101
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Cheng L, Li Y, Zuo Y, Li J, Wang H. Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 6 scaffold as potential tissue engineered bone substitutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307508x362837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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102
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Xu Z, Peng F, Yu Z, Zuo Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Hu X, Zhou Q, Bao Y, Chen M. 32P PIGMENT EPITHELIUM-DERIVED FACTOR ENHANCES TUMOR RESPONSE TO RADIATION BY NORMALIZING VASCULATURE IN A XENOGRAFTED MODEL OF LUNG CANCER. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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103
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Xu Z, Zuo Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Peng F, Chen Y, Hu X, Bao Y, Chen M. 10P OVEREXPRESSION OF REGULATOR OF G-PROTEIN SIGNALING 5 REDUCES THE SURVIVAL RATE AND ENHANCES THE RADIATION RESPONSE OF HUMAN LUNG CANCER CELLS. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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104
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Zang Y, Li L, Zuo Y, Lin H, Li G, Guan X. Facile synthesis of composite g-C3N4/WO3: a nontoxic photocatalyst with excellent catalytic activity under visible light. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41982g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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105
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Guo M, Li L, Lin H, Zuo Y, Huang X, Li G. Targeted deposition of ZnO2 on brookite TiO2 nanorods towards high photocatalytic activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11752-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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106
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Wiley KE, Zuo Y, Macartney KK, McIntyre PB. Sources of pertussis infection in young infants: a review of key evidence informing targeting of the cocoon strategy. Vaccine 2012. [PMID: 23200883 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative contribution of different categories of contact in transmitting pertussis to very young infants, who experience the most severe morbidity, is the most important single factor determining the likely benefit of pertussis vaccination of their close contacts (the "cocooning" strategy). OBJECTIVE To identify, evaluate the quality of and summarise existing data on potential sources of infant pertussis infection in high income countries, focussing on infants under 6 months old. DATA SOURCES Online databases MEDLINE and EMBASE. Additional studies were identified from the reference lists of relevant articles. Study selection and analysis: Study quality was evaluated by standardised criteria, based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. Pooled estimates of the proportion of pertussis cases attributable to various contact sources were calculated using data from the highest quality studies. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria; seven included data on contacts of hospitalised infants less than 6 months old. Case definitions and methods of contact ascertainment were variable. Most identified sources were from the household, of which 39% (95%CI 33-45%) were mothers, 16% (95%CI 12-21%) fathers, and 5% (95%CI 2-10%) grandparents. Estimates for siblings (16-43%) and non-household contacts (4-22%) were more heterogeneous. For 32-52% of infant cases, no source was identified. Asymptomatic pertussis infection was found in 8-13% of contacts evaluated. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the greatest potential impact of pertussis vaccination of adults to prevent severe disease in young infants comes from vaccinating mothers, followed by fathers, with grandparents having a minor role. Siblings varied in importance and, given recent data regarding waning immunity in vaccinated children, need further study. Non-household sources are also well documented, highlighting the potential limitations of the cocoon strategy to prevent severe infant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Wiley
- The National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145 Australia.
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107
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Ning G, Xiao X, Lv H, Li X, Zuo Y, Bao M. Shortening tobacco life cycle accelerates functional gene identification in genomic research. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2012; 14:934-43. [PMID: 23107371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Definitive allocation of function requires the introduction of genetic mutations and analysis of their phenotypic consequences. Novel, rapid and convenient techniques or materials are very important and useful to accelerate gene identification in functional genomics research. Here, over-expression of PmFT (Prunus mume), a novel FT orthologue, and PtFT (Populus tremula) lead to shortening of the tobacco life cycle. A series of novel short life cycle stable tobacco lines (30-50 days) were developed through repeated self-crossing selection breeding. Based on the second transformation via a gusA reporter gene, the promoter from BpFULL1 in silver birch (Betula pendula) and the gene (CPC) from Arabidopsis thaliana were effectively tested using short life cycle tobacco lines. Comparative analysis among wild type, short life cycle tobacco and Arabidopsis transformation system verified that it is optional to accelerate functional gene studies by shortening host plant material life cycle, at least in these short life cycle tobacco lines. The results verified that the novel short life cycle transgenic tobacco lines not only combine the advantages of economic nursery requirements and a simple transformation system, but also provide a robust, effective and stable host system to accelerate gene analysis. Thus, shortening tobacco life cycle strategy is feasible to accelerate heterologous or homologous functional gene identification in genomic research.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Betula/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crosses, Genetic
- Flowers/genetics
- Flowers/growth & development
- Flowers/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Reporter
- Genomics/methods
- Inbreeding
- Phenotype
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plasmids/genetics
- Populus/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/metabolism
- Prunus/genetics
- Prunus/metabolism
- Self-Fertilization
- Species Specificity
- Time Factors
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/growth & development
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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108
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Gao Y, Jin M, Cong X, Duan Z, Li HY, Guo X, Zuo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wei L. Clinical and molecular epidemiologic analyses of norovirus-associated sporadic gastroenteritis in adults from Beijing, China. J Med Virol 2012; 83:1078-85. [PMID: 21503924 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis. The molecular epidemiology of NoV infections in China has not been well characterized. To study the incidence of NoV infections and the nature of the circulating NoV genotypes, 403 specimens were collected from adult outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing, China, between October 2007 and September 2008. Samples were examined for NoV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequences corresponding to both the NoV polymerase and capsid regions were characterized. Among the 403 specimens, 48 (11.9%) were positive for NoV and 1/3 NoV-associated gastroenteritis cases occurred during the colder months (November and December). Based on polymerase region sequences, 6 NoV genotypes (GII-4, GII-b, GII-6, GI-2, GI-3, and GI-4) were identified with GII-4 2006b being the most predominant genotype (37/48, 77.1%). Eleven distinct genotype sequences in polymerase and capsid regions were identified, indicating a genetic diversity among NoV isolates. This study suggested NoVs were an important pathogen responsible for sporadic acute gastroenteritis in adults in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.
