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Tan ML, Ng KL, Loh LWL, Haugan G, Wang W, He HG. A descriptive qualitative study exploring the postpartum confinement experiences among first-time mothers from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore. Midwifery 2022; 114:103463. [PMID: 36054950 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modern Singaporean mothers still embrace traditional confinement practices after childbirth, which often marks a significant milestone in maternal experiences. However, limited studies have explored in-depth the collective confinement experiences of mothers in Singapore. This study hence aimed to explore the postpartum confinement experiences of first-time mothers from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, namely Chinese, Malay, and Indian. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants. Individual semi-structured face-to-face/telephone interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Sixteen first-time mothers were recruited from two obstetric clinics in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. FINDINGS Five themes emerged: "Specific diets adopted and avoided for different purposes", "Complexity of various traditional confinement practices (TCPs) adopted", "Reasons for adopting TCPs", "Reasons for modifying TCPs", and "Postpartum challenges". KEY CONCLUSIONS Our study provided unique insights about Singapore's Chinese, Malay and Indian first-time mothers' postpartum confinement experiences. While confinement practices were still observed, many mothers no longer subscribed to guidelines followed by previous generations and were modifying or forgoing practices they deemed impractical. Mothers faced challenges adapting to new motherhood and often felt restrained or stressed by confinement practices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals should take the lead to educate mothers and their families on harmful traditional confinement practices and their misconceptions. Future studies could explore alternative methods of postpartum check-up to improve first-time mothers' confinement experiences, and focus specifically on lower-income families to explore their unique confinement experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lynn Tan
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai Lin Ng
- National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Leta Wei Ling Loh
- National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
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Jehi T, Khan R, Halawani R, Dos Santos H. Effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the diet, body weight and food security status of students of higher education: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022;:1-13. [PMID: 35946073 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted college students' lifestyles and placed them at a greater risk of obesity and food insecurity. The purpose of the systematic review was to consolidate evidence for the effect of Covid-19 on students' dietary quality, dietary habits, body weight and food security status. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilising various databases including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Embase and Scopus to identify relevant studies. To be incorporated in this review, studies had to include higher education students, measure the prevalence of food insecurity and assess the dietary and body weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The studies showed that the diet quality of college students was compromised during the pandemic in many nations due to the decrease in the intake of whole grains, dairy products, legumes, nuts, fruits and vegetables and the increase in consumption of alcohol, confectionery products and refined grains. There was an increase in the frequency of cooking, binge eating, breakfast skipping and unhealthy snacking. These modifications, in return, were associated with body weight changes, with no less than 20 to 30 % of students gaining weight during the pandemic. The pandemic also impacted food security status of students, with over 30% being food insecure worldwide. The COVID-19 outbreak has exacerbated the students' diet quality and dietary habits and placed them under high risk of weight gain and food insecurity. Higher education institutions and governments should improve students' access to nutritious foods and incorporate nutrition education interventions in the curricula.
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Kurisu K, Matsuoka M, Sato K, Hattori A, Yamanaka Y, Nohara N, Otani M, Yoshiuchi K. Increased prevalence of eating disorders in Japan since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2251-2255. [PMID: 34855142 PMCID: PMC8638639 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of eating disorders in Japan. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of new patients with eating disorders who visited an outpatient eating disorders clinic of a single university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from April 2020 to March 2021 (FY2020) and April 2019 to March 2020 (FY2019). We determined whether the onset or course in each patient in FY2020 was associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and classified COVID-19-associated medical histories into the following categories: (1) fatness phobia, (2) acceleration of dieting, (3) family relationships, (4) social factors, and (5) mood change. We performed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare the cumulative distribution of disease onset by month in FY2020 and FY2019. RESULTS We reviewed the records of 112 and 77 patients with eating disorders in FY2020 and FY2019, respectively. The onset or course of 35 patients (31.3%) in FY2020 was associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We classified 14 patients to fatness phobia category, 11 to acceleration of dieting, 4 to family relationships, 2 to social factors, and 4 to mood change. No COVID-19-associated cases were associated with fear of contracting the disease. The cumulative distribution of disease onset differed significantly in FY2020 and FY2019 (D = 0.248; P = 0.007). CONCLUSION This chart review suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence of eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kurisu
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuoka
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Sato
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asako Hattori
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yukari Yamanaka
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nohara
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Otani
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Kovács KD. Determination of the human impact on the drop in NO 2 air pollution due to total COVID-19 lockdown using Human-Influenced Air Pollution Decrease Index (HIAPDI). Environ Pollut 2022; 306:119441. [PMID: 35550137 PMCID: PMC9487181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between territorial human influence and decreases in NO2 air pollution during a total COVID-19 lockdown in Metropolitan France. NO2 data from the confinement period and the Human Influence Index (HII) were implemented to address the problem. The relative change in tropospheric NO2 was calculated using Sentinel-5P (TROPOMI) satellite data. Hotspot-Coldspot analysis was performed to examine the change in NO2. Moreover, the novel Human-Influenced Air Pollution Decrease Index (HIAPDI) was developed. Weather bias was investigated by implementing homogeneity analysis with χ2 test. The correlations between variables were tested with the statistical T-test. Likewise, remote observations were validated with data from in-situ monitoring stations. The study showed a strong correlation between the NO2 decrease during April 2020 under confinement measures and HII. The greater the anthropogenic influence, the greater the reduction of NO2 in the regions (R2 = 0.62). The new HIAPDI evidenced the degree of anthropogenic impact on NO2 change. HIAPDI was found to be a reliable measure to determine the correlation between human influence and change in air pollution (R2 = 0.93). It is concluded that the anthropogenic influence is a determining factor in the phenomenon of near-surface NO2 reduction. The implementation of HIAPDI is recommended in the analysis of other polluting gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamill Dániel Kovács
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire LOTERR-EA7304, Île Du Saulcy, 57045, Metz, France.
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Heis C, Olieric MF, Eszto ML, Goetz C, Matuszewski L. [Mother's experience of planned caesarean section in the absence of the father or companion: Impact of Covid-19 pandemic-related lockdown]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2022; 50:511-518. [PMID: 35504541 PMCID: PMC9631304 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of the father or companion during planned caesarean section presents several benefits. However, we found no study regarding the mother's experience of his presence or absence. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted an observational, prospective, two-centre study based on the data of women who had a planned caesarean section in Bel Air and Mercy Maternities between November 17th 2020 and June 4th 2021. Two groups were formed : a control group, including women who had a c-section in the presence of the father or companion, and a case group, including women who had a c-section without the father or companion due to Covid-19 pandemic-related containment measures. The primary endpoint was to assess the mother's anxiety regarding the presence or absence of the father or companion during planned c-section, by the use of a numerical scale of stress and STAI YA inventory. The secondary endpoint was the appraisal of information given by the medical team concerning c-section and the containment measures. RESULTS Regarding the level of stress during the c-section, we did not find a significant difference by the use of the numerical scale of stress. With a mean of 53 in the case group and 49 in the focus group (P=0,048), the STAI YA scores showed a significant difference. Between the day before and the day of the c-section, we found no significant difference by the use of the numerical scale of stress. STAI YA scores showed a significant difference, with a delta of 5 in the case group against 1 in the focus group (P=0,01). Most patients estimated that the information given by the medical team helped to reduce their stress. 93 % of the patients in the focus group reckoned they would have been more stressed in the absence of the father or companion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The significant results of this study suggest the absence of the father or companion during planned caesarean section has an impact on mother's experience. Therefore, this should be considered in order to better our practices and improve mother's experience. In the long term, we could imagine making their presence possible during emergency caesarean sections as well (general anesthesia excluded). We could also envision adding to preparation courses to c-section to birth preparation courses, for mothers (to reduce psychological impact) but also for fathers or companions (to allow their presence in the operation room).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heis
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1-3, rue du Friscaty, 57100 Thionville, France.
| | - M F Olieric
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1-3, rue du Friscaty, 57100 Thionville, France.
| | - M L Eszto
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1, allée du Château, 57330 Ars-Laquenexy, France.
| | - C Goetz
- Plateforme d'Appui à la Recherche Clinique, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1, allée du Château, 57330 Ars-Laquenexy, France.
