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Ibrahim SRM, Choudhry H, Asseri AH, Elfaky MA, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Stachybotrys chartarum-A Hidden Treasure: Secondary Metabolites, Bioactivities, and Biotechnological Relevance. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:504. [PMID: 35628759 PMCID: PMC9144806 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are renowned as a fountainhead of bio-metabolites that could be employed for producing novel therapeutic agents, as well as enzymes with wide biotechnological and industrial applications. Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold) (Stachybotriaceae) is a toxigenic fungus that is commonly found in damp environments. This fungus has the capacity to produce various classes of bio-metabolites with unrivaled structural features, including cyclosporins, cochlioquinones, atranones, trichothecenes, dolabellanes, phenylspirodrimanes, xanthones, and isoindoline and chromene derivatives. Moreover, it is a source of various enzymes that could have variable biotechnological and industrial relevance. The current review highlights the formerly published data on S. chartarum, including its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial and biotechnological relevance dated from 1973 to the beginning of 2022. In this work, 215 metabolites have been listed and 138 references have been cited.
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Ibrahim SRM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Noor AO, Bakhsh HT, Muhammad YA, Mohamed GA, Omar AM. Exploring the Activity of Fungal Phenalenone Derivatives as Potential CK2 Inhibitors Using Computational Methods. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050443. [PMID: 35628699 PMCID: PMC9143076 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the most prevalent causes of global death. CK2 (casein kinase 2) activation boosted cancer proliferation and progression. Therefore, CK2 inhibition can have a crucial role in prohibiting cancer progression and enhancing apoptosis. Fungi have gained vast interest as a wealthy pool of anticancer metabolites that could particularly target various cancer progression-linked signaling pathways. Phenalenones are a unique class of secondary metabolites that possess diverse bioactivities. In the current work, the CK2 inhibitory capacity of 33 fungal phenalenones was explored using computational studies. After evaluating the usefulness of the compounds as enzyme inhibitors by ADMET prediction, the compounds were prepared for molecular docking in the CK2-α1 crystal structure (PDB: 7BU4). Molecular dynamic simulation was performed on the top two scoring compounds to evaluate their binding affinity and protein stability through a simulated physiological environment. Compound 19 had a superior binding affinity to the co-crystallized ligand (Y49). The improved affinity can be attributed to the fact that the aliphatic chain makes additional contact with Asp120 in a pocket distant from the active site.
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Ibrahim SRM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Noor AO, Bakhsh HT, Mohamed GA. Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Indian Camphorweed (Pluchea indica): A Multi-Potential Medicinal Plant of Nutritional and Ethnomedicinal Importance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082383. [PMID: 35458586 PMCID: PMC9030395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluchea indica (L.) Less. (Asteraceae) commonly known as Indian camphorweed, pluchea, or marsh fleabane has gained great importance in various traditional medicines for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. It is utilized to cure several illnesses such as lumbago, kidney stones, leucorrhea, inflammation, gangrenous and atonic ulcer, hemorrhoids, dysentery, eye diseases, itchy skin, acid stomach, dysuria, abdominal pain, scabies, fever, sore muscles, dysentery, diabetes, rheumatism, etc. The plant or its leaves in the form of tea are commonly used for treating diabetes and rheumatism. The plant is a rich source of calcium, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and β-carotene. Various biomolecules have been isolated from P. indica, including thiophenes, terpenes, quinic acids, sterols, lignans, phenolics, and flavonoids. The current review reports detailed information about the phytoconstituents and pharmacological relevance of P. indica and the link to its traditional uses. The reported studies validated the efficacy and safety of P. indica, as well as supported its traditional uses for treating various ailments and promoting health and well-being. Thus, this could encourage the development of this plant into a healthy food supplement or medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. However, further studies on the drug interactions, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and metabolism, as well as clinical trials, should be carried out.
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Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM. Lansium domesticum-A Fruit with Multi-Benefits: Traditional Uses, Phytochemicals, Nutritional Value, and Bioactivities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071531. [PMID: 35406144 PMCID: PMC9002712 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lansium domesticum (Langsat, Meliaceae) is a tropical fruit mainly found in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Traditionally, it is utilized as a folk treatment for eye inflammation, ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, spasms, flatulence, worms, insect bites, scorpion stings, and malaria. Additionally, it is utilized as a mosquito repellent, skin moisturizer and whitening agent. Pharmacological research showed that the plant has a wide array of bioactivities, including antimalarial, antifeedant, anti-aging, wound healing, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, antibacterial, antimutagenic, insecticidal, and larvicidal. The most commonly described activities were attributed to the presence of terpenoids and phenolics. Further, some studies reported the preparation of nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations from the plant. This review highlights the potential of L. domesticum as herbal medicine. It provides an overview about the reported data on L. domesticum from 1931 to November 2021, including nutritional value, traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and bioactivities, as well as nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Ibrahim SRM, Omar AM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Thiophenes-Naturally Occurring Plant Metabolites: Biological Activities and In Silico Evaluation of Their Potential as Cathepsin D Inhibitors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040539. [PMID: 35214871 PMCID: PMC8877444 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Naturally, thiophenes represent a small family of natural metabolites featured by one to five thiophene rings. Numerous plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae commonly produce thiophenes. These metabolites possessed remarkable bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, antioxidant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and nematicidal properties. The current review provides an update over the past seven years for the reported natural thiophene derivatives, including their sources, biosynthesis, spectral data, and bioactivities since the last review published in 2015. Additionally, with the help of the SuperPred webserver, an AI (artificial intelligence) tool, the potential drug target for the compounds was predicted. In silico studies were conducted for Cathepsin D with thiophene derivatives, including ADMET (drug absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion/and toxicity) properties prediction, molecular docking for the binding interaction, and molecular dynamics to evaluate the ligand-target interaction stability under simulated physiological conditions.
