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Amuso D, Medoro A, Scapagnini G, Gambacorta A, Davinelli S, Iorio EL, Bonetti LR, Sbarbati A. A pilot study on the efficacy of a seaweed mud application in the treatment of cellulite. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2181-2189. [PMID: 38450959 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulite represents a common multi-factorial condition that affects nearly all women and is now recognized as a clinical condition associated with systemic factors and negative psychological effects. Several noninvasive and minimally invasive treatments were developed during the last few years, but limited evidence supports many of them due to lack of evidence, insufficient participants, and potential adverse effects. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a seaweed mud application in improving both the structure and function of tissues affected by cellulite. Sixty women with cellulite underwent 4-week applications of seaweed mud on the buttocks and thighs. The following assessments were performed at baseline and after the last treatment: photographic, clinical, and anthropometric evaluation; tests for elasticity and hydration; ultrasonography of cellulite nodules; and cellulite biopsies in the trochanteric region. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. RESULTS The treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the severity of cellulite severity between the initial assessment and the 4-week follow-up, with enhanced structure, elasticity, and hydration of the affected tissues. Microscopic analysis of the cellulite biopsies revealed a significant restoration of dermal organization with induced collagen synthesis and reduced inflammation, edema, and lipid deposition following the 4-week seaweed mud applications. Additionally, the treatment led to a remarkable improvement in comfort and satisfaction as well as a reduction in body circumferences. CONCLUSIONS The cosmetic application of seaweed mud has proven to be a safe, non-invasive treatment for improving the tissue alterations characteristic of cellulite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Amuso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, Division of Pathology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Yoon EJ, Kwon EH, Kim JH, Delacruz J, Symons TB, Lee S, Park D. Influence of cosmetic foundation cream on skin condition during treadmill exercise. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1884-1890. [PMID: 38444348 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing trend of individuals wearing cosmetics while participating in physical activities. Nonetheless, there remains a need for further understanding regarding the effects of makeup on the facial epidermis during exercise, given the existing knowledge gaps. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cosmetic foundation cream on skin conditions during physical activity. METHODS Forty-three healthy college students, 20 males (26.3 ± 1.5 years) and 23 females (23.1 ± 1.0 years), were enrolled in this study. Foundation cream was applied to participants on half of the face in two different areas (MT: makeup T zone and MU: makeup U zone). The other half of the face served as internal control (T: non-makeup T zone and U: non-makeup U zones). Skin levels of moisture, elasticity, pore, sebum, and oil were measured using a skin analysis device (Aramhuvis, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea) before and after a 20-min treadmill exercise. Paired t-test and independent t-test were performed for skin condition measurements at pre- and postexercise. RESULTS The skin moisture levels in both the T and MT significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05) (pre-T: 24.5 ± 1.3, post-T: 38.5 ± 3.5 and pre-MT: 18.7 ± 0.7, post-MT: 40.4 ± 4.8). Elasticity also significantly improved in both the T and MT (p < 0.05) (pre-T: 25.6 ± 1.3, post-T: 41.5 ± 3.5 and pre-MT: 20.0 ± 0.9, post-MT: 41.7 ± 3.7). The size of the pores in the T zone observed a significant increase after exercise (p < 0.05) (pre-T: 41.7 ± 2.1, post-T: 47.8 ± 2.4). The sebum levels in the T zone exhibited a reduction following physical activity, whereas there was a notable increase in sebum levels in the makeup zones (p < 0.05) (pre-MT: 2.4 ± 0.7, post-MT:4.2 ± 0.8 and pre MU 1.8 ± 0.34, post MU 4.9 ± 0.9). The oil level was increased in the non-makeup zones (pre-T: 6.1 ± 1.4, post-T: 11.8 ± 2.0 and pre-U: 7.3 ± 1.5, post-U: 11.9 ± 1.9; p < 0.05) and decreased in the makeup zones (pre-MT: 13.3 ± 1.9, post-MT: 7.4 ± 2.3 and pre-MU: 22.1 ± 2.4, post-MU: 3.2 ± 1.0; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that using foundation cream during aerobic exercise can reduce skin oil, causing dryness. Additionally, makeup can clog pores and increase sebum production. Therefore, wearing makeup may not be recommended for people with dry skin conditions based on the results of the current study. This research offers important insights to the public, encouraging them to consider the possible consequences of using makeup while exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Counselling, Health, and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Life Sports Educator, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kwon
- Department of Counselling, Health, and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Counselling, Health, and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jesse Delacruz
- Department of Counselling, Health, and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - T Brock Symons
- Department of Counselling, Health, and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sukho Lee
- Department of Counselling, Health, and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
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Oh S, Kim H, Kim M, Jin X, Zheng S, Yi TH. The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1862-1874. [PMID: 38275088 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract-containing soap (JAUN-CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement. METHODS Twenty healthy adult men and women aged 20-60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN-CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules. RESULTS Using JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin-improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Oh
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongyong Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
| | - Xiangji Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shengdao Zheng
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeong-gi-do, Korea
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Cornette P, Jaabar IL, Dupres V, Werthel JD, Berenbaum F, Houard X, Landoulsi J, Nourissat G. Impact of Collagen Crosslinking on Dislocated Human Shoulder Capsules-Effect on Structural and Mechanical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042297. [PMID: 35216412 PMCID: PMC8877509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical treatments of shoulder instability are associated with recurrence. To determine whether the modification of the capsule properties may be an alternative procedure, the effect of crosslinking treatment on the structure and mechanical properties of diseased human shoulder capsules was investigated. Joint capsules harvested from patients during shoulder surgery (n = 5) were treated or not with UV and/or riboflavin (0.1%, 1.0% and 2.5%). The structure and the mechanical properties of the capsules were determined by atomic force microscopy. The effect of treatments on cell death was investigated. Collagen fibrils were well-aligned and adjacent to each other with a D-periodicity of 66.9 ± 3.2 nm and a diameter of 71.8 ± 15.4 nm in control untreated capsules. No effect of treatments was observed on the organization of the collagen fibrils nor on their intrinsic characteristics, including D-periodicity or their mean diameter. The treatments also did not induce cell death. In contrast, UV + 2.5% riboflavin induced capsule stiffness, as revealed by the increased Young's modulus values (p < 0.0001 for each patient). Our results showed that the crosslinking procedure changed the biomechanics of diseased capsules, while keeping their structural organisation unchanged at the single fibril level. The UV/riboflavin crosslinking procedure may be a promising way to preserve the functions of collagen-based tissues and tune their elasticity for clinically relevant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cornette
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (P.C.); (I.L.J.); (F.B.); (X.H.)
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Ilhem Lilia Jaabar
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (P.C.); (I.L.J.); (F.B.); (X.H.)
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Vincent Dupres
- U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Jean-David Werthel
- Department of Orthopedy and Traumatology, AP-HP Ambroise Paré Hospital, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France;
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (P.C.); (I.L.J.); (F.B.); (X.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, DMU 3iD, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Houard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (P.C.); (I.L.J.); (F.B.); (X.H.)
| | - Jessem Landoulsi
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Geoffroy Nourissat
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (P.C.); (I.L.J.); (F.B.); (X.H.)
- Clinique des Maussins, 67 Rue de Romainville, F-75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Ahn J, Lamm SH, Ferdosi H, Boroje IJ. Aortic Elasticity and Arsenic Exposure: A Step Function rather than a Linear Function. Risk Anal 2021; 41:2293-2300. [PMID: 33998018 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the dose-response relationship for the carcinogenic effects of arsenic exposure indicates nonlinearity with increases only above about 150 μg/L arsenic in drinking water, similar analyses of noncarcinogenic effects of arsenic exposure remain to be conducted. We present here an alternative analysis of data on a measure of aortic elasticity, a risk factor for hypertension, and its relationship to urinary arsenic levels. An occupational health study from Ankara, Turkey by Karakulak et al. compared urinary arsenic levels and a measure of aortic elasticity (specifically, aortic strain) in workers with a linear no-threshold model. We have examined these data with three alternative models-a fitted step-function, a stratified, and a weighted linear regression model. Discontinuity within the data revealed two subsets of data, one for workers with urinary arsenic levels ≤ 160 μg/L whose mean aortic strain level was 11.3% and one for workers with arsenic levels > 160 μg/L whose mean aortic stain level was 5.33 % (p < 0.0001). Several alternative models were examined that indicated the best model to be the threshold model with a threshold at a urinary arsenic level of 160 μg/L. Observation of a discontinuity in the data revealed their better fit to a threshold model (at a urinary arsenic level of 160 μg/L) than to a linear-no threshold model. Examinations with alternative models are recommended for studies of arsenic and hypertension and possibly other noncarcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven H Lamm
- Department of Pediatrics (Epidemiology), Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hamid Ferdosi
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Isabella J Boroje
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, USA
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Phan TKT, Do TL, Tachibana K, Kihara T. Alpha-mangostin dephosphorylates ERM to induce adhesion and decrease surface stiffness in KG-1 cells. Hum Cell 2021; 35:189-198. [PMID: 34817798 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface stiffness is a unique indicator of various cellular states and events and needs to be tightly controlled. α-Mangostin, a natural compound with numerous bioactivities, reduces the mechanical stiffness of various cells; however, the mechanism by which it affects the actin cytoskeleton remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying α-mangostin activity on the surface stiffness of leukocytes. We treated spherical non-adherent myelomonocytic KG-1 cells with α-mangostin; it clearly reduced their surface stiffness and disrupted their microvilli. The α-mangostin-induced reduction in surface stiffness was inhibited by calyculin A, a protein phosphatase inhibitor. α-Mangostin also induced KG-1 cell adhesion to a fibronectin-coated surface. In KG-1 cells, a decrease in surface stiffness and the induction of cell adhesion are largely attributed to the dephosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins (ERMs); α-mangostin reduced the levels of phosphorylated ERMs. It further increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity. α-Mangostin-induced KG-1 cell adhesion and cell surface softness were inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. The results of the present study suggest that α-mangostin decreases stiffness and induces adhesion of KG-1 cells via PKC activation and ERM dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kieu Trang Phan
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ly Do
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tachibana
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takanori Kihara
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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Ansary TM, Hossain MR, Kamiya K, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083974. [PMID: 33921444 PMCID: PMC8069861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body comprised of multiple layers with different types of cells. Different kinds of environmental stressors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), temperature, air pollutants, smoking, and diet, accelerate skin aging by stimulating inflammatory molecules. Skin aging caused by UVR is characterized by loss of elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, reduced epidermal and dermal components, increased epidermal permeability, delayed wound healing, and approximately 90% of skin aging. These external factors can cause aging through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, as well as aged skin is a source of circulatory inflammatory molecules which accelerate skin aging and cause aging-related diseases. This review article focuses on the inflammatory pathways associated with UVR-mediated skin aging.
