[Effect of high carbohydrate and high fat diets on plasma glucose, insulin and lipids in normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects]

The fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipids response to high-carbohydrate-low-fat diets and low-carbohydrate-high-fat diets in normal subjects and patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia was observed. The normal, high carbohydrate and high fat diets consisted of 60%, 80% and 40% carbohydrate, 25%, 5% and 45% fat and 15% protein of total calorie respectively. The fasting plasma glucose levels increased (P less than 0.01) on day 1, insulin increased on day 3 (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05) and TG levels increased on days 3 and 5 after taking high carbohydrate diets both in the normal and hypertriglyceridemic groups. The fasting plasma TC and HDL-C decreased on high carbohydrate diets mainly in the hypertriglyceridemic group. The fasting plasma glucose slightly decreased on day 5, TG decreased on day 1 (P less than 0.05) and TC increased on day 1 and 3 (P less than 0.01) after taking high fat diets, but no differences were observed in insulin levels. Fasting plasma HDL-C levels in the normal group remained unchanged, but significantly decreased 3 days after taking high fat diets in the hypertriglyceridemic group (P less than 0.001). Our results indicate that high carbohydrate intake may be an important cause of hypertriglyceridemia in our country. This diet may cause a slight increase in the blood glucose level, which in turn stimulates an increase in plasma lipids and decrease in HDL-C, which is associated with an increase in the incident of coronary heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Antitumor action of lignum sappan]

The aqueous extract of lignum sappan can kill cell lines of HL-60, K562, L929 and Yac-1 at the concentration of 2 microliters/ml. The survival time of mice bearing EAC is increased by 185% (P less than 0.01) by ip 0.2 ml/mouse x 7d. The three-stage sequential test standard can be passed smoothly.

Interactions of corticotropin-releasing factor with antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs: behavioral studies with pigeons

A number of studies have shown significant interactions between neuronal systems involved with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and either the clinical manifestations of depression and anxiety or the effects of antidepressant or anxiolytic drugs. In the present study, effects of CRF were studied alone and in combination with imipramine and with the sedative-hypnotic/anxiolytic drugs pentobarbital and chlordiazepoxide. Interactions of CRF with the novel, atypical anxiolytic buspirone were also examined. Interactions were evaluated through the use of schedule-controlled responding, responding suppressed by punishment, and drug discrimination procedures using the conditioned key-pecking response of pigeons. Effects of CRF were significantly enhanced when given in combination with imipramine with low noneffective imipramine doses potentiating the rate-reducing effects of CRF. Similarly, in pigeons trained to discriminate imipramine from saline, noneffective doses of CRF shifted the imipramine dose-response curve more than twofold to the left. Low doses of imipramine that produced saline key responding, produced imipramine-key responding when coadministered with CRF. The CRF antagonist alpha-helical CRF9-41 did not alter the rate-decreasing effects of imipramine. Effects of CRF on schedule-controlled responding were, however, antagonized by the administration of chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital but not by buspirone, suggesting that CRF interacts with the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor mechanism complex but not with those systems involved in mediating the effects of buspirone. These results suggest that CRF interacts in significant ways with specific neurotransmitter systems subserving depression and anxiety.

In situ nucleoprotein structure involving origin-proximal SV40 DNA control elements

Nucleoprotein structures at the SV40 GC-box and adjacent AT-rich region have been probed by nucleases in permeabilized cells at nucleotide level resolution. The patterns of nuclease protection and hypersensitivity in these permeabilized cells that allow initiation of RNA and DNA synthesis are quite different from those observed in isolated nuclei that are inactive. Whereas simple DNA protection by factors is found in nuclei, the pattern in permeabilized cells includes very strong nuclease hypersensitive sites. Their arrangement suggests that the region exists as a higher order nucleoprotein complex in vivo, which is disturbed during the preparation of nuclei. The pattern is also found to be disturbed in permeabilized cells when T-antigen is inactivated by temperature-sensitive mutation. Since T-antigen origin binding sites and the GC-box region have been shown previously to interact functionally, the existence of a higher order structure involving both components provides a likely physical basis for the functional interaction of separate control elements.

