101
|
Lutfi E, Berge GM, Bæverfjord G, Sigholt T, Bou M, Larsson T, Mørkøre T, Evensen Ø, Sissener NH, Rosenlund G, Sveen L, Østbye TK, Ruyter B. Increasing dietary levels of the n-3 long-chain PUFA, EPA and DHA, improves the growth, welfare, robustness and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon in sea cages. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:10-28. [PMID: 35236527 PMCID: PMC9816656 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of increasing the dietary levels of EPA and DHA in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in sea cages, in terms of growth performance, welfare, robustness and overall quality. Fish with an average starting weight of 275 g were fed one of four different diets containing 10, 13, 16 and 35 g/kg of EPA and DHA (designated as 1·0, 1·3, 1·6 and 3·5 % EPA and DHA) until they reached approximately 5 kg. The 3·5 % EPA and DHA diet showed a significantly beneficial effect on growth performance and fillet quality compared with all other diets, particularly the 1 % EPA and DHA diet. Fish fed the diet containing 3·5 % EPA and DHA showed 400-600 g higher final weights, improved internal organ health scores and external welfare indicators, better fillet quality in terms of higher visual colour score and lower occurrence of dark spots and higher EPA and DHA content in tissues at the end of the feeding trial. Moreover, fish fed the 3·5 % EPA and DHA diet showed lower mortality during a naturally occurring cardiomyopathy syndrome outbreak, although this did not reach statistical significance. Altogether, our findings emphasise the importance of dietary EPA and DHA to maintain good growth, robustness, welfare and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon reared in sea cages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Lutfi
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Thomas Larsson
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Turid Mørkøre
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Lene Sveen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), ÅsN-1432, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Varshavsky JR, Rayasam SDG, Sass JB, Axelrad DA, Cranor CF, Hattis D, Hauser R, Koman PD, Marquez EC, Morello-Frosch R, Oksas C, Patton S, Robinson JF, Sathyanarayana S, Shepard PM, Woodruff TJ. Current practice and recommendations for advancing how human variability and susceptibility are considered in chemical risk assessment. Environ Health 2023; 21:133. [PMID: 36635753 PMCID: PMC9835253 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A key element of risk assessment is accounting for the full range of variability in response to environmental exposures. Default dose-response methods typically assume a 10-fold difference in response to chemical exposures between average (healthy) and susceptible humans, despite evidence of wider variability. Experts and authoritative bodies support using advanced techniques to better account for human variability due to factors such as in utero or early life exposure and exposure to multiple environmental, social, and economic stressors.This review describes: 1) sources of human variability and susceptibility in dose-response assessment, 2) existing US frameworks for addressing response variability in risk assessment; 3) key scientific inadequacies necessitating updated methods; 4) improved approaches and opportunities for better use of science; and 5) specific and quantitative recommendations to address evidence and policy needs.Current default adjustment factors do not sufficiently capture human variability in dose-response and thus are inadequate to protect the entire population. Susceptible groups are not appropriately protected under current regulatory guidelines. Emerging tools and data sources that better account for human variability and susceptibility include probabilistic methods, genetically diverse in vivo and in vitro models, and the use of human data to capture underlying risk and/or assess combined effects from chemical and non-chemical stressors.We recommend using updated methods and data to improve consideration of human variability and susceptibility in risk assessment, including the use of increased default human variability factors and separate adjustment factors for capturing age/life stage of development and exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors. Updated methods would result in greater transparency and protection for susceptible groups, including children, infants, people who are pregnant or nursing, people with disabilities, and those burdened by additional environmental exposures and/or social factors such as poverty and racism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Varshavsky
- Department of Health Sciences and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Swati D G Rayasam
- Department of Obstetrics, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Carl F Cranor
- Department of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Dale Hattis
- The George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia D Koman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Oksas
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua F Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Woodruff TJ, Rayasam SDG, Axelrad DA, Koman PD, Chartres N, Bennett DH, Birnbaum LS, Brown P, Carignan CC, Cooper C, Cranor CF, Diamond ML, Franjevic S, Gartner EC, Hattis D, Hauser R, Heiger-Bernays W, Joglekar R, Lam J, Levy JI, MacRoy PM, Maffini MV, Marquez EC, Morello-Frosch R, Nachman KE, Nielsen GH, Oksas C, Abrahamsson DP, Patisaul HB, Patton S, Robinson JF, Rodgers KM, Rossi MS, Rudel RA, Sass JB, Sathyanarayana S, Schettler T, Shaffer RM, Shamasunder B, Shepard PM, Shrader-Frechette K, Solomon GM, Subra WA, Vandenberg LN, Varshavsky JR, White RF, Zarker K, Zeise L. A science-based agenda for health-protective chemical assessments and decisions: overview and consensus statement. Environ Health 2023; 21:132. [PMID: 36635734 PMCID: PMC9835243 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture and production of industrial chemicals continues to increase, with hundreds of thousands of chemicals and chemical mixtures used worldwide, leading to widespread population exposures and resultant health impacts. Low-wealth communities and communities of color often bear disproportionate burdens of exposure and impact; all compounded by regulatory delays to the detriment of public health. Multiple authoritative bodies and scientific consensus groups have called for actions to prevent harmful exposures via improved policy approaches. We worked across multiple disciplines to develop consensus recommendations for health-protective, scientific approaches to reduce harmful chemical exposures, which can be applied to current US policies governing industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. This consensus identifies five principles and scientific recommendations for improving how agencies like the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approach and conduct hazard and risk assessment and risk management analyses: (1) the financial burden of data generation for any given chemical on (or to be introduced to) the market should be on the chemical producers that benefit from their production and use; (2) lack of data does not equate to lack of hazard, exposure, or risk; (3) populations at greater risk, including those that are more susceptible or more highly exposed, must be better identified and protected to account for their real-world risks; (4) hazard and risk assessments should not assume existence of a "safe" or "no-risk" level of chemical exposure in the diverse general population; and (5) hazard and risk assessments must evaluate and account for financial conflicts of interest in the body of evidence. While many of these recommendations focus specifically on the EPA, they are general principles for environmental health that could be adopted by any agency or entity engaged in exposure, hazard, and risk assessment. We also detail recommendations for four priority areas in companion papers (exposure assessment methods, human variability assessment, methods for quantifying non-cancer health outcomes, and a framework for defining chemical classes). These recommendations constitute key steps for improved evidence-based environmental health decision-making and public health protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J Woodruff
- Program On Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 10, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Swati D G Rayasam
- Program On Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 10, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Patricia D Koman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas Chartres
- Program On Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 10, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences and National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phil Brown
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Courtney Cooper
- Program On Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 10, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carl F Cranor
- Department of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Dale Hattis
- The George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Juleen Lam
- Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Greylin H Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Oksas
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dimitri Panagopoulos Abrahamsson
- Program On Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 10, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Joshua F Robinson
- Program On Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 10, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ted Schettler
- Science and Environmental Health Network, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel M Shaffer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, USA
| | - Bhavna Shamasunder
- Department of Urban & Environmental Policy and Public Health, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristin Shrader-Frechette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Gina M Solomon
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Wilma A Subra
- Louisiana Environmental Action Network, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Julia R Varshavsky
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Zarker
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Yi M, You Y, Zhang Y, Wu G, Karrar E, Zhang L, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Highly Valuable Fish Oil: Formation Process, Enrichment, Subsequent Utilization, and Storage of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020672. [PMID: 36677730 PMCID: PMC9865908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as the demand for precision nutrition is continuously increasing, scientific studies have shown that high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-EE) functions more efficiently than mixed omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid preparations in diseases such as hyperlipidemia, heart disease, major depression, and heart disease; therefore, the market demand for EPA-EE is growing by the day. In this paper, we attempt to review EPA-EE from a whole-manufacturing-chain perspective. First, the extraction, refining, and ethanolysis processes (fish oil and ethanol undergo transesterification) of EPA-EE are described, emphasizing the potential of green substitute technologies. Then, the method of EPA enrichment is thoroughly detailed, the pros and cons of different methods are compared, and current developments in monomer production techniques are addressed. Finally, a summary of current advanced strategies for dealing with the low oxidative stability and low bioavailability of EPA-EE is presented. In conclusion, understanding the entire production process of EPA-EE will enable us to govern each step from a macro perspective and accomplish the best use of EPA-EE in a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85876799 (G.W.); +86-510-85351730 (L.Z.)
