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van der Pal Z, Walhovd KB, Amlien IK, Guichelaar CJ, Kaiser A, Bottelier MA, Geurts HM, Reneman L, Schrantee A. Stimulant medication use and apparent cortical thickness development in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a prospective longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1365159. [PMID: 38774436 PMCID: PMC11107082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stimulant medication is commonly prescribed as treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While we previously found that short-term stimulant-treatment influences apparent cortical thickness development in an age-dependent manner, it remains unknown whether these effects persist throughout development into adulthood. Purpose Investigate the long-term age-dependent effects of stimulant medication use on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults previously diagnosed with ADHD. Methods This prospective study included the baseline and 4-year follow-up assessment of the "effects of Psychotropic drugs On the Developing brain-MPH" ("ePOD-MPH") project, conducted between June-1-2011 and December-28-2019. The analyses were pre-registered (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/32BHF). T1-weighted MR scans were obtained from male adolescents and adults, and cortical thickness was estimated for predefined regions of interest (ROIs) using Freesurfer. We determined medication use and assessed symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression at both time points. Linear mixed models were constructed to assess main effects and interactions of stimulant medication use, time, and age group on regional apparent cortical thickness. Results A total of 32 male adolescents (aged mean ± SD, 11.2 ± 0.9 years at baseline) and 24 men (aged mean ± SD, 29.9 ± 5.0 years at baseline) were included that previously participated in the ePOD-MPH project. We found no evidence for long-term effects of stimulant medication use on ROI apparent cortical thickness. As expected, we did find age-by-time interaction effects in all ROIs (left prefrontal ROI: P=.002, right medial and posterior ROIs: P<.001), reflecting reductions in apparent cortical thickness in adolescents. Additionally, ADHD symptom severity (adolescents: P<.001, adults: P=.001) and anxiety symptoms (adolescents: P=0.03) were reduced, and more improvement of ADHD symptoms was associated with higher medication use in adults (P=0.001). Conclusion We found no evidence for long-term effects of stimulant-treatment for ADHD on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults. The identified age-dependent differences in apparent cortical thickness development are consistent with existing literature on typical cortical development.
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Boots A, Schrantee A, Wiegersma AM, Aflalo S, Groot PFC, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR. Brain activity during Stroop task performance at age 74 after exposure to the Dutch famine during early gestation. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106162. [PMID: 38703528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poorer performance on the Stroop task has been reported after prenatal famine exposure at age 58, potentially indicating cognitive decline. We investigated whether brain activation during Stroop task performance at age 74 differed between individuals exposed to famine prenatally, individuals born before and individuals conceived after the famine. METHOD In the Dutch famine birth cohort, we performed a Stroop task fMRI study of individuals exposed (n = 22) or unexposed (born before (n = 18) or conceived after (n = 25)) to famine in early gestation. We studied group differences in task-related mean activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Additionally, we explored potential disconnectivity of the DLPFC using psychophysiological interaction analysis. RESULTS We observed similar activation patterns in the DLPFC, ACC and PPC in individuals born before and individuals exposed to famine, while individuals conceived after famine had generally higher activation patterns. However, activation patterns were not significantly different between groups. Task-related decreases in connectivity were observed between left DLPFC-left PPC and right DLPFC-right PPC, but were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Although not statistically significant, the observed patterns of activation may reflect a combined effect of general brain aging and prenatal famine exposure.
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van Hooijdonk CFM, Balvers MGJ, van der Pluijm M, Smith CLC, de Haan L, Schrantee A, Yaqub M, Witkamp RF, van de Giessen E, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Booij J, Selten JP. Endocannabinoid levels in plasma and neurotransmitters in the brain: a preliminary report on patients with a psychotic disorder and healthy individuals. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38389452 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and neurotransmitter systems might mediate the risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Consequently, we investigated in patients with SSD and healthy controls (HC) the relations between (1) plasma concentrations of two prototypical endocannabinoids (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [anandamide] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]) and (2) striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC), and glutamate and y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). As anandamide and 2-AG might reduce the activity of these neurotransmitters, we hypothesized negative correlations between their plasma levels and the abovementioned neurotransmitters in both groups. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 18 patients and 16 HC to measure anandamide and 2-AG plasma concentrations. For all subjects, we acquired proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans to assess Glx (i.e. glutamate plus glutamine) and GABA + (i.e. GABA plus macromolecules) concentrations in the ACC. Ten patients and 14 HC also underwent [18F]F-DOPA positron emission tomography for assessment of striatal DSC. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relations between the outcome measures. RESULTS A negative association between 2-AG plasma concentration and ACC Glx concentration was found in patients (p = 0.008). We found no evidence of other significant relationships between 2-AG or anandamide plasma concentrations and dopaminergic, glutamatergic, or GABAergic measures in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest an association between peripheral 2-AG and ACC Glx levels in patients.
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Afzali-Hashemi L, Dovern E, Baas KPA, Schrantee A, Wood JC, Nederveen AJ, Nur E, Biemond BJ. Cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in adult patients with sickle cell disease after stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:163-171. [PMID: 37859469 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia associated with impaired cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative treatment for patients with SCD. Whereas normalization of hemoglobin levels and hemolysis markers has been reported after HSCT, its effects on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in adult SCD patients remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the effects of HSCT on cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen delivery, cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) in 17 adult SCD patients (mean age: 25.0 ± 8.0, 6 females) before and after HSCT and 10 healthy ethnicity-matched controls (mean age: 28.0 ± 8.8, 6 females) using MRI. For the CVR assessment, perfusion scans were performed before and after acetazolamide as a vasodilatory stimulus. Following HSCT, gray and white matter (GM and WM) CBF decreased (p < .01), while GM and WM CVR increased (p < .01) compared with the baseline measures. OEF and CMRO2 also increased towards levels in healthy controls (p < .01). The normalization of cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism corresponded with a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and decreases in reticulocytes, total bilirubin, and LDH as markers of hemolysis (p < .01). This study shows that HSCT results in the normalization of cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism, even in adult patients with SCD. Future follow-up MRI scans will determine whether the observed normalization of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism prevents new silent cerebral infarcts.