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109
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Zuo Y, Shen Z. High Expression of Bap1 is Biomarker of Better Prognostic in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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110
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Sun H, Wei L, Zuo Y, Wu Y. Effective separation and simultaneous detection of gatifloxacin, aminomethylbenzoic acid, cefazolin and cefminox in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. JICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03246561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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111
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Xu D, Zhao HW, Huang CZ, Wu LP, Pu WD, Zheng JJ, Zuo Y. Sensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles stabilized by riboflavin. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:3006-3010. [PMID: 22849058 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be stabilized by riboflavin against tris buffer-induced aggregation. However, in the presence of mercury (II) (Hg2+), riboflavin can be released from the AuNPs surface and the riboflavin-Hg2+ complex formed, leading to the aggregation of AuNPs in tris buffer. The aggregation extent depends on the concentration of Hg2+. Based on the aggregation extent, a simple and sensitive method of determining Hg2+ is developed. The method enables the detection of Hg2+ over the concentration range of 0.02-0.8 microM, with a detection limit (3sigma) of 14 nM, and shows excellent selectivity for Hg2+ over other metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Ce3+, Ca2+, Al3+, K+). More importantly, the method avoids complicated surface modifications and tedious separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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112
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Ribecco C, Baker ME, Šášik R, Zuo Y, Hardiman G, Carnevali O. Biological effects of marine contaminated sediments on Sparus aurata juveniles. Aquat Toxicol 2011; 104:308-316. [PMID: 21658360 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of the compounds present in sediment, although informative, often is not indicative of the downstream biological effects that these contaminants exert on resident aquatic organisms. More direct molecular methods are needed to determine if marine life is affected by exposure to sediments. In this study, we used an aquatic multi-species microarray and q-PCR to investigate the effects on gene expression in juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata) of two contaminated sediments defined as sediment 1 and 2, respectively, from marine areas in Northern Italy. Both sediments affected gene expression as evidenced by aquatic multi-species microarray analysis and q-PCR. Exposure of S. aurata juveniles to sediment 1 and sediment 2 altered expression of genes that are biomarkers for endocrine disruption. There were differences between the effects of sediment 1 and sediment 2 on gene expression in S. aurata juveniles indicating that the chemicals in the two sediments had different physiological targets. These results suggest that the classification of sediment solely on the basis of specific chemical profiles is inadequate, and not a true indicator of its potential to cause harmful effects. Our data also indicate that integration of physiochemical analysis and bioassays for monitoring the downstream harmful effects on aquatic organisms are required to gain a complete understanding of the effects of sediment on aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ribecco
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Mare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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113
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Zuo Y, Zhao HW, Huang CZ, Zhang Q. Sensitive and selective detection of copper ions based on the aggregation of chitosan-stablized silver nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:5007-5011. [PMID: 21770135 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we present a simple and sensitive method for detecting Cu2+ based on the Cu(2+)-induced aggregation of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) capped with chitosan. Chitosan could be adsorbed on the surface of AgNPs, and keep AgNPs against aggregation. However, in the presence of Cu2+, AgNPs aggregate again, the absorption decreases, and the color changes from yellow to colorless, which is due to the coordination of Cu2+ and chitosan. The depressed intensity (deltaA) is in proportion to the concentration of Cu2+ over the range of 3.33-40.0 microM with the limit of detection (3sigma) of 10.25 nM, the recovery of 92.60-104.20% and R.S.D. of 0.94-4.62%. The advantages of this method are simple, sensitive and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Southwest University, Chongqing 400718, PR China
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114
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Yang S, Wu J, Zuo Y, Tan L, Jia H, Yan H, Zhu X, Zeng M, Ma J, Huang W. ZD6474, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, potentiates the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of radiation for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 10:611-22. [PMID: 20491619 DOI: 10.2174/156800910791859506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the capacity for ZD6474, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to enhance anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of radiation on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NPC cell lines and xenograft models were evaluated following treatment with ZD6474 and radiation alone and in combination compared with untreated control mice. RESULTS Treatment with ZD6474 enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of radiation on NPC cell lines as detected by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. ZD6474 also induced a significant increase in the radiosensitivity of NPC cells, with radiation enhancement ratios (RERs) ranging from 1.2 to 1.6. Despite the cytotoxicity exhibited by NPC cells following radiotherapy, the invasion and migration of NPC cells was found to be unaffected. In contrast, treatment with ZD6474 strongly inhibited the invasion and migration of NPC cells. When the administration of radiation and ZD6474 was investigated in vitro, the ability of ZD6474 to inhibit activation of the pro-survival signaling pathways induced by radiation was demonstrated. In vivo, ZD6474 significantly enhanced the anti-metastasis effects of radiation, while treatment with radiation and ZD6474 was found to be well tolerated and resulted in a strong inhibition of tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the combination of radiation and ZD6474 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
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115
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Abstract
Tubular cathodes provide a method to obtain high surface areas for scaling up microbial fuel cells (MFCs), but the importance of the cathode shape is not known. We therefore examined power production using cathodes in various configurations (tubes or flat). The MFC with a single internal carbon cloth tube cathode (71 W/m(3)) produced more power than previously obtained with an ultrafiltration membrane (8 W/m(3)) due to the better performance of carbon material. This power density was slightly less than that of a flat carbon cloth cathode (81 W/m(3); 88 m(2)/m(3)) due to the lower total surface area of the tube (68 m(2)/m(3)) and not as a result of the tubular cathode shape. Adding a second tube increased power (83 W/m(3)) in proportion to specific surface area (93 m(2)/m(3)). Wrapping the cathode completely around the anode formed a fully tubular MFC (external tubular reactor) with a higher surface area that produced 128 W/m(3). Volumetric power density was highly correlated with cathode specific surface area (R(2) = 0.93, p = 0.008) and did not depend on the cathode shape (tubes, completely tubular, or flat). Thus, future MFC designs should focus on increasing cathode specific surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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116
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Abstract
When samples of rain and fog water were exposed to ultraviolet and visible light, reactive transients such as hydrogen peroxide were formed and dissolved organic matter and sulfur dioxide were depleted. These results, in conjunction with those from previous studies, imply that dissolved organic compounds and transition metals such as iron ions are involved in the photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide and other photooxidants in atmospheric waters.