| | - L Matuszewski
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1-3, rue du Friscaty, 57100 Thionville, France
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Joseph L, Kumar PS, Deeraj BDS, Joseph K, Jayanarayanan K, Mini KM. Modification of epoxy binder with multi walled carbon nanotubes in hybrid fiber systems used for retrofitting of concrete structures: evaluation of strength characteristics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09609. [PMID: 35706939 PMCID: PMC9189027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in infrastructural facilities necessitates an efficient approach for the repair and retrofitting of concrete structures and, confinement method using fiber reinforced polymer is a promising one. The commonly used carbon and glass fibers for confinement poses environmental and performance issues. The present study addresses these two major aspects by considering natural fibers along with modification of epoxy binder to impart ductile behavior ie., to investigate the effectiveness of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) incorporated synthetic and natural fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems as the external confinement. MWCNT is incorporated in 0.5-1.5wt.% in epoxy nano and epoxy multiscale and there is significant enhancement in tensile and fracture properties of the composites up to 1wt.%, beyond which it declined due to agglomeration. Various strength tests were performed with sisal, basalt, carbon and hybrid sisal-basalt FRP systems with different FRP layer thickness on plain concrete cylinders. From the test results it is outlined that external confinement with MWCNT incorporated FRP improved the axial load-carrying capacity, energy absorption and ductility of concrete with respect to that of control specimens. Compared with unconfined specimens, those strengthened with MWCNT modified hybrid FRP wraps containing sisal and basalt fibers recorded increments of 114% and 87% in their load-carrying capacity and energy absorption, due to the intrinsic rigidity of hybrid fibers and epoxy modification. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that MWCNT incorporated hybrid sisal-basalt FRP confined specimens exhibited superior properties and the low strength of natural FRP confinement compared to artificial FRP can be improved by epoxy modification. The outer jacketing resisted abrupt and catastrophic failure to a great extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Joseph
- Department of Civil Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - P Sarath Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India.,Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - B D S Deeraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Karingamanna Jayanarayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India.,Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - K M Mini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
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Alomari MA, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Hendawi M. Negative emotional symptoms during COVID19 confinement: The relationship with reading habits. Inform Med Unlocked 2022; 31:100962. [PMID: 35582323 PMCID: PMC9093192 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is an ongoing pandemic, which forced governments across the globe to implement confinement measures to limit the spread of the disease. These measures have impacted the daily life and psychological status of people. However, no studies have examined the relationship between changes in psychological status with reading habits during the COVID19 pandemic. Objectives The study aims at examining the relationship between changes in reading habits and negative emotional states. Method The psychological status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS). In addition, the participants reported changes in four types of reading experiences during COVID19 confinement. These reading types are specialized, general knowledge, story/novels, and religious material. An internet-based survey was used to collect the data among adults. Results A total of 1711 individuals participated in the study. About 60.0%, 55.1%, 60.5% and 61.0% reported participating in scientific, religious, general, and novel reading, respectively. Additionally, the ANOVA revealed differences (p < 0.05) in DASS scores according to the changes in scientific, religious, newspaper, and novel/story reading. Subgroup post hoc comparisons showed that DASS scores were associated with a no-change or increase in all types of reading habits indicating a main effect of emotional state on all types of reading. Conclusions Current results might suggest that the participants who experienced greater negative emotions, tended to either not change or increase their reading habits. Additionally, individuals with lower negative emotion scores reported a decrease in reading during the COVID19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manal Hendawi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Pan L, Nian H, Zhang R, Liu H, Li C, Wei H, Yi R, Li J, Li X, Bao J. Stereotypic behaviors are associated with physiology and immunity differences in long-term confined sows. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113776. [PMID: 35276120 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant sows in the confined environment have poor welfare and frequently perform stereotypic behaviors. In order to clarify whether highly stereotypic behavior is a sign of increased stress and successfully contributes to coping with or adaptation to adverse environment, fifty pregnant sows (Large White × Landrace) housed in stalls were selected to observe behaviors and analyze physiological parameters [cortisol, major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP)], and immunological parameters [immunoglobin A (IgA), immunoglobin G (IgG), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)] in early, middle and late gestation (27th, 62nd and 91st day). A repeated-measures analysis and Friedman test was performed to analyze the differences of behaviors and physiological and immunological parameters. The results showed that lateral lying behavior increased significantly with the progress of sows' gestation, while standing and ventral lying behaviors significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Sham-chewing, bar-biting, trough-biting and rooting behaviors significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in physiological and immune levels in different gestational periods (p > 0.05). The results also indicated that sham-chewing behavior was positively correlated with serum cortisol, IL-6, IL-10, and negatively correlated with serum IFN-γ in each gestational period (p < 0.05). Trough-biting behavior was positively correlated with serum TNF-α in middle and late gestation (p < 0.05). Rooting behavior was positively correlated with serum IgG in each gestational period, and positively correlated with serum Pig-MAP, IL-6, and IL-10 in middle and late gestation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the sows with a high incidence of stereotypic behaviors tried to improve stress and humoral immunity to cope with the confined environment, and long-term confined sows might be in a chronic stress state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haoyang Nian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ran Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China.
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Haghshomar M, Shobeiri P, Brand S, Rossell SL, Akhavan Malayeri A, Rezaei N. Changes of symptoms of eating disorders (ED) and their related psychological health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 35418108 PMCID: PMC9006500 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and its related social restrictions have profoundly affected people's mental health. It can be assumed that symptomatic behaviors and mental health of individuals with eating disorders (ED) deteriorated during this time. To get a thorough overview, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following aims: First, to provide a comprehensive overview of symptoms of ED during the COVID-19-related confinement; second, to identify psychological mechanisms which impacted the emergence and maintenance of ED symptoms; third, to describe changes of daily routine and changes of access to healthcare in individuals with ED during confinement. METHODS We searched Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases for observational studies published between January 1st, 2020, to July 1st, 2021, which investigated the symptomatology of ED during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS After the screening, 13 studies with 7848 participants were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of exacerbation of binge eating, food restriction, purging behaviors, and concerns about food intake in the pooled sample of 7848 was 59.65% (95% CI: 49.30%; 69.60%), and the overall prevalence of improved symptoms of ED in the pooled sample of 741 individuals was 9.37% (95% CI: 3.92%; 16.57%). Furthermore, COVID-19-related social restrictions negatively impacted the psychological health, daily routines, and physical activity of individuals with ED. More specifically, symptoms of anxiety and depression related to ED were increased significantly over time. However, there were also positive aspects to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main positive consequences included more emotional support from the family, less pressure to engage in social activities, and more flexible meal planning. Individuals with ED reported having difficulties getting access to healthcare centers and using telemedicine. They also found a hard time communicating via online sessions. CONCLUSIONS According to our interpretation, based on the data included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, the COVID-19 pandemic and its related social restrictions detrimentally impacted the mental health of majority of individuals with ED. Limited and impaired access to healthcare interventions appeared to have further exacerbated mental health issues of individuals with ED. Given this background, it seems that individuals with ED demand more attention during the COVID-19 crisis, and it is necessary to ensure that their course of treatment remains uninterrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Haghshomar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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García-Prado A, González P, Rebollo-Sanz YF. Lockdown strictness and mental health effects among older populations in Europe. Econ Hum Biol 2022; 45:101116. [PMID: 35193043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates whether lockdown policies aggravated mental health problems of older populations (50 and over) in Europe during the first COVID-19 wave. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE COVID-19 questionnaire) and from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for 17 countries, we estimate the causal effect of lockdown policies on mental health by combining cross-country variability in the strictness of the policies with cross-individual variability in face-to-face contacts prior to the pandemic. We find that lockdown policies worsened insomnia, anxiety, and depression by 5, 7.2 and 5.1 percentage points, respectively. This effect was stronger for women and those aged between 50 and 65. Interestingly, lockdown policies notably damaged the mental health of healthy populations. We close with a discussion of lockdown policies targeted at individuals above 65 and/or with pre-existing conditions.
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Lancien U, Voisin A, Faraj S, Duteille F, Perrot P. Impact of the 2020 French lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency consultations for pediatric burns in a regional referral hospital. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2022; 67:81-5. [PMID: 35210099 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required the establishment of total lockdown in France from March 17 to May 11, 2020. We analyzed the impact of this lockdown on the pediatric burn population consulting in our burn unit during this period compared to data from previous years in order to analyze our model of emergency care for children burned during this unprecedented situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective single-center study by reviewing files concerning emergency consultations for children burns during the total lockdown in France in 2020 (COVID group) compared to the same weeks of 2018 and 2019 (no-COVID group). RESULTS We find a significant decrease in the number of consultations (P=0.02) during the confinement period. In the "COVID" group, we found a significant increase in burn to the hand (P=0.03) and lower limbs (P=0.03). The other criteria evaluated did not find any difference between the groups. Assessment of a possible rebound effect within 2 weeks of total lockdown found an increased incidence of the children burn consultation, an increased number of older children and mainly male. CONCLUSION The decrease in the number of consultations alerts us to a potential increase in the functional sequelae of burns in these patients at risk. Longer-term follow-up will allow us to assess the consequences of this lockdown on this particularly at-risk population.
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Graff I, De Broucker C, Vargas J, Vanoost A, Gondry J, Foulon A. [COVID-19 and lockdown: Impact on pregnancy complications]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2022; 50:236-239. [PMID: 34915137 PMCID: PMC8668785 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction L’apparition de la COVID-19 a entraîné la mise en place d’un confinement en France du 17 mars au 11 mai 2020. Notre étude a pour but d’évaluer l’impact du confinement sur le taux d’hospitalisation pour menace d’accouchement prématuré et sur le taux d’accouchement prématuré. Méthodes Étude épidémiologique rétrospective multicentrique réalisée sur la période du confinement du 15 mars au 31 mai 2020, comparée à la même période au cours des deux années précédentes (2018 et 2019) dans les hôpitaux de Picardie (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Centres Hospitaliers de Beauvais, Compiègne et Saint-Quentin). Résultats Au total, 608 patientes ont été incluses. Nous retrouvons une réduction significative du taux de rupture prématuré des membranes (16,9 % [73/432] en 2018/2019 vs 9,7 % [17/176] en 2020 ; p = 0,02), ainsi que du taux d’accouchement prématuré (9,3 % [276/2961] en 2018/2019 vs 6,8 % [96/1416] en 2020 ; p < 0,05) sur l’ensemble des hôpitaux. Notre étude met également en évidence une diminution des hospitalisations (207 en 2019 vs 176 en 2020). Conclusion Il est observé, au cours de la première période de confinement, une réduction du taux d’accouchement prématuré. Il serait, par ailleurs, intéressant d’évaluer l’impact psychologique du confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Graff
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 1, boulevard du Professeur Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - C De Broucker
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 1, boulevard du Professeur Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France; UFR de médecine, université Picardie Jules-Vernes, 3, rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - J Vargas
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 1, boulevard du Professeur Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - A Vanoost
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 1, boulevard du Professeur Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - J Gondry
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 1, boulevard du Professeur Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France; UFR de médecine, université Picardie Jules-Vernes, 3, rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - A Foulon
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 1, boulevard du Professeur Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France; UFR de médecine, université Picardie Jules-Vernes, 3, rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France.