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van der Pluijm M, Alting M, Schrantee A, Edden RAE, Booij J, de Haan L, van de Giessen E. Glutamate and GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in treatment resistant first episode psychosis patients. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:471-478. [PMID: 38277736 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 30 % of schizophrenia patients do not respond sufficiently to conventional antipsychotic treatment. Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may be implicated in treatment resistant (TR) patients. Some data indicate that TR patients show increased glutamate levels compared to responders, but findings are inconclusive and limited in the early disease stage. Furthermore, the two neurotransmitters have rarely been assessed in conjunction. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of GABA+ and glutamate in first episode TR patients and explore whether these neurometabolites could be potential predictive markers for TR schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and GABA including macromolecules (GABA+) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 58 first episode psychosis patients. At six months follow-up treatment response was determined and in a subgroup of 33 patients a follow-up MRS scan was acquired. STUDY RESULTS Glx and GABA+ levels were not significantly different between TR patients and responders at baseline and the levels did not change at six months follow-up. The groups differed in voxel fractions, which could have influenced our results even though we corrected for these differences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not provide evidence that ACC Glx or GABA+ levels are potential biomarkers for TR in first episode psychosis. Future research needs to take in to account voxel fractions and report potential differences. Comparison with previous literature suggests that illness duration, clozapine responsiveness and medication effects may partly explain the heterogeneous results on Glx and GABA+ levels in TR.
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Belov V, Erwin-Grabner T, Aghajani M, Aleman A, Amod AR, Basgoze Z, Benedetti F, Besteher B, Bülow R, Ching CRK, Connolly CG, Cullen K, Davey CG, Dima D, Dols A, Evans JW, Fu CHY, Gonul AS, Gotlib IH, Grabe HJ, Groenewold N, Hamilton JP, Harrison BJ, Ho TC, Mwangi B, Jaworska N, Jahanshad N, Klimes-Dougan B, Koopowitz SM, Lancaster T, Li M, Linden DEJ, MacMaster FP, Mehler DMA, Melloni E, Mueller BA, Ojha A, Oudega ML, Penninx BWJH, Poletti S, Pomarol-Clotet E, Portella MJ, Pozzi E, Reneman L, Sacchet MD, Sämann PG, Schrantee A, Sim K, Soares JC, Stein DJ, Thomopoulos SI, Uyar-Demir A, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, Völzke H, Whittle S, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Wu MJ, Yang TT, Zarate C, Veltman DJ, Schmaal L, Thompson PM, Goya-Maldonado R. Multi-site benchmark classification of major depressive disorder using machine learning on cortical and subcortical measures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1084. [PMID: 38212349 PMCID: PMC10784593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity in the neuroimaging field due to their potential for classifying neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the diagnostic predictive power of the existing algorithms has been limited by small sample sizes, lack of representativeness, data leakage, and/or overfitting. Here, we overcome these limitations with the largest multi-site sample size to date (N = 5365) to provide a generalizable ML classification benchmark of major depressive disorder (MDD) using shallow linear and non-linear models. Leveraging brain measures from standardized ENIGMA analysis pipelines in FreeSurfer, we were able to classify MDD versus healthy controls (HC) with a balanced accuracy of around 62%. But after harmonizing the data, e.g., using ComBat, the balanced accuracy dropped to approximately 52%. Accuracy results close to random chance levels were also observed in stratified groups according to age of onset, antidepressant use, number of episodes and sex. Future studies incorporating higher dimensional brain imaging/phenotype features, and/or using more advanced machine and deep learning methods may yield more encouraging prospects.
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van de Weijer MP, Vermeulen J, Schrantee A, Munafò MR, Verweij KJH, Treur JL. The potential role of gray matter volume differences in the association between smoking and depression: A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105497. [PMID: 38100958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use and major depression are both leading contributors to the global burden of disease and are also highly comorbid. Previous research indicates bi-directional causality between tobacco use and depression, but the mechanisms that underlie this causality are unclear, especially for the causality from tobacco use to depression. Here we narratively review the available evidence for a potential causal role of gray matter volume in the association. We summarize the findings of large existing neuroimaging meta-analyses, studies in UK Biobank, and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through MetaAnalysis (ENIGMA) consortium and assess the overlap in implicated brain areas. In addition, we review two types of methods that allow us more insight into the causal nature of associations between brain volume and depression/smoking: longitudinal studies and Mendelian Randomization studies. While the available evidence suggests overlap in the alterations in brain volumes implicated in tobacco use and depression, there is a lack of research examining the underlying pathophysiology. We conclude with recommendations on (genetically-informed) causal inference methods useful for studying these associations.
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Hendriks J, Mutsaerts HJ, Joules R, Peña-Nogales Ó, Rodrigues PR, Wolz R, Burchell GL, Barkhof F, Schrantee A. A systematic review of (semi-)automatic quality control of T1-weighted MRI scans. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:31-42. [PMID: 38047983 PMCID: PMC10761394 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans degrade image quality and thus negatively affect the outcome measures of clinical and research scanning. Considering the time-consuming and subjective nature of visual quality control (QC), multiple (semi-)automatic QC algorithms have been developed. This systematic review presents an overview of the available (semi-)automatic QC algorithms and software packages designed for raw, structural T1-weighted (T1w) MRI datasets. The objective of this review was to identify the differences among these algorithms in terms of their features of interest, performance, and benchmarks. METHODS We queried PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Web of Science databases on the fifth of January 2023, and cross-checked reference lists of retrieved papers. Bias assessment was performed using PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool). RESULTS A total of 18 distinct algorithms were identified, demonstrating significant variations in methods, features, datasets, and benchmarks. The algorithms were categorized into rule-based, classical machine learning-based, and deep learning-based approaches. Numerous unique features were defined, which can be roughly divided into features capturing entropy, contrast, and normative measures. CONCLUSION Due to dataset-specific optimization, it is challenging to draw broad conclusions about comparative performance. Additionally, large variations exist in the used datasets and benchmarks, further hindering direct algorithm comparison. The findings emphasize the need for standardization and comparative studies for advancing QC in MR imaging. Efforts should focus on identifying a dataset-independent measure as well as algorithm-independent methods for assessing the relative performance of different approaches.
