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Yashina LN, Abramov SA, Zhigalin AV, Smetannikova NA, Dupal TA, Krivopalov AV, Kikuchi F, Senoo K, Arai S, Mizutani T, Suzuki M, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Geographic Distribution and Phylogeny of Soricine Shrew-Borne Seewis Virus and Altai Virus in Russia. Viruses 2021; 13:1286. [PMID: 34372492 PMCID: PMC8310073 DOI: 10.3390/v13071286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in multiple species of shrews, moles and bats has revealed a complex evolutionary history involving cross-species transmission. Seewis virus (SWSV) is widely distributed throughout the geographic ranges of its soricid hosts, including the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), tundra shrew (Sorex tundrensis) and Siberian large-toothed shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), suggesting host sharing. In addition, genetic variants of SWSV, previously named Artybash virus (ARTV) and Amga virus, have been detected in the Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens). Here, we describe the geographic distribution and phylogeny of SWSV and Altai virus (ALTV) in Asian Russia. The complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ALTV, also harbored by the Eurasian common shrew, is a new hantavirus species, distantly related to SWSV. Moreover, Lena River virus (LENV) appears to be a distinct hantavirus species, harbored by Laxmann's shrews and flat-skulled shrews (Sorex roboratus) in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. Another ALTV-related virus, which is more closely related to Camp Ripley virus from the United States, has been identified in the Eurasian least shrew (Sorex minutissimus) from far-eastern Russia. Two highly divergent viruses, ALTV and SWSV co-circulate among common shrews in Western Siberia, while LENV and the ARTV variant of SWSV co-circulate among Laxmann's shrews in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. ALTV and ALTV-related viruses appear to belong to the Mobatvirus genus, while SWSV is a member of the Orthohantavirus genus. These findings suggest that ALTV and ALTV-related hantaviruses might have emerged from ancient cross-species transmission with subsequent diversification within Sorex shrews in Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila N. Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia;
| | - Sergey A. Abramov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (T.A.D.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Zhigalin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | | | - Tamara A. Dupal
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (T.A.D.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Anton V. Krivopalov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (T.A.D.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Fuka Kikuchi
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan; (F.K.); (T.M.)
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Kae Senoo
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Arai
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan; (F.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Joseph A. Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Mangombi JB, N’dilimabaka N, Lekana-Douki JB, Banga O, Maghendji-Nzondo S, Bourgarel M, Leroy E, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. First investigation of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and viruses in rodents and shrews in context of forest-savannah-urban areas interface in the city of Franceville (Gabon). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248244. [PMID: 33684147 PMCID: PMC7939261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are reservoirs of numerous zoonotic diseases caused by bacteria, protozoans, or viruses. In Gabon, the circulation and maintenance of rodent-borne zoonotic infectious agents are poorly studied and are often limited to one type of pathogen. Among the three existing studies on this topic, two are focused on a zoonotic virus, and the third is focused on rodent Plasmodium. In this study, we searched for a wide range of bacteria, protozoa and viruses in different organs of rodents from the town of Franceville in Gabon. Samples from one hundred and ninety-eight (198) small mammals captured, including two invasive rodent species, five native rodent species and 19 shrews belonging to the Soricidae family, were screened. The investigated pathogens were bacteria from the Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae families, Mycoplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., Orientia spp., Occidentia spp., Leptospira spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, and Yersinia pestis; parasites from class Kinetoplastida spp. (Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp.), Piroplasmidae spp., and Toxoplasma gondii; and viruses from Paramyxoviridae, Hantaviridae, Flaviviridae and Mammarenavirus spp. We identified the following pathogenic bacteria: Anaplasma spp. (8.1%; 16/198), Bartonella spp. (6.6%; 13/198), Coxiella spp. (5.1%; 10/198) and Leptospira spp. (3.5%; 7/198); and protozoans: Piroplasma sp. (1%; 2/198), Toxoplasma gondii (0.5%; 1/198), and Trypanosoma sp. (7%; 14/198). None of the targeted viral genes were detected. These pathogens were found in Gabonese rodents, mainly Lophuromys sp., Lemniscomys striatus and Praomys sp. We also identified new genotypes: Candidatus Bartonella gabonensis and Uncultured Anaplasma spp. This study shows that rodents in Gabon harbor some human pathogenic bacteria and protozoans. It is necessary to determine whether the identified microorganisms are capable of undergoing zoonotic transmission from rodents to humans and if they may be responsible for human cases of febrile disease of unknown etiology in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joa Braïthe Mangombi
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine N’dilimabaka
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Parasitologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS), Owendo, Libreville
| | - Octavie Banga
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Sydney Maghendji-Nzondo
- Département Epidémiologie-Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale (DEBIM), Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS), Owendo, Libreville
| | - Mathieu Bourgarel
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Harare, Zimbabwe
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Leroy
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-UM, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, Marseille, France
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Kishimoto M, Hang'ombe BM, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Mastomys natalensis is a possible natural rodent reservoir for encephalomyocarditis virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33533710 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infects a wide range of hosts and can cause encephalitis, myocarditis, reproductive disorders and diabetes mellitus in selected mammalian species. As for humans, EMCV infection seems to occur by the contact with animals and can cause febrile illnesses in some infected patients. Here we isolated EMCV strain ZM12/14 from a natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis: M. natalensis) in Zambia. Pairwise sequence similarity of the ZM12/14 P1 region consisting of antigenic capsid proteins showed the highest similarity of nucleotide (80.7 %) and amino acid (96.2%) sequence with EMCV serotype 1 (EMCV-1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZM12/14 clustered into EMCV-1 at the P1 and P3 regions but segregated from known EMCV strains at the P2 region, suggesting a unique evolutionary history. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) screening and neutralizing antibody assays for EMCV were performed using collected tissues and serum from various rodents (n=179) captured in different areas in Zambia. We detected the EMCV genome in 19 M. natalensis (19/179=10.6 %) and neutralizing antibody for EMCV in 33 M. natalensis (33/179=18.4 %). However, we did not detect either the genome or neutralizing antibody in other rodent species. High neutralizing antibody litres (≧320) were observed in both RT-PCR-negative and -positive animals. Inoculation of ZM12/14 caused asymptomatic persistent infection in BALB/c mice with high antibody titres and high viral loads in some organs, consistent with the above epidemiological results. This study is the first report of the isolation of EMCV in Zambia, suggesting that M. natalensis may play a role as a natural reservoir of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - William W Hall
