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Miya MB, Ashutosh, Maulishree, Chandra Gupta P, Pathak V, Mishra R, Chaturvedi P, Kalani A. Therapeutic effects of OXY- Exo Aloe in diabetic wound injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 731:150398. [PMID: 39032360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing are common complications for diabetic patients. In light of chronic hypoxia's delay in wound healing, it is hypothesized that providing a better oxygen environment at the wound site will promote diabetic wound healing. OXY-ExoAloe is an innovative and effective therapy prepared from exosome-like vesicles of aloe vera gel, ginger juice and neem fruit sap. A combination of three herbal, oxygen-delivering and medicinally valued plants was standardized to determine if the combination had the desired effect. Interestingly, when we used OXY-ExoAloe at a particular ratio on a diabetic wound, the herbal therapy speeded up wound healing by reducing swelling, and the severity of the wound. Further, our data suggests that OXY-ExoAloe promoted wound healing by increasing wound oxygenation, reducing inflammation, cytokine production, and matrix remodeling. It is also safe and effective, with no reported side effects.
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Downward GS, Hystad P, Tasmin S, Abe SK, Saito E, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Malekzadeh R, You SL, Ahsan H, Park SK, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Etemadi A, Chen CJ, Shin A, Chen Y, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Lan Q, Vermeulen RCH. Long-term exposure to particulate matter and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an analysis of multiple Asian cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108803. [PMID: 38870578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with a significant number of deaths. Much of the evidence associating air pollution with adverse effects is from North American and Europe, partially due to incomplete data in other regions limiting location specific examinations. The aim of the current paper is to leverage satellite derived air quality data to examine the relationship between ambient particulate matter and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asia. METHODS Six cohorts from the Asia Cohort Consortium provided residential information for participants, recruited between 1991 and 2008, across six countries (Bangladesh, India, Iran, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). Ambient particulate material (PM2·5) levels for the year of enrolment (or 1998 if enrolled earlier) were assigned utilizing satellite and sensor-based maps. Cox proportional models were used to examine the association between ambient air pollution and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (all cancer, lung cancer, cardiovascular and lung disease). Models were additionally adjusted for urbanicity (representing urban and built characteristics) and stratified by smoking status in secondary analyses. Country-specific findings were pooled via random-effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS More than 300,000 participants across six cohorts were included, representing more than 4-million-person years. A positive relationship was observed between a 5 µg/m (Dockery et al., 1993) increase in PM2·5 and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1·06, 95 % CI: 0.99, 1·13). The additional adjustment for urbanicity resulted in increased associations between PM2.5 and mortality outcomes, including all-cause mortality (1·04, 95 % CI: 0·97, 1·11). Results were generally similar regardless of whether one was a current, never, or ex-smoker. INTERPRETATION Using satellite and remote sensing technology we showed that associations between PM2.5 and all-cause and cause-specific Hazard Ratios estimated are similar to those reported for U.S. and European cohorts. FUNDING This project was supported by the Health Effects Institute. Grant number #4963-RFA/18-5. Specific funding support for individual cohorts is described in the Acknowledgements.
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Gupta PC, Divya KH, De S, Johari S, Jayapalan G, Gupta MK, Gupta A, Reddy JS. Microbiology proficiency testing in fish and fishery products: detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:62-68. [PMID: 38192716 PMCID: PMC10771392 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of two proficiency testing (PT) rounds conducted by the Export Inspection Agency (EIA) Chennai laboratory in 2021 for food testing laboratories in India. The PT program was designed in accordance with ISO/TS 22117, a standard for proficiency testing in food microbiology, and targeted Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp as the organisms of focus. The samples were found to be stable and recoverable during the analysis, and all PT sample packages were delivered to participant laboratories in good condition. The participant laboratories reported high sensitivity rates of 100% for PT round 061021 M and 96.49% for PT round 050721 M. The accuracy rate in PT round 061021 M was 91.89% and 92.10% in case of PT round 050721 M. However, there were some false positive and false negative results reported by some participant laboratories in both PT rounds, which may have been caused by operational errors or inconsistencies in analysis. During the PT round 061021 M, out of a total of 38 participant laboratories, five laboratories reported false positive results and one laboratory reported a false negative result. Similarly, during the PT round 050721 M, six laboratories reported false positive results which resulted in their results being deemed unsatisfactory.