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Buffet A, Bouteille C, Obert L, Loisel F, Pluvy I. [The incidence of hand trauma the COVID-19 epidemic setting]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2022; 67:86-92. [PMID: 35148919 PMCID: PMC8784619 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In France, a lockdown was enforced from March 17 to May 11, 2020. It was renewed with different modalities from April 3 to May 3, 2021. Our objective was to compare the epidemiology of hand and wrist trauma injuries during these periods to a control period, with the hypothesis of a decreased incidence of hand and wrist trauma. METHODS Patients consulting at a trauma emergency center of a university hospital labeled SOS-Mains were included during lockdowns, and were compared with a control group who consulted during an equivalent period in 2019. We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data in relation to hand and wrist injuries. RESULTS During lockdowns, there was an increase in these injuries relative to the total number of patients (from 16% to 22% and 18%). We found a decrease during the first lockdown in the number of fractures, amputations, burns, infections, injuries secondary to a work accident and isolated wounds but a significantly higher proportion of tendon and vasculonervous injuries in the first lockdown (12% vs. 4%). CONCLUSIONS In first lockdown, the incidence of hand and wrist injuries decreased, but there was an increase in tendon and microsurgical injuries. This may be explained by the change in leisure activities. This underlines the importance of preventive measures concerning the risks related to some activities (use of sharp/motorized tools) in this context of health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Buffet
- Service d’orthopédie, traumatologie, chirurgie plastique et assistance main, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France,Laboratoire de nanomédecine, imagerie et thérapeutique EA4662, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France,Auteur correspondant. Service d’orthopédie, traumatologie, chirurgie plastique et assistance main, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - C. Bouteille
- Service d’orthopédie, traumatologie, chirurgie plastique et assistance main, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France,Laboratoire de nanomédecine, imagerie et thérapeutique EA4662, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - L. Obert
- Service d’orthopédie, traumatologie, chirurgie plastique et assistance main, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France,Laboratoire de nanomédecine, imagerie et thérapeutique EA4662, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - F. Loisel
- Service d’orthopédie, traumatologie, chirurgie plastique et assistance main, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France,Laboratoire de nanomédecine, imagerie et thérapeutique EA4662, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - I. Pluvy
- Service d’orthopédie, traumatologie, chirurgie plastique et assistance main, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France,Laboratoire de nanomédecine, imagerie et thérapeutique EA4662, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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Drieskens S, Braekman E, Ridder KD, Gisle L, Charafeddine R, Hermans L, Demarest S. Domestic violence during the COVID-19 confinement: do victims feel more socially isolated? Arch Public Health 2022; 80:39. [PMID: 35078519 PMCID: PMC8787181 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 13th 2020, confinement measures have been introduced in Belgium to curb the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). These measures also have an impact on people's daily life (closure of school/businesses, teleworking, recommendation to stay at home). This can cause stress on social, economic and psychological levels and thereby can trigger domestic violence. Besides, confinement also fosters social isolation, which can complicate help seeking behaviour. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of domestic violence during the coronavirus crisis and to assess whether there is an association between domestic violence and social isolation. METHODS Several online COVID-19 Health Surveys were organised among Belgian residents aged 18+ via snowball sampling. This study is based on the second (April 2020) and the sixth survey (March 2021). After excluding 1-person households and missing data, the sample size was respectively 25,251 and 12,589. Weighted prevalence of domestic violence was evaluated for the two surveys. The association (OR; 95% CI; p-value) between domestic violence and subjective social isolation was assessed with logistic regression stratified by survey and adjusted for covariates. RESULTS In April 2020, 4.0% of the adult population reported being a victim of domestic violence (1.2% in the Health Interview Survey 2018); in March 2021, this was 6.2%. In April 2020, victims of domestic violence had higher odds of being unsatisfied with their social contacts (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08-1.44; p < .05), weak social support (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.97-2.58; p < .0001) and having less confidence in health care services (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.13-1.71; p < .05). In March 2021, victims had higher odds of being unsatisfied with their social contacts (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.08-1.56; p < .05) and weak social support (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 2.04-2.84; p < .0001), and social (OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 2.23-3.13; p < .0001) and emotional loneliness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.80-2.73; p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS More people have reported domestic violence since the start of the coronavirus crisis than did in 2018. An association between domestic violence and social isolation was determined. Although confinement is needed to counteract the virus, it can put people in a dangerous situation since they do not get the help they need. Therefore, adequate support is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Drieskens
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elise Braekman
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin De Ridder
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lydia Gisle
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lize Hermans
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Demarest
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Chakraborty R, Maiti A, Sharma N, Dey KK. Active matter dynamics in confined microfluidic environments. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2022; 186:245-265. [PMID: 35033287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of active matter is a nascent area of research in soft condensed matter physics, which is drawing on the expertise of researchers from diverse disciplines. Small scale active particles-both inorganic and biological-display non-trivial emergent dynamics and interactions that could help us understand complex biological processes and phenomena. Recently, using microfluidic technologies, several research groups have performed important experimental and theoretical studies to understand the behavior of self-propelled particles and molecular active matter within confined environments-to glean a fundamental understanding of the cellular processes occurring under ultra-low Reynolds number conditions. In this chapter, we would like to review applications of microfluidics in active matter research, highlighting a few important theoretical and experimental investigations. We will conclude the discussion with a note on the future of this field mentioning a few open questions that are at the forefront of our minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Chakraborty
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Arnab Maiti
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Jehi T, Khan R, Dos Santos H, Majzoub N. Effect of COVID-19 outbreak on anxiety among students of higher education; A review of literature. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-15. [PMID: 35018081 PMCID: PMC8736299 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of students and exacerbated the prevalence of anxiety among them. The purpose of the literature review was to consolidate evidence for the prevalence of anxiety among students of higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic and to underscore the effect of various pandemic-related factors on this anxiety. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing various databases such as MEDLINE, PsycInfo Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Embase to identify relevant studies. To be incorporated in this review, studies had to include students of higher education, measure the prevalence of anxiety, and assess anxiety during Covid-19 pandemic. RESULTS 37 studies met the inclusion criteria and assessed the prevalence of anxiety among students during confinement. Studies showed that more than one-third of the students suffered from anxiety during the early stages of the pandemic. Moreover, being a female, living in rural areas, facing financial hardship, working full-time, spending the quarantine in isolation, worrying about infection for themselves and others, having the uncertainty of the future, having reduced sleep quality, and transitioning to online learning, were factors associated with increased anxiety during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Anxiety was shown to be highly prevalent among the student population during the Covid-19 pandemic. Higher education institutions and governments should take action to ensure the safety and the physical, social, and mental wellbeing of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jehi
- Department of Health Sciences, James Madison University, 235 M.L.K. Jr. Way, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA
| | - Raihan Khan
- Department of Health Sciences, James Madison University, 235 M.L.K. Jr. Way, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA
| | - Hildemar Dos Santos
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
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Duray-Parmentier C, Nielens N, Duray D, Janne P, Gourdin M. The aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis in the field of intimacy: How to bounce back and rethink our values? Encephale 2022; 49:138-142. [PMID: 35012900 PMCID: PMC8741172 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human relationships and bonding reconfigure and reinvent themselves over time. For several decades, it has been interesting to note that both the digital dimension and the development of artificial intelligence have played a great evolutionary role in our relational society. There is an accessibility and intensification of social exchanges between internet users (published writings, photos, conversations, conferences… ). Although we access this interplanetary sharing of connection, despite everything the distancing and physical emotional social deprivation between several individuals belonging to a different household can bring significantly high suffering. Moreover, with the Covid-19 crisis, there has also been that fragility of our own personal doubt that will settle psychically in us: the uncertainty will be more intimate, more present and more distressing. If there is exposure to a potentially threatening stimulus as is the case with COVID-19, the exploration of positive or negative resources of survival and that of creativity (psychological capital) will emerge during this first increasedmajor confinement in order to bring non-negligible and bearable psychic responses to possible traumas and episodes of acute stress. However, the goal of this article is to propose a possible understanding of a resilience, thought and mobilized from a systemic approach: The relationship between the individual and his different systems of social, relational and existential belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duray-Parmentier
- Centre de Psychothérapie de Namur, rue des Œillets, 25, 5020 Namur, Belgium.
| | - N Nielens
- Centre de Psychothérapie de Namur, rue des Œillets, 25, 5020 Namur, Belgium
| | - D Duray
- Centre de Psychothérapie de Namur, rue des Œillets, 25, 5020 Namur, Belgium
| | - P Janne
- Faculté de Psychologie, Université catholique de Louvain; USERN, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Gourdin
- Université catholique de Louvain, Département d'Anesthésiologie, CHU UCL Namur; USERN, Yvoir, Belgium; Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain; USERN, avenue Emmanuel Mounier 50B-1200, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
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Agrawal R, Windsor A, Lammerding J. Assembly and Use of a Microfluidic Device to Study Nuclear Mechanobiology During Confined Migration. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2502:329-349. [PMID: 35412249 PMCID: PMC9862508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2337-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, that is, the spreading of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites, requires cancer cells to travel through pores substantially smaller than their cross section . This "confined migration" requires substantial deformation by the relatively large and rigid nucleus, which can impact nuclear compartmentalization, trigger cellular mechanotransduction pathways, and increase genomic instability. To improve our understanding of how cells perform and respond to confined migration, we developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices in which cells migrate through a precisely controlled "field of pillars" that closely mimic the intermittent confinement of tumor microenvironments and interstitial spaces. The devices can be designed with various densities of pillars, ranging from a very low density that does not require nuclear deformation to high densities that present microenvironment conditions with severe confinement. The devices enable assessment of cellular fitness for confined migration based on the distance traveled through the constriction area over several days. In this protocol, we present two complementary techniques to generate silicon master molds for the device fabrication: (1) SU-8 soft lithography for rapid prototyping and for devices with relatively large features; and (2) reactive ion etching (RIE) to achieve finer features and more durable molds. In addition, we describe the production, use, and validation of the devices, along with the analysis pipeline for experiments using the devices with fluorescently labeled cells. Collectively, this protocol enables the study of confined migration and is readily amendable to investigate other aspects of confined migration mechanobiology, such as nuclear pore complex function in response to nuclear deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Agrawal
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aaron Windsor
- Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to
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Pérez V, Aybar C, Pavía JM. Dataset of the COVID-19 lockdown survey conducted by GIPEyOP in Spain. Data Brief 2021; 40:107700. [PMID: 34909456 PMCID: PMC8662837 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This article introduces a dataset that captures relevant information about the living conditions, feelings, and habits of residents in Spain during ninety nine days of home confinement. This and other measures, imposed by the Government of Spain to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the population, have brought with them important economic, labor, and social changes, which have been accompanied by various modifications (some only temporary) in Spaniards habits and behaviours. Data collection was carried out through the implementation of a questionnaire with 33 questions, which was sent by email to the collaborators of GIPEyOP (Elections and Public Opinion Research Group from the University of Valencia). These collaborators, in turn, forwarded the questionnaire to their acquaintances using email and social networks, mainly WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter. This non-probabilistic methodology has generated a total of 8387 valid responses. The resulting dataset may be (re)used by sociologists, political scientists, economists, or psychologists, among others, to identify how household chores were distributed among family members during the lockdown, what impact the confinement had on the labor performance of workers, the extent of teleworking and on some (physical and psychological) health issues linked to the confinement, including relationships with the place of residence during confinement. The data also provides information on how social networks spread geographically or what Spaniards thought of the management of the crisis by local, national, and international authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Pérez
- GIPEyOP, Department of Applied Economics, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Aybar
- GIPEyOP, Department of Applied Economics, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M Pavía
- GIPEyOP, UMMICS, Department of Applied Economics, University of Valencia, Spain
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Aponte-Rivera C, Zia RN. The confined Generalized Stokes-Einstein relation and its consequence on intracellular two-point microrheology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 609:423-33. [PMID: 34906914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-point microrheology (TPM) is used to infer material properties of complex fluids from the correlated motion of hydrodynamically interacting probes embedded in the medium. The mechanistic connection between probe motion and material properties is propagation of disturbance flows, encoded in current TPM theory for unconfined materials. However, confined media e.g. biological cells and particle-laden droplets, require theory that encodes confinement into the flow propagator (Green's function). To test this idea, we use Confined Stokesian Dynamics simulations to explicitly represent many-body hydrodynamic couplings between colloids and with the enclosing cavity at arbitrary concentration and cavity size. We find that previous TPM theory breaks down in confinement, and we identify and replace the underlying key elements. We put forth a Confined Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation and report the viscoelastic spectrum. We find that confinement alters particle dynamics and increases viscosity, owing to hydrodynamic and entropic coupling with the cavity. The new theory produces a master curve for all cavity sizes and concentrations and reveals that for colloids larger than 0.005 times the enclosure size, the new model is required.