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Wei Z, Shimizu K, Nishigami K, Tsuda Y, Sarathukumara Y, Muthusinghe DS, Gamage CD, Granathne L, Lokupathirage SMW, Nanayakkara N, Arikawa J, Kikuchi F, Tanaka-Taya K, Suzuki M, Morikawa S, Arai S, Yoshimatsu K. Serological methods for detection of infection with shrew-borne hantaviruses: Thottapalayam, Seewis, Altai, and Asama viruses. Arch Virol 2020; 166:275-280. [PMID: 33201342 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The infectivity of shrew-borne hantaviruses to humans is still unclear because of the lack of a serodiagnosis method for these viruses. In this study, we prepared recombinant nucleocapsid (rN) proteins of Seewis orthohantavirus, Altai orthohantavirus (ALTV), Thottapalayam thottimvirus (TPMV), and Asama orthohantavirus. Using monospecific rabbit sera, no antigenic cross-reactivity was observed. In a serosurvey of 104 samples from renal patients and 271 samples from heathy controls from Sri Lanka, one patient serum and two healthy control sera reacted with rN proteins of ALTV and TPMV, respectively. The novel assays should be applied to investigate potential infectivity of shrew-borne hantaviruses to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouoxing Wei
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumpei Nishigami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tsuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yomani Sarathukumara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Devinda S Muthusinghe
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Chandika D Gamage
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Lishanta Granathne
- Girandrukotte District Hospital, Renal Clinic, District Hospital, Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuka Kikuchi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | | | - Motoi Suzuki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Arai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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Wolking D, Karmacharya D, Bista M, Shrestha R, Pandit P, Sharma A, Manandhar S, Shrestha B, Bajracharya S, Bhatta T, Dulal S, Rajbhandari R, Smith B, Mazet J, Goldstein T, Johnson C. Vulnerabilities for Exposure to Emerging Infectious Disease at Urban Settlements in Nepal. Ecohealth 2020; 17:345-358. [PMID: 33206274 PMCID: PMC7672689 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Nepal, rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration especially due to internal civil conflict have catalyzed the development of temporary settlements, often along rivers on undeveloped land. This study conducted surveillance for viruses in small mammals and assessed potential risks for virus transmission to people in urban settlements along rivers in Kathmandu, Nepal. We collected samples from 411 small mammals (100 rodents and 311 shrews) at four riverside settlement sites and detected six viruses from four virus families including Thottapalayam virus; a strain of murine coronavirus; two new paramyxoviruses; and two new rhabdoviruses. Additionally, we conducted surveys of 264 residents to characterize animal-human contact. Forty-eight percent of individuals reported contact with wildlife, primarily with rodents and shrews (91%). Our findings confirm that rodents and shrews should be considered a health threat for residents of temporary settlements, and that assessment of disease transmission risk coupled with targeted surveillance for emerging pathogens could lead to improved disease control and health security for urban populations. Additionally, interventions focused on disease prevention should consider the unique urban ecology and social dynamics in temporary settlements, along with the importance of community engagement for identifying solutions that address specific multi-dimensional challenges that life on the urban river margins presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Dibesh Karmacharya
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Manisha Bista
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rima Shrestha
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Pranav Pandit
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sulochana Manandhar
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bishwo Shrestha
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Tarka Bhatta
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santosh Dulal
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Rajbhandari
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brett Smith
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jonna Mazet
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
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Bai H, Li W, Guan D, Su J, Ke C, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Takeda N, Muramatsu M, Li TC. Characterization of a Novel Rat Hepatitis E Virus Isolated from an Asian Musk Shrew ( Suncus murinus). Viruses 2020; 12:v12070715. [PMID: 32630296 PMCID: PMC7411586 DOI: 10.3390/v12070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian musk shrew (shrew) is a new reservoir of a rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) that has been classified into genotype HEV-C1 in the species Orthohepevirus C. However, there is no information regarding classification of the new rat HEV based on the entire genome sequences, and it remains unclear whether rat HEV transmits from shrews to humans. We herein inoculated nude rats (Long-Evans rnu/rnu) with a serum sample from a shrew trapped in China, which was positive for rat HEV RNA, to isolate and characterize the rat HEV distributed in shrews. A rat HEV strain, S1129, was recovered from feces of the infected nude rat, indicating that rat HEV was capable of replicating in rats. S1129 adapted and grew well in PLC/PRF/5 cells, and the recovered virus (S1129c1) infected Wistar rats. The entire genomes of S1129 and S1129c1 contain four open reading frames and share 78.3–81.8% of the nucleotide sequence identities with known rat HEV isolates, demonstrating that rat HEVs are genetically diverse. We proposed that genotype HEV-C1 be further classified into subtypes HEV-C1a to HEV-C1d and that the S1129 strain circulating in the shrew belonged to the new subtype HEV-C1d. Further studies should focus on whether the S1129 strain infects humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Bai
- Department of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Jianshe Road 31, Baotou 014060, China;
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Dawei Guan
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Juan Su
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Changwen Ke
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animals Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Division of Experimental Animals Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.)
| | - Naokazu Takeda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, 2, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, 2, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-561-0771; Fax: +81-42-565-4729
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Johne R, Tausch SH, Grützke J, Falkenhagen A, Patzina-Mehling C, Beer M, Höper D, Ulrich RG. Distantly Related Rotaviruses in Common Shrews, Germany, 2004-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2310-2314. [PMID: 31742508 PMCID: PMC6874240 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.191225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened samples from common shrews (Sorex araneus) collected in Germany during 2004–2014 and identified 3 genetically divergent rotaviruses. Virus protein 6 sequence similarities to prototype rotaviruses were low (64.5% rotavirus A, 50.1% rotavirus C [tentative species K], 48.2% rotavirus H [tentative species L]). Shrew-associated rotaviruses might have zoonotic potential.