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Boucherie DE, Reneman L, Booij J, Martins D, Dipasquale O, Schrantee A. Modulation of functional networks related to the serotonin neurotransmitter system by citalopram: Evidence from a multimodal neuroimaging study. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1209-1217. [PMID: 37947344 PMCID: PMC10714691 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231211154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the functional brain response to SSRIs involves neural circuits beyond regions with high 5-HTT expression. Currently, it is unclear whether and how changes in 5-HTT availability after SSRI administration modulate brain function of key serotoninergic circuits, including those characterized by high availability of the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). AIM We investigated the association between 5-HTT availability and 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched functional connectivity (FC) after an acute citalopram challenge. METHODS We analyzed multimodal data from a dose-response, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, in which 45 healthy women were randomized into three groups receiving placebo, a low (4 mg), or high (16 mg) oral dose of citalopram. Receptor-Enhanced Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets was used to estimate 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched FC from resting-state and task-based fMRI. 5-HTT availability was determined using [123I]FP-CIT single-photon emission computerized tomography. RESULTS 5-HTT availability was negatively correlated with resting-state 5-HTT-enriched FC, and with task-dependent 5-HT1AR-enriched FC. Our exploratory analyses revealed lower 5-HT1AR-enriched FC in the low-dose group compared to the high-dose group at rest and the placebo group during the emotional face-matching task. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide evidence for differential links between 5-HTT availability and brain function within 5-HTT and 5-HT1AR pathways and in context- and dose-dependent manner. As such, they support a potential pivotal role of the 5-HT1AR in the effects of citalopram on the brain and add to its potential as a therapeutic avenue for mood and anxiety disturbances.
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Slomp M, de Lange IGS, Mul JD, Schrantee A, la Fleur SE. Investigating Habenula Functional Connectivity and Reward-Related Activity in Obesity Using Human Connectome Project Data. Brain Connect 2023; 13:541-552. [PMID: 37578129 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The habenula, a brain region involved in aversion, might negatively modulate caloric intake. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies reported associations between weight loss and habenula functional connectivity. However, whether habenula resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and reward-related activity are altered in obesity is yet unknown. Methods: Using data from the Human Connectome Project, we included 300 subjects with various body mass indexes (BMIs) and a healthy long-term blood glucose (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]). In addition, we investigated a potential BMI × HbA1c interaction in a separate cohort including subjects with prediabetes (n = 72). Habenula rsFC was assessed using a region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis. Furthermore, a separate analysis using gambling task fMRI data focused on reward-related habenula activity. Results: We did not find an association between BMI and habenula rsFC for any of the ROIs. For the exploratory analysis of the BMI × HbA1c effect, a significant interaction effect was found for the habenula-ventral tegmental area (VTA) connection, but this did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Monetary punishment compared with reward activated the bilateral habenula in the BMI sample, but this activity was not associated with BMI. Discussion: In conclusion, we did not find evidence for an association between BMI and habenula rsFC or reward-related activity. However, there might be an interaction between BMI and HbA1c for the habenula-VTA rsFC, suggestive of a role of the habenula in glucose regulation. Future studies should focus on metabolic parameters in their experimental design to confirm our findings and explore the precise role of the habenula in metabolism.
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Boucherie DE, Reneman L, Ruhé HG, Schrantee A. Neurometabolite changes in response to antidepressant medication: A systematic review of 1H-MRS findings. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103517. [PMID: 37812859 PMCID: PMC10563053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and (es)ketamine are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). These different types of medication may involve common neural pathways related to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, both of which have been implicated in MDD pathology. We conducted a systematic review of pharmacological proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies in healthy volunteers and individuals with MDD to explore the potential impact of these medications on glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase and included randomized controlled trials or cohort studies, which assessed the effects of SSRIs, SNRIs, or (es)ketamine on glutamate, glutamine, Glx or GABA using single-voxel 1H-MRS or Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI). Additionally, studies were included when they used a field strength > 1.5 T, and when a comparison of metabolite levels between antidepressant treatment and placebo or baseline with post-medication metabolite levels was done. We excluded animal studies, duplicate publications, or articles with 1H-MRS data already described in another included article. Twenty-nine studies were included in this review. Fifteen studies investigated the effect of administration or treatment with SSRIs or SNRIs, and fourteen studies investigated the effect of (es)ketamine on glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels. Studies on SSRIs and SNRIs were highly variable, generally underpowered, and yielded no consistent findings across brain regions or specific populations. Although studies on (es)ketamine were also highly variable, some demonstrated an increase in glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in a time-dependent manner after administration. Our findings highlight the need for standardized study and acquisition protocols. Additionally, measuring metabolites dynamically over time or combining 1H-MRS with whole brain functional imaging techniques could provide valuable insights into the effects of these medications on glutamate and GABAergic neurometabolism.
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van Galen KA, Schrantee A, Ter Horst KW, la Fleur SE, Booij J, Constable RT, Schwartz GJ, DiLeone RJ, Serlie MJ. Brain responses to nutrients are severely impaired and not reversed by weight loss in humans with obesity: a randomized crossover study. Nat Metab 2023:10.1038/s42255-023-00816-9. [PMID: 37308722 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-ingestive nutrient signals to the brain regulate eating behaviour in rodents, and impaired responses to these signals have been associated with pathological feeding behaviour and obesity. To study this in humans, we performed a single-blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover study in 30 humans with a healthy body weight (females N = 12, males N = 18) and 30 humans with obesity (females N = 18, males N = 12). We assessed the effect of intragastric glucose, lipid and water (noncaloric isovolumetric control) infusions on the primary endpoints cerebral neuronal activity and striatal dopamine release, as well as on the secondary endpoints plasma hormones and glucose, hunger scores and caloric intake. To study whether impaired responses in participants with obesity would be partially reversible with diet-induced weight loss, imaging was repeated after 10% diet-induced weight loss. We show that intragastric glucose and lipid infusions induce orosensory-independent and preference-independent, nutrient-specific cerebral neuronal activity and striatal dopamine release in lean participants. In contrast, participants with obesity have severely impaired brain responses to post-ingestive nutrients. Importantly, the impaired neuronal responses are not restored after diet-induced weight loss. Impaired neuronal responses to nutritional signals may contribute to overeating and obesity, and ongoing resistance to post-ingestive nutrient signals after significant weight loss may in part explain the high rate of weight regain after successful weight loss.