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117
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Yang S, Wu J, Zuo Y, Tan L, Jia H, Yan H, Zhu X, Zeng M, Ma J, Huang W. ZD6474, a Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Potentiates the Anti-Tumor and Anti-Metastasis Effects of Radiation for Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1568210204916190096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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118
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Qin F, Zhu SM, Zheng H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Chen J, Sun WL, Wang YP. [Establishment and identification of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line stably expressing the alpha1, 3-galaetosyltransferase gene from pig]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2010; 41:194-207. [PMID: 20506633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a human lung adenocarcinoma cell subline A549 that can stably express the Chinese Banna minipig inbred-line (BMI) alpha1 ,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1 ,3GT) gene and alpha-galactosyl (Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-R, alpha-gal) epitopic, providing a cell model which expressed xenotransplantation antigens for the further research on the effect of complement dependent cytotoxic lysis of the tumor cells triggered by human natural serum. METHODS The pEGFP-CMV-GT plasmid containing Banna minipig alpha1 ,3-GT gene was ransfected into A549 cells with lipofectin in vitro. After screened with G418,the single clones were got out and then amplified, the stable transfected cells was named A549-GT. The transcription of alpha1, 3-GT gene in A549-GT cells was detected by RT-PCR. Direct immunofluonrescence methods and flow cytometer were performed to observe the expression of alpha-gal and the binding conditions of IgM and complement C3 in human serum on A549-GT cells. The biological characters of A549-GT cells including morphology, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were also examined. RESULTS After G418 screening, A549-GT that stablely transfected with alpha1, 3-GT gene was obtained and has been passaged for 2 years. The expression of alpha1,3-GT mRNA and alpha-gal was detected continuously and stably in A549-GT. The expression rate of alpha-gal positive cells reached 80.1% +/- 3.2%. The binding of human serum IgM and C3 in human serum on A549-GT cells were founded. Compared with parental A549 cells, its biological characteristics did not change. CONCLUSION A549-GT cell line stably and continuously expressing alpha1, 3-GT and alpha-gal was established successfully. It provided a useful cell model for the further study of pig alpha1,3-GT gene in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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119
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Li L, Chen J, Wang B, Yao Y, Zuo Y. Sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) associated with neurological diseases recognized BP antigen 1 in the skin and brain. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:1343-5. [PMID: 19416254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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120
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Wei W, Zuo Y, Hu Y, Wang L, Jia L, Zhang J. Heparin inhibits P388D1 cells adherence and metastasis to peripheral lymph nodes in vitro and in vivo. Lymphology 2009; 42:10-18. [PMID: 19499763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is known to attenuate tumor metastasis mainly by inhibiting the interaction between L-selectin and its ligand. However, the mechanism of heparin on lymphoma is unclear. This report demonstrates that both L-selectin/h IgG chimeric protein and heparin treatment can significantly inhibit the adhesion of P388D1 cells onto lymphatic sinusoids and marginal sinusoids in vitro, that heparin can attenuate P388D1 cell homing to lymph nodes in vivo at 12 hours, and that heparin significantly reduced P388D1 cells metastasis to lymph nodes 18 days after injection. These results indicate that heparin may act as a ligand for L-selectin on the P388D1 macrophage-like lymphoma cell line to attenuate tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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121
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Guo XL, Wang DC, Zhang YM, Wang XM, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Zhang DM, Kan B, Wei L, Gao Y. [Isolation, identification and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis of Klebsiella pneumonia from diarrhea specimens]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2008; 29:1225-1229. [PMID: 19173969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA genetic sequence evolution of strains isolated from diarrhea specimens so as to provide basis for classification and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS Specimens were cultured using MacConkey and SS medium. All isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae by automated biochemical tests. DNA was extracted, 1500 bp fragments of the 16S rDNA gene were by amplified PCR and sequenced with K. pneumoniae 16S rDNA primer, after being cut. Fragments of 1000 bp overlapping sequences were analyzed by Blast to confirm the identity of the isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by PHYLIP process to analyze the 16S rDNA sequence of the isolated strain with other relative bacteria species in the GenBank databases. RESULTS Among 113 specimens of infectious diarrhea, 25 K. pneumoniae strains were identified by biochemical tests, of which 21 subsp. pneumoniae and 4 subsp. ozaenae, no subsp. of rhinoscleroma were isolated. Strains of subsp. pneumoniae were found having nature of resistance. All isolates were resistant to penicillin G and susceptible to polymyxin with some strains were resistant to Nitrofurantoin, Cephalothin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin. After searching in GenBank of 16S rDNA, strains biochemical identified as subsp. ozaenae shared high similarity with Salmonella strains and other intestinal bacteria. 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis could be used to confirm subsp. pneumoniae, but could not separate other subspecies of K. pneumoniae completely. CONCLUSION 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis useful in identifying and classifying K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-lin Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
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Zuo Y, Zhuang DZ, Han R, Isaac G, Tobin JJ, McKee M, Welti R, Brissette JL, Fitzgerald ML, Freeman MW. ABCA12 maintains the epidermal lipid permeability barrier by facilitating formation of ceramide linoleic esters. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:36624-35. [PMID: 18957418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807377200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis is a congenital scaling syndrome of the skin in which affected infants have epidermal hyperkeratosis and a defective permeability barrier. Mutations in the gene encoding a member of the ABCA transporter family, ABCA12, have been linked to harlequin ichthyosis, but the molecular function of the protein is unknown. To investigate the activity of ABCA12, we generated Abca12 null mice and analyzed the impact on skin function and lipid content. Abca12-/- mice are born with a thickened epidermis and die shortly after birth, as water rapidly evaporates from their skin. In vivo skin proliferation measurements suggest a lack of desquamation of the skin cells, rather than enhanced proliferation of basal layer keratinocytes, accounts for the 5-fold thickening of the Abca12-/- stratum corneum. Electron microscopy revealed a loss of the lamellar permeability barrier in Abca12-/- skin. This was associated with a profound reduction in skin linoleic esters of long-chain omega-hydroxyceramides and a corresponding increase in their glucosyl ceramide precursors. Because omega-hydroxyceramides are required for the barrier function of the skin, these results establish that ABCA12 activity is required for the generation of long-chain ceramide esters that are essential for the development of normal skin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zuo
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Lee KF, Tam YT, Zuo Y, Cheong AW, Pang RT, Lee NP, Shum CK, Tam PC, Cheung AN, Yang ZM, Yeung WS, Luk JM. Characterization of an acrosome protein VAD1.2/AEP2 which is differentially expressed in spermatogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 14:465-74. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gan041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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124
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Abstract