Intra-cellular electrolyte changes and levels of endogenous digoxin-like substance within the plasma in patients with congestive heart failure

In this study, the lymphocytes and erythrocytes from peripheral venous blood were used as the study model from which were measured the cellular contents of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in 50 patients with chronic congestive heart failure and 39 control patients. Levels of endogenous digoxin-like substance in the plasma and activities of Na/K ATPase in red cell membrane wer monitored simultaneously. In the patients with heart failure, the intracellular contents of potassium and magnesium were decreased while those of sodium and calcium were increased significantly. The levels of endogenous digoxin-like substance were much higher in the plasma than those either in healthy controls or in patients with heart disease but without congestive failure (273.7 +/- 35.5 vs 23.3 +/- 2.2 and vs 32.9 +/- 3.6 pg/ml, respectively, P less than 0.001 for both). The activities of Na/K-ATPase were much lower in the patients with heart failure than in the controls. Values for intracellular electrolytes were significantly correlated with the rising levels of digoxin-like substance in the plasma. Non-digitalis inotropic therapy was associated with the recovery of these alterations of heart function, with the levels of the digoxin-like substance decreasing and activity of Na/K-ATPase going up. We conclude that endogenous digoxin-like substance might play a role in the imbalance of intra-cellular electrolytes seen in patients with congestive heart failure. Digoxin may exacerbate the loss of intracellular potassium.

[Diterpenoid constituents in bulbs of Fritillaria anhuiensis S.C. Chen et S.F. Yin]

The bulb of Fritillaria anhuiensis, a substitute for the traditional Chinese medicine Beimu, has been used as antibechic and expectorant. From the either soluble part of the bulb, four constituents were isolated and identified by spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) as beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, ent-kaur-15-en-17-ol and ent-kauran-16 beta, 17-diol.

[Establishment of hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against-p30 antigen]

BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified p30 antigen. SP2/0 myeloma cells and immune spleen cells were fused with 50% PEG (Sigma, MW 3,350-4,000). The cell fusion rate was 93.95%, and the antibody producing rate 21.01%. The technique of limiting dilution was used for cloning of the hybridoma cells. Two hybridoma cell lines E8 and G1 secreting McAb against p30 antigen were obtained. The number of chromosome of both E8 and G1 cell lines was 98.7 +/- 6.54 and 97.7 +/- 7.77, respectively. Results of the PAGE of the ascites generated by the hybridoma cell lines E8 and G1 showed a thick protein band at the gamma-region which was absent from the ascites generated by the SP 2/0 myeloma cells. The immunoglobulin of the McAb E8 and G1 belonged to IgG2 subclass. The results of the immunohistochemical method using the horseradish peroxidase conjugated antibody showed that both E8 and G1 McAb only reacted with epithelial cells of the normal human prostatic glands and their ducts, but did not cross-react with other thirty-four different kinds of normal human tissues. The results of inhibiting ELISA test showed that both E8 and G1 McAb were only inhibited by the human seminal plasma and p30, weakly inhibited by the adult male's urine, but were not inhibited by other eight different kinds of human body fluids and secretions as well as semen from eight different species of animals. It was concluded that McAb of E8 and G1 were organ and species specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Anti-angina effect of puerarin and its effect on plasma thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin]

Plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin Fl alpha(6-K-PGFl alpha), the stable nonenzymatic metabolites of TXA2 and prostacyclin were assayed in 30 patients suffering from angina pectoris before and after administration of puerarin. In addition, serum lipids and HDL were also measured at the same time. 20 healthy subjects were chosen as the control group. Two weeks before and during administration of puerarin, aspirin, calcium-antagonists, all kinds of hypotensors and drugs relieving chest pain of angina pectoris were strictly prohibited. Puerarin was intravenously given, 500 mg daily for 7 days, which was considered as a therapeutic course. Besides relieving of chest pain, decreasing of heart rate and reduction of blood pressure clinically, it was also found that plasma 6-K-PGFl alpha concentrations were significantly elevated from 38.32 +/- 15.40 to 158. 79 +/- 98.62 pg (P less than 0.01) after administration of puerarin, but there was no significantly difference between plasma TXB2 concentrations before and after administering the drug. In addition, serum HDL was apparently enhanced as compared with that before the administration of puerarin (P less than 0.01). The results indicated that puerarin has the function of anti-angina, reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and diminishing myocardial oxygen consumption.

Subtypes of HLA-A1 defined on the basis of CTL precursor frequencies

Recently we have shown that limiting dilution analysis can be used to detect cytotoxic T-cell precursor frequencies directed against individual HLA class I antigens. Using the same protocol, we have been able to define two subtypes of HLA-A1, which are indistinguishable by conventional typing sera as well as by cell-mediated lympholysis. One-dimensional isoelectric focusing analysis of the variants did not show any overall charge differences. However, family studies indicated that these HLA-A1 subtypes are genetically determined and can be distinguished on the bases of T-cell precursor frequencies in HLA-A1-negative blood donors.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (preliminary experience of 6 cases)]

Preliminary experience of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 6 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is described in this article. MRI can provided pertinent pathoanatomic information of this entity and it is of definite value in the diagnostic evaluation of HCM. The relative value of different imaging techniques (such as echocardiography, CT and angiography, etc) in the diagnosis of HCM are also briefly discussed.