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Sirwi A, Shaik RA, Alamoudi AJ, Eid BG, Elfaky MA, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdallah HM, Abdel-Naim AB. Mokko Lactone Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040733. [PMID: 35215383 PMCID: PMC8880813 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly utilized anthracycline antibiotic, suffers deleterious side effects such as cardiotoxicity. Mokko lactone (ML) is a naturally occurring guainolide sesquiterpene with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This study aimed at investigating the protective effects of ML in a DOX-induced cardiotoxicity model in rats. Our results indicated that ML exerted protection against cardiotoxicity induced by DOX as indicated by ameliorating the rise in serum troponin and creatine kinase-MB levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Histological assessment showed that ML provided protection against pathological alterations in heart architecture. Furthermore, treatment with ML significantly ameliorated DOX-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, depletion of glutathione, and exhaustion of superoxide dismutase and catalase. ML's antioxidant effects were accompanied by increased nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Moreover, ML exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities as evidenced by lowered nuclear factor κB, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. ML also caused significant antiapoptotic actions manifested by modulation in mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. This suggests that ML prevents heart injury induced by DOX via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
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Omar AM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM. Chaetomugilins and Chaetoviridins—Promising Natural Metabolites: Structures, Separation, Characterization, Biosynthesis, Bioactivities, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020127. [PMID: 35205880 PMCID: PMC8875349 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are recognized as luxuriant metabolic artists that generate propitious biometabolites. Historically, fungal metabolites have largely been investigated as leads for various therapeutic agents. Chaetomugilins and the closely related chaetoviridins are fungal metabolites, and each has an oxygenated bicyclic pyranoquinone core. They are mainly produced by various Chaetomaceae species. These metabolites display unique chemical features and diversified bioactivities. The current review gives an overview of research about fungal chaetomugilins and chaetoviridins regarding their structures, separation, characterization, biosynthesis, and bioactivities. Additionally, their antiviral potential towards the SARS-CoV-2 protease was evaluated using docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We report on the docking and predictive binding energy estimations using reported crystal structures of the main protease (PDB ID: 6M2N, 6W81, and 7K0f) at variable resolutions—i.e., 2.20, 1.55, and 1.65 Å, respectively. Chaetovirdin D (43) exhibited highly negative docking scores of −7.944, −8.141, and −6.615 kcal/mol, when complexed with 6M2N, 6W81, and 7K0f, respectively. The reference inhibitors exhibited the following scores: −5.377, −6.995, and −8.159 kcal/mol, when complexed with 6M2N, 6W81, and 7K0f, respectively. By using molecular dynamics simulations, chaetovirdin D’s stability in complexes with the viral protease was analyzed, and it was found to be stable over the course of 100 ns.
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Abdallah HM, El Sayed NS, Sirwi A, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdel Rasheed NO. Mangostanaxanthone IV Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Neuro-Inflammation, Amyloid Deposition, and Tau Hyperphosphorylation via Modulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121298. [PMID: 34943213 PMCID: PMC8698304 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formation owing to tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) has been widely used as a model of sporadic AD as it mimics many neuro-pathological changes witnessed in this form of AD. In the present study, mangostanaxanthone IV (MX-IV)-induced neuro-protective effects in the ICV-STZ mouse model were investigated. STZ (3 mg/kg, ICV) was injected once, followed by either MX-IV (30 mg/kg/day, oral) or donepezil (2.5 mg/kg/day, oral) for 21 days. Treatment with MX-IV diminished ICV-STZ-induced oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and apoptosis which was reflected by a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) brain contents contrary to increased glutathione (GSH) content. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase content and cleaved caspase-3 activity were reduced together with a marked decrement in amyloid plaques number and phosphorylated tau expression via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway modulation, leading to obvious enhancement in neuronal survival and cognition. Therefore, MX-IV is deemed as a prosperous nominee for AD management with obvious neuro-protective effects that were comparable to the standard drug donepezil.
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Ibrahim SRM, Altyar AE, Sindi IA, El-Agamy DS, Abdallah HM, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Kirenol: A promising bioactive metabolite from siegesbeckia species: A detailed review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114552. [PMID: 34438028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kirenol (Kr) is an ent-pimarane type diterpenoid that has been reported from Siegesbeckiaorientalis, S. pubescens, and S. glabrescens (family Asteraceae). These plants have been used traditionally for treating various ailments such as hypertension, neurasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, snakebites, allergic disorders, paralysis, soreness, cutaneous disorders, rubella, menstrual disorders, numbness of limbs, dizziness, headache, and malaria. Importantly, in recent years, Kr has received great attention due to its diversified pharmacological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The current work aims to give an overview on the reported pharmacological activities of Kr. Furthermore, the findings regarding its methods for extraction, quantitative analysis, purification, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical and food preparations, biosynthesis, identification, semisynthetic analogues, and toxicity are highlighted to provide a reference and perspective for its further investigation. METHODS Electronic databases including ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, Springer, JACS, and Google Scholar were searched up to the beginning of 2021 to identify the reported studies. RESULTS A total of 93 articles have been reviewed. The reported data suggested that Kr possessed various bioactivities including cytotoxic, apoptotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, anti-photo-aging, anti-adipogenic, antimicrobial, muscle function improvement, fracture and wound healing, and anti-arthritic. In addition, studies revealed that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Kr may mediate many of its therapeutic potentials as confirmed by several in-vitro and in-vivo studies. CONCLUSION This review provides an updated summary of the recent studies on Kr, including methods for extraction, quantitative analysis, purification, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical and food preparations, biosynthesis, and identification, as well as semisynthetic analogues, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. Thus, this work can provide useful considerations for planning and design future research on Kr.
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Sirwi A, Shaik RA, Alamoudi AJ, Eid BG, Kammoun AK, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdallah HM, Abdel-Naim AB. Mokko Lactone Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Emphasis on Sirt-1/FOXO1/NF-κB Axis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114142. [PMID: 34836397 PMCID: PMC8621765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a common chemotherapeutic agent, suffers serious adverse effects including hepatotoxicity. Mokko lactone (ML) is a guainolide sesquiterpene with promising biological activities. The study aimed to evaluate the protection offered by ML against hepatotoxicity induced by DOX in rats. Our data indicated ML exhibited protective effects as evidenced by ameliorating the rise in serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. This was confirmed histologically as ML prevented DOX-induced pathological alteration in liver architecture. Further, ML administration significantly prevented malondialdehyde accumulation, glutathione depletion and superoxide dismutase and catalase exhaustion. Antioxidant action of ML was associated with enhanced expression of the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and a lower expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). Also, ML showed potent anti-inflammatory activities highlighted by decreased expression of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The anti-apoptotic effects of ML were associated with decreased Bax and enhanced Bcl-2 mRNA expression in liver tissues. ML caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that ML prevents liver injury caused by DOX. This could partially be due to the ML regulatory activities on Sirt-1/FOXO1/NF-κB axis.