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8
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Kang HJ, Gu SH, Yashina LN, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Highly Divergent Genetic Variants of Soricid-Borne Altai Virus ( Hantaviridae) in Eurasia Suggest Ancient Host-Switching Events. Viruses 2019; 11:E857. [PMID: 31540127 PMCID: PMC6783933 DOI: 10.3390/v11090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in shrews (order Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae), the once-conventional view that rodents (order Rodentia) served as the primordial reservoir hosts now appears improbable. The newly identified soricid-borne hantaviruses generally demonstrate well-resolved lineages organized according to host taxa and geographic origin. However, beginning in 2007, we detected sequences that did not conform to the prototypic hantaviruses associated with their soricid host species and/or geographic locations. That is, Eurasian common shrews (Sorexaraneus), captured in Hungary and Russia, were found to harbor hantaviruses belonging to two separate and highly divergent lineages. We have since accumulated additional examples of these highly distinctive hantavirus sequences in the Laxmann's shrew (Sorexcaecutiens), flat-skulled shrew (Sorexroboratus) and Eurasian least shrew (Sorexminutissimus), captured at the same time and in the same location in the Sakha Republic in Far Eastern Russia. Pair-wise alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial and full-length S-, M- and/or L-segment sequences indicate that a distinct hantavirus species related to Altai virus (ALTV), first reported in a Eurasian common shrew from Western Siberia, was being maintained in these closely related syntopic soricine shrew species. These findings suggest that genetic variants of ALTV might have resulted from ancient host-switching events with subsequent diversification within the Soricini tribe in Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ji Kang
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Se Hun Gu
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Liudmila N Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Russia.
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Liphardt SW, Kang HJ, Dizney LJ, Ruedas LA, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Complex History of Codiversification and Host Switching of a Newfound Soricid-Borne Orthohantavirus in North America. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070637. [PMID: 31373319 PMCID: PMC6669566 DOI: 10.3390/v11070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are tightly linked to the ecology and evolutionary history of their mammalian hosts. We hypothesized that in regions with dramatic climate shifts throughout the Quaternary, orthohantavirus diversity and evolution are shaped by dynamic host responses to environmental change through processes such as host isolation, host switching, and reassortment. Jemez Springs virus (JMSV), an orthohantavirus harbored by the dusky shrew (Sorex monticola) and five close relatives distributed widely in western North America, was used to test this hypothesis. Total RNAs, extracted from liver or lung tissue from 164 shrews collected from western North America during 1983–2007, were analyzed for orthohantavirus RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Phylogenies inferred from the L-, M-, and S-segment sequences of 30 JMSV strains were compared with host mitochondrial cytochrome b. Viral clades largely corresponded to host clades, which were primarily structured by geography and were consistent with hypothesized post-glacial expansion. Despite an overall congruence between host and viral gene phylogenies at deeper scales, phylogenetic signals were recovered that also suggested a complex pattern of host switching and at least one reassortment event in the evolutionary history of JMSV. A fundamental understanding of how orthohantaviruses respond to periods of host population expansion, contraction, and secondary host contact is the key to establishing a framework for both more comprehensive understanding of orthohantavirus evolutionary dynamics and broader insights into host–pathogen systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler W Liphardt
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Laurie J Dizney
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA
| | - Luis A Ruedas
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Vanmechelen B, Vergote V, Laenen L, Koundouno FR, Bore JA, Wada J, Kuhn JH, Carroll MW, Maes P. Expanding the Arterivirus Host Spectrum: Olivier's Shrew Virus 1, A Novel Arterivirus Discovered in African Giant Shrews. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11171. [PMID: 30042503 PMCID: PMC6057926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Arteriviridae harbors a rapidly expanding group of viruses known to infect a divergent group of mammals, including horses, pigs, possums, primates, and rodents. Hosts infected with arteriviruses present with a wide variety of (sub) clinical symptoms, depending on the virus causing the infection and the host being infected. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of three variants of a previously unknown virus found in Olivier's shrews (Crocidura olivieri guineensis) sampled in Guinea. On the nucleotide level, the three genomes of this new virus, named Olivier's shrew virus 1 (OSV-1), are 88-89% similar. The genome organization of OSV-1 is characteristic of all known arteriviruses, yet phylogenetic analysis groups OSV-1 separately from all currently established arterivirus lineages. Therefore, we postulate that OSV-1 represents a member of a novel arterivirus genus. The virus described here represents the first discovery of an arterivirus in members of the order Eulipotyphla, thereby greatly expanding the known host spectrum of arteriviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49-Box 1040, BE3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49-Box 1040, BE3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49-Box 1040, BE3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Miles W Carroll
- Research & Development Institute, National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49-Box 1040, BE3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Doty JB, Malekani JM, Kalemba LN, Stanley WT, Monroe BP, Nakazawa YU, Mauldin MR, Bakambana TL, Liyandja Dja Liyandja T, Braden ZH, Wallace RM, Malekani DV, McCollum AM, Gallardo-Romero N, Kondas A, Peterson AT, Osorio JE, Rocke TE, Karem KL, Emerson GL, Carroll DS. Assessing Monkeypox Virus Prevalence in Small Mammals at the Human-Animal Interface in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Viruses 2017; 9:E283. [PMID: 28972544 PMCID: PMC5691634 DOI: 10.3390/v9100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2012, 2013 and 2015, we collected small mammals within 25 km of the town of Boende in Tshuapa Province, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The prevalence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in this area is unknown; however, cases of human infection were previously confirmed near these collection sites. Samples were collected from 353 mammals (rodents, shrews, pangolins, elephant shrews, a potamogale, and a hyrax). Some rodents and shrews were captured from houses where human monkeypox cases have recently been identified, but most were trapped in forests and agricultural areas near villages. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to assess evidence of MPXV infection and other Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) infections in these small mammals. Seven (2.0%) of these animal samples were found to be anti-orthopoxvirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive (six rodents: two Funisciurus spp.; one Graphiurus lorraineus; one Cricetomys emini; one Heliosciurus sp.; one Oenomys hypoxanthus, and one elephant shrew Petrodromus tetradactylus); no individuals were found positive in PCR-based assays. These results suggest that a variety of animals can be infected with OPXVs, and that epidemiology studies and educational campaigns should focus on animals that people are regularly contacting, including larger rodents used as protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Doty