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Prokopová A, Pavlačková J, Mokrejš P, Gál R. Collagen Hydrolysate Prepared from Chicken By-Product as a Functional Polymer in Cosmetic Formulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072021. [PMID: 33916274 PMCID: PMC8037141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken stomachs can be processed into collagen hydrolysate usable in cosmetic products. The aim of the study was to verify the effects of a carbopol gel formulation enriched with 1.0% (w/w) chicken hydrolysate on the properties of the skin in the periorbital area after regular application twice a day for eight weeks in volunteers ageed 50 ± 9 years. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity and skin relief were evaluated. Overall, skin hydration increased by 11.82% and 9.45%, TEWL decreased by 25.70% and 17.80% (always reported for the right and left area). Generally, there was an increase in skin elasticity, a decrease in skin roughness, as the resonance times decreased by 85%. The average reduction of wrinkles was 35.40% on the right and 41.20% on the left. For all results, it can be seen that the longer the cosmetic gel formulation is applied, the better the results. Due to the positive effect on the quality and functionality of the skin, it is possible to apply the cosmetic gel formulation in the periorbital area. The advantage of the product with chicken collagen hydrolysate is also the biocompatibility with the skin and the biodegradability of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Prokopová
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-576-031-230
| | - Jana Pavlačková
- Department of Lipids, Detergents and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Mokrejš
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
| | - Robert Gál
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
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Lee S, Lee HS, Chung JJ, Kim SH, Park JW, Lee K, Jung Y. Enhanced Regeneration of Vascularized Adipose Tissue with Dual 3D-Printed Elastic Polymer/dECM Hydrogel Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062886. [PMID: 33809175 PMCID: PMC7999751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A flexible and bioactive scaffold for adipose tissue engineering was fabricated and evaluated by dual nozzle three-dimensional printing. A highly elastic poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer, which acted as the main scaffolding, and human adipose tissue derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels were used as the printing inks to form the scaffolds. To prepare the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the PLCL co-polymer was printed with a hot melting extruder system while retaining its physical character, similar to adipose tissue, which is beneficial for regeneration. Moreover, to promote adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, adipose tissue-derived dECM was used. To optimize the printability of the hydrogel inks, a mixture of collagen type I and dECM hydrogels was used. Furthermore, we examined the adipose tissue formation and angiogenesis of the PLCL/dECM complex scaffold. From in vivo experiments, it was observed that the matured adipose-like tissue structures were abundant, and the number of matured capillaries was remarkably higher in the hydrogel–PLCL group than in the PLCL-only group. Moreover, a higher expression of M2 macrophages, which are known to be involved in the remodeling and regeneration of tissues, was detected in the hydrogel–PLCL group by immunofluorescence analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that our PLCL/dECM fabricated by a dual 3D printing system will be useful for the treatment of large volume fat tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.L.); (J.J.C.); (S.H.K.)
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hyun Su Lee
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Justin J. Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.L.); (J.J.C.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.L.); (J.J.C.); (S.H.K.)
- NBIT, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.L.); (J.J.C.); (S.H.K.)
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.J.)
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Makino ET, Kadoya K, Chung R, Jiang L, Mikati M, Mehta RC. Efficacy and Tolerability of a Novel Topical Treatment for Neck: A Randomized, Double-blind, Regimen-Controlled Study. J Drugs Dermatol 2021; 20:184-191. [PMID: 33538566 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neck plays a telling role as an age indicator. Due to its anatomy and function, neck skin ages differently than facial skin and special considerations need to be taken when providing treatment. A randomized, double-blind, regimen-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a novel topical cosmetic cream (NCC) specifically tailored to address the signs of skin aging of the neck and décolletage. Twice daily application of NCC significantly improved skin sagging/laxity of the neck as well as the appearance of fine and coarse lines/wrinkles, crepiness, tactile roughness, overall skin texture, hyperpigmentation, skin tone evenness, and radiance. NCC also significantly improved the appearance of fine and coarse lines/wrinkles, tactile roughness, hyperpigmentation, skin tone evenness, and radiance of the décolletage. Investigator assessments were corroborated by objective cutometer measurements that demonstrated improved skin firmness and elasticity. In vitro analysis in human 3D skin models show that stimulation of neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis as well as support of cellular proteostasis through proteasome and autophagy activation are potential mechanisms of action for the observed clinical outcomes. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(2):184-191. doi:10.36849/JDD.5819
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Zemljič Jokhadar Š, Stojković B, Vidak M, Sorčan T, Liovic M, Gouveia M, Travasso RDM, Derganc J. Cortical stiffness of keratinocytes measured by lateral indentation with optical tweezers. PLoS One 2021; 15:e0231606. [PMID: 33382707 PMCID: PMC7774922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are the principal structural element of epithelial cells. Their importance in providing bulk cellular stiffness is well recognized, but their role in the mechanics of cell cortex is less understood. In this study, we therefore compared the cortical stiffness of three keratinocyte lines: primary wild type cells (NHEK2), immortalized wild type cells (NEB1) and immortalized mutant cells (KEB7). The cortical stiffness was measured by lateral indentation of cells with AOD-steered optical tweezers without employing any moving mechanical elements. The method was validated on fixed cells and Cytochalasin-D treated cells to ensure that the observed variations in stiffness within a single cell line were not a consequence of low measurement precision. The measurements of the cortical stiffness showed that primary wild type cells were significantly stiffer than immortalized wild type cells, which was also detected in previous studies of bulk elasticity. In addition, a small difference between the mutant and the wild type cells was detected, showing that mutation of keratin impacts also the cell cortex. Thus, our results indicate that the role of keratins in cortical stiffness is not negligible and call for further investigation of the mechanical interactions between keratins and elements of the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Zemljič Jokhadar
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Biljana Stojković
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Vidak
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Sorčan
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirjana Liovic
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marcos Gouveia
- Department of Physics, Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D. M. Travasso
- Department of Physics, Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Feki F, Taktak R, Kandil K, Derrouiche A, Moulart M, Haddar N, Zaïri F, Zaïri F. How Osmoviscoelastic Coupling Affects Recovery of Cyclically Compressed Intervertebral Disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:E1376-E1385. [PMID: 33031252 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Osmoviscoelastic behavior of cyclically loaded cervical intervertebral disc. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of physiologic compressive cyclic loading on the viscoelastic properties of cervical intervertebral disc and, examine how the osmoviscoelastic coupling affects time-dependent recovery of these properties following a long period of unloading. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The human neck supports repetitive loadings during daily activities and recovery of disc mechanics is essential for normal mechanical function. However, the response of cervical intervertebral disc to cyclic loading is still not very well defined. Moreover, how loading history conditions could affect the time-dependent recovery is still unclear. METHODS Ten thousand cycles of compressive loading, with different magnitudes and saline concentrations of the surrounding fluid bath, are applied to 8 motion segments (composed by 2 adjacent vertebrae and the intervening disc) extracted from the cervical spines of mature sheep. Subsequently, specimens are hydrated during 18 hours of unloading. The viscoelastic disc responses, after cyclic loading and recovery phase, are characterized by relaxation tests. RESULTS Viscoelastic behaviors are significantly altered following large number of cyclic loads. Moreover, after 18-hour recovery period in saline solution at reference concentration (0.15 mol/L), relaxation behaviors were fully restored. Nonetheless, full recovery is not obtained whether the concentration of the surrounding fluid, that is, hypo-, iso-, or hyper-osmotic conditions. CONCLUSION Cyclic loading effects and full recovery of viscoelastic behavior after hydration at iso-osmotic condition (0.15 mol/L) are governed by osmotic attraction of fluid content in the disc due to imbalance between the external load and the swelling pressure of the disc. After removal of the load, the disc recovers its viscoelastic properties following period of rest. Nevertheless, the viscoelastic recovery is a chemically activated process and its dependency on saline concentration is governed by fluid flow due to imbalance of ions between the disc tissues and the surrounding fluid. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Feki
- ENIS, Materials Engineering and Environment Laboratory (LGME), Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rym Taktak
- ENIS, Materials Engineering and Environment Laboratory (LGME), Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Kandil
- Lille University, Civil Engineering and geo-Environmental Laboratory (ULR 4515 LGCgE), Lille, France
| | - Amil Derrouiche
- Lille University, Civil Engineering and geo-Environmental Laboratory (ULR 4515 LGCgE), Lille, France
| | | | - Nader Haddar
- ENIS, Materials Engineering and Environment Laboratory (LGME), Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fahmi Zaïri
- Lille University, Civil Engineering and geo-Environmental Laboratory (ULR 4515 LGCgE), Lille, France
| | - Fahed Zaïri
- Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital privé Le Bois, Lille, France
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Kumari P, Pillai VVS, Rodriguez BJ, Prencipe M, Benedetto A. Sub-Toxic Concentrations of Ionic Liquids Enhance Cell Migration by Reducing the Elasticity of the Cellular Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7327-7333. [PMID: 32794718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a universal and crucial mechanism for life. It is required in a series of physiological processes, in wound repair and immune response and is involved in several pathological conditions, including cancer and virus dissemination. Among the several biochemical and biophysical routes, changing cell membrane elasticity holds the promise to be a universal strategy to alter cell mobility. Due to their affinity with cell membranes, ionic liquids (ILs) may play an important role. This work focuses on the effect of subtoxic amounts of imidazolium-ILs on the migration of the model cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Here we show that ILs are able to enhance cell mobility by reducing the elasticity of the cellular lipid membrane, and that both mobility and elasticity can be tuned by IL-concentration and IL-cation chain length. This biochemical-physical mechanism is potentially valid for all mammalian cells, and its impact in bionanomedicine and bionanotechnology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kumari
