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Thakre N, Carver M, Paredes-Montero JR, Mondal M, Hu J, Saberi E, Ponvert N, Qureshi JA, Brown JK. UV-LASER adjuvant-surfactant-facilitated delivery of mobile dsRNA to tomato plant vasculature and evidence of biological activity by gene knockdown in the potato psyllid. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2141-2153. [PMID: 38146104 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) biopesticides are of interest for the abatement of insect vectors of pathogenic bacteria such as 'Candidatus Liberibacter', which infects both its psyllid and plant hosts. Silencing of genes essential for psyllids, or for Liberibacter, is anticipated to lead to mortality or impeded bacterial multiplication. Foliar delivery is preferred for biopesticide application; however, the cuticle impedes dsRNA penetration into the vasculature. Here, conditions were established for wounding tomato leaves using ultraviolet light amplification by stimulated emissions of radiation (UV-LASER) to promote dsRNA penetration into leaves and vasculature. RESULTS UV-LASER treatment with application of select adjuvants/surfactants resulted in vascular delivery of 100-, 300- and 600-bp dsRNAs that, in general, were correlated with size. The 100-bp dsRNA required no pretreatment, whereas 300- and 600-bp dsRNAs entered the vasculature after UV-LASER treatment only and UV-LASER adjuvant/surfactant treatment, respectively. Of six adjuvant/surfactants evaluated, plant-derived oil combined with an anionic organosilicon compound performed most optimally. Localization of dsRNAs in the tomato vasculature was documented using fluorometry and fluorescence confocal microscopy. The biological activity of in planta-delivered dsRNA (200-250 bp) was determined by feeding third-instar psyllids on tomato leaves post UV-LASER adjuvant/surfactant treatment, with or without psyllid cdc42- and gelsolin dsRNAs. Gene knockdown was quantified by quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) amplification. At 10 days post the ingestion-access period, knockdown of cdc42 and gelsolin expression was 61% and 56%, respectively, indicating that the dsRNAs delivered to the tomato vasculature were mobile and biologically active. CONCLUSION Results indicated that UV-LASER adjuvant/surfactant treatments facilitated the delivery of mobile, biologically active dsRNA molecules to the plant vasculature. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakre
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan Carver
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jorge R Paredes-Montero
- Biology Department, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Mosharrof Mondal
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiahuai Hu
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Esmaeil Saberi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ponvert
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, USA
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Manzoor HB, Asare-Werehene M, Pereira SD, Satyamoorthy K, Tsang BK. The regulation of plasma gelsolin by DNA methylation in ovarian cancer chemo-resistance. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:15. [PMID: 38216951 PMCID: PMC10785480 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and chemoresistance remains a major hurdle to successful therapy and survival of OVCA patients. Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is highly expressed in chemoresistant OVCA compared with their chemosensitive counterparts, although the mechanism underlying the differential expression is not known. Also, its overexpression significantly correlates with shortened survival of OVCA patients. In this study, we investigated the methylation role of Ten eleven translocation isoform-1 (TET1) in the regulation of differential pGSN expression and chemosensitivity in OVCA cells. METHODS Chemosensitive and resistant OVCA cell lines of different histological subtypes were used in this study to measure pGSN and TET1 mRNA abundance (qPCR) as well as protein contents (Western blotting). To investigate the role of DNA methylation specifically in pGSN regulation and pGSN-induced chemoresistance, DNMTs and TETs were pharmacologically inhibited in sensitive and resistant OVCA cells using specific inhibitors. DNA methylation was quantified using EpiTYPER MassARRAY system. Gain-and-loss-of-function assays were used to investigate the relationship between TET1 and pGSN in OVCA chemoresponsiveness. RESULTS We observed differential protein and mRNA expressions of pGSN and TET1 between sensitive and resistant OVCA cells and cisplatin reduced their expression in sensitive but not in resistant cells. We observed hypomethylation at pGSN promoter upstream region in resistant cells compared to sensitive cells. Pharmacological inhibition of DNMTs increased pGSN protein levels in sensitive OVCA cells and decreased their responsiveness to cisplatin, however we did not observe any difference in methylation level at pGSN promoter region. TETs inhibition resulted in hypermethylation at multiple CpG sites and decreased pGSN protein level in resistant OVCA cells which was also associated with enhanced response to cisplatin, findings that suggested the methylation role of TETs in the regulation of pGSN expression in OVCA cells. Further, we found that TET1 is inversely related to pGSN but positively related to chemoresponsiveness of OVCA cells. CONCLUSION Our findings broaden our knowledge about the epigenetic regulation of pGSN in OVCA chemoresistance and reveal a novel potential target to re-sensitize resistant OVCA cells. This may provide a future therapeutic strategy to improve the overall OVCA patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Bushra Manzoor
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, & The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Satyajit Dey Pereira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Manjushree Block, Manjushree Nagar Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580 009, India
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, & The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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3
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Kast DJ, Jansen S. Purification of modified mammalian actin isoforms for in vitro reconstitution assays. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151363. [PMID: 37778219 PMCID: PMC10872616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro reconstitution assays using purified actin have greatly improved our understanding of cytoskeletal dynamics and their regulation by actin-binding proteins. However, early purification methods consisted of harsh conditions to obtain pure actin and often did not include correct maturation and obligate modification of the isolated actin monomers. Novel insights into the folding requirements and N-terminal processing of actin as well as a better understanding of the interaction of actin with monomer sequestering proteins such as DNaseI, profilin and gelsolin, led to the development of more gentle approaches to obtain pure recombinant actin isoforms with known obligate modifications. This review summarizes the approaches that can be employed to isolate natively folded endogenous and recombinant actin from tissues and cells. We further emphasize the use and limitations of each method and describe how these methods can be implemented to study actin PTMs, disease-related actin mutations and novel actin-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kast
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
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Mendelson L, Prokaeva T, Lau KHV, Sanchorawala V, McCausland K, Spencer B, Dasari S, McPhail ED, Kaku MC. Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis: a rare cause of cranial, peripheral and autonomic neuropathies linked to D187N and Y447H substitutions. Amyloid 2023; 30:357-363. [PMID: 37140928 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2204999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary gelsolin (AGel) amyloidosis is a systemic disease that is characterised by neurologic, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, and other organ involvements. We describe the clinical features with a focus on neurological manifestations in a cohort of patients with AGel amyloidosis referred to the Amyloidosis Centre in the United States. METHODS Fifteen patients with AGel amyloidosis were included in the study between 2005 and 2022 with the permission of the Institutional Review Board. Data were collected from the prospectively maintained clinical database, electronic medical records and telephone interviews. RESULTS Neurologic manifestations were featured in 15 patients: cranial neuropathy in 93%, peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in 57% and bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in 73% of cases. A novel p.Y474H gelsolin variant featured a unique clinical phenotype that differed from the one associated with the most common variant of AGel amyloidosis. DISCUSSION We report high rates of cranial and peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome and autonomic dysfunction in patients with systemic AGel amyloidosis. The awareness of these features will enable earlier diagnosis and timely screening for end-organ dysfunction. The characterisation of pathophysiology will assist the development of therapeutic options in AGel amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mendelson
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana Prokaeva
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K H Vincent Lau
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurology Department, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vaishali Sanchorawala
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian Spencer
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen D McPhail
- Department of Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle C Kaku
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurology Department, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Alsofyani AA, Nedjadi T. Gelsolin, an Actin-Binding Protein: Bioinformatic Analysis and Functional Significance in Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15763. [PMID: 37958747 PMCID: PMC10647509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the actin-regulatory protein, gelsolin (GSN), in neoplastic transformation has been reported in different cancers including bladder cancer. However, the exact mechanism by which GSN influences bladder cancer development is not well understood. Here, we sought to reveal the functional significance of GSN in bladder cancer by undertaking a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of TCGA datasets and through the assessment of multiple biological functions. GSN expression was knocked down in bladder cancer cell lines with two siRNA isoforms targeting GSN. Proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were carried out. GSN expression, enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction and immune infiltration analysis were verified through online TCGA tools. The data indicated that GSN expression is associated with bladder cancer proliferation, migration and enhanced cell apoptosis through regulation of NF-κB expression. GSN expression correlated with various inflammatory cells and may influence the immunity of the tumor microenvironment. Computational analysis identified several interacting partners which are associated with cancer progression and patient outcome. The present results demonstrate that GSN plays an important role in bladder cancer pathogenesis and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia;
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Kiernan MF, Gillmore JD, Gupta T. Slowly progressive descending facial nerve paralysis indicates hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis. Lancet 2023; 401:2072. [PMID: 37330746 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miles Finbar Kiernan