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Palau-Salvador G, Sempere K, Gómez-Fernández N, Belda-Marco A, González-Galindo I, Hoyo-Juliá M, Ros-Bonanad D, Carot Sierra JM. Survey data on the consequences of COVID-19 and home confinement on the educational community and families in Spain. Data Brief 2021; 39:107606. [PMID: 34841024 PMCID: PMC8609658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a dataset concerning the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement on the educational community and families, and the possibilities and opportunities for the return to schools. Data were collected through an online based cross-sectional survey between June 29, 2020 and July 12, 2020 in Spain. A total of 7,305 people who had children in their care during the COVID-19 crisis and the home-confinement period responded to the survey. The survey contained items concerning (i) socio-demographic information, (ii) conciliation of work, personal and family life during confinement, (iii) the impact of the pandemic on the respondent's family, and (iv) the respondents' opinion on their child(ren)'s return to school. Data were analysed using Stata (version 14) and are represented as frequencies and percentages based on responses to the entire survey. Researchers can use the dataset to analyse how home confinement impacted people with children in their care. Additionally, government authorities and education policymakers can use the data to ensure that schools respond to parents' main concerns in a pandemic context, as well as to be prepared to implement appropriate protocols in possible future similar crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kas Sempere
- Sociology Department, Universitat de València, Spain, and Open University, United Kingdom
| | - Nerea Gómez-Fernández
- Centro de Gestión de la Calidad y del Cambio, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain and Centro Universitario EDEM (Escuela de Empresarios), Spain
| | - Ana Belda-Marco
- INGENIO CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José-Miguel Carot Sierra
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
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Januel D, Fourati T, Moulier V, Ledosseur Y, Bolloré O, Isaac C, Senouci H, Benadhira R, Stamatiadis L, Saba G, Mascarenhas E, Beaucousin MC, Ernouf T, Slama F, Motut A, Rosetti R, Vassal L, Pecot F, Chammas F, Baha D, Rejeb HB, Bouaziz N. Prospective survey of psychiatric patients during the first confinement of the COVID 2019 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 66:102888. [PMID: 34763252 PMCID: PMC8541838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the early steps of an emerging infectious disease epidemic such as Covid-19, uncertainties about the nature of the disease, its spread and impact can lead to emotional distress. In addition, the studies on confinement during an epidemic have shown a psychological impact of this measure on the feelings of anxiety and depression in the general population. METHOD We assessed the psychological health of 550 patients followed up in outpatient psychiatry, via a pandemic-related teleconsultation during the first confinement period between March and June 2020. Patients were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the confinement on their personal situation, social relationships, professional activity, anxiety and mood. We also evaluated patients' symptomatology and their quality of life. RESULTS Patients were well informed about Covid-19 via the media and complied with the confinement and barrier procedures. They appreciated the phone-calls and the teleconsultation follow-up. A small proportion of patients were completely socially isolated mainly at the beginning of the confinement (10%). There was no difference between the beginning and the end of the confinement in terms of depressive and anxiety symptoms or quality of life. The women were more anxious and depressed than men. Only smoking was significantly increased during this period. CONCLUSION The expected and feared health catastrophe in psychiatry during this first phase of the pandemic in 2020 did not occur. Will the psychiatric wave appear in the "post- pandemic", the future will tell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Januel
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord; Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Taoufik Fourati
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Virginie Moulier
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Yann Ledosseur
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Ombline Bolloré
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Clémence Isaac
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Habib Senouci
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - René Benadhira
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Laurence Stamatiadis
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Ghassen Saba
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Eugenia Mascarenhas
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Marie Christine Beaucousin
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Thibault Ernouf
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Frédéric Slama
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Alex Motut
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Raluca Rosetti
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Laurent Vassal
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Fabrice Pecot
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Francesca Chammas
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Djamel Baha
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Hammadi Ben Rejeb
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
| | - Noomane Bouaziz
- Etablissement Publique de Santé de Ville Evrard, Unité de Recherche Clinique 93G03, 202 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Neuilly sur Marne 93330, France.
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Baquedano Mainar L, Sánchez Méndez S, Dieste Pérez P, Hernández Aragón M, Mendoza Ladrón de Guevara N. Women's knowledge about the genitourinary syndrome of menopause: adherence to its treatments in the COVID-19 era in a sample of them: COMEM-GSM study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:398. [PMID: 34847892 PMCID: PMC8631561 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study knowledge regarding genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and the treatments for it and to analyze treatment adherence during the COVID-19 confinement. METHODS Multi-center observational study including women between 35 and 75 years. An extension study of treatment adherence was conducted during the coronavirus pandemic between March and April 2020. RESULTS A sample of 2355 women were included. Vaginal dryness was the most frequently identified symptom (74.3%). Lubricants were the best-known treatments (69.6%), followed by local estrogens (25.7%); 66% of the women did not speak to their gynecologist about sexuality. Comparative analyses were conducted according to age, menopausal status, type of menopause, place of residence, type of health care received and level of education. During the coronavirus confinement period, adherence to treatments for vulvovaginal atrophy was poor in 72.5% asked (n = 204). Reduced sexual activity (p > 0.001) and coronavirus diagnosis (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with poorer treatment compliance. CONCLUSIONS There is great lack of knowledge of the treatments used for GSM. Most women do not talk to their gynecologist about sexuality. Adherence to treatments during the coronavirus confinement has been worryingly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baquedano Mainar
- Gynecology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Sonia Sánchez Méndez
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peña Dieste Pérez
- Gynecology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mónica Hernández Aragón
- Gynecology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Grave C, Gabet A, Puymirat E, Empana JP, Tuppin P, Danchin N, Olié V. Myocardial infarction throughout 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic: French nationwide study of hospitalization rates, prognosis and 90-day mortality rates. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 114:768-780. [PMID: 34840126 PMCID: PMC8600551 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies reported a decrease in hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (MI) in early 2020 as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, mainly restricted to the beginning of the pandemic. Aims To describe national trends in hospital admissions for MI in 2020, and to compare patient characteristics, in-hospital prognosis and 90-day mortality between patients who had an MI in 2020 and those admitted in 2017–2019. Methods All patients hospitalized for MI in France from 2017 to 2020 were selected from the national hospital discharge database. Analyses compared temporal trends in MI admissions, in-hospital cardiac complications and mortality rates in 2020 versus 2017–2019. Results In 2020, 94,747 patients were hospitalized for MI, corresponding to a 6% decrease in MI admissions compared with 2017–19. This decrease was larger during the first lockdown (–24%; P < 0.0001) than during the second lockdown (–8%; P < 0.0001). Reductions in MI admissions were more pronounced and longer among patients with non-ST-segment elevation MI, older people and women. An increase in ST-segment elevation MI admissions was observed between lockdowns (+4%; P = 0.0005). Globally, and after adjustment for age, sex and calendar year, in-hospital and 90-day post-discharge mortality rates did not differ in 2020 versus 2017–19: incidence rate ratio (IRR)adjin-hospital 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.98–1.08); IRRadj90-daypost-discharge 1.06, 95% CI (0.98–1.13). Conclusions In 2020, a significant decrease in MI admissions was observed, and was marked at the beginning of the year. This highlights the need to disseminate public information on the importance of maintaining care and regular medical follow-up. The effect of the COVID-19 crisis on acute and 3-month outcomes of patients hospitalized for MI appears limited. Nevertheless, monitoring of chronic MI complications and the impact on non-hospitalized patients should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Grave
- Santé Publique France (French Public Health Agency), 94415 Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Amélie Gabet
- Santé Publique France (French Public Health Agency), 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Etienne Puymirat
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Université Paris-Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Tuppin
- Caisse Nationale de l'Assurance Maladie (French National Health Insurance), 75020 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Université Paris-Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Olié
- Santé Publique France (French Public Health Agency), 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
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75
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Ferreira S, Campos C, Marinho B, Rocha S, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Barbosa Rocha N. What drives beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories? The role of psychotic-like experiences and confinement-related factors. Soc Sci Med 2021; 292:114611. [PMID: 34864602 PMCID: PMC8630839 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide threat to public health and the global economy. The climate of fear and uncertainty associated with the pandemic has fostered the emergence of a wide range of COVID-19 conspiracy theories that have the potential to shape public opinion and hinder the effective dissemination of valid information. Beliefs in conspiracy theories have been associated with maladaptive personality traits such as schizotypy and paranoia, as well as other non-psychotic psychological characteristics (e.g., social isolation, stress). Methods An online survey was conducted to examine the associations between beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and psychotic-like experiences in a Portuguese community sample (N = 438), while also addressing the role of sociodemographic variables, psychological outcomes (e.g., stress, affective states), confinement-related factors (e.g., confinement conditions/behaviors), and pandemic-related factors (e.g., health concerns, financial issues). Results Findings suggest that psychotic-like experiences are associated with beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, particularly perceptual abnormalities and persecutory ideation. Moreover, increased health-related concerns and reduced education levels also seem to be liability factors for these conspiracy beliefs. Conclusion These results add important insights into how the adherence to illogical and erroneous disease-related arguments can be related to psychotic-like experiences. COVID-19 conspiracy theories are yet another major challenge that governments and policymakers must contemplate when defining strategic directions to manage the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simão Ferreira
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Campos
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Marinho
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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76
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Maalej R, Hage R, Salviat F, Vignal-Clermont C. Impact of lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak on ophthalmological emergencies in a referral center in France. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 45:1-8. [PMID: 34823891 PMCID: PMC9304632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In March 2020, the sudden rise in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in France led the government to impose a strict lockdown during which all non-urgent medical consultations were postponed. From March 17 to May 10, 2020, private medical practices were closed, and telemedicine was encouraged. The consequences on ophthalmic care were dramatic, with over 90% of scheduled consultations canceled. The goal of this study was to describe consultations during the 2-month strict lockdown in Paris and to analyze its impact on the visual outcomes of patients consulting in the ophthalmology emergency department (OED). Methods Data of patients who presented to the OED of the A. de Rothschild Foundation Hospital (RFH), a tertiary ophthalmology center in Paris, France, during the lockdown period and its immediate aftermath were analyzed. The results were compared to the same time periods in the years 2018 and 2019. Four time periods were defined and numbered chronologically: March 17 to May 10, 2018 (period 1); March 17 to May 10, 2019 (period 2); March 17 to May 10, 2020 (period 3, the lockdown period); May 11 to June 9, 2020 (period 4, the post-lockdown period). Results The number of consultations was reduced by more than 50% during the lockdown period (n = 2909 patients) and by 30% during the post-lockdown period (n = 2622) when compared to periods 1 (n = 7125) and 2 (n = 8058). Even though LP4 saw an increase in the number of patients consulting, there was no increase in the rate of severe diseases (12.8% during LP3 vs. 11.1% during LP4), and the proportion of patients who were admitted was statistically similar (4.3% vs. 3.6%). Neuro-ophthalmic diseases were the most common during LP3 and LP4. Neovascular glaucoma was twice as common during post-LP4 (P = 0.08). We noted a significant increase in patients with graft rejection consulting in our OED during the post-LP4 (P < 0.001). These results were likely related to a delay in follow-up consultations due to the lockdown measures. Conclusion The reduction in the number of consultations in our OED during the lockdown period affected both minor emergencies and severe ophthalmic diseases, but with no significant delay in diagnosis. More longitudinal and longer study is needed to confirm this and to retrospectively analyze the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maalej
