651
|
Meibomian gland carcinoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 1981; 29:289-91. [PMID: 7346445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
652
|
Effect of complex formation between 4-hexylresorcinol and ethyl myristate on release rate of 4-hexylresorcinol from petrolatum base. J Pharm Sci 1981; 70:939-43. [PMID: 7310669 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600700828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethyl myristate on the release rate of 4-hexylresorcinol from petrolatum base was studied at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees. 4-Hexylresorcinol was analyzed spectrophotometrically at 278 nm. The release rate of hexylresorcinol from the ointments was directly proportional to the square root of time and depended on the percentage of ethyl myristate in the ointment base. For 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5% of ethyl myristate, the release rates were 29.6, 35.4, 38.3, 55.7, and 70.0 micrograms/hr1/2/cm2, respectively. The solubility of hexylresorcinol in the petrolatum base was determined as a function of ethyl myristate using partitioning techniques. The enhancement in hexylresorcinol solubility was rationalized on the basis of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between hexylresorcinol and ethyl myristate. The complexation constants of these complexes were estimated to be 10 M-1 and 206.1 M-2, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of hexylresorcinol in the petrolatum base was estimated to be 1.31 x 10(-8) cm2/sec.
Collapse
|
653
|
Blastogenic response of swine lymphocytes in whole blood, purified blood, spleen cell, and lymph node cell cultures with concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42:873-5. [PMID: 7258810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microcultures of swine whole blood, purified blood lymphocytes (PBL), spleen cells, and lymph node (LN) cells were tested for stimulation by concanavalin A (conA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). A cell concentration of 2 x 10(6)/ml and a 1:20 dilution of whole blood were needed for optimal stimulation of conA and PHA. Optimal stimulation of whole blood lymphocytes (WBL) and LN cells was obtained by 20 micrograms of conA/ml, but 10 micrograms/ml of this mitogen was adequate for spleen cells. The PBL and LN cells were optimally stimulated by 20 microliters of PHA/ml, but 80 microliters and 40 microliters/ml of this mitogen were required for stimulating the whole blood and spleen cells, respectively. Four days' incubation was needed for maximal blastogenesis of WBL with conA. This could be achieved after 3 days' incubation with PBL and spleen and LN cells. Whole blood and spleen cells were stimulated by PHA after 3 days' incubation, but PBL and LN cells required 4 days' incubation. Reproducibility, sensitivity, and comparison of various cultures were discussed.
Collapse
|
654
|
Crystal data for 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. J Appl Crystallogr 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889881008972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
655
|
Abstract
The contraceptive steroid ethinyl estradiol was extensively metabolized when given orally in solution to dogs. It was thought at first that metabolism occurred exclusively in the liver. However, use of standard equations to predict the oral bioavailability of drugs known to be metabolized by hepatic first pass resulted in significantly higher values than those obtained experimentally. To rationalize the data and to determine whether ethinyl estradiol also is metabolized in the gut wall during absorption, metabolism in rats was studied. The drug was administered in solution intraduodenally, intraportally, and intravenously as a bolus by first-order infusion. The results indicate that, in rats, 40% of the drug is metabolized by the gut wall and 79% of the drug in the portal blood is metabolized by the liver intraduodenal administration.
Collapse
|
656
|
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood glucose levels in febrile convulsions. Indian Pediatr 1981; 18:117-9. [PMID: 7263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
657
|
|
658
|
Abstract
The blood levels of propranolol in rats and dogs were compared after the administration of nasal, intravenous, and oral solutions. The results indicate that the blood drug levels after nasal and intravenous administration were identical, but the oral administration resulted in considerably lower blood levels. Sustained-release formulations of the drug also were administered nasally and resulted in low initial but prolonged blood levels. The bioavailability of the sustained-release formulation was identical to that of the intravenous administration.
Collapse
|
659
|
Purification and reclamation of farm and urban wastes by Euglena Gracilis: Photosynthetic capacity, effect of pH, temperature, acetate and whey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(80)90045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
660
|
|
661
|
Abstract
A sensitive spectrophotofluorometric procedure for the determination of microamounts of ethinyl estradiol is described. The method is useful for the determination of ethinyl estradiol in the presence of norethindrome and common tablet excipients, especially in dissolution media.