- Department of Ophthalmology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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Chen Q, Jia D, Ren J, Cheng Y, Wu H, Guo S, Wei T. VDAC1 balances mitophagy and apoptosis in leafhopper upon arbovirus infection. Autophagy 2023; 19:1678-1692. [PMID: 36409297 PMCID: PMC10262772 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a form of autophagy that selectively removes damaged mitochondria and attenuates mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis during viral infection, but how arboviruses balance mitophagy and apoptosis to facilitate persistent viral infection in insect vectors without causing evident fitness cost remains elusive. Here, we identified mitochondrial VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) that could be hijacked by nonstructural protein Pns11 of rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus, to synergistically activate pro-viral extensive mitophagy and limited apoptosis in leafhopper vectors. The direct target of fibrillar structures constructed by Pns11 with VDAC1 induced mitochondrial degeneration. Moreover, the degenerated mitochondria were recruited into Pns11-induced phagophores to initiate mitophagy via interaction of VDAC1 with Pns11 and an autophagy protein, ATG8. Such mitophagy mediated by Pns11 and VDAC1 required the classical PRKN/Parkin-PINK1 pathway. VDAC1 regulates apoptosis by controlling the release of apoptotic signaling molecules through its pore, while the anti-apoptotic protein GSN (gelsolin) could bind to VDAC1 pore. We demonstrated that the interaction of Pns11 with VDAC1 and gelsolin decreased VDAC1 expression but increased GSN expression, which prevented the extensive apoptotic response in virus-infected regions. Meanwhile, virus-induced mitophagy also effectively prevented extensive apoptotic response to decrease apoptosis-caused insect fitness cost. The subsequent fusion of virus-loaded mitophagosomes with lysosomes is prevented, and thus such mitophagosomes are exploited for persistent spread of virions within insect bodies. Our results reveal a new strategy for arboviruses to balance and exploit mitophagy and apoptosis, resulting in an optimal intracellular environment for persistent viral propagation in insect vectors.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CYCS/CytC: cytochrome c, somatic; dsGSN: double-stranded RNAs targeting GSN/gelsolin; dsGFP: double-stranded RNAs targeting green fluorescent protein; dsPRKN: double-stranded RNAs targeting PRKN; dsPns11: double-stranded RNAs targeting Pns11; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; EC: epithelia cell; GST: glutathione S-transferase; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; Mito: mitochondrion; Mmg: middle midgut; MP, mitophagosome; PG, phagophore. padp: post-first access to diseased plants; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; RGDV: rice gall dwarf virus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiping Ren
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shude Guo
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Panagopoulos I, Andersen K, Brunetti M, Gorunova L, Lund-Iversen M, Micci F, Heim S. Fusion of the High-mobility Group AT-Hook 2 ( HMGA2) and the Gelsolin ( GSN) Genes in Lipomas With t(9;12)(q33;q14) Chromosomal Translocation. In Vivo 2023; 37:524-530. [PMID: 36881074 PMCID: PMC10026638 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lipomas are benign tumors composed of mature fat cells. They are common soft tissue tumors that often carry chromosome aberrations involving 12q14 resulting in rearrangements, deregulation, and generation of chimeras of the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 gene (HMGA2) which maps in 12q14.3. In the present study, we report the finding of t(9;12)(q33;q14) translocation in lipomas and describe its molecular consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four lipomas from two male and two female adult patients were selected because their neoplastic cells carried a t(9;12)(q33;q14) as the sole karyotypic aberration. The tumors were investigated using RNA sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing techniques. RESULTS RNA sequencing of a t(9;12)(q33;q14)-lipoma detected an in-frame fusion of HMGA2 with the gelsolin gene (GSN) from 9q33. RT-PCR together with Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of an HMGA2::GSN chimera in the tumor as well as in two other tumors from which RNA was available. The chimera was predicted to code for an HMGA2::GSN protein which would contain the three AT-hook domains of HMGA2 and the entire functional part of GSN. CONCLUSION t(9;12)(q33;q14) is a recurrent cytogenetic aberration in lipomas and generates an HMGA2::GSN chimera. Similar to what is seen in other rearrangements of HMGA2 in mesenchymal tumors, the translocation physically separates the part of HMGA2 encoding AT-hook domains from the gene's 3'-terminal part which contains elements that normally regulate HMGA2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Brunetti
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Antunes Cunha I, Brás A, Silva F, Matos A. Familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type: clinical and neurophysiological features of two index cases. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e245764. [PMID: 36379630 PMCID: PMC9668035 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF) is a rare multisystemic disorder caused by mutations in the gelsolin gene. The clinical presentation is typically characterised by a triad of ophthalmic, neurological and dermatological findings. FAF has been reported in several countries, primarily in Finland and recently in Portugal. We report the first genetically confirmed cases of FAF from two unrelated families in our neuromuscular outpatient clinic. Gelsolin gene sequencing revealed the heterozygous gelsolin mutation (c.640G>A). The clinical features and the neurophysiological studies of two index patients and their relatives are presented. Obtaining an early diagnosis can be challenging, but FAF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of progressive bilateral facial neuropathy, even if there is no known Finnish ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Antunes Cunha
- Neurology Deparment, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Brás
- Neurology Deparment, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Silva
- Neurology Deparment, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Matos
- Neurology Deparment, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Galindo-Bocero J, García-Martínez I, Portillo M, Hernando Acero I, García-González N. Clinical and genetical diagnosis of a case of Meretoja syndrome and frontotemporal lifting procedure. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2022; 97:583-586. [PMID: 36114141 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 56-year-old male with family background of corneal dystrophy presents with poor subjective vision. Biomicroscopy reveals bilateral reticular stromal dystrophy and facial inspection shows signs of muscle dysfunction, such as eyebrow ptosis, weakness and sagging of the frontal muscles, redundant skin on the forehead and skin hyperelasticity. The patient is referred to Plastic Surgery for evaluation of the frontal muscle involvement, undergoing a frontotemporal lifting procedure. On the other hand, genetics confirms the pathogenic variant c.640G>A (p.Asp214Asn) in the GSN gene, encoding gelsolin, a mutation associated with Finnish-type familial amyloidosis or Meretoja syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Galindo-Bocero
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
| | - I García-Martínez
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - M Portillo
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - I Hernando Acero
- Unidad de Genética, Área de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - N García-González
- Unidad de Genética, Área de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Mazurkiewicz E, Makowiecka A, Mrówczyńska E, Kopernyk I, Nowak D, Mazur AJ. Gelsolin Contributes to the Motility of A375 Melanoma Cells and This Activity Is Mediated by the Fibrous Extracellular Matrix Protein Profile. Cells 2021; 10:1848. [PMID: 34440617 PMCID: PMC8394273 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin melanocytes reside on the basement membrane (BM), which is mainly composed of laminin, collagen type IV, and proteoglycans. For melanoma cells, in order to invade into the skin, melanocytes must cross the BM. It has been reported that changes in the composition of the BM accompany melanocytes tumorigenesis. Previously, we reported high gelsolin (GSN)-an actin-binding protein-levels in melanoma cell lines and GSN's importance for migration of A375 cells. Here we investigate whether melanoma cells migrate differently depending on the type of fibrous extracellular matrix protein. We obtained A375 melanoma cells deprived of GSN synthesis and tested their migratory properties on laminin, collagens type I and IV, fibronectin, and Matrigel, which resembles the skin's BM. We applied confocal and structured illuminated microscopy (SIM), gelatin degradation, and diverse motility assays to assess GSN's influence on parameters associated with cells' ability to protrude. We show that GSN is important for melanoma cell migration, predominantly on laminin, which is one of the main components of the skin's BM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.M.); (A.M.); (E.M.); (I.K.); (D.N.)
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12
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Minnella AM, Rissotto R, Antoniazzi E, Di Girolamo M, Luigetti M, Maceroni M, Bacherini D, Falsini B, Rizzo S, Obici L. Ocular Involvement in Hereditary Amyloidosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:955. [PMID: 34206500 PMCID: PMC8304974 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The term amyloidosis describes a group of rare diseases caused by protein conformation abnormalities resulting in extracellular deposition and accumulation of insoluble fibrillar aggregates. So far, 36 amyloid precursor proteins have been identified, and each one is responsible for a specific disease entity. Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is one of the most common forms of systemic and ocular amyloidosis, due to the deposition of transthyretin (TTR), which is a transport protein mainly synthesized in the liver but also in the retinal pigment epithelial cells. ATTRv amyloidosis may be misdiagnosed with several other conditions, resulting in a significant diagnostic delay. Gelsolin and keratoepithelin are other proteins that, when mutated, are responsible for a systemic amyloid disease with significant ocular manifestations that not infrequently appear before systemic involvement. The main signs of ocular amyloid deposition are in the cornea, irido-corneal angle and vitreous, causing complications related to vasculopathy and neuropathy at the local level. This review aims at describing the main biochemical, histopathological and clinical features of systemic amyloidosis associated with eye involvement, with particular emphasis on the inherited forms. We discuss currently available treatments, focusing on ocular involvement and specific ophthalmologic management and highlighting the importance of a prompt treatment for the potential sight-threatening complications derived from amyloid deposition in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maria Minnella
- Dipartimento Universitario Testa-Collo Rgani di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (B.F.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Rissotto
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Antoniazzi
- Institute of Ophthalmolgy, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marco Di Girolamo
- Former Director “Presidio Ambulatoriale per le Amiloidosi Sistemiche” Fatebenefratelli “San Giovanni Calibita” Hospital, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS. UOC Neurologia, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Maceroni
- Dipartimento Universitario Testa-Collo Rgani di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (B.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniela Bacherini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Eye Clinic, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Dipartimento Universitario Testa-Collo Rgani di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (B.F.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Dipartimento Universitario Testa-Collo Rgani di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (B.F.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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13
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Abad-Morales V, Barbany M, Gris O, Güell JL, Pomares E. Coexistence of Meesmann Corneal Dystrophy and a Pseudo-Unilateral Lattice Corneal Dystrophy in a Patient With a Novel Pathogenic Variant in the Keratin K3 Gene: A Case Report. Cornea 2021; 40:370-372. [PMID: 33346999 PMCID: PMC7861493 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to clinically and genetically report a case of coexisting Meesmann corneal dystrophy (MECD) and pseudo-unilateral lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD). METHODS Clinical characterization was supported by a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including visual acuity measurement and slit-lamp examination. Molecular diagnosis was performed by whole-exome sequencing analyzing the gelsolin, keratin K3 (KRT3), keratin K12, and transforming growth factor-beta-induced genes. RESULTS A 57-year-old woman presented with recurrent corneal erosions over 17 years and visual impairment in both eyes. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed multiple central tiny cysts in the epithelium of both eyes and lattice linear lesions only in the right cornea. In both eyes, a corneal posterior crocodile shagreen degeneration could also be observed. These findings were compatible with a MECD and a unilateral LCD. Molecular analysis identified the novel heterozygous nucleotide substitution c.1492G>A (amino acid change p.Glu498Lys) in the KRT3 gene, in cosegregation with the MECD familial phenotype. However, no genetic evidence supported the unique LCD phenotype observed in the patient. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pseudo-unilateral LCD in a patient with coexistent MECD. Moreover, the genetic analysis showed a novel mutation in the previously MECD-associated gene KRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Abad-Morales
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Miriam Barbany
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Gris
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Güell
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Pomares
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), Barcelona, Spain; and
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14