- Neuro-ophthalmology and Emergency department, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
| | - R Hage
- Neuro-ophthalmology and Emergency department, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - F Salviat
- Department of clinical research, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - C Vignal-Clermont
- Neuro-ophthalmology and Emergency department, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
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Guerra-Marrero A, Couce-Montero L, Jiménez-Alvarado D, Espino-Ruano A, Núñez-González R, Sarmiento-Lezcano A, Santana Del Pino Á, Castro JJ. Preliminary assessment of the impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in the small-scale and recreational fisheries of the Canary Islands. Mar Policy 2021; 133:104712. [PMID: 34608348 PMCID: PMC8479869 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic has affected worldwide in many different ways. Fisheries around the world are not an exception due to the long-term isolation and the non-activities period suffered. To do an evaluation of its impact on the fishing sectors in the Canary Islands, 87 online and phone questionnaires were carried out between July and September 2020, conducting the interviews to artisanal fishermen, fishmongers, recreational charter boats fishermen and tackle shops along the archipelago. Both, the artisanal and recreational fishing sectors have been affected by this pandemic, but in an unequal manner. The drop of the demand of fresh fishing products in the islands markets due to the closure of hotels, restaurants and other services, and the highly significant decreasing in the number of tourists, provoked an estimated income loss for the artisanal fishermen about the 40% on average, but the majority of vessels continued their activities during the pandemic, with very limited effects on direct employment. However, the fishmonger's activity apparently was not affected and increased their monthly income in relation to the previous year. Likewise, the infeasibility of fishing charter companies due to the great reduction in the number of tourists contrasted with the significant increase in the number of recreational fishing licenses immediately after the confinement ended. Even though that fishing tackle shops increased sales by over 60% in relation to the similar period of the year before, only 4.4% of these shops declared not to have had economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airam Guerra-Marrero
- Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf., Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lorena Couce-Montero
- Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf., Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Alvarado
- Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf., Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana Espino-Ruano
- Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf., Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Raibel Núñez-González
- Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf., Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Airam Sarmiento-Lezcano
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Campus de Taliarte, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Ángelo Santana Del Pino
- Department of Mathematic, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José J Castro
- Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf., Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Bergheul S, Carole C, Augustin E, Oscar L, Bedoya Mejía JP. [Predictors of student anxiety during the pandemic (COVID-19)]. Encephale 2021; 48:668-673. [PMID: 34802708 PMCID: PMC8531000 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a major health crisis and the quarantine of most of the planet's population. During confinement, anxiety symptoms may appear. The pandemic dramatically changes the lives of individuals by becoming a concrete manifestation of the threat. Constant exposure to information about the virus can increase anxiety, especially since the information may be erroneous or contradictory. This article examines the factors that predict student anxiety in the context of a pandemic. METHOD The quantitative study involves a sample of 445 students from the University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and several sociodemographic variables were tested. RESULTS The results demonstrated the effects of certain variables on anxiety, especially for women and non-binary people, were more marked than for men. Having dependent children has proven to be a protective factor. CONCLUSION The study suggests that this variability is now considered when proposing intervention measures in a containment context. The limitations and perspectives of the study are presented and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bergheul
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445, boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda (Québec) J9X 5E4, Québec, Canada.
| | - C Carole
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445, boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda (Québec) J9X 5E4, Québec, Canada
| | - E Augustin
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Drummondville (Québec) J2C 0R5, Québec, Canada
| | - L Oscar
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445, boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda (Québec) J9X 5E4, Québec, Canada
| | - J P Bedoya Mejía
- Centre intégré de santé et services sociaux de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 22, 1(re) avenue E, La Sarre, Québec J9Z 1C4, Québec, Canada
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Zebdi R, Plateau E, Delalandre A, Vanwalleghem S, Chahed M, Hentati Y, Chaudoye G, Moreau E, Lignier B. [CONFAMI study: Effects of home confinement during the COVID-19 epidemic on the lives of children and their families]. Encephale 2021; 48:647-652. [PMID: 34916077 PMCID: PMC8491935 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectifs L’objectif est de comprendre les changements au sein des familles durant le confinement motivé par la pandémie de la COVID-19 et explorer le vécu psychoaffectif des enfants et de leurs parents face à cette situation. Méthode Il s’agit d’une enquête en ligne anonyme avec méthodologie associant des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives. Les questions ciblaient plusieurs thèmes tels que le contexte de vie, le vécu émotionnel et les répercussions sur les habitudes quotidiennes chez les enfants et adolescents, tels que perçus par les parents. Résultats Au total, 439 parents ont répondu au questionnaire. Les familles sont globalement restées dans leur lieu de vie habituel et ont réussi à bien s’adapter. En moyenne, le niveau d’inquiétude des enfants (estimé par les parents) était moins élevé que celui que les parents s’attribuent. L’état psychologique des enfants et adolescents était globalement stable mais pour ceux qui ont vécu davantage d’émotions négatives que d’habitude, il s’agissait d’une augmentation de l’ennui, de l’irritabilité et de la colère. Une baisse de la qualité de sommeil a aussi été constatée par un tiers des répondants. En revanche, une progression de l’autonomie a été soulignée. Les parents ont aussi rapporté une amélioration des relations familiales, mais aux dépens des liens sociaux habituels induisant un sentiment de privation. Conclusion Malgré des émotions négatives ressenties chez certains enfants, le confinement a permis de développer de nouvelles ressources dans la plupart des familles. Certains facteurs rapportés, tels que le renforcement des liens, pourraient être des facteurs protecteurs et constituent de bonnes pistes dans les interventions à proposer aux enfants et leur famille.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zebdi
- UR CLIPSYD, laboratoire EvaCliPsy, université Paris Nanterre, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre cedex, France.
| | - E Plateau
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - A Delalandre
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - S Vanwalleghem
- UR CLIPSYD, laboratoire EvaCliPsy, université Paris Nanterre, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre cedex, France
| | - M Chahed
- Université Tunis El Manar, Département de Psychologie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Humaines de Tunis, 26, Avenue Darghouth Pacha, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Y Hentati
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur des Études Appliquées et Humanité, Cité Eddir, 7100 Le Kef, Tunisie
| | - G Chaudoye
- UR CLIPSYD, laboratoire A2P, université Paris Nanterre, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre cedex, France
| | - E Moreau
- Espace Jeunes Adultes, 29, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France
| | - B Lignier
- Laboratoire de psychologie : dynamiques relationnelles et processus identitaires (Psy-DREPI, EA 7458), université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Esplanade Erasme, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon cedex, France; CSAPA La Santoline, SEDAP, Société d'Entraide et d'Action Psychologique, Dijon, France
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Buchheim JI, Billaud JN, Feuerecker M, Strewe C, Dangoisse C, Osterman A, Mehta S, Crucian B, Schelling G, Choukér A. Exploratory RNA-seq analysis in healthy subjects reveals vulnerability to viral infections during a 12- month period of isolation and confinement. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 9:100145. [PMID: 34589891 PMCID: PMC8474453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressful environments weakens immunity evidenced by a detectable reactivation of dormant viruses. The mechanism behind this observation remains unclear. We performed next generation sequencing from RNA extracted from blood samples of 8 male subjects collected before, during and after a 12-month stay at the Antarctic station Concordia. RNA-seq data analysis was done using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Data revealed the inactivation of key immune functions such as chemotaxis and leukocyte recruitment which persisted after return. Next to the activation of the stress response eIF2 pathway, interferon signaling was predicted inactivated due to a downregulation of 14 downstream genes involved in antiviral immunity. Among them, the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) IFITM2 and 3 as well as IFIT3 exhibited the strongest fold changes and IFIT3 remained downregulated even after return. Impairment of antiviral immunity in winter-over crew can be explained by the downregulation of a battery of ISGs. Whole blood transcriptome analysis during 12-months of isolation in the Antarctic. Data show an inactivation of key immune functions and pathways without recovery. The IFN pathway is most affected showing a downregulation of 14 downstream genes. The results suggest impairment of antiviral immunity and vulnerability to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith-Irina Buchheim
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Feuerecker
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Strewe
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Carole Dangoisse
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Laconi S, Ramaye D, Kalaitzaki A. [Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison between residents of metropolitan France and of Reunion Island]. Encephale 2021; 47:413-419. [PMID: 33541714 PMCID: PMC7816580 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic raised a lot of anxiety around the world. France is composed of several overseas territories with major cultural differences but also with a different exposure to the COVID-19. Reunion Island is the most populated overseas French department, but few researches have focused on this population. Therefore, the main objective was to explore and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (perceived stress, risk and fear of being infected, severity, lockdown respect, perceived stress, quality of life, quality of relationship, loneliness, resilience) during the lockdown among residents of metropolitan France and of Reunion Island. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 347 participants, aged from 18 to 78 (M=37.90; DS=13.20) replied to a questionnaire posted online during the last ten days of the lockdown in France. The sample is divided into 227 metropolitans (M=38.24 DS=13.41; 13.2% of men) and 120 residents of Reunion Island (M=37.26; DS=12.81; 31.7% of men). Resilience, loneliness and perceived stress have been assessed using validating scales while specific items have been created to assess COVID-19 impacts. RESULTS The majority of the total sample has been little exposed to the COVID-19, but the estimated severity was high throughout the sample. Several significant differences have been observed between overseas and metropolitans. The latter, who were more exposed, were more respectful of lockdown measures and felt more concerned about being contaminated. They also had different professional activities (work at home, stop working) since the lockdown than did the overseas sample. Non-significant higher scores of resilience and quality of life during the lockdown contrast in the overseas sample, who estimated risk, fear and severity similarly. In correlational analyses, many relationships were significant only in one sample. For example, in metropolitans the higher the loneliness, the higher the severity. In the other sample, the higher the perceived stress, the higher the respect of lockdown measures, while more metropolitans felt lonely the more they respected these measures. Regressional analysis showed different predictive variables of the scores of perceived stress and fear of being contaminated. In metropolitans, stress was explained by COVID-19 related variables (fear, severity, respect), loneliness and negatively by resilience and quality of life while in the other sample it was explained by fear of being infected and negatively by resilience. Fear of being infected was explained by risk and stress in the overseas, but also by quality of life in the metropolitan sample. CONCLUSIONS This study brings new data on the important psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on two French samples. Observed differences highlight a higher fear of being infected among the metropolitans who were generally more exposed. Overseas from La Réunion did not feel more spared by this risk, despite the limited number of cases since the appearance of the first case in March 11th and the end of the lockdown in May 11th. Despite exposure, our results could be explained by several cultural differences such as way of life or beliefs. Overseas life in Reunion Island might bring more resilience and less loneliness given the particular familial, social and religious functioning. Given the limits of this study and the lack of similar comparisons, more work could highlight the protective factors of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laconi
