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Singh AK, Singh R, Misra A. Oral semaglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Comprehensive review, critical appraisal and clinical consideration of its use in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102436. [PMID: 35245858 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oral semaglutide is the first glucagon-like petide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) approved for oral use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aim to conduct a comprehensive review of literature to find out the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in T2DM, to lay out a clinical consideration for its use in India. METHODS We searched the electronic database of PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until January 31, 2022, using several MeSH keywords and retrieved all available granular details of phase 1, 2 and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of oral semaglutide. Subsequently, we reviewed the results critically to lay down the clinical recommendation of its use. RESULTS Ten phase 3 randomized, placebo- and or active-controlled studies of oral semaglutide (PIONEER programs) are currently published. Seven global trials of oral semaglutide (PIONEER 1-5, 7 and 8) that exclusively studied the efficacy (lowering of HbA1c and body weight, achieving target of HbA1c <7% and other composites of HbA1c and weight) outcomes, found 14 mg oral semaglutide to be superior to placebo or active comparators (empagliflozin, sitagliptin and liraglutide). Efficacy was similar in Asians, although no separate data exists for Indians due to the low number of participants. Expectedly, gastrointestinal intolerance were the most commonly observed side effects with oral semaglutide and the main reason for drug discontinuation. CONCLUSION Oral semaglutide 14 mg is an effective agent in the treatment of T2DM. Real-world studies of semaglutide are clearly needed in India in absence of meaningful data from RCTs in Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Singh
- G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Dubey CS, Usham AL, Mishra BK, Shukla DP, Singh PK, Singh AK. Anthropogenic arsenic menace in contaminated water near thermal power plants and coal mining areas of India. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1099-1127. [PMID: 34173907 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining and coal combustion in thermal power plants (TPPs) are the major anthropogenic sources of arsenic (As) contamination in many different industrial regions. In this study of industrial regions of West Bengal and Singrauli, it is observed that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the contamination from As-bearing coal. Up to 14.53 mg/kg of As is obtained in coal of West Bengal which also has very high average Fe concentration (16,095 mg/kg) along with high concentration of Cu, Mn and Hg. Similar observations are also found in Singrauli Industrial Region where 3.14 mg/kg of As with very high concentration of Fe 43,867 mg/kg along with high Cu, Mn and Hg concentration is found in coal samples. This low-grade bituminous coal contains arsenopyrite as observed by SEM-EDX. Arsenopyrite is converted to arsenolite upon combustion in these TPPs as observed in XRD. The fly ash has average As concentration of 1.53 mg/kg for West Bengal and 2.38 mg/kg for Singrauli Industrial Region and high concentration of toxic elements. The soil near these TPPs and mining areas is enriched in As, Fe, Hg, Cu and Mn. Not only As but high concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn are also observed from analysis of water which relates to the anthropogenic inputs. The dissolution of arsenolite in reducing environments caused by periodic flooding releases As into water. Hence, the As contamination in the study area also has anthropogenic origin from coal consumption in TPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Dubey
- Faculty of Science, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, 754006, India
| | - A L Usham
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India.
| | - B K Mishra
- Department of Mining, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India
| | - D P Shukla
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, HP, 175001, India
| | - P K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
| | - A K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
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Singh AK, Singh A, Singh R, Misra A. An updated practical guideline on use of molnupiravir and comparison with agents having emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102396. [PMID: 35051686 PMCID: PMC8755553 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molnupiravir is a newer oral antiviral drug that has recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) in USA, UK and India. We aim to conduct an update on our previous systematic review to provide practical clinical guideline for using molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We systematically searched the electronic database of PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar until January 5, 2022, using key MeSH keywords. RESULTS Final result of phase 3 study in 1433 non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed a significant reduction in composite risk of hospital admission or death (absolute risk difference, -3.0% [95% confidence interval {CI}, -5.9 to -0.1%]; 1-sided P = 0.02) although with a non-significant 31% relative risk reduction (RRR). RRR for death alone was 89% (95% CI, 14 to 99; P-value not reported). Number needed to treat to prevent 1 death or 1 hospitalization or death composite appears to be closely competitive to other agents having EUA in people with COVID-19. However, cost-wise molnupiravir is comparatively cheaper compared to all other agents. CONCLUSION Molnupiravir could be a useful agent in non-pregnant unvaccinated adults with COVID-19 who are at increased risk of severity including hospitalization. However, it is effective only when used within 5-days of onset of symptoms. A 5-days course seems to be safe without any obvious short-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akriti Singh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Yadav S, Teng PY, Singh AK, Choi J, Kim WK. Influence of Brassica spp. rapeseed and canola meal, and supplementation of bioactive compound (AITC) on growth performance, intestinal-permeability, oocyst shedding, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression of broilers challenged with E. maxima. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101583. [PMID: 34915210 PMCID: PMC8683514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima. A total of 576 one-day old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 8 treatments with 6 replicated cages and 12 birds per cage. The treatment diets consisted of nonchallenge control (NC, corn-SBM based diet), challenge control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola (20CLM), 40% canola (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,000 ppm AITC (1000AITC). At d 14, all birds were challenged, except NC group, with a subclinical dose of E. maxima. Intestinal permeability was conducted on 5 d post-infection (dpi) and for oocyst shedding 5 to 6 dpi feces were pooled and collected. On 6 dpi, growth performance, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression were measured. The growth performance result showed that 10RS and 30RS groups had lower BW, BWG, FI, and higher FCR (P < 0.0001). During the challenge and overall periods, NC group had highest BW, BWG, and FI, and lowest FCR. The inclusion of canola meal showed lower performance during prechallenge period but was able to catch up BWG during challenge period. The AITC levels showed similar growth performance to CC group. Intestinal permeability for 20CLM, 40CLM, 500AITC and 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC, 10RS, and 30RS had higher permeability compared to NC (P < 0.0001). Oocyst shedding was significantly lower for 40CLM and NC, whereas all other treatments had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.0001). All the challenged treatment groups had higher lesion score and microscore than NC (P < 0.0001). Histomorphology data showed that jejunum villus height (VH) for 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC group had the lowest VH (P = 0.01). The 30RS group had lower VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum and ileum. The gene expression at 6 dpi for claudin1, occludin, IL2, IL6, GLUT5, EAAT, BoAT, and LAT1 was significantly changed among the treatments. The results suggest that 30RS retards growth performance and deteriorate gut health during coccidiosis and should not be fed to chicken during the starter phase. Canola meal showed decline in growth prechallenge but maintained growth and intestinal health during the challenge period at 40% inclusion. AITC at 1,000 ppm showed similar growth as control group, but with improved gut health during the challenge period. Canola meal could be a good alternative to SBM especially during coccidiosis, whereas AITC needs to be tested vigorously in animal feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P-Y Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Bollinedi H, Singh N, Gopala Krishnan S, Vinod KK, Bhowmick PK, Nagarajan M, Ellur RK, Singh AK. A novel LOX3-null allele (lox3-b) originated in the aromatic Basmati rice cultivars imparts storage stability to rice bran. Food Chem 2022; 369:130887. [PMID: 34461519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid deterioration of rice bran due to the LOX3 enzyme catalysed oxidation of PUFA is the major bottleneck for its utilization in various downstream applications. In the present study, we have identified a set of nine novel LOX3-null rice accessions carrying a deletion of C residue in the exon2 causing a frameshift mutation resulting in a truncated non-functional LOX3 protein. Our study, further manifested the predominance of C deletion based LOX3-null allele, named lox3-b, in the aromatic rice germplasm particularly in the Indian Basmati rice group. The LOX3-null genotypes exhibited significantly reduced rancidity, after six months of storage. They also showed significantly lower percentage reduction of linoleic acid (LA), higher γ-oryzanol content and lower hexanal content. A functional dCAPS marker designed based on the deletion polymorphism clearly differentiated LOX3 and lox3-b alleles, and has the potential application in marker assisted rice breeding programmes to develop cultivars with better bran storability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - P K Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - M Nagarajan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Aduthurai, India