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85876799 (G.W.); +86-510-85351730 (L.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Anthony R, Macartney MJ, Heileson JL, McLennan PL, Peoples GE. A review and evaluation of study design considerations for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation trials in physically trained participants. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36620998 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n-3 PUFA) supplements, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid, are increasingly being recommended within athletic institutions. However, the wide range of doses, durations and study designs implemented across trials makes it difficult to provide clear recommendations. The importance of study design characteristics in LC n-3 PUFA trials has been detailed in cardiovascular disease research, and these considerations may guide LC n-3 PUFA study design in healthy cohorts. This systematic review examined the quality of studies and study design considerations used in evaluating the evidence for LC n-3 PUFA improving performance in physically trained adults. SCOPUS, PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases were searched to identify studies that supplemented LC n-3 PUFA in physically trained participants. Forty-six (n = 46) studies met inclusion. Most studies used a randomised control design. Risk of bias, assessed using the design-appropriate Cochrane Collaboration tool, revealed that studies had a predominant judgment of 'some concerns', 'high risk' or 'moderate risk' in randomised controlled, randomised crossover or non-randomised studies, respectively. A custom five-point quality assessment scale demonstrated that no study satisfied all recommendations for LC n-3 PUFA study design. This review has highlighted that the disparate range of study designs is likely contributing to the inconclusive state of outcomes pertaining to LC n-3 PUFA as a potential ergogenic aid. Further research must adequately account for the specific LC n-3 PUFA study design considerations, underpinned by a clear hypothesis, to achieve evidence-based dose, duration and composition recommendations for physically trained individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Anthony
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael J Macartney
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jeffery L Heileson
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Texas, USA
| | - Peter L McLennan
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gregory E Peoples
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Huang N, Wang F, Li S, Zhai X, Ma W, Liu K, Sheerah HA, Cao J, Eshak ES. Associations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intakes with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: Result from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1031168. [PMID: 36698925 PMCID: PMC9868810 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The evidence on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake status and long-term mortality among people with diabetes is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EPA and DHA intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adults with diabetes. Methods This study included 2,991 adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2008. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the database records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with diabetes. Results Among 2,991 patients with diabetes, the mean age was 61.9 years (55.2% males). During the mean follow-up duration of 9.4 years, a total of 1,091 deaths were documented, of which 273 were due to CVD, including 227 CHD deaths. EPA and DHA intakes were associated with lower mortality risks, especially that of CVD. After adjusting for demographic, major lifestyle factors, overall dietary intake patterns, and history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of mortality risk comparing Q4 to Q1 of EPA intake were 0.55 (0.33-0.92; P-trend = 0.019) for CHD, 0.55 (0.36-0.83; P-trend = 0.005) for CVD, and 0.91 (0.70-1.18; P-trend = 0.264) for all-cause. The respective HRs (95% CIs) comparing Q4 to Q1 of DHA were 0.60 (0.37-0.98; P-trend = 0.051) for CHD, 0.58 (0.38-0.89; P-trend = 0.014) for CVD, and 0.92 (0.72-1.18; P-trend = 0.481) for all-cause. In subgroup analysis, we found that the association trends of EPA and DHA intakes with death risk remained robust among patients with diabetes, especially among those who are old, female, those with higher BMI, and dyslipidemia patients with CVD and CHD. Discussion In the USA, higher EPA and DHA intakes were associated with a lower risk of CHD and CVD mortality in patients with diabetes. Our study supports the benefits of adequate EPA and DHA intakes in promoting the health of patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhai
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Center for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wenzhi Ma
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haytham A. Sheerah
- Health Promotion and Health Education Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Health Promotion Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinhong Cao
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,Research Center for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jinhong Cao,
| | - Ehab S. Eshak
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt,Advanced Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Data Science Unit, Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Public Health, School of Health, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Bunga S, Ahmmed MK, Carne A, Bekhit AEA. Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Processed Chinook Salmon Roe Lipids Determined by (13)C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36615643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been great interest in the lipidomic of marine lipids and their potential health benefits. Processing of seafood products can potentially modify the characteristics and composition of lipids. The present study investigated the effect of processing methods (salting and fermentation) on the positional distribution of fatty acids of Chinook salmon roe using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The NMR analysis provided information on the carbonyl atom, double bond/olefinic, glycerol backbone, aliphatic group, and chain ending methyl group regions. The obtained data showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the main fatty acid esterified at the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerides (TAGs), while other fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and stearidonic acid (SDA), were randomly distributed or preferentially esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Fermentation of salmon roe was found to enrich the level of DHA at the sn-2 position of the TAG. The processing of roe by both salt drying and fermentation did not appear to affect the proportion of EPA at the sn-2 position. This present study demonstrated that fish roe processing can enhance the proportion of DHA at the sn-2 position and potentially improve its bioavailability.