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Potrč M, Volk M, de Rosa M, Pižem J, Teran N, Jaklič H, Maver A, Drnovšek-Olup B, Bollati M, Vogelnik K, Hočevar A, Gornik A, Pfeifer V, Peterlin B, Hawlina M, Fakin A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Gelsolin Amyloidosis Associated with a Novel GSN Variant p.Glu580Lys. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031084. [PMID: 33499149 PMCID: PMC7865823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gelsolin amyloidosis is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease, which typically affects the cornea, skin and sometimes other organ systems and is caused by mutations in a gene coding for gelsolin protein (GSN). We describe a novel mutation of GSN gene, p.Glu580Lys, associated with gelsolin amyloidosis in six members of a two-generation family, who exhibited lattice corneal dystrophy, loose facial skin and irregular heart rhythm. In one patient we reported optic nerve impairment, which is possibly a novel feature associated with gelsolin amyloidosis. Abstract Gelsolin amyloidosis typically presents with corneal lattice dystrophy and is most frequently associated with pathogenic GSN variant p.Asp214Asn. Here we report clinical and histopathological features of gelsolin amyloidosis associated with a novel GSN variant p.Glu580Lys. We studied DNA samples of seven members of a two-generation family. Exome sequencing was performed in the proband, and targeted Sanger sequencing in the others. The heterozygous GSN variant p.Glu580Lys was identified in six patients. The patients exhibited corneal dystrophy (5/6), loose skin (5/6) and/or heart arrhythmia (3/6) and one presented with bilateral optic neuropathy. The impact of the mutation on the protein structure was evaluated in silico. The substitution is located in the fifth domain of gelsolin protein, homologous to the second domain harboring the most common pathogenic variant p.Asp214Asn. Structural investigation revealed that the mutation might affect protein folding. Histopathological analysis showed amyloid deposits in the skin. The p.Glu580Lys is associated with corneal dystrophy, strengthening the association of the fifth domain of gelsolin protein with the typical amyloidosis phenotype. Furthermore, optic neuropathy may be related to the disease and is essential to identify before discussing corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potrč
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Marija Volk
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.d.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jože Pižem
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Teran
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Helena Jaklič
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Brigita Drnovšek-Olup
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Michela Bollati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.d.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Katarina Vogelnik
- Department of Neurology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Alojzija Hočevar
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ana Gornik
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Vladimir Pfeifer
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Overmyer KA, Shishkova E, Miller IJ, Balnis J, Bernstein MN, Peters-Clarke TM, Meyer JG, Quan Q, Muehlbauer LK, Trujillo EA, He Y, Chopra A, Chieng HC, Tiwari A, Judson MA, Paulson B, Brademan DR, Zhu Y, Serrano LR, Linke V, Drake LA, Adam AP, Schwartz BS, Singer HA, Swanson S, Mosher DF, Stewart R, Coon JJ, Jaitovich A. Large-Scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity. Cell Syst 2021; 12:23-40.e7. [PMID: 33096026 PMCID: PMC7543711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed RNA-seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients with diverse disease severities and outcomes. Quantified transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many of which were involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Overmyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ian J Miller
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Qiuwen Quan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Edna A Trujillo
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hau C Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Brett Paulson
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dain R Brademan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lia R Serrano
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Vanessa Linke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lisa A Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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16
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Mohanty L, Henderson RD, McCombe PA, Lee A. Levels of clusterin, CD5L, ficolin-3, and gelsolin in ALS patients and controls. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:631-634. [PMID: 32558599 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1779303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there is a need for biomarkers to distinguish patients from controls, to follow disease progression and to provide information about the pathogenesis of disease. In a previous mass spectrometry study that searched for potential proteins of interest, we identified clusterin, CD5L, ficolin-3, and gelsolin as molecules that differed in abundance between ALS patients and controls, with a greater difference in patients with cognitive impairment. Here, we have measured levels of these molecules in plasma from a separate cohort of ALS patients and controls. The plasma was depleted of abundant plasma proteins. We confirmed our previous findings that levels of clusterin are decreased and ficolin-3 are increased in ALS patients compared to controls. In this study, we found that levels of CD5L were increased in patients with ALS and levels correlated with survival. We found that levels of gelsolin were modestly increased in ALS compared to controls whereas in our previous study these were decreased, especially in patients with cognitive impairment who were not included in this study. We suggest that clusterin and ficolin-3 deserve further study as potential ALS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Mohanty
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and
| | - Robert D Henderson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aven Lee
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and
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17
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Abolhasani S, Rajabibazl M, Khani MM, Parandakh A, Hoseinpoor R. The cooperative effects of micro-grooved topography and TGF-β1 on the vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression of the mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2020; 115:22-29. [PMID: 32784008 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell morphological changes induced by micro-grooved topography have been shown to be an important regulator of smooth muscle (SM) differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition to the micro-grooved topography, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can also modulate MSCs differentiation towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through alterations in cell morphological characteristics. Thus, it can be hypothesized that substrate topography and TGF-β1 may interact to facilitate differentiation of MSCs into SMCs. In this study, we investigated the time-course cooperative effects of substrate topography and TGF-β1 in the regulation of SM differentiation of human MSCs. Western blotting, followed by image analysis, was performed to assess the protein expression of α-actin, h1-calponin and gelsolin. Three-way analysis of variance was employed to investigate the main effect of each independent variable, i.e. TGF-β1 conditioning, substrate topography and culture time, along with the interactions of these variables. Each of TGF-β1, substrate topography and culture time significantly affected the protein expression of α-actin, h1-calponin and gelsolin. Overall, TGF-β1 conditioning of the cells and culturing the cells on the micro-grooved substrate resulted in greater protein expression of α-actin and h1-calponin, and lesser protein expression of gelsolin. In addition to the isolated effects of the variables, treatment type interacted with substrate topography and culture time to regulate the expression of the above-mentioned proteins. This study indicated the feasibility of promoting SM differentiation of human MSCs by simultaneous recruitment of micro-grooved topography and TGF-β1. The findings could be of assistance when effective utilization of chemo-physical cues is needed to achieve functional SMC-like MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhavat Abolhasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azim Parandakh
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reyhaneh Hoseinpoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Yan W, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cheng L, Li Y. Identification of a novel premature stop codon and other recurrent variations in the porcine gelsolin gene. Gene 2020; 754:144879. [PMID: 32531458 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin is an actin-binding protein that plays a significant role in sustaining cell motility and cell metabolism. Investigations of the mutations present in the key regions of gelsolin provide extensive information to further understand the mechanism by which gelsolin causes variation in the phenotype [e.g., residual feed intake (RFI) or feed efficiency ]of pigs. However, there have been no investigations of the variation in functional binding regions or research on Chinese native pigs. In this study, three key regions of gelsolin were investigated in 144 pigs from six breeds using a sequencing method. The results revealed 16 nucleotide substitutions, eight of which (c.42-13G/T, c.59 T/C, c.86C/T, c.87G/T, c.104C/T, c.144 T/C, c.206G/C, and c.237 + 21A/G) were novel and identified in intron 1, exon 2, and intron 2. Two variants (c.87G/T and c.144 T/C) resulted in a premature stop codon (p.Gly16Uga(Stop)) and an amino acid change (p.Tyr35His), respectively. In region 1, c.144 T/C was the most common (at a total frequency of 46.5%), followed by c.42-13G/T (at a total frequency of 41.7%). In region 2, two variants (c.350A/G and c.374A/G) were most common (both at a total frequency of 36.1%). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in variant frequencies between Chinese indigenous pigs and overseas pigs. Our findings revealed one novel premature stop codon and eight novel variations in re-sequencing regions, which suggest that these variations of gelsolin may influence its mRNA expression and consequently affect production traits in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Juyin Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3647, Australia
| | - Yanqing Li
- IPIG Management Consulting Company Limited, Guangzhou 511457, China
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19
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Liu XH, Ma J, Feng JX, Feng Y, Zhang YF, Liu LX. Regulation and related mechanism of GSN mRNA level by hnRNPK in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biol Chem 2019; 400:951-963. [PMID: 30771276 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN) is an actin filament-capping protein that plays a key role in cell migration. Here we show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) regulates GSN expression level by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of GSN mRNA in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) H1299 cells which are highly metastatic and express high level of GSN. We found that hnRNPK overexpression increased the mRNA and protein level of GSN, whereas hnRNPK knockdown by siRNA decreased the mRNA and protein level of GSN in both H1299 and A549 cells, indicating a positive role of hnRNPK in the regulation of GSN expression. Furthermore, hnRNPK knockdown affected the migration ability of H1299 and A549 cells which could be rescued by ectopic expression of GSN in those cells. Conversely, GSN knockdown in hnRNPK-overexpressing cells could abort the stimulatory effect of hnRNPK on the cell migration. These results suggest that hnRNPK function in the regulation of cell migration is GSN-dependent. Taken together, these data unveiled a new mechanism of regulation of the GSN expression by hnRNPK and provides new clues for the discovery of new anti-metastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun-Xia Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Lang-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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20