| | - R K Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
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Singh AK, Phatak SR, Singh R, Bhattacharjee K, Singh NK, Gupta A, Sharma A. Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102424. [PMID: 35150961 PMCID: PMC8816907 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is limited data available on longitudinal humoral antibody dynamics following two doses of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among Indians. METHODS We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study in vaccinated healthcare workers by serially measuring quantitative anti-spike antibody at 3-weeks, 3-months and 6-months after the completion of second dose. Geometric mean titer (GMT) and linear mixed models were used to assess the dynamics of antibody levels at 6 months. RESULTS Of the 481 participants, GMT of anti-spike antibody decreased by 56% at 6-months regardless of age, gender, blood group, body-mass index and comorbidities in 360 SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals but significantly more in hypertensives. Participants with past infection had significantly higher GMT at all time points compared to the naive individuals. Among SARS-CoV-2 naive cohorts, a significantly higher GMT was noted amongst the Covishield recipients at all time points, but there was a 44% decline in GMT at 6-month compared to the peak titer period. Decline in GMT was insignificant (8%) in Covaxin recipients at 6-month despite a lower GMT at all time points vs. Covishield. There was 5.6-fold decrease in seropositivity rate at 6-month with both vaccines. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a lower seropositivity rate at all the time points. Seropositivity rate was significantly higher with Covishield vs. Covaxin at all time points except at 6-month where Covaxin recipients had a higher seropositivity rate but no difference noted in propensity-matched analysis. CONCLUSIONS There is waning humoral antibody response following two doses of either vaccine at six months. Covishield recipients had a higher anti-spike antibody GMT compared with Covaxin at all-time points, however a significant decline in antibody titers was seen with Covishield but not with Covaxin at 6-months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Consultant Endocrinologist, G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Ritu Singh
- Consultant Gynecologist, G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Arvind Gupta
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Rajasthan Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arvind Sharma
- Associate Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has varied worldwide. Most of the available evidence suggests a significant increase in severity and mortality of COVID-19 in people with either type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in association with poor glycemic control. While new-onset hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes (both T1DM and T2DM) have been increasingly recognized in the context of COVID-19 and have been associated with worse outcome, no conclusive evidence yet suggests direct tropism of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cells of pancreatic islets. While all approved oral antidiabetic agents appear to be safe in people with T2DM having COVID-19, no conclusive data are yet available to indicate a mortality benefit with any class of these drugs, in the absence of large randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, G.D. Hospital and Diabetes Institute, Kolkata 700014, India
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Department of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has varied worldwide. Most of the available evidence suggests a significant increase in severity and mortality of COVID-19 in people with either type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in association with poor glycemic control. While new-onset hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes (both T1DM and T2DM) have been increasingly recognized in the context of COVID-19 and have been associated with worse outcome, no conclusive evidence yet suggests direct tropism of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cells of pancreatic islets. While all approved oral antidiabetic agents appear to be safe in people with T2DM having COVID-19, no conclusive data are yet available to indicate a mortality benefit with any class of these drugs, in the absence of large randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, G.D. Hospital and Diabetes Institute, Kolkata 700014, India
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Department of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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Yugandhar P, Veronica N, Subrahmanyam D, Brajendra P, Nagalakshmi S, Srivastava A, Voleti SR, Sarla N, Sundaram RM, Sevanthi AM, Singh AK, Mangrauthia SK. Revealing the effect of seed phosphorus concentration on seedling vigour and growth of rice using mutagenesis approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1203. [PMID: 35075121 PMCID: PMC8786825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The harvested plant products, specifically, the grains of cereals are major drivers of soil phosphorus (P) depletion. However, the breeding or biotechnology efforts to develop low P seeds have not been attempted because of possible adverse effects on seedling vigour and crop establishment. Several studies have contradictory observations on influence of seed P on seedling vigour. Lack of appropriate genetic material has been the major bottleneck in reaching the consensus. In this study, we used 30 EMS induced mutants of rice cultivar Nagina22 to understand the role of seed P on seedling vigour and associated physiological processes. Seedling vigour, morpho-physiological characteristics, acid phosphatases, alpha-amylase, and expression of P transporter genes were analyzed in seedlings obtained from seeds of high and low grain P mutants. The study suggests that seed P has a significant role on seedling vigour, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis process of young seedlings, and P transport from roots. Notably, we identified few mutants such as NH4791, NH4785, NH4714, NH4663, NH4614, and NH4618 which showed least influence of low seed P on seedling vigour and other metabolic processes. Therefore, these mutants can be used in breeding programs aiming for development of low P grains. Also, these and other identified mutants can be used to decipher the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating the differential response of seed P on germination, seedling vigour and several other physiological processes influencing the crop growth and establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poli Yugandhar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - D Subrahmanyam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - P Brajendra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - S Nagalakshmi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - S R Voleti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - N Sarla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - R M Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Singh AK, Singh R. Letter by Awadhesh Kumar Singh Regarding Article, “Cardiovascular Outcomes Comparison of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylurea as Add-on Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis”. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:84-86. [PMID: 35118024 PMCID: PMC8792819 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
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Jaiswal A, Kaushik A, Singh AK, Rizvi G. Challenges to new undergraduate medical curriculum due to COVID-19 pandemic and possible solution in India. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_263_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Venkateswaran V, Parida R, Khanna P, Bhoi D, Singh AK, Mathur P, Sahoo D, Dass C, Gupta A, Aravindan A, Trikha A. Maternal and neonatal characteristics, operative details and outcomes in COVID-19 positive parturients undergoing cesarean sections: A retrospective observational study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2022; 38:S52-S57. [PMID: 36060190 PMCID: PMC9438814 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_358_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yadav S, Teng PY, Choi J, Singh AK, Vaddu S, Thippareddi H, Kim WK. Influence of rapeseed, canola meal and glucosinolate metabolite (AITC) as potential antimicrobials: effects on growth performance, and gut health in Salmonella Typhimurium challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101551. [PMID: 34871984 PMCID: PMC8649389 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is the major sources of foodborne salmonellosis. Antibiotic resistance and a surge in zoonotic diseases warrant the use of natural alternatives. Glucosinolates (GLs) are naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds in rapeseed and canola. This study investigated the effect of feeding rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; Brassica secondary metabolites) on growth performance (GP), gut health, and the potential antimicrobial activity against nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (STNR) in chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 8 replicated cages and 10 birds per cage. Dietary treatments were nonchallenge control (NC, corn-SBM based), challenge (Salmonella) control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola meal (20CLM), 40% canola meal (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,500 ppm AITC (1500AITC). On d 1, all the birds except NC were orally challenged with STNR (7 log CFU/bird). The chickens were reared for 21 d, and their FI and BW were recorded weekly. Salmonella cecal colonization and fecal shedding were quantified, whereas organ translocation (OT) of STNR to the spleen, liver, and kidney was tested on 0, 3, 6, 13, and 20-d postchallenge (dpc). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and the means were separated by Duncan's test, except mortality and OT data analyzed after transformation by square root of (n +1) (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding 30RS resulted in reduced BW (P = 0.003), BWG (P = 0.003), and FI (P = 0.001) compared to CC, 500AITC, and 1500AITC. Similarly, feeding 20CLM resulted in lower BW and BWG compared to CC (P < 0.05) and increased FCR compared to 1500AITC (P = 0.03). Feeding CC resulted in higher mortality compared to NC and 30RS (P = 0.03). Cecal colonization of STNR was reduced (P < 0.0001) for 30RS on 6 dpc and 500AITC on 6 and 13 dpc (P < 0.0001). Although no difference in gut permeability was observed 6 dpc (P > 0.05), OT of STNR population was the highest for CC in the spleen (P = 0.05). In the liver, 10RS showed reduced OT compared to 20CLM on 13 dpc (P = 0.03), whereas 30RS showed the lowest OT on 6 dpc in the kidney. Fecal shedding was lowest for 30RS on 6 dpc (P = 0.004). Histomorphology showed 30RS had the highest duodenum (P = 0.01) and jejunum (P = 0.02) villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio compared to the other treatments, whereas 1500AITC showed similar results to 30RS. Both 30RS and 1500AITC contained comparatively higher functional GL metabolites and were able to maintain gut health. Including higher levels of rapeseed or AITC in poultry feed can reduce Salmonella colonization in the feces and their translocation to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P-Y Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S Vaddu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - H Thippareddi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Kumar A, Aggarwal R, Khanna P, Kumar R, Singh AK, Soni KD, Trikha A. Correlation of the SpO2/FiO2 (S/F) ratio and the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Med Intensiva 2021; 46:408-410. [PMID: 34812212 PMCID: PMC8598943 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - R Aggarwal
- Critical and Intensive Care, JPNATC, AIIMS, India
| | - P Khanna
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - K D Soni
- Critical and Intensive Care, JPNATC, AIIMS, India
| | - A Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molnupiravir is a newer oral antiviral drug that has recently been tested in COVID-19. We aim to conduct a systematic review of literature to find out the efficacy and safety of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We systematically searched the electronic database of PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar from inception until October 15, 2021, using MeSH keywords. Ongoing trials of molnupiravir in COVID-19 were additionally searched from the ClinicalTrials.Gov and ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials. We retrieved all the available granular details of phase 1 to 3 studies of molnupiravir in COVID-19. Subsequently we reviewed the results narratively. RESULTS Two phase 1 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled (DBRPC) studies of molnupiravir showed that 1600 mg daily dose is safe and tolerable, without any serious adverse events up to 5.5 days. One phase 2 DBPRC study found significantly lower time to clearance (RNA negativity) with molnupiravir 800 mg twice daily compared to the placebo (log-rank p value = 0.013) in mild to moderate COVID-19. Interim report of one phase 3 DBRPC study in non-hospitalized COVID-19 found a significant reduction in the risk of hospital admission or death by 50% (p = 0.0012). However, no significant benefit was observed with molnupiravir in the later stage of moderate to severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION Molnupiravir is first oral antiviral drug to demonstrate a significant benefit in reducing hospitalization or death in mild COVID-19 and could be an important weapon in the battle against SARS-CoV-2. However, its role in moderate to severe COVID-19 is questionable and more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akriti Singh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Singh AK, Singh R. Do SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit similar cardiovascular benefit in patients having reduced ejection fraction heart failure with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and normoglycemia? Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102282. [PMID: 34562869 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to know whether SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2I) exhibit similar cardiovascular (CV) benefit in patients having reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) with varying degree of glycemia. METHOD We meta-analyzed the trial-level hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of randomized trials that reported the CV outcomes stratified in to three subgroups of normoglycemia, prediabetes and diabetes. RESULTS This meta-analysis found a significant and similar CV risk reduction in patients with HFrEF without any significant interaction between three subgroups (PIntercation = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS SGLT-2I exhibit similar CV risk reduction in HFrEF, regardless of baseline glycemic status. However, this finding is limited to pooled data from only 2 studies in people without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
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68
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Karn RR, Acharya R, Rajbanshi AK, Singh SK, Thakur SK, Shah SK, Singh AK, Shah R, Upadhya Kafle S, Bhattachan M, Abrahamyan A, Shewade HD, Zachariah R. Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:1-5. [PMID: 34778008 PMCID: PMC8575382 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). OBJECTIVE In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance. DESIGN A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018-January 2020. RESULTS Of 117 patients with CSOM and awaiting surgery, 64% were in the 18-35 years age group, and 79% were cross-border from India. Of 118 bacterial isolates, 80% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16% had Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates showed multidrug resistance to nine of the 12 antibiotics tested. The lowest antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was for vancomycin (29%) and moxifloxacin (36%), and for S. aureus, this was vancomycin (9%) and amikacin (17%). Fourteen (12%) patients underwent surgery: myringoplasty (n = 7, 50%), cortical mastoidectomy with tympanostomy (n = 4, 29%) and modified radical mastoidectomy (n = 3, 21%). Those infected with P. aeruginosa and with resistance to over six antibiotics were significantly more likely to be refused for surgery. CONCLUSION Patients awaiting ear surgery were predominantly infected with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and were consequently refused surgery. This study can help inform efforts for improving surgical uptake and introducing cross-border antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Karn
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Acharya
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A K Rajbanshi
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Singh
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Thakur
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Shah
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Shah
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S Upadhya Kafle
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh/Eastern Regional Eye Care - Programme/Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - M Bhattachan
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Abrahamyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H D Shewade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
- The Union, South East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - R Zachariah
- United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Nanditha A, Raghavan A, Misra A, Saboo B, Singh AK, Joshi SR, Agarwal S, Tandon N, Tiwaskar M, Aravind SR, Ramachandran A. Management of Hyperglycemia in COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome - Proposed Guidelines for India. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34585892 DOI: pmid/34585892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus spread rapidly all over the globe in 2020 and the second wave has taken our nation, India by storm. The pandemic has posed unique challenges in people with metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, pulmonary, cardiovascular, kidney and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Uncontrolled diabetes, in conjunction with endocrine, inflammatory and metabolic effects of the infection itself has made management of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 infection particularly challenging. Furthermore, the post-COVID-19 syndrome has also emerged as a sequela in COVID-19 survivors, increasing the risk of death, complications and adding further burden on the health care system. With more than a year of experience, we have gained substantial insight; and now provide practical recommendations on the management of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 as well as post COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Nanditha
- Director, Consultant Diabetologist, India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Arun Raghavan