Collapse
|
108
|
Zhang Q, Xu Q, Tian H, Chu Y, Qiu J, Sun M. Serum and diet long-chain omega-3 fatty acid nutritional status in Chinese elite athletes. Lipids 2023; 58:33-40. [PMID: 36271748 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are essential for improving the health and performance of athletes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of omega-3 PUFAs in Chinese elite athletes by both dietary intake analysis and serum biomarker detection. A cross-sectional analysis of data from 54 elite athletes (24 men and 30 women) from Shanghai professional sports teams was conducted. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to analyze dietary intake, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was conducted to measure serum biomarkers of PUFAs. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships of PUFA biomarkers with diet, inflammation and oxidative stress. The results showed that the median intake of EPA + DHA among athletes was 132 mg/d, which is lower than the minimum value recommended by dietary guidelines (250 mg/d). The average serum EPA + DHA was 4.0 ± 1.1%, and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 was 7.7 ± 1.7. Most (96.3%) of the athletes were below the targeted value of serum EPA + DHA, which is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Correlation analysis showed that the serum EPA + DHA was positively correlated with the long-term dietary intake of EPA + DHA and negatively correlated with inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the serum circulating EPA + DHA and omega-6/omega-3 ratio are effective biomarkers reflecting the nutritional status of PUFAs in athletes. Omega-3 PUFAs have a potential effect on inhibiting inflammatory markers. Hence, it is necessary for Chinese athletes to improve their suboptimal nutritional status of PUFAs through dietary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Tian
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Yudan Chu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Fatahi S, Sohouli MH, da Silva Magalhães EI, da Cruz Silveira VN, Zanghelini F, Rahmani P, Kord-Varkaneh H, Sharifi-Zahabi E, Shidfar F. Comparing the effects of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids on cardiovascular risk factors: Pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:11-21. [PMID: 36319578 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from clinical trial studies suggests that docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) may have greater potential effects on improving cardiovascular risk factors than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, this evidence has not yet been meta-analyzed and quantified. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of DHA and EPA monotherapy on cardiovascular risk factors based on paired and network meta-analysis. METHODS Relevant articles published up to January 2022 were systematically retrieved from relevant databases. We included all Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on adults that directly compared the effects of DHA with EPA and RCTs of indirect comparisons (DHA and EPA monotherapy compared to control groups). Data were pooled by pairwise and network meta-analysis and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42022328630). RESULTS Network meta-analysis of comparisons of DHA and EPA suggested significant comparable effects only on LDL-C (MD EPA versus DHA = -8.51 mg/L; 95% CI: -16.67; -0.35). However, the Network meta-analysis not show a significant effect for other risk factors. Furthermore, pairwise meta-analysis of direct comparisons of DHA and EPA showed significant difference in their effects on plasma glucose (MD EPA versus DHA = -0.31 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.02), Insulin (MD EPA versus DHA = -2.14 mg/L; 95% CI: -3.26, -1.02), but the results were not significant for risk factors. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both EPA and DHA act similarly on the markers under study, with slight changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and LDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, Centro, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Victor Nogueira da Cruz Silveira
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, Centro, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Fernando Zanghelini
- Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Parisa Rahmani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifi-Zahabi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Kaur T, Lakhawat SS, Kumar V, Sharma V, Neeraj RRK, Sharma PK. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Specific Ring Hydroxylating Dioxygenases: Diversity, Structure, Function, and Protein Engineering. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:7-21. [PMID: 36366847 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666221108114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously present in the environment. These compounds have demonstrated both mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In the past few decades, scientists have constantly been looking for a possible route to their biological degradation. Bacterial ring hydroxylating dioxygenases (RHDs) implicated in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation comprise a large family of enzymes. RHD catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of PAHs by incorporating molecular oxygen into inert aromatic nuclei. These biocatalysts hold the potential to completely transform and mineralize toxic forms of these compounds into non-toxic forms. RHDsmediated oxygenation produces cis-dihydrodiols, a chiral compound used in pharmaceutical industries. The Molecular investigation of 16S rRNA and key functional genes involved in pollutant degradation have revealed the dominant occurrence of phylum proteobacteria and actinobacteria in hydrocarbonpolluted environments. The present review is aimed at narrating the diversity, distribution, structural and functional characteristics of RHDs. The review further highlights key amino acids participating in RHDs catalysis. It also discusses the robustness of protein engineering methods in improving the structural and functional activity of the ring hydroxylating dioxygenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Word University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Velotti F, Costantini L, Merendino N. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) for Immunomodulation in COVID-19 Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). J Clin Med 2022; 12. [PMID: 36615103 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), might be complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe lung damage. It is relevant to find treatments for COVID-19-related ARDS. Currently, DHA and EPA n-3 PUFAs, known for their immunomodulatory activities, have been proposed for COVID-19 management, and clinical trials are ongoing. Here, examining COVID-19-related ARDS immunopathology, we reference in vitro and in vivo studies, indicating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation on lung microenvironment (bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, infiltrating immune cells) and ARDS, potentially affecting immune responses in COVID-19-related ARDS. Concerning in vitro studies, evidence exists of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of DHA on airway epithelial cells and monocytes/macrophages; however, it is necessary to analyze n-3 PUFA immunomodulation using viral experimental models relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, although pre-clinical investigations in experimental acute lung injury/ARDS revealed beneficial immunomodulation by n-3 PUFAs when extracellular pathogen infections were used as lung inflammatory models, contradictory results were reported using intracellular viral infections. Finally, clinical trials investigating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation in ARDS are limited, with small samples and contradictory results. In conclusion, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to establish whether n-3 PUFAs may have some therapeutic potential in COVID-19-related ARDS.
Collapse
|
112
|
Selvam C, Philip AJP, Lutfi E, Sigholt T, Norberg B, Bæverfjord G, Rosenlund G, Ruyter B, Sissener NH. Long-term feeding of Atlantic salmon with varying levels of dietary EPA + DHA alters the mineral status but does not affect the stress responses after mechanical delousing stress. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2291-307. [PMID: 35156914 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon were fed diets containing graded levels of EPA + DHA (1·0, 1·3, 1·6 and 3·5 % in the diet) and one diet with 1·3 % of EPA + DHA with reduced total fat content. Fish were reared in sea cages from about 275 g until harvest size (about 5 kg) and were subjected to delousing procedure (about 2·5 kg), with sampling pre-, 1 h and 24 h post-stress. Delousing stress affected plasma cortisol and hepatic mRNA expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and immune response, but with no dietary effects. Increasing EPA + DHA levels in the diet increased the trace mineral levels in plasma and liver during mechanical delousing stress period and whole body at harvest size. The liver Se, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn and plasma Se levels were increased in fish fed a diet high in EPA + DHA (3·5 %) upon delousing stress. Furthermore, increased dietary EPA + DHA caused a significant increase in mRNA expression of hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP), which is concurrent with downregulated transferrin receptor (TFR) expression levels. High dietary EPA + DHA also significantly increased the whole-body Zn, Se, and Mn levels at harvest size fish. Additionally, the plasma and whole-body Zn status increased, respectively, during stress and at harvest size in fish fed reduced-fat diet with less EPA + DHA. As the dietary upper limits of Zn and Se are legally added to the feeds and play important roles in maintaining fish health, knowledge on how the dietary fatty acid composition and lipid level affect body stores of these minerals is crucial for the aquaculture industry.
