natans (V. natans). Furthermore, differences in structures of microbial communities were observed in biofilms. The results showed that Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and their mixture could destroy cell structure and photosynthetic system, and directly caused oxidative damage to submerged macrophyte and induced antioxidant enzyme system. In general, biomass and total chlorophyll content of V. natans noticeably decreased, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were enhanced by heavy metal stress inducement in restricted range, and the malondialdehyde content increased with the aggravation of the damage. The single heavy metal stress played a negative impact, however, the combined stress was not always synergistic effects on plants. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested that heavy metals changed the abundance and structure of the microbial biofilm community. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidete were the dominant bacteria under heavy metal stress and other species and abundance of bacteria such as Firmicute, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlamydiae were also present. These findings provided useful information for further understanding about submerged macrophytes and periphyton biofilms responsed to heavy metal stress in aquatic environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qixuan Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Patil PP, Vass I, Kodru S, Szabó M. A multi-parametric screening platform for photosynthetic trait characterization of microalgae and cyanobacteria under inorganic carbon limitation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236188. [PMID: 32701995 PMCID: PMC7377499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are considered as important model organisms to investigate the biology of photosynthesis; moreover, they are valuable sources of biomolecules for several biotechnological applications. Understanding the species-specific traits of photosynthetic electron transport is extremely important, because it contributes to the regulation of ATP/NADPH ratio, which has direct/indirect links to carbon fixation and other metabolic pathways and thus overall growth and biomass production. In the present work, a cuvette-based setup is developed, in which a combination of measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence and NADPH kinetics can be performed without disturbing the physiological status of the sample. The suitability of the system is demonstrated using a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, as well as biofuel-candidate microalgae species, such as Chlorella sorokiniana, Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis limnetica undergoing inorganic carbon (Ci) limitation. Inorganic carbon limitation, induced by photosynthetic Ci uptake under continuous illumination, caused a decrease in the effective quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)) and loss of oxygen-evolving capacity in all species investigated here; these effects were largely recovered by the addition of NaHCO3. Detailed analysis of the dark-light and light-dark transitions of NADPH production/uptake and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics revealed species- and condition-specific responses. These responses indicate that the impact of decreased Calvin-Benson cycle activity on photosynthetic electron transport pathways involving several sections of the electron transport chain (such as electron transfer via the QA-QB-plastoquinone pool, the redox state of the plastoquinone pool) can be analyzed with high sensitivity in a comparative manner. Therefore, the integrated system presented here can be applied for screening for specific traits in several significant species at different stages of inorganic carbon limitation, a condition that strongly impacts primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandeesha Kodru
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Biology PhD School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Greenstein KE, Zamyadi A, Glover CM, Adams C, Rosenfeldt E, Wert EC. Delayed Release of Intracellular Microcystin Following Partial Oxidation of Cultured and Naturally Occurring Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E335. [PMID: 32443714 PMCID: PMC7291037 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation processes can provide an effective barrier to eliminate cyanotoxins by damaging cyanobacteria cell membranes, releasing intracellular cyanotoxins, and subsequently oxidizing these toxins (now in extracellular form) based on published reaction kinetics. In this work, cyanobacteria cells from two natural blooms (from the United States and Canada) and a laboratory-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa strain were treated with chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and potassium permanganate. The release of microcystin was measured immediately after oxidation (t ≤ 20 min), and following oxidant residual quenching (stagnation times = 96 or 168 h). Oxidant exposures (CT) were determined resulting in complete release of intracellular microcystin following chlorine (21 mg-min/L), chloramine (72 mg-min/L), chlorine dioxide (58 mg-min/L), ozone (4.1 mg-min/L), and permanganate (391 mg-min/L). Required oxidant exposures using indigenous cells were greater than lab-cultured Microcystis. Following partial oxidation of cells (oxidant exposures ≤ CT values cited above), additional intracellular microcystin and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were released while the samples remained stagnant in the absence of an oxidant (>96 h after quenching). The delayed release of microcystin from partially oxidized cells has implications for drinking water treatment as these cells may be retained on a filter surface or in solids and continue to slowly release cyanotoxins and other metabolites into the finished water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Water Research Australia (WaterRA), Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- BGA Innovation Hub and Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Caitlin M. Glover
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Craig Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | | | - Eric C. Wert
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA;
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11
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Yin J, Fan W, Du J, Feng W, Dong Z, Liu Y, Zhou T. The toxicity of graphene oxide affected by algal physiological characteristics: A comparative study in cyanobacterial, green algae, diatom. Environ Pollut 2020; 248:865-873. [PMID: 32000020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Though the main toxic mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO) to algae have been accepted as the shading effect, oxidative stress and mechanical damage, the effect of algal characteristics on these three mechanisms of GO toxicity have seldom been taken into consideration. In this study, we investigated GO toxicity to green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and diatoms (Cyclotella sp.). The aim was to assess how the physiological characteristics of algae affect the toxicity of GO. Results showed that 10 mg/L of GO significantly inhibited the growth of all tested algal types, while S. obliquus and C. reinhardtii were found to be the most susceptible and tolerant species, respectively. Then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the physiological characteristics of the assessed algae. The presence of locomotive organelles, along with smaller and more spherical cells, was more likely to alleviate the shading effect. Variations in cell wall composition led to different extents of mechanical damage as shown by Cyclotella sp. silica frustules and S. obliquus autosporine division being prone to damage. Meanwhile, growth inhibition and cell division were significantly correlated with the oxidative stress and membrane permeability, suggesting the latter two indicators can effectively signal GO toxicity to algae. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the toxicity of graphene materials in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yin
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Juan Du
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weiying Feng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
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12
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Liu J, Zhou L, Ke Z, Li G, Tan Y. Phosphorus deficiency induced by aluminum in a marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii WH0003. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125641. [PMID: 31901529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of aluminum (Al) enter the ocean through atmospheric dust deposition and river runoffs. However, few studies have reported the effects of Al on marine phytoplankton, especially nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. By using the isotope tracer method and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), we examined the physiological effect of Al (0.2, 2 and 20 μM) on the unicellular marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii in Aquil* medium. We show that Al has an inhibitory physiological effect on C. watsonii, including changes in growth rate, nitrogen fixation rate, carbon fixation rate, cell size, fast rise chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, cellular photosynthetic pigment and C/N/P content, the same as that of the phosphorus deficient treatment. The ratio of cellular elements C:N:P showed that phosphorus was deficient in the cell of C. watsonii after Al treatment (2 and 20 μM). In addition, Al stimulated the expression of phosphorus-related genes pstS, phoH, phoU, ppK and ppX in C. watsonii. All these results suggest that Al-treated C. watsonii is phosphorus-limited, and that the phosphorus deficiency induced by Al may be one mechanism behind aluminum's toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhixin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Gao B. Proteomic mechanisms for the stimulatory effects of antibiotics on Microcystis aeruginosa during hydrogen peroxide treatment. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125837. [PMID: 31927185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of low dosage of H2O2 at early stage of cyanobacterial life cycle is a promising route for cyanobacterial bloom mitigation, which could minimize adverse effects on non-target organisms. Besides, influence of co-existing contaminants on cyanobacterial bloom mitigation under combined pollution conditions remains unclear. This study assessed the influence of a mixture of four frequently detected antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin) during H2O2 treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa at early growth stage. H2O2 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited growth rate, chlorophyll a content, Fv/Fm and rETRmax in a dose-dependent manner at low doses of 0.25-1 mg L-1, through downregulating proteins involved in cell division, cellular component organization, gene expression and photosynthesis. Although H2O2 increased microcystin content in each cyanobacterial cell through the upregulation of microcystin synthetases (mcyC and mcyF), total microcystin concentration in H2O2 treated groups was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced due to the decrease of cell density. Existence of 80 and 200 ng L-1 mixed antibiotics during H2O2 treatment facilitated the scavenging of ROS by antioxidant enzymes and significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated growth, photosynthesis, microcystin synthesis and microcystin release in H2O2 treated cells, through the upregulation of proteins involved in photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction process, biosynthesis, gene expression and transport. Mixed antibiotics increased the hazard of M. aeruginosa during H2O2 treatment, through the stimulation of microcystin synthesis and release at the proteomic level. Each target antibiotic should be controlled below 5 ng L-1 before the application of H2O2 for eliminating the interference of antibiotics on cyanobacterial bloom mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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14