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Breedt LC, Santos FAN, Hillebrand A, Reneman L, van Rootselaar AF, Schoonheim MM, Stam CJ, Ticheler A, Tijms BM, Veltman DJ, Vriend C, Wagenmakers MJ, van Wingen GA, Geurts JJG, Schrantee A, Douw L. Multimodal multilayer network centrality relates to executive functioning. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:299-321. [PMID: 37339322 PMCID: PMC10275212 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) is a higher order cognitive process that is thought to depend on a network organization facilitating integration across subnetworks, in the context of which the central role of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) has been described across imaging and neurophysiological modalities. However, the potentially complementary unimodal information on the relevance of the FPN for EF has not yet been integrated. We employ a multilayer framework to allow for integration of different modalities into one 'network of networks.' We used diffusion MRI, resting-state functional MRI, MEG, and neuropsychological data obtained from 33 healthy adults to construct modality-specific single-layer networks as well as a single multilayer network per participant. We computed single-layer and multilayer eigenvector centrality of the FPN as a measure of integration in this network and examined their associations with EF. We found that higher multilayer FPN centrality, but not single-layer FPN centrality, was related to better EF. We did not find a statistically significant change in explained variance in EF when using the multilayer approach as compared to the single-layer measures. Overall, our results show the importance of FPN integration for EF and underline the promise of the multilayer framework toward better understanding cognitive functioning.
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Kaiser A, Broeder C, Cohen JR, Douw L, Reneman L, Schrantee A. Effects of a single-dose methylphenidate challenge on resting-state functional connectivity in stimulant-treatment naive children and adults with ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4664-4675. [PMID: 35781371 PMCID: PMC9491277 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that methylphenidate, the primary pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alters functional brain connectivity. As the neurotransmitter systems targeted by methylphenidate undergo significant alterations throughout development, the effects of methylphenidate on functional connectivity may also be modulated by age. Therefore, we assessed the effects of a single methylphenidate challenge on brain network connectivity in stimulant-treatment naïve children and adults with ADHD. We obtained resting-state functional MRI from 50 boys (10-12 years of age) and 49 men (23-40 years of age) with ADHD (DSM IV, all subtypes), before and after an oral challenge with 0.5 mg/kg methylphenidate; and from 11 boys and 12 men as typically developing controls. Connectivity strength (CS), eigenvector centrality (EC), and betweenness centrality (BC) were calculated for the striatum, thalamus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In line with our hypotheses, we found that methylphenidate decreased measures of connectivity and centrality in the striatum and thalamus in children with ADHD, but increased the same metrics in adults with ADHD. Surprisingly, we found no major effects of methylphenidate in the dACC and PFC in either children or adults. Interestingly, pre-methylphenidate, participants with ADHD showed aberrant connectivity and centrality compared to controls predominantly in frontal regions. Our findings demonstrate that methylphenidate's effects on connectivity of subcortical regions are age-dependent in stimulant-treatment naïve participants with ADHD, likely due to ongoing maturation of dopamine and noradrenaline systems. These findings highlight the importance for future studies to take a developmental perspective when studying the effects of methylphenidate treatment.
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van Genderen JG, Chia C, Van den Hof M, Mutsaerts HJMM, Reneman L, Pajkrt D, Schrantee A. Brain Differences in Adolescents Living With Perinatally Acquired HIV Compared With Adoption Status Matched Controls: A Cross-sectional Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e1676-e1684. [PMID: 35940898 PMCID: PMC9559945 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) exhibit cognitive impairment, of which structural changes could be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism. Prior MRI studies found lower brain volumes, higher white matter (WM) hyperintensity (WMH) volume, lower WM integrity, and differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, these findings may be confounded by adoption status, as a large portion of adolescents with PHIV have been adopted. Adoption has been associated with malnutrition and neglect, which, in turn, may have affected brain development. We investigated the long-term effects of PHIV on the brain, while minimizing the confounding effect of adoption status. METHODS We determined whole-brain gray matter (GM) and WM volume with 3D T1-weighted scans; total WMH volume with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; CBF in the following regions of interest (ROIs): WM, GM, and subcortical GM with arterial spin labeling; and whole-brain WM microstructural markers: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) with diffusion tensor imaging in cART-treated adolescents with PHIV visiting our outpatient clinic in Amsterdam and controls matched for age, sex, ethnic origin, socioeconomic status, and adoption status. We assessed differences in neuroimaging parameters between adolescents with PHIV and controls using linear regression models adjusted for age and sex and applied multiple comparison correction. RESULTS Thirty-five adolescents with PHIV and 38 controls were included with a median age of 14.9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 10.7-18.5) and 15.6 (IQR: 11.1-17.6) years, respectively, with a similar rate of adoption. We found a lower overall FA (beta = -0.012; p < 0.014, -2.4%), a higher MD (beta = 0.014, p = 0.014, 1.3%), and a higher RD (beta = 0.02, p = 0.014, 3.3%) in adolescents with PHIV vs adoption-matched controls, but no differences in AD. We found comparable GM, WM, and WMH volume and CBF in ROIs between adolescents with PHIV and controls. We did not find an association between cognitive profiles and WM microstructural markers in adolescents with PHIV. DISCUSSION Irrespective of adoption status, adolescents with PHIV exhibited subtle lower WM integrity. Our findings may point toward early-acquired WM microstructural alterations associated with HIV.