Collapse
|
113
|
Ceccarini MR, Ceccarelli V, Codini M, Fettucciari K, Calvitti M, Cataldi S, Albi E, Vecchini A, Beccari T. The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid EPA, but Not DHA, Enhances Neurotrophic Factor Expression through Epigenetic Mechanisms and Protects against Parkinsonian Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to exert many actions, including neuroprotective effects. In this regard, the exact molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that PD is the result of complex interactions between genetic abnormalities, environmental toxins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other cellular processes, such as DNA methylation. In this context, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) have a pivotal role because they are both involved in neuron differentiation, survival, and synaptogenesis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of two PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their effects on BDNF and GDNF expression in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and flow cytometry analysis was used to verify the level of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the cell ultrastructure and mitochondria morphology. BDNF and GDNF protein levels and mRNA were assayed by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Finally, methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation were performed in the BDNF and GDNF promoter regions. EPA, but not DHA, is able (i) to reduce the neurotoxic effect of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in vitro, (ii) to re-establish mitochondrial function, and (iii) to increase BNDF and GDNF expression via epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
114
|
Bercea C, Limbu R, Behnam K, Ng KE, Aziz Q, Tinker A, Tamagnini F, Cottrell GS, McNeish AJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced vasodilation in mouse aorta and mesenteric arteries is not mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033216. [PMID: 36589427 PMCID: PMC9797959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have cardioprotective effects. n-3 PUFAs cause vasodilation in hypertensive patients, in part controlled by increased membrane conductance to potassium. As KATP channels play a major role in vascular tone regulation and are involved in hypertension, we aimed to verify whether n-3 PUFA-mediated vasodilation involved the opening of KATP channels. We used a murine model in which the KATP channel pore subunit, Kir6.1, is deleted in vascular smooth muscle. The vasomotor response of preconstricted arteries to physiologically relevant concentrations of DHA and EPA was measured using wire myography, using the channel blocker PNU-37883A. The effect of n-3 PUFAs on potassium currents in wild-type native smooth muscle cells was investigated using whole-cell patch clamping. DHA and EPA induced vasodilation in mouse aorta and mesenteric arteries; relaxations in the aorta were sensitive to KATP blockade with PNU-37883A. Endothelium removal didn't affect relaxation to EPA and caused a small but significant inhibition of relaxation to DHA. In the knock-out model, relaxations to DHA and EPA were unaffected by channel knockdown but were still inhibited by PNU-37883A, indicating that the action of PNU-37883A on relaxation may not reflect inhibition of KATP. In native aortic smooth muscle cells DHA failed to activate KATP currents. We conclude that DHA and EPA cause vasodilation in mouse aorta and mesenteric arteries. Relaxations in blocker-treated arteries from knock-out mice demonstrate that KATP channels are not involved in the n-3 PUFA-induced relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Bercea
- McNeish Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Reading, London, United Kingdom
- Tinker Laboratory, William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roshan Limbu
- McNeish Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Reading, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamila Behnam
- McNeish Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Reading, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keat-Eng Ng
- Tinker Laboratory, William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qadeer Aziz
- Tinker Laboratory, William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Tinker Laboratory, William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- McNeish Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Reading, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- McNeish Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Reading, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alister J McNeish
- McNeish Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Reading, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Ormiston K, Gaudier-Diaz MM, TinKai T, Fitzgerald J, Cole RM, Andridge R, Lustberg M, DeVries AC, Orchard T. Effects of plant-based versus marine-based omega-3 fatty acids and sucrose on brain and liver fatty acids in a mouse model of chemotherapy. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:2650-2658. [PMID: 34772330 PMCID: PMC9095756 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1998296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy can result in toxic side effects in the brain. Intake of marine-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alter brain fatty acids, potentially improving brain function. However, it is unclear if alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the plant-based n-3, affects brain PUFAs during chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary ALA, EPA and DHA, with high or low sucrose, on brain PUFAs in a mouse model of chemotherapy. Secondarily, the use of liver PUFAs as surrogate measures of brain PUFAs was examined. Lipid peroxidation (4-HNE) and neurotrophic markers (BDNF) were assessed. Female C57Bl/6 mice (n = 90) were randomized to 1 of 5 diets (high EPA + DHA/high or low sucrose, high ALA/high or low sucrose, or control with no EPA + DHA/low ALA/low sucrose) and injected with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy or saline. Brain EPA and DHA were greater (p < 0.0001) with high EPA + DHA diets, regardless of sucrose; there were no significant differences in brain PUFAs between high ALA diets and control. Chemotherapy-treated mice had higher brain and liver DHA (p < 0.05) and lower brain and liver linoleic acid (p < 0.0001). Brain n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were strongly correlated with liver n-3 (r = 0.8214, p < 0.0001) and n-6 PUFAs (r = 0.7568, p < 0.0001). BDNF was correlated with brain total PUFAs (r = 0.36; p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary ALA in proportions approximately two times greater than consumed by humans did not appreciably increase brain n-3 PUFAs compared to low ALA intake. Liver PUFAs may be a useful surrogate marker of brain PUFAs in this mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ormiston
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Tial TinKai
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Rachel M. Cole
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University
| | | | | | | | - Tonya Orchard