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Jean M Malekani
- University of Kinshasa, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 218 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Lem's N Kalemba
- University of Kinshasa, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 218 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - William T Stanley
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
| | - Benjamin P Monroe
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Yoshinori U Nakazawa
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Matthew R Mauldin
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Trésor L Bakambana
- University of Kinshasa, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 218 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | | | - Zachary H Braden
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Ryan M Wallace
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Divin V Malekani
- University of Kinshasa, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 218 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Andrea M McCollum
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Nadia Gallardo-Romero
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Ashley Kondas
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - A Townsend Peterson
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Tonie E Rocke
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Kevin L Karem
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Ginny L Emerson
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Darin S Carroll
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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12
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Tsoleridis T, Onianwa O, Horncastle E, Dayman E, Zhu M, Danjittrong T, Wachtl M, Behnke JM, Chapman S, Strong V, Dobbs P, Ball JK, Tarlinton RE, McClure CP. Discovery of Novel Alphacoronaviruses in European Rodents and Shrews. Viruses 2016; 8:84. [PMID: 27102167 PMCID: PMC4810274 DOI: 10.3390/v8030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight hundred and thirteen European rodents and shrews encompassing seven different species were screened for alphacoronaviruses using PCR detection. Novel alphacoronaviruses were detected in the species Rattus norvegicus, Microtus agrestis, Sorex araneus and Myodes glareolus. These, together with the recently described Lucheng virus found in China, form a distinct rodent/shrew-specific clade within the coronavirus phylogeny. Across a highly conserved region of the viral polymerase gene, the new members of this clade were up to 22% dissimilar at the nucleotide level to the previously described Lucheng virus. As such they might represent distinct species of alphacoronaviruses. These data greatly extend our knowledge of wildlife reservoirs of alphacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okechukwu Onianwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Emma Horncastle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Emma Dayman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Miaoran Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | | | - Marta Wachtl
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Jerzy M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Twycross Zoo, Burton Road, Atherstone, Warwickshire CV9 3PX, UK.
| | - Victoria Strong
- Twycross Zoo, Burton Road, Atherstone, Warwickshire CV9 3PX, UK.
| | - Phillipa Dobbs
- Twycross Zoo, Burton Road, Atherstone, Warwickshire CV9 3PX, UK.
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Rachael E Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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13
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Sasaki M, Orba Y, Anindita PD, Ishii A, Ueno K, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Ito K, Sawa H. Distinct Lineages of Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhuman Primates. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1230-3. [PMID: 26079728 PMCID: PMC4480391 DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.141969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral metagenomic analysis identified a new parvovirus genome in the intestinal contents of wild shrews in Zambia. Related viruses were detected in spleen tissues from wild shrews and nonhuman primates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses are related to human bufaviruses, highlighting the presence and genetic diversity of bufaviruses in wildlife.
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Nobach D, Bourg M, Herzog S, Lange-Herbst H, Encarnação JA, Eickmann M, Herden C. Shedding of Infectious Borna Disease Virus-1 in Living Bicolored White-Toothed Shrews. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137018. [PMID: 26313904 PMCID: PMC4552160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many RNA viruses arise from animal reservoirs, namely bats, rodents and insectivores but mechanisms of virus maintenance and transmission still need to be addressed. The bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) has recently been identified as reservoir of the neurotropic Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Six out of eleven wild living bicoloured white-toothed shrews were trapped and revealed to be naturally infected with BoDV-1. All shrews were monitored in captivity in a long-term study over a time period up to 600 days that differed between the individual shrews. Interestingly, all six animals showed an asymptomatic course of infection despite virus shedding via various routes indicating a highly adapted host-pathogen interaction. Infectious virus and viral RNA were demonstrated in saliva, urine, skin swabs, lacrimal fluid and faeces, both during the first 8 weeks of the investigation period and for long time shedding after more than 250 days in captivity. CONCLUSIONS The various ways of shedding ensure successful virus maintenance in the reservoir population but also transmission to accidental hosts such as horses and sheep. Naturally BoDV-1-infected living shrews serve as excellent tool to unravel host and pathogen factors responsible for persistent viral co-existence in reservoir species while maintaining their physiological integrity despite high viral load in many organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nobach
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manon Bourg
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Herzog
- Institute of Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Jorge A. Encarnação
- Mammalian Ecology Group, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Eickmann