- School of Physics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Visakh V S Pillai
- School of Physics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian J Rodriguez
- School of Physics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maria Prencipe
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, and Conway Institute Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Antonio Benedetto
- School of Physics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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14
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Spaggiari G, Cignarelli A, Sansone A, Baldi M, Santi D. To beer or not to beer: A meta-analysis of the effects of beer consumption on cardiovascular health. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233619. [PMID: 32492025 PMCID: PMC7269243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A moderate alcohol consumption is demonstrated to exert a protective action in terms of cardiovascular risk. Although this property seems not to be beverage-specific, the various composition of alcoholic compounds could mediate peculiar effects in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential beer-mediated effects on the cardiovascular health in humans, using a meta-analytic approach (trial registration number: CRD42018118387). The literature search, comprising all English articles published until November, 30th 2019 in EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane database included all controlled clinical trials evaluating the cardiovascular effects of beer assumption compared to alcohol-free beer, water, abstinence or placebo. Both sexes and all beer preparations were considered eligible. Outcome parameters were those entering in the cardiovascular risk charts and those related to endothelial dysfunction. Twenty-six trials were included in the analysis. Total cholesterol was significantly higher in beer drinkers compared to controls (14 studies, 3.52 mg/dL, 1.71–5.32 mg/dL). Similar increased levels were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (18 studies, 3.63 mg/dL, 2.00–5.26 mg/dL) and in apolipoprotein A1 (5 studies, 0.16 mg/dL, 0.11–0.21 mg/dL), while no differences were detected in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (12 studies, -2.85 mg/dL, -5.96–0.26 mg/dL) and triglycerides (14 studies, 0.40 mg/dL, -5.00–5.80 mg/dL) levels. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) resulted significantly higher in beer-consumers compared to controls (4 studies, 0.65%, 0.07–1.23%), while blood pressure and other biochemical markers of inflammation did not differ. In conclusion, the specific beer effect on human cardiovascular health was meta-analysed for the first time, highlighting an improvement of the vascular elasticity, detected by the increase of FMD (after acute intake), and of the lipid profile with a significant increase of HDL and apolipoprotein A1 serum levels. Although the long-term effects of beer consumption are not still understood, a beneficial effect of beer on endothelial function should be supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matteo Baldi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile of Ivrea, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Sumi T, Yamamoto H, Hirano-Iwata A. Suppression of hypersynchronous network activity in cultured cortical neurons using an ultrasoft silicone scaffold. Soft Matter 2020; 16:3195-3202. [PMID: 32096811 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02432h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous activity pattern of cortical neurons in dissociated culture is characterized by burst firing that is highly synchronized among a wide population of cells. The degree of synchrony, however, is excessively higher than that in cortical tissues. Here, we employed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers to establish a novel system for culturing neurons on a scaffold with an elastic modulus resembling brain tissue, and investigated the effect of the scaffold's elasticity on network activity patterns in cultured rat cortical neurons. Using whole-cell patch clamp to assess the scaffold effect on the development of synaptic connections, we found that the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic current, as well as the frequency of spontaneous transmissions, was reduced in neuronal networks grown on an ultrasoft PDMS with an elastic modulus of 0.5 kPa. Furthermore, the ultrasoft scaffold was found to suppress neural correlations in the spontaneous activity of the cultured neuronal network. The dose of GsMTx-4, an antagonist of stretch-activated cation channels (SACs), required to reduce the generation of the events below 1.0 event per min on PDMS substrates was lower than that for neurons on a glass substrate. This suggests that the difference in the baseline level of SAC activation is a molecular mechanism underlying the alteration in neuronal network activity depending on scaffold stiffness. Our results demonstrate the potential application of PDMS with biomimetic elasticity as cell-culture scaffold for bridging the in vivo-in vitro gap in neuronal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Sumi
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Tamayo L, Melo F, Caballero L, Hamm E, Díaz M, Leal MS, Guiliani N, Urzúa MD. Does Bacterial Elasticity Affect Adhesion to Polymer Fibers? ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14507-14517. [PMID: 32118396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The factors governing bacterial adhesion to substrates with different topographies are still not fully identified. The present work seeks to elucidate for the first time and with quantitative data the roles of bacterial elasticity and shape and substrate topography in bacterial adhesion. With this aim, populations of three bacterial species, P. aeruginosa DSM 22644, B. subtilis DSM 10, and S. aureus DSM 20231 adhered on flat substrates covered with electrospun polycaprolactone fibers of different diameters ranging from 0.4 to 5.5 μm are counted. Populations of bacterial cells are classified according to the preferred binding sites of the bacteria to the substrate. The colloidal probe technique was used to assess the stiffness of the bacteria and bacteria-polymer surface adhesion energy. A theoretical model is developed to interpret the observed populations in terms of a balance between stiffness and adhesion energy of the bacteria. The model, which also incorporates the radius of the fiber and the size and shape of the bacteria, predicts increased adhesion for a low level of stiffness and for a larger number of available bacteria-fiber contact points. Te adhesive propensity of bacteria depends in a nontrivial way on the radius of the fibers due to the random arrangement of fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tamayo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile
- Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Leonardo Caballero
- Departamento Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile
- Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Eugenio Hamm
- Departamento Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile
| | - M Díaz
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - M S Leal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - N Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - M D Urzúa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago 3425, Chile
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Haddad A, Menezes A, Guarnieri C, Coimbra D, Ribeiro E, Sarubi J, Avelar LE, Del Nero MP, da Cunha MG, Mazzuco R, Kamamoto C, Cazerta C. Recommendations on the Use of Injectable Poly-L-Lactic Acid for Skin Laxity in Off-Face Areas. J Drugs Dermatol 2019; 18:929-935. [PMID: 31524350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer that stimulates collagen production, leading to gradual volume restoration. The treatment of sagging skin in body areas is still a big challenge, as there are few aesthetic procedures aiming to improve it. This article provides recommendations on the use of PLLA in the treatment of skin laxity in off-face areas, as the neck, décolletage, arms, abdomen, buttocks, and thighs, including the patient selection, product preparation, and injection techniques. The use of PLLA is a promising method for the treatment of skin laxity in corporal areas, improving body contour and appearance. Further investigation is needed to better understand the efficacy and durability of PLLA in non-facial indications and to provide the best evidence for optimal patient outcomes. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(9):929-935.
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Mandriota G, Leporatti S, Rinaldi R. Acute Cytotoxic Effects on Morphology and Mechanical Behavior in MCF-7 Induced by TiO 2NPs Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143594. [PMID: 31340471 PMCID: PMC6678441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The side effects induced by nanoparticle exposure at a cellular level are one of the priority research topics due to the steady increase in the use of nanoparticles (NPs). Recently, the focus on cellular morphology and mechanical behavior is gaining relevance in order to fully understand the cytotoxic mechanisms. In this regard, we have evaluated the morphomechanical alteration in human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) exposed to TiO2NPs at two different concentrations (25 and 50 µg/mL) and two time points (24 and 48 h). By using confocal and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrated that TiO2NP exposure induces significant alterations in cellular membrane elasticity, due to actin proteins rearrangement in cytoskeleton, as calculated in correspondence to nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. In this work, we have emphasized the alteration in mechanical properties of the cellular membrane, induced by nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mandriota
- IIT-Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Ito N, Seki S, Ueda F. Effects of Composite Supplement Containing Collagen Peptide and Ornithine on Skin Conditions and Plasma IGF-1 Levels-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120482. [PMID: 30513923 PMCID: PMC6315531 DOI: 10.3390/md16120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated changes of skin conditions are a major concern for maintaining quality of life. Therefore, the improvement of skin conditions by dietary supplementation is a topic of public interest. In this study, we hypothesized that a composite supplement containing fish derived-collagen peptide and ornithine (CPO) could improve skin conditions by increasing plasma growth hormone and/or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Twenty-two healthy Japanese participants were enrolled in an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. They were assigned to either a CPO group, who were supplemented with a drink containing CPO, or an identical placebo group. We examined skin conditions including elasticity and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), as well as plasma growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Skin elasticity and TEWL were significantly improved in the CPO group compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, only the CPO group showed increased plasma IGF-1 levels after 8 weeks of supplementation compared with the baseline. Our results might suggest the novel possibility for the use of CPO to improve skin conditions by increasing plasma IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ito
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Seki
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Ueda
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan.