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Patel VB, Zhabyeyev P, Chen X, Wang F, Paul M, Fan D, McLean BA, Basu R, Zhang P, Shah S, Dawson JF, Pyle WG, Hazra M, Kassiri Z, Hazra S, Vanhaesebroeck B, McCulloch CA, Oudit GY. PI3Kα-regulated gelsolin activity is a critical determinant of cardiac cytoskeletal remodeling and heart disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5390. [PMID: 30568254 PMCID: PMC6300608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stress and cytoskeletal remodeling are key determinants of cellular homeostasis and tissue responses to mechanical stimuli and injury. Here we document the increased activity of gelsolin, an actin filament severing and capping protein, in failing human hearts. Deletion of gelsolin prevents biomechanical stress-induced adverse cytoskeletal remodeling and heart failure in mice. We show that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) lipid suppresses gelsolin actin-severing and capping activities. Accordingly, loss of PI3Kα, the key PIP3-producing enzyme in the heart, increases gelsolin-mediated actin-severing activities in the myocardium in vivo, resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy in response to pressure-overload. Mechanical stretching of adult PI3Kα-deficient cardiomyocytes disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, which is prevented by reconstituting cells with PIP3. The actin severing and capping activities of recombinant gelsolin are effectively suppressed by PIP3. Our data identify the role of gelsolin-driven cytoskeletal remodeling in heart failure in which PI3Kα/PIP3 act as negative regulators of gelsolin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav B Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, HMRB-71, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Xueyi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Faqi Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada, 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Dong Fan
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, HMRC-407, 116 St 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Brent A McLean
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, HMRC-407, 116 St 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Ratnadeep Basu
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, HMRC-407, 116 St 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Pu Zhang
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, HMRC-407, 116 St 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Saumya Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - John F Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Centre of Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Centre of Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mousumi Hazra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, HMRC-407, 116 St 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 2C2, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, HMRC-407, 116 St 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Sridharan M, Highsmith WE, Kurtin PJ, Zimmermann MT, Theis JD, Dasari S, Dingli D. A Patient With Hereditary ATTR and a Novel AGel p.Ala578Pro Amyloidosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:1678-1682. [PMID: 30093168 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary amyloidosis represents a group of diseases in which mutant proteins are deposited in various organs leading to their dysfunction. Correct identification of the amyloid-causing protein is critical because this will determine the optimal therapy for the patient. The most common type of hereditary amyloidosis is due to mutant transthyretin (ATTRm) deposition and often presents with heart failure or peripheral neuropathy. We report the first known case of a patient who had amyloidosis both due to a mutant transthyretin (p.Val122Ile) and due to a novel variant in the gelsolin gene (p.Ala578Pro). Both mutant proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis of amyloid deposits as well as sequencing of the genes. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the gelsolin p.Ala578Pro variant is likely amyloidogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Sridharan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - W Edward Highsmith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paul J Kurtin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jason D Theis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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22
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Kim JC, Ha YJ, Tak KH, Roh SA, Kwon YH, Kim CW, Yoon YS, Lee JL, Park Y, Kim SK, Kim SY, Cho DH, Kim YS. Opposite functions of GSN and OAS2 on colorectal cancer metastasis, mediating perineural and lymphovascular invasion, respectively. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202856. [PMID: 30148861 PMCID: PMC6110496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify molecules associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) and to examine their biological behavior in colorectal cancer (CRC). LVI- and PNI-associated molecules were identified and verified using sequential processes including (1) identification of 117 recurrence-associated genes differentially expressed on RNA-seq analysis using primary cancer tissues from 130 CRC patients with and without systemic recurrence; (2) analysis of molecules associated with LVI and PNI; (3) assessment of biological properties by measuring proliferation, anoikis, invasion/migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy flux; and (4) verification of disease-free survival using public datasets. Gelsolin (GSN) and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) were associated with PNI and LVI, respectively. Invasion potential was >2-fold greater in GSN-overexpressing LoVo cells than in control cells (p<0.001–0.005), whereas OAS2-overexpressing RKO cells showed reduced invasion (p<0.001–0.005). GSN downregulated E-cadherin, β-catenin, claudin-1 and snail, and upregulated N-cadherin and ZEB1, whereas OAS2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Several autophagy-related proteins including ATG5-12, ATG6/BECN1, ATG7 and ATG101 were downregulated in GSN-overexpressing LoVo cells, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in OAS2-overexpressing RKO cells. Patients with low GSN expression had significantly higher 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates than those with GSN overexpression (73.6% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.038), whereas RFS was longer in patients with OAS2 overexpression than in those with underexpression (73.4% vs. 63.7%, p = 0.01). In conclusion, GSN and OAS2 were positively and negatively associated with recurrence, respectively, suggesting their potential value as predictors of recurrence or therapeutic targets in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheon Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JCK); (DHC); (YSK)
| | - Ye Jin Ha
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ka Hee Tak
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Ae Roh
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi Hong Kwon
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Wook Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Sik Yoon
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Lyul Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yangsoon Park
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail: (JCK); (DHC); (YSK)
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JCK); (DHC); (YSK)
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23
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Garg R, Peddada N, Dolma K, Khatri N, Ashish. Pregnancy-related hormones, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin, upregulate expression of maternal plasma gelsolin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R509-R522. [PMID: 29341830 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00131.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN), a protein primarily involved in clearance of circulating actin filaments, is an upcoming novel biomarker. Its level changes in multiple disease and injury conditions, attributable mainly to its consumption during actin clearance; the endogenous regulation of its expression, however, remains elusive as well as unexplored. Here, we are reporting the first isolation of the promoter region of pGSN gene and investigation of its transcriptional regulation during pregnancy (a natural process associated with a well-programmed injury course of parturition). Interestingly, two of the pregnancy-related hormones, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and progesterone, significantly upregulated pGSN promoter activity in muscle cells. This action of both hormones was found to mediate through their respective cellular receptors and involved a contribution of multiple signaling pathways including those of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, epidermal growth factor receptor and prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 in the case of hCG-mediated upregulation. This novel upregulation was further supported by elevated levels of endogenous pGSN transcripts as well as secreted protein upon hormonal treatments of muscle cells compared with untreated controls. A participation of pGSN promoter cis-elements, capable of interacting with endogenous transcription factors, Ap1, Sp1, and p300, was also observed during this hormonal upregulation. Additionally, the augmented pGSN levels observed in pregnant mice compared with the control animals further supported an upregulation of this protein during pregnancy, implicating vital role(s) played by pGSN during this period in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Garg
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Nagesh Peddada
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Kunzes Dolma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Neeraj Khatri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Ashish
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
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24
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Huerva V, Velasco A, Sánchez MC, Mateo AJ, Matías-Guiu X. Lattice Corneal Dystrophy Type II: Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular Study in a Spanish Family. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 17:424-9. [PMID: 17534828 DOI: 10.1177/112067210701700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a family with lattice corneal dystrophy type II (LCD II) associated with systemic amyloidosis type V. METHODS A 69-year-old woman presented a LCD II and marked dermachalasis. A lower blepharoplasty was performed. Two years later a penetrating keratoplasty was performed in her left eye. Three children of the patient were studied. Subtle manifestations of LCD were identified in two of them. Pathologic study of the excised skin and corneal button was made. DNA from peripheral blood was obtained, and was subjected to amplification of exon 5 of the gelsolin. RESULTS Pathologic examination of the skin of blepharoplasty specimen demonstrated the presence of amyloid. Microscopic examination of the corneal button showed the presence of amyloid deposits beneath the normal-appearing Bowman layer and also within the stroma. Immunostaining for S-100 protein did not demonstrate a significant relationship between amyloid deposits and corneal nerves. Electron microscopic evaluation demonstrated the presence of amyloid fibrils. No clear relationship was found between amyloid deposits and corneal nerves. These findings confirm LCD type II or Meretoja syndrome. A mutation analysis of the gelsolin gene demonstrated the presence of G to A transition at nucleotide 654. Two children with manifestations of LCD also showed the identical mutation in gelsolin gene. CONCLUSIONS A new family with Meretoja syndrome is reported. This is the first documented family with Meretoja syndrome in Spain and in the Mediterranean countries. The molecular study shows the same mutation of reported families from Finland, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Huerva
- Ophthalmology Department, Universitary Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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25
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Mustonen T, Schmidt EK, Valori M, Tienari PJ, Atula S, Kiuru-Enari S. Common origin of the gelsolin gene variant in 62 Finnish AGel amyloidosis families. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:117-123. [PMID: 29167514 PMCID: PMC5838978 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Finnish gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is an autosomal dominantly inherited systemic disorder with ophthalmologic, neurologic and dermatologic symptoms. Only the gelsolin (GSN) c.640G>A variant has been found in the Finnish patients thus far. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Finnish patients have a common ancestor or whether multiple mutation events have occurred at c.640G, which is a known mutational hot spot. A total of 79 Finnish AGel amyloidosis families including 707 patients were first discovered by means of patient interviews, genealogic studies and civil and parish registers. From each family 1-2 index patients were chosen. Blood samples were available from 71 index patients representing 64 families. After quality control, SNP array genotype data were available from 68 patients from 62 nuclear families. All the index patients had the same c.640G>A variant (rs121909715). Genotyping was performed using the Illumina CoreExome SNP array. The homozygosity haplotype method was used to analyse shared haplotypes. Haplotype analysis identified a shared haplotype, common to all studied patients. This shared haplotype included 17 markers and was 361 kb in length (GRCh37 coordinates 9:124003326-124364349) and this level of haplotype sharing was found to occur highly unlikely by chance. This GSN haplotype ranked as the largest shared haplotype in the 68 patients in a genome-wide analysis of haplotype block lengths. These results provide strong evidence that although there is a known mutational hot spot at GSN c.640G, all of the studied 62 Finnish AGel amyloidosis families are genetically linked to a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Miko Valori