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van Ruiten CC, Veltman DJ, Schrantee A, van Bloemendaal L, Barkhof F, Kramer MHH, Nieuwdorp M, IJzerman RG. Effects of Dapagliflozin and Combination Therapy With Exenatide on Food-Cue Induced Brain Activation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2590-e2599. [PMID: 35134184 PMCID: PMC9113812 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) cause less weight loss than expected based on urinary calorie excretion. This may be explained by SGLT2i-induced alterations in central reward and satiety circuits, leading to increased appetite and food intake. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are associated with reduced appetite and body weight, mediated by direct and indirect central nervous system (CNS) effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated the separate and combined effects of dapagliflozin and exenatide on the CNS in participants with obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS This was a 16-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Obese participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 64, age 63.5 ± 0.9 years, BMI 31.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2) were randomized (1:1:1:1) to dapagliflozin 10 mg with exenatide-matched placebo, exenatide twice daily 10 µg with dapagliflozin-matched placebo, dapagliflozin and exenatide, or double placebo. Using functional MRI, the effects of treatments on CNS responses to viewing food pictures were assessed after 10 days and 16 weeks of treatment. RESULTS After 10 days, dapagliflozin increased, whereas exenatide decreased CNS activation in the left putamen. Combination therapy had no effect on responses to food pictures. After 16 weeks, no changes in CNS activation were observed with dapagliflozin, but CNS activation was reduced with dapagliflozin-exenatide in right amygdala. CONCLUSION The early increase in CNS activation with dapagliflozin may contribute to the discrepancy between observed and expected weight loss. In combination therapy, exenatide blunted the increased CNS activation observed with dapagliflozin. These findings provide further insights into the weight-lowering mechanisms of SGLT2i and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Afzali-Hashemi L, Václavů L, Wood JC, Biemond BJ, Nederveen AJ, Mutsaerts HJ, Schrantee A. Assessment of functional shunting in patients with sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2022; 107:2708-2719. [PMID: 35548868 PMCID: PMC9614535 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) are common in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and are thought to be caused by a mismatch between oxygen delivery and consumption. Functional cerebrovascular shunting is defined as reduced oxygen offloading due to the rapid transit of blood through the capillaries caused by increased flow and has been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying reduced oxygenation and SCI. We investigated the venous arterial spin labeling signal (VS) in the sagittal sinus as a proxy biomarker of cerebral functional shunting, and its association with hemodynamic imaging and hematological laboratory parameters. We included 28 children and 38 adults with SCD, and ten healthy racematched adult controls. VS, cerebral blood flow (CBF), velocity in the brain feeding arteries, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured before and after acetazolamide administration. VS was higher in patients with SCD compared to controls (P<0.01) and was increased after acetazolamide administration in all groups (P<0.01). VS was primarily predicted by CBF (P<0.01), but CBF-corrected VS was also associated with decreased CMRO2 (P<0.01). Additionally, higher disease severity defined by low hemoglobin and increased hemolysis was associated with higher CBF-corrected VS. Finally, CMRO2 was negatively correlated with fetal hemoglobin, and positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase, which could be explained by changes in oxygen affinity. These findings provide evidence for cerebral functional shunting and encourage future studies investigating the potential link to aberrant capillary exchange in SCD.
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Schalbroeck R, de Geus-Oei LF, Selten JP, Yaqub M, Schrantee A, van Amelsvoort T, Booij J, van Velden FHP. Cerebral [ 18F]-FDOPA Uptake in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Association with Autistic Traits. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122404. [PMID: 34943640 PMCID: PMC8700159 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic signaling is believed to be related to autistic traits. We conducted an exploratory 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]-FDOPA PET/CT) study, to examine cerebral [18F]-FDOPA influx constant (kicer min−1), reflecting predominantly striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and a mixed monoaminergic innervation in extrastriatal neurons, in 44 adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 22 controls, aged 18 to 30 years. Autistic traits were assessed with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Region-of-interest and voxel-based analyses showed no statistically significant differences in kicer between autistic adults and controls. In autistic adults, striatal kicer was significantly, negatively associated with AQ attention to detail subscale scores, although Bayesian analyses did not support this finding. In conclusion, among autistic adults, specific autistic traits can be associated with reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. However, replication of this finding is necessary.
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Tahmasian M, Aleman A, Andreassen OA, Arab Z, Baillet M, Benedetti F, Bresser T, Bright J, Chee MW, Chylinski D, Cheng W, Deantoni M, Dresler M, Eickhoff SB, Eickhoff CR, Elvsåshagen T, Feng J, Foster-Dingley JC, Ganjgahi H, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Ho TC, Hong SB, Houenou J, Irungu B, Jahanshad N, Khazaie H, Kim H, Koshmanova E, Kocevska D, Kochunov P, Lakbila-Kamal O, Leerssen J, Li M, Luik AI, Muto V, Narbutas J, Nilsonne G, O’Callaghan VS, Olsen A, Osorio RS, Poletti S, Poudel G, Reesen JE, Reneman L, Reyt M, Riemann D, Rosenzweig I, Rostampour M, Saberi A, Schiel J, Schmidt C, Schrantee A, Sciberras E, Silk TJ, Sim K, Smevik H, Soares JC, Spiegelhalder K, Stein DJ, Talwar P, Tamm S, Teresi GI, Valk SL, Van Someren E, Vandewalle G, Van Egroo M, Völzke H, Walter M, Wassing R, Weber FD, Weihs A, Westlye LT, Wright MJ, Wu MJ, Zak N, Zarei M. ENIGMA-Sleep: Challenges, opportunities, and the road map. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13347. [PMID: 33913199 PMCID: PMC8803276 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging and genetics studies have advanced our understanding of the neurobiology of sleep and its disorders. However, individual studies usually have limitations to identifying consistent and reproducible effects, including modest sample sizes, heterogeneous clinical characteristics and varied methodologies. These issues call for a large-scale multi-centre effort in sleep research, in order to increase the number of samples, and harmonize the methods of data collection, preprocessing and analysis using pre-registered well-established protocols. The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium provides a powerful collaborative framework for combining datasets across individual sites. Recently, we have launched the ENIGMA-Sleep working group with the collaboration of several institutes from 15 countries to perform large-scale worldwide neuroimaging and genetics studies for better understanding the neurobiology of impaired sleep quality in population-based healthy individuals, the neural consequences of sleep deprivation, pathophysiology of sleep disorders, as well as neural correlates of sleep disturbances across various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this introductory review, we describe the details of our currently available datasets and our ongoing projects in the ENIGMA-Sleep group, and discuss both the potential challenges and opportunities of a collaborative initiative in sleep medicine.