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Liu Y, Dimango E, Bucovsky M, Agarwal S, Nishiyama K, Guo XE, Shane E, Stein EM. Abnormal microarchitecture and stiffness in postmenopausal women using chronic inhaled glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2121-2127. [PMID: 29947865 PMCID: PMC6138454 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postmenopausal (PM) women using inhaled glucocorticoids (IGCs) had substantial abnormalities in volumetric BMD (vBMD), microarchitecture, and stiffness using high resolution peripheral computed tomography (HRpQCT) compared to age- and race-matched controls. Abnormalities were most severe at the radius. These preliminary results suggest that there may be major, heretofore unrecognized, skeletal deficits in PM women using IGCs. INTRODUCTION While oral glucocorticoids are well recognized to have destructive skeletal effects, less is known about the effects of IGCs. The detrimental skeletal effects of IGCs may be greatest in PM women, in whom they compound negative effects of estrogen loss and aging. The goal of this study was to evaluate microarchitecture and stiffness in PM women using chronic IGCs. METHODS This case-control study compared PM women using IGCs for ≥ 6 months (n = 20) and controls matched for age and race/ethnicity (n = 60). Skeletal parameters assessed included areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA, trabecular and cortical vBMD and microarchitecture by HRpQCT of the radius and tibia, and whole bone stiffness by finite element analysis. RESULTS By DXA, mean values in both groups were in the osteopenic range; hip aBMD was lower in IGC users (P < 0.04). By HRpQCT, IGC users had lower total, cortical, and trabecular vBMD at both radius and tibia (all P < 0.05). IGC users had lower cortical thickness, lower trabecular number, greater trabecular separation and heterogeneity at the radius (all P < 0.03), and greater heterogeneity at the tibia (P < 0.04). Whole bone stiffness was lower in IGC users at radius (P < 0.03) and tended to be lower at the tibia (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS PM women using IGCs had substantial abnormalities in vBMD, microarchitecture, and stiffness compared to controls. These abnormalities were most severe at the radius. These preliminary results suggest that there may be major, heretofore unrecognized, skeletal deficits in PM women using IGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - E Dimango
- Division of Pulmonology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Bucovsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Agarwal
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Nishiyama
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - X E Guo
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Shane
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - E M Stein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Bao F, Zheng Y, Liu C, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li L, Wang Q, Chen S, Elsheikh A. Changes in Corneal Biomechanical Properties With Different Corneal Cross-linking Irradiances. J Refract Surg 2018; 34:51-58. [PMID: 29315442 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20171025-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether different corneal cross-linking (CXL) irradiances, all with the same delivered total energy, achieve similar increases in corneal material stiffness. METHODS One hundred twenty-six healthy white Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 18 each). After removing the epithelium of the left corneas, six groups were exposed to riboflavin (0.22% concentration by volume) and ultraviolet-A (370 nm) at different CXL irradiations, all with the same total dose (5.4 J/cm2), ranging from 3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes to 90 mW/cm2 for 1 minute. The left corneas of the seventh group were exposed to riboflavin without irradiation. Twelve corneas of each group were prepared for inflation testing, where they were subjected to internal hydrostatic pressure simulating intraocular pressure, whereas the other six specimens were processed for electron microscopy measurements of fibril diameter and interfibrillar spacing. The inverse modeling process was used to estimate the tangent modulus of the tissue, which is considered an accurate measure of the material stiffness. RESULTS The stiffening effect of CXL decreased when using high irradiation/short duration settings. Compared with the group with no irradiation (NUVA group), the tangent modulus increases reduced from 212.5% in the 3mW/30min group to 196.8% in the 90mW/1min group. These increases were significant (P < .05) in the 3mW/30min and 9mW/10min groups, but became insignificant in other CXL groups. The interfibrillar spacing in the anterior 50 μm of the corneal stroma also reduced with high irradiation/short duration settings, changing from 20.05 ± 1.89 nm in the NUVA group down to 13.06 ± 2.07 and 14.37 ± 1.90 nm in the 3mW/30min and 9mW/10min groups, respectively. These changes were significant (P < .05) between non-adjacent groups, but became non-significant otherwise. The corresponding changes in fibril diameter were small and nonsignificant in all cases (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Because the effect of CXL in stiffening the tissue and reducing the interfibrillar spacing consistently decreased with reducing the irradiance duration, the Bunsen-Roscoe law may not be readily applicable in the CXL of corneal tissue. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(1):51-58.].
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Mathelié-Guinlet M, Grauby-Heywang C, Martin A, Février H, Moroté F, Vilquin A, Béven L, Delville MH, Cohen-Bouhacina T. Detrimental impact of silica nanoparticles on the nanomechanical properties of Escherichia coli, studied by AFM. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 529:53-64. [PMID: 29883930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite great innovative and technological promises, nanoparticles (NPs) can ultimately exert an antibacterial activity by affecting the cell envelope integrity. This envelope, by conferring the cell its rigidity and protection, is intimately related to the mechanical behavior of the bacterial surface. Depending on their size, surface chemistry, shape, NPs can induce damages to the cell morphology and structure among others, and are therefore expected to alter the overall mechanical properties of bacteria. Although Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) stands as a powerful tool to study biological systems, with high resolution and in near physiological environment, it has rarely been applied to investigate at the same time both morphological and mechanical degradations of bacteria upon NPs treatment. Consequently, this study aims at quantifying the impact of the silica NPs (SiO2-NPs) on the mechanical properties of E. coli cells after their exposure, and relating it to their toxic activity under a critical diameter. Cell elasticity was calculated by fitting the force curves with the Hertz model, and was correlated with the morphological study. SiO2-NPs of 100 nm diameter did not trigger any significant change in the Young modulus of E. coli, in agreement with the bacterial intact morphology and membrane structure. On the opposite, the 4 nm diameter SiO2-NPs did induce a significant decrease in E. coli Young modulus, mainly associated with the disorganization of lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane and the permeation of the underlying peptidoglycan layer. The subsequent toxic behavior of these NPs is finally confirmed by the presence of membrane residues, due to cell lysis, exhibiting typical adhesion features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR5798, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France
| | | | - Axel Martin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR5798, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Hugo Février
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR5798, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Fabien Moroté
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR5798, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Alexandre Vilquin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR5798, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Laure Béven
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Delville
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France.
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Sundaram H, Cegielska A, Wojciechowska A, Delobel P. Prospective, Randomized, Investigator-Blinded, Split-Face Evaluation of a Topical Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Serum for Post-Procedural Improvement of Skin Quality and Biomechanical Attributes. J Drugs Dermatol 2018; 17:442-450. [PMID: 29601621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This split-face, controlled study investigated the ability of a topical crosslinked hyaluronic acid formulation (RHA serum) to enhance clinical results from fillers, microneedling, or chemical peeling of aging skin. Previous comparative skin explant studies demonstrated greater efficacy of RHA serum than topical non-crosslinked high or low molecular weight hyaluronic acid in decreasing trans-epidermal water loss, increasing epidermal hydration, and improving corneocyte microstructure. METHODS 24 female subjects aged 35 to 55 were enrolled. 8 received intradermal hyaluronic acid filler injection, 8 received microneedling, and 8 received superficial mandelic acid chemical peeling. Subjects initiated twice-daily, standardized application of RHA serum to one side of the face 2 days after the procedure. Topographical imaging, bioinstrumental, and blinded clinical evaluations were performed at days 0, 14, and 28. RESULTS Areas treated with RHA serum showed statistically significant improvements in skin surface topography and hydration compared to untreated areas. Blinded investigator scoring showed greater improvement of RHA serum-treated skin in moisture, tone/complexion, radiance, texture, uniformity, and global appearance. Subjects' questionnaire responses correlated with these findings. Subjects expressed greater satisfaction with appearance of the treated hemiface. No adverse events were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS When initiated post-procedurally, topical RHA serum was well-tolerated and enhanced biomechanical properties, quality, and clinical appearance of the skin. Based on these data, RHA serum may be of value in improving patient outcomes and satisfaction following minimally invasive aesthetic procedures. The availability of the same hyaluronic acid technology also as a cohesive, tissue-integrating injectable filler enables synergistic, multi-level treatment plans to be devised. <p><em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(4):442-450.</em></p>.