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Bhargava SS, Das S, Priya H, Mishra D, Shivabasappa S, Sood A, Hazarika CR, Gupta PC, Chakma JK, Swasticharan L, Sinha P, Munish VG, Gupta SR. The Burden and Correlates of Waterpipe (Hookah) Smoking among Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:29-40. [PMID: 37907086 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review evaluated the available medical literature on the prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking among adolescents and youth in jurisdictionally representative populations. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies from inception until 31 December 2022 that reported the burden of waterpipe smoking among adolescents and youth (10-24 years of age). We extracted qualitative data on the demographic characteristics, burden, and correlates of waterpipe smoking (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022310982). RESULTS A total of 2,197 articles were screened and 62 were included in the analysis. The majority (29) of the studies was from the United States of America and there were no studies from the south-east Asian region. The prevalence of ever waterpipe smoking among the 10-24 years age group was noted to be 18.16% (95% CI, 18.03-18.29). The prevalence of current (30-day) waterpipe smoking was 6.43% (95% CI, 6.34-6.50). The age of initiation of waterpipe smoking was variable. The prevalence of waterpipe smoking was higher among males, among those who belong to the high- and middle-income groups, and among university students. The common risk factors of waterpipe smoking included cigarette smoking, alcohol, and substance use. Waterpipe smoking resulted in increased susceptibility to the use of conventional forms of tobacco (e.g. smoking) among those who were never smokers. CONCLUSION Waterpipe smoking usage was significantly high among adolescents and young adults. Developing regulatory guidelines for water-pipe smoking, surveillance of its use, intervention, and specific policy frameworks may be considered a public health priority.
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Hecht SS, Gupta PC, Sturla SJ, Wang Y. 50 Years of Research on Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines: A Virtual Collection of Emerging Knowledge of Chemical Toxicology of Tobacco and Nicotine Delivery Systems and Call for Contributions to a Landmark Special Issue. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:899-900. [PMID: 35635503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gupta PC, Kar A, Sharma N, Singh PK, Goswami NK, Kumar S. Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats. Ann Med 2021; 53:1696-1708. [PMID: 34555996 PMCID: PMC8475150 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1981548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The fruit of Garcinia is a rich and valuable source of bioactive compounds and is traditionally used for treating wounds and ulcers. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of chromatographically standardized fruit extract of Garcinia cowa (GCE) on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The effect of GCE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated by determining various gastric ulcer parameters like gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and gastric histopathological study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of GCE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (p < .01) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index by 18.94-44.02%, respectively. Pre-treatment of rats with GCE (400 mg/kg) significantly restored the depleted gastric wall mucus level by 34.09% and NP-SH content by 33.35% induced by ethanol administration. In addition, GCE (400 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in microvascular permeability of Evans Blue by 47.43%, rationalizing its protective effect. Furthermore, a significant increase in oxidative enzyme levels with reduction in malondialdehyde level and elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the GCE treated group as compared to the ulcer control group. The histopathological assessment also confirmed the protective nature of GCE. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 0.27%, 0.11% w/w gallic acid, and amentoflavone, respectively in GCE. The content of α-mangostin and xanthochymol in the G. cowa extract sample quantified by HPLC-PDA method was 0.72 and 8.46%, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the protective effect of GCE against gastric ulcers in rats through multiple actions confirmed by the reduction of oxidative stress and restoration of adhered gastric mucus, NP-SH content, and histological architecture.KEY MESSAGESEthanol is the most typical ulcerogenic agent and has been shown to extend the risk of ulcer in humans.Natural products are promising alternative medication for the development of new drugs to regulate gastrointestinal diseases.Garcinia cowa protects the gastric mucosa through multiple actions that include restoration of adhered gastric mucus and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
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Nagler EM, Aghi M, Rathore A, Lando H, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Stoddard AM, Kenwood C, Penningroth B, Sinha DN, Sorensen G. Factors associated with successful tobacco use cessation among teachers in Bihar state, India: a mixed-method study. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2020; 35:60-73. [PMID: 31999824 PMCID: PMC6991618 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although tobacco use is declining in several countries including India (dropping from 35% in 2009-10 to 29% 2016-17 among adults)-it still poses a huge burden on India, as the world's second largest consumer of tobacco products. In Bihar state, with a prevalence of 25%, the Bihar School Teachers Study (BSTS) successfully enlisted teachers as role models for encouraging quitting and changing social norms pertaining to tobacco. The study used a mixed-methods approach to identify factors associated with teachers' quitting. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups with teachers and school principals. Quantitative data were collected through a written survey administered to school personnel post-intervention. Key findings from focus groups were that teachers and principals quit using tobacco and promoted cessation because they wanted to model positive behaviors; specific information about tobacco's harms aided cessation; and the BSTS intervention facilitated a school environment that supported quitting. Survey results indicated teachers who reported knowing people who quit using tobacco in the prior year were far more likely to quit as were teachers who reported that their school's tobacco policy was completely enforced. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data yielded important insights with strong implications for future interventions.