Two-stage design is a cost effective approach for identifying disease genes in genetic studies and it has received much attention recently. In general, there are two types of two-stage designs that differ on the methods and samples used to measure allele frequencies in the first stage: (1) Individual genotyping is used in the first stage; (2) DNA pooling is used in the first stage. In this paper, we focus on the latter. Zuo et al. (2006) investigated statistical power of such a design, among other things, but the cost of the study was not taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal design under the given overall cost. We investigate how to allocate the resources to the two stages. Note that in addition to the measurement errors associated with DNA pooling, genotyping errors are also unavoidable with individual genotyping. Therefore, we discuss the optimal design combining genotyping errors associated with individual genotyping. The joint statistical distributions of test statistics in the first and second stages are derived. For a fixed cost, our results show that the optimal design requires no additional samples in the second stage but only that the samples in the first stage be re-used. When the second stage uses an entirely independent sample, however, the optimal design under a given cost depends on the population allele frequency and allele frequency difference between the case and control groups. For the current genotyping costs, we can roughly allocate 1/3 to 1/2 of the total sample size to the first stage for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Zuo Y, Ren L, Zhang F, Jiang RF. Bicarbonate concentration as affected by soil water content controls iron nutrition of peanut plants in a calcareous soil. Plant Physiol Biochem 2007; 45:357-64. [PMID: 17468004 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Strategy I peanut plants are frequently subjected to iron deficiency when growing in calcareous soils, which contain high concentrations of bicarbonate. In calcareous soils under field conditions, it has been noted that chlorosis increases in severity after excessive rainfall or irrigation, but the chlorosis symptoms of peanuts are alleviated after waterlogged soils dry. A pot experiment was conducted simulating the chlorosis symptom observed in the field when peanut plants are exposed to fluctuating soil water content induced from rainfall or irrigation. We investigated the bicarbonate fluctuations resulting from adjustable soil water content (SWC) that could lead to bicarbonate-induced iron chlorosis of peanuts growing in calcareous soil. The experiments included three treatments of SWC (50% of water holding capacity (WHC), 80% of WHC, and 100% of WHC) under two levels of CaCO(3) concentrations (at 8.67% and 18.67%.) The results showed that the iron nutrition of peanuts could be regulated by different SWC at both CaCO(3) levels. Our observations indicate that iron deficiency chlorosis symptoms in peanuts grown in high soil water content were more severe, compared to those of peanuts in lower soil water content. A shift from high soil water content to lower soil water content could improve or eliminate the iron deficiency chlorosis symptom of peanuts. The HCO(3)(-) concentration in the peanut rhizosphere increased with increasing SWC and CaCO(3) content and it correlated with the level of soil water content. We suggest that variations in the soil water content could induce HCO(3)(-) concentration variation in the rhizosphere of peanuts. Consequently, the high HCO(3)(-) concentration, which is induced by a high water content in calcareous soil and a high CaCO(3) level, could inhibit the physiological response to iron deficiency of peanuts, resulting in iron deficiency chlorosis. The study indicates that a reasonable agricultural practice of irrigation and drainage should be considered to improve and prevent iron deficiency chlorosis of strategy I plants in calcareous soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, MOA, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Beijing 100094, China
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Zuo Y, Wei W, Liu C, Zhao L, Wang L, Zhang J. Silencing L-selectin expression by siRNA attenuated metastasis of murine lymphoid neoplasm cell P388D1 to peripheral lymph nodes. Leukemia 2006; 21:180-3. [PMID: 17096011 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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127
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Abstract
Studies have demonstrated cross talk between beta-catenin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) signaling pathways. Specifically, activation of PPARgamma induces the proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin in cells that express an adenomatous polyposis coli-containing destruction complex. In contrast, oncogenic beta-catenin is resistant to such degradation and inhibits the expression of PPARgamma target genes. In the present studies, we demonstrate a functional interaction between beta-catenin and PPARgamma that involves the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphocyte enhancer factor (LEF) binding domain of beta-catenin and a catenin binding domain (CBD) within PPARgamma. Mutation of K312 and K435 in the TCF/LEF binding domain of an oncogenic beta-catenin (S37A) significantly reduces its ability to interact with and inhibit the activity of PPARgamma. Furthermore, these mutations render S37A beta-catenin susceptible to proteasomal degradation in response to activation of PPARgamma. Mutation of F372 within the CBD (helices 7 and 8) of PPARgamma disrupts its binding to beta-catenin and significantly reduces the ability of PPARgamma to induce the proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin. We suggest that in normal cells, PPARgamma can function to suppress tumorigenesis and/or Wnt signaling by targeting phosphorylated beta-catenin to the proteasome through a process involving its CBD. In contrast, oncogenic beta-catenin resists proteasomal degradation by inhibiting PPARgamma activity, which requires its TCF/LEF binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118.
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128
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Zuo Y, Qiang L, Farmer SR. Activation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) alpha expression by C/EBP beta during adipogenesis requires a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-associated repression of HDAC1 at the C/ebp alpha gene promoter. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:7960-7. [PMID: 16431920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510682200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) can stimulate adipogenesis in noncommitted fibroblasts by activating expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). Other investigations have established a role for C/EBP alpha as well as PPARgamma in orchestrating the complex program of adipogenic gene expression during terminal preadipocyte differentiation. Consequently, it is important to identify factors regulating transcription of the C/ebp alpha gene. In this study, we demonstrated that inhibition of PPARgamma activity by exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to a potent and selective PPARgamma antagonist inhibits adipogenesis but also blocks the activation of C/EBP alpha expression at the onset of differentiation. Ectopic expression of C/EBP beta in Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts (Swiss-LAP cells) induces PPARgamma expression without any significant enhancement of C/EBP alpha expression. Treatment of Swiss-LAP cells with a PPARgamma agonist induces adipogenesis, which includes activation of C/EBP alpha expression. To further establish a role for PPARgamma in regulating C/EBP alpha expression, we expressed C/EBP beta in PPARgamma-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The data show that C/EBP beta is capable of inducing PPARgamma in Ppar gamma+/- MEFs, which leads to activation of adipogenesis, including C/EBP alpha expression following exposure to a PPARgamma ligand. In contrast, C/EBP beta is not able to induce C/EBP alpha expression or adipogenesis in Ppar gamma-/- MEFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that C/EBP beta is bound to the minimal promoter of the C/ebp alpha gene in association with HDAC1 in unstimulated Swiss-LAP cells. Exposure of the cells to a PPARgamma ligand dislodges HDAC1 from the proximal promoter of the C/ebp alpha gene, which involves degradation of HDAC1 in the 26 S proteasome. These data suggest that C/EBP beta activates a single unified pathway of adipogenesis involving its stimulation of PPARgamma expression, which then activates C/EBP alpha expression by dislodging HDAC1 from the promoter for degradation in the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Edwards CA, Harris WC, Cook DR, Bedford KF, Zuo Y. Out of the Smokescreen: does an anti-smoking advertisement affect young women's perception of smoking in movies and their intention to smoke? Tob Control 2005; 13:277-82. [PMID: 15333884 PMCID: PMC1747895 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2003.005280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of an anti-smoking advertisement on young women's perceptions of smoking in movies and their intention to smoke. SUBJECTS/ SETTING: 2038 females aged 12-17 years attending cinemas in New South Wales, Australia. DESIGN/ INTERVENTION: Quasi-experimental study of patrons, who were surveyed after having viewed a movie at their local cinema. The control group was surveyed during week 1 and the intervention group, during week 2. Before seeing the movie in week 2, a 30 second anti-smoking advertisement was shown, which featured a well known female actor drawing attention to the prevalence of smoking in movies. OUTCOMES Attitude of current smokers and non-smokers to smoking in the movies; intention of current smokers and non-smokers to be smoking in 12 months time. RESULTS Among non-smokers, 48.2% of the intervention subjects thought that the smoking in the movie they viewed was "not OK" compared with 28.3% of the control subjects (p < 0.0001). However, there was no difference among smokers in the intervention (26.4%) and control (16.9%) groups (p = 0.28). A higher percentage of current smokers in the intervention group indicated they were unlikely to smoke in 12 months time (47.8%) than smokers in the control condition (31.9%) (p = 0.03). For non-smokers, there was no difference in smoking intentions between conditions, with 95% saying they would be unlikely to be smoking in 12 months time. CONCLUSIONS This "real world" study suggests that placing an anti-smoking advertisement before movies containing smoking scenes can help to "immunise" young women against the influences of film stars smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Edwards
- Health Promotion, Central Coast Health, PO Box 361, Gosford 2250, NSW, Australia.