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Elisia I, Yeung M, Kowalski S, Wong J, Rafiei H, Dyer RA, Atkar-Khattra S, Lam S, Krystal G. Omega 3 supplementation reduces C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E 2 and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio in heavy smokers: An open-label randomized crossover trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1051418. [PMID: 36532545 PMCID: PMC9751896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the current controversy concerning the efficacy of omega 3 supplements at reducing inflammation, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of omega 3 on reducing inflammation in people with a 6-year lung cancer risk >1.5% and a C reactive protein (CRP) level >2 mg/L in a phase IIa cross-over study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine healthy participants ages 55 to 80, who were still smoking or had smoked in the past with ≥30 pack-years smoking history, living in British Columbia, Canada, were randomized in an open-label trial to receive 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/day for 6 months followed by observation for 6 months or observation for 6 months first and then active treatment for the next 6 months. Blood samples were collected over 1 year for measurement of plasma CRP, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of EPA, DHA and other fatty acids, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and an inflammatory marker panel. RESULTS Twenty one participants who began the trial within the active arm completed the trial while 20 participants who started in the control arm completed the study. Taking omega 3 resulted in a significant decrease in plasma CRP and PGE2 but not LTB4 levels. Importantly, the effect size for the primary outcome, CRP values, at the end of the intervention relative to baseline was medium (Cohen's d = 0.56). DHA, but not EPA levels in RBC membranes inversely correlated with PGE2 levels. Omega 3 also led to a significant reduction in granulocytes and an increase in lymphocytes. These high-dose omega 3 supplements were well tolerated, with only minor gastrointestinal symptoms in a subset of participants. CONCLUSION Omega 3 fatty acids taken at 3.6 g/day significantly reduce systemic inflammation with negligible adverse health effects in people who smoke or have smoked and are at high risk of lung cancer.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT number: NCT03936621.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Yeung
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara Kowalski
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wong
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dyer
- Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Carvalho C, Correia D, Severo M, Afonso C, Bandarra NM, Gonçalves S, Lourenço HM, Dias MG, Oliveira L, Nabais P, Carmona P, Monteiro S, Borges M, Lopes C, Torres D. Quantitative risk-benefit assessment of Portuguese fish and other seafood species consumption scenarios. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1997-2010. [PMID: 34872627 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521004773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Portugal has high fish/seafood consumption, which may have both risks and benefits. This study aims to quantify the net health impact of hypothetical scenarios of fish/seafood consumption in the Portuguese population using a risk-benefit assessment methodology. Consumption data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 (n 5811) were used to estimate the mean exposure to methylmercury and EPA + DHA in the current and the alternative scenarios considered. Alternative scenarios (alt) were modelled using probabilistic approaches to reflect substitutions from the current consumption in the type of fish/seafood (alt1: excluding predatory fishes; alt2: including only methylmercury low-level fishes) or in the frequency of weekly fish/seafood consumption (alt3 to alt6: 1, 3, 5 or 7 times a week, replacing fish/seafood meals with meat or others). The overall health impact of these scenarios was quantified using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). In the Portuguese population, about 11 450 DALY could be prevented each year if the fish/seafood consumption increased to a daily basis. However, such a scenario would result in 1398 extra DALY considering the consumption by pregnant women and the respective risk on fetal neurodevelopment. Our findings support a recommendation to increase fish/seafood consumption up to 7 times/week. However, for pregnant women and children, special considerations must be proposed to avoid potential risks on fetal neurodevelopment due to methylmercury exposure.
Collapse
|
118
|
Anand B, Kim KH, Sonne C, Bhardwaj N. Advanced sanitation products infused with silver nanoparticles for viral protection and their ecological and environmental consequences. Environ Technol Innov 2022; 28:102924. [PMID: 36186919 PMCID: PMC9514001 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus ailments (COVID-19) in 2019 resulted in public health crisis leading to global pandemonium. In response to the high prevalence of disease transmission, governments all around the globe implemented emergency measures in various routes (e.g., social distancing, personal hygiene, and disinfection of public/private places) to curb/contain COVID-19 infections. The social media infodemic, released as uncensored publishing and/or views/recommendations, also triggered large-scale behavior changes such as the overuse of advanced sanitation products (ASPs) containing nanomaterials. The majority of these ASPs contain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an active ingredient to enhance their antimicrobial potential. Ecotoxicological concerns such as the transformation and degradation of these AgNP-infused products in terrestrial or aquatic environments are under the jurisdiction of the EPA. However, they are not considered in the FDA approval process. In light of excessive consumption of ASPs, it is time to consider their ecotoxicological screening prior to market approval jointly by the FDA and EPA, along with the implementation of post-market surveillance strategies. At the same time, efforts should be put into running awareness programs to prevent the overuse of ASPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Anand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Neha Bhardwaj
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Savastio S, Pozzi E, Mancioppi V, Boggio Sola V, Carrera D, Antoniotti V, Corsetto PA, Montorfano G, Rizzo AM, Bagnati M, Rabbone I, Prodam F. Vitamin D Repletion and AA/ EPA Intake in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Influences on Metabolic Status. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36364863 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to show a relationship between metabolic control, vitamin D status (25OHD), and arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The secondary aim was to evaluate dietary intake and the presence of ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of T1D. Methods: A cohort of 40 children with T1D was recruited, mean age 9.7 years (7.1; 13), with onset of T1D in the last 5 years: some at onset (n: 20, group A) and others after 18.0 ± 5 months (n: 20; group B). Twenty healthy children were compared as control subjects (CS). Dietary intakes were assessed through a diary food frequency questionnaire. Moreover, dried blood spots were used to test AA/EPA ratio by gas chromatography. Results: T1D children had a lower percentage of sugar intake (p < 0.02) than CS. Furthermore, group B introduced a greater amount of AA with the diet (g/day; p < 0.05) than CS (p < 0.01) and group A (p < 0.01). Children with an AA/EPA ratio ≤ 22.5 (1st quartile) required a lower insulin demand and had higher 25OHD levels than those who were in the higher quartiles (p < 0.05). Subjects with DKA (9/40) had levels of 25OHD (p < 0.05) and C-peptide (p < 0.05) lower than those without DKA. Moreover, analyzing the food questionnaire in group A, subjects with DKA showed a lower intake of proteins, sugars, fiber (g/day; p< 0.05), vitamin D, EPA, and DHA (g/day; p < 0.01) compared to subjects without DKA. Non-linear associations between vitamin D intake (p < 0.0001; r2:0.580) and linear between EPA intake and C-peptide (p < 0.05; r: 0.375) were found in all subjects. Conclusions: The study shows a relationship between vitamin D status, AA/EPA ratio, and metabolic state, probably due to their inflammatory and immune mechanisms. A different bromatological composition of the diet could impact the severity of the onset.