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Koert A, Ploeger A, Bockting CL, Schmidt MV, Lucassen PJ, Schrantee A, Mul JD. The social instability stress paradigm in rat and mouse: A systematic review of protocols, limitations, and recommendations. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100410. [PMID: 34926732 PMCID: PMC8648958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social stress is an important environmental risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety disorders. Social stress paradigms are commonly used in rats and mice to gain insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders. The social instability stress (SIS) paradigm entails frequent (up to several times a week) introduction of one or multiple unfamiliar same-sex home-cage partners. The subsequent recurring formation of a new social hierarchy results in chronic and unpredictable physical and social stress. PURPOSE We compare and discuss the stress-related behavioral and physiological impact of SIS protocols in rat and mouse, and address limitations due to protocol variability. We further provide practical recommendations to optimize reproducibility of SIS protocols. METHODS We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA statement in the following three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Our search strategy was not restricted to year of publication but was limited to articles in English that were published in peer-reviewed journals. Search terms included "social* instab*" AND ("animal" OR "rodent" OR "rat*" OR "mice" OR "mouse"). RESULTS Thirty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. Fifteen articles used a SIS protocol in which the composition of two cage mates is altered daily for sixteen days (SIS16D). Eleven articles used a SIS protocol in which the composition of four cage mates is altered twice per week for 49 days (SIS49D). The remaining seven studies used SIS protocols that differed from these two protocols in experiment duration or cage mate quantity. Behavioral impact of SIS was primarily assessed by quantifying depressive-like, anxiety-like, social-, and cognitive behavior. Physiological impact of SIS was primarily assessed using metabolic parameters, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and the assessment of neurobiological parameters such as neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. CONCLUSION Both shorter and longer SIS protocols induce a wide range of stress-related behavioral and physiological impairments that are relevant for the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. To date, SIS16D has only been reported in rats, whereas SIS49D has only been reported in mice. Given this species-specific application as well as variability in reported SIS protocols, additional studies should determine whether SIS effects are protocol duration- or species-specific. We address several issues, including a lack of consistency in the used SIS protocols, and suggest practical, concrete improvements in design and reporting of SIS protocols to increase standardization and reproducibility of this etiologically relevant preclinical model of social stress.
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Hui SCN, Mikkelsen M, Zöllner HJ, Ahluwalia V, Alcauter S, Baltusis L, Barany DA, Barlow LR, Becker R, Berman JI, Berrington A, Bhattacharyya PK, Blicher JU, Bogner W, Brown MS, Calhoun VD, Castillo R, Cecil KM, Choi YB, Chu WCW, Clarke WT, Craven AR, Cuypers K, Dacko M, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Desmond P, Domagalik A, Dumont J, Duncan NW, Dydak U, Dyke K, Edmondson DA, Ende G, Ersland L, Evans CJ, Fermin ASR, Ferretti A, Fillmer A, Gong T, Greenhouse I, Grist JT, Gu M, Harris AD, Hat K, Heba S, Heckova E, Hegarty JP, Heise KF, Honda S, Jacobson A, Jansen JFA, Jenkins CW, Johnston SJ, Juchem C, Kangarlu A, Kerr AB, Landheer K, Lange T, Lee P, Levendovszky SR, Limperopoulos C, Liu F, Lloyd W, Lythgoe DJ, Machizawa MG, MacMillan EL, Maddock RJ, Manzhurtsev AV, Martinez-Gudino ML, Miller JJ, Mirzakhanian H, Moreno-Ortega M, Mullins PG, Nakajima S, Near J, Noeske R, Nordhøy W, Oeltzschner G, Osorio-Duran R, Otaduy MCG, Pasaye EH, Peeters R, Peltier SJ, Pilatus U, Polomac N, Porges EC, Pradhan S, Prisciandaro JJ, Puts NA, Rae CD, Reyes-Madrigal F, Roberts TPL, Robertson CE, Rosenberg JT, Rotaru DG, O'Gorman Tuura RL, Saleh MG, Sandberg K, Sangill R, Schembri K, Schrantee A, Semenova NA, Singel D, Sitnikov R, Smith J, Song Y, Stark C, Stoffers D, Swinnen SP, Tain R, Tanase C, Tapper S, Tegenthoff M, Thiel T, Thioux M, Truong P, van Dijk P, Vella N, Vidyasagar R, Vovk A, Wang G, Westlye LT, Wilbur TK, Willoughby WR, Wilson M, Wittsack HJ, Woods AJ, Wu YC, Xu J, Lopez MY, Yeung DKW, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Zupan G, Edden RAE. Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118430. [PMID: 34314848 PMCID: PMC8456751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites. METHOD A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the first 5:20 min (64 transients), median (interquartile range) drift was 0.44 (1.29) Hz before fMRI and 0.83 (1.29) Hz after. This increased to 3.15 (4.02) Hz for the full 30 min (360 transients) run. Average drift rates were 0.29 Hz/min before fMRI and 0.43 Hz/min after. Paired t-tests indicated that drift increased after fMRI, as expected (p < 0.05). Simulated spectra convolved with the frequency drift showed that the intensity of the NAA singlet was reduced by up to 26%, 44 % and 18% for GE, Philips and Siemens scanners after fMRI, respectively. ICCs indicated good agreement between datasets acquired on separate days. The single site long acquisition showed drift rate was reduced to 0.03 Hz/min approximately three hours after fMRI. DISCUSSION This study analyzed frequency drift data from 95 3T MRI scanners. Median levels of drift were relatively low (5-min average under 1 Hz), but the most extreme cases suffered from higher levels of drift. The extent of drift varied across scanners which both linear and nonlinear drifts were observed.
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van Galen KA, Booij J, Schrantee A, Adriaanse SM, Unmehopa UA, Fliers E, Schwartz GJ, DiLeone RJ, Ter Horst KW, la Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. The response to prolonged fasting in hypothalamic serotonin transporter availability is blunted in obesity. Metabolism 2021; 123:154839. [PMID: 34331964 PMCID: PMC8994212 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the brain are essential for homeostatic and reward-associated regulation of food intake and systemic energy metabolism. It is largely unknown how fasting influences these systems or if such effects are altered in humans with obesity. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of fasting on hypothalamic/thalamic serotonin transporter (SERT) and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in lean subjects and subjects with obesity. METHODS In this randomized controlled cross-over trial, we assessed the effects of 12 vs 24 h of fasting on SERT and DAT availability in the hypothalamus/thalamus and striatum, respectively, using SPECT imaging in 10 lean men and 10 men with obesity. RESULTS As compared with the 12-h fast, a 24-h fast increased hypothalamic SERT availability in lean men, but not in men with obesity. We observed high inter-individual variation in the effects of fasting on thalamic SERT and striatal DAT, with no differences between lean men and those with obesity. In all subjects, fasting-induced increases in circulating free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were associated with an increase in hypothalamic SERT availability and a decrease in striatal DAT availability. Multiple regression analysis showed that changes in plasma insulin and FFAs together accounted for 44% of the observed variation in striatal DAT availability. CONCLUSION Lean men respond to prolonged fasting by increasing hypothalamic SERT availability, whereas this response is absent in men with obesity. Inter-individual differences in the adaptations of the cerebral serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to fasting may, in part, be explained by changes in peripheral metabolic signals of fasting, including FFAs and insulin.