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Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM. Untapped Potential of Marine-Associated Cladosporium Species: An Overview on Secondary Metabolites, Biotechnological Relevance, and Biological Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:645. [PMID: 34822516 PMCID: PMC8622643 DOI: 10.3390/md19110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is an underexplored treasure that hosts huge biodiversity of microorganisms. Marine-derived fungi are a rich source of novel metabolites with unique structural features, bioactivities, and biotechnological applications. Marine-associated Cladosporium species have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to produce a wide array of metabolites, including alkaloids, macrolides, diketopiperazines, pyrones, tetralones, sterols, phenolics, terpenes, lactones, and tetramic acid derivatives that possess versatile bioactivities. Moreover, they produce diverse enzymes with biotechnological and industrial relevance. This review gives an overview on the Cladosporium species derived from marine habitats, including their metabolites and bioactivities, as well as the industrial and biotechnological potential of these species. In the current review, 286 compounds have been listed based on the reported data from 1998 until July 2021. Moreover, more than 175 references have been cited.
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Abdallah HM, Timraz NZ, Ibrahim SRM, El-Halawany AM, Malebari AM, Shehata IA, El-Bassossy HM. Nitric-Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Hypericum revolutum in Rat Aorta. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060541. [PMID: 34204229 PMCID: PMC8234642 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypericum revolutum (HR) is reported to produce vasodilating activity in phenylephrine-precontracted aortae, where the chloroform fraction is the most potent. Chemical investigation of this fraction yielded two new compounds, revolutin (1) and hyperevolutin C (2), along with three known metabolites, β-sitosterol (3), euxanthone (4), and 2,3,4-tirmethoxy xanthone (5). Isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 produce vasodilation activities that are dependent on endothelial nitric oxide release. Abstract Vasodilators are an important class in the management of hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. In this regard, the chloroform fraction of Hypericum revolutum (HR) has been reported to produce vasodilating activity in phenylephrine-precontracted aortae. The current work aims to identify the active metabolites in the chloroform fraction of HR and illustrate the possible mechanism of action. The vasodilation activities were investigated using the isolated artery technique. NO vascular release was assessed by utilizing the NO-sensitive fluorescent probe DAF-FM. Free radical scavenging capacity was assessed utilizing DPPH. Chemical investigation of this fraction yielded two new compounds, revolutin (1) and hyperevolutin C (2), along with three known metabolites, β-sitosterol (3), euxanthone (4), and 2,3,4-tirmethoxy xanthone (5). Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed significant vasodilation activities that were blocked by either endothelial denudation or L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), pointing towards a role of endothelial nitric oxide in their activities. In confirmation of this role, compounds 1–3 showed a significant release of NO from isolated vessels, as indicated by DAF-FM. On the other hand, only compound 5 showed free radical scavenging activities, as indicated by DPPH. In conclusion, isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 produce vasodilation activities that are dependent on endothelial nitric oxide release.
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Ibrahim SRM, Altyar AE, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Genus Thielavia: phytochemicals, industrial importance and biological relevance. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5108-5123. [PMID: 33949258 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1919105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thielavia species (Chaetomiaceae) are a wealthy source of enzymes such as laccases, cutinases, glucuronoyl esterases, feruloyl esterases, 1,4-β-endoglucanase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases that reported to have various biotechnological and industrial applications in dye decolorization, bio-refinery, biomass utilization, ester biosynthesis and biodegradation. Different metabolites have been reported from this genus as depsides, azaphilones, pyrazines, naphthodianthrones and anthraquinones derivatives. These metabolites have attracted research interest due to their fascinating structures and diverse bioactivities, including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and superoxide anion generation, phospholipase, prostaglandins synthesis and proteasome inhibitory activities. Therefore, these compounds can be taken into account as candidates for the development of effective and novel pharmaceutical leads. The current review represents the relevant information for the Thielavia genus, in particular, its phytoconstituents and their pharmacological activities, as well as the biotechnological applications of Thielavia species published from 1981 till now. More than 40 metabolites are described and - 71 references are cited.
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Abdallah HM, El-Halawany AM, Sirwi A, El-Araby AM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Koshak AE, Asfour HZ, Awan ZA, A. Elfaky M. Repurposing of Some Natural Product Isolates as SARS-COV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors via In Vitro Cell Free and Cell-Based Antiviral Assessments and Molecular Modeling Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:213. [PMID: 33806331 PMCID: PMC8001104 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted scientists to search for an efficient antiviral medicine to overcome the rapid spread and the marked increase in the number of patients worldwide. In this regard natural products could be a potential source of substances active against coronavirus infections. A systematic computer-aided virtual screening approach was carried out using commercially available natural products found on the Zinc Database in addition to an in-house compound library to identify potential natural product inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPRO). The top eighteen hits from the screening were selected for in vitro evaluation on the viral protease (SARS-CoV-2 MPRO). Five compounds (naringenin, 2,3',4,5',6-pentahydroxybenzophenone, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, sennoside B, and acetoside) displayed high activity against the viral protein. Acteoside showed similar activity to the positive control GC376. The most potent compounds were tested in vitro on SARS-CoV-2 Egyptian strain where only naringenin showed moderate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity at non-cytotoxic micromolar concentrations in vitro with a significant selectivity index (CC50/IC50 = 178.748/28.347 = 6.3). Moreover; a common feature pharmacophore model was generated to explain the requirements for enzyme inhibition by this diverse group of active ligands. These results pave a path for future repurposing and development of natural products to aid in the battle against COVID-19.
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Abdallah HM, El Dine RS, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Shehata IA, El-Halawany AM. Natural Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Activators for Diabetes. Altern Ther Health Med 2020; 26:28-44. [PMID: 31221946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a worldwide problem. Drugs used in MetS target different symptoms, like excessive body weight, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) regulate the gene expression involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adipogenesis. Activation of PPARγ has become a target of interest to counter hyperglycemia linked with MetS and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVE The current review intended to summarize reported research on medicinal plants, or their bioactive constituents, with PPARγ-activating potential. DESIGN The research team searched the literature up to 2016 using electronic databases- ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley-for publications on medicinal plants with promising PPARγ modulators using keywords diabetes mellitus, natural products, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, metabolic syndrome, adipogenesis. SETTING This study was conducted in the Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Several natural products were considered to be good ligands for PPARγ. The PPARγ agonistic activity of over 100 plants covered in this review was supported by experimental evidence. Some of the plants and their constituents had been studied for their possible mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS Findings discussed in this review highlighted PPARγ's role as an organizer of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, thus supporting its function as a target for antidiabetic agents. The discovery that some natural compounds and plants could activate PPARγ opens up the prospect for future development of strategies to take advantage of its therapeutic potential in diabetes. Therefore, the current review could provide significant information for biotechnological or pharmaceutical applications in targeted drug delivery and design.