Collapse
|
662
|
|
663
|
Lattice parameters and space group of ethyl-4-acetoxy-5-methoxy-8-bromo-2-naphthoate (C16H15BrO5). J Appl Crystallogr 1979. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889879013467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
|
664
|
Determining osmolarities: a practical approach for multicomponent intravenous and parenteral nutrient solutions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 1979; 36:1357-61. [PMID: 116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
665
|
Simple spectrophotometric methods for the determination of sodium iodide in sodium iodide injections. JOURNAL OF THE PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOCIATION 1979; 33:222-7. [PMID: 260939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
666
|
Oculo auriculo vertebral dysplasia. Indian J Ophthalmol 1979; 27:65-6. [PMID: 541037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
667
|
New spectrophotometric determination of inorganic bromide and chloride salts in aqueous solutions. J Pharm Sci 1979; 68:513-5. [PMID: 438983 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600680434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of inorganic salts of chloride and bromide is described. The method is based on the facts that iodine forms complexes with the anions and that these complexes absorb strongly in the UV region. The molar absorptivities of I2Br- at 265 nm and I2Cl- at 245 nm were calculated to be 3.27 X 10(4) and 2.3 X 10(4) M-1 cm-1, respectively.
Collapse
|
668
|
Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of 1-(2'-acetoxybenzoyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose, a novel aspirin prodrug. J Pharm Sci 1979; 68:299-301. [PMID: 34021 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600680311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation rate of aspirin from the prodrug was determined as a function of the pH, temperature, and dielectric constant of the solvent spectrophotometrically and was confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Aspirin formation was first order with respect to the prodrug and zero order with respect to the hydroxide-ion concentrations. The hydrolysis rate was independent of buffer concentration but very sensitive to the dielectric constant of the solvents. The half-life for the formation of aspirin at 37 degrees was 7 min. The activation energy for the hydrolysis was 23.7 kcal/mole. The results suggest that the hydrolysis of the prodrug to aspirin proceeds by an SN1-type mechanism.
Collapse
|
669
|
Abstract
Calves experimentally infected with bovine rhinovirus type 1 developed a mild respiratory disease and exhibited a cell mediated immune (CMI) response, as determined by leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) and lymphocyte blastogenesis tests. The CMI response to the virus was detected by day 3 post-inoculation using direct and indirect LMI tests. It persisted through day 28, with maximal responses occurring between days 4 and 14. Measurement of cellular immunity by blast transformation, however, was not evidenced until day 12. The humoral antibody response was minimal with serum neutralizing titers ranging from 1:4 to 1:16 and this response was not evident until 3 weeks after inoculation.
Collapse
|
670
|
Effect of hydroxyl group substituents on pyran ring on hydrolysis rate of benzoates: 2-tetrahydropyranyl benzoate. J Pharm Sci 1979; 68:235-6. [PMID: 423097 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600680229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of 2-tetrahydropyranyl benzoate was followed spectrophotometrically at 240 nm and was first order with respect to the compound, independent of pH, and very sensitivie to solvent polarity and had an isotope effect (kD2O/kH2O) near unity. The pH-independent hydrolysis rate was about 1 X 10(6) times faster than that of the corresponding glucosly benzoate. The results suggest that the presence of hydroxyl groups on the pyran ring has tremendous effect on the hydrolysis rate of these compounds.
Collapse
|
671
|
Kinetics and equilibria of the reaction between physostigimine and bisulfite. JOURNAL OF THE PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOCIATION 1979; 33:32-9. [PMID: 33238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
672
|
|
673
|
Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IX: acetaminophen prodrug. J Pharm Sci 1978; 67:545-6. [PMID: 25330 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600670426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, hydrolysis rate, and bioavailability of 1-(p-acetaminophenoxy)-1-ethoxyethane, an acetaminophen prodrug, are described. The prodrug is less soluble than acetaminophen and stable at neutral pH. However, in an acidic environment, the compound cleaves rapidly, generating acetaminophen. When both the prodrug and acetaminophen were administered to dogs in equivalent amounts, the blood acetaminophen levels were comparable.