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Klein TA, Kim HC, Chong ST, Kim JA, Lee SY, Kim WK, Nunn PV, Song JW. Hantaan virus surveillance targeting small mammals at nightmare range, a high elevation military training area, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118483. [PMID: 25874643 PMCID: PMC4398386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent-borne disease surveillance was conducted at Nightmare Range (NM-R), near the demilitarized zone in northeast Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, to identify hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) risks for a mountainous high-elevation (500 m) military training site. Monthly surveys were conducted from January 2008-December 2009. A total of 1,720 small mammals were captured belonging to the Orders Rodentia [Families, Sciuridae (1 species) and Muridae (7 species)] and Soricomorpha [Family, Soricidae (1species)]. Apodemus agrarius, the primary reservoir for Hantaan virus (HTNV), accounted for 89.9% (1,546) of all small mammals captured, followed by Myodes regulus (4.0%), Crocidura lasiura (3.9%), Micromys minutus (1.4%), Mus musculus (0.3%), Microtus fortis (0.2%), Apodemus peninsulae (0.2%), Tamias sibiricus (0.1%), and Rattus norvegicus (<0.1%). Three species were antibody-positive (Ab+) for hantaviruses: A. agrarius (8.2%), M. minutus (4.2%), and C. lasiura (1.5%). HTNV specific RNA was detected in 93/127 Ab+ A. agrarius, while Imjin virus specific RNA was detected in 1/1 Ab+ C. lasiura. Overall, hantavirus Ab+ rates for A. agrarius increased with weight (age) and were significantly higher among males (10.9%) than females (5.1%) (P<0.0001). High A. agrarius gravid rates during the fall (August-September) were associated with peak numbers of HFRS cases in Korea that followed high gravid rates. From 79 RT-PCR positive A. agrarius, 12 HTNV RNA samples were sequenced and compared phylogenetically based on a 320 nt sequence from the GC glycoprotein-encoding M segment. These results demonstrate that the HTNV isolates from NM-R are distinctly separated from HTNV isolated from the People’s Republic of China. These studies provide for improved disease risk assessments that identify military activities, rodent HTNV rates, and other factors associated with the transmission of hantaviruses during field training exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry A. Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade/US Army MEDDAC-Korea, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205–528, United States of America
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168 Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205–5247, United States of America
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168 Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205–5247, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science & Food Safety, Korea University, 126–1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136–705, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science & Food Safety, Korea University, 126–1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136–705, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science & Food Safety, Korea University, 126–1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136–705, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter V. Nunn
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168 Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205–5247, United States of America
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science & Food Safety, Korea University, 126–1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136–705, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Vora NM, Li Y, Geleishvili M, Emerson GL, Khmaladze E, Maghlakelidze G, Navdarashvili A, Zakhashvili K, Kokhreidze M, Endeladze M, Mokverashvili G, Satheshkumar PS, Gallardo-Romero N, Goldsmith CS, Metcalfe MG, Damon I, Maes EF, Reynolds MG, Morgan J, Carroll DS. Human infection with a zoonotic orthopoxvirus in the country of Georgia. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:1223-30. [PMID: 25806914 PMCID: PMC4692157 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1407647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During 2013, cutaneous lesions developed in two men in the country of Georgia after they were exposed to ill cows. The men had never received vaccination against smallpox. Tests of lesion material with the use of a quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction assay for non-variola virus orthopoxviruses were positive, and DNA sequence analysis implicated a novel orthopoxvirus species. During the ensuing epidemiologic investigation, no additional human cases were identified. However, serologic evidence of exposure to an orthopoxvirus was detected in cows in the patients' herd and in captured rodents and shrews. A third case of human infection that occurred in 2010 was diagnosed retrospectively during testing of archived specimens that were originally submitted for tests to detect anthrax. Orthopoxvirus infection should be considered in persons in whom cutaneous lesions develop after contact with animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Vora
- From the Epidemic Intelligence Service (N.M.V.), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (N.M.V., Y.L., G.L.E., P.S.S., N.G.-R., C.S.G., M.G.M., I.D., M.G.R., D.S.C.), and the Division of Global Health Protection (N.M.V., M.G., E.F.M., J.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; CDC Georgia Country Office (M.G., J.M.), National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (E.K., A.N., K.Z.), Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture (G. Maghlakelidze, M.K.), and Infectious Diseases, AIDS, and Clinical Immunology Research Center (M.E.), Tbilisi, and National Food Agency, Tianeti (G. Mokverashvili) - all in Georgia
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17
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Bourg M, Herzog S, Encarnação JA, Nobach D, Lange-Herbst H, Eickmann M, Herden C. Bicolored white-toothed shrews as reservoir for borna disease virus, Bavaria, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:2064-6. [PMID: 24274262 PMCID: PMC3840852 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.131076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Wang CQ, Gao JH, Li M, Guo WP, Lu MQ, Wang W, Hu MX, Li MH, Yang J, Liang HJ, Tian XF, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Co-circulation of Hantaan, Kenkeme, and Khabarovsk Hantaviruses in Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, China. Virus Res 2014; 191:51-8. [PMID: 25087879 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was first recognized in far eastern Asia in the 1930s, and has been highly prevalent in this region ever since. To reveal the molecular epidemiology of hantaviruses in this region, a total of 374 small mammals (eight species of rodents and one species of shrew) were captured in the Chinese part of the Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island (Heilongjiang Province). Hantavirus sequences were recovered from three striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius), 11 Maximowicz's voles (Microtus maximowiczii), and one flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three viruses: Hantaan virus (HTNV), Khabarovsk virus (KHAV), and Kenkeme virus (KKMV). HTNV sequences recovered from A. agrarius were closely related to those identified in Apodemus mice from the surrounding areas, while a new lineage of KHAV was present in M. maximowiczii. Additionally, while the viral sequences recovered from one flat-skulled shrew were most closely related to KKMV, their divergence to the prototype strain suggests that they represent a new viral subtype. Overall, these results suggest that Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island harbors considerable hantavirus diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Gao
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Qing Lu
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Man-Xia Hu
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Jie Liang