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Khurana S, Gupta PC, Balamurugan R, Sharma VK, Ram J. Crystalline cataract in diabetes. QJM 2020; 113:57. [PMID: 31086962 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Balamurugan R, Gupta PC, Kashyap H, Ram J. Risperidone-induced cataract in a young female. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 68:214. [PMID: 31856527 PMCID: PMC6951157 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1517_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Saito E, Rahman MS, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Gao YT, Koh WP, Shu XO, Tsuji I, Sadakane A, Nagata C, You SL, Yuan JM, Shin MH, Chen Y, Pan WH, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Cai H, Xiang YB, Ozasa K, Tomata Y, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Wada K, Wang R, Ahn YO, Yoo KY, Ahsan H, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Kang D, Potter JD, Inoue M, Zheng W, Nan H. Association between educational level and total and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of over 694 000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026225. [PMID: 31444178 PMCID: PMC6707688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of educational level and risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer among Asian populations. DESIGN A pooled analysis of 15 population-based cohort studies. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 694 434 Asian individuals from 15 prospective cohorts within the Asia Cohort Consortium. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality, as well as for CVD-specific mortality and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS A total of 694 434 participants (mean age at baseline=53.2 years) were included in the analysis. During a mean follow-up period of 12.5 years, 103 023 deaths were observed, among which 33 939 were due to cancer and 34 645 were due to CVD. Higher educational levels were significantly associated with lower risk of death from all causes compared with a low educational level (≤primary education); HRs and 95% CIs for secondary education, trade/technical education and ≥university education were 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92), 0.81 (0.73 to 0.90) and 0.71 (0.63 to 0.80), respectively (ptrend=0.002). Similarly, HRs (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97), 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) and 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) for cancer death, and 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93), 0.77 (0.66 to 0.91) and 0.67 (0.58 to 0.77) for CVD death with increasing levels of education (both ptrend <0.01). The pattern of the association among East Asians and South Asians was similar compared with ≤primary education; HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality associated with ≥university education was 0.72 (0.63 to 0.81) among 539 724 East Asians (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) and 0.61 (0.54 to 0.69) among 154 710 South Asians (Indians and Bangladeshis). CONCLUSION Higher educational level was associated with substantially lower risk of death among Asian populations.
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Sharma VK, Gupta PC, Ram J. Trachoma and Herbert's pits. QJM 2019; 112:457. [PMID: 30590853 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gupta PC, Balamurugan R, Ram J. Ocular and systemic manifestations of alkaptonuria. QJM 2019; 112:369. [PMID: 30476261 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gupta PC, Pawar PS, Mathur N, Adhikari K, Codeira LS, Stoddard AM, Sorensen G. Scaling up a tobacco control intervention in low resource settings: a case example for school teachers in India. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2018; 33:218-231. [PMID: 29757377 PMCID: PMC5961014 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research on processes of bringing effective tobacco control interventions to scale to increase quit rates among tobacco users is uncommon. This study examines processes to bring to scale one such intervention for school teachers, i.e. Tobacco Free Teacher-Tobacco Free Society (TFT-TFS). This intervention provides a foundation for an effective and low cost approach to promote cessation through schools. The present study was conducted in the states of Bihar and Maharashtra in 2014 using quantitative and qualitative methods. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were analysed using immersion crystallization method. The data presented are from a survey of 291 principals and seven FGDs. This study examined characteristics of principals and teachers, organizational environment, external environmental factors and program characteristics to determine facilitators and barriers for successful dissemination and implementation of the TFT-TFS program. Some facilitators were, incorporation of the program in existing channels like staff meetings and trainings, certification and recognition by the department of education; while some barriers were routine time bound duties (mainly teaching) of teachers and prevalence of tobacco use among teachers and administrators. Principals and teachers expressed a need and high level of interest in the adoption and implementation of the TFT-TFS program in their schools.
