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Kang CW, Kim H, Shin K, Ryu J, Jung-Choi K, Lim KH, Kim JH. Toxic Effects of Methanol among Illegally Dispatched Workers at Aluminum CNC Cutting Process in Small-Scale, Third-Tier Subcontractor Factories of Smartphone Manufacturers in the Republic of Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15071332. [PMID: 29941839 PMCID: PMC6068479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of occupational methanol poisoning occurred in small-scale, third-tier factories of large-scale smartphone manufacturers in the Republic of Korea in 2016. To investigate the working environment and the health effects of methanol exposure among co-workers in the methanol poisoning cases, we performed a cross-sectional study on 155 workers at five aluminum Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) cutting factories. Gas chromatography measured air and urinary methanol concentration. In the medical examination, symptom surveys, ophthalmological examinations, and neurobehavioral tests were done. Multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for age and sex were conducted to reveal the association of employment duration with symptoms. Air concentrations of methanol in factory A and E ranged from 228.5 to 2220.0 ppm. Mean urinary methanol concentrations of the workers in each factory were from 3.5 mg/L up to 91.2 mg/L. The odds ratios for symptoms of deteriorating vision and central nervous system (CNS) increased according to the employment duration after adjusting for age and sex. Four cases with an injured optic nerve and two cases with decreased neurobehavioral function were founded among co-workers of the victims. This study showed that the methanol exposure under poor environmental control not only produces eye and CNS symptoms but also affects neurobehavioral function and the optic nerve. The role of subcontracting production and dispatched work under poor environmental control was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Won Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Kyongsok Shin
- Center for Bio-Environmental Science, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Korea.
| | - Jia Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Jung-Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Key Hwan Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ha Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
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52
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Qu X, Hu M, Shang Y, Pan L, Jia P, Fu C, Liu Q, Wang Y. Liver Transcriptome and miRNA Analysis of Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Intraperitoneally Injected With Microcystin-LR. Front Physiol 2018; 9:381. [PMID: 29692738 PMCID: PMC5902739 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the effects of toxic microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Silver carps were intraperitoneally injected with MC-LR, and RNA-seq and miRNA-seq in the liver were analyzed at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 h. The expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST), which acts as a marker gene for MC-LR, was tested to determine the earliest time point at which GST transcription was initiated in the liver tissues of the MC-LR-treated silver carps. Hepatic RNA-seq/miRNA-seq analysis and data integration analysis were conducted with reference to the identified time point. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of the following genes at the three time points: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), interleukin-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and heme binding protein 2 (HBP2). Results showed that the liver GST expression was remarkably decreased at 0.25 h (P < 0.05). RNA-seq at this time point revealed that the liver tissue contained 97,505 unigenes, including 184 significantly different unigenes and 75 unknown genes. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis suggested that 35 of the 145 enriched GO terms were significantly enriched and mainly related to the immune system regulation network. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 18 of the 189 pathways were significantly enriched, and the most significant was a ribosome pathway containing 77 differentially expressed genes. miRNA-seq analysis indicated that the longest miRNA had 22 nucleotides (nt), followed by 21 and 23 nt. A total of 286 known miRNAs, 332 known miRNA precursor sequences, and 438 new miRNAs were predicted. A total of 1,048,575 mRNA–miRNA interaction sites were obtained, and 21,252 and 21,241 target genes were respectively predicted in known and new miRNAs. qPCR revealed that HO-1, IL-10R1, apoA-I, and HBP2 were significantly differentially expressed and might play important roles in the toxicity and liver detoxification of MC-LR in fish. These results were consistent with those of high-throughput sequencing, thereby verifying the accuracy of our sequencing data. RNA-seq and miRNA-seq analyses of silver carp liver injected with MC-LR provided valuable and new insights into the toxic effects of MC-LR and the antitoxic mechanisms of MC-LR in fish. The RNA/miRNA data are available from the NCBI database Registration No. : SRP075165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Qu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Pan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixuan Jia
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Fu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qigen Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Youji Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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53
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Gao X, Hu J, Zhang X, Zuo Y, Wang Y, Zhu S. Research progress of aconitine toxicity and forensic analysis of aconitine poisoning. Forensic Sci Res 2018; 5:25-31. [PMID: 32490307 PMCID: PMC7241456 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1452346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines have been extensively used in China and other countries for centuries. Aconitine, a diterpenoid alkaloid extracted from Aconitum plants, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, but can also induce severe arrhythmia and neurotoxicity. Aconitine poisoning accidents caused by misuse, suicide, or homicide have been reported in recent years. In China, fatal aconitine poisoning can occasionally happen on account of accidental ingestion of some wild plants or consumption of herbal decoction made from the roots of Aconitum plants. However, it is rather difficult for forensic experts to find the specific results in present forensic autopsy of aconitine-induced death. To further clarify its potential risk following the widespread application of aconitine, toxicological characteristics and pharmacokinetics of aconitine are reviewed. Moreover, gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms were observed frequently in aconitine poisoning cases. In addition, the review also aims at providing some convincing evidences for forensic experts to identify unexplained death with postmortem examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Laboratory of Biomedical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Xincai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyi Zuo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Forensic Sciences, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Faa G, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Lachowicz JI, Nurchi VM. Gold - Old Drug with New Potentials. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:75-84. [PMID: 28359231 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170330091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into gold-based drugs for a range of human diseases has seen a revival in recent years. This article reviews the most important applications of gold products in different fields of human pathology. Au(I) and Au(III) compounds have been re-introduced in clinical practice for targeting the cellular components involved in the onset and progression of viral and parasitic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. RESULTS After some brief historical notes, this article takes into account the applications of gold compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and also in tuberculosis and in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. The use of gold containing drugs in the cure of cancer are then considered, with special emphasis to the use of nanoparticles and to the photo-thermal cancer therapy. The use of colloidal gold in diagnostics, introduced in the last decade is widely discussed. As a last point a survey on the adverse effects and on the toxicity of the various gold derivatives in use in medicine is presented. CONCLUSION In this review, we described the surprisingly broad spectrum of possible uses of gold in diagnostics and in therapeutic approaches to multiple human diseases, ranging from degenerative to infectious diseases, and to cancer. In particular, gold nanoparticles appear as attractive elements in modern clinical medicine, combining high therapeutic properties, high selectivity in targeting cancer cells and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Anatomia Patologica, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 46, I- 09124 Cagliari. Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Anatomia Patologica, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 46, I- 09124 Cagliari. Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Anatomia Patologica, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 46, I- 09124 Cagliari. Italy
| | - Joanna I Lachowicz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Cagliari. Italy
| | - Valeria M Nurchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Cagliari. Italy
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55
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Liang ZJ, Wu QP, Chen BT, Lin ZL, Lin J, Chen SQ. Postnatal hyperoxia or DEHP exposure leads to growth restriction and delayed lung development in newborn rats. Pediatr Neonatol 2018; 59:24-30. [PMID: 28576411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used as a plasticizer in many medical devices. We previously showed that maternal DEHP exposure led to restricted growth and delayed lung maturation in newborn rats. As oxygen toxicity continues to be a major risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of hyperoxia, DEHP or DEHP combined with hyperoxia on the growth and lung maturation of newborn rats. METHODS Newborn rats received DEHP injection, hyperoxia exposure or DEHP injection combined with hyperoxia exposure for one week or two weeks. A control group received an equal volume of vehicle and was maintained in room air. RESULTS Hyperoxia and hyperoxia + DEHP exposure for one week led to growth failure in newborn rats. Pups in the hyperoxia group showed catch-up growth after being maintained in room air for an additional 7 days but this was not the case with the latter group, which continued to receive DEHP. Hyperoxia and DEHP both delayed lung development, as evidenced by decreased radial alveolar count. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that hyperoxia decreased the transcripts of VEGF, VEGFR-2 and eNOS on days 7 and 14, and DEHP exposure alone also led to decreased expression of VEGF gene in 14-day-old rat pups. CONCLUSION Postnatal hyperoxia and/or DEHP exposure lead to growth restriction and delayed lung alveolar development. The VEGF gene expression was altered and may be involved as one of the possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jie Liang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Wu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei-Tao Chen
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Shang-Qin Chen
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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56
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Prosperini A, Berrada H, Ruiz MJ, Caloni F, Coccini T, Spicer LJ, Perego MC, Lafranconi A. A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B. Front Public Health 2017; 5:304. [PMID: 29201864 PMCID: PMC5697211 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a secondary metabolism product by Fusarium fungi. It is a well-known antibacterial, antihelmintic, antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal compound. It has been found as a contaminant in several food commodities, particularly in cereal grains, co-occurring also with other mycotoxins. The primary mechanism of action of ENN B is mainly due to its ionophoric characteristics, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In the last two decades, it has been a topic of great interest since its potent mammalian cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in several mammalian cell lines. Moreover, the co-exposure in vitro with other mycotoxins enhances its toxic potential through synergic effects, depending on the concentrations tested. Despite its clear cytotoxic effect, European Food Safety Authority stated that acute exposure to ENNs, such as ENN B, does not indicate concern for human health, but a concern might be the chronic exposure. However, given the lack of relevant toxicity data, no firm conclusion could be drawn and a risk assessment was not possible. In fact, very few studies have been carried out in vivo and, in these studies, no adverse effects were observed. So, research on toxicological effects induced by ENN B is still on-going. Recently, some studies are dealing with new advances regarding ENN B. This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of ENN B, focusing on toxicological aspects and on the latest advances in research on ENN B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prosperini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Houda Berrada