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Atula
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Kiuru-Enari
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sharma NK, Tashima AK, Brunialti MKC, Ferreira ER, Torquato RJS, Mortara RA, Machado FR, Assuncao M, Rigato O, Salomao R. Proteomic study revealed cellular assembly and lipid metabolism dysregulation in sepsis secondary to community-acquired pneumonia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15606. [PMID: 29142235 PMCID: PMC5688086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder characterized by organ dysfunction and a major cause of mortality worldwide. The major challenge in studying sepsis is its diversity in such factors as age, source of infection and etiology. Recently, genomic and proteomic approaches have improved our understanding of its complex pathogenesis. In the present study, we use quantitative proteomics to evaluate the host proteome response in septic patients secondary to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Samples obtained at admission and after 7 days of follow-up were analyzed according to the outcomes of septic patients. The patients' proteome profiles were compared with age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Bioinformatic analyses of differentially expressed proteins showed alteration in the cytoskeleton, cellular assembly, movement, lipid metabolism and immune responses in septic patients. Actin and gelsolin changes were assessed in mononuclear cells using immunofluorescence, and a higher expression of gelsolin and depletion of actin were observed in survivor patients. Regarding lipid metabolism, changes in cholesterol, HDL and apolipoproteins were confirmed using enzymatic colorimetric methods in plasma. Transcriptomic studies revealed a massive change in gene expression in sepsis. Our proteomic results stressed important changes in cellular structure and metabolism, which are possible targets for future interventions of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Departamento de Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Milena Karina Colo Brunialti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Eden Ramalho Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jose Soares Torquato
- Departamento de Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Flavia Ribeiro Machado
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Murillo Assuncao
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, 05652- 900, Brazil
| | - Otelo Rigato
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, 01409-001, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Salomao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Abstract
For the acquisition of the ability to fertilize the egg, mammalian spermatozoa should undergo a series of biochemical transformations in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. The capacitated sperm can undergo the acrosomal exocytosis process near or on the oocyte, which allows the spermatozoon to penetrate and fertilize it. One of the main processes in capacitation involves dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling particularly of actin. Actin polymerization occurs during sperm capacitation and the produced F-actin should be depolymerized prior to the acrosomal exocytosis. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms that regulate F-actin formation during sperm capacitation and the F-actin dispersion prior to the acrosomal exocytosis. During sperm capacitation, the actin severing proteins gelsolin and cofilin are inactive and they undergo activation prior to the acrosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Breitbart
- The Mina & Everard Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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28
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Cheng Y, Hu X, Liu C, Chen M, Wang J, Wang M, Gao F, Han J, Zhang C, Sun D, Min R. Gelsolin Inhibits the Inflammatory Process Induced by LPS. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:205-212. [PMID: 28135711 DOI: 10.1159/000456043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endotoxemia is a life-threatening situation that signifies a key challenge in the field of intensive care medicine. Proinflammatory mediators produced by macrophages play a key role in endotoxemia. Gelsolin (GSN) is involved in the process of inflammation. METHODS IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant were measured with an ELISA kit. NO production was assessed by measurement of nitrite concentration with the Griess assay. si-RNA directed against GSN (si-GSN) was transfected by Lipofectamine. RESULTS LPS decreased the levels of GSN. Recombinant GSN inhibited the cytokines induced by LPS and rescued mice from LPS-induced death, and si-GSN increased death in the LPS-pretreated mice. CONCLUSION GSN exhibited a protective role in endotoxemia.
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29
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Abstract
A role of gelsolin in opening the way along the microvilli for secretory vesicles during microapocrine secretion is proposed here. Data obtained with different techniques showed that many digestive enzymes are released by microapocrine secretion in insects. Proteins that might be involved in the machinery of microapocrine secretion were selected from our transcriptomes and literature searches. The proteins were annexin, Complex actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP 2/3) cofilin, fimbrin, gelsolin 1, gelsolin 2, moesin, myosin 1, myosin 6, protein disulphide isomerase 1 (PDI 1), PDI 2 and profilin. The cDNAs coding for annexin, fimbrin, gelsolin 1, myosin 1, PDI 1 and PDI 2 were cloned and their sequences deposited in GenBank. Only gelsolin 1 and myosin 1 are expressed exclusively in the midgut (semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR). As myosin 1 may have a structural role in microvilli, gelsolin 1 is the best guess to be involved in the secretory machinery. A truncated recombinant gelsolin 1 was used to generate antibodies with which it was shown labelling inside and around midgut cell microvilli shown in an electron microscope, reinforcing a microvillar role for gelsolin 1. Suppression of gelsolin 1 synthesis by RNA interference prevents secretory vesicles from advancing inside the microvilli, in agreement with its putative role in severing the actin filaments to free the way for the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W R Terra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vaysse A, Fang S, Brossard M, Wei Q, Chen WV, Mohamdi H, Vincent-Fetita L, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Lavielle N, Maubec E, Lathrop M, Avril MF, Amos CI, Lee JE, Demenais F. A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of melanoma Breslow thickness identifies interaction between CDC42 and SCIN genetic variants. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2012-20. [PMID: 27347659 PMCID: PMC5116391 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breslow thickness (BT) is a major prognostic factor of cutaneous melanoma (CM), the most fatal skin cancer. The genetic component of BT has only been explored by candidate gene studies with inconsistent results. Our objective was to uncover the genetic factors underlying BT using an hypothesis-free genome-wide approach. Our analysis strategy integrated a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for BT followed by pathway analysis of GWAS outcomes using the gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method and epistasis analysis within BT-associated pathways. This strategy was applied to two large CM datasets with Hapmap3-imputed SNP data: the French MELARISK study for discovery (966 cases) and the MD Anderson Cancer Center study (1,546 cases) for replication. While no marginal effect of individual SNPs was revealed through GWAS, three pathways, defined by gene ontology (GO) categories were significantly enriched in genes associated with BT (false discovery rate ≤5% in both studies): hormone activity, cytokine activity and myeloid cell differentiation. Epistasis analysis, within each significant GO, identified a statistically significant interaction between CDC42 and SCIN SNPs (pmeta-int =2.2 × 10(-6) , which met the overall multiple-testing corrected threshold of 2.5 × 10(-6) ). These two SNPs (and proxies) are strongly associated with CDC42 and SCIN gene expression levels and map to regulatory elements in skin cells. This interaction has important biological relevance since CDC42 and SCIN proteins have opposite effects in actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics, a key mechanism underlying melanoma cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Vaysse
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Myriam Brossard
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei V. Chen
- Laboratory Informatics System, Department of Clinical Applications & Support, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hamida Mohamdi
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Lavielle
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eve Maubec
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Avicenne et Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel College of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Florence Demenais
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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31
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Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that concentrations of 1-10 μM of methylmercuric chloride (MeHgCl) that are cytotoxic to monocytes-macrophages can curiously inhibit neutrophil apoptosis by a yet unknown mechanism. In the present study, we demonstrate that, as with the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a classical inhibitor of neutrophil apoptosis, treatment of cells with 5 M MeHgCl inducesde novo protein synthesis and prevents the loss of expression of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein. The expression of the cytoskeletal proteins gelsolin, paxillin and vinculin was similar in MeHgCl or GM-CSF-induced suppression of apoptosis. However, MeHgCl prevents the degradation of vimentin differently than GM-CSF. Apoptosis was further confirmed by flow cytometry (FITC annexin-V), and by monitoring CD16 cell surface expression. Curiously, unlike GM-CSF, MeHgCl did not prevent CD16 shedding. We conclude that, like GM-CSF, MeHgCl can delay neutrophil apoptosis by inducing de novoprotein synthesis and by preventing the loss of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein. However, unlike GM-CSF, MeHgCl induces an atypical degradation of vimentin without preventing CD16 shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Moisan
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 245 boulevard Hymus, Pointe-Claire, PQ, Canada
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Yeh YL, Hu WS, Ting WJ, Shen CY, Hsu HH, Chung LC, Tu CC, Chang SH, Day CH, Tsai Y, Huang CY. Hypoxia Augments Increased HIF-1α and Reduced Survival Protein p-Akt in Gelsolin (GSN)-Dependent Cardiomyoblast Cell Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:221-8. [PMID: 27193608 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton filaments play an important role in cellular functions such as maintaining cell shape, cell motility, intracellular transport, and cell division. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have numerous functions including regulation of actin filament nucleation, elongation, severing, capping, cross linking, and actin monomer sequestration. Gelsolin (GSN) is one of the actin-binding proteins. Gelsolin (GSN) is one of the actin-binding proteins that regulate cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis. GSN also regulates cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis. In this study, we have used H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell and H9c2-GSN stable clones to understand the roles and mechanisms of GSN overexpression in hypoxia-induced cardiomyoblast cell death. The data show that hypoxia or GSN overexpression induces HIF-1α expression and reduces the expression of survival markers p-Akt and Bcl-2 in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Under hypoxic conditions, GSN overexpression further reduces p-Akt expression and elevates total as well as cleaved GSN levels and HIF-1α levels. In addition, GSN overexpression enhances apoptosis in cardiomyoblasts under hypoxia. Hypoxic challenge further induced activated caspase-3 and cell death that was attenuated after GSN knock down, which implies that GSN is a critical therapeutic target against hypoxia-induced cardiomyoblast cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Chung
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan County, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Chang
- Department of Health, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Executive Yuan, Nantou, 54249, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuhsin Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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33