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Postema MC, Hoogman M, Ambrosino S, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bandeira CE, Baranov A, Bau CH, Baumeister S, Baur-Streubel R, Bellgrove MA, Biederman J, Bralten J, Brandeis D, Brem S, Buitelaar JK, Busatto GF, Castellanos FX, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Chantiluke KC, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Cubillo AI, Cupertino RB, de Zeeuw P, Doyle AE, Durston S, Earl EA, Epstein JN, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Frodl T, Gabel MC, Gogberashvili T, Grevet EH, Haavik J, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Heslenfeld DJ, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Høvik MF, Jernigan TL, Kardatzki B, Karkashadze G, Kelly C, Kohls G, Konrad K, Kuntsi J, Lazaro L, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Louza MR, Lundervold AJ, Malpas CB, Mattos P, McCarthy H, Namazova-Baranova L, Rosa N, Nigg JT, Novotny SE, Weiss EO, Tuura RLO, Oosterlaan J, Oranje B, Paloyelis Y, Pauli P, Picon FA, Plessen KJ, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reif A, Reneman L, Rosa PG, Rubia K, Schrantee A, Schweren LJ, Seitz J, Shaw P, Silk TJ, Skokauskas N, Vila JCS, Stevens MC, Sudre G, Tamm L, Tovar-Moll F, van Erp TG, Vance A, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, von Polier GG, Walitza S, Yoncheva YN, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Glahn DC, Jahanshad N, Medland SE, Thompson PM, Fisher SE, Franke B, Francks C. Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1202-1219. [PMID: 33748971 PMCID: PMC8455726 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. METHODS We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. RESULTS There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p = .04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p = .01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from -0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study-wide correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait.
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Han LKM, Dinga R, Hahn T, Ching CRK, Eyler LT, Aftanas L, Aghajani M, Aleman A, Baune BT, Berger K, Brak I, Filho GB, Carballedo A, Connolly CG, Couvy-Duchesne B, Cullen KR, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Dima D, Duran FLS, Enneking V, Filimonova E, Frenzel S, Frodl T, Fu CHY, Godlewska BR, Gotlib IH, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Hall GB, Harrison BJ, Hatton SN, Hermesdorf M, Hickie IB, Ho TC, Hosten N, Jansen A, Kähler C, Kircher T, Klimes-Dougan B, Krämer B, Krug A, Lagopoulos J, Leenings R, MacMaster FP, MacQueen G, McIntosh A, McLellan Q, McMahon KL, Medland SE, Mueller BA, Mwangi B, Osipov E, Portella MJ, Pozzi E, Reneman L, Repple J, Rosa PGP, Sacchet MD, Sämann PG, Schnell K, Schrantee A, Simulionyte E, Soares JC, Sommer J, Stein DJ, Steinsträter O, Strike LT, Thomopoulos SI, van Tol MJ, Veer IM, Vermeiren RRJM, Walter H, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, Whalley H, Winter NR, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Wu MJ, Völzke H, Yang TT, Zannias V, de Zubicaray GI, Zunta-Soares GB, Abé C, Alda M, Andreassen OA, Bøen E, Bonnin CM, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Cannon D, Caseras X, Chaim-Avancini TM, Elvsåshagen T, Favre P, Foley SF, Fullerton JM, Goikolea JM, Haarman BCM, Hajek T, Henry C, Houenou J, Howells FM, Ingvar M, Kuplicki R, Lafer B, Landén M, Machado-Vieira R, Malt UF, McDonald C, Mitchell PB, Nabulsi L, Otaduy MCG, Overs BJ, Polosan M, Pomarol-Clotet E, Radua J, Rive MM, Roberts G, Ruhe HG, Salvador R, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Savitz J, Schene AH, Schofield PR, Serpa MH, Sim K, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Sutherland AN, Temmingh HS, Timmons GM, Uhlmann A, Vieta E, Wolf DH, Zanetti MV, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Veltman DJ, Penninx BWJH, Marquand AF, Cole JH, Schmaal L. Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5124-5139. [PMID: 32424236 PMCID: PMC8589647 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 samples worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted "brain age" and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen's d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.
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Grants
- RF1 AG041915 NIA NIH HHS
- G0802594 Medical Research Council
- R01 MH083968 NIMH NIH HHS
- MR/L010305/1 Medical Research Council
- R01 MH116147 NIMH NIH HHS
- T32 AG058507 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HD050735 NICHD NIH HHS
- R21 MH113871 NIMH NIH HHS
- T35 AG026757 NIA NIH HHS
- R56 AG058854 NIA NIH HHS
- K23 MH090421 NIMH NIH HHS
- Wellcome Trust
- R61 AT009864 NCCIH NIH HHS
- P41 EB015922 NIBIB NIH HHS
- P20 GM121312 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R37 MH101495 NIMH NIH HHS
- P41 RR008079 NCRR NIH HHS
- T32 MH073526 NIMH NIH HHS
- 104036/Z/14/Z Wellcome Trust
- UL1 TR001872 NCATS NIH HHS
- Department of Health
- U54 EB020403 NIBIB NIH HHS
- R01 MH117601 NIMH NIH HHS
- MR/R024790/2 Medical Research Council
- K01 MH117442 NIMH NIH HHS
- R01 MH085734 NIMH NIH HHS
- R21 AT009173 NCCIH NIH HHS
- RF1 AG051710 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG059874 NIA NIH HHS
- CC was supported by NIH grants U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- The study was supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant FKZ-01ER0816 and FKZ-01ER1506)
- Dr. Busatto was supported by the funding agencies FAPESP and CNPq, Brazil
- Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
- This study was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Project Grants 1064643 (Principal Investigator BJH) and 1024570 (Principal Investigator CGD).