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Gupta AK, Shukla G, Sharma P, Gupta AK, Kumar A, Gupta D. Evaluation of the Effects of Fluoride Prophylactic Agents on Mechanical Properties of Nickel Titanium Wires using Scanning Electron Microscope. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:283-286. [PMID: 29603699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic treatment these days is increasing in demand, and therefore, it is relatively imperative for the orthodontist to prescribe the use of fluoride-containing products, such as mouthwashes and gels, to help prevent dental caries and maintain healthy oral health. The aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the effects of fluoride prophylactic agents on mechanical properties of nickel titanium (NiTi) wires during orthodontic treatment using scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the commercially available round preformed NiTi orthodontic archwire (3M company) and three different mouthwash solutions, i.e., Phos-Flur gel (1.1% sodium acidulated phosphate fluoride, APF, 0.5% w/v fluoride, pH = 5.1; Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals) and Prevident 5000 (1.1% sodium fluoride neutral agent, 0.5% w/v fluoride, pH = 7; Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals). All the specimens were subjected to a three-point bending test on a universal testing machine. To observe the surface morphological changes, one wire from each group was randomly selected and observed under a SEM. RESULTS It was observed that there was not much difference in the values of both modulus of elasticity and yield strength obtained after loading of stress on the wires in all the three experimental conditions. A significant difference in both modulus of elasticity and yield strength was observed during unloading of stress. Further, when the surface characteristics were observed for all the specimens using SEM images, it was observed that NiTi wires treated with Phos-Flur showed large surface defects which appeared as round, pitted areas depicting corrosion, numerous white inclusions, and overall damaged surface structure of the wire as compared with the control. CONCLUSION Thus, fluoridated mouthwashes are essential to maintain good oral hygiene and decrease instance of caries in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The prophylactic usage of topical fluoride agents on NiTi wire seems to diminish the mechanical properties of the orthodontic wire that could significantly affect future treatment outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It has been proved that fluoride mouthwashes/gels do affect the structural surface qualities and strength of wires used during the orthodontic treatment irrespective of the composition of the wires. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the clinician to prescribe these prophylactic agents carefully while keeping in mind their pH so that the overall result of the treatment may not be hampered and delayed due to change in properties of the wires used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +919818758144, e-mail:
| | - Gita Shukla
- Dr. Gita Shukla Dental Clinic, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Employees' State Insurance Corporation Dental College & Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K Gupta
- Dentavista Super Speciality Dental Clinic & Orthodontic Center New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Dental Health Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Toma CC, Pellegrino P, Leporatti S, Rinaldi R. Morphomechanical and structural changes induced by ROCK inhibitor in breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:303-309. [PMID: 28935466 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The EMT phenomenon is based on tumour progression. The cells lose their physiologic phenotype and assumed a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by an increased migratory capacity, invasiveness and high resistance to apoptosis. In this process, RHO family regulates the activation or suppression of ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase) which in turn regulates the cytoskeleton dynamics. However, while the biochemical mechanisms are widely investigated, a comprehensive and careful estimation of biomechanical changes has not been extensively addressed. In this work, we used a strong ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, to evaluate the effects of inhibition on living breast cancer epithelial cells by a biomechanical approach. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to estimate changes of cellular elasticity, quantified by Young's modulus parameter. The morphometric alterations were analyzed by AFM topographies and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Our study revealed a significant modification in the Young's modulus after treatment, especially as regards cytoskeletal region. Our evidences suggest that the use of Y-27632 enhanced the cell rigidity, preventing cell migration and arrested the metastasization process representing a potential powerful factor for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", c/o Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cristina Toma
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecoteckne, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Weber IP, Rana M, Thomas PBM, Dimov IB, Franze K, Rajan MS. Effect of vital dyes on human corneal endothelium and elasticity of Descemet's membrane. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184375. [PMID: 28902856 PMCID: PMC5597301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vital dyes on human Descemet's membranes (DMs) and endothelia. DMs of 25 human cadaveric corneas with research consent were treated with dyes routinely used in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), 0.05% Trypan blue (TB) or a combination of 0.15% Trypan blue, 0.025% Brilliant blue and 4% Polyethylene glycol (commercial name Membrane Blue Dual; MB). The effects of these two dyes on (i) endothelial cell viability, (ii) DM mechanical properties as assessed by atomic force microscopy, and iii) qualitative DM dye retention were tested for two varying exposure times (one or four minutes). No significant differences in cell toxicity were observed between treatments with TB and MB at the two different exposure times (P = 0.21). Further, both dyes led to a significant increase in DM stiffness: exposure to TB and MB for one minute increased the apparent elastic modulus of the DM by 11.2% (P = 8*10−3) and 17.7%, respectively (P = 4*10−6). A four-minute exposure led to an increase of 8.6% for TB (P = 0.004) and 13.6% for MB (P = 0.03). Finally, at 25 minutes, the dye retention of the DM was considerably better for MB compared to TB. Taken together, a one-minute exposure to MB was found to improve DM visibility compared to TB, with a significant increase in DM stiffness and without detrimental effects on endothelial cell viability. The use of MB could therefore improve (i) visibility of the DM scroll, and (ii) intraoperative unfolding, enhancing the probability of successful DMEK surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell P. Weber
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mrinal Rana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B. M. Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan B. Dimov
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Madhavan S. Rajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Vision and Eye Research Unit (VERU), Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Emanuele E, Bertona M, Biagi M. Comparative effects of a fixed Polypodium leucotomos/Pomegranate combination versus Polypodium leucotomos alone on skin biophysical parameters. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2017; 38:38-42. [PMID: 28456146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polypodium leucotomos extract is a commonly used systemic photoprotective agent. In an exploratory fashion, the current study aimed to compare the effects of oral supplementation with a fixed Polypodium leucotomos/pomegranate combination (PPmix®) versus Polypodium leucotomos alone (Fernblock®) on skin biophysical parameters of Caucasian adults. METHODS Forty healthy adult volunteers (20 males and 20 females; mean age: 37.2±5.5 years) were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a fixed Polypodium leucotomos/pomegranate combination (480 mg/day; n=20) or Polypodium leucotomos alone (480 mg/day; n=20) for 3 months. Six skin biophysical parameters (skin sebum content, hydration, transepidermal water loss [TEWL], erythema index, melanin index, and elasticity) were measured at baseline and after 3 months by personnel blinded to participant allocation. RESULTS At the end of the study, hydration and elasticity were significantly improved and TEWL was reduced in both groups, without significant intergroup differences. The erythema index was decreased by both treatments, although the fixed Polypodium leucotomos/pomegranate combination was significantly more effective. Finally, melanin index and skin sebum content were reduced by the fixed Polypodium leucotomos/pomegranate combination, whereas Polypodium leucotomos alone did not affect them. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a fixed Polypodium leucotomos/pomegranate combination provides a greater improvement of skin biophysical parameters compared to Polypodium leucotomos alone in adult Caucasians. Our findings may have implications for optimizing systemic skin photoprotection and beautification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Italy
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Abstract
Atomic force microscopy, and related nano-indentation techniques, is a valuable tool for analyzing the elastic properties of plant cell walls as they relate to changes in cell wall chemistry, changes in development, and response to hormones. Within this chapter I will describe a method for analyzing the effect of the phytohormone auxin on the cell wall elasticity of tobacco BY-2 cells. This general method may be easily altered for different experimental systems and hormones of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan A Braybrook
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
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Quan FS, Kim KS. Medical applications of the intrinsic mechanical properties of single cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:865-871. [PMID: 27542404 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of single cells have been recently identified as the basis of an emerging approach in medical applications because they are closely related to the biological processes of cells and, ultimately, human health conditions. In this article, we provide a brief review of the intrinsic mechanical properties of single cells related to cancer and aging. The mechanical properties can be used as biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis because cancer cells have a lower Young's modulus, indicating higher elasticity or softness than their counterpart normal cells. The metastatic potential of cancer cells is inversely correlated with their elastic properties. Aging induces stiffness through an increased amount of cytoskeletal fiber. Changes in the mechanical properties also show potential for drug screening. Although there are several challenges to be met before clinical applications can be made, such mechanical properties of single cells may provide new approaches to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-710, Republic of Korea
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Abdeen AA, Lee J, Bharadwaj NA, Ewoldt RH, Kilian KA. Temporal Modulation of Stem Cell Activity Using Magnetoactive Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2536-2544. [PMID: 27276521 PMCID: PMC5061612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell activity is coordinated by dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix, often through stimuli-mediated spatiotemporal stiffening and softening. Dynamic changes in mechanics occur in vivo through enzymatic or chemical means, processes which are challenging to reconstruct in cell culture materials. Here a magnetoactive hydrogel material formed by embedding magnetic particles in a hydrogel matrix is presented whereby elasticity can be modulated reversibly by attenuation of a magnetic field. Orders of magnitude change in elasticity using low magnetic fields are shown and reversibility of stiffening with simple permanent magnets is demonstrated. The broad applicability of this technique is demonstrated with two therapeutically relevant bioactivities in mesenchymal stem cells: secretion of proangiogenic molecules, and dynamic control of osteogenesis. The ability to reversibly stiffen cell culture materials across the full spectrum of soft tissue mechanics, using simple materials and commercially available permanent magnets, makes this approach viable for a broad range of laboratory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - N Ashwin Bharadwaj
- Department of Mechanical Scienceand Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Scienceand Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Hain EG, Klein C, Munder T, Braun J, Riek K, Mueller S, Sack I, Steiner B. Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the Mouse Is Associated with Decrease of Viscoelasticity of Substantia Nigra Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161179. [PMID: 27526042 PMCID: PMC4985068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of brain tissue are altered by histopathological changes due to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). Such alterations can be measured by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a non-invasive technique to determine viscoelastic parameters of the brain. Until now, the correlation between histopathological mechanisms and observed alterations in tissue viscoelasticity in neurodegenerative diseases is still not completely understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate (1) the validity of MRE to detect viscoelastic changes in small and specific brain regions: the substantia nigra (SN), midbrain and hippocampus in a mouse model of PD, and (2) if the induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inflammation in the SN is reflected by local changes in viscoelasticity. Therefore, MRE measurements of the SN, midbrain and hippocampus were performed in adult female mice before and at five time points after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin hydrochloride (MPTP) treatment specifically lesioning dopaminergic neurons in the SN. At each time point, additional mice were utilized for histological analysis of the SN. After treatment cessation, we observed opposed viscoelastic changes in the midbrain, hippocampus and SN with the midbrain showing a gradual rise and the hippocampus a distinct transient increase of viscous and elastic parameters, while viscosity and-to a lesser extent-elasticity in the SN decreased over time. The decrease in viscosity and elasticity in the SN was paralleled by a reduced number of neurons due to the MPTP-induced neurodegeneration. In conclusion, MRE is highly sensitive to detect local viscoelastic changes in specific and even small brain regions. Moreover, we confirmed that neuronal cells likely constitute the backbone of the adult brain mainly accounting for its viscoelasticity. Therefore, MRE could be established as a new potential instrument for clinical evaluation and diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G. Hain
- Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tonia Munder
- Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Braun
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Riek
- Department of Radiology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zaseck LW, Miller RA, Brooks SV. Rapamycin Attenuates Age-associated Changes in Tibialis Anterior Tendon Viscoelastic Properties. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:858-65. [PMID: 26809496 PMCID: PMC4906327 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin extends mouse life span, but the extent to which rapamycin prevents aging-associated changes in specific tissues remains unclear. Stiffness increases and collagen turnover decreases in mouse tendon with aging; thus, our aim was to determine the effect of long-term rapamycin treatment on the mechanical and structural properties of tendons from old mice. Tendons were harvested from female UM-HET3 mice maintained on a standard chow diet for 4 (adult) or 22 (old) months or fed chow containing polymer-encapsulated rapamycin (eRAPA) from 9 to 22 months of age (old RAPA). Stiffness was twofold higher for tendons of old compared with adult mice, but in old RAPA mice, tendon stiffness was maintained at a value not different from that of adults. Additionally, expression of collagen decreased, expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 increased, and total hydroxyproline content trended toward decreased levels in tendons of old eRAPA-fed mice compared with controls. Finally, age-associated calcification of Achilles tendons and accompanying elevations in expression of chondrocyte and osteoblast markers were all lower in old eRAPA-fed mice. These results suggest that long-term administration of rapamycin alters the molecular pathways responsible for aging of tendon extracellular matrix, resulting in tissue that is structurally and mechanically similar to tendons in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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Poetschke J, Schwaiger H, Steckmeier S, Ruzicka T, Gauglitz GG. [Anti-wrinkle creams with hyaluronic acid: how effective are they?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158 Suppl 4:1-6. [PMID: 27221554 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-8302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-wrinkle creams containing hyaluronic-acid are often advertised as an efficacious option for the treatment of wrinkles and have even been presented as an option equal to some medical procedures in this regard. Evidence from conclusive and systematic research supporting those claims, however, is widely lacking. OBJECTIVES During this trial we examined whether the daily use of anti-wrinkle creams containing hyaluronic-acid has an influence on the depth of wrinkles as well as skin tightness and elasticity. METHODS We split up 20 patients into four groups, each of which were assigned an anti-wrinkle cream containing hyaluronic acid for daily use. Four different creams within different price ranges were chosen (Balea, Nivea, Lancôme, Chanel). Before and after the 3 month trial, wrinkle depth was assessed using the PRIMOS(pico) (GFMesstechnik, Teltow, Germany) and skin-tightness and elasticity were evaluated using the Cutometer MP580 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). Additionally, after the trial, questionnaire data on patient satisfaction with their individual product was collected. RESULTS The depth of perioral and orbital wrinkles decreased significantly in all groups, with depth reduction ranging between 10% and 20%. Skin-tightness increased significantly in all groups, rising by 13 to 30%. Minimal significant changes in skin-elasticity could only be shown in individual groups. CONCLUSIONS The regular use of hyaluronic-acid containing anti-wrinkle creams for over 3 months showed clear and positive effects on wrinkle-depth and skin-tightness. Due to the design of the study, however, no clear indication on the efficacy of hyaluronic acid could be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Poetschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - Hannah Schwaiger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Steckmeier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - Gerd G Gauglitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland.