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Gallo M, Morse D, Hollnagel HC, Barros MP. Oxidative stress and toxicology of Cu 2+ based on surface areas in mixed cultures of green alga and cyanobacteria: The pivotal role of H 2O 2. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 222:105450. [PMID: 32106005 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of heavy metals in algal monocultures is well studied and is mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). However, little is known about the toxicity of heavy metals and the mechanisms involved in mixed cultures. Here we examine the oxidative stress and toxic effects of Cu2+ on the green alga Dunaliella salina (DS) and the cyanobacteria Synecochoccus elongatus (SE) in both mono- and mixed cultures. We find that both species benefit in mixed cultures and acquire higher resistance to Cu2+ toxicity, with a particularly marked effect on SE. DS has a larger surface area than SE, so increases in the number of DS cells compared to SE diminishes the proportion of SE surface area exposed to Cu2+, and contributes to increasing cyanobacterial resistance in mixed cultures. However, these mixed cultures also display as an unexpected property an increased resistance of DS in mixed cultures. SE and DS cells showed significant differences on the kinetics of H2O2 production and antioxidant capacities. The integrated (overall) redox response of mixed cultures, in terms of total amount of H2O2 produced, was proportional to the total surface area of algal species exposed to Cu2+, independent of algal composition in mixed systems. However, mixed cultures display emergent properties, as the time course of H2O2 accumulation is not a simple function of the composition of the mixed cultures. Emergent properties are also observed in the speed of membrane lipid oxidation by the two species, as measured using mixed cultures in which only one of the two species is labeled using the membrane oxidation indicator C11-BODIPY581/591. We suggest that, in addition to H2O2¸ other redox signals (e.g. NO) and allelochemicals (auxins, cytokinins, etc.) may be used to construct a complex inter-species communication network. This could allow mixed algal systems, whatever their composition, to integrate their cellular responses and perform as a coherent unit against toxic Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gallo
- Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Morse
- Departement de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Montreal, Canada
| | - Heloisa C Hollnagel
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Osasco, 06110-295, Osasco, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Barros
- Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Sabio Y García CA, Schiaffino MR, Lozano VL, Vera MS, Ferraro M, Izaguirre I, Pizarro H. New findings on the effect of glyphosate on autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton structure: A microcosm approach. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 222:105463. [PMID: 32172181 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Massive use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agricultural activities has led to the appearance of this herbicide in freshwater systems, which represents a potential threat to these systems and their communities. These herbicides can affect autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton abundance. However, little is known about glyphosate impact on the whole structure of these assemblages. Herein, we used an 8-day long microcosm approach under indoor controlled conditions to analyze changes in the structure of picoplankton exposed to a single pulse of glyphosate. The analyzed picoplankton correspond to two outdoor ponds with contrasting states: "clear" (chlorophyll-a = 3.48 μg L-1± 1.15; nephelometric turbidity, NTU = 1) and "turbid" (chlorophyll-a = 105.96 μg L-1 ± 15.3; NTU = 48). We evaluated herbicide impact on different picoplankton cytometric populations and further explored changes in bacterial dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) fingerprinting. We observed that glyphosate induced a drastic decrease in the abundance of phycocyanin-rich picocyanobacteria. Particularly, in the turbid system this effect resulted in an 85 % decrease in the abundance of the whole autotrophic picoplankton. Glyphosate also changed the structure of the heterotrophic fraction by means of changing bacterial dominant OTUs fingerprinting patterns in both systems and by shifting the relative abundances of cytometric groups in the clear scenario. These results demonstrate that upon glyphosate exposure picoplanktonic fractions face not only the already reported changes in abundance, but also alterations in the composition of cytometric groups and of bacterial dominant operational taxonomic units. This research provides suitable and still little explored tools to analyze agrochemical effects on picoplanktonic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alejandra Sabio Y García
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Romina Schiaffino
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) - UNNOBA - UNSAdA - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Verónica Laura Lozano
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Solange Vera
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Ferraro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC 164, CP 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irina Izaguirre
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée Pizarro
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Int. Güiraldes 2620, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Yin J, Fan W, Du J, Feng W, Dong Z, Liu Y, Zhou T. The toxicity of graphene oxide affected by algal physiological characteristics: A comparative study in cyanobacterial, green algae, diatom. Environ Pollut 2020; 260:113847. [PMID: 32000020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though the main toxic mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO) to algae have been accepted as the shading effect, oxidative stress and mechanical damage, the effect of algal characteristics on these three mechanisms of GO toxicity have seldom been taken into consideration. In this study, we investigated GO toxicity to green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and diatoms (Cyclotella sp.). The aim was to assess how the physiological characteristics of algae affect the toxicity of GO. Results showed that 10 mg/L of GO significantly inhibited the growth of all tested algal types, while S. obliquus and C. reinhardtii were found to be the most susceptible and tolerant species, respectively. Then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the physiological characteristics of the assessed algae. The presence of locomotive organelles, along with smaller and more spherical cells, was more likely to alleviate the shading effect. Variations in cell wall composition led to different extents of mechanical damage as shown by Cyclotella sp. silica frustules and S. obliquus autosporine division being prone to damage. Meanwhile, growth inhibition and cell division were significantly correlated with the oxidative stress and membrane permeability, suggesting the latter two indicators can effectively signal GO toxicity to algae. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the toxicity of graphene materials in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yin
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Juan Du
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weiying Feng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
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17
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Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Regulation of insecticide toxicity by kinetin in two paddy field cyanobacteria: Physiological and biochemical assessment. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113806. [PMID: 31891913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The imprudent agricultural practices are leading to an increasing load of pesticides in agricultural fields. Thus, there is a need to minimize the harmful effect of pesticides by adopting sustainable strategies. In the recent past decade, kinetin, a plant synthetic hormone, has been reported as a pesticide toxicity alleviator in higher plants. But its role in mitigating pesticide toxicity in cyanobacteria is still limited. Thus, in current study an attempt has been made to investigate the potential of kinetin in regulating cypermethrin, an insecticide, induced toxicity in Anabaena PCC 7120 and Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893. Cypermethrin (Cyp1; 2 μg ml-1 and Cyp2; 4 μg ml-1) showed negative impact on growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic O2-evolution and primary photochemistry of PS II (Phi_P0, Psi_0, Phi_E0) resulting in decrease in performance index (PIABS). However, under similar conditions, increases in energy flux parameters (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC) were noticed. Cypermethrin at both the doses enhanced the level of oxidative stress biomarkers (SOR, H2O2, and MDA equivalent contents) despite of increased antioxidant enzymatic activity (SOD, POD, CAT and GST).Under similar condition, cypermethrin at tested doses caused substantial decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (proline, cysteine and NP-SH). Nevertheless, kinetin treatment attenuated cypermethrin induced oxidative stress by further up-regulating the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and by enhancing the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Thus, with the application of kinetin improved photochemistry of PS II and growth yield of both the cyanobacteria were observed even in the presence of cypermethrin. Current results establish that cypermethrin induces toxicity on photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and growth, and this effect was more pronounced in Anabaena PCC 7120 than Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893. Furthermore, the potential role of kinetin in mitigating the toxicity of cypermethrin in both the cyanobacteria provides an insight to be used in paddy fields for sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santwana Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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18
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Lu T, Qu Q, Lavoie M, Pan X, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhou Z, Pan X, Cai Z, Qian H. Insights into the transcriptional responses of a microbial community to silver nanoparticles in a freshwater microcosm. Environ Pollut 2020; 258:113727. [PMID: 31838393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used because of their excellent antibacterial properties. They are, however, easily discharged into the water environment, causing potential adverse environmental effects. Meta-transcriptomic analyses are helpful to study the transcriptional response of prokaryotic and eukaryotic aquatic microorganisms to AgNPs. In the present study, microcosms were used to investigate the toxicity of AgNPs to a natural aquatic microbial community. It was found that a 7-day exposure to 10 μg L-1 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dramatically affected the structure of the microbial community. Aquatic micro eukaryota (including eukaryotic algae, fungi, and zooplankton) and bacteria (i.e., heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria) responded differently to the AgNPs stress. Meta-transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that eukaryota could use multiple cellular strategies to cope with AgNPs stress, such as enhancing nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, over-expressing genes related to translation, amino acids biosynthesis, and promoting bacterial-eukaryotic algae interactions. By contrast, bacteria were negatively affected by AgNPs with less signs of detoxification than in case of eukaryota; various pathways related to energy metabolism, DNA replication and genetic repair were seriously inhibited by AgNPs. As a result, eukaryotic algae (mainly Chlorophyta) dominated over cyanobacteria in the AgNPs treated microcosms over the 7-d exposure. The present study helps to understand the effects of AgNPs on aquatic microorganisms and provides insights into the contrasting AgNPs toxicity in eukaryota and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Québec, G1VOA6, Canada
| | - Xiangjie Pan
- Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co Ltd, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, PR China.