- Laboratoire centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie et psychologie de la santé (CERPPS) EA 7411, Université Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, UFR de psychologie, Bureau M153, 5, allée Antonio-Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - D Ramaye
- Centre de recherche risques et vulnérabilités (CERREV) EA 3918, université de Caen Normandie, esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14302 Caen cedex, France
| | - A Kalaitzaki
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Enhancement of Quality of Life (Quality of Life Lab) of the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Grèce
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Wang X, Limpouchová Z, Procházka K, Liu Y, Min Y. Phase equilibria and conformational behavior of dendrimers in porous media: Towards chromatographic analysis of dendrimers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:830-839. [PMID: 34689112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The intricate entropy-enthalpy interplay of dendrimers confined in pores affects their conformation and retention in the porous stationary phase. This work aims at providing important insights into its impacts on partitioning and chromatographic separation in both size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and interaction chromatography (IC) regimes. SIMULATIONS Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we investigated the bulk-pore phase equilibria and the conformational behavior of flexible dendrimers differing in generation, in spacer length and in fraction of modified terminal groups interacting differently with pore walls than the majority building units. FINDINGS With increasing interaction strength, a distinct transition from a roughly spherical shape caused by simultaneous interactions with two walls to an ellipsoidal (or even disklike) conformation tenaciously adhering to only one wall was observed for moderately confined dendrimers. The strongly deformed dendrimers subjected to severe confinement gain high energy and the samples differing in the degree of modification become chromatographically discernable thanks to large energy differences. Consequently, our results suggest that the column fillings with fairly narrow pores which are ineffective in SEC, are highly efficient separation media for dendrimer studies by IC above the critical adsorption point (CAP). Overall, our simulations reveal useful information for advancing and optimizing experimental liquid chromatography studies of dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zuzana Limpouchová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Procházka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Yidong Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Martínez-González AE, Moreno-Amador B, Piqueras JA. Differences in emotional state and autistic symptoms before and during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Res Dev Disabil 2021; 116:104038. [PMID: 34293632 PMCID: PMC9758602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global crisis that has affected the emotional health of both the general and the clinical population. METHOD The present study aimed to analyze the differences between the emotional states of a group of individuals with ASD and a neurotypical group both during and after the COVID-19 confinement. The study also examined the changes in autistic symptoms between a group of individuals with ASD who were confined during the COVID-19 pandemic and another group of individuals with ASD who were studied prior to the COVID-19 pandemic period. RESULTS Higher levels of aggression, irritability, hyperactivity and impulsivity, lack of attention and anxiety, among other symptoms, were found in individuals with ASD during confinement when compared to healthy controls (p < .05; p < .01). Higher levels of repetitive, restrictive, and stereotyped behaviors were also found in pandemic-era ASD individuals when compared to the group of individuals with ASD who were assessed prior to the pandemic (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS the confinement is related to an increase in symptomatology and dysfunctional behaviours characteristic of ASD, and therefore it is necessary to implement actions that help to reduce this impact now, as well as in future crisis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín E Martínez-González
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Moreno-Amador
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Edificio Altamira, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n Elche, Alicante, 03202, Spain
| | - José A Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Edificio Altamira, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n Elche, Alicante, 03202, Spain
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Tardif-Grenier K, Archambault I, Dupéré V, Marks AK, Olivier E. Canadian Adolescents' Internalized Symptoms in Pandemic Times: Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Confinement Habits, and Support. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1309-1325. [PMID: 33768414 PMCID: PMC7993855 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of increased risk for developing symptoms of anxiety and depression, especially for girls. The stress and social isolation experienced during confinement add new threats to already vulnerable adolescents' daily lives. This study is aimed at determining which sociodemographic characteristics (age, family composition, achievement), confinement habits (schedule, new hobby, sleep duration, cellphone and computer use, sports, schoolwork), and sources of support (parents and teachers) are associated with more or less internalized symptoms in Canadian adolescents. Differences between boys and girls are also investigated. Between April 8 and 30 (2020) and through an online survey, 895 Canadian adolescents (74% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.7) were recruited. Path analysis was performed to identify significant associations between sociodemographic characteristics, confinement habits, support variables, and internalized symptoms. Independent samples t-tests and invariance tests were conducted to compare boys and girls. Results suggest that certain confinement habits (time spent using cellphones, doing sports and schoolwork, finding a new hobby) and support variables (parents working outside the home) were significantly and negatively associated with internalized symptoms. Regarding the sex differences, girls used their cellphones more and invariance test results showed that all associations between predictors and symptoms were statistically similar for boys and girls. This study's results help understand better adolescents' experience in confinement. It sheds light on the habits likely to characterize those who are less at risk of experiencing distress, making it possible to better support adolescents during this challenging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Tardif-Grenier
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, Saint-Joseph street, Saint-Jerome, QC J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Isabelle Archambault
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d’Indy street, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Véronique Dupéré
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d’Indy street, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Amy K. Marks
- Suffolk University, 73 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02108 USA
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8 Canada
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Ribeiro AI, Triguero-Mas M, Jardim Santos C, Gómez-Nieto A, Cole H, Anguelovski I, Silva FM, Baró F. Exposure to nature and mental health outcomes during COVID-19 lockdown. A comparison between Portugal and Spain. Environ Int 2021; 154:106664. [PMID: 34082237 PMCID: PMC8162907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, countries around the world implemented lockdowns with varying intensities. Lockdowns, however, have been associated with a deterioration of mental health, including post-traumatic stress symptoms, anger and anxiety. Exposure to nature might reduce stress and provide relaxation opportunities. OBJECTIVE Firstly, we aimed to determine which sociodemographic, housing and lockdown-related characteristics were associated with changes in exposure to nature during the COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal and Spain. Secondly, we sought to estimate the associations of these changes with mental health, and test whether these associations differed according to sociodemographic characteristics and between the two countries, which experienced different restrictions and epidemiological situations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 27 and May 6, 2020, using an online questionnaire to measure changes in exposure to nature (including private green space and other greenery, views of nature from home and public natural spaces); sociodemographic, housing and lockdown-related characteristics; stress levels (visual stress scale); psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire - 12 items) and somatization (somatization scale). Adjusted regression models were fitted to estimate associations. RESULTS This study included 3157 participants (1638 from Portugal, 1519 from Spain). In Portugal, maintaining/increasing the use of public natural spaces during the lockdown was associated with lower levels of stress (adjusted beta -0.29; 95%CI -0.49, -0.08) and maintaining/increasing the frequency of viewing nature from home was associated with reduced psychological distress (0.27; -0.51, -0.03), somatization (-0.79; -1.39, -0.20), and stress levels (-0.48; -0.74, -0.23). In Spain, maintaining/increasing contact with private green space and greenery was associated with lower stress levels: for contact with indoor plants (-0.52; -0.96, -0.07) and for use of private community green spaces (-0.82; -1.61, -0.03). CONCLUSION Exposure to nature was associated with better mental health outcomes during lockdowns, but the natural features associated with improved mental health differed between the two countries. Nature should be incorporated into urban planning interventions and housing design and exposure to nature should be promoted during lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Mariana Arcaya's research lab, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cláudia Jardim Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Helen Cole
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Anguelovski
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filipa Martins Silva
- Departamento Pedopsiquiatria e Saúde Mental da Infância e da Adolescência do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesc Baró
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Geography Department, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Sociology Department, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Atomic clusters lie somewhere in between isolated atoms and extended solids with distinctly different reactivity patterns. They are known to be useful as catalysts facilitating several reactions of industrial importance. Various machine learning based techniques have been adopted in generating their global minimum energy structures. Bond-stretch isomerism, aromatic stabilization, Rener-Teller effect, improved superhalogen/superalkali properties, and electride characteristics are some of the hallmarks of these clusters. Different all-metal and nonmetal clusters exhibit a variety of aromatic characteristics. Some of these clusters are dynamically stable as exemplified through their fluxional behavior. Several of these cluster cavitands are found to be agents for effective confinement. The confined media cause drastic changes in bonding, reactivity, and other properties, for example, bonding between two noble gas atoms, and remarkable acceleration in the rate of a chemical reaction under confinement. They have potential to be good hydrogen storage materials and also to activate small molecules for various purposes. Many atomic clusters show exceptional opto-electronic, magnetic, and nonlinear optical properties. In this Review article, we intend to highlight all these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Arpita Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Liu Y, Li Q, Wang K, He R, Dai Z, Zhang H, Liu C, Ma Q, Yuan Y, Yang C, Li Y, Zhang H. Effects of long-term fasting and confinement on the cardiovascular activity. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:1901-15. [PMID: 34370188 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fasting has been demonstrated to improve health and slow aging in human and other species; however, its impact on the human body in the confined environment is still unclear. This work studies the effects of long-term fasting and confined environment on the cardiovascular activities of human via a 10-day fasting experiment with two groups of subjects being in confined (6 subjects) and unconfined (7 subjects) environments respectively and undergoing the same four-stage fasting/feeding process. It is found that the confinement has significant influences on the autonomic regulation to the heart rate during the fasting process by altering the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is manifested by the significant higher pNN50, rMSSD, and Ln-HF of heart rate variability (HRV) (p < 0.05) and slower heart rate (p < 0.01) in the confined group than that in the unconfined group. Furthermore, the long-term fasting induces a series of changes in both groups, including reduced level of serum sodium (p < 0.01), increased the serum calcium (p < 0.05), prolonged QTc intervals (p < 0.05), and reduced systolic blood pressures (p < 0.05). These effects are potentially negative to human health and therefore need to be treated with caution. Study of the effects of fasting and confinement on the cardiovascular activities.