- Director, Consultant Diabetologist, India Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Anoop Misra
- Chairman, Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chairman, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), President, Diabetes Foundation (India) (DFI), New Delhi
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Chief Diabetologist Chairman, Diabetes Care Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Senior Consultant Endocrinologist, G.D Hospital Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Shashank R Joshi
- Senior Consultant Endocrinologist, Lilavati Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Sanjay Agarwal
- Director - Aegle Clinic for Diabetes Care, Head of Dept. Medicine Diabetes, Ruby Hall Clinic. Senior Consultant Diabetes Medicine, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Professor Head, Department of Endocrinology Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Mangesh Tiwaskar
- Consultant Physician Diabetologist, Shilpa Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Sosale R Aravind
- Director, Diacon Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka; 10President, India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chairman, Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Ambady Ramachandran
- President, India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chairman, Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has varied worldwide. Most of the available evidence suggests a significant increase in severity and mortality of COVID-19 in people with either type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in association with poor glycemic control. While new-onset hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes (both T1DM and T2DM) have been increasingly recognized in the context of COVID-19 and have been associated with worse outcome, no conclusive evidence yet suggests direct tropism of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cells of pancreatic islets. While all approved oral antidiabetic agents appear to be safe in people with T2DM having COVID-19, no conclusive data are yet available to indicate a mortality benefit with any class of these drugs, in the absence of large randomized controlled trials. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, G.D. Hospital and Diabetes Institute, Kolkata 700014, India;
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Department of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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71
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Pant AD, Ruhela R, Limje C, Anil Kumar S, Singh AK, Kumar SA, Sugandhi S, Kain V, Tomar BS. Evaluation of BenzoDODA grafted polymeric resin for rapid and reliable assaying of plutonium in sediment samples. J Environ Radioact 2021; 234:106620. [PMID: 33984799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports a new rapid radioanalytical procedure for the determination of plutonium (Pu) in sediments by solid phase extraction chromatography (SPEC) using Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) carbamoyl methoxy phenoxy-bis-(2-ethylhexyl) grafted resin, abbreviated as Benzodioxodiamide (BenzoDODA) grafted resin. The resin was synthesized and evaluated for its sorption behaviour towards Pu in batch and column mode to determine its efficacy for selective recovery of Pu from sediment samples. The analytical procedure was based on the radiochemical separation of samples by acid digestion, followed by preconcentration of actinides by co-precipitation with Fe(OH)3 and finally selective recovery of Pu by SPEC using a column filled with BenzoDODA grafted resin. Pu was then radiometrically assayed by preparing alpha disc sources with electro-deposition followed by alpha spectrometry. The method was further validated with IAEA reference materials. This method gives reliable and reproducible results for the activity concentration of Pu in sediment samples within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar D Pant
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Reseach Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - R Ruhela
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - C Limje
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Anil Kumar
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Reseach Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - A K Singh
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Suja A Kumar
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Reseach Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Sugandhi
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - V Kain
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B S Tomar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
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72
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Vaidya S, Karmacharya RM, Singh AK, Vaidya PR, Malinowski M, Dhakal A. C-ARM Guided Angiogram/Angioplasty for Selected Failed Arterio Venous Fistula. A Report of a Procedure at University Hospital of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:399-401. [PMID: 36254434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
End Stage Renal Disease is a last stage of Chronic Kidney Disease which is characterized by Glomerular Filtration rate of less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 . Hemodialysis is the most commonly used modality for treatment of Chronic Kidney disease. Among the access for hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula is the most common modality. However most common problems of fistula are significant stenosis of more than 50% which is characterized by limb swelling, pigmentation, tortuous veins, and difficulty maintaining flow during dialysis from AV fistula. These can be managed either by minimal intervention or with surgical intervention. Very few hospitals in Nepal and other countries have an angiographic suite to perform minimal intervention include angiogram with angioplasty. So in this case we try to address the use of C-Arm to perform angiogram or fistulogram and even angioplasty for the management of significant stenosis or complications of arteriovenous fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vaidya
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R M Karmacharya
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - P R Vaidya
- Consultant (Cardio and Vascular Surgery), KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Gwarko, Lalitpur
| | - M Malinowski
- Consultant (Medical College of Wisconsin), Wisconsin, USA
| | - A Dhakal
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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73
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are increasing case reports of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially from India. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for both severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis. We aim to conduct a systematic review of literature to find out the patient's characteristics having mucormycosis and COVID-19. METHODS We searched the electronic database of PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 13, 2021 using keywords. We retrieved all the granular details of case reports/series of patients with mucormycosis, and COVID-19 reported world-wide. Subsequently we analyzed the patient characteristics, associated comorbidities, location of mucormycosis, use of steroids and its outcome in people with COVID-19. RESULTS Overall, 101 cases of mucormycosis in people with COVID-19 have been reported, of which 82 cases were from India and 19 from the rest of the world. Mucormycosis was predominantly seen in males (78.9%), both in people who were active (59.4%) or recovered (40.6%) from COVID-19. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 80% of cases, while concomitant diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was present in 14.9%. Corticosteroid intake for the treatment of COVID-19 was recorded in 76.3% of cases. Mucormycosis involving nose and sinuses (88.9%) was most common followed by rhino-orbital (56.7%). Mortality was noted in 30.7% of the cases. CONCLUSION An unholy trinity of diabetes, rampant use of corticosteroid in a background of COVID-19 appears to increase mucormycosis. All efforts should be made to maintain optimal glucose and only judicious use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shashank R Joshi
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lilavati Hospital & Joshi Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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74
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Singh AK, Singh R, Misra A. Do SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit similar cardiovascular benefit in patients with heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction? J Diabetes 2021; 13:596-600. [PMID: 33792199 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Highlights The beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in patients with heart failure are already known. Whether SGLT-2i exert similar CV effects in heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction is not known. This meta-analysis showed SGLT-2i exert similar CV benefits irrespective of the types of heart failure. Future trials will confirm or refute the CV effects of SGLT-2i in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Department of Diabetes, Fortis-CDOC hospital for Diabetes & Allied Science, New Delhi, India
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75
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Kumar S, Singh AK. A localized algorithm for clustering in cognitive radio networks. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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76