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19
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Le Page G, Gunnarsson L, Snape J, Tyler CR. Development and Application of a Microplate Assay for Toxicity Testing on Aquatic Cyanobacteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:705-720. [PMID: 31877573 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory environmental risk assessment, applied to establish a protection limit for all bacterial diversity in surface waters, relies on a growth inhibition test performed on a single species of cyanobacteria and the activated sludge respiration inhibition test. Recently, the ability of this approach to protect adequately for bacteria that provide important ecosystem services has been questioned, and empirical data on additional species to further investigate the effectiveness of the environmental risk assessment are urgently required. We present the development and validation of a cost-effective and time-efficient microplate assay that is comparable to the traditional shake flask test for measurement of cyanobacteria growth rate after chemical exposure. The assay has been optimized to ensure that comparisons of cyanobacteria sensitivity under exponential growth are assessed across equivalent experimental conditions using phycocyanin fluorescence as a surrogate for cell density. The test system is validated using potassium dichromate, and the results are compared with those obtained in an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2011) test guideline 201 shake flask test system. This assay is suitable for the screening of new and legacy chemicals (including antibiotics) for which ecotoxicology data are lacking across a wide range of cyanobacteria, with the aim of developing more comprehensive environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:705-720. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Le Page
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Gunnarsson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Snape
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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20
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He N, Liu Z, Sun X, Wang S, Liu W, Sun D, Duan S. Phytotoxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Degradation of Nonylphenol in Different Microalgal Species without Bacterial Influences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041338. [PMID: 32079213 PMCID: PMC7073002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is a contaminant that has negative impacts on aquatic organisms. To investigate its phytotoxicity, bioaccumulation, and degradation in algae without associated bacteria, six freshwater microalgae—Ankistrodesmus acicularis, Chlorella vulgaris, Chroococcus minutus, Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Selenastrum bibraianum—in bacteria-free cultures were studied. When exposed to 0.5–3.0 mg L−1 NP for 4 days, cell growth and photosynthesis, including maximal photochemistry (Fv/Fm), were suppressed progressively. The antioxidant responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) showed species differences. While the antioxidant enzymes in C. vulgaris and S. obliquus were more active with the increase of NP (0–3 mg L−1), they dropped in the other four algae at concentrations of 1 and 1.5 mg L−1. Therefore, C. vulgaris and S. obliquus were designated as NP-tolerant species and showed more conspicuous and faster changes of antioxidant reactions compared with the four NP-sensitive species. All six species degraded NP, but A. acicularis was more reactive at low NP concentrations (<1 mg L−1), suggesting its possible application in sewage treatment for its potential for effective NP removal from water bodies in a suitable scope. Therefore, the conclusion is that biodegradation of NP by algae is species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China;
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Xian Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-756-7626350
| | - Shuangyao Wang
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Weijie Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, NO.18 Ruihe RD., Guangzhou 510535, China;
| | - Dong Sun
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.S.); (S.D.)
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21
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Lee J, Kim M, Jeong SE, Park HY, Jeon CO, Park W. Amentoflavone, a novel cyanobacterial killing agent from Selaginella tamariscina. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121312. [PMID: 31699478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial bloom (HCB) by Microcystis aeruginosa is increasingly becoming a serious concern to the environment and human health alike. Currently, many physical, chemical, and biological controls are underway to eliminate HCB, but natural chemicals are rarely used. To find a control agent with low environmental toxicity and high potential for practical use, 60 plant extracts were screened. Only Selaginella tamariscina extract killed all four Microcystis aeruginosa strains, but not the other tested bacteria. Chloroform fraction of S. tamariscina extract (CSE) showed the highest killing activity. The effects of CSE on M. aeruginosa were monitored using differential interference contrast microscopy and flow-cytometry analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The images showed that CSE-treated cells were abnormally altered, with damaged cell membranes, peptidoglycan layers, and cytoplasm. Quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify amentoflavone as a major active compound. Pure amentoflavone, even at low concentrations showed a powerful killing effect on M. aeruginosa, but not on other non-cyanobacteria. Overall, in this study, we have highlighted the potentials of S. tamariscina extracts and amentoflavone as selective HCB control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebok Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Lechno-Yossef S, Rohnke BA, Belza ACO, Melnicki MR, Montgomery BL, Kerfeld CA. Cyanobacterial carboxysomes contain an unique rubisco-activase-like protein. New Phytol 2020; 225:793-806. [PMID: 31518434 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, rubisco activase (Rca) regulates rubisco by removing inhibitory molecules such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). In cyanobacteria, a homologous protein (activase-like cyanobacterial protein, ALC), contains a distinctive C-terminal fusion resembling the small-subunit of rubisco. Although cyanobacterial rubisco is believed to be less sensitive to RuBP inhibition, the ALC is widely distributed among diverse cyanobacteria. Using microscopy, biochemistry and molecular biology, the cellular localization of the ALC, its effect on carboxysome/cell ultrastructure in Fremyella diplosiphon, and its function in vitro were studied. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered evolutionary relationships between the ALC and rubisco. ALC localizes to carboxysomes and exhibits ATPase activity. Furthermore, the ALC induces rubisco aggregation in a manner similar to that of another carboxysomal protein, M35, and this activity is affected by ATP. An alc deletion mutant showed modified cell morphology when grown under enriched CO2 and impaired regulation of carboxysome biogenesis, without affecting growth rate. Carbamylation of Fremyella recombinant rubisco was inhibited by RuBP, but this inhibition was not relieved by the ALC. The ALC does not appear to function like a canonical Rca; instead, it exerts an effect on the response to CO2 availability at the level of a metabolic module, the carboxysome, through rubisco network formation, and carboxysome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Lechno-Yossef
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brandon A Rohnke
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ana C O Belza
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Matthew R Melnicki
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Beronda L Montgomery
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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23
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Sinha AK, Romano N, Shrivastava J, Monico J, Bishop WM. Oxidative stress, histopathological alterations and anti-oxidant capacity in different tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to a newly developed sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate granular algaecide formulated with hydrogen peroxide. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 218:105348. [PMID: 31812647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Various strategies exist to control noxious cyanobacterial populations, although the application of a newly developed granular compound (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate 'SCP', trade name 'PAK® 27' algaecide) containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the active ingredient, has been recently proven as an effective and ecofriendly treatment. However, in aquaculture settings the application of SCP to treat cynobacterial blooms may affect non-targeted biota, such as fish due to H2O2 being known to elicit toxic oxidative stress. Consequently, a better understanding of the side effects as a function of dosing concentrations would help to improve treatment efficacy and fish welfare. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the potential risks of SCP to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a high priced fish in the U.S. To this end, fish were exposed to two recommended doses of SCP corresponding to either 2.5 or 4.0 mg/L H2O2 for 6 days, with a control group in parallel. After 6 days, the effect of SCP exposure on oxidative stress, histopathological changes and anti-oxidant potential in the brain, liver, gills and muscle were investigated. Results show that exposure to 4.0 mg/L H2O2 -SCP incited oxidative damage, evidenced by an over-accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain and liver, which were accompanied by an increment in xanthine oxidase activity. Unlike 4.0 mg/L H2O2, these oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain and liver tissue of 2.5 mg/L H2O2-SCP exposed fish were restrained within control levels and concomitant with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity. In contrast, many of these anti-oxidants sentinels in the 4.0 mg/L H2O2 exposed fish were either unaffected or significantly inhibited, which resulted in over-accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. In addition, a series of histopathological alterations were observed, and the most severe brain injuries and liver inflammation were recorded in 4.0 mg/L H2O2-SCP exposed fish. Based on oxidative parameters, both SCP doses resulted in a relatively mild oxidative stress in gills but no effect in muscle, probably explaining the modest anti-oxidative responses in the former and almost complete lack of anti-oxidative responses in the latter. Overall, our findings suggests that the application of SCP at 4.0 mg/L H2O2 to control cyanobacterial blooms in aquaculture settings can possess potential risks to the farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601 AR, USA
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601 AR, USA.