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Ash A, Wilde PJ, Bradshaw DJ, King SP, Pratten JR. Structural modifications of the salivary conditioning film upon exposure to sodium bicarbonate: implications for oral lubrication and mouthfeel. Soft Matter 2016; 12:2794-2801. [PMID: 26883483 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01936b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The salivary conditioning film (SCF) that forms on all surfaces in the mouth plays a key role in lubricating the oral cavity. As this film acts as an interface between tongue, enamel and oral mucosa, it is likely that any perturbations to its structure could potentially lead to a change in mouthfeel perception. This is often experienced after exposure to oral hygiene products. For example, consumers that use dentifrice that contain a high concentration of sodium bicarbonate (SB) often report a clean mouth feel after use; an attribute that is clearly desirable for oral hygiene products. However, the mechanisms by which SB interacts with the SCF to alter lubrication in the mouth is unknown. Therefore, saliva and the SCF was exposed to high ionic strength and alkaline solutions to elucidate whether the interactions observed were a direct result of SB, its high alkalinity or its ionic strength. Characteristics including bulk viscosity of saliva and the viscoelasticity of the interfacial salivary films that form at both the air/saliva and hydroxyapatite/saliva interfaces were tested. It was hypothesised that SB interacts with the SCF in two ways. Firstly, the ionic strength of SB shields electrostatic charges of salivary proteins, thus preventing protein crosslinking within the film and secondly; the alkaline pH (≈8.3) of SB reduces the gel-like structure of mucins present in the pellicle by disrupting disulphide bridging of the mucins via the ionization of their cysteine's thiol group, which has an isoelectric point of ≈8.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ash
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Chen WCW, Lee BG, Park DW, Kim K, Chu H, Kim K, Huard J, Wang Y. Controlled dual delivery of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Interleukin-10 by heparin-based coacervate synergistically enhances ischemic heart repair. Biomaterials 2015; 72:138-51. [PMID: 26370927 PMCID: PMC4617784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes myocardial necrosis, triggers chronic inflammatory responses, and leads to pathological remodeling. Controlled delivery of a combination of angiogenic and immunoregulatory proteins may be a promising therapeutic approach for MI. We investigated the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of an injectable, heparin-based coacervate co-delivering an angiogenic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Coacervate delivery of FGF2 and IL-10 preserved their bioactivities on cardiac stromal cell proliferation in vitro. Upon intramyocardial injection into a mouse MI model, echocardiography revealed that FGF2/IL-10 coacervate treated groups showed significantly improved long-term LV contractile function and ameliorated LV dilatation. FGF2/IL-10 coacervate substantially augmented LV myocardial elasticity. Additionally, FGF2/IL-10 coacervate notably enhanced long-term revascularization, especially at the infarct area. In addition, coacervate loaded with 500 ng FGF2 and 500 ng IL-10 significantly reduced LV fibrosis, considerably preserved infarct wall thickness, and markedly inhibited chronic inflammation at the infarct area. These results indicate that FGF2/IL-10 coacervate has notably greater therapeutic potential than coacervate containing only FGF2. Overall, our data suggest therapeutically synergistic effects of FGF-2/IL-10 coacervate, particularly coacervate with FGF2 and 500 ng IL-10, for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C W Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Brandon G Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dae Woo Park
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, 15260, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hunghao Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, 15260, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Rianna C, Ventre M, Cavalli S, Radmacher M, Netti PA. Micropatterned Azopolymer Surfaces Modulate Cell Mechanics and Cytoskeleton Structure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:21503-21510. [PMID: 26372777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical and chemical characteristics of materials are important regulators of cell behavior. In particular, cell elasticity is a fundamental parameter that reflects the state of a cell. Surface topography finely modulates cell fate and function via adhesion mediated signaling and cytoskeleton generated forces. However, how topographies alter cell mechanics is still unclear. In this work we have analyzed the mechanical properties of peripheral and nuclear regions of NIH-3T3 cells on azopolymer substrates with different topographic patterns. Micrometer scale patterns in the form of parallel ridges or square lattices of surface elevations were encoded on light responsive azopolymer films by means of contactless optical methods. Cell mechanics was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cells and consequently the cell cytoskeleton were oriented along the linear patterns affecting cytoskeletal structures, e.g., formation of actin stress fibers. Our data demonstrate that topographic substrate patterns are recognized by cells and mechanical information is transferred by the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, cytoskeleton generated forces deform the nucleus, changing its morphology that appears to be related to different mechanical properties in the nuclear region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rianna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cavalli
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn Allee, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
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You J, Roh KB, Li Z, Liu G, Tang J, Shin S, Park D, Jung E. The Antiaging Properties of Andrographis paniculata by Activation Epidermal Cell Stemness. Molecules 2015; 20:17557-69. [PMID: 26402665 PMCID: PMC6332002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata, Chuanxinlian), a medicinal herb with an extremely bitter taste that is native to China and other parts of Southeast Asia, possesses immense therapeutic value; however, its therapeutic properties have rarely been applied in the field of skin care. In this study, we investigated the effect of an A. paniculata extract (APE) on human epidermal stem cells (EpSCs), and confirmed its anti-aging effect through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo study. An MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation. A flow cytometric analysis, with propidium iodide, was used to evaluate the cell cycle. The expression of integrin β1 (CD29), the stem cell marker, was detected with antibodies, using flow cytometry in vitro, and immunohistochemical assays in ex vivo. Type 1 collagen and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During the clinical study, skin hydration, elasticity, wrinkling, sagging, and dermal density were evaluated before treatment and at four and eight weeks after the treatment with the test product (containing the APE) on the face. The proliferation of the EpSCs, treated with the APE, increased significantly. In the cell cycle analysis, the APE increased the G2/M and S stages in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of integrin β1, which is related to epidermal progenitor cell expansion, was up-regulated in the APE-treated EpSCs and skin explants. In addition, the production of VEGF in the EpSCs increased significantly in response to the APE treatment. Consistent with these results, the VEGF and APE-treated EpSCs conditioned medium enhanced the Type 1 collagen production in normal human fibroblasts (NHFs). In the clinical study, the APE improved skin hydration, dermal density, wrinkling, and sagging significantly. Our findings revealed that the APE promotes a proliferation of EpSCs, through the up-regulation of the integrin β1 and VEGF expression. The VEGF might affect the collagen synthesis of NHF as a paracrine factor. Clinical studies further suggested that treatment with formulations containing APE confers anti-aging benefits. Based on these results, we suggest that APE may be introduced as a possible anti-aging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung You
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Sangdaewon-Dong, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do 442-13, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Baeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Sangdaewon-Dong, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do 442-13, Korea.
| | - Zidan Li
- Infinitus, Rm 102 PCI Business Building, No. 66 Jiangzhong Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510665, China.
| | - Guangrong Liu
- Infinitus, Rm 102 PCI Business Building, No. 66 Jiangzhong Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510665, China.
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus, Rm 102 PCI Business Building, No. 66 Jiangzhong Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510665, China.
| | - Seoungwoo Shin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Sangdaewon-Dong, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do 442-13, Korea.
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Sangdaewon-Dong, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do 442-13, Korea.
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Sangdaewon-Dong, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-Do 442-13, Korea.