A model for urbanizing rural population and development measures: survey of a large specialized market in Xiliu town, Liaoning province

The authors present an urbanization model using the example of Xiliu town in Liaoning province, China. Xiliu has developed from a rural commune into a large-scale clothing market during the period since 1979. "The purpose...is to show, by means of a survey conducted in the town, the characteristics and formative factors of the model and to discuss the prospect of and measures for furthering this development."

[Immunohistochemical analysis of HLA class I antigens of the hepatocyte membrane in hepatitis B virus carriers]

HLA class I antigens on hepatocyte membrane were studied in liver biopsies from 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection by using immunoenzyme technique. The results revealed that the density of HLA class I antigens displayed on hepatocyte membrane in HBeAg positive carriers with minor hepatic inflammatory activity (the high replicative phase) was lower than that in patients with chronic active liver diseases (the low replicative phase) (P less than 0.005), but higher than that in patients with anti-HBe positivity and minor hepatic inflammatory activity (the nonreplicative phase) (P less than 0.05). In a follow-up of 21 HBeAg positive chronic HBV carriers, we found that five of the seven cases with high-density HLA class I antigens showed display of antigens on hepatocyte membrane, whereas only one of the 14 cases with lowdensity antigens were seroconverted from HBe antigen to antibody within one year. These findings suggest that the display on HLA class I antigens on hepatocyte membrane is enhanced and the cytotoxic T lymphacytes can recognize and lyze the infected hepatocytes.

In situ nucleoprotein structure at the SV40 major late promoter: melted and wrapped DNA flank the start site

New in situ probing methods have been developed and used to probe the nucleoprotein structures at the SV40 major late promoter in infected monkey cells. The region that contains the three proximal transcription elements was probed with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease in transcriptionally active, permeabilized cells, and with the single-strand selective reagent KMnO4 in intact cells. The downstream element is included in a region of enhanced DNase I reactivity at 10- to 11-bp intervals for approximately 140 bp, presumably because of DNA wrapping around a specifically positioned nucleosome particle. The two other proximal DNA elements appear to be mostly melted, with a protecting factor bound primarily to the template DNA strand. The protecting factor directly borders the wrapped particle. These observations provide an initial description of parts of the biological transcription machinery and suggest that the SV40 major late promoter elements are part of a higher order nucleoprotein complex that involves wrapped and melted DNA.

[Solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for determination of plasma catecholamines]

This paper describes a technique for selectively extracting plasma catecholamines prior to quantification by HPLC-EC. The extraction system was a two-stage process. The first stage involve the complex formation between diphenylbrorate and catechol (diol) groups in alkaline medium. The second stage was a liquid-liquid extraction. The complex combined with tetraoctylammonium bromide to form an ion-pair formation into organic solvent. The catecholamines in turn was extracted with acid. This technique provided a very specific extraction procedure which resulted in chromatograms with few interfering compounds and gave absolute recoveries (100-103%) of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. Meanwhile, the plasma catecholamines were concentrated and the detective sensitivity was increased. A good linear relationship was found between the concentrations and ratio of peak heights of the catecholamines from 0.125-2 ng. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.998-0.999. The coefficients of variation of the intra- and inter-assay were within 3 and 6% respectively. The results show that the procedure is very simple and fast. The method is valuable not only for clinical diagnosis but also for laboratory research.

Central neurotensin inhibits gastric acid secretion: an adrenergic mechanism in rats

Although parenteral neurotensin (NT) inhibits stimulated gastric acid secretion, published reports on the effect of centrally administered NT on gastric acid secretion are conflicting. This study provides evidence suggesting that, in chronic gastric fistula rats, intracerebroventricularly administered NT (15-60 micrograms) significantly reduces both basal and pentagastrin-, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-, and carbachol-but not histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Using radioimmunoassay, the concentration of plasma immunoreactive NT increased from 30 to 200 pg/ml at 30 and 60 min, respectively after a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NT at a dose of 60 micrograms. These serum NT concentrations can be reproduced by a constant NT i.v. infusion at 2 micrograms/kg.h. This parenteral infusion dose does not inhibit acid secretion as does i.c.v. NT. Pretreatment with the i.c.v. dopamine-2 receptor antagonists haloperidol or domperidone totally abolishes the inhibitory effect of i.c.v. NT on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. In contrast, pretreatment with the specific dopamine-1 receptor antagonist SCH 23900 or the specific dopamine-2 receptor antagonist sulpiride does not affect i.c.v. NT-induced inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Pretreatment (intracerebroventricularly) with the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine blocks the antisecretory effect of i.c.v. NT. Administration of 3.0 micrograms NT per side directly into nucleus accumbens (NACB), using a stereotaxic technique, significantly reduces basal gastric acid secretion. This effect of central NT is blocked by pretreatment with intra-NACB haloperidol (0.5 microgram per side). These findings suggest that NT acts centrally to inhibit gastric acid secretion, an effect that may occur within NACB and be mediated by central nervous system alpha-adrenergic receptor activation.