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El-Agamy DS, Ibrahim SRM, Ahmed N, Khoshhal S, Abo-Haded HM, Elkablawy MA, Aljuhani N, Mohamed GA. Aspernolide F, as a new cardioprotective butyrolactone against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 72:429-436. [PMID: 31030099 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have known as a promising source of secondary metabolites. γ-Butyrolactones are a class of metabolites reported from Aspergillus genus, which attracted much attention for their bioactivities. This study aimed to assess the potential cardioprotective effects of aspernolide F (AF) separated from the endophytic fungus A. terreus against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxic effects in rats. Animals were treated with two different doses of AF for 10 days prior to DOX injection. Electrocardiographic (ECG), biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results have shown that AF effectively protected against DOX-induced cardiac damage as AF counteracted DOX-induced ECG abnormalities and attenuated serum markers of cardiotoxicity (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin I, and troponin T). Histopathological examination of cardiac tissue revealed a remarkable improvement in DOX-induced lesions. In addition, AF ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative damage and increased the levels of antioxidants in cardiac tissues. AF treatment inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and decreased the immuno-expression of NF-κB in cardiac tissue. Furthermore, AF caused a marked lowering in the level of inflammatory cytokines (nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) in the cardiac tissue. Collectively, this study demonstrates the cardioprotective activity of AF against DOX-induced cardiac damage which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Elghamdi AA, Abdallah HM, Shehata IA, Mohamed GA, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Koshak AE, Ibrahim SRM. Cyclocuneatol and Cuneatannin, New Cycloartane Triterpenoid and Ellagitannin Glycoside from Euphorbia cuneata. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zayed MF, Ibrahim SRM, Habib ESE, Hassan MH, Ahmed S, Rateb HS. Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Newly Substituted Fluoroquinazolinones. Med Chem 2019; 15:659-675. [PMID: 30411687 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666181109092944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinazolines and quinazolinones derivatives are well known for their important range of therapeutic activities. OBJECTIVE The study aims to carry out the synthesis of some derivatives of substituted fluoroquinazolinones based on structure-based design and evaluation of their antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-biofilm activities. METHODS Compounds were chemically synthesized by conventional methods. Structures were established on the basis of spectral and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial potential was tested against various microorganisms using the agar disc-diffusion method. MIC and MBC as well as anti-biofilm activity for the highly active compounds were assessed. Moreover, the computational studies were performed using Auto dock free software package (version 4.0) to explain the predicted mode of binding. RESULTS All derivatives (5-8), (10a-g), and (A-H) were biologically tested and showed significant antimicrobial activity comparable to the reference compounds. Compounds 10b, 10c, and 10d had a good MIC and MBC against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas 10b and 10d showed significant MIC and MBC against Gram-negative bacteria. However, compounds E and F exhibited good MIC and MBC against fungi. Compound 10c and 8 exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity towards S. aureus and M. luteus. Molecular docking study revealed a strong binding of these derivatives with their receptor-site and detected their predicted mode of binding. CONCLUSION The synthesized derivatives showed promising antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities. Modeling study explained their binding mode and showed strong binding affinity with their receptor-site. The highly active compounds 5 and 10c could be subjected to future optimization and investigation to be effective antimicrobial agents.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Elfaky MA, Zayed MF, El-Kholy AA, Abdelmageed OH, Ross SA. Mangostanaxanthone VII, a new cytotoxic xanthone from Garcinia mangostana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:185-189. [PMID: 29116938 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (the queen of fruits, mangosteen, family Guttiferae) is a wealthy source of xanthones. The CHCl3 soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of G. mangostana provided a new xanthone: mangostanaxanthone VII (5), along with four known xanthones: mangostanaxanthones I (1) and II (2), gartanin (3) and γ-mangostin (4). The structural verification of these metabolites was achieved by different spectral techniques, including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The new metabolite was assessed for cytotoxic potential, using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay towards the A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Moreover, its antimicrobial effects were evaluated against various bacterial and fungal strains, using agar disc diffusion assay. Mangostanaxanthone VII showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the A549 and MCF7 cell lines with IC50s 26.1 and 34.8 μM, respectively, compared with doxorubicin (0.74 and 0.41 μM, respectively).
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Ibrahim SRM, Badr JM, Sayed KAE, Youssef DTA. A New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene and Three Anti-inflammatory Flavonoids from Egyptian Tanacetum Santolinoides. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A re-investigation of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Tanacetum santolinoides has resulted in the isolation of a new sesquiterpene, tanacetonic acid (1), along with three known methoxylated flavonoids. The structure of the isolated compounds was secured based on their IR, UV, 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopic and FAB mass spectral characteristics. The new sesquiterpene showed a significant cytotoxic activity when tested using the brine shrimp bioassay, while the three flavonoids demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in the rat paw oedema test.
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Jabal KA, Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA, Shehata IA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Koshak AA, Ibrahim SRM. Perisomalien A, a new cytotoxic scalarane sesterterpene from the fruits of Periploca somaliensis. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2167-2172. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1577842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Al Haidari RA, El-Kholy AA, Zayed MF, Khayat MT. Tagetnoic acid, a new lipoxygenase inhibitor peroxy fatty acid fromTagetes minutagrowing in Saudi Arabia. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:474-481. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1488712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Al Haidari RA, El-Kholy AA, Zayed MF. Potential Anti-Malarial Agents from Endophytic Fungi: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 18:1110-1132. [PMID: 29512460 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180305163151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the major infectious diseases and foremost cause of mortality and morbidity in many subtropical and tropical regions. In the last years, the situation has become worst in many ways, due to increase in the parasites resistance to various available antimalarial agents. Furthermore, malaria`s control is beginning to be more sophisticated by the parallel spread of mosquito vector`s resistance to the available insecticides. Recently, there is a wide consensus to seek for target specific, safe, affordable, and effective new antimalarial agents, which can compete with synthetic ones. Endophytic fungi are of a growing interest as prominent sources of structurally unique bioactive natural products. The bio-metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi, possessing antimalarial potential may compose the base for the synthesis of novel drugs that might be utilized to withstand malaria and its resistance. For getting information on the various studies, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley search was done using keywords (malaria, endophytic fungi, and antimalarial activity). The present review covers the literature published from 1996 to 2017 and highlights the metabolites for which antimalarial activities have been reported. Overall, 135 fungal metabolites and 72 references are cited. In addition, their structure, chemical class, fungal source, host, and activity have been presented. This review shows the significance of endophytic fungi as a wealthy pool of antimalarial agents.