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Abstract
The worldwide outbreak of CoronaVirus Disease appeared in 2019 (COVID-19) has forced millions of people into social isolation. Past research has documented negative psychological effects of self-isolation during health crises, in terms of stress, anger or depressive symptoms, but overall ignored psychotic symptoms and cognitive problems. The present study (n = 211) examined the relationship between the conditions of self-isolation - that is, duration, living space, frequency of social interactions - and psychotic symptoms and cognitive problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. The frequency of both psychotic symptoms and cognitive problems was associated with time since last conversation, with time since the person last left home and with smaller living space. Participants who reported an increase of psychotic symptoms and cognitive problems during the period of the pandemic also showed higher levels of symptoms. Although social isolation is an effective method for preventing the COVID-19 from spreading, for some individuals it is associated with an increased risk of developing psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa C Allé
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Dorthe Berntsen
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Gil-Díaz T, Jara-Heredia D, Heberling F, Lützenkirchen J, Link J, Sowoidnich T, Ludwig HM, Haist M, Schäfer T. Charge regulated solid-liquid interfaces interacting on the nanoscale: Benchmarking of a generalized speciation code (SINFONIA). Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102469. [PMID: 34252719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry of mineral phases in aqueous environments generates the electrostatic forces involved in particle-particle interactions. However, few models directly take into account the influence of surface speciation and changes in solution speciation when the diffuse layer potential profiles of approaching particles overlap and affect each other. These electrostatic interactions can be quantified, ideally, through charge regulation, considering solution and surface speciation changes upon particle approach by coupling state-of-the-art surface complexation models for the two particle surfaces with a Poisson-Boltzmann type distribution of electrostatic potential and ions in the inter-particle space. These models greatly improve the accuracy of inter-particle force calculations at small inter-particle separations compared to constant charge and constant potential approaches. This work aims at advancing charge regulation calculations by including full chemical speciation and advanced surface complexation models (Basic Stern-, three-, or four plane models and charge distribution concepts), for cases of similar and dissimilar surfaces involving the numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for arbitrary electrolytes. The concept was implemented as a Python-based code and in COMSOL. The flexibility and precision of both, concept and implementations are demonstrated in several benchmark calculations testing the new codes against published results or simulations using established speciation codes, including aqueous speciation, surface complexation and various interaction force examples. Due to the flexibility in terms of aqueous chemistry and surface complexation models for various geometries, a large variety of potential applications can be tackled with the developed codes including industrial, biological, and environmental systems, from colloidal suspensions to gas bubbles, emulsions, slurries like cement paste, as well as new possibilities to assess the chemistry in nano-confined systems.
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Mignucci A, Bourjea J, Forget F, Allal H, Dutto G, Gasset E, McKenzie DJ. Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free-swimming gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271040. [PMID: 34308993 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (fH) required 60 h to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21°C), mean fH was always significantly lower in the tank than in the respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100% to 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than in the respirometers at oxygen levels down to 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this level. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VARm), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31°C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fish will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fish in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mignucci
- MARBEC, Université de Montpelier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34200 Sète, France
| | - Jérôme Bourjea
- MARBEC, Université de Montpelier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34200 Sète, France
| | - Fabien Forget
- MARBEC, Université de Montpelier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34200 Sète, France
| | - Hossein Allal
- CHU de Montpellier, Service Chirurgie Pédiatrique, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilbert Dutto
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34250, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Eric Gasset
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34250, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34095 Montpellier, France
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91
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Charvillat O, Plancq MC, Haraux E, Gouron R, Klein C. Epidemiological analysis of burn injuries in children during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and a comparison with the previous five years. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2021; 66:285-290. [PMID: 34229909 PMCID: PMC8254538 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Child burns rank among the most frequent domestic accidents in France. COVID-19 lockdown between March 16th and May 11th of 2020 increased time spent at home by children. Material This retrospective, observational study described the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child burns in a pediatric surgery department compared with previous five years. Child burns in the previous five years constituted the “before COVID-19 group” as the reference group. Child burns during the first lockdown formed the “COVID-19 group”. Demographics characteristics, the delay before first attendance at the surgery department, burns characteristics, the place of the incident, need of skin graft, and child reactions to trauma or isolation were recorded for these two groups. Results A total of thirty-seven children were included, 16 of them in the COVID-19 group. In the COVID-19 group, burned children were mainly boys, with a median age of 18 months. The median time before first attendance was four days. Main burns characteristics were to be deep partial thickness burns, involved lower limbs, caused by scalding. All burns occurred at home. Half parents reported child reactions to trauma or isolation among their children before burn injury. Conclusion The incidence of child burn injuries in the COVID-19 group was higher compared to the before COVID-19 group, but no increased delay to attendance recorded. Time spent at home and psychosocial impact of lockdown might partially explain this high incidence rate of child burns. Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Charvillat
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - M-C Plancq
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - E Haraux
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - R Gouron
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - C Klein
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France.
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Courel-Ibáñez J, Buendía-Romero Á, Pallarés JG, García-Conesa S, Martínez-Cava A, Izquierdo M. Impact of Tailored Multicomponent Exercise for Prevent Weakness and Falls on Nursing Home Residents' Functional Capacity. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:98-104.e3. [PMID: 34197791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether the benefits of long (24 weeks) and short (4 weeks) training programs persisted after short (6 weeks) and long (14 weeks) periods of inactivity in older adult nursing home residents with sarcopenia. DESIGN Multicenter randomized trial. INTERVENTION The Vivifrail tailored, multicomponent exercise program (http://vivifrail.com) was conducted to individually prescribe exercise for frail older adults, depending on their functional capacity. The training included 4 levels combining strength and power, balance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance exercises. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four institutionalized older adults (87.1 ± 7.1 years, 58.3% women) diagnosed with sarcopenia were allocated into 2 groups: the Long Training-Short Detraining (LT-SD) group completed 24 weeks of supervised Vivifrail training followed by 6 weeks of detraining; the Short Training-Long Detraining (ST-LD) group completed 4 weeks of training and 14 weeks of detraining. MEASURES Changes in functional capacity and strength were evaluated at baseline, and after short and long training and detraining periods. RESULTS Benefits after short and long exercise interventions persisted when compared with baseline. Vivifrail training was highly effective in the short term (4 weeks) in increasing functional and strength performance (effect size = 0.32-1.44, P < .044) with the exception of handgrip strength. Continued training during 24 weeks produced 10% to 20% additional improvements (P < .036). Frailty status was reversed in 36% of participants, with 59% achieving high self-autonomy. Detraining resulted in a 10% to 25% loss of strength and functional capacity even after 24 weeks of training (effects size = 0.24-0.92, P < .039). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intermittent strategies such as 4 weeks of supervised exercise 3 times yearly with no more than 14 weeks of inactivity between exercise periods appears as an efficient solution to the global challenge of maintaining functional capacity and can even reverse frailty in vulnerable institutionalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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93
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López-Rodríguez-Arias F, Sánchez-Guillén L, Aranaz-Ostáriz V, Triguero-Cánovas D, Lario-Pérez S, Barber-Valles X, Lacueva FJ, Ramirez JM, Arroyo A. Effect of home-based prehabilitation in an enhanced recovery after surgery program for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:7785-7791. [PMID: 34169328 PMCID: PMC8225311 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgery remains the first curative treatment for colorectal cancer. Prehabilitation seems to attenuate the loss of lean mass in the early postoperative period. However, its long-term role has not been studied. Lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced to carry out the prehabilitation program at home. This study aimed to assess the effect of home prehabilitation on body composition, complications, and hospital stay in patients undergoing oncological colorectal surgery. Methods A prospective and randomized clinical study was conducted in 20 patients operated of colorectal cancer during COVID-19 lockdown (13 March to 21 June 2020) in a single university clinical hospital. Patients were randomized into two study groups (10 per group): prehabilitation vs standard care. Changes in lean mass and fat mass at 45 and 90 days after surgery were measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results Prehabilitation managed to reduce hospital stay (4.8 vs 7.2 days, p = 0.052) and postoperative complications (20% vs 50%, p = 0.16). Forty-five days after surgery, the loss of lean mass decreased (1.7% vs 7.1%, p = 0.17). These differences in lean mass were attenuated at 90 days; however, the standard care group increased considerably their fat mass compared to the prehabilitation group (+ 8.72% vs − 8.16%). Conclusions Home prehabilitation has proven its effectiveness, achieving an attenuation of lean mass loss in the early postoperative period and a lower gain in fat mass in the late postoperative period. In addition, it has managed to reduce hospital stays and postoperative complications. Registration number This article is part of an ongoing, randomized, and controlled clinical trial approved by the ethics committee of our hospital and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov in August 2018 with registration number NCT03618329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez-Guillén
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - Verónica Aranaz-Ostáriz
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - Daniel Triguero-Cánovas
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - Sandra Lario-Pérez
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - Xavier Barber-Valles
- Center for Operations Research, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - Francisco J. Lacueva
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - José M. Ramirez
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Miguel Hernández University, Carrer Almasara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante Spain