- Heilong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Feng Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Ling J, Sironen T, Voutilainen L, Hepojoki S, Niemimaa J, Isoviita VM, Vaheri A, Henttonen H, Vapalahti O. Hantaviruses in Finnish soricomorphs: evidence for two distinct hantaviruses carried by Sorex araneus suggesting ancient host-switch. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 27:51-61. [PMID: 24997334 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are emerging viruses carried by rodents, soricomorphs (shrews and moles) and bats. In Finland, Puumala virus (PUUV) was for years the only hantavirus detected. In 2009, however, Seewis virus (SWSV) was reported from archival common shrew (Sorex araneus) samples collected in 1982 in Finland. To elucidate the diversity of hantaviruses in soricomorphs in Finland, 180 individuals were screened, representing seven species captured from 2001 to 2012: hantavirus RNA was screened using RT-PCR, and hantaviral antigen using immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies raised against truncated SWSV nucleocapsid protein. The overall hantavirus RNA prevalence was 14% (26/180), antigen could be demonstrated in 9 of 20 SWSV RT-PCR positive common shrews. Genetic analyses revealed that four soricomorph-borne hantaviruses circulate in Finland, including Boginia virus (BOGV) in water shrew (Neomys fodiens) and Asikkala virus (ASIV) in pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus). Interestingly, on two study sites, common shrews harbored strains of two different hantaviruses: Seewis virus and a new distinct, genetically distant (identity 57% at amino acid level) virus (Altai-like virus) which clusters together with viruses in the basal phylogroup I of hantaviruses with 62-67% identity at amino acid level. This is the first evidence of coexistence of two clearly distinct hantavirus species circulating simultaneously in one host species population. The findings suggest an ancient host-switching event from a yet unknown host to S. araneus. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of partial S and M segment sequences showed that SWSV in Finland represents a unique genotype in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ling
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Liina Voutilainen
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Satu Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Veli-Matti Isoviita
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Kang HJ, Stanley WT, Esselstyn JA, Gu SH, Yanagihara R. Expanded host diversity and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in sub-Saharan Africa. J Virol 2014; 88:7663-7. [PMID: 24741077 PMCID: PMC4054438 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00285-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of hantaviruses in shrews and bats in West Africa suggests that other genetically distinct hantaviruses exist in East Africa. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of newfound hantaviruses, detected in archival tissues from the Geata mouse shrew (Myosorex geata) and Kilimanjaro mouse shrew ( Myosorex zinki) captured in Tanzania, expands the host diversity and geographic distribution of hantaviruses and suggests that ancestral shrews and/or bats may have served as the original mammalian hosts of primordial hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ji Kang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - William T Stanley
- Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob A Esselstyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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21
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Zuo SQ, Gong ZD, Fang LQ, Jiang JF, Zhang JS, Zhao QM, Cao WC. A new hantavirus from the stripe-backed shrew (Sorex cylindricauda) in the People's Republic of China. Virus Res 2014; 184:82-6. [PMID: 24553099 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the recent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses from insectivore species worldwide, we performed a small-scale search for insectivore-borne hantaviruses. In this paper, we report the discovery of a new hantavirus, which was designated the Qian Hu Shan virus (QHSV). This virus was detected in the lung tissues of three stripe-backed shrews (Sorex cylindricauda), which were captured in the Yunnan Province, China. The full-length S genomic segment of the representative QHSV strain YN05-284 was 1661 nucleotides and is predicted to encode a nucleocapsid protein of 429 amino acids that starts at nucleotide position 48. It exhibited the highest similarity with other Sorex-related hantaviruses, with 68.1%-72.8% nucleotide and 71.9%-84.4% amino acid sequence identities. An analysis of a 1430-nucleotide region of the partial M segment exhibited approximately 54.4%-79.5% nucleotide and 43.2%-90.8% amino acid sequence identities to other hantaviruses. A comparison of a 432-nucleotide region of the L segment also showed similar degrees of identity, with 68.9%-78.4% nucleotide and 71.1%-93.8% amino acid sequence identities to other hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian methods indicated that QHSV shared the most recent common ancestor with other Sorex-related hantaviruses. The host was identified using a morphological assessment and verified using mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-Cyt b) gene sequencing. A pair-wise comparison of the 1140-nucleotide mt-Cyt b gene sequence from the host demonstrated that the host was close to S. cylindricauda from Nepal with 94.3% identity. The virus-host association tanglegram, which was constructed using the Dendroscope software, indicated that the QHSV phylogeny and the host phylogeny were approximately matched, which suggests no evidence of host switching for QHSV. Our results contribute to a wider viewpoint regarding the heterogeneity of viruses that infect shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Zheng-Da Gong
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jiu-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Qiu-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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23
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Guo WP, Lin XD, Wang W, Tian JH, Cong ML, Zhang HL, Wang MR, Zhou RH, Wang JB, Li MH, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Phylogeny and origins of hantaviruses harbored by bats, insectivores, and rodents. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003159. [PMID: 23408889 PMCID: PMC3567184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are among the most important zoonotic pathogens of humans and the subject of heightened global attention. Despite the importance of hantaviruses for public health, there is no consensus on their evolutionary history and especially the frequency of virus-host co-divergence versus cross-species virus transmission. Documenting the extent of hantavirus biodiversity, and particularly their range of mammalian hosts, is critical to resolving this issue. Here, we describe four novel hantaviruses (Huangpi virus, Lianghe virus, Longquan virus, and Yakeshi virus) sampled from bats and shrews in China, and which are distinct from other known hantaviruses. Huangpi virus was found in Pipistrellus abramus, Lianghe virus in Anourosorex squamipes, Longquan virus in Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus sinicus, and Rhinolophus monoceros, and Yakeshi virus in Sorex isodon, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the available diversity of hantaviruses reveals the existence of four phylogroups that infect a range of mammalian hosts, as well as the occurrence of ancient reassortment events between the phylogroups. Notably, the phylogenetic histories of the viruses are not always congruent with those of their hosts, suggesting that cross-species transmission has played a major role during hantavirus evolution and at all taxonomic levels, although we also noted some evidence for virus-host co-divergence. Our phylogenetic analysis also suggests that hantaviruses might have first appeared in Chiroptera (bats) or Soricomorpha (moles and shrews), before emerging in rodent species. Overall, these data indicate that bats are likely to be important natural reservoir hosts of hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Dan Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hua Tian