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Svanström A, Grantham J. The molecular chaperone CCT modulates the activity of the actin filament severing and capping protein gelsolin in vitro. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:55-62. [PMID: 26364302 PMCID: PMC4679748 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligomeric molecular chaperone CCT is essential for the folding of the highly abundant protein actin, which in its native state forms actin filaments that generate the traction forces required for cell motility. In addition to folding proteins, CCT can provide a platform for protein complex assembly and binds actin filaments assembled in vitro. Some individual subunits of CCT, when monomeric, have been shown to be functionally active, and in particular, the CCTepsilon subunit is involved in the serum response factor pathway that controls actin transcription. Thus, there is a complex interplay between CCT and actin that extends beyond actin folding. CCT has recently been shown to bind gelsolin, an actin filament severing protein that increases actin dynamics by generating filament ends for further actin polymerization. However, the biological significance of the CCT:gelsolin interaction is unknown. Here, using a co-immunoprecipitation assay, we show that CCT binds directly to gelsolin in its calcium-activated, actin-severing conformation. Furthermore, using actin filaments retained from fixed and permeabilized cells, we demonstrate that CCT can inhibit the actin filament severing activity of gelsolin. As our work and that of others shows gelsolin is not folded by CCT, the CCT:gelsolin interaction represents a novel mode of binding where CCT may modulate protein activity. The data presented here reveal an additional level of interplay between CCT and actin mediated via gelsolin, suggesting that CCT may influence processes depending on gelsolin activity, such as cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Svanström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julie Grantham
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zhou Y, Deng X, Ma X, Zang N, Li H, Li G, Li D, Li C, Huang W, He M. Cellular transcriptomics: gelsolin negatively regulates the expression of apoptosis-associated genes and inhibits apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:13871-13885. [PMID: 26823700 PMCID: PMC4713486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN), which is a Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament severing and capping protein, plays a critical role in the cancer progress and has the potential for providing a novel thread for cancer therapy. In current study, we demonstrate the roles of GSN on anti-apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by transcriptome RNA-seq method. Then flow cytometry (FCM), in-cell immunoblotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the GSN regulatory cell apoptosis. The results revealed GSN significantly suppresses apoptosis-associated functional categories through down-regulating apoptosis-associated genes in 5 apoptosis terms and 6 relevant KEGG pathways. FCM showed a significant lower apoptotic rate in GSN-SMMC7721 (P<0.05). In-cell immunoblotting detected discrepant expression of the apoptosis factors among GSN expressed/shRNA transfectants (P<0.05). TEM observed the discernible apoptosis morphology. Above results suggest a negative relationship between GSN expression and hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis. GSN overexpression suppresses apoptosis while down-regulated GSN promotes apoptosis. The possible mechanism could be associated with the regulation of GSN on the apoptosis-associated pathways and the apoptosis factors caspase 3 and bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Medical Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of EducationNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Deng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of The City of HopeDuarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ning Zang
- Medical Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of EducationNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Medical Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Medical Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Danrong Li
- Medical Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of EducationNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of The City of HopeDuarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of EducationNanning 530021, P. R. China
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Zuchero JB, Fu MM, Sloan SA, Ibrahim A, Olson A, Zaremba A, Dugas JC, Wienbar S, Caprariello AV, Kantor C, Leonoudakis D, Leonoudakus D, Lariosa-Willingham K, Kronenberg G, Gertz K, Soderling SH, Miller RH, Barres BA. CNS myelin wrapping is driven by actin disassembly. Dev Cell 2015; 34:152-67. [PMID: 26166300 PMCID: PMC4519368 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is essential in vertebrates for the rapid propagation of action potentials, but the molecular mechanisms driving its formation remain largely unknown. Here we show that the initial stage of process extension and axon ensheathment by oligodendrocytes requires dynamic actin filament assembly by the Arp2/3 complex. Unexpectedly, subsequent myelin wrapping coincides with the upregulation of actin disassembly proteins and rapid disassembly of the oligodendrocyte actin cytoskeleton and does not require Arp2/3. Inducing loss of actin filaments drives oligodendrocyte membrane spreading and myelin wrapping in vivo, and the actin disassembly factor gelsolin is required for normal wrapping. We show that myelin basic protein, a protein essential for CNS myelin wrapping whose role has been unclear, is required for actin disassembly, and its loss phenocopies loss of actin disassembly proteins. Together, these findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of myelin wrapping and identify it as an actin-independent form of mammalian cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Meng-Meng Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adiljan Ibrahim
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anita Zaremba
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Sophia Wienbar
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew V Caprariello
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Kantor
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | - Golo Kronenberg
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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36
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Choi S, Thapa N, Tan X, Hedman AC, Anderson RA. PIP kinases define PI4,5P₂signaling specificity by association with effectors. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1851:711-23. [PMID: 25617736 PMCID: PMC4380618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P₂) is an essential lipid messenger with roles in all eukaryotes and most aspects of human physiology. By controlling the targeting and activity of its effectors, PI4,5P₂modulates processes, such as cell migration, vesicular trafficking, cellular morphogenesis, signaling and gene expression. In cells, PI4,5P₂has a much higher concentration than other phosphoinositide species and its total content is largely unchanged in response to extracellular stimuli. The discovery of a vast array of PI4,5P₂ binding proteins is consistent with data showing that the majority of cellular PI4,5P₂is sequestered. This supports a mechanism where PI4,5P₂functions as a localized and highly specific messenger. Further support of this mechanism comes from the de novo synthesis of PI4,5P₂which is often linked with PIP kinase interaction with PI4,5P₂effectors and is a mechanism to define specificity of PI4,5P₂signaling. The association of PI4,5P₂-generating enzymes with PI4,5P₂effectors regulate effector function both temporally and spatially in cells. In this review, the PI4,5P₂effectors whose functions are tightly regulated by associations with PI4,5P₂-generating enzymes will be discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyong Choi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Narendra Thapa
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Hedman
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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37
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Weisser-Thomas J, Kempelmann H, Nickenig G, Grohe C, Djoufack P, Fink K, Meyer R. Influence of gelsolin deficiency on excitation contraction coupling in adult murine cardiomyocytes. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66:373-383. [PMID: 26084219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling are linked to the cytoskeleton. Therefore changes in the cytoskeletal actin filaments may influence cardiac membrane currents and electro-mechanical coupling. Depolymerization of actin filaments by gelsolin (gsn) is involved in the organisation of the cytoskeleton by leading to a lower polymerization state. Gsn is activated by Ca(2+) and inhibited by phosphoinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2). Furthermore, gsn has been linked to pathological conditions with reduced contractility like heart failure, amyloidosis and apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesize, that gsn deficiency may change electromechanical properties of freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. We recorded L-type Ca(2+) current (ICa,L) in whole-cell patch clamp mode in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from gsn deficient ((-/-)) and control (gsn(+/+)) mice. Sarcomere shortening was monitored in field-stimulated myocytes from 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz by video microscopy. Shortening-frequency relation, post-rest potentiation and β-adrenergic stimulation were investigated. ICa,L was increased in gsn(-/-) vs. gsn(+/+) myocytes. Sarcomere shortening amplitude and velocity were enhanced in gsn(-/-) vs. gsn(+/+) at all frequencies. Shortening-frequency relationship showed a biphasic pattern with decay in shortening amplitude between 0.5 and 2 Hz and an increase at higher frequencies in both genotypes. Post-rest characteristics revealed a frequency-dependent decay of post-rest potentiation in gsn(+/+) while it remained stable in gsn(-/-). In gsn(-/-) a reduced response to β-adrenergic stimulation was observed. Resting sarcomere length was shorter in gsn(-/-) but neither increasing frequency nor β-adrenergic stimulation induced further decay in any of the genotypes. In summary, gsn deficiency had a profound effect on excitiation-contraction properties and improved systolic function while not affecting diastolic function in unloaded isolated cardiomyocytes. Therefore, gsn mediated effects on contractility may play a role in patients with heart failure and cancer, where gsn levels are known to be elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Weisser-Thomas
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitaetsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - H Kempelmann
- Institut fur Physiologie II, Universitaetsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitaetsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Grohe
- Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Djoufack
- Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaetsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Fink
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitaetsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Meyer
- Institut fur Physiologie II, Universitaetsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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38
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Huang GW, Liao LD, Li EM, Xu LY. siRNA induces gelsolin gene transcription activation in human esophageal cancer cell. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7901. [PMID: 25600697 PMCID: PMC4298738 DOI: 10.1038/srep07901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that targeting gene promoter or 3' terminal regions of mRNA with siRNA induces target gene transcription. However, the ability of exon-targeting siRNA to affect transcription has yet to be demonstrated. We designed and synthesized siRNA against various exons in the gelsolin gene (GSN) to knockdown GSN transcript in KYSE150 and KYSE450 cells. Surprisingly, we found that siGSN-2, targeting the GSN twelfth exon, induced GSN gene transcription detected by real time RT-PCR. An siGSN-2 co-precipitation assay was performed and H3 histone, previously shown to correlate with gene transcription, was detected in the siGSN-2 pull-down pellet. However, H3 histone was not detected in an siGSN-1-precipitated pellet, which resulted in GSN knockdown. In addition, siGSN-2 decreased stress fibers, lamellipodia and filopodia, demonstrating that siGSN-2 induced GSN transcription activation and exerted biological function. In conclusion, our finds reveal siRNA, which is derived from target gene exon, can form the complex with H3 histone to be involved in the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Huang
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - En-Min Li
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
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39
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Abstract