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes SpA-BS, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Maria Chiara Perego
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulla Sanità Pubblica (CESP), Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of International Health, FHML, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Abstract
Labeling of aerosol particles with a radioactive, magnetic, or optical tracer has been employed to confirm particle localization in cell compartments, which has provided useful evidence for correlating toxic effects of inhaled particles. However, labeling requires several physicochemical steps to identify functionalities of the inner or outer surfaces of particles, and moreover, these steps can cause changes in size, surface charge, and bioactivity of the particles, resulting in misinterpretations regarding their toxic effects. This study addresses this challenging issue with a goal of introducing an efficient strategy for constantly supplying labeled aerosol particles in a single-pass configuration without any pre- or post-physicochemical batch treatments of aerosol particles. Carbon black (CB, simulating combustion-generated soot) or calcium carbonate (CC, simulating brake-wear fragments) particles were constantly produced via spark ablation or bubble bursting, respectively. These minute particles were incorporated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-poly(ethylene glycol) 2-aminoethyl ether acetic acid solution at the orifice of a collison atomizer to fabricate hybrid droplets. The droplets successively entered a diffusion dryer containing 254-nm UV irradiation; therefore, the droplets were dynamically stiffened by UV to form fluorescent probes on particles during solvent extraction in the dryer. Particle size distributions, morphologies, and surface charges before and after labeling were measured to confirm fluorescence labeling without significant changes in the properties. In vitro assays, including confocal imaging, were conducted to confirm the feasibility of the labeling approach without inducing significant differences in bioactivity compared with untreated CB or CC particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Poudel
- a School of Mechanical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- b School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Jiseok Lim
- a School of Mechanical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Byeon
- a School of Mechanical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
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58
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Hong W, Chen S. Optimizing Dual Fluorescent Analysis to Investigate the Toxicity of AgNPs in E. coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 73:20.14.1-20.14.13. [PMID: 28777441 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) carries potential ecotoxicological risks. For full risk assessment, E. coli cells harboring a plasmid with a constitutively expressed GFP gene under control of lac promoter (lac::GFP) are extensively utilized. Flow cytometry is an advanced technology usually applied to toxicological research for rapid, efficient, multi-parameter analysis of single cells. However, it is difficult to accurately and sensitively detect the toxicity of nanoparticles with flow cytometry due to the interference of aggregated nanoparticles. In this protocol, dual-fluorescence detection with a propidium iodide (PI)-lac::GFP assay is used to determine the toxicity of AgNPs and successfully discriminate the dead or fragilized bacteria from living bacteria and aggregated nanoparticles. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, China Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, China Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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59
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Zhou Y, Xu X, Yu B, Yu G. Characterization of in vitro effects of microcystin-LR on intestinal epithelial cells. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1539-1547. [PMID: 27758031 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a single-cell layer that provides an important barrier against natural toxins. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyclic heptapeptide, is one of the best known toxins able to alter the functions of intestine. This study evaluated the toxic effects and the possible mechanisms of MC-LR on barrier function of the intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM MC-LR. Cell viability significantly decreased, while the ratio of apoptotic cells increased after exposure to 12.5μM and higer concentration of MC-LR. As expected, the integrity of a polarized IEC-6 monolayer was affected by MC-LR exposure, as demonstrated by a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, becoming most pronounced at 50μM, 24 h. No effects were detected on the protein expression levels of the tight junction protein claudin at 50μM. However, the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) declined. Furthermore, MC-LR can immigrate into IEC-6 cells. The activity of protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) decreased from the concentration of 12.5 μM, showing a dose-dependent decline. These results provide new information that strengthens the concept that the intestinal epithelium is important targets for toxic effects of water contaminants like MC-LR. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1539-1547, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Zhejiang Prov Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Beibei Yu
- School of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Guang Yu
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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60