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Niu CJ, Fisher C, Scheffler K, Wan R, Maleki H, Liu H, Sun Y, A Simmons C, Birngruber R, Lilge L. Polyacrylamide gel substrates that simulate the mechanical stiffness of normal and malignant neuronal tissues increase protoporphyin IX synthesis in glioma cells. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:098002. [PMID: 26405823 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.098002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) produced following the administration of exogenous 5d-aminolevulinic acid is clinically approved for photodynamic therapy and fluorescence-guided resection in various jurisdictions around the world. For both applications, quantification of PPIX forms the basis for accurate therapeutic dose calculation and identification of malignant tissues for resection. While it is well established that the PPIX synthesis and accumulation rates are subject to the cell’s biochemical microenvironment, the effect of the physical microenvironment, such as matrix stiffness, has received little attention to date. Here we studied the proliferation rate and PPIX synthesis and accumulation in two glioma cell lines U373 and U118 cultured under five different substrate conditions, including the conventional tissue culture plastic and polyacrylamide gels that simulated tissue stiffness of normal brain (1 kPa) and glioblastoma tumors (12 kPa). We found that the proliferation rate increased with substrate stiffness for both cell lines, but not in a linear fashion. PPIX concentration was significantly higher in cells cultured on tissue-simulating gels than on the much stiffer tissue culture plastic for both cell lines. These findings, albeit preliminary, suggest that the physical microenvironment might be an important determinant of tumor aggressiveness and PPIX synthesis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Niu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Carl Fisher
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Kira Scheffler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Rachel Wan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Hoda Maleki
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Haijiao Liu
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Reginald Birngruber
- Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G1L7, Canada
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Raghunathan VK, Morgan JT, Park SA, Weber D, Phinney BS, Murphy CJ, Russell P. Dexamethasone Stiffens Trabecular Meshwork, Trabecular Meshwork Cells, and Matrix. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4447-59. [PMID: 26193921 PMCID: PMC4509060 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment with corticosteroids can result in ocular hypertension and may lead to the development of steroid-induced glaucoma. The extent to which biomechanical changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute toward this dysfunction is poorly understood. METHODS Primary human TM (HTM) cells were cultured for either 3 days or 4 weeks in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (DEX), and cell mechanics, matrix mechanics and proteomics were determined, respectively. Adult rabbits were treated topically with either 0.1% DEX or vehicle over 3 weeks, and mechanics of the TM were determined. RESULTS Treatment with DEX for 3 days resulted in a 2-fold increase in HTM cell stiffness, and this correlated with activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and overexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Further, the matrix deposited by HTM cells chronically treated with DEX is approximately 4-fold stiffer, more organized, and has elevated expression of matrix proteins commonly implicated in glaucoma (decorin, myocilin, fibrillin, secreted frizzle-related protein [SFRP1], matrix-gla). Also, DEX treatment resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in stiffness of the rabbit TM. DISCUSSION This integrated approach clearly demonstrates that DEX treatment increases TM cell stiffness concurrent with elevated αSMA expression and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, stiffens the ECM in vitro along with upregulation of Wnt antagonists and fibrotic markers embedded in a more organized matrix, and increases the stiffness of TM tissues in vivo. These results demonstrate glucocorticoid treatment can initiate the biophysical alteration associated with increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow and the resultant increase in IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Shin Ae Park
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Darren Weber
- University of California Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- University of California Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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Arun Kumar R, Sivashanmugam A, Deepthi S, Iseki S, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Injectable Chitin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Microgels Prepared by Simple Regeneration Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:9399-9409. [PMID: 25893690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Injectable gel systems, for the purpose of bone defect reconstruction, have many advantages, such as controlled flowability, adaptability to the defect site, and increased handling properties when compared to the conventionally used autologous graft, scaffolds, hydroxyapatite blocks, etc. In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) incorporated chitin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based injectable composite microgels has been developed by a simple regeneration technique for bone defect repair. The prepared microgel systems were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composite microgel, with the incorporation of nHAp, showed an increased elastic modulus and thermal stability and had shear-thinning behavior proving the injectability of the system. The protein adsorption, cytocompatibility, and migration of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were also studied. Chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel elicited an early osteogenic differentiation compared to control gel. The immunofluorescence studies confirmed the elevated expression of osteogenic-specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in chitin-PCL-nHAp microgels. Thus, chitin-PCL-nHAp microgel could be a promising injectable system for regeneration of bone defects which are, even in deeper planes, irregularly shaped and complex in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arun Kumar
- †Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682041, India
| | - A Sivashanmugam
- †Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682041, India
| | - S Deepthi
- †Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682041, India
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- ‡Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo-113-8549, Japan
| | - K P Chennazhi
- †Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682041, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- †Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682041, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- †Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi-682041, India
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Trubelja A, MacArthur JW, Sarver JJ, Cohen JE, Hung G, Shudo Y, Fairman AS, Patel J, Edwards BB, Damrauer SM, Hiesinger W, Atluri P, Woo YJ. Bioengineered stromal cell-derived factor-1α analogue delivered as an angiogenic therapy significantly restores viscoelastic material properties of infarcted cardiac muscle. J Biomech Eng 2015; 136:1876662. [PMID: 24860865 DOI: 10.1115/1.4027731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a major health problem worldwide, and current therapies fail to address microrevascularization. Previously, our group demonstrated that the sustained release of novel engineered stromal cell-derived factor 1-a analogue (ESA) limits infarct spreading, collagen deposition, improves cardiac function by promoting angiogenesis in the region surrounding the infarct, and restores the tensile properties of infarcted myocardium. In this study, using a well-established rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy, we describe a novel and innovative method for analyzing the viscoelastic properties of infarcted myocardium. Our results demonstrate that, compared with a saline control group, animals treated with ESA have significantly improved myocardial relaxation rates, while reducing the transition strain, leading to restoration of left ventricular mechanics.
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Kimball EC, Nguyen C, Steinhart MR, Nguyen TD, Pease ME, Oglesby EN, Oveson BC, Quigley HA. Experimental scleral cross-linking increases glaucoma damage in a mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2014; 128:129-40. [PMID: 25285424 PMCID: PMC4254118 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a scleral cross-linking agent on susceptibility to glaucoma damage in a mouse model.CD1 mice underwent 3 subconjunctival injections of 0.5 M glyceraldehyde (GA) in 1 week, then had elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by bead injection. Degree of cross-linking was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), scleral permeability was measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and the mechanical effects of GA exposure were measured by inflation testing. Control mice had buffer injection or no injection in 2 separate glaucoma experiments. IOP was monitored by Tonolab and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss was measured by histological axon counting. To rule out undesirable effects of GA, we performed electroretinography and detailed histology of the retina. GA exposure had no detectable effects on RGC number, retinal structure or function either histologically or electrophysiologically. GA increased cross-linking of sclera by 37% in an ELISA assay, decreased scleral permeability (FRAP, p = 0.001), and produced a steeper pressure-strain behavior by in vitro inflation testing. In two experimental glaucoma experiments, GA-treated eyes had greater RGC axon loss from elevated IOP than either buffer-injected or control eyes, controlling for level of IOP exposure over time (p = 0.01, and 0.049, multivariable regression analyses). This is the first report that experimental alteration of the sclera, by cross-linking, increases susceptibility to RGC damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Kimball
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Cathy Nguyen
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew R Steinhart
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary E Pease
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ericka N Oglesby
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian C Oveson
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry A Quigley
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Pak CS, Lee J, Lee H, Jeong J, Kim EH, Jeong J, Choi H, Kim B, Oh S, Kim I, Heo CY. A phase III, randomized, double-blind, matched-pairs, active-controlled clinical trial and preclinical animal study to compare the durability, efficacy and safety between polynucleotide filler and hyaluronic acid filler in the correction of crow's feet: a new concept of regenerative filler. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29 Suppl 3:S201-9. [PMID: 25473210 PMCID: PMC4248006 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.s3.s201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rejuran® is a new filler product made from purified polynucleotides. Here we present data from an animal study and a clinical trial to examine the durability, efficacy and safety of the Rejuran® on crow's feet. For the animal study, 25 mice were divided into three groups: Group 1 received phosphate buffered saline (PBS); Group 2 were treated with Yvoire®; and Group 3 were treated with Rejuran®. The durability and efficacy of each treatment were assessed by microscopy and staining. In the clinical trial, 72 patients were randomized to receive Rejuran® treatment for crow's feet on one side and Yvoire-Hydro® on the contralateral side, at a ratio of 1:1. Repeated treatments were performed every two weeks for a total of three times, over a total of 12 weeks' observation. All injections and observations of efficacy and safety were performed by the same two investigators. In the animal study, the Rejuran® group showed similar durability and inflammatory response to the Yvoire® group. Upon efficacy assessment, the Rejuran® group showed the greatest elasticity and collagen composition, and a significant difference in skin surface roughness and wrinkle depth. In the clinical trial, the primary and secondary objective efficacy outcome measure showed no statistical significance between the two groups, and in safety outcomes there were no unexpected adverse effects. Our data suggest that the Rejuran®, as a new regenerative filler, can be useful to reduce wrinkles, by showing evidence for its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sik Pak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hobin Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jeong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jinwook Jeong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byunghwi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sujin Oh
- Kyung Hee University Skin Biotechnology Center, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Iksoo Kim
- Pharmaresearch Products R&D Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Liu B, Uddin MH, Ng TW, Paterson DL, Velkov T, Li J, Fu J. In situ probing the interior of single bacterial cells at nanometer scale. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:415101. [PMID: 25257833 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/41/415101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel approach to probe the interior of single bacterial cells at nanometre resolution by combining focused ion beam (FIB) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). After removing layers of pre-defined thickness in the order of 100 nm on the target bacterial cells with FIB milling, AFM of different modes can be employed to probe the cellular interior under both ambient and aqueous environments. Our initial investigations focused on the surface topology induced by FIB milling and the hydration effects on AFM measurements, followed by assessment of the sample protocols. With fine-tuning of the process parameters, in situ AFM probing beneath the bacterial cell wall was achieved for the first time. We further demonstrate the proposed method by performing a spatial mapping of intracellular elasticity and chemistry of the multi-drug resistant strain Klebsiella pneumoniae cells prior to and after it was exposed to the 'last-line' antibiotic polymyxin B. Our results revealed increased stiffness occurring in both surface and interior regions of the treated cells, suggesting loss of integrity of the outer membrane from polymyxin treatments. In addition, the hydrophobicity measurement using a functionalized AFM tip was able to highlight the evident hydrophobic portion of the cell such as the regions containing cell membrane. We expect that the proposed FIB-AFM platform will help in gaining deeper insights of bacteria-drug interactions to develop potential strategies for combating multi-drug resistance.