Adseverin (Ads), a member of the Gelsolin superfamily of actin binding proteins, regulates the actin cytoskeleton architecture by severing and capping existing filamentous actin (F-actin) strands and nucleating the assembly of new F-actin filaments. Ads has been implicated in cellular secretion, exocytosis and has also been shown to regulate chondrogenesis and megakaryoblastic leukemia cell differentiation. Here we report for the first time that Ads is involved in regulating osteoclastogenesis (OCG). Ads is induced during OCG downstream of RANK-ligand (RANKL) stimulation and is highly expressed in mature osteoclasts. The D5 isoform of Ads is not involved in regulating OCG, as its expression is not induced in response to RANKL. Three clonal Ads knockdown RAW264.7 (RAW) macrophage cell lines with varying degrees of Ads expression and OCG deficiency were generated. The most drastic OCG defect was noted in the clonal cell line with the greatest degree of Ads knockdown as indicated by a lack of TRAcP staining and multinucleation. RNAi mediated knockdown of Ads in osteoclast precursors resulted in distinct morphological changes characterized by altered F-actin distribution and increased filopodia formation. Ads knockdown precursor cells experienced enhanced migration while fusion of knockdown precursors cells was limited. Transient reintroduction of de novo Ads back into the knockdown system was capable of rescuing TRAcP expression but not osteoclast multinucleation most likely due to the transient nature of Ads expression. This preliminary study allows us to conclude that Ads is a RANKL induced early regulator of OCG with a potential role in pre-osteoclast differentiation and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Hassanpour
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes W. P. Kuiper
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez J, Ramirez-Miranda A, Hernandez-Da Mota SE, Zenteno JC. TGFBI, CHST6, and GSN gene analysis in Mexican patients with stromal corneal dystrophies. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:1267-72. [PMID: 24801599 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to describe the results of molecular screening of TGFBI, CHST6, and GSN genes in a group of Mexican patients with different stromal corneal dystrophies (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 16 CD Mexican patients pertaining to nine different pedigrees were subjected to a complete ophthalmological investigation. A clinical diagnosis of lattice CD was performed in 10 patients from five pedigrees. Three patients from two pedigrees were diagnosed with granular CD type 2, two patients with unrelated probands had Finnish-type corneal amyloidosis, and one patient had macular CD. Genetic analysis included DNA isolation from blood leukocytes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct nucleotide sequencing of TGFBI, CHST6, and GSN genes. RESULTS Seven lattice CD patients from four unrelated families had an identical p.H626R mutation in TGFBI, three patients from a single lattice CD family carried a p.R124C substitution in TGFBI, and a granular type 2 CD pedigree was demonstrated to carry a heterozygous TGFBI p.M619K substitution. A patient having Finnish-type corneal amyloidosis had a p.D187N mutation in GSN. Finally, molecular analysis of CHST6 in a patient with macular CD disclosed the presence of a homozygous p.Y110C change. CONCLUSIONS This study improves the knowledge of the genetic features of Mexican patients with corneal stromal dystrophies by identifying mutations in the TGFBI, CHST6, and GSN genes. Genetic screening of larger samples of patients from distinct ethnic groups would be of great importance for a better understanding of the mutational spectrum of stromal CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
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Chiang KM, Yang HC, Liang YJ, Chen JW, Hwang SM, Ho HY, Ting CT, Lin TH, Sheu SH, Tsai WC, Chen JH, Leu HB, Yin WH, Chiu TY, Chen CI, Lin SJ, Thomas GN, Tomlinson B, Guo Y, Gui HS, Sham PC, Lam TH, Pan WH. A three-stage genome-wide association study combining multilocus test and gene expression analysis for young-onset hypertension in Taiwan Han Chinese. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:819-27. [PMID: 24413707 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been performed, only a few studies have successfully identified replicable, large-impact hypertension loci; even fewer studies have been done on Chinese subjects. Young-onset hypertension (YOH) is considered to be a more promising target disorder to investigate than late-onset hypertension because of its stronger genetic component. METHODS To map YOH genetic variants, we performed a 3-stage study combining 1st-stage multilocus GWASs, 2nd-stage gene expression analysis, and 3rd-stage multilocus confirmatory study. RESULTS In the 1st stage, Illumina550K data from 400 case-control pairs were used, and 22 genes flanked by 14 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) septets (P values adjusted for false discovery rate (pFDR) < 3.16×10(-7)) were identified. In the 2nd stage, differential gene expression analysis was carried out for these genes, and 5 genes were selected (pFDR < 0.05). In the 3rd stage, we re-examined the finding with an independent set of 592 case-control pairs and with the joint samples (n = 992 case-control pairs). A total of 6 SNP septets flanking C1orf135, GSN, LARS, and ACTN4 remained significant in all 3 stages. Among them, the same septet flanking ACTN4 was also associated with blood pressure traits in the Hong Kong Hypertension Study (HKHS) and in the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium Hypertension Study (WTCCCHS). LARS was detected in the HKHS, but not in the WTCCCHS. GSN may be specific to Taiwanese individuals because it was not found by either the HKHS or the WTCCCHS. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified 4 previously unknown YOH loci in Han Chinese. Identification of these genes enriches the hypertension susceptibility gene list, thereby shedding light on the etiology of hypertension in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Mao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Deng FY, Zhu W, Zeng Y, Zhang JG, Yu N, Liu YZ, Liu YJ, Tian Q, Deng HW. Is GSN significant for hip BMD in female Caucasians? Bone 2014; 63:69-75. [PMID: 24607942 PMCID: PMC4127973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in females than in males. So far, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis are unclear. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) are precursors of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This study aims to identify PBM-expressed proteins (genes) influencing hip BMD in humans. We utilized three independent study cohorts (N=34, 29, 40), including premenopausal Caucasians with discordant hip BMD. We studied PBM proteome-wide protein expression profiles in cohort 1 and identified 57 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between low vs. high BMD subjects. One protein gelsolin (GSN), after validation by Western blotting, was subject to follow-up. We compared GSN mRNA level in PBM between low vs. high BMD subjects in cohorts 2 and 3. We genotyped SNPs across GSN in 2286 unrelated Caucasians (cohort 4) and 1627 Chinese (cohort 5) and tested their association with hip BMD in females and males, respectively. We discovered and validated that GSN protein expression level in PBM was down-regulated 3.0-fold in low vs. high BMD subjects (P<0.05). Down-regulation of GSN in PBM in low BMD subjects was also observed at mRNA level in both cohort 2 and cohort 3. We identified that SNP rs767770 was significantly associated with hip BMD in female Caucasians (P=0.0003) only. Integrating analyses of the datasets at DNA, RNA, and protein levels from female Caucasians substantiated that GSN is highly significant for hip BMD (P=0.0001). We conclude that GSN is a significant gene influencing hip BMD in female Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Deng
- Laboratory of Proteins and Proteomics, Department of Epidemiology, Soochow University School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 205123, PR China; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China.
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Abstract
αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin are members of the small heat shock protein family and function as molecular chaperones and major lens structural proteins. Although numerous studies have examined their chaperone-like activities in vitro, little is known about the proteins they protect in vivo. To elucidate the relationships between chaperone function, substrate binding, and human cataract formation, we used proteomic and mass spectrometric methods to analyze the effect of mutations associated with hereditary human cataract formation on protein abundance in αA-R49C and αB-R120G knock-in mutant lenses. Compared with age-matched wild type lenses, 2-day-old αA-R49C heterozygous lenses demonstrated the following: increased crosslinking (15-fold) and degradation (2.6-fold) of αA-crystallin; increased association between αA-crystallin and filensin, actin, or creatine kinase B; increased acidification of βB1-crystallin; increased levels of grifin; and an association between βA3/A1-crystallin and αA-crystallin. Homozygous αA-R49C mutant lenses exhibited increased associations between αA-crystallin and βB3-, βA4-, βA2-crystallins, and grifin, whereas levels of βB1-crystallin, gelsolin, and calpain 3 decreased. The amount of degraded glutamate dehydrogenase, α-enolase, and cytochrome c increased more than 50-fold in homozygous αA-R49C mutant lenses. In αB-R120G mouse lenses, our analyses identified decreased abundance of phosphoglycerate mutase, several β- and γ-crystallins, and degradation of αA- and αB-crystallin early in cataract development. Changes in the abundance of hemoglobin and histones with the loss of normal α-crystallin chaperone function suggest that these proteins also play important roles in the biochemical mechanisms of hereditary cataracts. Together, these studies offer a novel insight into the putative in vivo substrates of αA- and αB-crystallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha P. Andley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James P. Malone
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - R. Reid Townsend
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Yildirim F, Ji S, Kronenberg G, Barco A, Olivares R, Benito E, Dirnagl U, Gertz K, Endres M, Harms C, Meisel A. Histone acetylation and CREB binding protein are required for neuronal resistance against ischemic injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95465. [PMID: 24748101 PMCID: PMC3991684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic transcriptional regulation by histone acetylation depends on the balance between histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase activities (HDAC). Inhibition of HDAC activity provides neuroprotection, indicating that the outcome of cerebral ischemia depends crucially on the acetylation status of histones. In the present study, we characterized the changes in histone acetylation levels in ischemia models of focal cerebral ischemia and identified cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)–binding protein (CBP) as a crucial factor in the susceptibility of neurons to ischemic stress. Both neuron-specific RNA interference and neurons derived from CBP heterozygous knockout mice showed increased damage after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning by a short (5 min) subthreshold occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), followed 24 h afterwards by a 30 min occlusion of the MCA, increased histone acetylation levels in vivo. Ischemic preconditioning enhanced CBP recruitment and histone acetylation at the promoter of the neuroprotective gene gelsolin leading to increased gelsolin expression in neurons. Inhibition of CBP's HAT activity attenuated neuronal ischemic preconditioning. Taken together, our findings suggest that the levels of CBP and histone acetylation determine stroke outcome and are crucially associated with the induction of an ischemia-resistant state in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Yildirim
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shengbo Ji
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Campus Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Campus de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Roman Olivares
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Campus de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Benito
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Campus de Sant Joan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB) and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Olt J, Mburu P, Johnson SL, Parker A, Kuhn S, Bowl M, Marcotti W, Brown SDM. The actin-binding proteins eps8 and gelsolin have complementary roles in regulating the growth and stability of mechanosensory hair bundles of mammalian cochlear outer hair cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87331. [PMID: 24475274 PMCID: PMC3903700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound transduction depends upon mechanosensitive channels localized on the hair-like bundles that project from the apical surface of cochlear hair cells. Hair bundles show a stair-case structure composed of rows of stereocilia, and each stereocilium contains a core of tightly-packed and uniformly-polarized actin filaments. The growth and maintenance of the stereociliary actin core are dynamically regulated. Recently, it was shown that the actin-binding protein gelsolin is expressed in the stereocilia of outer hair cells (OHCs) and in its absence they become long and straggly. Gelsolin is part of a whirlin scaffolding protein complex at the stereocilia tip, which has been shown to interact with other actin regulatory molecules such as Eps8. Here we investigated the physiological effects associated with the absence of gelsolin and its possible overlapping role with Eps8. We found that, in contrast to Eps8, gelsolin does not affect mechanoelectrical transduction during immature stages of development. Moreover, OHCs from gelsolin knockout mice were able to mature into fully functional sensory receptors as judged by the normal resting membrane potential and basolateral membrane currents. Mechanoelectrical transducer current in gelsolin-Eps8 double knockout mice showed a profile similar to that observed in the single mutants for Eps8. We propose that gelsolin has a non-overlapping role with Eps8. While Eps8 is mainly involved in the initial growth of stereocilia in both inner hair cells (IHCs) and OHCs, gelsolin is required for the maintenance of mature hair bundles of low-frequency OHCs after the onset of hearing.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Gelsolin/genetics