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Cantero C, Pasquina P, Dao MD, Cedraschi C, Adler D, Plojoux J, Janssens JP. Impact of Confinement in Patients under Long-Term Noninvasive Ventilation during the First Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Remarkable Resilience. Respiration 2021; 100:909-917. [PMID: 34130277 PMCID: PMC8339039 DOI: 10.1159/000516327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland, confinement was imposed to limit transmission and protect vulnerable persons. These measures may have had a negative impact on perceived quality of care and symptoms in patients with chronic disorders. Objectives To determine whether patients under long-term home noninvasive ventilation (LTHNIV) for chronic respiratory failure (CRF) were negatively affected by the 56-day confinement (March–April 2020). Methods A questionnaire-based survey exploring mood disturbances (HAD), symptom scores related to NIV (S<sup>3</sup>-NIV), and perception of health-care providers during confinement was sent to all patients under LTHNIV followed up by our center. Symptom scores and data obtained by ventilator software were compared between confinement and the 56 days prior to confinement. Results Of a total of 100 eligible patients, 66 were included (median age: 66 years [IQR: 53–74]): 35 (53%) with restrictive lung disorders, 20 (30%) with OHS or SRBD, and 11 (17%) with COPD or overlap syndrome. Prevalence of anxiety (n = 7; 11%) and depressive (n = 2; 3%) disorders was remarkably low. Symptom scores were slightly higher during confinement although this difference was not clinically relevant. Technical data regarding ventilation, including compliance, did not change. Patients complained of isolation and lack of social contact. They felt supported by their relatives and caregivers but complained of the lack of regular contact and information by health-care professionals. Conclusions Patients under LTHNIV for CRF showed a remarkable resilience during the SARS-CoV-2 confinement period. Comments provided may be helpful for managing similar future health-care crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Cantero
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Pasquina
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Dominicé Dao
- Division of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Cedraschi
- Division of General Medical Rehabilitation and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Adler
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Plojoux
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Janssens
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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95
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Monge S, Zamalloa PL, Moros MJS, Olaso OP, Miguel LGS, Varela C, Ariza SR, Torres MCV, Lucerón MDCO, Yuste PG, Crespo PS, Pozo JSD, Gullón P, Carrasco JM, Sánchez EVM, Bravo LR, Castañeda MP, Hermida MJP, Vidal XH, Gonzalez IH, Margolles M, Luna HV, Gómara ER, Martín JJP, López MDC, Fernández MJL, Lorusso N, Ubago AC, Perez AR, Marin VR, Alvarez JJC, Pérez DC, Anés AAG, Frontera M, Rodriguez PM, León EEÁ, Casañas MD, Perez MAL, Ágreda JPAPD, Gutierrez PN, Aguilar IR, Axpe JMA, Carril FG, Azcárraga PA, Soria FS, Rodríguez BS. Lifting COVID-19 mitigation measures in Spain (May-June 2020). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 41:S0213-005X(21)00195-6. [PMID: 34274154 PMCID: PMC9791371 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures. METHODS The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC. RESULTS The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%. CONCLUSION Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Varela
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Gullón
- APLICA Investigación y Traslación Soc Coop Mad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xurxo Hervada Vidal
- General Directorate of Public Health, Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Mario Margolles
- General Directorate of Public Health, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ramalle Gómara
- General Directorate of Public Health, Consumption and Care, Autonomous Community of La Rioja, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Lorusso
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona Ubago
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Criado Alvarez
- Health Sciences Institute of Castile-La Mancha, Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio A Góméz Anés
- General Directorate of Public Health and Consumption, Autonomous City of Melilla, Spain
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Mouarrawis V, Bobylev EO, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. A Novel M 8 L 6 Cubic Cage That Binds Tetrapyridyl Porphyrins: Cage and Solvent Effects in Cobalt-Porphyrin-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:8390-8397. [PMID: 33780040 PMCID: PMC8252039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Confinement of a catalyst can have a significant impact on catalytic performance and can lead to otherwise difficult to achieve catalyst properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel caged catalyst system Co-G@Fe8 (Zn-L ⋅ 1)6 , which is soluble in both polar and apolar solvents without the necessity of any post-functionalization. This is a rare example of a metal-coordination cage able to bind catalytically active porphyrins that is soluble in solvents spanning a wide variety of polarity. This system was used to investigate the combined effects of the solvent and the cage on the catalytic performance in the cobalt catalyzed cyclopropanation of styrene, which involves radical intermediates. Kinetic studies show that DMF has a protective influence on the catalyst, slowing down deactivation of both [Co(TPP)] and Co-G@Fe8 (Zn-L ⋅ 1)6 , leading to higher TONs in this solvent. Moreover, DFT studies on the [Co(TPP)] catalyst show that the rate determining energy barrier of this radical-type transformation is not influenced by the coordination of DMF. As such, the increased TONs obtained experimentally stem from the stabilizing effect of DMF and are not due to an intrinsic higher activity caused by axial ligand binding to the cobalt center ([Co(TPP)(L)]). Remarkably, encapsulation of Co-G led to a three times more active catalyst than [Co(TPP)] (TOFini ) and a substantially increased TON compared to both [Co(TPP)] and free Co-G. The increased local concentration of the substrates in the hydrophobic cage compared to the bulk explains the observed higher catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinos Mouarrawis
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Group, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Group, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Group, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Group, Van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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97
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Koschate J, Drescher U, Hoffmann U. Confinement, partial sleep deprivation and defined physical activity-influence on cardiorespiratory regulation and capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2521-2530. [PMID: 34080066 PMCID: PMC8357778 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adequate cardiorespiratory fitness is of utmost importance during spaceflight and should be assessable via moderate work rate intensities, e.g., using kinetics parameters. The combination of restricted sleep, and defined physical exercise during a 45-day simulated space mission is expected to slow heart rate (HR) kinetics without changes in oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics. METHODS Overall, 14 crew members (9 males, 5 females, 37 ± 7 yrs, 23.4 ± 3.5 kg m-2) simulated a 45-d-mission to an asteroid. During the mission, the sleep schedule included 5 nights of 5 h and 2 nights of 8 h sleep. The crew members were tested on a cycle ergometer, using pseudo-random binary sequences, changing between 30 and 80 W on day 8 before (MD-8), day 22 (MD22) and 42 (MD42) after the beginning and day 4 (MD + 4) following the end of the mission. Kinetics information was assessed using the maxima of cross-correlation functions (CCFmax). Higher CCFmax indicates faster responses. RESULTS CCFmax(HR) was significantly (p = 0.008) slower at MD-8 (0.30 ± 0.06) compared with MD22 (0.36 ± 0.06), MD42 (0.38 ± 0.06) and MD + 4 (0.35 ± 0.06). Mean HR values during the different work rate steps were higher at MD-8 and MD + 4 compared to MD22 and MD42 (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION The physical training during the mission accelerated HR kinetics, but had no impact on mean HR values post mission. Thus, HR kinetics seem to be sensitive to changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and may be a valuable parameter to monitor fitness. Kinetics and capacities adapt independently in response to confinement in combination with defined physical activity and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Koschate
- Geriatric Medicine, Department for Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 140, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Drescher
- German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Hoffmann
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, Exercise Physiology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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98
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Ragen DL, Butler MR, Boles JA, Layton WA, Craig TM, Hatfield PG. Evaluating the effects of finishing diet and feeding location on sheep performance, carcass characteristics, and internal parasites. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:545-562. [PMID: 34189504 PMCID: PMC8203997 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A 3 yr experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of diet and feeding
location on animal performance, carcass characteristics, whole blood counts, and
internal parasite burden of lambs assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) confinement
fed 71% alfalfa, 18% barley pellet, 5% molasses, 0.013% Bovatec, 6.1%
vitamin/mineral package diet (CALF), 2) confinement fed 60% barley, 26% alfalfa
pellet, 4% molasses, 2.5% soybean-hi pro, 0.016% Bovatec, 7.4% vitamin/mineral
package diet (CBAR), 3) field fed 71% alfalfa, 18% barley pellet, 5% molasses,
0.013% Bovatec, 6.1% vitamin/mineral package diet (FALF), and 4) field fed 60%
barley, 26% alfalfa pellet, 4% molasses, 2.5% soybean-hi pro, 0.016% Bovatec,
7.4% vitamin/mineral package diet (FBAR). A year × location interaction
was detected for ending body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and dry
matter intake (DMI); therefore results are presented by year. In all years, cost
of gain and DMI were greater for CALF and FALF than for CBAR and FBAR feed
treatments (p ≤ 0.03). In yr 2 and 3 field treatments
had greater ending BW and ADG than confinement treatments. For all years, diet
did not affect ending BW or ADG. In yr 1 dressing percent and rib eye area were
greater for field finished lambs than confinement finished (p
≤ 0.02) and Warner-Bratzler shear force was greater for CALF and FALF
(p = 0.03). In yr 2 lambs in FALF and FBAR treatments had
greater leg scores and conformation than CALF and CBAR (p =
0.09). In yr 1, FALF had a greater small intestine total worm count than all
other treatments. In yr 1, ending Trichostrongyle type egg counts were greater
for FALF (p = 0.05). In yr 2, ending Nematodirus spp. egg
counts were greater for FALF and lowest for CBAR (p <
0.01). Abomasum Teladorsagia circumcinta worm burden was greater in CALF than
all other treatments (p = 0.07) in yr 2. While field finishing
lambs with a grain- or forage-based diet we conclude that it is possible to
produce a quality lamb product without adverse effects to animal performance,
carcass quality or increasing parasite burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Ragen
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Molly R Butler
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jane A Boles
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Craig
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Patrick G Hatfield
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Laghi A, Ongaro C, Moliterni E, Malvindi S, Roberti V, Iacovino C, Miraglia E, Giustini S. Mite bites, comet signs and possible mammary prosthesis rejection after returning to a vacation home: a diagnostic challenge. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 42:102077. [PMID: 33962038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyemotes ventricosus is a free-living mite feeding on larvae or nymphs of insects, including moths, beetles, wasps and bees, that are usually found in grain, straw and firewood. When present in great number or when its food is lacking, it could accidentally bite mammals, including humans, causing a highly pruritic self-limiting dermatitis, sometimes followed by a lymphangitis known as "comet sign".We present a singular case of mite lymphangitis that surrounds and delimitates breast prosthesis in a 30-year-old Caucasian woman. Other bite in the lower abdomen did not present comet sign. The patient got the infestation in her vacation home in the South of Italy, uninhabited for 10 months since COVID-19 confinement. We hypothesize that the previous surgery made the lymphatic vessels more prone to inflammation and we compare other insect bites that can occur vacationing in a long period uninhabited room.A delayed diagnosis of comet sign implies a retarded fumigation allowing new mite bites and, in this case, extends the patient's preoccupation about the prosthesis rejection.
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100
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Shahamirian M, Azami SM. Strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in confined amino acids. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 106:107913. [PMID: 33892298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is evaluated in three different amino acids encapsulated in C60 fullerene in the context of electron density analysis. While conventional intramolecular hydrogen bonding in isolated amino acids are dominated by electrostatic character, it is shown that strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding can be formed in confined amino acids so that in two cases covalent intramolecular hydrogen bonding is appeared in the confined species. Also, results show that zwitterionic amino acids are stable in confined state, where no implicit or explicit solvation is applied. Covalent character for intramolecular hydrogen bonding in amino acids have not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahamirian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, 73451-173, Iran.
| | - S M Azami
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74934, Iran
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