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Gupta GK, Sagar P, Pandey SK, Srivastava M, Singh AK, Singh J, Srivastava A, Srivastava SK, Srivastava A. In Situ Fabrication of Activated Carbon from a Bio-Waste Desmostachya bipinnata for the Improved Supercapacitor Performance. Nanoscale Res Lett 2021; 16:85. [PMID: 33987738 PMCID: PMC8119520 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of highly capacitive activated carbon (AC) using a bio-waste Kusha grass (Desmostachya bipinnata), by employing a chemical process followed by activation through KOH. The as-synthesized few-layered activated carbon has been confirmed through X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The chemical environment of the as-prepared sample has been accessed through FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The surface area and porosity of the as-synthesized material have been accessed through the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. All the electrochemical measurements have been performed through cyclic voltammetry and galvanometric charging/discharging (GCD) method, but primarily, we focus on GCD due to the accuracy of the technique. Moreover, the as-synthesized AC material shows a maximum specific capacitance as 218 F g-1 in the potential window ranging from - 0.35 to + 0.45 V. Also, the AC exhibits an excellent energy density of ~ 19.3 Wh kg-1 and power density of ~ 277.92 W kg-1, respectively, in the same operating potential window. It has also shown very good capacitance retention capability even after 5000th cycles. The fabricated supercapacitor shows a good energy density and power density, respectively, and good retention in capacitance at remarkably higher charging/discharging rates with excellent cycling stability. Henceforth, bio-waste Kusha grass-derived activated carbon (DP-AC) shows good promise and can be applied in supercapacitor applications due to its outstanding electrochemical properties. Herein, we envision that our results illustrate a simple and innovative approach to synthesize a bio-waste Kusha grass-derived activated carbon (DP-AC) as an emerging supercapacitor electrode material and widen its practical application in electrochemical energy storage fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Krishna Gupta
- Department of Physics, TDPG College, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222001, India
| | - Pinky Sagar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pandey
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Monika Srivastava
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - A K Singh
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jai Singh
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495009, India
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - S K Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Physics, TDPG College, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222001, India.
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Hellin J, McDonald A, Jat ML, Shyamsundar P, Singh AK. Mitigating agriculture's contribution to air pollution in India. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e186. [PMID: 33838731 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hellin
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
| | - Andrew McDonald
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M L Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, NASC Complex, New Delhi, India
| | | | - A K Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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78
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Mohan VF, Nangia V, Singh AK, Behl R, Dumeer N. Performance of cytology, acid-fast bacilli smear, gene Xpert and mycobacterial cultures in endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration aspirate in diagnosing mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Lung India 2021; 38:122-127. [PMID: 33687004 PMCID: PMC8098901 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_128_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of isolated mediastinal tuberculosis (TB) can be challenging. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) increases the diagnostic yield by direct sonographic visualization of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. With the advent of molecular techniques such as Gene Xpert, their addition to the cytology and cultures increases the diagnostic yield and detection of rifampicin resistance (RR) which helps change the effective therapeutic regimen immediately. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective analysis of all patients undergoing EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) with a clinical possibility of TB in isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy patients at a tertiary care referral center between June 2016 and January 2018. All patients had at least five passes from each node of which two passes from each lymph node sampled in 2 ml of saline for culture and Gene Xpert for microbiologic, pathologic, and molecular analysis as per hospital protocol. RESULTS Out of 60 patients, 44 were diagnosed to have mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis, 8 sarcoidosis, 2 malignancies, and 6 reactive lymphadenitis. TBNA cytology was positive in 40/44 patients (90.9%), out of which 18 patients were culture positive with the sensitivity of 100%, specificity 47.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) 45%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%, (P value 0.011). TBNA acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear was positive in 20/44 patients (45.45%) out of which 12 were culture positive, with sensitivity of 67%, specificity 80.95%, PPV 60%, NPV 85% (P value 0.011). TBNA Gene Xpert was positive in 30/44 patients (68.2%), out of which 6 (13.63%) showed RR-TB and two were cytology negative. Sixteen patients where culture positive with sensitivity of 88.89%, specificity 66.67%, PPV 53.33%, NPV 93.33% (P value of 0.005). TBNA AFB culture was positive in 18/44 patients (40.9%). CONCLUSION EBUS-TBNA is an effective and safe diagnostic tool for intrathoracic TB, especially for mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. The combination of various tests increases the diagnostic yield. Mediastinal nodal aspirates traditionally believed to be paucibacillary can still be captured by Gene Xpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Frank Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Nangia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Behl
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Dumeer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Khanal N, Singh AK. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding COVID-19 and its Impact on Dentistry: A Cross-sectional Survey among Nepalese Dentists. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 18:3-9. [PMID: 33605231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease, 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease with high transmissibility. Dentists are at inherent risk because of aerosol generating procedures exposing dentists to the respiratory and oral secretions of the patients. Objective To assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) of the Dentists to combat the pandemic which could help shape future guidelines and policies to be implemented in dental settings. Method This cross-sectional descriptive study included series of multiple-choice questions distributed online, assessing dentists' KAP towards COVID-19, its impact on dentistry and their psychological well-being. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20 for mac Operating System (OS). Descriptive statistics was performed, and frequencies of responses were reported in proportion. Non-parametric tests of independence and Chi-square test were performed to see the association between the categorical variables. Result Around 84% of the respondents accurately answered mode of transmission, 68% inquired about the travel history while only 49% measured the body temperature. Also, only 42% were receiving salary. A statistically significant difference concerning impact and practice during the COVID-19 was observed between general practitioner and specialist working at different work places. Conclusion Majority of Dentists have good knowledge and awareness but there were certain pitfalls in attitude and practice level calling out for more efficient training programs, precise guidelines, and treatment protocols to put into practice. Also, the mental distress and the financial impact subjected upon dentist require to be further explored determining the association between their mental health during and post COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khanal
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Bharatpur Samudayik Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College Of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
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Singh AK, Singh R. Effect of background insulin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108648. [PMID: 33421444 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been consistent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To find whether SGLT-2i show similar CV effects with insulin therapy in T2DM, we conducted a trial-level meta-analysis of CV outcome trials. This meta-analysis found SGLT-2i exert CV benefit, irrespective of background insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