| | - Jyotsna Shrivastava
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jesus Monico
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - West M Bishop
- SePRO Research and Technology Campus, 16013 Watson Seed Farm Rd., Whitakers, NC 27891, USA
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24
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Piel T, Sandrini G, White E, Xu T, Schuurmans JM, Huisman J, Visser PM. Suppressing Cyanobacteria with Hydrogen Peroxide Is More Effective at High Light Intensities. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:toxins12010018. [PMID: 31906135 PMCID: PMC7020451 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be used as an emergency method to selectively suppress cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and drinking water reservoirs. However, it is largely unknown how environmental parameters alter the effectiveness of H2O2 treatments. In this study, the toxic cyanobacterial strain Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was treated with a range of H2O2 concentrations (0 to 10 mg/L), while being exposed to different light intensities and light colors. H2O2 treatments caused a stronger decline of the photosynthetic yield in high light than in low light or in the dark, and also a stronger decline in orange than in blue light. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that H2O2 causes major damage at photosystem II (PSII) and interferes with PSII repair, which makes cells more sensitive to photoinhibition. Furthermore, H2O2 treatments caused a decrease in cell size and an increase in extracellular microcystin concentrations, indicative of leakage from disrupted cells. Our findings imply that even low H2O2 concentrations of 1–2 mg/L can be highly effective, if cyanobacteria are exposed to high light intensities. We therefore recommend performing lake treatments during sunny days, when a low H2O2 dosage is sufficient to suppress cyanobacteria, and may help to minimize impacts on non-target organisms.
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25
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Neilen AD, Carroll AR, Hawker DW, O'Brien KR, Burford MA. Effects of photochemical and microbiological changes in terrestrial dissolved organic matter on its chemical characteristics and phytotoxicity towards cyanobacteria. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133901. [PMID: 31756858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that under laboratory conditions, dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from plants can be differentially more phytotoxic to cyanobacteria, compared to green algae. This study examined how DOM source and transformation processes (microbial and photochemical) affect its chemical composition and phytotoxicity towards a cultured species of cyanobacteria (Raphidiopsis raciborskii) using a factorial experimental design. To complement cyanobacterial bioassays, the chemical composition and associated changes in DOM were determined using spectroscopic (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and absorbance) and elemental analyses. Sunlight exposed DOM from leaves of the terrestrial plants, Casuarina cunninghamiana and Eucalyptus tereticornis had the most phytotoxic effect compared to DOM not exposed to sunlight. This phytotoxic DOM was characterised by relatively low nitrogen content, containing highly coloured and relatively high molecular mass constituents. Both mixed effect model and PCA approaches to predict inhibition of photosynthetic yield indicated phytotoxicity could be predicted (P < 0.001) based upon the following parameters: C: N ratio; gilvin, and lignin-derived phenol content of DOM. Parallel proton-detected 1D and 2D NMR techniques showed that glucose anomers were the major constituents of fresh leachate. With ageing, glucose anomers disappeared and products of microbial transformation appeared, but there was no indication of the appearance of additional phytotoxic compounds. This suggests that reactive oxygen species may be responsible, at least partially, for DOM phytotoxicity. This study provides important new information highlighting the characteristics of DOM that link with phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Neilen
- Australian Rivers Institute & Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Anthony R Carroll
- Griffith School of Environment, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Darryl W Hawker
- Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Katherine R O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute & Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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26
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Le Page G, Gunnarsson L, Trznadel M, Wedgwood KCA, Baudrot V, Snape J, Tyler CR. Variability in cyanobacteria sensitivity to antibiotics and implications for environmental risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133804. [PMID: 31419690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Once released into the environment antibiotics can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, and in turn potentially have effects on bacterial community structure and ecosystem function. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) seeks to establish protection limits to minimise chemical impacts on the environment, but recent evidence suggests that the current regulatory approaches for ERA for antibiotics may not be adequate for protecting bacteria that have fundamental roles in ecosystem function. In this study we assess the differences in interspecies sensitivity of eight species of cyanobacteria to seven antibiotics (cefazolin, cefotaxime, ampicillin, sufamethazine, sulfadiazine, azithromycin and erythromycin) with three different modes of action. We found that variability in the sensitivity to these antibiotics between species was dependent on the mode of action and varied by up to 70 times for β-lactams. Probabilistic analysis using species sensitivity distributions suggest that the current predicted no effect concentration PNEC for the antibiotics may be either over or under protective of cyanobacteria dependent on the species on which it is based and the mode of action of the antibiotic; the PNECs derived for the macrolide antibiotics were over protective but PNECs for β-lactams were generally under protective. For some geographical locations we identify a significant risk to cyanobacteria populations based upon measured environmental concentrations of selected antibiotics. We conclude that protection limits, as determined according to current regulatory guidance, may not always be protective and might be better derived using SSDs and that including toxicity data for a wider range of (cyano-) bacteria would improve confidence for the ERA of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Le Page
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Lina Gunnarsson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Maciej Trznadel
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Kyle C A Wedgwood
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Living Systems Institute, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Jason Snape
- AstraZeneca, Global Safety, Health and Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK; School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
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Yuan L, Wang L, Li ZH, Zhang MQ, Shao W, Sheng GP. Antibiotic resistance and microbiota in the gut of Chinese four major freshwater carp from retail markets. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113327. [PMID: 31600703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish-associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have attracted increasing attention due to their potential risks to human beings via the food chain. However, data are scarce regarding the antibiotic resistance in fish themselves. Herein, the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were assessed in the gut of four major Chinese freshwater carp (i.e., silver carp, grass carp, bighead carp, and crucian carp) from food retail markets. Results show that the abundances of target ARGs (e.g., tetA, tetO, tetQ, tetW, sulI, sulII, and blaTEM-1) and class 1 integrase (intI1) were in the range 9.4 × 10-6 - 1.6 × 10-1 and 6.7 × 10-5 - 5.2 × 10-2 gene copies per 16S rRNA gene, respectively. The sulI, sulII, and tetQ strongly correlated with silver and mercury resistance genes (e.g., silE and merR). The microbial taxa of fish gut could be partly separated among retail markets based on the PCA analysis. About 15.0% of the OTUs in fish gut were shared and 74.5% of the shared OTUs were identified as Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. These phyla may constitute the core microbiota in the guts of the four Chinese freshwater carp. The possible ARG hosts were revealed based on the network analysis, and the presence of pathogen-associated resistant genera in fish gut highlights the need to fully understand their potential human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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28
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Akther H, Rousk K. High heavy metal load does not inhibit nitrogen fixation in moss-cyanobacteria associations. Ecotoxicology 2019; 28:1169-1176. [PMID: 31696444 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2) fixation by moss-associated cyanobacteria is one of the main sources of new N input in pristine ecosystems such as boreal forests and arctic tundra. Given the non-vascular physiology of mosses, they are especially sensitive to e.g. increased N input and heavy metal deposition. While the effects of increased N input on moss-associated N2 fixation has been comprehensively assessed, hardly any reports exist on the effects of increased heavy metal load on this key ecosystem function. To address this knowledge gap, we made use of an extreme metal pollution gradient in boreal forests of Northern Sweden originating from a metal mine and its associated smelters. We collected the common moss Pleurozium schreberi, known to host cyanobacteria, along a distance gradient away from the metal source of pollution and measured moss-metal content (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) as well as N2 fixation. We found a strong distance gradient in moss-metal content for all investigated metals: a sharp decline in metal content with distance away from the metal pollution source. However, we found a similarly steep gradient in moss-associated N2 fixation, with highest activity closest to the metal source of pollution. Hence, while mosses may be sensitive to increased heavy metal inputs, the activity of colonising cyanobacteria seem to be unaffected by heavy metals, and consequently, ecosystem function may not be compromised by elevated metal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Akther