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Ibrahim SRM, Abdallah HM, El-Halawany AM, Nafady AM, Mohamed GA. Mangostanaxanthone VIII, a new xanthone from Garcinia mangostana and its cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1446012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ibrahim SRM, El-Agamy DS, Abdallah HM, Ahmed N, Elkablawy MA, Mohamed GA. Protective activity of tovophyllin A, a xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana pericarps, against acetaminophen-induced liver damage: role of Nrf2 activation. Food Funct 2018; 9:3291-3300. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tovophyllin A (TA) ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Ibrahim SRM, Abdallah HM, Elkhayat ES, Al Musayeib NM, Asfour HZ, Zayed MF, Mohamed GA. Fusaripeptide A: new antifungal and anti-malarial cyclodepsipeptide from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:75-85. [PMID: 28446036 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1320989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
From the culture of the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from the roots of Mentha longifolia L. (Labiatae) growing in Saudi Arabia, a new cyclodepsipeptide, namely fusaripeptide A (1), along with three known compounds adenosine (2), 2[(2-hydroxypropionyl)amino]benzamide (3), and cyclopentanol (4), have been isolated. Their structures were determined, using extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HRESI and GC mass spectral data. That is the first report for the isolation of compound 4 from natural source. In addition, compounds 2 and 3 are reported here for the first time from Fusarium sp. The absolute configuration of the amino acid residues of 1 was assigned by chiral GCMS and Marfey's analysis after acid hydrolysis. Fusaripeptide A differs from the reported ones from Fusarium sp. in the length of fatty acidic alkyl chain. Compound 1 was evaluated for its antifungal, anti-malarial, and cytotoxic activities. It exhibited potent antifungal activity toward C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and A. fumigates with IC50 values of 0.11, 0.24, 0.19, and 0.14 μM, respectively. Furthermore, it had significant anti-malarial activity toward P. falciparum (D6 clone) with IC50 value of 0.34 μM. However, it showed cytotoxic activity toward the tested cell lines.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Al Haidari RA, Zayed MF, El-Kholy AA, Elkhayat ES, Ross SA. Fusarithioamide B, a new benzamide derivative from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporium with potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:786-790. [PMID: 29317147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fusarithioamide B (6), a new aminobenzamide derivative with unprecedented carbon skeleton and five known metabolites: stigmast-4-ene-3-one (1), stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (3), tyrosol (4), and fusarithioamide A (5) were separated from Fusarium chlamydosporium EtOAc extract isolated from Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC. leaves (Asteraceae). The structure elucidation and completeassignment of the isolated metabolites were performed mainly by the aid of various NMR and MS data. Fusarithioamide B (6) has been assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activities towards various microbial strains by disc diffusion assay. It exhibited selective antifungal activity towards C. albicans (MIC 1.9 µg/ml and IZD 14.5 mm), comparing to clotrimazole (MIC 2.8 µg/ml and IZD 17.9 mm). Also, it possessed high antibacterial potential towards E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus compared to ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, 6 was tested for the in vitro cytotoxic effect against KB, HCT-116, BT-549, MCF-7, SKOV-3, and SK-MEL cell lines. It had selective and potent effect towards BT-549, MCF-7, SKOV-3, and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50s 0.09, 0.21, 1.23, and 0.59 μM, respectively compared to doxorubicin (IC50s 0.046, 0.05, 0.321, and 0.24 μM, respectively). Fusarithioamide B may provide a lead molecule for future developing of antitumor and antimicrobial agents.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Ross SA. Aspernolides L and M, new butyrolactones from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:155-160. [PMID: 27658145 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During the systematic search of active compounds from endophytic fungi, two new butyrolactones, namely aspernolides L (2) and M (4), together with four known compounds: 1-O-acetylglycerol (1), butyrolactone I (3), butyrolactone VI (5), and (+) alantrypinone (6) were characterized from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor isolated from the roots of Pulicaria crispa (Asteraceae). Extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS, was used to elucidate their structures. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 are reported for the first time from this fungus.
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Badr JM, Ibrahim SRM, Abou-Hussein DR. Plicosepalin A, a new antioxidant catechin-gallic acid derivative of inositol from the mistletoe Plicosepalus curviflorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:375-380. [PMID: 27206319 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the semi-parasitic plant, Plicosepalus curviflorus (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia resulted in the isolation of a new catechin-gallic acid derivative of inositol, plicosepalin A (1) [(+) catechin-4'-O-(1″-O-galloyl-5″-O-methyl)-myo-inositol], along with seven known compounds: methyl gallate (2), catechin (3), quercetin (4), gallic acid (5), lupeol (6), β-sitosterol (7), and ursolic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, ESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC, as well as comparison with reported data. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 1 were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the disc diffusion assay, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 9.0 ± 0.27 μM. Moreover, significant activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were recorded.