Collapse
|
120
|
Yan X, Feng Y, Hao Y, Zhong R, Jiang Y, Tang X, Lu D, Fang H, Agarwal M, Chen L, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0142322. [PMID: 36214691 PMCID: PMC9603910 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01423-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Young type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects 15% of the population, with a noted increase in cases, and T2D-related male infertility has become a serious issue in recent years. The current study aimed to explore the improvements of alginate oligosaccharide (AOS)-modified gut microbiota on semen quality in T2D. The T2D was established in young mice of 5 weeks of age with a blood glucose level of 21.2 ± 2.2 mmol/L, while blood glucose was 8.7 ± 1.1 mM in control animals. We discovered that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of AOS-improved microbiota (A10-FMT) significantly decreased blood glucose, while FMT of gut microbiota from control animals (Con-FMT) did not. Sperm concentration and motility were decreased in T2D to 10% to 20% of those in the control group, while A10-FMT brought about a recovery of around 5- to 10-fold. A10-FMT significantly increased small intestinal Allobaculum, while it elevated small intestinal and cecal Lactobacillus in some extent, blood butyric acid and derivatives and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and testicular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), EPA, and testosterone and its derivatives. Furthermore, A10-FMT improved liver functions and systemic antioxidant environments. Most importantly, A10-FMT promoted spermatogenesis through the improvement in the expression of proteins important for spermatogenesis to increase sperm concentration and motility. The underlying mechanisms may be that A10-FMT increased gut-beneficial microbes Lactobacillus and Allobaculum to elevate blood and/or testicular butyric acid, DHA, EPA, and testosterone to promote spermatogenesis and thus to ameliorate sperm concentration and motility. AOS-improved gut microbes could emerge as attractive candidates to treat T2D-diminished semen quality. IMPORTANCE A10-FMT benefits gut microbiota, liver function, and systemic environment via improvement in blood metabolome, consequently to favor the testicular microenvironment to improve spermatogenesis process and to boost T2D-diminished semen quality. We established that AOS-improved gut microbiota may be used to boost T2D-decreased semen quality and metabolic disease-related male subfertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanhan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Scientific Service Division, ChemCentre, Government of Western Australia, Bentley, Australia
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Prego R, Trigo M, Martínez B, Aubourg SP. Effect of Previous Frozen Storage, Canning Process and Packing Medium on the Fatty Acid Composition of Canned Mackerel. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20110666. [PMID: 36354989 PMCID: PMC9698990 DOI: 10.3390/md20110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the fatty acid (FA) composition of canned Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). In it, the effect of prior frozen storage (6 months at −18 °C), different packing media (water, brine, and sunflower, refined and extra virgin olive oils), and canning procedure was investigated. As a result, the canning procedure led to a decrease (p < 0.05) in saturated FA (STFA) levels, an increase (p < 0.05) in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and total ω3 FA values, and higher PUFA/STFA and ω3/ω6 ratio values. Concerning the packing medium effect, the great presence of C18:2ω6 in sunflower oil led to high PUFA and PUFA/STFA values and low ω3/ω6 ratios when compared to other packing media. However, the high presence of C18:1ω9 in both olive oils tested did not lead to remarkable increases (p > 0.05) of this FA presence. Additionally, the presence of total ω3 FAs, C20:5ω3 and C22:6ω3 did not provide differences in canned fish muscle as a result of using different packing media. In all canned samples, ω3/ω6 values were included in the 8.2−10.8 range. Prior frozen storage did not have a substantial effect (p > 0.05) on the FA group (STFA, monounsaturated FA, PUFA, total ω3 FA) and FA ratio (PUFA/STFA and ω3/ω6) values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Prego
- Department of Oceanography, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos Trigo
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez
- Department of Food Technologies, CIFP Coroso, Avda. da Coruña, 174, 15960 Ribeira, Spain
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Read EK, Maxey C, Hecker KG. Longitudinal assessment of competency development at The Ohio State University using the competency-based veterinary education (CBVE) model. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1019305. [PMID: 36387400 PMCID: PMC9642912 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1019305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges' Competency-Based Veterinary Education (CBVE) model, veterinary schools are reorganizing curricula and assessment guidelines, especially within the clinical rotation training elements. Specifically, programs are utilizing both competencies and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as opportunities for gathering information about student development within and across clinical rotations. However, what evidence exists that use of the central tenets of the CBVE model (competency framework, milestones and EPAs) improves our assessment practices and captures reliable and valid data to track competency development of students as they progress through their clinical year? Here, we report on validity evidence to support the use of scores from in-training evaluation report forms (ITERs) and workplace-based assessments of EPAs to evaluate competency progression within and across domains described in the CBVE, during the final year clinical training period of The Ohio State University's College of Veterinary Medicine (OSU-CVM) program. The ITER, used at the conclusion of each rotation, was modified to include the CBVE competencies that were assessed by identifying the stage of student development on a series of descriptive milestones (from pre-novice to competent). Workplace based assessments containing entrustment scales were used to assess EPAs from the CBVE model within each clinical rotation. Competency progression and entrustment scores were evaluated on each of the 31 rotations offered and high-stakes decisions regarding student performance were determined by a collective review of all the ITERs and EPAs recorded for each learner across each semester and the entire year. Results from the class of 2021, collected on approximately 190 students from 31 rotations, are reported with more than 55 299 total competency assessments combined with milestone placement and 2799 complete EPAs. Approximately 10% of the class was identified for remediation and received additional coaching support. Data collected longitudinally through the ITER on milestones provides initial validity evidence to support using the scores in higher stakes contexts such as identifying students for remediation and for determining whether students have met the necessary requirements to successfully complete the program. Data collected on entrustment scores did not, however, support such decision making. Implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Read
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Connor Maxey
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kent G. Hecker
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- International Council for Veterinary Assessment, Bismarck, ND, United States
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Fierli D, Barone ME, Graceffa V, Touzet N. Cold stress combined with salt or abscisic acid supplementation enhances lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1967-1977. [PMID: 36264371 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Compounds from microalgae such as ω3-fatty acids or carotenoid are commercially exploited within the pharmacology, nutraceutical, or cosmetic sectors. The co-stimulation of several compounds of interest may improve the cost-effectiveness of microalgal biorefinery pipelines. This study focussed on Phaeodactylum tricornutum to investigate the effects on lipogenesis and carotenogenesis of combined stressors, here cold temperature and addition of NaCl salt or the phytohormone abscisic acid, using a two-stage cultivation strategy. Cold stress with NaCl or phytohormone addition increased the neutral lipid content of the biomass (20 to 35%). These treatments also enhanced the proportions of EPA (22% greater than control) in the fatty acid profile. Also, these treatments had a stimulatory effect on carotenogenesis, especially the combination of cold stress with NaCl addition, which returned the highest production of fucoxanthin (33% increase). The gene expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and the ω-3 desaturase precursor (PTD15) were enhanced 4- and 16-fold relative to the control, respectively. In addition, zeaxanthin epoxidase 3 (ZEP3), was downregulated at low temperature when combined with abscisic acid. These results highlight the benefits of applying a combination of low temperature and salinity stress, to simultaneously enhance the yields of the valuable metabolites EPA and fucoxanthin in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fierli
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland.
| | - Maria Elena Barone
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Valeria Graceffa
- School of Science, Department of Life Sciences, Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Atlantic Technological University, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Abstract
Information on the Omega-3 Index (O3I) in the United Kingdom (UK) are scarce. The UK-Biobank (UKBB) contains data on total plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA%) and DHA% measured by NMR. The aim of our study was to create an equation to estimate the O3I (eO3I) from these data. We first performed an interlaboratory experiment with 250 random blood samples in which the O3I was measured in erythrocytes by gas chromatography, and total n3% and DHA% were measured in plasma by NMR. The best predictor of eO3I included both DHA% and a derived metric, the total n3%-DHA%. Together these explained 65% of the variability (r=0.832, p<0.0001). We then estimated the O3I in 117,108 UKBB subjects and correlated it with demographic and lifestyle variables in multivariable adjusted models. The mean (SD) eO3I was 5.58% (2.35%) this UKBB cohort. Several predictors were significantly correlated with eO3I (all p<0.0001). In general order of impact and with directionality (- = inverse, + = direct): oily-fish consumption (+), fish oil supplement use (+), female sex (+), older age (+), alcohol use (+), smoking (-), higher waist circumference and BMI (-), lower socioeconomic status and less education (-). Only 20.5% of eO3I variability could be explained by predictors investigated, and oily-fish consumption accounted for 7.0% of that. With the availability of the eO3I in the UKBB cohort we will be in a position to link risk for a variety of diseases with this commonly-used and well-documented marker of n3-PUFA biostatus.