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Parakh R, Krishna PR, Amin P, Bedi VS, Desai S, Dumra HS, Gupta PC, Gupta V, Hydrabadi R, Kamerkar D, Mahajan N, Pai P, Patel P, Rai K, Sekhar R, Selvaraj D, Sharma A, Subrammaniyan SR. Consensus on Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis with Emphasis on NOACs (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants): Recommendations from Inter-Disciplinary Group of Indian Experts. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2016; 64:7-26. [PMID: 28825231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that around 2.5 lac patients are identified as having an acute venous thrombo-embolic event in India annually. This includes patients with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and is estimated to result in more than 3.7 lacs deaths each year in European countries. The 'Consensus on Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis with Emphasis on NOACs (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants): Recommendations from Inter-Disciplinary Group of Indian Experts' position paper was developed to assist clinicians and institutions with an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis patients. Key to the evaluation of patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis is the use of the clinician's clinical evaluation with the help of pre-test probability tools as well as judicious use of objective diagnostic tests. Our hope is that we have supplemented clinicians' clinical acumen, and assisted them and their health systems in developing best practice approaches to this ever-interesting population of patients. The Deep Vein Thrombosis Consensus Working Group welcomes your inputs on how improvements might be made on this paper in the future.
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Gupta PC, Ram J. Dexamethasone implant in diabetic macular edema in real-life situations. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1650. [PMID: 27518545 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Dhumal GG, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Sansone GC, Quah ACK, Bansal-Travers M, Fong GT. Quit history, intentions to quit, and reasons for considering quitting among tobacco users in India: findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation India Wave 1 Survey. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51 Suppl 1:S39-45. [PMID: 25526247 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global Adult Tobacco Survey India 2009-2010 revealed that more than one-third (35%) of adults in India use tobacco in some form: 21% use smokeless tobacco, 9% smoke, and 5% are mixed users (they smoke and use smokeless tobacco), and the quit rate is very low. In an effort to decrease prevalence of tobacco use, it is thus important to understand the factors that are related to intention to quit among Indian tobacco users. Research has shown consistently that intention to quit is a strong predictor of future quitting. The present study reports the factors encouraging quitting tobacco products in India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from Wave 1 of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation India Survey conducted in four cities and surrounding rural areas (i.e. Mumbai [Maharashtra], Patna [Bihar], Indore [Madhya Pradesh], and Kolkata [West Bengal]) between August 2010 and December 2011 were analyzed. A total of 8051 tobacco users (15+ years) were randomly sampled from 8586 households: 1255 smokers, 5991 smokeless users, and 805 mixed (smoke and smokeless) users. Validated, standardized questions were asked about current tobacco use, intention to quit, and factors encouraging quitting. RESULTS Overall, 19.6% of tobacco users intended to quit. Smokers had less intention to quit as compared to smokeless tobacco users whereas mixed users had more intention to quit (odds ratio [OR] =1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.12-1.97) compared to smokeless tobacco users. Highly educated people were more likely to report intention to quit (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.09-3.02) compared to less educated. Advice by doctors to quit tobacco had a strong impact on intention to quit (OR = 1.68, CI = 1.29-2.15). Tobacco users who were exposed to antitobacco messages at work places (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.23-2.46), at restaurants (OR = 1.65, CI = 1.12-2.43), bars (OR = 1.81, CI = 1.07-3.06), on public transportation (OR = 2.14, CI = 1.49-3.08) and on tobacco packages (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.29-2.14) also expressed greater intention to quit tobacco use. CONCLUSION Around one-fifth of tobacco users in India intended to quit tobacco use. Higher education, doctor's advice, and antitobacco messages were positively associated with users' intention to quit tobacco.