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Ibrahim SRM, Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA, Farag MA, Alshali KZ, Alsherif EA, Ross SA. Volatile oil profile of some lamiaceous plants growing in Saudi Arabia and their biological activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:35-41. [PMID: 27458662 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A comparative investigation of hydro-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Mentha longifolia L. (ML), Mentha microphylla K.Koch (MM), Mentha australis R.Br. (MA), and Teucrium polium L. (TP) growing in Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia, was carried out. The total numbers of identified constituents were 22, 23, 14, and 20 in ML, MM, MA, and TP oils, representing 93.0, 99.3, 78.1, and 81.1% of the total oil composition, respectively. Pulegone (40.7%) and cineole (33.4%) were the major components in ML, whereas carvone (64.6%) was the major one in MM. Furthermore, β-linalool (22.9%) and α-terpineol (12%) were the major components in MA, whereas, (E)-3-caren-2-ol accounted for 12.1% in TP. The essential oils of TP and MA exhibited promising activities against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 values of 2.3 and 3.7 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, MA essential oils exhibited antifungal activities towards Candida krusei and C. glabrata with IC50 values of 1 and 1.2 μg/mL, respectively.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Khedr AIM. γ-Butyrolactones from Aspergillus Species: Structures, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:791-800. [PMID: 30496667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, numerous metabolites possessing uncommon structures and potent bioactivity have been isolated from strains of fungi collected from diverse environments. The genus Aspergillus is known as a rich source of y-butyrolactones. These are a group of fungal secondary metabolites, consisting of a five- membered lactone bearing two aromatic rings, which shows a great variety of biological activities. This review summarizes the research on the biosynthesis, source, and biological activities of the naturally occurring y-butyrolactones that have been isolated from Aspergillus species published over the last decades. More than 75 compounds are described and 65 references are cited.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Ingenine E, a new cytotoxic β-carboline alkaloid from the Indonesian sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:504-509. [PMID: 27588456 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1213723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new β-carboline alkaloid ingenine E (4), along with three known metabolites annomontine (1), acanthomine A (2), and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman-1-one (3) were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens. Their structure characterization was unequivocally carried out using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated toward MCF7, A549, HCT116, PC12, and Hela cancer cell lines. Ingenine E (4) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF7, HCT116, and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.5, 0.67, and 2.15 μg/ml.
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Al Musayeib NM, Ibrahim SRM, Amina M, Al Hamoud GA, Mohamed GA. Curviflorside and curviflorin, new naphthalene glycoside and flavanol from Plicosepalus curviflorus. Z NATURFORSCH C 2017; 72:197-201. [PMID: 27845891 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The naphthalene glycosidecurviflorside [1,5-dihydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalene-2-O-β-D-xylopyranoside] (3) and the flavanol curviflorin [(+)-catechin-7-O-3″,4″-dihydroxybenzoate] (4), along with two known flavonoids: (+)-catechin (1) and quercetin (2) were isolated from the shoots of Plicosepalu scurviflorus Benth. (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia and the chemical structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Khedr AI. γ-Butyrolactones from Aspergillus Species: Structures, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, numerous metabolites possessing uncommon structures and potent bioactivity have been isolated from strains of fungi collected from diverse environments. The genus Aspergillus is known as a rich source of γ-butyrolactones. These are a group of fungal secondary metabolites, consisting of a five-membered lactone bearing two aromatic rings, which shows a great variety of biological activities. This review summarizes the research on the biosynthesis, source, and biological activities of the naturally occurring γ-butyrolactones that have been isolated from Aspergillus species published over the last decades. More than 75 compounds are described and 65 references are cited.
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Mohamed GA, Al-Abd AM, El-Halawany AM, Abdallah HM, Ibrahim SRM. New xanthones and cytotoxic constituents from Garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against human hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:302-312. [PMID: 28108382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer has proceeded to surpass one of the most chronic illnesses to be the major cause of mortality in both the developing and developed world. Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen, family Guttiferae) known as the queen of fruits, is one of the most popular tropical fruits. It is cultivated in Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, and Philippines. Traditionally, numerous parts of G. mangostana have been utilized to treat various ailments such as abdominal pain, haemorrhoids, food allergies, arthritis, leucorrhoea, gonorrhea, diarrhea, dysentery, wound infection, suppuration, and chronic ulcer. AIM OF STUDY Although anticancer activity has been reported for the plant, the goal of the study was designed to isolate and characterize the active metabolites from G. mangostana and measure their cytotoxic properties. In this research, the mechanism of antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CHCl3 fraction of the air-dried fruit hulls was repeatedly chromatographed on SiO2, RP18, Diaion HP-20, and polyamide columns to furnish fourteen compounds. The structures of these metabolites were proven by UV, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR measurements and HRESIMS. Additionally, the cytotoxic potential of all compounds was assessed against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 cell lines using SRB-U assay. Antiproliferative and cell cycle interference effects of potentially potent compounds were tested using DNA content flow cytometry. The mechanism of cell death induction was also studied using annexin-V/PI differential staining coupled with flow cytometry. RESULTS The CHCl3 soluble fraction afforded two new xanthones: mangostanaxanthones V (1) and VI (2), along with twelve known compounds: mangostanaxanthone IV (3), β-mangostin (4), garcinone E (5), α-mangostin (6), nor-mangostin (7), garcimangosone D (8), aromadendrin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene (10), 2,4,3`-trihydroxybenzophenone-6-O-β-glucopyranoside (11), maclurin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (rhodanthenone) (12), epicatechin (13), and 2,4,6,3`,5`-pentahydroxybenzophenone (14). Only compound 5 showed considerable antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects with IC50's ranging from 15.8 to 16.7µM. Compounds 3, 4, and 6 showed moderate to weak cytotoxic effects (IC50's ranged from 45.7 to 116.4µM). Using DNA content flow cytometry, it was found that only 5 induced significant cell cycle arrest at G0/G1-phase which is indicative of its antiproliferative properties. Additionally, by using annexin V-FITC/PI differential staining, 5 induced cells killing effect via the induction of apoptosis and necrosis in both HepG2 and HCT116 cells. Compound 3 produce necrosis and apoptosis only in HCT116 cells. On contrary, 6 induced apoptosis and necrosis in HepG2 cells and moderate necrosis in HCT116 cells. CONCLUSION Fourteen compounds were isolated from chloroform fraction of G. mangostana fruit hulls. Cytotoxic properties exhibited by the isolated xanthones from G. mangostana reinforce the avail of it as a natural cytotoxic agent against various cancers. These evidences could provide relevant bases for the scientific rationale of using G. mangostana in anti-cancer treatment.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Zayed MF, Ross SA. 8-Hydroxyirilone 5-methyl ether and 8-hydroxyirilone, new antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitors isoflavonoids from Iris germanica rhizomes. Bioorg Chem 2016; 70:192-198. [PMID: 28069265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Iris species are well recognized as wealthy sources of isoflavonoids. In the present study, phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Iris germanica (Iridaceae) procure the isolation of two new isoflavonoids namely, 8-hydroxyirilone 5-methyl ether (2) and 8-hydroxyirilone (3), along with eight known isoflavonoids: irilone 4'-methyl ether (1), irilone (4), irisolidone (5), irigenin S (6), irigenin (7), irilone 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), iridin S (9), and iridin (10). The isolated flavonoids were structurally characterized with the assist of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS) and comparing with the published data. They were estimated for their antioxidant and antidaibetic capacities using DPPH and α-amylase inhibition assays, respectively. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 exhibited prominent antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 12.92, 9.23, and 10.46μM, respectively compared to propyl gallate (IC50 7.11μM). Moreover, 2-5 possessed highest α-amylase inhibitory activity with % inhibition 66.1, 78.3, 67.3, and 70.1, respectively in comparison to acarbose (reference α-amylase inhibitor). Additionally, their structure-activity relationship has been discussed.