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei-Li Cong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Miao-Ruo Wang
- Longquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longquan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Run-Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wójcik-Fatla A, Zając V, Knap JP, Sroka J, Cisak E, Sawczyn A, Dutkiewicz J. A small-scale survey of hantavirus in mammals from eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2013; 20:283-286. [PMID: 23772576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Samples of 30 dead small mammals each were collected on area 'A' located in eastern Poland which is exposed to flooding by the Vistula river, and on the area 'B', also located in eastern Poland but not exposed to flooding. Kidneys and livers of the mammals were examined by the PCR and nested PCR methods for the presence of hantavirus RNA. Out of 7 species of small mammals examined, the presence of hantaviruses was detected in 4 of them. Hantavirus prevalence was low in Apodemus agrarius (2.6%), the most numerous mammal species, whereas in the remaining 3 positive species (Microtus agrestis, Myodes glareolus, Sorex araneus) this was 12.5-100%. The presence of hantaviruses was detected only in the animals found on area 'A' exposed to flooding, and their prevalence was statistically greater compared to area 'B' not exposed to flooding (16.7% vs. 0%, p=0.0345). The overall positivity of the examined small mammals population from the areas 'A' and 'B' was 8.3%. The sequence analysis of the samples positive for hantavirus proved that the amplified products showed 77-86% homology with the L segment sequence of hantavirus Fusong-Mf-731 isolated from Microtus fortis in China. The presented study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of hantavirus infection in small mammals from eastern Poland, and the first to demonstrate the significant relationship between flooding and the prevalence of hantaviruses in small mammals.
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Arai S, Bennett SN, Sumibcay L, Cook JA, Song JW, Hope A, Parmenter C, Nerurkar VR, Yates TL, Yanagihara R. Phylogenetically distinct hantaviruses in the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78:348-351. [PMID: 18256444 PMCID: PMC2262799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited search for hantaviruses in lung and liver tissues of Sorex shrews (family Soricidae, subfamily Soricinae) revealed phylogenetically distinct hantaviruses in the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) from Minnesota and in the dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) from New Mexico and Colorado. The discovery of these shrew-borne hantaviruses, named Ash River virus and Jemez Springs virus, respectively, challenges the long-held dogma that rodents are the sole reservoir hosts and forces a re-examination of their co-evolutionary history. Also, studies now underway are aimed at clarifying the epizootiology and pathogenicity of these new members of the genus Hantavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Yanagihara
- Address correspondence to Richard Yanagihara, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB320L, Honolulu, HI 96813. E-mail:
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26
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Yadav PD, Vincent MJ, Nichol ST. Thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). Virol J 2007; 4:80. [PMID: 17711577 PMCID: PMC1997112 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thottapalayam (TPM) virus belongs to the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. The genomes of hantaviruses consist of three negative-stranded RNA segments (S, M and L) encoding the virus nucleocapsid (N), glycoprotein (Gn, Gc), and polymerase (L) proteins, respectively. The genus Hantavirus contains predominantly rodent-borne viruses, with the prominent exception of TPM virus which was isolated in India in 1964 from an insectivore, Suncus murinus, commonly referred to as the Asian house shrew or brown musk shrew. Analysis of the available TPM virus S (1530 nt) RNA genome segment sequence and the newly derived M (3621 nt) and L (6581 nt) segment sequences demonstrate that the entire TPM virus genome is very unique. Remarkably high sequence differences are seen at the nucleotide (up to S – 47%, M – 49%, L – 38%) and protein (up to N – 54%, Gn/Gc – 57% and L – 39%) levels relative to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with TPM virus having a unique host association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- Special Pathogen Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, 130/1 Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 21, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Martin J Vincent
- Special Pathogen Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Special Pathogen Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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27
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Klempa B, Fichet-Calvet E, Lecompte E, Auste B, Aniskin V, Meisel H, Barrière P, Koivogui L, ter Meulen J, Krüger DH. Novel hantavirus sequences in Shrew, Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:520-2. [PMID: 17554814 PMCID: PMC2725914 DOI: 10.3201/eid1303.061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klempa
- University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Brita Auste
- University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan ter Meulen
- Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Current affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Bakhvalova VN, Dobrotvorsky AK, Panov VV, Matveeva VA, Tkachev SE, Morozova OV. Natural tick-borne encephalitis virus infection among wild small mammals in the southeastern part of western Siberia, Russia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007; 6:32-41. [PMID: 16584325 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestation of small mammals, including common shrews Sorex araneus L., field mice Apodemus agrarius Pallas, and red voles Clethrionomus rutilus Schreber, with immature Ixodes persulcatus ticks and their infection with tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) were studied in the forest-steppe habitat in the vicinity of Novosibirsk, Russia. Larval ticks parasitize all three host species, but virtually all nymphs were found only on field mice and red voles. Detection of the viral RNA using reverse transcription (RT) with subsequent nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and of viral antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed a high prevalence of TBEV-positive animals in both the summer and winter. The proportion of small mammals with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies was significantly lower than with ELISA-detected antibodies. Taken together, the data suggest that small mammals may maintain TBEV as a persistent infection throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Bakhvalova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is the causative agent of severe T-cell-mediated meningoencephalitis in horses, sheep, and other animal species in central Europe. Here we report the first unequivocal detection of a BDV reservoir species, the bicolored white-toothed shrew, Crocidura leucodon, in an area in Switzerland with endemic Borna disease.