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Singh AK, Singh R. Does background metformin therapy influence the cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108536. [PMID: 33181201 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been recommended as a first-line antidiabetic drug (ADD) for all patients with type 2 diabetes even in the presence of high cardiovascular (CV) risk by American Diabetes Association. In contrast, European Society of Cardiology recommends either a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) or a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a first-line ADD, in presence of high CV risk. While this discordant recommendation has created a debate, we sought to find whether background metformin therapy influences the CV outcomes with SGLT-2i. We pooled the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of three-point composite major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE) of 3 CV outcome trials (CVOTs) from the subgroup analysis based on outcomes with or without background metformin therapy. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis by applying the inverse variance-weighted averages of pooled logarithmic hazard ratio, using a random-effects analysis. While this meta-analysis found a significant reduction in 3P-MACE with SGLT-2i without background metformin therapy (N = 7,233; HR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69-0.90; p < 0.01; I2 = 0.0%), no significant reduction in 3P-MACE was observed with SGLT-2i in presence of background metformin therapy (N = 27,081; HR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86-1.02; p = 0.13; I2 = 0.0%) with a significant Pheterogenity of 0.03 between the two groups. Similar finding was observed from the pooled results from 4 CVOTs. This may suggest that background metformin therapy may undermine the 3P-MACE benefit of SGLT-2i. However, no such interaction was observed in a recent meta-analysis of SGLT-2i, with or without background metformin therapy. Future research is warranted to understand the CV interaction of metformin with SGLT-2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
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82
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Singh AK, Singh R. Similarities and differences in cardio-renal outcome trials with SGLT-2 inhibitors: call for pharmacogenomic studies? Pharmacogenet Res Per Med 2021. [DOI: 10.21037/prpm-22-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Singh AK, Singh R. Cardiovascular Outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with or without type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:351-359. [PMID: 33503584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in patients with known heart failure (HF) with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM), that have studied the outcomes of cardiovascular (CV) death, hospitalization due to HF (HHF), and composite of CV death or HHF. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library database were made up till November 20, 2020 using specific keywords. RCTs that qualified underwent a meta-analysis by applying the inverse variance-weighted averages of pooled logarithmic hazard ratio (HR) using both random- and fixed-effects model. RESULTS This meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (N = 19,741) have found a significant 26% relative risk reduction in composite of CV death or HHF (HR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.79; p < 0.001) with SGLT-2i in patients with HF. The meta-analysis of 8 RCTs (N = 16,460) also showed a significant reduction in CV death (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; p = 0.003) and HHF (HR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.74; p < 0.001) outcomes with SGLT-2i in patients with HF. Subgroup analysis stratified on baseline ejection fraction (EF) showed a similar benefit in the composite of CV death or HHF in patients with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) or preserved EF (HFpEF). CONCLUSIONS SGLT-2i significantly reduces the composite of CV death or HHF, CV death, and HHF in patients with HF. Although subgroup analysis suggested an insignificant Pheterogenity for these outcomes irrespective of the types of HF, however, reduction in both CV death and HHF were more pronounced in patients with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
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84
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Singh SK, Naik AK, Prasad J, Singh V, Chakrabarty B, Sharma J, Yadav S, Singh AK, Jha V. Study of clinical spectrum, laboratory parameters, and radiological patterns in cerebral venous thrombosis cases occurring at high altitude. J Mar Med Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_68_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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85
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Singh AK, Singh R, Saboo B, Misra A. Non-insulin anti-diabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: A Critical Appraisal of Literature. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:159-167. [PMID: 33352455 PMCID: PMC7832723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several observational studies have recently reported the outcomes of non-insulin anti-diabetic agents (ADA) in patients with T2DM and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to review the literature to appraise the clinicians on these outcomes. METHODS A literature search using the specific keywords was carried out in the database of PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar up till December 11, 2020 applying Boolean method. Full text of all the relevant articles that reported the outcomes of ADA in patients with T2DM and COVID-19 were retrieved. Subsequently, an appraisal of literature report was narratively presented. RESULTS Available studies that reported the outcomes of ADA are either case series or retrospective cohorts or prospective observational studies, in absence of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results from these observational studies suggest that amongst all the non-insulin ADA, metformin users prior to the hospitalization had improved outcomes compared to the non-users. Data for dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are encouraging although inconsistent. No documentation of any harm or benefit has been observed for sulfonylureas (SUs), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). No data is yet available for pioglitazone. CONCLUSION Metformin and DPP-4i should be continued in patients with T2DM until hospitalization or unless contraindicated. No evidence of harm suggests that SUs, SGLT-2i or GLP-1RAs may not be stopped unless very sick, hospitalized or contraindicated. The results from RCTs are needed to claim any meaningful benefit with either metformin or DPP-4i in patients with T2DM and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Singh
- G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Science, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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86
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Singh AK, Singh R. When is pharmacotherapy necessary for gestational diabetes? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:2079-2081. [PMID: 33300823 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1858052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
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87
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Singh AK, Singh R, Khunti K. Comment on Gan et al. Efficacy of Modern Diabetes Treatments DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, and GLP-1RA in White and Asian Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1948-1957. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:e200-e201. [PMID: 33218984 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- GD Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India .,Sun Valley Hospital & Diabetes Research Centre, Guwahati, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- GD Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
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Singh AK, Praharaj M, Lombardo KA, Yoshida T, Matoso A, Baras AS, Zhao L, Prasad P, Srikrishna G, Powell JD, Kates M, McConkey D, Pardoll DM, Bishai WR, Bivalacqua TJ. Recombinant BCG overexpressing STING agonist elicits trained immunity and improved antitumor efficacy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Singh AK, Zameer A, Sood R, Verma S, Samanta J, Bal A, Sinha SK, Kochhar R. Chronic diarrhea with white colon: primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. QJM 2020; 113:886-887. [PMID: 32330275 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Sood
- Department of Pathology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - S Verma
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | | | - A Bal
- Department of Pathology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Meena MK, Singh AK, Prasad LK, Islam A, Meena MD, Dotaniya ML, Singh H, Yadav BL. Impact of arsenic-polluted groundwater on soil and produce quality: a food chain study. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:785. [PMID: 33241452 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to assess the impact of arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater irrigation on soil health and crop quality. Geo-referenced groundwater, soil, and crop produce samples were collected from the middle Gangetic plains of Maner block of Patna and were analyzed for As content. The result showed that long-term application of As-contaminated groundwater (0.017 to 0.677 mg L-1) buildup significant amount of As in the soil (0.41 to 8.66 mg kg-1). A significant correlation (r2 = 0.922) was also observed between As content in groundwater and the soil. The content of As in groundwater also affected crop quality and accumulated metal content in different crop parts. Total As content in crop samples ranged from 0.010 to 0.963 μg g-1 of dry weight. The average As content in crop followed order: oilseeds > cereals > vegetables > pulses. Therefore, produce quality should be monitored frequently for As uptake as there is a great chance of As accumulation in food crops. Hence, these approaches are useful for the formulation of policy guidelines for the management of As-containing groundwater and routine risk assessment of As-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Meena
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800 014, India
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800 014, India
| | - L K Prasad
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800 014, India
| | - Adlul Islam
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800 014, India
| | - M D Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303, India
| | - M L Dotaniya
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303, India.