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R. M. Ibrahim S, A. Mohamed G, M. El-Messery S. In silico Modeling Studies of 5-HT2B Antagonistic Activity of 2-(2- phenylethyl)chromone Derivatives from Cucumis melo Seeds. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180813666160517164432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Haidari RA, Shaaban MI, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. ANTI-QUORUM SENSING ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:67-71. [PMID: 28487896 PMCID: PMC5416647 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Quorum sensing is the key regulator of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa such as biofilm formation, motility, productions of proteases, hemolysin, pyocyanin, and toxins. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the extracts from some medicinal plants on quorum sensing and related virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. Material and Methods: Quorum sensing inhibitory (OSI) effect of the alcohol extracts of 20 medicinal plants was evaluated by Chromobacterium violaceum reporter using agar cup diffusion method. The efficient QSI extracts were tested for their activity against biofilm synthesis, motility, and synthesis of pyocyanin from P. aeruginosa PA14 Results: The extracts of Citrus sinensis, Laurus nobilis, Elettaria cardamomum, Allium cepa, and Coriandrum sativum exhibited potent quorum quenching effect. On the other hand, Psidium guajava and Mentha longifolia extracts showed lower QSI activity. These extracts exhibited significant elimination of pyocyanin formation and biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. In addition, they significantly inhibited twitching and swimming motilities of P. aeruginosa PA14. Conclusion: This study illustrated, for the first time, the importance of C. sinensis, L. nobilis, E. cardamomum, A. cepa, and C. sativum as quorum sensing inhibitors and virulence suppressors of P. aeruginosa. Thus, these plants could provide a natural source for the elimination of Pseudomonas pathogenesis.
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Khedr AIM, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Ahmed HEA, Ahmad AS, Ramadan MA, El-Baky AEA, Yamada K, Ross SA. New ursane triterpenoids from Ficus pandurata and their binding affinity for human cannabinoid and opioid receptors. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:897-911. [PMID: 27350550 PMCID: PMC5590819 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Ficus pandurata Hance (Moraceae) fruits has led to the isolation of two new triterpenoids, ficupanduratin A [1β-hydroxy-3β-acetoxy-11α-methoxy-urs-12-ene] (11) and ficupanduratin B [21α-hydroxy-3β-acetoxy-11α-methoxy-urs-12-ene] (17), along with 20 known compounds: α-amyrin acetate (1), α-amyrin (2), 3β-acetoxy-20-taraxasten-22-one (3), 3β-acetoxy-11α-methoxy-olean-12-ene (4), 3β-acetoxy-11α-methoxy-12-ursene (5), 11-oxo-α-amyrin acetate (6), 11-oxo-β-amyrin acetate (7), palmitic acid (8), stigmast-4,22-diene-3,6-dione (9), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (10), stigmasterol (12), β-sitosterol (13), stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione (14), stigmastane-3,6-dione (15), 3β,21β-dihydroxy-11α-methoxy-olean-12-ene (16), 3β-hydroxy-11α-methoxyurs-12-ene (18), 6-hydroxystigmast-4,22-diene-3-one (19), 6-hydroxystigmast-4-ene-3-one (20), 11α,21α-dihydroxy-3β-acetoxy-urs-12-ene (21), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (22). Compound 21 is reported for the first time from a natural source. The structures of the 20 compounds were elucidated on the basis of IR, 1D ((1)H and (13)C), 2D ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) NMR and MS spectroscopic data, in addition to comparison with literature data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anti-leishmanial, and cytotoxic activities. In addition, their radioligand displacement affinity on opioid and cannabinoid receptors was assessed. Compounds 4, 11, and 15 exhibited good affinity towards the CB2 receptor, with displacement values of 69.7, 62.5 and 86.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, the binding mode of the active compounds in the active site of the CB2 cannabinoid receptors was investigated through molecular modelling.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Thiotagetin A, a new cytotoxic thiophene from Tagetes minuta. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:543-547. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1201672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ibrahim SRM, Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA, Ross SA. Integracides H-J: New tetracyclic triterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:161-7. [PMID: 27282207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new tetracyclic triterpenoids namely, integracides H (1), I (4), and J (5), along with integracides B (3) and F (2) have been isolated from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from the roots of Mentha longifolia L. (Labiatae) growing in Saudi Arabia. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, 1D ((1)H and (13)C) and 2D ((1)H(1)H COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR as well as HRESIMS and comparison with literature data. Integracides H (1) and J (5) showed significant anti-leishmanial activity towards Leishmania donovani with IC50 values of 4.75 and 3.29μM, respectively compared to pentamidine (IC50 6.35μM). Moreover, they displayed potent cytotoxic activity towards BT-549, SKOV-3, and KB cell lines with IC50 values of 1.82, 1.32, and 0.18μM and 2.46, 3.01, and 2.54μM, respectively.
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Al Musayeib NM, Al-Massarani SM, Amina M, El Dib RA, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM. Periplocain A, a New Naphthalene Derivative fromPeriploca aphyllaGrowing in Saudi Arabia. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Youssef DTA, Ibrahim SRM, Shaala LA, Mohamed GA, Banjar ZM. New Cerebroside and Nucleoside Derivatives from a Red Sea Strain of the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea producens. Molecules 2016; 21:324. [PMID: 27005610 PMCID: PMC6272925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of our ongoing efforts to identify marine-derived bioactive compounds, the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens was investigated. The organic extract of the Red Sea cyanobacterium afforded one new cerebroside, mooreaside A (1), two new nucleoside derivatives, 3-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine (2) and 3-phenylethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (3), along with the previously reported compounds thymidine (4) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl heptacosanoate (5). The structures of the compounds were determined by different spectroscopic studies (UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS), as well as comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1–5 showed variable cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines.