Collapse
|
674
|
Abstract
The effect of sodium bisulfite on aspirin hydrolysis was studied at 40 degrees in the pH range of 6.5-7.5. Significant catalytic activity by the sulfite ion was observed. Second-order rate constants were calculated for this catalysis and compared to other buffer species. The sulfite ion was a much more efficient catalyst than acetate, phosphate, or carbonate.
Collapse
|
675
|
Giant common bile duct calculus. Int Surg 1977; 62:476. [PMID: 908632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
676
|
Simultaneous bilateral inflammatory medullary carcinoma of the male breast. Int Surg 1977; 62:147-8. [PMID: 852936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
677
|
Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IV: novel epinephrine prodrug. J Pharm Sci 1976; 65:1510-2. [PMID: 978412 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600651023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a prodrug that appears to overcome the problem of inefficient absorption of epinephrine through the lipoidal membranes of the eye are described. The enzymatic rate of regeneration of epinephrine from the prodrug was determined using a rabbit eye homogenate, rabbit plasma, and human plasma. The prodrug had no activity of its own when tested against a guinea pig smooth muscle preparation. Upon enzymatic regeneration of epinephrine from the prodrug, however, the reaction mixture exhibited alpha-adrenergic activity equivalent to that of epinephrine when tested in the same preparation.
Collapse
|
678
|
|
679
|
Neglected foreign body in the right bronchial tree. Int Surg 1976; 61:366-7. [PMID: 939669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
680
|
Purification & substrate specificity of carboxypeptidase B from goat pancreas. INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS 1976; 13:106-12. [PMID: 1010544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
681
|
Sugar, organic acid, phenolic acid and plant growth regulator content of extracts of honeydew of the aphid Myzus persicae and of its host plant, Raphanus sativus. THE ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY 1974; 78:65-73. [PMID: 19280790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1974.tb01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The honeydew of Myzus persicae feeding on radish seedlings contains glucose, fructose, trehalose, melezitose and sucrose, of which glucose and fructose are present in radish seedlings. In addition, the honeydew contains eight organic acids, of which seven are present in uninfested seedlings and six are present in infested radish seedlings: of the eighteen phenolic acids in the honeydew, five are present in uninfested radish seedlings. Auxins, gibberellins, growth inhibitors and cytokinins are present in the honeydew. The presence of carbonate and bicarbonate previously recorded in honeydew of M. persicae could not be confirmed, but ammonia is present in fresh honeydew and accounts for its high pH.
Collapse
|
682
|
|
683
|
Kinetics of hydrolysis of acylals of aspirin: hydrolysis of (1'-ethoxy)ethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate. J Pharm Sci 1974; 63:627-8. [PMID: 4828721 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600630433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
684
|
Quantitative analytical method for determination of drugs dispersed in polymers using differential scanning calorimetry. J Pharm Sci 1974; 63:427-9. [PMID: 4820377 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600630325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
685
|
Prediction of dissolution rates of slightly water-soluble powders from simple mathematical relationships. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61:811-3. [PMID: 5035800 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600610537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
686
|
|
687
|
|
688
|
|
689
|
Formation of biologically active substances by rhizosphere bacteria and their effect on plant growth. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1970; 15:468-78. [PMID: 4995526 DOI: 10.1007/bf02880191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
690
|
Quantitative spectrophotometric methods for determination of sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solutions. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59:1168-70. [PMID: 5457336 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600590824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
691
|
Osteomyelitis variolosa. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1969; 53:191-4. [PMID: 5361261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
692
|
Thiol esters. II. A kinetic study of hydrolysis and aminolysis of propionyl thiocholine iodide and 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol propionate. J Pharm Sci 1969; 58:687-93. [PMID: 5799755 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600580608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
693
|
|
694
|
6 Azauridine in smallpox. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57:809-14. [PMID: 5820429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
695
|
|
696
|
Mechanism and thermodynamics of chlorine transfer among organohalogenating agents. Part IV. Chlorine potentials and rates of exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1039/j29690000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
697
|
|
698
|
Mechanism and thermodynamics of chlorine transfer among organochlorinating agents. Part II. Reversible disproportionation of chloramine-T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1039/j29670000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
699
|
Mechanism of chlorination of cresol by chloramine-T. Mediation by dichloramine-T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1039/j29670000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
700
|
Dispute at Greenock. West J Med 1965. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5445.1315-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|