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Chen L, Liu MM, Liu H, Lu D, Zhao XD, Yang XJ. ERCC1 and XRCC1 but not XPA single nucleotide polymorphisms correlate with response to chemotherapy in endometrial carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7019-7028. [PMID: 27895494 PMCID: PMC5117877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms of ERCC1/XRCC1/XPA genes and postoperative chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. Our study included 108 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 100 healthy participants. ERCC1 rs11615/XRCC1 rs25487/XPA rs1800975 gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Then the chemotherapy efficacy and toxic effects of the patients were assessed. The genotype and allele frequency of ERCC1 rs11615/XRCC1 rs25487 in the case group were significantly different from that in the control group (all P<0.05). The patients with AA + GA in ERCC1 rs11615 had an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma than those with GG, and the risk of endometrial carcinoma for patients with AA + GA was also higher in comparison with patients with GG genotype in XRCC1 rs25487 (all P<0.05). GG on both ERCC1 rs11615/XRCC1 rs25487 had a higher effective rate of chemotherapy than GA + AA (all P<0.05). ERCC1 rs11615/XRCC1 rs25487 gene polymorphisms were linked with toxic effects in liver, kidney, and nervous system. ERCC1 rs11615/XRCC1 rs25487, muscular invasion, and tumor stage were independent risk factors for the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (all P<0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between XPA rs1800975 polymorphism and chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (all P>0.05). These results indicated that ERCC1 and XRCC1 but not XPA polymorphisms correlate with response to chemotherapy in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | | | - Xiao-Dan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Xue-Jing Yang
- Nursing Department, Harbin Chest Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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61
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Kara M, Yumrutas O, Demir CF, Ozdemir HH, Bozgeyik I, Coskun S, Eraslan E, Bal R. Insecticide imidacloprid influences cognitive functions and alters learning performance and related gene expression in a rat model. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:332-7. [PMID: 26568164 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential toxic effects of several pesticides, including imidacloprid on non-target organisms have not been clearly established. Also, the chronic effects of non-toxic doses on cognitive function in mammals are unknown. In this study, the effects of different doses of imidacloprid on learning and memory of infant and adult rats were evaluated, and the expressions of genes synthesizing proteins known to be associated with learning in brain tissues were also documented. 0.5, 2 and 8 mg/kg doses of imidacloprid were administered to newborn infant and adult Wistar albino rats by gavage. Their learning activities were evaluated, and the expression levels of the inotropic glutamate receptor GRIN1, synoptophysin, growth-associated protein 43 and the muscarinic receptor M1 in hippocampus were determined by real-time PCR method. Learning activities were diminished significantly at 2 and 8 mg/kg doses in the infant model groups and at 8 mg/kg dose in adult rats. Also, expression levels of GRIN1, SYP and GAP-43 were found to be insignificantly altered. Only the expression of M1 were significantly changed in high doses of adult group. Thus imidacloprid in high doses causes deterioration in cognitive functions particularly in infant rats, and this deterioration may be associated with changes in the expressions of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Onder Yumrutas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Caner F Demir
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | | | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Salih Coskun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ersen Eraslan
- Department of Physicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bal
- Department of Physicology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Stettner M, Steinberger D, Hartmann CJ, Pabst T, Konta L, Hartung HP, Kieseier BC. Isoniazid-induced polyneuropathy in a tuberculosis patient - implication for individual risk stratification with genotyping? Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00326. [PMID: 26355945 PMCID: PMC4559012 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of polyneuropathy (PNP) under treatment for tuberculosis (TB), including isoniazid (INH), is a highly relevant adverse drug effect. The NAT2 acetylation status is a predictor of potential toxic effects of INH. The question as to whether individual risk stratification by genotyping is useful to avoid suffering of patients and to lower costs for the health care system is of considerable clinical importance. CASE PRESENTATION After drug treatment for TB, including INH, a 23-year-old man developed severe PNP. During the treatment, laboratory results have been indicating incipient liver and renal injury. Later, molecular genetic analyses were performed and revealed a variation in the NAT2 gene and the c1/c2 genotype of the CYP2E1 gene, both described to contribute to an elevated risk for anti-tuberculostatic-induced liver damages (ATIL). CONCLUSION The combination of metabolizer genotypes should be taken into account as a cause for toxic effects and the development of PNP. Individual genotyping, performed before medication or at least if an elevation of liver parameters is observed, may reduce the risk of severe cases of PNP by early adjustment of treatment. Our case study indicates that evaluation of individual risk stratification with systematic pharmacogenetic genotyping of metabolizer gene combinations in the context of TB treatment should be addressed in clinical studies with larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stettner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Steinberger
- bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurter Innovationszentrum Biotechnologie (FIZ) Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; Institute of Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian J Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatjana Pabst
- bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurter Innovationszentrum Biotechnologie (FIZ) Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lidija Konta
- bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurter Innovationszentrum Biotechnologie (FIZ) Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Borowska S, Brzóska MM. Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:551-572. [PMID: 25809475 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3129/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetics, preparations repeatedly applied directly to the human skin, mucous membranes, hair and nails, should be safe for health, however, recently there has been increasing concern about their safety. Unfortunately, using these products in some cases is related to the occurrence of unfavourable effects resulting from intentional or the accidental presence of chemical substances, including toxic metals. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and nickel, as well as aluminium, classified as a light metal, are detected in various types of cosmetics (colour cosmetics, face and body care products, hair cosmetics, herbal cosmetics, etc.). In addition, necessary, but harmful when they occur in excessive amounts, elements such as copper, iron, chromium and cobalt are also present in cosmetic products. Metals occurring in cosmetics may undergo retention and act directly in the skin or be absorbed through the skin into the blood, accumulate in the body and exert toxic effects in various organs. Some cases of topical (mainly allergic contact dermatitis) and systemic effects owing to exposure to metals present in cosmetics have been reported. Literature data show that in commercially available cosmetics toxic metals may be present in amounts creating a danger to human health. Thus, the present review article focused on the problems related to the presence of heavy metals and aluminium in cosmetics, including their sources, concentrations and law regulations as well as danger for the health of these products users. Owing to the growing usage of cosmetics it is necessary to pay special attention to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Borowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
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Moro Y, Kogashiwa Y, Sato D, Matsumoto Y, Nakamura T, Yamauchi K, Sakurai H, Kohno N. Feasibility study of alternate-day S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:977-981. [PMID: 25667484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study analyzed the safety and feasibility of alternate-day S-1, a mixture of tegafur, dehydroxypyrimidine and potassium oxonate, as adjuvant chemotherapy for head and neck cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who underwent primary treatment received alternate-day S-1 (80 mg/day for 1 year). The primary end-point was treatment completion rate. The secondary end-point was adverse events. Three-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS One-year completion rate was 65.6%. Out of 26 patients, 19.0% had grade III adverse events. All adverse reactions were tolerable and reversible. Three-year OS and DFS were 74.8% and 57.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION S-1 therapy is an effective adjuvant treatment for head and neck cancer patients with relatively mild side-effects and does not adversely affect quality of life. A phase I/II study is warranted to investigate the appropriate dose for an alternate-day S-1 regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorihisa Moro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunao Kogashiwa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Dai Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamauchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kohno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Morén C, Hernández S, Guitart-Mampel M, Garrabou G. Mitochondrial toxicity in human pregnancy: an update on clinical and experimental approaches in the last 10 years. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11:9897-918. [PMID: 25247430 PMCID: PMC4199057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity can be one of the most dreadful consequences of exposure to a wide range of external agents including pathogens, therapeutic agents, abuse drugs, toxic gases and other harmful chemical substances. However, little is known about the effects of mitochondrial toxicity on pregnant women exposed to these agents that may exert transplacental activity and condition fetal remodeling. It has been hypothesized that mitochondrial toxicity may be involved in some adverse obstetric outcomes. In the present study, we investigated the association between exposure to mitochondrial toxic agents and pathologic conditions ranging from fertility defects, detrimental fetal development and impaired newborn health due to intra-uterine exposure. We have reviewed data from studies in human subjects to propose mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity that could be associated with the symptoms present in both exposed pregnant and fetal patients. Since some therapeutic interventions or accidental exposure cannot be avoided, further research is needed to gain insight into the molecular pathways leading to mitochondrial toxicity during pregnancy. The ultimate objective of these studies should be to reduce the mitochondrial toxicity of these agents and establish biomarkers for gestational monitoring of harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Morén
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS-Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Sandra Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS-Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS-Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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Junuzovic D, Zunic L, Dervisefendic M, Skopljak A, Pasagic A, Masic I. The toxic effect on leukocyte lineage of antimicrobial therapy in urinary and respiratory infections. Med Arch 2014; 68:167-9. [PMID: 25568526 PMCID: PMC4240340 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.167-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobials are widely used in infectious diseases. Only the timely intervention will contribute to the positive outcome of the disease. Unjustified use of antimicrobial prophylaxis may have adverse effects, i.e., result in bacterial resistance to existing antimicrobials, as well as toxic effects on leukocyte lineage and other parameters of the blood. GOAL The goal of this study was to confirm that the antimicrobial therapy of urinary, gynecological and respiratory infections has a toxic effect on leukocyte lineage. Followed by lowered immunity and the emergence of risk for health complications especially in oncology and other immunodeficient patients for whom to apply pharmacotherapy it is necessary to have adequate immunity, or white blood cell count that is greater than 4.0x10(9)/L. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective-retrospective study was conducted on a sample of 30 patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Gracanica during the period from March 01, 2013 until April 01, 2014. Testing of this sample was conducted by survey on health status and treatment, or on taking of antimicrobial therapy and other treatment regimens, with the referral diagnosis and determination of leukocytes count in by hematology counter SYSMEX. Results of leukocytes below and close to the lower reference values were statistically analyzed by Students t-test. RESULTS Mean WBC count in the group treated with antimicrobial therapy was 3.687±0.83 x10(9)/L, in the group which during repeated infection did not use the antimicrobial therapy 5.09±1.04 x10(9)/L, and in the control group of healthy subjects 7.178±1.038 x10(9)/L. Statistical analysis with Student's t test indicate highly significant differences between group of patients that used antimicrobial therapy with the group of patient that did not used antimicrobial during repeated infection (t=6.091; p=0.0001), as well as significant differences in mean WBC count of both of these groups and the controls (t=4.984; p=0.0001, and t=8.402, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Use of antimicrobial drugs leads to serious toxic reactions, or leukopenia. Indications for the use of antimicrobial therapy must be strictly followed, because banal, frequent infections are not indication for antimicrobial therapy. It is necessary to know the types of infection causes. Important is the proper and timely selection of antimicrobial therapy. When selecting the drug we should bear in mind its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic and toxic properties, as well as patient health status. Possible is also the application of preventive medicine as well as other manner of solving infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzelaludin Junuzovic
- Department of Urology, Clinical center of Sarajevo University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Zunic
- Health center Gracanica, Gracanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health sciences, University of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Amira Skopljak
- Department of Family medicine, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Almir Pasagic
- Department of Family medicine, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Masic
- Faculty of Health sciences, University of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Family medicine, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Shahzad A, Khan A, Khan MZ, Mahmood F, Gul ST, Saleemi MK. Immuno-pathologic effects of oral administration of chlorpyrifos in broiler chicks. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 12:16-23. [PMID: 24328552 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.866706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to assess if chlorpyrifos (CPF) induced immunotoxic effects in orally-treated day-old broiler chicks. Groups of chicks received per os CPF diluted in xylene at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight (CPF-5, CPF-10, and CPF-20) orally daily for 15 days. Xylene and control groups received xylene alone (1 ml/kg BW) and physiological saline, respectively. At various times during/after the exposure regimens, different immune end-points were analyzed in the birds. Humoral immunity was examined by assessing antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Cell-mediated immunity was measured via lymphoproliferative responses to avian tuberculin. Leukocyte phagocytic ability was measured using a carbon clearance assay. Results showed that CPF administered to broiler chicks caused a dose-dependent decrease in humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and phagocytic activity. Dose- and time-related pathological changes were observed in bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus in treated birds. These changes were mild, moderate, and severe, respectively, in the 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg CPF groups. The Bursa of Fabricius in treated birds showed increased inter-follicular connective tissue proliferation, severe moderate cytoplasmic vacuolation, edema, and degenerative changes such as pyknosis and fragmentation of nuclei that depleted the follicles of lymphoid cells. In the spleen, disorganization of follicular patterns, severe congestion, cytoplasmic vacuolation, degenerative changes, and hyperplasia of reticular cells were noted. The thymus in treated birds exhibited congestion, hyper-cellularity, and a presence of immature monocytes in the medullary region, as well as myoid cell necrosis. Taken together, these studies clearly demonstrated that chlorpyrifos could induce immunotoxicities in broiler birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Shahzad
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Gunatilake M, Lokuhetty MDS, Bartholameuz NA, Edirisuriye DT, Kularatne MU, Date A. Aerva lanata (Polpala): Its effects on the structure and function of the urinary tract. Pharmacognosy Res 2012; 4:181-8. [PMID: 23225960 PMCID: PMC3510869 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Aerva lanata is not prescribed for long-term use in Ayurveda as it is believed to produce structural changes in the urinary tract of the patients leading to renal failure. Aim: To investigate the toxic effects of Aerva lanata on the structure and function of urinary tract of a rat model (Sprague-Dawley rats). Settings and Design: An experimental study. Thirty male and thirty female healthy rats were randomly assigned to three groups (test groups 1, 2 and control) and administered dried infusion of A. lanata 25g/200ml (low dose), 100g/200ml (high dose) and distilled water respectively, for 30 days. Materials and Methods: Blood and urine were collected and creatinine was measured. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urine flow rate (UFR) of rats were determined to assess renal function. Kidneys, ureters, and bladders of rats were harvested for light microscopic (LM) studies. Electron microscopic (EM) studies were done on kidney tissues. Statistical Analysis Used: Difference in mean values of Ccr and UFR between test groups and the control group were compared statistically using independent T test. LM and EM findings of the two treated groups (T1 and T2) were statistically compared with the control group (C) using standard normal distribution. Results: Ccr and UFR of test groups were not significantly different from that of the control group. LM studies did not show any histological changes suggesting toxicity. EM, however showed significant ultra structural changes in proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells of rats in the two test groups. Conclusion: Administration of dried Aerva lanata for a period of one month did not produce significant effects on renal function of rats. However administration for the same period caused significant ultra structural changes in the proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells.