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30
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He J, Innis BL, Shrestha MP, Clayson ET, Scott RM, Linthicum KJ, Musser GG, Gigliotti SC, Binn LN, Kuschner RA, Vaughn DW. Evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis E virus for humans in Nepal. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4493-8. [PMID: 12454141 PMCID: PMC154618 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4493-4498.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. Sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis E have been reported recently in the United States and other industrialized countries. The source of HEV infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic transmission has been suggested. Antibodies to HEV have been detected in many animals in areas where HEV is endemic and in domestic swine and rats in the United States. There is evidence supporting HEV transmission between swine and humans. Nevertheless, HEV has not been detected in wild rodents. We tested murid rodents and house shrews trapped in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley, where hepatitis E is hyperendemic, for HEV infection. The most commonly trapped species was Rattus rattus brunneusculus. Serum samples from 675 animals were tested for immunoglobulin G against HEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; 78 (12%) were positive, indicating acute or past infection. Antibody prevalence was higher among R. rattus brunneusculus and Bandicota bengalensis than in Suncus murinus. Forty-four specimens from 78 antibody-positive animals had sufficient residual volume for detection of HEV RNA (viremia) by reverse transcription-PCR. PCR amplification detected four animals (9%; three were R. rattus brunneusculus and one was B. bengalensis) with viremia. Phylogenetic analysis of the four genome sequences (405 bp in the capsid gene) recovered showed that they were identical, most closely related to two human isolates from Nepal (95 and 96% nucleotide homology, respectively), and distinct from HEV sequences isolated elsewhere. These data prove that certain peridomestic rodents acquire HEV in the wild and suggest that cross-species transmission occurs, with rodents serving as a virus reservoir for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkun He
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Bruce L. Innis
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Mrigendra P. Shrestha
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Edward T. Clayson
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Robert M. Scott
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth J. Linthicum
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Guy G. Musser
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Scott C. Gigliotti
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Leonard N. Binn
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Robert A. Kuschner
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - David W. Vaughn
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Research Unit—Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
- Corresponding author. Present address: Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, 504 Scott St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5012. Phone: (301) 619-7882. Fax: (301) 619-2416. E-mail:
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Morvan JM, Nakouné E, Deubel V, Colyn M. [Forest ecosystems and Ebola virus]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2000; 93:172-5. [PMID: 11030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite data collected since the emergence of the Ebola virus in 1976, its natural transmission cycle and especially the nature of its reservoirs and means of transmission are still an enigma. This means that effective epidemiological surveillance and prevention are difficult to implement. The location of outbreak areas has suggested that the reservoir and the transmission cycle of the Ebola virus are closely linked to the rainforest ecosystem. The fact that outbreaks seldom occur suggests the presence of a rare animal reservoir having few contacts with man. Paradoxically, various serological investigations have shown a high prevalence in human beings, especially in forest areas of the Central African Republic (CAR), with no pathology associated. This would appear to suggest a circulation of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains as well as frequent contacts with man. The ecological changes resulting from human activity (agriculture and logging) account for the modification of the fauna (movement of rainforest fauna, introduction of savannah species) and could explain a multiplication of contacts. Likewise, it is interesting to note that the centre of outbreaks has always been in areas bordering on forests (ecotone foreset-savannah in the Democratic Republic of Congo, savannah in Sudan). All these considerations have led us to establish a permanent "watch" in areas bordering on forests in the CAR, involving a multidisciplinary approach to the virological study (strain isolation, molecular biology) of the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals. The results of a study conducted on 947 small mammals has shown for the first time the presence of the Ebola virus genome in two species of rodents and one species of shrew living in forest border areas. These animals must be considered as intermediary hosts and research should now focus on reservoirs in the ecosystem of forest border areas where contacts with man are likely to be more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Morvan
- Laboratoire des arbovirus, Institut Pasteur, Bangui, République Centrafricaine.
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Morvan JM, Deubel V, Gounon P, Nakouné E, Barrière P, Murri S, Perpète O, Selekon B, Coudrier D, Gautier-Hion A, Colyn M, Volehkov V. Identification of Ebola virus sequences present as RNA or DNA in organs of terrestrial small mammals of the Central African Republic. Microbes Infect 1999; 1:1193-201. [PMID: 10580275 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(99)00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of the Ebola (EBO) virus remains enigmatic. We tested for EBO virus in the organs of 242 small mammals captured during ecological studies in the Central African Republic. EBO virus glycoprotein or polymerase gene sequences were detected by reverse transcription PCR in RNA extracts of the organs of seven animals and by PCR in DNA extract of one animal. Neither live virus nor virus antigen was detected in any organ sample. Direct sequencing of amplicons identified the virus as being of the Zaire/Gabon subtype. Virus-like nucleocapsids were observed by electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of the spleen cells of one animal. The animals belonged to two genera of rodents (Muridae; Mus setulosus, Praomys sp1 and P. sp2) and one species of shrew (Soricidae; Sylvisorex ollula). These preliminary results provide evidence that common terrestrial small mammals living in peripheral forest areas have been in contact with the EBO virus and demonstrate the persistence of EBO virus RNA and DNA in the organs of the animals. Our findings should lead to better targeting of research into the life cycle of the EBO virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Morvan
- Laboratoire des arbovirus et virus des fièvres hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Bangui Bangui, Central African Republic
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Chastel C, Beaucournu JP, Chastel O, Legrand MC, Le Goff F. A herpesvirus from an European shrew (Crocidura russula). Acta Virol 1994; 38:309. [PMID: 7726008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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