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Sinha DN, Palipudi KM, Gupta PC, Singhal S, Ramasundarahettige C, Jha P, Indrayan A, Asma S, Vendhan G. Smokeless tobacco use: a meta-analysis of risk and attributable mortality estimates for India. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51 Suppl 1:S73-7. [PMID: 25526253 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is widely prevalent in India and Indian subcontinent. Cohort and case-control studies in India and elsewhere report excess mortality due to its use. OBJECTIVE The aim was to estimate the SLT use-attributable deaths in males and females, aged 35 years and older, in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prevalence of SLT use in persons aged 35 years and older was obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in India and population size and deaths in the relevant age-sex groups were obtained from UN estimates (2010 revision) for 2008. A meta-relative risk (RR) based population attributable fraction was used to estimate attributable deaths in persons aged 35 years and older. A random effects model was used in the meta-analysis on all-cause mortality from SLT use in India including four cohort and one case-control study. The studies included in the meta-analysis were adjusted for smoking, age and education. RESULTS The prevalence of SLT use in India was 25.2% for men and 24.5% for women aged 35 years and older. RRs for females and males were 1.34 (1.27-1.42) and 1.17 (1.05-1.42), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to SLT use in India is estimated to be 368127 (217,076 women and 151,051 men), with nearly three-fifth (60%) of these deaths occurring among women. CONCLUSION SLT use caused over 350,000 deaths in India in 2010, and nearly three-fifth of SLT use-attributable deaths were among women in India. This calls for targeted public health intervention focusing on SLT products especially among women.
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Gupta PC, Ray CS, Murti PR, Sinha DN. Rising incidence of oral cancer in Ahmedabad city. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51 Suppl 1:S67-72. [PMID: 25526252 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 1999, an increase in mouth cancer incidence among young men (< 50 years) in urban Ahmedabad was reported to be occurring along with decreasing mouth cancer incidence in older age groups and increasing oral submucous fibrosis incidence associated with areca nut consumption among young men in Gujarat. The aim was to investigate whether the increase in the incidence mouth cancer that had started among young men in the 1990 s was continuing. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Ahmedabad urban population, comparison of reported mouth cancer cases in the population across four time period. METHODS Age-specific incidence rates of mouth cancer (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9:143-5; ICD-10:C03-06) in five year age groups among men aged ≥ 15 years for the city of Ahmedabad for years 1985, 1995, 2007 and 2010 were extracted from published reports. For comparison, lung cancer (ICD-9:169; ICD-10:C33-C34) rates were also abstracted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED A cohort approach was used for further analysis of mouth cancer incidence. Age adjusted incidence rates of mouth and lung cancer for men aged ≥ 15 years were calculated and compared. RESULTS The age specific incidence rates of mouth cancer among men increased over the 25-year period while lung cancer rates showed a net decrease. Using a cohort approach for mouth cancer, a rapid increase in younger age cohorts was found. CONCLUSIONS Mouth cancer incidence increased markedly among men in urban Ahmedabad between 1985 and 2010, apparently due to increasing consumption of areca nut products, mawa and gutka. Gutka has now been banned all over India, but a more vigorous implementation is necessary.
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Sharma N, Gupta PC, Rao CV. Therapeutic hypoglycemic potential of Pentapetes phoenicea L. in experimentally induced hyperglycemic rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:709-14. [PMID: 26031005 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.709.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found all over the world and is becoming a serious threat to the mankind health. Alternative to synthetic agents, plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of 70% alcoholic extract of Pentapetesphoenicea (PPE) on blood glucose level in glucose loaded, normal and experimentally induced diabetic rats. Based on the acute toxicity test, two variable doses (250, 500 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) of hydro-alcoholic extract of P. phoenicea leaves were compared with glibenclamide for the influence on fasting blood glucose in glucose loaded, normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg kg(-1), i.p.) induced hyperglycemic rats. All the statistical comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test using Graph Pad Prism 4.01 v for windows (Graph Pad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). The difference showing a p level of 0.05 or lower was considered to be statistically significant. The administration of PPE in two doses and glibenclamide (5 mg kg(-1)) to STZ induced hyperglycemic animals significantly lowered the blood glucose levels with 18.84% (p<0.01) for PPE 250 mg kg and 38.89% (p<0.001) for PPE 500 mg kg(-1) in a dose dependant manner. Considering all the results obtained, the study concludes that the hydro-alcoholic extract of P. phoenicea leaves produced promising decrease in blood glucose levels in STZ induced hyperglycemic rats which might be related to tannins, terpenoids, sterols and flavonoid contents.