Collapse
|
125
|
Rule DC, Melson EA, Alexander BM, Brown TE. Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Impacts the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Regions of the Bovine Brain. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36230437 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition across functional brain regions was determined in bovine brains collected from cattle that were provided supplements of calcium salts containing either palm or fish oil. The Angus cattle were divided into two groups, with one group offered the supplement of calcium salts of palm oil and the other offered the calcium salts of fish oil (n = 5 females and n = 5 males/supplement) for 220 days. These supplements to the basal forage diet were provided ad libitum as a suspension in dried molasses. The fish oil exclusively provided eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). The functional regions were dissected from the entire brains following commercial harvest. While the cattle provided diets supplemented with the calcium salts of palm oil had increased (p < 0.01) liver concentrations of C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6, and arachidonic acid, the fish-oil-supplemented cattle had greater (p < 0.01) concentrations of liver EPA, DHA, and C18:3 n-3. In the brain, DHA was the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. In the amygdala, pons, frontal lobe, internal capsule, and sensory cortex, DHA concentrations were greater (p < 0.05) in the brains of the cattle fed fish oil. Differences among the supplements were small, indicating that brain DHA content is resistant to dietary change. Arachidonic acid and C22:4 n-6 concentrations were greater across the regions for the palm-oil-supplemented cattle. EPA and C22:5 n-3 concentrations were low, but they were greater across the regions for the cattle fed fish oil. The effects of sex were inconsistent. The fatty acid profiles of the brain regions differed by diet, but they were similar to the contents reported for other species.
Collapse
|
126
|
Van Ravensteijn MM, Timmerman MF, Brouwer EAG, Slot DE. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on active periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1024-1037. [PMID: 35713248 PMCID: PMC9795982 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM "Host modulatory therapy" (HMT) with ω-3 fatty acids aims at reducing inflammation. With HMT as an adjunct, a better result of periodontal therapy is expected. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) was to examine the additional effect of ω-3 fatty acids to non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) on the probing pocket depth (PPD) and the clinical attachment level (CAL). MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL libraries were searched up to January 2021 for randomized controlled trials in patients with chronic periodontitis, treated with SRP/placebo as controls and SRP/ω-3 fatty acids as the test group. RESULTS The search identified 173 unique abstracts, and screening resulted in 10 eligible publications. Descriptive analysis showed a significant effect on the PPD and CAL in favour of the groups with ω-3 fatty acids in the majority of comparisons. MA revealed that adjunctive use of ω-3 fatty acids to SRP resulted in 0.39 mm more PPD reduction (95% CI: -0.58; -0.21) and 0.41 mm more CAL gain (95% CI: -0.63; -0.19) than SRP alone. CONCLUSIONS In patients with periodontitis, dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to SRP is more effective in reducing the PPD and improving the CAL than SRP alone. If SRP is indicated, the use of ω-3 fatty acids can be considered for a moderate extra added effect on PPD reduction and CAL gain. The strength of this recommendation is moderate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dagmar Else Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Johnson RK, Manke J, Campbell M, Armstrong M, Boorgula MP, Pinheiro G, Santana CVN, Mathias RA, Barnes KC, Cruz A, Reisdorph N, Figueiredo CA. Lipid mediators are detectable in the nasal epithelium and differ by asthma status in female subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:965-971.e8. [PMID: 35304161 PMCID: PMC9475490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid mediators, bioactive products of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, contribute to inflammation initiation and resolution in allergic diseases; however, their presence in lung-related biosamples has not been fully described. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify lipid mediators in the nasal airway epithelium and characterize preliminary associations with asthma. METHODS Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we conducted a pilot study to quantify 56 lipid mediators from nasal epithelial samples collected from 11 female participants of an outpatient asthma clinic and community controls (aged 30-55 years). We examined the presence of each compound using descriptive statistics to test whether lipid mediators could distinguish subjects with asthma (n = 8) from control subjects (n = 3) using linear regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS Fifteen lipid mediators were detectable in all samples, including resolvin (Rv) D5 (RvD5), with the highest median concentrations (in pg/μg protein) of 13-HODE (126.481), 15-HETE (32.869), and 13-OxoODE (13.251). From linear regression adjusted for age, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) had a trend (P < .1) for higher concentrations in patients with severe asthma compared to controls (mean difference, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, -0.04 to 1.95). Asthma patients had higher scores on principal component 3 compared to controls (mean difference, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 3.96), which represented lower levels of proresolving 15-HEPE, 19,20-DiHDPA, RvD5, 14-HDHA, 17-HDHA, and 13-HOTrE. Most of these compounds were best at discriminating asthma cases from controls in partial least squares discriminant analysis. CONCLUSION Lipid mediators are detectable in the nasal epithelium, and their levels distinguish asthma cases from controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi K Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Jonathan Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Monica Campbell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Gabriela Pinheiro
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Vila Nova Santana
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Abstract
Oils are among the most important agricultural commodities and have wide applications in food/nutrition, biofuels, and oleochemicals. The oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica can produce large amounts of oils and the high-value ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, which represents a promising resource for oil production targeting biodiesel, nutraceutical, and aquaculture industries. In recent years, with the availability of omics databases and the development of genetic tools, N. oceanica has been extensively investigated as a model photosynthetic organism for studying lipid metabolism and as a green cellular factory to produce lipids for industrial applications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the lipid composition and biosynthetic pathways of N. oceanica and reviews the recent advances in metabolic engineering of lipid production in this microalga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Roussel C, Anunciação Braga Guebara S, Plante PL, Desjardins Y, Di Marzo V, Silvestri C. Short-term supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulates primarily mucolytic species from the gut luminal mucin niche in a human fermentation system. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2120344. [PMID: 36109831 PMCID: PMC9481098 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provides multifaceted health benefits. Recent studies suggest that ω-3 PUFAs modulate the gut microbiota by enhancing health-promoting bacteria, such as the mucin specialist Akkermansia muciniphila. However, these prebiotic properties have been poorly investigated and direct effects on the gut microbiome have never been explored dynamically across gut regions and niches (lumen vs. mucus-associated microbiota). Thus, we studied the effects of 1 week EPA- and DHA-enriched ω-3 fish-oil supplementation on the composition and functionality of the human microbiome in a Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (M-SHIME®). Gut microbial communities derived from one individual harvested in two different seasons were tested in duplicate. Luminal and outer mucus-associated microbiota of the ileum, ascending, transverse and descending colons were cultivated over 28 d from fecal inoculates and supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs for the last 7 d. We show that ω-3 PUFA supplementation modulates the microbiota in a gut region- and niche-dependent fashion. The outer mucus-associated microbiota displayed a higher resilience than the luminal mucin habitat to ω-3 PUFAs, with a remarkable blooming of Akkermansia muciniphila in opposition to a decrease of Firmicutes-mucolytic bacteria. The ω-3 PUFAs also induced a gradual and significant depletion of non-mucolytic Clostridia members in luminal habitats. Finally, increased concentrations of the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) propionate in colon regions at the end of the supplementation was associated positively with the bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Desulfovibrionia class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Roussel