Increase of donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors after transfusion

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequencies were determined in the blood of 10 patients before and after transfusion. The male patients were selected from those on the waiting list for a heart or kidney transplantation, who had received no previous blood transfusions and had no panel-reactive antibodies. Both the limiting dilution curves obtained before as well as after transfusion were linear and applied to zero-order kinetics, indicating that only cytotoxic T cells were limiting in the assay. In 9 out of 10 patients CTLp frequencies against the blood donor antigens significantly increased (up to 107 times) compared to the CTLp frequencies measured before transplantation. The CTLp frequencies against controls, sharing no HLA antigens with the blood transfusion donor, were only slightly increased (up to 5 times) in 7 patients and decreased in 3.

[CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal masses]

Fine needle aspiration biopsy were made under CT guidance of 50 cases of intra-abdominal masses, including liver in 37 cases, kidney in 6, pancreas and spleen in 1 respectively, and 5 biopsies were made of tumors of the abdominal cavity. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 92%, and the accuracy for malignancies was 84.6%. No complications occurred related to the procedure. The relevant factors for precise biopsy safety and the therapeutic value of this technique were discussed. It was concluded that CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is precise in localization, it is a safe approach yielding satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.

[Effects of guan-fu base A on fast response action potentials of papillary muscles of guinea pigs]

Guan-fu base A is a new alkaloid first isolated from the tuber of Aconitum coreanum in China. The electrophysiological effects of guan-fu base A were examined on the isolated papillary muscles of guinea pigs by glass-microelectrode technique coupled with microcomputer real-time analysis. Guan-fu base A 50 micrograms/ml had less effect on RP, but markedly decreased Vmax and APA of the fast response action potentials. The action potential duration was shortened at all voltage levels and plateau height was lowered. ERP was prolonged relatively and activation voltage became more negative. The inhibition of guan-fu base A on Vmax showed frequency dependent effects. The above results suggested that guan-fu base A could block the fast Na+ channels and exhibited anti-arrhythmic action.

Acute and chronic effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on schedule-controlled responding and neurochemistry of pigeons

Key pecking by pigeons was maintained under various schedules of food presentation. Acute i.c.v. administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (3.0-30.0 micrograms/kg) decreased responding in both components of a multiple 3-min fixed-interval, 30-response fixed-ratio schedule and under a multiple fixed-ratio schedule in which responding during one component was punished by shock delivery. The rate-decreasing effects of intermediate doses of CRF were blocked by the CRF antagonist alpha-helical CRF9-41 under the multiple fixed-internal fixed-ratio schedule, with 10.0 micrograms/kg of the antagonist producing a more complete reversal than 30.0 micrograms/kg. The rate-reducing effects of 10.0 and 30.0 micrograms/kg of CRF disappeared rapidly when CRF was administered daily, with complete restoration of responding occurring by the 4th day of chronic administration. Acute effects were recovered when CRF administration was discontinued for 7 to 14 days. Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid revealed that behaviorally active doses of CRF produced large, dose-dependent increases in levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and in the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid; smaller increases also occurred in the levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, the metabolite of norepinephrine. Chronic administration of 30 micrograms/kg of CRF for a 4-day period did not reveal any change in metabolite levels when compared to those obtained after acute administration, with the exception of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol which approached control levels after chronic CRF. These results indicate that, as is the case with mammals, CRF has potent behavioral and neurochemical activity in avian species and that tolerance occurs rapidly to the behavioral effects.

[Cellular DNA content of human cervical carcinoma]

Microspectrophotometric measurement of the cellular DNA content of 73 cervical carcinoma specimens was carried out. The tumor was diploid in 7 cases, tetraploid in 2 and aneuploid in 64. The cases could be divided into hyperploid and hypoploid groups using the DNA index of 1.5 as demarcation. The DNA content was found to be closely related to the histologic types and mitotic figures of the tumors. Hyperploidy was more frequently seen in large-cell carcinoma and hypoploidy in small-cell varieties.

Generation of an antibody with a designed specificity difference for protein C and activated protein C

Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide, NH2-Asp-Thr-Asn-Gln-Val-Asp-Gln-Lys-Asp-Gln-Leu-Asp-Phe-Arg-CONH2 (A Pep), have been produced. This sequence is identical to that contained in the tetradecapeptide released from bovine protein C (PC) as a result of its conversion to its activated form (APC), except that Phe13 replaced the normal Pro13, in order to discourage cross-reactivity of antibodies to the carboxylterminal portion of APep with PC. The antibody pool obtained reacted with PC and showed virtually no cross-reactivity toward either APC or several typical plasma proteins. This general approach should serve well as a means of production of antibodies with a designed specificity capable of distinguishing between forms of the same protein that arise by release of peptide material.