- Gelsolin/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/physiology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/ultrastructure
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mechanoreceptors/metabolism
- Mechanoreceptors/physiology
- Mechanoreceptors/ultrastructure
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Physical Stimulation
- Pyridinium Compounds
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Olt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Philomena Mburu
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart L. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Parker
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Kuhn
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Bowl
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Marcotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (WM); (SDMB)
| | - Steve D. M. Brown
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (WM); (SDMB)
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Cho IK, Chang CL, Li QX. Diet-induced over-expression of flightless-I protein and its relation to flightlessness in Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81099. [PMID: 24312525 PMCID: PMC3849048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata is among the most economically important pests worldwide. Understanding nutritional requirement helps rearing healthy medfly for biocontrol of its population in fields. Flight ability is a high priority criterion. Two groups of medfly larvae were reared with two identical component diets except one with fatty acids (diet A) and another without it (diet B). Adults from larvae reared on diet B demonstrated 20±8% of normal flight ability, whereas those from larvae reared on diet A displayed full flight ability of 97±1%. Proteomes were profiled to compare two groups of medfly pupae using shotgun proteomics to study dietary effects on flight ability. When proteins detected in pupae A were compared with those in pupae B, 233 and 239 proteins were, respectively, under- and over-expressed in pupae B, while 167 proteins were overlapped in both pupae A and B. Differential protein profiles indicate that nutritional deficiency induced over-expression of flightless-I protein (fli-I) in medfly. All proteins were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to create 13 biological networks and 17 pathways of interacting protein clusters in human ortholog. Fli-I, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing G protein-coupled receptor 2, LRR protein soc-2 and protein wings apart-like were over-expressed in pupae B. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, protocadherin-like wing polarity protein stan and several Wnt pathway proteins were under-expressed in pupae B. These results suggest down-regulation of the Wnt/wingless signaling pathway, which consequently may result in flightlessness in pupae B. The fli-I gene is known to be located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) region on chromosome 17, and thus, we speculate that nutritional deficiency might induce over-expression of fli-I (or fli-I gene) and be associated with human SMS. However, more evidence would be needed to confirm our speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Kyu Cho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Chiou Ling Chang
- U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marino N, Marshall JC, Collins JW, Zhou M, Qian Y, Veenstra T, Steeg PS. Nm23-h1 binds to gelsolin and inactivates its actin-severing capacity to promote tumor cell motility and metastasis. Cancer Res 2013. [PMID: 23940300 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0368-009-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nm23-H1 has been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene, but its protein interactions have yet to be understood with any mechanistic clarity. In this study, we evaluated the proteomic spectrum of interactions made by Nm23-H1 in 4T1 murine breast cancer cells derived from tissue culture, primary mammary tumors, and pulmonary metastases. By this approach, we identified the actin-severing protein Gelsolin as binding partner for Nm23-H1, verifying their interaction by coimmunoprecipitation in 4T1 cells as well as in human MCF7, MDA-MB-231T, and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. In Gelsolin-transfected cells, coexpression of Nm23-H1 abrogated the actin-severing activity of Gelsolin. Conversely, actin severing by Gelsolin was abrogated by RNA interference-mediated silencing of endogenous Nm23-H1. Tumor cell motility was negatively affected in parallel with Gelsolin activity, suggesting that Nm23-H1 binding inactivated the actin-depolymerizing function of Gelsolin to inhibit cell motility. Using indirect immunoflourescence to monitor complexes formed by Gelsolin and Nm23-H1 in living cells, we observed their colocalization in a perinuclear cytoplasmic compartment that was associated with the presence of disrupted actin stress fibers. In vivo analyses revealed that Gelsolin overexpression increased the metastasis of orthotopically implanted 4T1 or tail vein-injected MDA-MB-231T cells (P = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively), along with the proportion of mice with diffuse liver metastases, an effect ablated by coexpression of Nm23-H1. We observed no variation in proliferation among lung metastases. Our findings suggest a new actin-based mechanism that can suppress tumor metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gelsolin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gelsolin/genetics
- Gelsolin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases/genetics
- NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Marino
- Authors' Affiliations: Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
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Antunes M, Pereira T, Cordeiro JV, Almeida L, Jacinto A. Coordinated waves of actomyosin flow and apical cell constriction immediately after wounding. J Cell Biol 2013; 202:365-79. [PMID: 23878279 PMCID: PMC3718973 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201211039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial wound healing relies on tissue movements and cell shape changes. Our work shows that, immediately after wounding, there was a dramatic cytoskeleton remodeling consisting of a pulse of actomyosin filaments that assembled in cells around the wound edge and flowed from cell to cell toward the margin of the wound. We show that this actomyosin flow was regulated by Diaphanous and ROCK and that it elicited a wave of apical cell constriction that culminated in the formation of the leading edge actomyosin cable, a structure that is essential for wound closure. Calcium signaling played an important role in this process, as its intracellular concentration increased dramatically immediately after wounding, and down-regulation of transient receptor potential channel M, a stress-activated calcium channel, also impaired the actomyosin flow. Lowering the activity of Gelsolin, a known calcium-activated actin filament-severing protein, also impaired the wound response, indicating that cleaving the existing actin filament network is an important part of the cytoskeleton remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antunes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João V. Cordeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Almeida
- Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F75252 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Jacinto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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McGahon MK, Yarham JM, Daly A, Guduric-Fuchs J, Ferguson LJ, Simpson DA, Collins A. Distinctive profile of IsomiR expression and novel microRNAs in rat heart left ventricle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65809. [PMID: 23799049 PMCID: PMC3683050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target gene expression through mRNA cleavage or translational repression. There is mounting evidence that they play critical roles in heart disease. The expression of known miRNAs in the heart has been studied at length by microarray and quantitative PCR but it is becoming evident that microRNA isoforms (isomiRs) are potentially physiologically important. It is well known that left ventricular (patho)physiology is influenced by transmural heterogeneity of cardiomyocyte phenotype, and this likely reflects underlying heterogeneity of gene expression. Given the significant role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression, knowledge of how the miRNA profile varies across the ventricular wall will be crucial to better understand the mechanisms governing transmural physiological heterogeneity. To determinine miRNA/isomiR expression profiles in the rat heart we investigated tissue from different locations across the left ventricular wall using deep sequencing. We detected significant quantities of 145 known rat miRNAs and 68 potential novel orthologs of known miRNAs, in mature, mature* and isomiR formation. Many isomiRs were detected at a higher frequency than their canonical sequence in miRBase and have different predicted targets. The most common miR-133a isomiR was more effective at targeting a construct containing a sequence from the gelsolin gene than was canonical miR-133a, as determined by dual-fluorescence assay. We identified a novel rat miR-1 homolog from a second miR-1 gene; and a novel rat miRNA similar to miR-676. We also cloned and sequenced the rat miR-486 gene which is not in miRBase (v18). Signalling pathways predicted to be targeted by the most highly detected miRNAs include Ubiquitin-mediated Proteolysis, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, Wnt signalling, Calcium Signalling, Gap junctions and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Most miRNAs are not expressed in a gradient across the ventricular wall, with exceptions including miR-10b, miR-21, miR-99b and miR-486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. McGahon
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Yarham
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Aideen Daly
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndsey J. Ferguson
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Simpson
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Collins
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
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Visser MB, Sun CX, Koh A, Ellen RP, Glogauer M. Treponema denticola major outer sheath protein impairs the cellular phosphoinositide balance that regulates neutrophil chemotaxis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66209. [PMID: 23755300 PMCID: PMC3670873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major outer sheath protein (Msp) of Treponema denticola inhibits neutrophil polarization and directed chemotaxis together with actin dynamics in vitro in response to the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylanine (fMLP). Msp disorients chemotaxis through inhibition of a Rac1-dependent signaling pathway, but the upstream mechanisms are unknown. We challenged murine bone marrow neutrophils with enriched native Msp to determine the role of phospholipid modifying enzymes in chemotaxis and actin assembly downstream of fMLP-stimulation. Msp modulated cellular phosphoinositide levels through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) together with activation of the lipid phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Impaired phosphatidylinositol[(3,4,5)]-triphosphate (PIP3) levels prevented recruitment and activation of the downstream mediator Akt. Release of the actin capping proteins gelsolin and CapZ in response to fMLP was also inhibited by Msp exposure. Chemical inhibition of PTEN restored PIP3 signaling, as measured by Akt activation, Rac1 activation, actin uncapping, neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis in response to fMLP-stimulation, even in the presence of Msp. Transduction with active Rac1 also restored fMLP-mediated actin uncapping, suggesting that Msp acts at the level of PIP3 in the hierarchical feedback loop of PIP3 and Rac1 activation. Taken together, Msp alters the phosphoinositide balance in neutrophils, impairing the cell “compass”, which leads to inhibition of downstream chemotactic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Visser
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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