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130
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Zuo J, Zuo Y, Zhang W, Chen J. Anaerobic bio-hydrogen production using pre-heated river sediments as seed sludge. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:31-9. [PMID: 16459774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic bio-hydrogen production is the focus in the field of bio-energy resources. In this paper, a series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of several factors on anaerobic bio-hydrogen producing process carried out by pre-heated river sediments. The results showed that several factors such as substrate and its concentration, temperature and the initial pH value could affect the anaerobic bio-hydrogen production in different levels. At 35 degrees C and the initial pH of 6.5, using glucose of 20,000 mg COD/L as substrate, the highest hydrogen production of 323.8 ml-H2/g TVS in a 100 ml batch reactor was reached, the specific hydrogen production rate was 37.7 ml-H2/g TVS h, and the hydrogen content was 51.2%. Thereafter using the same pre-heated river sediments as seed sludge, continuous anaerobic bio-hydrogen production was achieved successfully in a lab-scale CSTR with gas-separator. At the organic loading rate of 36 kg COD/m3 d, the highest hydrogen production was 6.3-6.7 l-H2/l-reactor d, the specific hydrogen production was 1.3-1.4 mol-H2/mol-glucose, and the hydrogen content in the gas was 52.3%. The effluent of the bio-reactor contained some small molecular organics, mainly including ethanol, acetate, butyrate and their molar proportion is 1:1:0.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Moldes M, Zuo Y, Morrison RF, Silva D, Park BH, Liu J, Farmer SR. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma suppresses Wnt/beta-catenin signalling during adipogenesis. Biochem J 2003; 376:607-13. [PMID: 12954078 PMCID: PMC1223802 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Revised: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/04/2003] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway appears to operate to maintain the undifferentiated state of preadipocytes by inhibiting adipogenic gene expression. To define the mechanisms regulating suppression of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, we analysed the beta-catenin expression in response to activation of transcription factors that regulate adipogenesis. The results show an extensive down-regulation of nuclear beta-catenin that occurs during the first few days of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and coincides with the induction of the adipogenic transcription factors, C/EBPbeta (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein) and PPARgamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor). To assess the role of each of these factors in this process, we conditionally overexpressed C/EBPbeta in Swiss mouse fibroblasts using the TET-off system. Abundant expression of C/EBPbeta alone had minimal effect on beta-catenin expression, whereas expression of C/EBPbeta, in the presence of dexamethasone, induced PPARgamma expression and caused a measurable decrease in beta-catenin. In addition, exposure of cells expressing both C/EBPbeta and PPARgamma to a potent PPARgamma ligand resulted in an even greater decrease in beta-catenin by mechanisms that involve the proteasome. Our studies also suggest a reciprocal relationship between PPARgamma activity and beta-catenin expression, since ectopic production of Wnt-1 in preadipocytes blocked the induction of PPARgamma gene expression. Moreover, by suppressing beta-catenin expression, ectopic expression of PPARgamma in Wnt-1-expressing preadipocytes rescued the block in adipogenesis after their exposure to the PPARgamma ligand, troglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Moldes
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 715 Albany Street, MA 02118, USA
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132
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Wang SY, Wang XL, Zeng H, Zuo Y, Hu N, Li XY, Huang F, Yu HL, Wang HY. [Early intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute cerebral infarction]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2003; 15:542-5. [PMID: 12971850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and to explore the most suitable dosage of rt-PA in the early treatment of the Chinese patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). METHODS The patients who suited for the standard were divided into three groups. Group A received rt-PA at 0.9 mg/kg, group B received rt-PA at 0.7 mg/kg, and group C did not receive any thrombolytic therapy. In thrombolytic groups, rt-PA at 8 mg was injected intravenously in a bolus at first and then the rest was given over 60 minutes. The maximal dosage was 90 mg. The Chinese stroke scale (CSS) and Barthel Index (BI) were used to evaluate the recovery of neurological functions after rt-PA treatment for 24 hours and 90 days. The hemorrhagic rate and 30 days mortality rate were also analysed. RESULTS In group A the CSS significant effective rate was 41.18 percent at 24 hours and 76.47 percent at 90 days after thrombolysis. At 90 days BI significant effective rate was 58.82 percent. At 30 days hemorrhagic rate was 8.82 percent and mortality rate was 5.88 percent. In group B, the CSS significant effective rate was 39.39 percent at 24 hours and 69.70 percent at 90 days. At 90 days, BI significant effective rate was 54.55 percent, and at 30 days, hemorrhagic rate was 9.09 percent and mortality rate was 9.09 percent. In group C, the CSS significant effective rate was 21.21 percent, at 24 hours and 30.30 percent at 90 days (P>0.05). At 90 days, BI was 21.21 percent the mortality rate was 9.09 percent. At 30 days the mortality rate was no significant difference within three groups At 90 days, significant effective rate was 73.13 percent vs. 30.30 percent in thrombolytic and control groups (P=0.001 7). The significant disability rate was 13.43 percent vs. 24.24 percent. CONCLUSION For Chinese individuals, with ACI, rt-PA thrombolysis was effective and safe. The dosage of 0.9 mg/kg for foreign people also fitted for Chinese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-yan Wang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing 100031, China
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133
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Chen X, Zuo Y, Zuo W. [Observation on the clinical symptoms and sporocyst excretion in human volunteers experimentally infected with Sarcocystis hominis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 17:25-7. [PMID: 12563811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the excretion of sporocysts and clinical manifestations in humans experimentally infected of Sarcocystis hominis. METHODS Three volunteers were infected by eating raw beef containing cysts of S. hominis. One ingested about 1,567 cysts in skeletal muscles of a naturally infected cattle; two volunteers each ingested about 14,740 cysts from an experimentally infected water buffalo meat. Fecal examination by zinc sulfate flotation method was conducted daily since d4 postinfection (pi). RESULTS Free sporocysts and oocysts were found in their faeces from d11-40, d12-23, d10-30 pi, and peaked at d18, d14, d14. All of them presented clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, distension, watery diarrhea and eosinophilia 1 wk approximately 4 wk pi and were spontaneously cured within 29 days pi without taking any medicine. CONCLUSION All the experimentally infected persons had gastrointestinal symptoms and passed sporocysts and oocysts in faeces 10-12 days after infection and persisted for 11-29 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Biology Department of Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
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134
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Zuo Y, Aistrup GL, Marszalec W, Gillespie A, Chavez-Noriega LE, Yeh JZ, Narahashi T. Dual action of n-alcohols on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:700-11. [PMID: 11562431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is known to modulate the activity of a variety of neuroreceptors and ion channels. Recently, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nnAChRs) have become a specific focus of study because not only are they potently modulated by alcohol but also they regulate the release of various transmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine, which play an important role in the behavioral effects of ethanol. Whereas the potency of normal alcohols (n-alcohols) to potentiate GABA(A) receptors and to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors increases with carbon chain length, we have found that n-alcohols, depending on the carbon chain length, exert a dual action, potentiation and inhibition, on nnAChRs in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. The mechanism of dual action of n-alcohols on nnAChRs was further analyzed using human embryonic kidney cells expressing the alpha 4 beta 2 subunits. Shorter chain alcohols from methanol to n-propanol potentiated acetylcholine (ACh)-induced currents, whereas longer chain alcohols from n-pentanol to n-dodecanol inhibited the currents. n-Butanol either potentiated or inhibited the currents depending on the concentrations of ACh and butanol. The parameters for both potentiation (log EC(200)) and inhibition (log IC(50)) were linearly related to carbon number, albeit with different slopes. The slope for potentiation was -0.299, indicating a change in free energy change (Delta Delta G) of 405 cal/mol/methylene group, whereas the slope for inhibition was -0.584, indicating a Delta Delta G of 792 cal/mol. These results suggest that potentiating and inhibitory actions are exerted through two different binding sites. Ethanol decreased the potency of n-octanol to inhibit ACh currents, possibly resulting from an allosteric mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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135
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Zang Z, Wang J, Zuo Y, Hu Y, Shi Y, Xu H. Squamous cell carcinoma in an ileal neobladder: a case report and review of the literature. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:1105-6. [PMID: 11677777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650101, China.