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Guimarães Neto JOA, Luz LD, Aguiar Junior TR. Effects of an aluminum-based chemical remediator on the cyanobacteria population: a study in the northeast of Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:743. [PMID: 31713695 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water sources destined to human supply are increasingly threatened worldwide due to various sources of pollution, either point or diffuse. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of an aluminum-based chemical remediator in the Joanes River. An statistical analysis of physical, chemical, biological, and hydraulic monitoring data was performed relying on a 2013-2018 recording period, provided by the local sanitation service provider and the environmental agency. The results showed that even with the use of aluminum-based chemical remediators, the key parameters for controlling flowering events remained high with mean values of 0.18 mg P L-1, 176.155 cells mL-1 of cyanobacteria and peaks of 1.56 μg L-1 and 4.02 μg L-1 for microcystin and saxitoxin, respectively. At the end of this study, it was verified that the aluminum-based chemical remediator showed low effectiveness in the reduction of phosphorus and cyanobacteria, opposing to expectations of the sanitation provider.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lafayette Dantas Luz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Terencio Rebello Aguiar Junior
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Facey JA, Apte SC, Mitrovic SM. A Review of the Effect of Trace Metals on Freshwater Cyanobacterial Growth and Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E643. [PMID: 31694295 PMCID: PMC6891437 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more common in freshwater systems, causing ecological degradation and human health risks through exposure to cyanotoxins. The role of phosphorus and nitrogen in cyanobacterial bloom formation is well documented and these are regularly the focus of management plans. There is also strong evidence that trace metals are required for a wide range of cellular processes, however their importance as a limiting factor of cyanobacterial growth in ecological systems is unclear. Furthermore, some studies have suggested a direct link between cyanotoxin production and some trace metals. This review synthesises current knowledge on the following: (1) the biochemical role of trace metals (particularly iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum and zinc), (2) the growth limitation of cyanobacteria by trace metals, (3) the trace metal regulation of the phytoplankton community structure and (4) the role of trace metals in cyanotoxin production. Iron dominated the literature and regularly influenced bloom formation, with 15 of 18 studies indicating limitation or colimitation of cyanobacterial growth. A range of other trace metals were found to have a demonstrated capacity to limit cyanobacterial growth, and these metals require further study. The effect of trace metals on cyanotoxin production is equivocal and highly variable. Better understanding the role of trace metals in cyanobacterial growth and bloom formation is an essential component of freshwater management and a direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Facey
- Freshwater and Estuarine Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | | | - Simon M. Mitrovic
- Freshwater and Estuarine Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
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Menz J, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Antibiotic residues in livestock manure: Does the EU risk assessment sufficiently protect against microbial toxicity and selection of resistant bacteria in the environment? J Hazard Mater 2019; 379:120807. [PMID: 31279308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues that reach the environment via land application of livestock manure could impact structure and function of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To assess whether there is a risk, we have reviewed extensive data on five veterinary antibiotics (VAs) that are commonly used in livestock farming (amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, trimethoprim). Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) after the medication of pigs were derived using (i) a total residue approach and (ii) the VetCalc model to account for additional fate parameters and regional scenarios specific to Germany. Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for microbial toxicity and ARB selection were derived from available concentration-response data. Except for enrofloxacin, the total residue PECs exceeded 100 μg kg-1 in soil and risk quotients indicated a high risk for soil porewater and surface water (PEC/PNEC > 1). After PEC refinement, the risk in surface water was generally low. However, in soil porewater still a high risk was indicated for sulfadiazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim that could persist up to 100 days after the manure application. These findings suggest an urgent need for regulatory action to mitigate the risk resulting from the presence of antibiotic residues in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Menz
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
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Lu T, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Qian H. Ecotoxicological Effects of Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin on Freshwater Aquatic Bacterial Communities. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:683-688. [PMID: 31471659 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of the fungicides azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PYR) can have negative effects on aquatic environments, but comprehensive studies on their effect on aquatic microbial communities are still lacking. We found that AZ and PYR could both inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, but PYR also inhibited Microcystis aeruginosa more strongly than did AZ. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AZ promoted the growth of Cyanobacteria in microcosms, and both PYR and AZ disturbed the ecological balance in the aquatic bacterial community and created distinct ecological risks. Our study suggests that the ecological risk of fungicides is complex, and fungicide use should be better managed to reduce potential risks to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
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Lawrence JR, Waiser MJ, Swerhone GD, Roy JL, Paule A, Korber DR. N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide Exposure at an Environmentally Relevant Concentration Influences River Microbial Community Development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:2414-2425. [PMID: 31365141 PMCID: PMC6856691 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the South Saskatchewan River confirmed that N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is ubiquitous at 10 to 20 ng/L, whereas in effluent-dominated Wascana Creek, levels of 100 to 450 ng/L were observed. Effects of DEET exposure were assessed in microbial communities using a wide variety of measures. Communities developed in rotating annular reactors with either 100 or 500 ng/L DEET, verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Microscale analyses indicated that both DEET concentrations resulted in significant (p < 0.05) declines in photosynthetic biomass, whereas bacterial biomass was unaffected. There was no detectable effect of DEET on the levels of chlorophyll a. However, pigment analyses indicated substantial shifts in algal-cyanobacterial community structure, with reductions of green algae and some cyanobacterial groups at 500 ng/L DEET. Protozoan/micrometazoan grazers increased in communities exposed to 500 ng/L, but not 100 ng/L, DEET. Based on thymidine incorporation or utilization of carbon sources, DEET had no significant effects on metabolic activities. Fluorescent lectin-binding analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) changes in glycoconjugate composition at both DEET concentrations, consistent with altered community structure. Principal component cluster analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that DEET exposure at either concentration significantly changed the bacterial community (p < 0.05). Analyses based on 16S ribosomal RNA of community composition confirmed changes with DEET exposure, increasing detectable beta-proteobacteria, whereas actinobacteria and acidimicrobia became undetectable. Further, cyanobacteria in the subclass Oscillatoriophycideae were similarly not detected. Thus, DEET can alter microbial community structure and function, supporting the need for further evaluation of its effects in aquatic habitats. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2414-2425. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Lawrence
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Marley J. Waiser
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | | | - Julie L. Roy
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Armelle Paule
- Global Institute for Water SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Darren R. Korber
- Department of Food and Bioproducts SciencesUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Han SI, Kim S, Choi KY, Lee C, Park Y, Choi YE. Control of a toxic cyanobacterial bloom species, Microcystis aeruginosa, using the peptide HPA3NT3-A2. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32255-32265. [PMID: 31598929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa, a species of freshwater cyanobacteria, is known to be one of the dominant species causing cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). M. aeruginosa blooms have the potential to produce neurotoxins and peptide hepatotoxins, such as microcystins and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Currently, technologies for CyanoHAB control do not provide any ultimate solution because of the secondary pollution associated with the control measures. In this study, we attempted to use the peptide HPA3NT3-A2, which has been reported to be nontoxic and has antimicrobial properties, for the development of an eco-friendly control against CyanoHABs. HPA3NT3-A2 displayed significant algicidal effects against M. aeruginosa cells. HPA3NT3-A2 induced cell aggregation and flotation (thereby facilitating harvest), inhibited cell growth through sedimentation, and eventually destroyed the cells. HPA3NT3-A2 had no algicidal effect on other microalgal species such as Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris. Additionally, HPA3NT3-A2 was not toxic to Daphnia magna. The algicidal mechanism of HPA3NT3-A2 was intracellular penetration. The results of this study suggest the novel possibility of controlling CyanoHABs using HPA3NT3-A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Han
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Changsu Lee
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Lam CH, Kurobe T, Lehman PW, Berg M, Hammock BG, Stillway ME, Pandey PK, Teh SJ. Toxicity of herbicides to cyanobacteria and phytoplankton species of the San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 55:107-118. [PMID: 31642727 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1672458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The herbicides glyphosate, imazamox and fluridone are herbicides, with low toxicity towards fish and invertebrates, which are applied to waterways to control invasive aquatic weeds. However, the effects of these herbicides on natural isolates of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria are unknown. Three species of microalgae found in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE)/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) (Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlamydomonas debaryana, and Thalassiosira pseudonana) were exposed to the three herbicides at a range of concentrations in 96-well plates for 5-8 days. All three algal species were the most sensitive to fluridone, with IC50 of 46.9, 21, and 109 µg L-1 for M. aeruginosa, T. pseudonana and C. debaryana, respectively. Imazamox inhibited M. aeruginosa and T. pseudonana growth at 3.6 × 104 µg L-1 or higher, and inhibited C. debaryana growth at 1.0 × 105 µg L-1 or higher. Glyphosate inhibited growth in all species at ca. 7.0 × 104 µg L-1 or higher. Fluridone was the only herbicide that inhibited the microalgae at environmentally relevant concentrations in this study and susceptibility to the herbicide depended on the species. Thus, the application of fluridone may affect cyanobacteria and phytoplankton community composition in water bodies where it is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea H Lam