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Olejniczak M, Galka-Marciniak P, Polak K, Fligier A, Krzyzosiak WJ. RNAimmuno: a database of the nonspecific immunological effects of RNA interference and microRNA reagents. RNA 2012; 18:930-935. [PMID: 22411954 PMCID: PMC3334701 DOI: 10.1261/rna.025627.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The RNAimmuno database was created to provide easy access to information regarding the nonspecific effects generated in cells by RNA interference triggers and microRNA regulators. Various RNAi and microRNA reagents, which differ in length and structure, often cause non-sequence-specific immune responses, in addition to triggering the intended sequence-specific effects. The activation of the cellular sensors of foreign RNA or DNA may lead to the induction of type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine release. Subsequent changes in the cellular transcriptome and proteome may result in adverse effects, including cell death during therapeutic treatments or the misinterpretation of experimental results in research applications. The manually curated RNAimmuno database gathers the majority of the published data regarding the immunological side effects that are caused in investigated cell lines, tissues, and model organisms by different reagents. The database is accessible at http://rnaimmuno.ibch.poznan.pl and may be helpful in the further application and development of RNAi- and microRNA-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olejniczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Galka-Marciniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Polak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Fligier
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz J. Krzyzosiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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Novak S, Drobne D, Menard A. Prolonged feeding of terrestrial isopod (Porcellio scaber, Isopoda, Crustacea) on TiO (2) nanoparicles. Absence of toxic effect. Zookeys 2012:261-73. [PMID: 22536113 PMCID: PMC3335419 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.176.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are one of most widely used nanomaterials in different products in everyday use and in industry, but very little is known about their effects on non- target cells and tissues. Terrestrial isopods were exposed to food dosed with nano-TiO2 to give final nominal concentration 1000 and 2000 µg TiO2/g dry weight of food. The effects of ingested nano-TiO2 on the model invertebrate Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) after short-term (3 and 7 days) and prolonged (14 and 28 days) dietary exposure was assessed by conventional toxicity measures such as feeding rate, weight change and mortality. Cell membrane destabilization was also investigated. No severe toxicity effects were observed after 3, 7, 14 or 28 days of dietary exposure to nano-TiO2, but some animals, particularly those exposed to lower concentrations of nanoparticles, had severely destabilized digestive cell membranes. It was concluded that strong destabilization of the cell membrane was sporadic, and neither concentration- nor time-related. Further research is needed to confirm this sporadic toxic effect of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pozarowska D. Safety and tolerability of tafluprost in treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Clin Ophthalmol 2010; 4:1229-36. [PMID: 21060677 PMCID: PMC2964963 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s6369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common neuropathies of the optic nerve. An elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well documented risk factor for the development and progression of this disease. Until now, IOP reduction is the only well documented successful method of glaucoma treatment. Among the many hypotensive drugs, prostaglandin analogs are proved to be the most potent antiglaucoma agents, with very few systemic side effects. A new prostanoid FP receptor analog, tafluprost, has been introduced into the medical treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Many studies have shown that it is an efficient IOP-lowering drug, and that it is safe and well tolerated. A preservative-free tafluprost formulation is as potent as a preserved one, but it has fewer and milder toxic effects on the eye.
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Tessari ENC, Kobashigawa E, Cardoso ALSP, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Oliveira CAF. Effects of aflatoxin B(1) and fumonisin B(1) on blood biochemical parameters in broilers. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:453-60. [PMID: 22069595 PMCID: PMC3153208 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual and combined effects of dietary aflatoxin B(1 )(AFB(1)) and fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) on liver pathology, serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and plasma total protein (TP) of broilers were evaluated from 8 to 41 days of age. Dietary treatments included a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of AFB(1 )(0, 50 and 200 μg AFB(1)/kg), and three levels of FB(1 )(0, 50 and 200 mg FB(1)/kg). At 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed 50 mg FB(1 )only, concentrations of AST were higher (p < 0.05) in all other treatment groups when compared with controls. Plasma TP was lower (p < 0.05) at six days post feeding in groups fed 200 μg AFB(1)/kg alone or in combination with FB(1). At day 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed the highest combination of AFB(1 )and FB(1 )which had higher plasma TP than control birds(, )plasma TP of birds fed other dietary treatments were similar to controls. Broilers receiving the highest levels of AFB(1) and FB(1) had bile duct proliferation and trabecular disorder in liver samples. AFB(1) singly or in combination with FB at the levels studied, caused liver damage and an increase in serum levels of AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana N. C. Tessari
- Center for Advanced Technological Research on Poultry, Biological Institute, Descalvado, SP, Brazil; (E.N.C.T.); (A.L.S.P.C.)
| | - Estela Kobashigawa
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil; (E.K.)
| | - Ana Lúcia S. P. Cardoso
- Center for Advanced Technological Research on Poultry, Biological Institute, Descalvado, SP, Brazil; (E.N.C.T.); (A.L.S.P.C.)
| | - David R. Ledoux
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; (D.R.L.)
| | - George E. Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; (G.E.R.)
| | - Carlos A. F. Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil; (E.K.)