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Shaala LA, Youssef DTA, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Callyptide A, a new cytotoxic peptide from the Red Sea marine sponge Callyspongia species. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2783-2790. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:37-47. [PMID: 26765351 PMCID: PMC7162015 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoacridines are a class of strictly marine-derived alkaloids that constitute one of the largest chemical families of marine alkaloids. During the last few years, both natural pyridoacridines and their analogues have constituted excellent targets for synthetic works. They have been the subject of intense study due to their significant biological activities; cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, anti-HIV, and anti-parasitic activities. In the present review, 95 pyridoacridine alkaloids isolated from marine organisms are discussed in term of their occurrence, biosynthesis, biological activities, and structural assignment.
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Al-Attas AAM, El-Shaer NS, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Esmat A. Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenes from Costus speciosus rhizomes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:365-374. [PMID: 26593213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm. (crepe ginger, family Costaceae) is an ornamental plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism, bronchitis, fever, headache, asthma, flatulence, constipation, helminthiasis, leprosy, skin diseases, hiccough, anemia, as well as burning sensation on urination. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is designed to isolate and identify the active compounds from C. speciosus rhizomes and measure their anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The n-hexane-CHCl3 soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of C. speciosus rhizomes has been subjected to a repeated column chromatography, including normal silica gel and RP-18 column to give eight compounds. The structures of these compounds were established by UV, IR, 1D ((1)H and (13)C), and 2D ((1)H-(1)H COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR experiments and HRESIMS data. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1-8 was evaluated by measuring the levels IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, lipoxgenase-5, and PGE2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The n-hexane-CHCl3 soluble fraction afforded a new eudesmane acid, specioic acid (8), along with seven known compounds, 22,23-dihydrospinasterone (1), dehydrodihydrocostus lactone (mokko lactone) (2), dehydrocostus lactone (3), stigmasterol (4), arbusculin A (5), santamarine (douglanin) (6), and reynosin (7). Compounds 1, 4, and 5-7 were isolated for the first time C. speciosus. Compounds 1-4 displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity, while 7 and 8 showed moderate activity. Compounds 1-8 exhibited a concentration-related decrease in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2. Compounds 5 and 6 did not significantly decrease levels of different cytokines, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2 from PHA treatment at 1 µM. However, all tested compounds significantly decreased cytokines, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2 levels at concentration 100 µM. It is noteworthy that compounds 1-4 had the highest activity, where it lowered levels of cytokines, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2 to the extent that was no statistical difference from the control group. Thus, they decreased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) with decreased level of the target enzymes (COX-2 and lipoxgenase-5) and subsequent reduction of its inflammatory product (PGE2). CONCLUSION Good anti-inflammatory activities exhibited of the isolated compounds from C. speciosus corroborate the usefulness of this plant in the traditional treatment of inflammation and related symptoms.
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Litchi chinensis: medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:492-513. [PMID: 26342518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) has been widely used in many cultures for the treatment of cough, flatulence, stomach ulcers, diabetes, obesity, testicular swelling, hernia-like conditions, and epigastric and neuralgic pains. The ethnopharmacologial history of L. chinensis indicated that it possesses hypoglycemic, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, anti-tussive, analgesic, antipyretic, hemostatic, diuretic, and antiviral activities. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, and chemical constituents, as well as the pharmacological activities and toxicity of L. chinensis. Moreover, the focus of this review is the possible exploitation of this plant to treat different diseases and to suggest future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS To provide an overview of the ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of litchi, and to reveal their therapeutic potentials and being an evidence base for further research works, information on litchi was gathered from scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic search (PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library, and pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsat). All abstracts and full-text articles were examined. The most relevant articles were selected for screening and inclusion in this review. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the literature obtained through the above-mentioned sources confirmed that ethno-medical uses of L. chinensis have been recorded in China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines. Phytochemical investigation revealed that the major chemical constituents of litchi are flavonoids, sterols, triterpenens, phenolics, and other bioactive compounds. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from L. chinensis exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepato-protective, and immunomodulatory activities. From the toxicological perspective, litchi fruit juice and extracts have been proven to be safe at a dose 1 g/kg. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical investigations indicated that phenolics were the major bioactive components of L. chinensis with potential pharmacological activities. The ethnopharmacological relevance of L. chinensis is fully justified by the most recent findings indicating it is a useful medicinal and nutritional agent for treating a wide range of human disorders and aliments. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the mode of action of the active constituents and to fully exploit its preventive and therapeutic potentials.
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Elkhayat ES, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Ross SA. Terrenolide S, a new antileishmanial butenolide from the endophytic fungusAspergillus terreus. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:814-20. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1072711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Shaala LA, Banuls LMY, Kiss R, Youssef DTA. Calotroposides H-N, new cytotoxic oxypregnane oligoglycosides from the root bark of Calotropis procera. Steroids 2015; 96:63-72. [PMID: 25641077 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As a part of our continuing interest in identifying anticancer drug leads from natural sources, we have investigated the n-BuOH fraction of the root bark of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. Seven new oxypregnane oligoglycosides: calotroposides H-N (1-7) were isolated and identified. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR studies, HRMS, and GCMS spectral data. The in vitro growth inhibitory activity of the n-BuOH fraction and compounds 1-7 was evaluated against A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), U373 glioblastoma (GBM), and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Compounds 4 and 6 showed subnanomolar growth inhibition activity with IC50 ranging from 0.5 to 0.7μM against U373 glioblastoma (GBM) and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. These results provide further insight into the chemical diversity and biological activities of this class of compounds.
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Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Shaaban MIA, Ross SA. Mangostanaxanthones I and II, new xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:215-21. [PMID: 25128900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two new xanthones: mangostanaxanthones I (3) and II (5) were isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana, along with four known xanthones: 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (1), parvifolixanthone C (2), α-mangostin (4), and rubraxanthone (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, UV, 1D, 2D NMR, and MS spectroscopic data, in addition to comparison with literature data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and quorum-sensing inhibitory activities. Compounds 3 and 5 displayed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 12.07 and 14.12 μM, respectively using DPPH assay. Compounds 4-6 had weak to moderate activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while demonstrated promising action against Bacillus cereus with MICs 0.25, 1.0, and 1.0mg/mL, respectively. The tested compounds were inactive against Candida albicans. However, they showed selective antifungal potential toward Aspergillus fumigatus. Compounds 3 and 4 possessed quorum-sensing inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472.
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