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peggy W Lehman
- California Department of Water Resources, Division of Environmental Services, Special Studies Section, West Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mine Berg
- Applied Marine Sciences, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Bruce G Hammock
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marie E Stillway
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pramod K Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Swee J Teh
- Aquatic Health Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Lin Y, Chen A, Luo S, Kuang X, Li R, Lepo JE, Gu JD, Zeng Q, Shao J. Cyanobacterial bloom mitigation by sanguinarine and its effects on aquatic microbial community structure. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:497-506. [PMID: 31330342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sanguinarine has strong inhibitory effects against the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, previous studies were mainly limited to laboratory tests. The efficacy of sanguinarine for mitigation of cyanobacterial blooms under field conditions, and its effects on aquatic microbial community structure remain unknown. To elucidate these issues, we carried out in situ cyanobacterial bloom mitigation tests. Our results showed that sanguinarine decreased population densities of the harmful cyanobacteria Microcystis and Anabaena. The inhibitory effects of sanguinarine on these cyanobacteria lasted 17 days, after which the harmful cyanobacteria recovered and again became the dominant species. Concentrations of microcystins in the sanguinarine treatments were lower than those of the untreated control except during the early stage of the field test. The results of community DNA pyrosequencing showed that sanguinarine decreased the relative abundance of the prokaryotic microorganisms Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and eukaryotic microorganisms of Cryptophyta, but increased the abundance of the prokaryotic phylum Proteobacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms within Ciliophora and Choanozoa. The shifting of prokaryotic microbial community in water column was directly related to the toxicity of sanguinarine, whereas eukaryotic microbial community structure was influenced by factors other than direct toxicity. Harmful cyanobacteria mitigation efficacy and microbial ecological effects of sanguinarine presented in this study will inform the broad application of sanguinarine in cyanobacteria mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Si Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Kuang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Renhui Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Joe Eugene Lepo
- Department of Biology, Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, Florida, 32514, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Hurtado-Gallego J, Leganés F, Rosal R, Fernández-Piñas F. Use of Cyanobacterial Luminescent Bioreporters to Report on the Environmental Impact of Metallic Nanoparticles. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E3597. [PMID: 31430858 PMCID: PMC6721232 DOI: 10.3390/s19163597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their ecological relevance, low cost, and easy maintenance, cyanobacteria have been used for bioreporter development. In this study, a battery of cyanobacterial bioreporters has been used to assess the ecotoxicity of four highly used metallic nanoparticles (NPs). The toxicity of these NPs was tested using the bioreporter Nostoc CPB4337 (Anabaena CPB4337). As oxidative stress is a primary toxic mechanism of metallic NPs, cyanobacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-detecting bioreporters were used. Metallic NPs release metal ions, which contribute to their toxic effect and the formation of ROS, so a metal-detecting bioreporter was also used to detect the bioavailable metals. The results confirm that ROS production by NPs was due to the NPs per se and not by released free-ions, which in fact were almost undetectable. Although the metal-detecting bioreporter could not detect the dissolved metal ions, it was able to detect the metallic NPs themselves, indicating that this bioreporter may be useful to detect them in the environment. ROS production varied depending on the growth medium or environmental matrices conditions and on the NP type. This work demonstrated the different levels of ROS production by metallic NPs and the importance of nanotoxicology studies in real matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Hurtado-Gallego
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Francisca Fernández-Piñas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Vicente A, Sohm B, Flayac J, Rousselle P, Bauda P, Pagnout C. Toxicity mechanisms of ZnO UV-filters used in sunscreens toward the model cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:22450-22463. [PMID: 31161548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are commonly used in sunscreens for their UV-filtering properties. Their growing use can lead to their release into ecosystems, raising question about their toxicity. Effects of these engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on cyanobacteria, which are important primary producers involved in many biogeochemical cycles, are unknown. In this study, we investigated by several complementary approaches the toxicological effects of two marketed ZnO-ENMs (coated and uncoated) on the model cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. It was shown that despite the rapid adsorption of ENMs on cell surface, toxicity is mainly due to labile Zn released by ENMs. Zn dissipates cell membrane potential necessary for both photosynthesis and respiration, and induces oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and DNA damages. It leads to global downregulation of photosystems, oxidative phosphorylation, and transcription/translation machineries. This also translates into significant decrease of intracellular ATP content and cell growth inhibition. However, there is no major loss of pigments and even rather an increase in exposed cells compared to controls. A proposed way to reduce the environmental impact of Zn would be the improvement of the coating stability to prevent solubility of ZnO-ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vicente
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR CNRS 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Bénédicte Sohm
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR CNRS 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Justine Flayac
- CNRS, LIEC, UMR7360, Campus Bridoux, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Philippe Rousselle
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR CNRS 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Pascale Bauda
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR CNRS 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
- CNRS, LIEC, UMR7360, Campus Bridoux, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Christophe Pagnout
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR CNRS 7360, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France.
- CNRS, LIEC, UMR7360, Campus Bridoux, 57070, Metz, France.
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Ytreberg E, Hassellöv IM, Nylund AT, Hedblom M, Al-Handal AY, Wulff A. Effects of scrubber washwater discharge on microplankton in the Baltic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 145:316-324. [PMID: 31590793 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the global cap of maximum allowable sulphur content in marine fuel will be reduced from the current 3.5% to 0.5%. Another way to reduce the sulphur emissions is to install a seawater scrubber that cleans exhausts but instead release acidic water containing nutrients and contaminants back to the marine environment. In the current study, scrubber washwater was tested on a Baltic Sea microplankton community. A significant increase in chlorophyll a, particulate organic phosphorus (POP), carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) were observed when the community was exposed to 10% scrubber washwater for 13 days as compared to the control. A laboratory experiment with the filamentous cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena and the chain-forming diatom Melosira cf. arctica showed negative responses in photosynthetic activity (EC10 = 8.6% for N. spumigena) and increased primary productivity (EC10 = 5.5% for M. cf. arctica), implying species-specific responses to scrubber washwater discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ytreberg
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ida-Maja Hassellöv
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda T Nylund
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Y Al-Handal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Fawaz EG, Kamareddine LA, Salam DA. Effect of algal surface area and species interactions in toxicity testing bioassays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:584-591. [PMID: 30870659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single and multispecies algal bioassays were assessed using copper toxicity with three green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Ankistrodesmus angustus) and one blue-green algae species (Oscillatoria prolifera). Single and multispecies toxicity tests were conducted based on cell density as per standard toxicity testing, and on equivalent surface area. A higher copper sulfate toxicity was registered for O. prolifera, followed by S. subspicatus, S. quadricauda, and A. angustus in single-species toxicity tests based on cell density. Single species toxicity tests based on surface area showed increased copper toxicity with increasing algal surface area except for A. angustus. In multispecies control bioassays, the growth of A. angustus was inhibited in the presence of other species in surface area-based tests. As compared to single species bioassays, O. prolifera, and S. quadricauda showed a decreased sensitivity to copper sulfate in both cell density and surface area based multispecies tests. However, for the algae species with the smallest surface area, S. subspicatus, 96h-EC50 value decreased in multispecies bioassays based on surface area as compared to the single species test, while it increased in multispecies bioassays based on cell density. The difference in S. subspicatus sensitivity to copper between tests based on cell density and surface area supports the need to adopt multispecies toxicity testing based on surface area to avoid the confounding effect on copper toxicity of increased biomass for metal binding. 96h-EC50 values for all species combined in the multispecies test based on cell density and on surface area were significantly different from 96h-EC50 values obtained in single species bioassays. These results demonstrate that single-species bioassays may over- or underestimate metal toxicity in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa G Fawaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Lina A Kamareddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Darine A Salam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.