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Cordeira LS, Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gautam J, Wallace L, Stoddard AM, Gupta PC, Sorensen GC. Experiences recruiting Indian worksites for an integrated health protection and health promotion randomized control trial in Maharashtra, India. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2015; 30:412-421. [PMID: 25796269 PMCID: PMC4434951 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the recruitment strategies utilized in the Mumbai Worksites Tobacco Control Study, a cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of an integrated tobacco control and occupational safety and health program in Indian manufacturing worksites. From June 2012 to June 2013, 20 companies were recruited. Companies were identified using association lists, referrals, internet searches and visits to industrial areas. Four hundred eighty companies were contacted to validate information, introduce the study and seek an in-person meeting with a company representative. Eighty-three company representatives agreed to meet. Of those 83 companies, 55 agreed to a formal 'pitch meeting' with key decision makers at the company. Seventy-seven recruitment 'pitches' were given, including multiple meetings in the same companies. If the company was interested, we obtained a letter of participation and employee roster. Based on this experience, recommendations are made that can help inform future researchers and practitioners wishing to recruit Indian worksites. When compared with recruitment of US manufacturing worksites, recruitment of Indian worksites lacked current industrial lists of companies to serve as a sampling frame, and required more in-person visits, incentives for control companies and more assurances around confidentiality to allow occupational safety and health experts into their worksite.
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Gupta PC, Rao CV. Morpho-anatomical and physicochemical studies of Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:830-4. [PMID: 23569856 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica (F. indica) (Hausskn.) Pugsley, (Fumariaceae), an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various system of indigenous medicine. METHODS Evaluation of the different parts of the plant was carried out to determine the morpho-anatomical, physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC fingerprinting profile of F. indica and other WHO recommended methods were performed for standardization. RESULTS Morpho-anatomical studies showed compound and pinnatifid leaf, 4 to 6 cm in length, linear and oblong in shape and anomocytic arrangement of stomata, thin walled parenchymatous cells, scattered, sclerenchymatous, capped vascular bundles and radiating medullary rays. Physicochemical studies showed foreign matter 0.2%, loss on drying 6.8%, total ash 16.77%, alcohol and water soluble extractives 8.92% and 20.26%, respectively, sugar 17.75%, starch 22.97% and tannins 2.37%. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterol. Thin layer chromatography was carried out with different solvents and the best solvent system was chloroform and methanol in 80:20 ratio and revealed 12 spots with different Rf value under UV light 366λ. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material for future investigations and applications.
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Gupta PC, Sharma N, Rao CV. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica (Fumitory). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:665-9. [PMID: 23569991 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), known as "Fumitory", is an annual herb found as a common weed all over the plains of India and Pakistan. The whole plant is widely used in traditional and folkloric systems of medicine. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant is reputed for its anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative, cholagogue, stomachic and sedative activities and is used to purify blood and in liver obstruction in ethnopharmacology. The whole plant is ascribed to possess medicinal virtues in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine and is also used in preparation of important Ayurvedic medicinal preparations and polyherbal liver formulations. The review reveals that phytochemical constituents of wide range have been separated from the plants and it possesses important pharmacological activities like smooth muscle relaxant, spasmogenic and spasmolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacological and antibacterial activities. The separation of hepatoprotective and antifungal constituents from this plant was also reported newly. This review highlights the traditional, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological information available on Fumaria indica, which might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find out new chemical entities responsible for its claimed traditional uses.
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Pawar PS, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Shang C, Quah ACK, Fong GT. The relation between price and daily consumption of cigarettes and bidis: findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Wave 1 Survey. Indian J Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25526256 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147479.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS This study analyzes "unit price" and "daily consumption" of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) as a part of the International Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) Evaluation Project (the TCP India Project) during 2010-2011. METHODS Information was collected from adult (aged ≥ 15) daily exclusive smokers of cigarette/bidi regarding (a) last purchase (purchase in pack/loose, brand and price) and (b) daily consumption. Average unit price and daily consumption was calculated for different brands and states. Regression model was used to assess the impact of price on daily consumption. RESULTS Bidis were much less expensive ([symbol in text]0.39) than cigarettes ([symbol in text]3.1). The daily consumption was higher (14) among bidi smokers than cigarette smokers (8). The prices and daily consumption of bidis ([symbol in text]0.33-0.43; 12-15) and cigarettes ([symbol in text]2.9-3.6; 5-9) varied across the four states. The unit prices of bidis and cigarettes did not influence their daily consumption. Smokers purchasing bidis in packs paid substantially less per unit and purchase of bidis and cigarettes in packs influenced their consumption positively. CONCLUSIONS Cigarettes although more expensive than bidis, seem very cheap if compared internationally. Hence, prices of both cigarettes and bidis do not influence their consumption.
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