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Campos PMBGM, Gianeti MD, Mercurio DG, Gaspar LR. Synergistic effects of green tea and ginkgo biloba extracts on the improvement of skin barrier function and elasticity. J Drugs Dermatol 2014; 13:1092-1097. [PMID: 25226010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cosmetic formulations containing green tea (GT) and/or Ginkgo biloba (GB) extracts by preclinical and clinical studies. For the preclinical study, histological analysis was performed after 5 day-period of formulations application on the dorsum of hairless mice. For the clinical study, the formulations were applied on the forearm skin of 48 volunteers, and assessed before and after 3 hours and after a 15 and 30 day-period of application. Histological analysis showed that the formulation with GT (FGT) and the association of GT and GB (FBlend) significantly enhanced viable epidermis thickness and the number of cell layers, suggesting a moisturizing effect in skin deeper layers and increased cell renewal. The clinical efficacy studies showed that the extracts had a moisturizing effect and improved skin microrelief. In addition they synergistically acted on the skin elasticity and skin barrier function. In conclusion, the formulation containing a combination of green tea and Ginkgo biloba extracts effectively improved skin conditions and the effect of formulation FBlend on the improvement of skin elasticity was more pronounced. Finally, the results of the present study revealed other important clinical benefits of Ginkgo biloba and green tea extracts on the skin besides their already known antioxidant action.
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Chen YQ, Chen CW, Ni YL, Huang YS, Lin O, Chien S, Sung LA, Chiou A. Effect of N-ethylmaleimide, chymotrypsin, and H₂O₂ on the viscoelasticity of human erythrocytes: experimental measurement and theoretical analysis. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:647-655. [PMID: 23963649 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The physiological functions of erythrocytes depend critically on their morphology, deformability, and aggregation capability in response to external physical and chemical stimuli. The dynamic deformability can be described in terms of their viscoelasticity. We applied jumping optical tweezers to trap and stretch individual red blood cells (RBCs) to characterize its viscoelasticity in terms of the Young's modulus and viscosity by analyzing the experimental data of dynamic deformation using a 2-parameter Kelvin solid model. The effects of three chemical agents (N -ethylmaleimide, Chymotrypsin, and Hydrogen peroxide) on RBC's mechanical properties were studied by comparing the Young's modulus and viscosity of RBCs with and without these chemical treatments. Although the effects of each of these chemicals on the molecular structures of RBC may not be exclusive, based on the dominant effect of each chemical, we attempted to dissect the main contributions of different constituents of the RBC membrane to its viscosity and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Quan Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Urs R, Lloyd HO, Silverman RH. Acoustic radiation force for noninvasive evaluation of corneal biomechanical changes induced by cross-linking therapy. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33:1417-26. [PMID: 25063407 PMCID: PMC4457329 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.8.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To noninvasively measure changes in corneal biomechanical properties induced by ultraviolet-activated riboflavin cross-linking therapy using acoustic radiation force (ARF). METHODS Cross-linking was performed on the right eyes of 6 rabbits, with the left eyes serving as controls. Acoustic radiation force was used to assess corneal stiffness before treatment and weekly for 4 weeks after treatment. Acoustic power levels were within US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for ophthalmic safety. Strain, determined from ARF-induced displacement of the front and back surfaces of the cornea, was fit to the Kelvin-Voigt model to determine the elastic modulus (E) and coefficient of viscosity (η). The stiffness factor, the ratio of E after treatment to E before treatment, was calculated for treated and control eyes. At the end of 4 weeks, ex vivo thermal shrinkage temperature analysis was performed for comparison with in vivo stiffness measurements. One-way analysis of variance and Student t tests were performed to test for differences in E, η, the stiffness factor, and corneal thickness. RESULTS Biomechanical stiffening was immediately evident in cross-linking-treated corneas. At 4 weeks after treatment, treated corneas were 1.3 times stiffer and showed significant changes in E (P= .006) and η (P= .007), with no significant effect in controls. Corneal thickness increased immediately after treatment but did not differ significantly from the pretreatment value at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a statistically significant increase in stiffness in cross-linking-treated rabbit corneas based on in vivo axial stress/strain measurements obtained using ARF. The capacity to noninvasively monitor corneal stiffness offers the potential for clinical monitoring of cross-linking therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Urs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York USA (R.U., H.O.L., R.H.S.); and Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research Institute, New York, New York USA (R.H.S.).
| | - Harriet O Lloyd
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York USA (R.U., H.O.L., R.H.S.); and Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research Institute, New York, New York USA (R.H.S.)
| | - Ronald H Silverman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York USA (R.U., H.O.L., R.H.S.); and Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research Institute, New York, New York USA (R.H.S.)
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Lourenço JD, Neves LP, Olivo CR, Duran A, Almeida FM, Arantes PMM, Prado CM, Leick EA, Tanaka AS, Martins MA, Sasaki SD, Lopes FDTQS. A treatment with a protease inhibitor recombinant from the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus) ameliorates emphysema in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98216. [PMID: 24886716 PMCID: PMC4041648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine whether a serine protease inhibitor treatment can prevent or minimize emphysema in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) nasal instillation to induce emphysema and were treated with a serine protease inhibitor (rBmTI-A) before (Protocol 1) and after (Protocol 2) emphysema development. In both protocols, we evaluated lung function to evaluate the airway resistance (Raw), tissue damping (Gtis) and tissue elastance (Htis). The inflammatory profile was analyzed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and through the use of morphometry; we measured the mean linear intercept (Lm) (to verify alveolar enlargement), the volume proportion of collagen and elastic fibers, and the numbers of macrophages and metalloprotease 12 (MMP-12) positive cells in the parenchyma. We showed that at both time points, even after the emphysema was established, the rBmTI-A treatment was sufficient to reverse the loss of elastic recoil measured by Htis, the alveolar enlargement and the increase in the total number of cells in the BALF, with a primary decrease in the number of macrophages. Although, the treatment did not control the increase in macrophages in the lung parenchyma, it was sufficient to decrease the number of positive cells for MMP-12 and reduce the volume of collagen fibers, which was increased in PPE groups. These findings attest to the importance of MMP-12 in PPE-induced emphysema and suggest that this metalloprotease could be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana P. Neves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, UFABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice R. Olivo
- Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Duran
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, UFABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla M. Prado
- Biological Science Department, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sergio D. Sasaki
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, UFABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Cucoş M, Crişan M, Lenghel M, Dudea M, Croitoru R, Dudea SM. Conventional ultrasonography and sonoelastography in the assessment of plaque psoriasis under topical corticosteroid treatment - work in progress. Med Ultrason 2014; 16:107-113. [PMID: 24791841 DOI: 10.11152/mu.2013.2066.162.mc1mc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study was to compare the efficiency of 20 MHz skin ultrasonography and 40 MHz conventional ultrasonography in the assessment of plaque psoriasis and to assess the efficiency of 40 MHz real-time sonoelastography in the early detection of steroid-induced skin atrophy in psoriatic plaques. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ultrasonographic blinded evaluation was performed on 16 plaques in three consecutive patients, at baseline and after hydrocortisone acetate 1% ointment six-week application. The parameters were epidermal and dermal thicknesses for gray-scale ultrasonography and strain ratio for sonoelastography. Strain ratio was computed between the dermis and the adjacent hypodermis. Student's t-test for paired samples was performed. A confidence level of p<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS At follow-up, epidermal thickness was significantly reduced with 20 MHz (p = .002) and 40 MHz sonography (p = .032), while dermal thickness varied insignifcantly with 20 MHz (p = .35) and 40 MHz sonography (p = .33). Measurements at 40 MHz were significantly higher than their 20 MHz counterparts at baseline (epidermis: p < .001; dermis: p = .003) and at follow-up (epidermis: p < .001; dermis: p = .001). Strain ratio revealed no significant change of dermal elasticity (p = .96). CONCLUSIONS Although epidermal and dermal measurements varied significantly with 20 MHz and 40 MHz ultrasonography, both techniques efficiently quantified treatment response by measuring the reduction of epidermal thickness. Sonoelastographic findings were consistent with the expected outcome of short-term use of low-potency corticosteroid. Further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cucoş
- Radiology Department "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maria Crişan
- Histology Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Lenghel
- Radiology Department "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Dudea
- Radiology Department "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Croitoru
- Histology Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin M Dudea
- Radiology Department "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Méndez JA, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Vázquez B, San Román J. Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:798-811. [PMID: 24121253 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. The stiffness was strongly influenced by the degree of oxidation of the crosslinker. Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Gómez-Mascaraque
- CIBER-BBN, Ebro River Campus, R&D Building, Block 5, Floor 1, Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto Méndez
- Escola Politècnica Superior, Edifici PI, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Mar Fernández-Gutiérrez
- CIBER-BBN, Ebro River Campus, R&D Building, Block 5, Floor 1, Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez
- CIBER-BBN, Ebro River Campus, R&D Building, Block 5, Floor 1, Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- CIBER-BBN, Ebro River Campus, R&D Building, Block 5, Floor 1, Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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