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Zhang AQ, Zhou GJ, Lam MHW, Leung KMY. Toxicities of the degraded mixture of Irgarol 1051 to marine organisms. Chemosphere 2019; 225:565-573. [PMID: 30901651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Antifoulant Irgarol 1051 (2-methythiol-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) can be photodegraded into M1 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-amino-s-triazine) and M2 (3-4-tert-butylamino-6-methylthiol-s-triazin-2-ylamino]propion-aldehyde). M3 (2-methylthio-4,6-bis-tert-butylamino-s-triazine) was also detected as a side-product in Irgarol. This study aimed to investigate the combined toxicity of a mixture of these s-triazine compounds to eight marine organisms. A degraded mixture of Irgarol in artificial seawater was obtained by photolysis over 42 d and its composition was quantified by HPLC-UV analyses. Based on short-term toxicity tests on eight selected marine species, the mixture posed significant phytotoxic effects to the cyanobacteria (Chroococcus minor and Synechococcus sp.), the diatoms (Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana), the macroalgae (Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa peltata) and the dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum dentatum), though the mixture was less toxic to the copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Both Independent Action and Concentration Addition models can generate reasonably satisfactory predictions on the overall mixture toxicity to the two diatoms, implying that the four compounds likely share a similar mode of action and resemble an additive effect in the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Q Zhang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Michael H W Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (City University of Hong Kong), Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (City University of Hong Kong), Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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El Amrani Zerrifi S, Tazart Z, El Khalloufi F, Oudra B, Campos A, Vasconcelos V. Potential control of toxic cyanobacteria blooms with Moroccan seaweed extracts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:15218-15228. [PMID: 30927222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are a promising source of diverse bioactive compounds with applications in the biocontrol of harmful cyanobacteria blooms (cyanoHABs). In this work, we evaluated the potential algicidal activities of 14 species of seaweed collected from the coast of Souiria Laqdima, Morocco. Methanol extracts were screened in solid and liquid medium against the growth of the toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and the microalgae Chlorella sp. used as food supplement. The results in solid medium revealed that the algicidal activity was limited to M. aeruginosa with the extract of Bornetia secundiflora showing the highest growth inhibition activity against Microcystis (27.33 ± 0.33 mm), whereas the extracts of Laminaria digitata, Halopytis incurvus, Ulva lactuca, and Sargasum muticum showed no inhibition. In liquid medium, the results indicated that all methanolic extracts of different macroalgae tested have a significant inhibitory effect on M. aeruginosa compared with that of the negative control. The maximum inhibition rates of M. aeruginosa were produced by the extracts of Bifurcaria tuberculata, Codium elongatum, and B. secundiflora. Moreover, the extracts of B. secundiflora recorded the maximum inhibition rate of Chlorella sp. Overall, the results highlight the potential of the extracts from macroalgae to control toxic cyanobacteria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Jiang M, Zhou Y, Cao X, Ji X, Zhang W, Huang W, Zhang J, Zheng Z. The concentration thresholds establishment of nitrogen and phosphorus considering the effects of extracellular substrate-to-biomass ratio on cyanobacterial growth kinetics. Sci Total Environ 2019; 662:307-312. [PMID: 30690365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have caused serious threat to the sustainable development of freshwater ecosystems due to eutrophication, but there is no consensus on nutrients threshold for controlling cyanobacterial bloom. A Monod-based ratio-dependent model was originally developed to investigate the effects of the extracellular substrate-to-biomass (Chlorophyll a) ratio (Sex/X) on the growth kinetics of Cyanobacteria and to determine the concentration thresholds of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the form of Sex/X. The results indicated that biomass growth was completely suppressed at Sex/X ≤ 0.21 μg μg-1 for P and Sex/X ≤ 2.82 μg μg-1 for N, which are far lower than the values of most of the eutrophic freshwater lakes. This indicates that in addition to curbing N and P nutrients of eutrophic water, to conduct some biologically mediated changes and to find a suitable environmental fate or a suitable position for excessive N and P nutrients is also of great significance in controlling HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Center for Ecological Research (CER), Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 5202113, Japan
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiyan Ji
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zeng P, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C. Effects of tree-herb co-planting on the bacterial community composition and the relationship between specific microorganisms and enzymatic activities in metal(loid)-contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2019; 220:237-248. [PMID: 30584955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree-herb co-planting is regarded as an ecologically sustainable approach for the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soil. In this study, two herb species, Pteris vittata L. and Arundo donax L., and two woody species, Morus alba L. and Broussonetia papyrifera L., were selected for the tree-herb co-planting, and their impacts on the changing of microbial community structure in metal(loid)-contaminated soil were studied by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the microbial diversity was stably maintained by the tree-herb interactions, while the composition of the microbial community was clearly affected in metal(loid)-contaminated soil. According to the Venn and flower diagrams, heat map and principal coordinate analysis, both plant monocultures and co-planting had specific microbial community structures, which suggested that the composition and abundance of bacterial communities varied between plant monoculture and tree-herb co-planting treatments. In particular, A. donax L. played a vital role in increasing the abundances of Cyanobacteria (>1%) in metal(loid)-contaminated soil when co-planted with woody plants. Furthermore, some specific microorganisms combined with plants played a key role in improving enzyme activity in the contaminated soil. Correspondingly, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities in monoculture and co-planting treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 1.05-3.37 and 7.24-20.3 times. These results indicated that the rhizospheric interactions in the tree-herb co-planting system positively affected the soil microbes and had stronger impacts on the composition of soil microorganisms, which was closely related to the improvement of the biological quality in the metal(loid)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
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Zhou T, Zheng J, Cao H, Wang X, Lou K, Zhang X, Tao Y. Growth suppression and apoptosis-like cell death in Microcystis aeruginosa by H 2O 2: A new insight into extracellular and intracellular damage pathways. Chemosphere 2018; 211:1098-1108. [PMID: 30223325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 has been suggested and applied as effective algaecide for harmful cyanobacterial bloom control, however, the transport of exogenous H2O2 into microalgal cells, the subsequent intracellular damage pathway and dose-response variations were little studied. We addressed these questions in a bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa with H2O2 at 0.1-1.5 mM. The results showed that H2O2 at 0.4 mM and above significantly suppressed M. aeruginosa growth for over two weeks, and induced apoptosis-like death in terms of membrane potential dissipation, caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and lysis induction. However, the dose-response effects were not monotonic. H2O2 at 0.7 mM resulted in the severest growth suppression among 0.1-1.5 mM treatments, including the lowest biomass for 74% loss, the highest cell lysis ratio for 79%, and the highest utilization rate of H2O2 for 0.101 mM d-1. Moreover, several evidence point to severer apoptosis-like cell death in 0.7 mM treatments, involving fastest and severest cell lysis, smallest cell size and wrinkled surface and lowest membrane potential. Therefore, the apoptosis-like cell death induced by H2O2 at moderate dosages should be a crucial cause for the non-monotonic dose-response effects on growth suppression. Additionally, intracellular H2O2 level increased rapidly within 20 min after exposure at 0.4 mM and above, directly confirming the transport of exogenous H2O2 into M. aeruginosa cells and the intracellular damages due to subsequent elevation in intracellular oxidative stress. The study demonstrates that H2O2 at moderate dosages could be a promising method for the biomass control, in a fast and efficient way, on M. aeruginosa blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingru Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, PR China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Kai Lou
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, PR China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yi Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Sinha AK, Eggleton MA, Lochmann RT. An environmentally friendly approach for mitigating cyanobacterial bloom and their toxins in hypereutrophic ponds: Potentiality of a newly developed granular hydrogen peroxide-based compound. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:524-537. [PMID: 29754087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins are growing issues for many aquatic resources, and pose a major threat to human health and ecological welfare. To control cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins, the efficacy of a newly developed granular compound (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate 'SCP', trade name 'PAK® 27' algaecide) containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the active ingredient was investigated. First, the dose efficacy of the SCP that corresponded to 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0 and 8.0 mg/L H2O2 was tested for 10 days in small-scale tanks installed in 0.1-acre experimental hypereutrophic ponds dominated by blooms of the toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix sp. SCP ranging from 2.5-4.0 mg/L H2O2 selectively killed Planktothrix sp. without major impacts on either eukaryotic phytoplankton (e.g., diatom Synedra sp., green algae Spirogyra sp. and Cladophora sp.) or zooplankton (e.g., rotifers Brachionus sp. and cladocerans Daphnia sp.). Based on these results, SCP at 2.5 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L H2O2 were homogeneously introduced into entire water volume of the experimental ponds in parallel with untreated control ponds. The dynamics of cyanobacterium Planktothrix sp., microcystins (commonly occurring cyanotoxins), eukaryotic phytoplankton, zooplankton, and water quality parameters were measured daily for 10 days and followed by a weekly sampling for 6 weeks. Temporal analysis indicated that Planktothrix sp. blooms collapsed remarkably in both 2.5 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L H2O2 treatments. Both treatments also were accompanied by an overall reduction in the total microcystin concentration. At 2.5 mg/L H2O2, the growth of eukaryotic phytoplankton (Synedra and Cladophora sp.) increased, but these populations along with zooplankton (Brachionus and Daphnia sp.) were suppressed at 4.0 mg/L H2O2. The longevity of 2.5 and 4.0 mg/L H2O2 treatment effects were up to 5 weeks. In addition, the added granular algaecide degraded within a few days, thereby leaving no long-term traces of H2O2 in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff 71601, AR, USA.