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136
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Chen H, Zuo Y, Deng Y. Separation and determination of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in cranberry juice by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 913:387-95. [PMID: 11355837 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A HPLC method was developed for the separation and determination of flavonoid and phenolic antioxidants in cranberry juices. Free flavonoid and phenolic compounds were fractionated into neutral and acidic groups by means of a solid-phase extraction method, followed by subsequent HPLC separations. Combined flavonoids and phenolics were hydrolyzed by acid before HPLC analysis. This developed method provides a fast and high resolution of individual flavonoid and phenolic compounds. In cranberry fruit, flavonoids and phenolic acids exist predominantly in combined forms, such as glycosides and esters. A total of 400 mg of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds/l of sample was found in a freshly squeezed cranberry juice, which was distributed as about 44% of phenolic acids and 56% of flavonoids. Benzoic acid was the major phenolic compound. Major flavonoids in the freshly squeezed cranberry juice were quercetin and myricetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, North Dartmouth 02747, USA
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Hu T, Meng X, Zuo Y, zhou X. [A study on bacterial contamination of dental handpieces]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 19:93-4, 98. [PMID: 12539420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different factors, including concentration of the bacterial suspension, number of stops set on handpieces, and different disinfectants, on bacterial contamination of handpieces and their clinical significance. METHODS Bacterial contamination of 20 handpieces were analyzed in different concentration of bacterial suspension, number of stops set on handpieces and after using different out surface disinfectants. RESULTS Statistical increment (P < 0.05) of handpieces inside contamination was observed relevant to increment of the bacterial suspension concentration. No statistical relevance was seen between handpiece inside contamination and the number of stops set on handpieces(P > 0.05). Disinfection with different disinfectants significantly decreased out surface contamination(P < 0.05), but no statistical change of bacteria (P > 0.05) was observed inside handpieces. CONCLUSION As the concentration of bacterial suspension is the key factor affecting the inside contamination of handpieces, oral cavity cleanness is essential before dental therapy. The surface disinfection of handpieces is necessary after dental therapy, but cannot prevent cross-contamination between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hu
- College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences
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138
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Mori T, Zhao X, Zuo Y, Aistrup GL, Nishikawa K, Marszalec W, Yeh JZ, Narahashi T. Modulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by halothane in rat cortical neurons. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 59:732-43. [PMID: 11259617 DOI: 10.1124/mol.59.4.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalational general anesthetics have recently been shown to inhibit neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nnAChRs) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in molluscan neurons. However, drug actions on these systems are not necessarily the same as those seen on native mammalian neurons. Thus, we analyzed the detailed mechanisms of action of halothane on nnAChRs using rat cortical neurons in long-term primary culture. Currents induced by applications of ACh via a U-tube system were recorded by the whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. ACh evoked two types of currents, alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive, fast desensitizing (alpha 7-type) currents and alpha-bungarotoxin-insensitive, slowly desensitizing (alpha 4 beta 2-type) currents. Halothane suppressed alpha 4 beta 2-type currents more than alpha 7-type currents with IC(50) values of 105 and 552 microM, respectively. Halothane shifted the ACh dose-response curve for the alpha 4 beta 2-type currents in the direction of lower ACh concentrations and slowed its apparent rate of desensitization. The rate of recovery after washout from halothane block was much faster than the rate of recovery from ACh desensitization. Thus, the halothane block was not caused by receptor desensitization. Chlorisondamine, an irreversible open channel blocker for nnAChRs, caused a time-dependent block that was attenuated by halothane. These results could be accounted for by kinetic simulation based on a model in which halothane causes flickering block of open channels, as seen in muscle nAChRs. Halothane block of nnAChRs is deemed to play an important role in anesthesia via a direct action on the receptor and an indirect action to suppress transmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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139
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Foley P, Zuo Y, Plunkett A, Marks R. The frequency of common skin conditions in preschool-age children in Australia: atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137:293-300. [PMID: 11255327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and severity of atopic dermatitis in a stratified cross-section of preschool-age children examined throughout Victoria, Australia. DESIGN A cross-sectional skin survey using a selected cluster sample of the various centers throughout Victoria. SETTING The study population included Victorian children attending child-care centers, preschools, and Maternal and Child Health Centres, with the reference population being Australian children aged 5 years and younger. PARTICIPANTS Of 1634 potential participants, 1116 children (68.3%) were examined. INTERVENTION A dermatologist performed a total skin examination, including head and neck, limbs, and trunk, on all children. The diaper area was examined in children younger than 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE All parents were administered a questionnaire to elicit demographic information, history of skin conditions, and family history of skin problems or related diseases. The examiner recorded the presence, site, and severity of atopic dermatitis for calculation of age- and sex-specific prevalence rates. RESULTS The age- and sex-adjusted point prevalence was 30.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.0%-33.5%). Most children (63.7%) were classified as having minimal or mild disease. Only 5.8% of children with atopic dermatitis did not have face or flexural involvement. Of the 237 children with atopic dermatitis and information available, 209 used 1 or more products to treat their condition. CONCLUSIONS Atopic dermatitis is common, decreasing in prevalence after the first 3 years of life. Most children have mild disease requiring little if any treatment, and much could be prevented with simple measures. Educational programs directed at those caring for preschool-age children that provide information on simple preventive measures, where practical, and sources of advice for treatment, if necessary, could substantially reduce the morbidity of this condition in predisposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Foley
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Exoribonucleases play an important role in all aspects of RNA metabolism. Biochemical and genetic analyses in recent years have identified many new RNases and it is now clear that a single cell can contain multiple enzymes of this class. Here, we analyze the structure and phylogenetic distribution of the known exoribonucleases. Based on extensive sequence analysis and on their catalytic properties, all of the exoribonucleases and their homologs have been grouped into six superfamilies and various subfamilies. We identify common motifs that can be used to characterize newly-discovered exoribonucleases, and based on these motifs we correct some previously misassigned proteins. This analysis may serve as a useful first step for developing a nomenclature for this group of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016129, Miami, FL 33101-6129, USA