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
- This work was supported by NIH grant R37 MH101495
- The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is part of the Community Medicine Research net (CMR) (http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/icm) of the University Medicine Greifswald, which is supported by the German Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania. MRI scans in SHIP and SHIP-TREND have been supported by a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. This study was further supported by the EU-JPND Funding for BRIDGET (FKZ:01ED1615).
- Gratama Foundation, the Netherlands (2012/35 to NG)
- This work was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via grants to OG (GR1950/5-1 and GR1950/10-1).
- This study was supported by the following National Health and Medical Research Council funding sources: Programme Grant (no. 566529), Centres of Clinical Research Excellence Grant (no. 264611), Australia Fellowship (no. 511921) and Clinical Research Fellowship (no. 402864).
- This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental health grant K23MH090421 (D. Cullen) and Biotechnology Research Center grant P41RR008079 (Center for Magnetic Resonance Research), the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, and the Minnesota Medical Foundation. This work was carried out in part using computing resources at the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute.
- This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FOR2107 KR 3822/7-2 to AK; FOR2107 KI 588/14-2 to TK and FOR2107 JA 1890/7-2 to AJ)
- The research leading to these results was supported by IMAGEMEND, which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 602450. This paper reflects only the author’s views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work was also supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 104036/Z/14/Z
- The QTIM dataset was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Project Grants No. 496682 and 1009064) and US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development(RO1HD050735)
- MJP was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spanish Government (ISCIII) through a "Miguel Servet II" (CP16/00020)
- Jair C. Soares supported by the Pat Rutherford Chair in Psychiatry, UTHealth. Jair Soares has received research support from Allergan, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Alquermes and COMPASS. He is a member of the speakers’ bureaus for Sunovion and Sanofi and he is a consultant for Johnson & Johnson.
- The QTIM dataset was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Project Grants No. 496682 and 1009064) and US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RO1HD050735)
- SIT was supported in part by NIH grants U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- The CODE cohort was collected from studies funded by Lundbeck and the German Research Foundation (WA 1539/4-1, SCHN 1205/3-1, SCHR443/11-1)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (142255)
- Fundet by Research Council of Norway (223273, 248778, 273291), NIH (ENIGMA grants)
- Funded by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority and a research grant from Mrs. Throne-Holst.
- This work was supported by the Health Research Board, Ireland and the Irish Research Council
- The Cardiff dataset was supported through a 2010 NARSAD Young Investigator Award (ref: 17319) to Dr. Xavier Caseras
- This work was supported by the FRM (Fondation pour la recherche Biomédicale) "Bio-informatique pour la biologie" 2014 grant
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (103703, 106469), Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, Dalhousie Clinical Research Scholarship to T. Hajek, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD) 2007 Young Investigator and 2015 Independent Investigator Awards to T. Hajek
- This work was supported by the University Research Council of the University of Cape Town and the National Research Foundation of South Africa.
- Australian NHMRC Program Grant 1037196 and Project Grants 1063960 and 1066177.
- This work was supported by research grants from Grenoble University Hospital
- This work was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 1573) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CPII16/00018) and (PI14/01151 and PI14/01148).
- The DIADE dataset was suported by a ZonMW OOG 2007 grant (100-002-034). HG Ruhe was supported by a ZonMW VENI grant (016.126.059)
- JS is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312) and the National Insitute of Mental Health (R21MH113871)
- Dr. Mauricio was supported by the funding agencies CAPES, Brazil
- This study was supported by R01MH083968, Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, and the US National Science Foundation (Science Gateways Community Institutes; XSEDE).
- GT's work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Grant T35 AG026757/AG/NIA and the University of California San Diego, Stein Institute for Research on Aging
- "EV thanks the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PI15/00283) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I y cofinanciado por el ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); CIBERSAM; and the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya to the Bipolar Disorders Group (2017 SGR 1365) and the project SLT006/17/00357, from PERIS 2016-2020 (Departament de Salut). CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. "
- Dr. Zanetti was supported by FAPESP, Brazil (grant no. 2013/03905-4).
- NIH grants R01 MH117601, R01 AG059874, U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- PT was supported in part by NIH grants U54 EB020403, RF1 AG041915, RF1AG051710, P41EB015922, R01MH116147, and R56AG058854
- Dr Cole is funded by a UKRI Innovation Fellowship
- This work was supported by NIH grants U54 EB020403 and R01 MH116147. LS is supported by a NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (1140764).
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Kaiser A, Bottelier MA, de Ruiter MB, Solleveld MM, Tamminga HGH, Bouziane C, Geurts HM, Lindauer RJL, Kooij JJS, Lucassen PJ, Schrantee A, Reneman L. Effects of prolonged methylphenidate treatment on amygdala reactivity and connectivity: a randomized controlled trial in stimulant treatment-naive, male participants with ADHD. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:152-163. [PMID: 38665807 PMCID: PMC10917223 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Problems with emotional processing are widely reported in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although methylphenidate (MPH) effectively alleviates inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD, its effects on emotional processing and internalizing symptoms have remained elusive. While we previously found that acute MPH administration modulated neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in an age-dependent manner, the effects of prolonged administration remained unknown. Objectives Therefore, we investigated: (i) whether prolonged MPH treatment influences neural substrates (amygdala reactivity and connectivity) of emotional processing, and (ii) whether these effects are modulated by age. Methods The "effects of Psychotropic drugs On Developing brain-MPH" ("ePOD-MPH") randomized controlled trial was a 16-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial with MPH in 50 boys (10-12 years of age) and 49 men (23-40 years of age), all stimulant treatment-naive and diagnosed with ADHD. Participants performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed their symptoms of ADHD and internalizing symptoms at baseline, during the trial (8 weeks), and 1 week after the trial end (17 weeks). Results and Conclusions We did not find effects of prolonged MPH treatment on emotional processing, as measured by amygdala reactivity and connectivity and internalizing symptoms in this trial with stimulant treatment-naive participants. This differs from our findings on emotional processing following acute MPH administration and the effects of prolonged MPH treatment on the dopamine system, which were both modulated by age. Interestingly, prolonged MPH treatment did improve ADHD symptoms, although depressive and anxiety symptoms showed a medication-independent decrease. Furthermore, our data indicate that baseline internalizing symptoms may be used to predict MPH treatment effects on ADHD symptoms, particularly in (male) adults with ADHD.
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