| | - Harvir Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303, India
| | - B L Yadav
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, 303 329, India
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Abstract
Web Security is a challenging task amidst ever rising threats on the Internet. With billions of websites active on Internet, and hackers evolving newer techniques to trap web users, machine learning offers promising techniques to detect malicious websites. The dataset described in this manuscript is meant for such machine learning based analysis of malicious and benign webpages. The data has been collected from Internet using a specialized focused web crawler named MalCrawler [1]. The dataset comprises of various extracted attributes, and also raw webpage content including JavaScript code. It supports both supervised and unsupervised learning. For supervised learning, class labels for malicious and benign webpages have been added to the dataset using the Google Safe Browsing API.1 The most relevant attributes within the scope have already been extracted and included in this dataset. However, the raw web content, including JavaScript code included in this dataset supports further attribute extraction, if so desired. Also, this raw content and code can be used as unstructured data input for text-based analytics. This dataset consists of data from approximately 1.5 million webpages, which makes it suitable for deep learning algorithms. This article also provides code snippets used for data extraction and its analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Advanced Data Analytics & Parallel Technologies Lab (ADAPT Lab), Department of Computer Science & Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
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Mishra DR, Paliwal L, Sutar SS, Singh AK. DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE BADGE READER SYSTEM FOR INDIVIDUAL MONITORING OF RADIATION WORKERS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2020; 191:25-38. [PMID: 33098303 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Optically Stimulated Luminescence Badge Reader (OSBARE-1) system has been designed and developed for application in the individual monitoring dosimetry. This badge reader system utilizes the 470-nm light of a blue LED for CW-OSL readout with the help of PMT photon counting module. The developed reader system can process four element 24 OSLD cards within 25 min. These four-element OSLD card consists of the Teflon embedded indigenously developed dosimetric grade α-Al2O3:C phosphor. The minimum measurable dose (MMD) was found to be ~26 μGy for these OSLD cards with reproducibility of ~1.12%. The various operational parameters such as variation in the dark counts, OSL scattering background counts and reproducibility have been studied in detailed for this reader system. The dosimetric studies performed on this developed reader system found to have a great potential for the OSLD-based large-scale personnel monitoring program for the radiation workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Physical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Lovely Paliwal
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - S S Sutar
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - A K Singh
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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93
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Singh AK, Misra A. Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1625-1630. [PMID: 32891011 PMCID: PMC7451213 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Presence of comorbidities in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have often been associated with increased in-hospital complications and mortality. Intriguingly, several developed countries with a higher quality of life have relatively higher mortality with COVID-19, compared to the middle- or low-income countries. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have shown a higher predilection to contract COVID-19, with heightened mortality. We sought to review the available literature with regards to impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on the health and economics, especially in context to the developing countries including India. METHODS A Boolean search was carried out in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar databases up till August 23, 2020 using the specific keywords, to find the prevalence of comorbidities and its outcome in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS All available evidence consistently suggests that presence of comorbidities is associated with a poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes prevalence is highest in Indian COVID-19 patients, compared to other countries. Majority of the patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic ranging from 26 to 76%. CONCLUSIONS Universal masking is the need of hour during unlock period. Low-income countries such as India, Brazil and Africa with less resources and an average socio-economic background, must adopt a strict policy for an affordable testing programs to trace, test, identify and home quarantine of asymptomatic cases. Despite the huge number of COVID-19 patients, India still has low volume research at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease and Endocrinology, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India
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McDonald AJ, Balwinder-Singh, Jat ML, Craufurd P, Hellin J, Hung NV, Keil A, Kishore A, Kumar V, McCarty JL, Pearson P, Samaddar A, Shyamsundar P, Shirsath PB, Sidhu HS, Singh AK, Singh S, Srivastava AK, Urban E, Malik RK, Gerard B. Indian agriculture, air pollution, and public health in the age of COVID. World Dev 2020; 135:105064. [PMID: 32834377 PMCID: PMC7332940 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the intuitive link between chronic health conditions associated with air pollution and the vulnerability of individuals and communities to COVID-19. Poor air quality already imposes a highly significant public health burden in Northwest India, with pollution levels spiking to hazardous levels in November and early December when rice crop residues are burned. The urgency of curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating a potential resurgence later in the year provides even more justification for accelerating efforts to dramatically reduce open agricultural burning in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J McDonald
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Balwinder-Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India
| | - M L Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India
| | - P Craufurd
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Khumultar, Lalitpur District, Nepal
| | - J Hellin
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - N V Hung
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - A Keil
- UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH, Schnewlinstr. 10, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Kishore
- International Food and Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), New Delhi, India
| | - V Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - J L McCarty
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Analysis Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - P Pearson
- International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI), USA
| | - A Samaddar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - P Shyamsundar
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - P B Shirsath
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture & Food Security (CCAFS), BISA, CIMMYT, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - H S Sidhu
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Ladhowal, Ludhiana 141008, India
| | - A K Singh
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhanshu Singh
- IRRI South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), NSRTC Campus, Varanasi 221006, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- IRRI South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), NSRTC Campus, Varanasi 221006, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E Urban
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R K Malik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India
| | - B Gerard
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600, México, D.F., Mexico
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95
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Singh AK, Singh R. At-admission hyperglycemia is consistently associated with poor prognosis and early intervention can improve outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1641-1644. [PMID: 32896795 PMCID: PMC7456191 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS At-admission hyperglycemia have been associated with poorer outcome during critical illnesses. At-admission hyperglycemia in previously unknown diabetes is not uncommonly encountered entity in patients with COVID-19. We sought to find out the outcomes of at-admission hyperglycemia and effect of early intervention to achieve optimal glycemic control in relation to COVID-19 patients. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar database up till August 20, 2020 using specific keywords related to our aims and objectives. RESULTS All currently available evidences clearly hint that at-admission hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19 is associated with a poorer outcome, compared with normoglycemic individuals. Fortunately, early intervention by achieving an optimal glycemic control has also been associated with a significant improvement in the outcomes in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION At-admission hyperglycemia should be taken seriously by all clinicians treating patients with COVID-19. All efforts should be made towards an optimal glycemic control in patients with COVID-19, even in absence of pre-existing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, G.D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India.