| | - Michael A Eggleton
- Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff 71601, AR, USA
| | - Rebecca T Lochmann
- Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff 71601, AR, USA
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Martínez-Aguilar K, Pérez-Legaspi IA, Ramírez-Fuentes E, Trujillo-Tapia MN, Alfredo Ortega-Clemente L. Growth, photosynthesis and removal responses of the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. to malathion and malaoxon. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:771-776. [PMID: 30199345 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1505070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural crops, despite its toxicity. In addition, malaoxon occurs by oxidation of malathion being more toxic. The toxic effects of malathion and malaoxon in humans include hepatoxicity, breast cancer, genetic damage and endocrine disruption. The aim of this study involved assessing the effect of malathion commercial grade on Chroococcus sp., and its potential as an alternative to the removal of this pesticide and its transformation product such as malaoxon. We evaluated the effect of malathion at different concentrations (1, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) on the biomass of the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. grown in medium BG-11; also, we analyse its ability to degrade both malathion and malaoxon into a temperature of 28 ± 2 °C and at pH 6. The results showed that 50 ppm of malathion the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. reached the highest removal efficiency of malathion and malaoxon (69 and 65%, respectively); also, the growth rate of Chroococcus sp. increased without inhibiting the production of chlorophyll "a", this can be explained by the hormesis phenomenon. Therefore, we consider that the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. may be a good candidate for bioremediation of aquatic systems contaminated with organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion and its transformation product such as malaoxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Martínez-Aguilar
- a Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla , Instituto de Recursos Ciudad Universitaria Universidad del Mar , Puerto Ángel México
| | - Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi
- b División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación , Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, Tecnológico Nacional de México Boca del Río México
| | - Eustacio Ramírez-Fuentes
- a Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla , Instituto de Recursos Ciudad Universitaria Universidad del Mar , Puerto Ángel México
| | - Ma Nieves Trujillo-Tapia
- a Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla , Instituto de Recursos Ciudad Universitaria Universidad del Mar , Puerto Ángel México
| | - Luis Alfredo Ortega-Clemente
- b División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación , Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, Tecnológico Nacional de México Boca del Río México
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Guo Y, Liu M, Liu L, Liu X, Chen H, Yang J. The antibiotic resistome of free-living and particle-attached bacteria under a reservoir cyanobacterial bloom. Environ Int 2018; 117:107-115. [PMID: 29734061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater systems, both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and cyanobacterial blooms attract global public health concern. Cyanobacterial blooms can greatly impact bacterial taxonomic communities, but very little is known about the influence of the blooms on antibiotic resistance functional community. In this study, the ARGs in both free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria under bloom and non-bloom conditions were simultaneously investigated in a subtropical reservoir using high-throughput approaches. In total, 145 ARGs and 9 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected. The most diverse and dominant of which (68.93%) were multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump mechanism. The richness of ARGs in both FL and PA bacteria was significantly lower during the bloom period compared with non-bloom period. The abundance of ARGs in FL bacteria was significantly lower under bloom condition than in the non-bloom period, but the abundance of ARGs in PA bacteria stayed constant. More importantly, the resistant functional community in PA bacteria was more strongly influenced by the cyanobacterial bloom than in the FL bacteria, although >96% ARGs were shared in both FL and PA bacteria or both bloom and non-bloom periods. We also compared the community compositions between taxonomy and function, and found antibiotic resistant communities were highly variable and exhibited lower similarity between bloom and non-bloom periods than seen in the taxonomic composition, with an exception of FL bacteria. Altogether, cyanobacterial blooms appear to have stronger inhibitory effect on ARG abundance in FL bacteria, and stronger influence on antibiotic resistant community composition in PA bacteria. Our results further suggested that both neutral and selective processes interactively affected the ARG composition dynamics of the FL and PA bacteria. However, the antibiotic resistant community of FL bacteria exhibited a higher level of temporal stochasticity following the bloom event than PA bacteria. Therefore, we emphasized the bacterial lifestyles as an important mechanism, giving rise to different responses of antibiotic resistant community to the cyanobacterial bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Guo
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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49
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Fawaz EG, Salam DA, Kamareddine L. Evaluation of copper toxicity using site specific algae and water chemistry: Field validation of laboratory bioassays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 155:59-65. [PMID: 29505982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of metal toxicity to microalgae have predominantly been conducted using single non-target algae species and without due regard for the chemistry of the treated waters, leading to ineffective or excessive algaecide treatments. In this study, indigenous multi-algal species (Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Scenedesmus subspicatus and Oscillatoria agardhii) were used in laboratory toxicity bioassays under simulated field water chemistry (pH = 7.2, hardness = 196 mg L-1 as CaCO3, and alkalinity = 222 mg L-1 as CaCO3) to determine the optimum copper sulfate treatment dose to control algae growth in an irrigation canal. Toxicity bioassays were conducted using copper sulfate in chelated (with EDTA) and non-chelated (without EDTA) forms to assess the influence of the use of synthetic chelators in toxicity studies. Also, copper toxicity to the indigenous algae species was measured in the non-modified EPA test medium (pH = 7.5, hardness = 92 mg L-1 as CaCO3, alkalinity = 10 mg L-1 as CaCO3 and EDTA= 300 µg L-1) to assess the impact of the water chemistry on algae inhibitory algal dosages. Under simulated water chemistry conditions, lower toxicity was measured in the test flasks with the chelated form of copper (96 h- EC50= 386.67 µg L-1 as Cu) as compared to those with the non-chelated metal (96 h-EC50= 217.17 µg L-1 as Cu). In addition, higher copper toxicity was measured in the test flasks prepared with the non-modified EPA medium using chelated copper (96 h-EC50 = 65.93 µg L-1 as Cu) as compared to their analogous microcosms with modified water chemistry (96 h-EC50= 386.67 µg L-1 as Cu), the increased water hardness and alkalinity in the latter case contributing to the decrease of the metal bioavailability. Results from laboratory experiments showed good correlation with copper dosages used in a small scale field testing to control algae growth, increasing confidence in laboratory bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa G Fawaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, P.O.Box: 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Darine A Salam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, P.O.Box: 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon..
| | - Lina Kamareddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, P.O.Box: 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yue WZ, Sun CC, Shi P, Engel A, Wang YS, He WH. Effect of temperature on the accumulation of marine biogenic gels in the surface microlayer near the outlet of nuclear power plants and adjacent areas in the Daya Bay, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198735. [PMID: 29889860 PMCID: PMC5995428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface microlayer (SML) in marine systems is often characterized by an enrichment of biogenic, gel-like particles, such as the polysaccharide-containing transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and the protein-containing Coomassie stainable particles (CSP). This study investigated the distribution of TEP and CSP, in the SML and underlying water, as well as their bio-physical controlling factors in Daya Bay, an area impacted by warm discharge from two Nuclear power plants (Npp’s) and aquaculture during a research cruise in July 2014. The SML had higher proportions of cyanobacteria and of pico-size Chl a contrast to the underlayer water, particularly at the nearest outlet station characterized by higher temperature. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and chlorophyll a were depleted in the SML. Both CSP and TEP abundance and total area were enriched in the SML relative to the underlying water, with enrichment factors (EFs) of 1.5–3.4 for CSP numbers and 1.32–3.2 for TEP numbers. Although TEP and CSP showed highest concentration in the region where high productivity and high nutrient concertation were observed, EFs of gels and of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved acidic polysaccharide (> 1 kDa), exhibited higher values near the outlet of the Npp’s than in the adjacent waters. The positive relation between EF’s of gels and temperature and the enrichment of cyanobacteria in the SML may be indicative of future conditions in a warmer ocean, suggesting potential effects on adjusting phytoplankton community, biogenic element cycling and air-sea exchange processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-zhong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-ci Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - You-shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Hong He
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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