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141
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Jin H, Wang J, Zuo Y. [Expression of c-jun, c-fos and MDM2 mRNA in cultured kerotinocytes through transfecting HPV16]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 81:171-3. [PMID: 11798871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of c-jun, c-fos and MDM2 mRNA in cultured kerotinocytes through transfecting HPV16. METHODS Keratinocytes were cultured in serum-free medium, and secondary cultures continued in a suitable time. Plasmid pSV(2)-neo/HPV16 was transfected into cultured kerotinocytes using FuGENE(TM)6. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect c-jun, c-fos and MDM2 mRNA in keratinocytes of normal and transfected keratinocytes. RESULTS After transfection, the morphology and structure of the keratinocytes were changed. The cells became larger and their nuclei became looser. There were particles in the cytoplasm. The expression of HPV16 mRNA was detected in the keratinocytes after transfecting pSV(2)-neo/HPV16 and the product was 110 bp fragment. The DNA fragment (7.9 kb) of HPV16 was also detected. In the transfected keratinocytes, the exprssions of c-jun, c-fos and MDM2 mRNA were detected and the products were 196 bp, 332 bp and 548 bp fragments, respectively. However, the above-mentioned expressions those were not detected in normal keratinocytes. CONCLUSION HPV leads to cell proliferation by expressing c-jun, c-fos and MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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142
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Schultz J, Lin Y, Sanderson J, Zuo Y, Stone D, Mallett R, Wilbert S, Axworthy D. A tetravalent single-chain antibody-streptavidin fusion protein for pretargeted lymphoma therapy. Cancer Res 2000; 60:6663-9. [PMID: 11118050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain Fv antibody fragments from the CD20-specific murine monoclonal antibody B9E9 were genetically engineered as streptavidin fusions [single-chain Fv-streptavidin (scFvSA) fusion protein] for use in pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. The scFvSA constructs were expressed as soluble, tetrameric species in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Expression levels were affected by the order of the variable regions and the length and composition of the single-chain Fv linker. The best expressor was obtained with the variable regions in the heavy chain-light chain configuration separated by a 25-mer Gly4Ser linker. This construct produced 250-300 mg of soluble, tetrameric fusion protein per liter of fermentor culture. The fusion protein (Mr 173,600) was purified from crude lysates by iminobiotin affinity chromatography with an overall yield of about 50% and was analyzed for functionality both in vitro and in vivo. Immunoreactivity of the scFvSA fusion protein and its nanomolar affinity to CD20-positive Ramos cells were comparable with the B9E9 monoclonal antibody. The fusion protein had a biotin dissociation rate identical to recombinant streptavidin and bound an average of 3.6 biotins/molecule of a possible 4 biotins/molecule. Labeled fusion protein cleared from the blood of BALB/c mice with a P half-life of about 16 h. In nude mice bearing Ramos xenografts, the fusion protein demonstrated sufficient tumor localization of functional streptavidin to enable efficient, tumor-specific targeting of a subsequently administered radionuclide-chelate/biotin molecule. These results suggest that large quantities of functional scFvSA can be produced for clinical testing as a therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/isolation & purification
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/metabolism
- Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/radiotherapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Engineering
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Streptavidin/genetics
- Streptavidin/isolation & purification
- Streptavidin/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schultz
- NeoRx Corporation, Molecular Biology Research, Seattle, Washington 98119-4007, USA
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143
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Zhang J, Song F, Zuo Y, Dai L, Huang D. [Identification of cry-type genes of 31 Bacillus thuringiensis isolates and analysis of their expression product]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2000; 40:372-8. [PMID: 12548957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cry-type gene of 31 isolates of Bt had been identified using PCR-RFLP identification system, and SDS-PAGE analysis and bioassay had been performed. 25 strains containing cry1 type gene express 130-150 kD protein and 16 of them contain cry1I gene, which codes 80 kD protein and is larvicidal to both lepidopteran and coleopteran species. 15 strains contain both cry1 and cry2 type gene; 10 strains contain unknown cry-type gene; 6 strains don't contain seven identified cry-type gene. Result of bioassay shows that the strains containing both cry1 and cry2 gene have high toxicity to lepidopteran order, 7 of them are strongly insecticidal to Pristiphora beijingensis and Lymantria dispar larvae; the strains containing cry1Ab + 1Ac + 2A or cry1Aa + 1Ac + 2A have high activity to Heliothis armigera; no cry gene, no activity. It is indicated that identification of cry-type gene and its analysis of SDS-PAGE protein can predict insecticidal activity of Bt isolates, and it is no pertinency between cry-type gene and serotype of Bt strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Inst. of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094
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144
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmalignant skin conditions are believed to be common in adults, although there are very few community-based studies to determine their exact frequency. OBJECTIVE To record the prevalence of common, nonmalignant skin conditions in adults in central Victoria, Australia. METHODS A total of 1457 respondents from a random selection of adults aged 20 years and over from Maryborough, central Victoria, were given a total body examination by a dermatologist or dermatology trainee. People with any nail or skin signs suggestive of tinea had scrapings taken for fungal culture. RESULTS The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of warts was 7.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.8-8.4%), acne 12.8% (95% CI, 11.0-14.5%), atopic dermatitis 6.9% (95% CI, 5.6-8.3%), seborrheic dermatitis 9. 7% (95% CI, 8.2-11.2%), asteatotic dermatitis 8.6% (95% CI, 7.1-10. 0%), psoriasis 6.6% (95% CI, 5.7-7.9%), culture-positive tinea 12% (95% CI, 10.3-13.6%), seborrheic keratoses 58.2% (95% CI, 55.6-60. 7%), and Campbell de Morgan spots (cherry angiomas) 54.4% (95% CI, 51.9-57.0%). There was variation in the prevalence of many of these conditions with age. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that nonmalignant skin conditions are common in adults in Australia. Their diagnosis and management represent a considerable burden not only to those suffering from the conditions, but also to the health system which provides for their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Plunkett
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital,Victoria, Australia
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145
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Abstract