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Benoit L, Cheynel N, Ortega-Deballon P, Giacomo GD, Chauffert B, Rat P. Closed hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with open abdomen: a novel technique to reduce exposure of the surgical team to chemotherapy drugs. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:542-6. [PMID: 17929098 PMCID: PMC2887654 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of the surgical team to toxic drugs during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) remains a matter of great concern. During closed-abdomen HIPEC, operating room staff are not exposed to drugs, but the distribution of the heated liquid within the abdomen is not optimal. With open-abdomen HIPEC, the opposite is true. Although the open-abdomen method is potentially more effective, it has not become a standard procedure because of the risk of exposure of members of the team to drugs. METHODS We present a new technique (closed HIPEC with open abdomen) which ensures protection against potentially contaminating exposure to liquids, vapours and aerosols, and allows permanent access to the whole abdominal cavity. Its principle is to extend the abdominal surgical wound upwards with a sort of "glove-box". The cutaneous edges of the laparotomy are stapled to a latex "wall expander". The expander is draped over a special L-section metal frame placed above the abdomen. A transparent cover containing a "hand-access" port, like those used in laparoscopic surgery, is fixed inside the frame. RESULTS In 10 patients, this device proved to be hermetic for both liquids and vapours. Intra-abdominal temperature was maintained between 42 and 43 degrees C during most of the procedure. The whole abdominal cavity was accessible to the surgeon, allowing optimal exposure of all peritoneal surfaces. CONCLUSION This technique allows optimal HIPEC, while limiting the potential toxic effects for the surgical, medical and paramedical teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Benoit
- Service de Chirurgie digestive et Cancérologique - Chirurgie viscérale et Urgences
CHU DijonCentre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bocage, 1, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex,FR
| | - Nicolas Cheynel
- Service de Chirurgie digestive et Cancérologique - Chirurgie viscérale et Urgences
CHU DijonCentre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bocage, 1, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex,FR
| | - Pablo Ortega-Deballon
- Service de Chirurgie digestive et Cancérologique - Chirurgie viscérale et Urgences
CHU DijonCentre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bocage, 1, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex,FR
| | - Giovanni Di Giacomo
- Service de Chirurgie digestive et Cancérologique - Chirurgie viscérale et Urgences
CHU DijonCentre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bocage, 1, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex,FR
| | - Bruno Chauffert
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale
Centre Georges-François LeclercDijon,FR
| | - Patrick Rat
- Service de Chirurgie digestive et Cancérologique - Chirurgie viscérale et Urgences
CHU DijonCentre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bocage, 1, Bd. Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex,FR
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Zasada IA, Ferris H, Zheng L. Plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: laboratory efficacy, suppression of Meloidogyne javanica in soil, and phytotoxicity assays. J Nematol 2002; 34:124-129. [PMID: 19265919 PMCID: PMC2620549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Chinese herbal medicines from plants representing 13 families were tested for their ability to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes. Effective concentration (EC₅₀ and EC₉₀) levels for 18 of the extracts were determined in laboratory assays with Meloidogyne javanica juveniles and all stages of Pratylenchus vulnus. Efficacy of 17 extracts was tested against M. javanica in soil. Generally, EC₅₀ and EC₉₀ values determined in the laboratory were useful indicators for application rates in the soil. Extracts tested from plants in the Liliaceae reduced galling of tomato by M. javanica and were not phytotoxic. Similarly, isothiocyanate-yielding plants in the Brassicaceae suppressed root galling without phytotoxicity. Other plant extracts, including those from Azadirachta indica, Nerium oleander, and Hedera helix, suppressed root galling but were phytotoxic at the higher concentrations tested. Many of these plant sources have been tested elsewhere. Inconsistency in results across studies points to the need for identification of active components and for determination of concentration levels of these components when plant residues or extracts are applied to soil.
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Ferris H, Zheng L. Plant Sources of Chinese Herbal Remedies: Effects on Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne javanica. J Nematol 1999; 31:241-263. [PMID: 19270895 PMCID: PMC2620379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 500 plant species, used alone or in combination, are documented in Chinese traditional medicine to have activity against helminth and micro-invertebrate pests of humans. We subjected 153 candidate medicines or their plant sources to multilevel screening for effectiveness against plant-parasitic nematodes. For extracts effective in preliminary screens, we determined time-course and concentration-response relationships. Seventy-three of the aqueous extracts of medicines or their plant sources killed either Meloidogyne javanica juveniles or Pratylenchus vulnus (mixed stages), or both, within a 24-hour exposure period. Of 64 remedies reported as antihelminthics, 36 were effective; of 21 classi- fied as purgatives, 13 killed the nematodes; of 29 indicated as generally effective against pests, 13 killed the nematodes. Sources of extracts effective against one or both species of plant-parasitic nematodes are either the whole plant or vegetative, storage or reproductive components of the plants. Effective plants include both annuals and perennials, range from grasses and herbs to woody trees, and represent 46 plant families.
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