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96
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Balwinder-Singh, Shirsath PB, Jat ML, McDonald AJ, Srivastava AK, Craufurd P, Rana DS, Singh AK, Chaudhari SK, Sharma PC, Singh R, Jat HS, Sidhu HS, Gerard B, Braun H. Agricultural labor, COVID-19, and potential implications for food security and air quality in the breadbasket of India. Agric Syst 2020; 185:102954. [PMID: 32982021 PMCID: PMC7503070 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, India imposed a national lockdown at the end of March 2020, a decision that resulted in a massive reverse migration as many workers across economic sectors returned to their home regions. Migrants provide the foundations of the agricultural workforce in the 'breadbasket' states of Punjab and Haryana in Northwest India.There are mounting concerns that near and potentially longer-term reductions in labor availability may jeopardize agricultural production and consequently national food security. The timing of rice transplanting at the beginning of the summer monsoon season has a cascading influence on productivity of the entire rice-wheat cropping system. To assess the potential for COVID-related reductions in the agriculture workforce to disrupt production of the dominant rice-wheat cropping pattern in these states, we use a spatial ex ante modelling framework to evaluate four scenarios representing a range of plausible labor constraints on the timing of rice transplanting. Averaged over both states, results suggest that rice productivity losses under all delay scenarios would be low as compare to those for wheat, with total system productivity loss estimates ranging from 9%, to 21%, equivalent to economic losses of USD $674 m to $1.48 billion. Late rice transplanting and harvesting can also aggravate winter air pollution with concomitant health risks. Technological options such as direct seeded rice, staggered nursery transplanting, and crop diversification away from rice can help address these challenges but require new approaches to policy and incentives for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder-Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Paresh B Shirsath
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture & Food Security (CCAFS), BISA, CIMMYT, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - M L Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - A J McDonald
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- IRRI South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), NSRTC Campus, Varanasi 221006, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Peter Craufurd
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Khumultar, Lalitpur District, Nepal
| | - D S Rana
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - A K Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S K Chaudhari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P C Sharma
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- ICAR-Agriculture Technology Applications Research Institute (ATARI), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - H S Jat
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - H S Sidhu
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), CIMMYT, Ladhowal, Ludhiana, Punjab 141008, India
| | - B Gerard
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Hans Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600, México, D.F., Mexico
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97
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Singh AK, Mali DK. Periosteum eversion technique versus subpedicle connective tissue graft technique for root coverage of gingival recessions: A randomized split-mouth study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:81-88. [PMID: 33041582 PMCID: PMC7518482 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_32_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The connective tissue graft (CTG) with pedicle flap as subpedicle CTG technique (SPCTGT) is considered the gold standard technique in the treatment of gingival recessions. The aim of this study was to compare periosteum eversion technique (PET) with SPCTGT for root coverage of gingival recessions. Materials and Methods: Ten patients having bilateral gingival recessions of Miller class I and II were selected. The left or right side was randomly assigned into PET group and SPCTGT group. Before and after 1 year of surgery, depth of gingival recession (DGR), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), width of attached gingiva (WAG), and probing depth (PD) were measured and compared. Pre- and post-groups were compared by paired t-test. Two independent groups were compared by independent Student's t-test. A two-tailed (α =2) P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Comparing the pre to post mean of PET and SPCTGT showed decrease (net improvement) in DGR (−5.80 ± 0.42 vs. −4.65 ± 0.39, mean difference = −1.15 ± 0.57, t = 2.02, P = 0.058) and in PD (−1.05 ± 0.12 vs. −0.60 ± 0.12, mean difference = −0.45 ± 0.17, t = 2.64, P = 0.017); and increase (net improvement) in WKG (5.80 ± 0.42 vs. 4.80 ± 0.41, mean difference = 1.00 ± 0.58, t = 1.71, P = 0.104) and in WAG (5.60 ± 0.32 vs. 4.90 ± 0.24, mean difference = 0.70 ± 0.41, t = 1.73, P = 0.101). PET showed 19.8% and 42.9% higher decrease in DGR and PD; and 17.2% and 12.5% higher increase in WKG and WAG, respectively, than SPCTGT. Conclusions: The study found that both the modalities were effective in the management of root coverage of gingival recessions. However, PET was found more effective than SPCTGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Periodontology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhananjay Kumar Mali
- Department of Periodontology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
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98
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Abstract
Context Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is one of the fastest growing malignancies. It is the most common subtype of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood. It has three major subtypes - endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. Aims This study aims to study the clinicomorphologic features of this disease entity and to find optimal imaging technique for such cases. Setting and Design A retrospective observational study in a tertiary care center of academic and research potential. Subjects and Methods We are presenting three unusual cases of sporadic type of BL who presented initially as localized right iliac fossa mass mimicking as acute appendicitis. Initially, localized presentation progressed to diffuse abdominal mass lesions causing intestinal obstruction. Results These cases had emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis by the ultrasonography (USG) or computed tomography (CT) scan for early diagnosis so as to manage such cases simply by early appropriate medical treatment. Conclusion In this article, we will discuss the clinical and imaging features of BL with the role of USG, CT scan and positron emission tomography/CT in the abdominopelvic imaging of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Dashottar
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Military Hospital (CTC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - B S Sunita
- Department of Pathology, Army Hospital R&R, New Delhi, India
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pacific Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vandana Rana
- Department of Pathology, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virender Suhag
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Army Hospital R&R, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Army Hospital R&R, New Delhi, India
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99
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Kerketta S, Sarangdevot SS, Naruka PS, Verma S, Pachauri CP, Singh AK, Singh JP, Bhadauria SS. Effect of azolla as feed supplement on milk production of lactating buffaloes at Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh. IJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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100
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Rani K, Raghu BR, Jha SK, Agarwal P, Mallick N, Niranjana M, Sharma JB, Singh AK, Sharma NK, Rajkumar S, Tomar SMS. A novel leaf rust resistance gene introgressed from Aegilops markgrafii maps on chromosome arm 2AS of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:2685-2694. [PMID: 32507913 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel leaf rust resistance gene, LrM, introgressed from Aegilops markgrafii and mapped on chromosome 2AS using SSR- and SNP-based PCR markers will aid in broadening the genetic base of rust resistance in wheat. A new leaf rust resistance gene tentatively named LrM was introgressed from the diploid non-progenitor species Ae. markgrafii (2n = 2x = 14, genome CC) into common wheat using the nulli-5B mechanism. The introgression line ER9-700 showed a high degree of resistance against a wide spectrum of Puccinia triticina pathotypes. Genetic analysis was performed using the F1, F2, F2:3 and BC1F1 generations derived from the cross ER9-700/Agra Local. The results showed a single dominant gene for leaf rust resistance. The resistance gene LrM was mapped on chromosome arm 2AS using SSR- and SNP-based PCR markers. Preliminary mapping with SSR markers in the F2:3 population from the cross ER9-700/Agra Local identified two SSR markers flanking the LrM. SNPs were identified in the genomic region flanked by SSR markers, and SNP-based PCR markers were developed to construct the final map. Three SNP-based PCR markers co-segregated and mapped closest to the resistance gene at a distance of 2 cM. The gene LrM was distinguished from all the other genes designated and mapped on chromosome arm 2AS by molecular markers and rust reaction. All five markers used in the mapping amplified identical alleles in the donor Ae. markgrafii accession and introgression line ER9-700. The chromosomal location and rust reaction suggest that LrM is a novel leaf rust resistance gene that may be useful in broadening the genetic base of leaf rust resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rani
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001, India
| | - B R Raghu
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089, India
| | - S K Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Priyanka Agarwal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Niharika Mallick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - M Niranjana
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - J B Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - N K Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S Rajkumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S M S Tomar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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