RNase T is one of eight distinct 3'-->5' exoribonucleases present in Escherichia coli. The enzyme plays an important role in stable RNA metabolism, including tRNA end turnover and 3' maturation of most stable RNAs because it is the only RNase that can efficiently remove residues near a double-stranded (ds) stem. In the course of study of its specificity and mechanism, we found that RNase T also has single-strand-specific DNase activity. Purified RNase T degrades both single-stranded (ss)RNA and ssDNA in a non-processive manner. However, in contrast to its action on RNA, RNase T binds ssDNA much more tightly and shows less sequence specificity. As with RNA, DNA secondary structure strongly affects its degradation by RNase T. Thus, RNase T action on a dsDNA with a single-stranded 3'-extension efficiently generates blunt-ended DNA. This property of RNase T suggested that it might be a useful enzyme for blunt-ended DNA cloning. We show here that RNase T provides much higher cloning efficiency than the currently used mung bean nuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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146
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Wang B, Dong X, Yuan Z, Zuo Y, Wang J. SSA/Ro antigen expressed on membrane of UVB-induced apoptotic keratinocytes is pathogenic but not detectable in supernatant of cell culture. Chin Med J (Engl) 1999; 112:512-5. [PMID: 11601329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand the potential effect of ultraviolet light on the photosensitivity of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE), to elucidate the mechanisms of SSA/Ro antibody formation after UV exposure, and to investigate the role of this autoantibody in the pathogenesis of skin lesions. METHODS Primary human keratinocytes were cultured in Medium-154. After ultraviolet-B light (UVB) irradiation, the keratinocytes were treated with affinity-purified anti-SSA/Ro sera and stained with FITC-labeled goat-anti-human IgG and propidium iodide (PI), followed by enzyme digestion with RNase, RNase-free DNase or RNase plus DNase. As target cells, the irradiated keratinocytes were incubated with affinity-purified anti-SSA/Ro sera, with or without fresh human sera as complement. The supernatants of irradiated keratinocytes were analyzed with ELISA method for SSA/Ro antigens. RESULTS UVB irradiation induced apoptotic blebs on the cell surface. The blebs were composed of ribonucleoproteins and contained SSA/Ro antigens. SSA/Ro antigens expressed on UVB irradiated keratinocytes bound to affinity-purified anti-SSA/Ro sera, leading to complement-dependent cytotoxicity. However, no SSA/Ro antigens were detected in the supernatants. CONCLUSIONS SSA/Ro, a ribonucleoprotein antigen expressed on UVB irradiated keratinocytes, may be recognized and presented to immune cells by a direct cell-cell contact other than be eliminated into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
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147
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Day NL, Zuo Y, Richardson GA, Goldschmidt L, Larkby CA, Cornelius MD. Prenatal alcohol use and offspring size at 10 years of age. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23:863-9. [PMID: 10371407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project is a longitudinal study of the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and other substances. Women were selected from a prenatal clinic and interviewed at the 4th and 7th months of pregnancy. Their offspring were examined at delivery, at 8 and 18 months, and at 3, 6, and 10 years. This report examined 610 offspring, at age 10, who were exposed prenatally to alcohol. Most alcohol use in this low-income cohort was light to moderate, although the entire spectrum of alcohol use is represented. The weight, length, head circumference, and skinfold thickness of the offspring were measured. At each assessment phase, we found a significant association between size and prenatal exposure to alcohol. At age 10, the children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol continued to be significantly smaller in weight, height, head circumference, and skinfold thickness. These results indicate that prenatal alcohol exposure has a long-term impact on offspring growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Day
- Department of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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148
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Abstract
Based on previous structural and functional studies, a potential receptor-binding site composed of residues that form a pocket at one end of the two long antiparallel helices in the receptor-binding domain of Friend 57 murine leukemia virus envelope protein (RBD) has been proposed. To test this hypothesis, directed substitutions for residues in the pocket were introduced and consequences for infection and for receptor binding were measured. Receptor binding was measured initially by a sensitive assay based on coexpression of receptor and RBD in Xenopus oocytes, and the findings were confirmed by using purified proteins. Three residues that are critical for both binding and infection (S84, D86, and W102), with side chains that extend into the pocket, were identified. Moreover, when mCAT-1 was overexpressed, the infectivity of Fr57-MLV carrying pocket substitutions was partially restored. Substitutions for 18 adjacent residues and 11 other previously unexamined surface-exposed residues outside of the RBD pocket had no detectable effect on function. Taken together, these findings support a model in which the RBD pocket interacts directly with mCAT-1 (likely residues, Y235 and E237) and multiple receptor-envelope complexes are required to form the fusion pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Davey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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149
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Zuo Y, Riley DE, Krieger JN. Flagellar duplication and migration during the Trichomonas vaginalis cell cycle. J Parasitol 1999; 85:203-7. [PMID: 10219296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan, a representative of 1 of the earliest known eukaryotic lineages. Trichomonas vaginalis lacks centrioles but possesses basal bodies. We report here the cell cycle-dependent flagellar dynamics of T. vaginalis. By immunofluorescence, we found that T. vaginalis flagella duplicated during S-phase, segregated toward the nuclear poles, and then emanated from the spindle poles at mitosis. This behavior strongly parallels that of centrioles and other spindle pole-associated structures variously termed centrosomes, spindle pole bodies, or microtubule organizing centers. These observations support the hypothesis that flagellar forces may have provided motile forces for spindle pole alignment in an ancestral eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zuo
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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150
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Cheng ZF, Zuo Y, Li Z, Rudd KE, Deutscher MP. The vacB gene required for virulence in Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli encodes the exoribonuclease RNase R. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:14077-80. [PMID: 9603904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
vacB, a gene previously shown to be required for expression of virulence in Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, has been found to encode the 3'-5' exoribonuclease, RNase R. Thus, cloning of E. coli vacB led to overexpression of RNase R activity, and partial deletion or interruption of the cloned gene abolished this overexpression. Interruption of the chromosomal copy of vacB eliminated endogenous RNase R activity; however, the absence of RNase R by itself had no effect on cell growth. In contrast, cells lacking both RNase R and polynucleotide phosphorylase were found to be inviable. These data indicate that RNase R participates in an essential cell function in addition to its role in virulence. The identification of the vacB gene product as RNase R should aid in understanding how the virulence phenotype in enterobacteria is expressed and regulated. On the basis of this information we propose that vacB be renamed rnr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101-6129, USA
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