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Anunciação Braga Guebara
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Plante
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,CONTACT Vincenzo Di Marzo Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), INAF Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada,Cristoforo Silvestri Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Wang X, Xiao A, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Wang CC, Wang Y, Han J, Wang Z, Wen M. DHA and EPA Prevent Seizure and Depression-Like Behavior by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Neuroinflammation via Different Mode-of-actions in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Model in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200275. [PMID: 36099650 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It has been reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anticonvulsant effects, yet the respective mechanism of EPA and DHA on epilepsy are still unclarified. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EPA and DHA on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures and depression. METHODS AND RESULTS The administration of EPA and DHA at a dose of 1% (w/w) significantly inhibited PTZ-induced seizures and depressive-like behavior, whereas EPA outcompetes DHA. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the higher effect of EPA can be partly attributed to the promotion of M2 polarization, inhibition of M1 polarization of microglia, and lower iron content in the brain, resulting from the stronger activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We found that DHA and EPA comparably inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation but with different mode-of-actions: EPA preferred to inhibit the binding of NLRP3 and ASC, while DHA decreased the protein levels of ASC and Caspase-1. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that DHA and EPA could efficaciously alleviate PTZ-induced seizure and depressive-like behavior but with different efficiency and molecular mechanisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Aiai Xiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yueqi Yang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yingcai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cheng Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Min Wen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Caires R, Garrud TAC, Romero LO, Fernández-Peña C, Vásquez V, Jaggar JH, Cordero-Morales JF. Genetic- and diet-induced ω-3 fatty acid enrichment enhances TRPV4-mediated vasodilation in mice. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111306. [PMID: 36070688 PMCID: PMC9498980 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV4 channel activation in endothelial cells leads to vasodilation, while impairment of TRPV4 activity is implicated in vascular dysfunction. Strategies that increase TRPV4 activity could enhance vasodilation and ameliorate vascular disorders. Here, we show that supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid known to have beneficial cardiovascular effects, increases TRPV4 activity in human endothelial cells of various vascular beds. Mice carrying the C. elegans FAT-1 enzyme, which converts ω-6 to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, display higher EPA content and increased TRPV4-mediated vasodilation in mesenteric arteries. Likewise, mice fed an EPA-enriched diet exhibit enhanced and prolonged TRPV4-dependent vasodilation in an endothelial cell-specific manner. We also show that EPA supplementation reduces TRPV4 desensitization, which contributes to the prolonged vasodilation. Neutralization of positive charges in the TRPV4 N terminus impairs the effect of EPA on channel desensitization. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of manipulating fatty acid content to enhance TRPV4-mediated vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Caires
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tessa A C Garrud
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Luis O Romero
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Ménégaut L, Laubriet A, Crespy V, Nguyen M, Petit JM, Tarris G, Pilot T, Varin A, Choubley H, Bergas V, de Barros JPP, Thomas C, Steinmetz E, Masson D. Profiling of lipid mediators in atherosclerotic carotid plaques from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 184:102477. [PMID: 35952424 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is associated with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis. Specific mechanisms related to diabetes and hyperglycemia may play a role in this process. In particular, alterations of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism have been reported. Our main goal was to investigate for differences in the concentration of LTB4 and RvD1 as well as selected cyclooxygenase-derived mediators in carotid plaques from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between omega 6 and omega 3 Poly-Unsaturated Fatty acids (PUFAs) content in the plaques and the concentrations of these lipid mediators. METHODS 29 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 control patients admitted for surgical treatment of carotid stenosis were enrolled in the present study. Carotid plaques were harvested for in-depth lipidomic profiling. RESULTS No differences for LTB4 or other lipid mediators were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. RvD1 levels were below the threshold of quantification in most of the samples. A significant correlation was found between LTB4 and 5(S)-HETE levels. Omega 3 enrichment was not significantly different between control and diabetic plaques. There was a negative correlation between DHA/AA ratio and the level of 5(S)-HETE while there was a positive association with TXB2 and PGD2 concentrations. CONCLUSION-PERSPECTIVES Our results does not support the hypothesis of a specific involvement of LTB4 or COX-derived mediators in diabetic atherosclerosis. The relationship between DHA enrichment and the concentrations of specific inflammatory mediators within the plaque is of interest and will need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ménégaut
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Dijon, France
| | - Aline Laubriet
- CHU Dijon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Crespy
- CHU Dijon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Nguyen
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology and metabolic diseases, Dijon, France
| | | | - Thomas Pilot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Alexis Varin
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Victoria Bergas
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Charles Thomas
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Steinmetz
- CHU Dijon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Andriopoulos V, Lamari FN, Hatziantoniou S, Kornaros M. Production of Antioxidants and High Value Biomass from Nannochloropsis oculata: Effects of pH, Temperature and Light Period in Batch Photobioreactors. Mar Drugs 2022; 20. [PMID: 36135741 DOI: 10.3390/md20090552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oculata is a marine microalgal species with a great potential as food or feed due to its high pigment, protein and eicosapentaenoic acid contents. However, for such an application to be realized on a large scale, a biorefinery approach is necessary due to the high cost of microalgal biomass production. For example, techno economic analyses have suggested the co-production of food or feed with antioxidants, which can be extracted and supplied separately to the market. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cultivation conditions on the antioxidant capacity of Nannochlosopsis oculata extracts, derived with ultrasound-assisted extraction at room temperature, as well as the proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the biomass. A fractional factorial approach was applied to examine the effects of temperature (20-35 °C), pH (6.5-9.5) and light period (24:0, 12:12). At the end of each run, biomass was collected, washed with 0.5M ammonium bicarbonate and freeze-dried. Antioxidant capacity as gallic acid equivalents as well as pigment content were measured in the ethanolic extracts. Optimal conditions were different for productivity and biomass composition. Interesting results regarding the effect of light period (LP) and pH require further investigation, whereas the effect of moisture on the extraction process was confounded with biomass composition. Finally, further data is provided regarding the relation between chlorophyll content and apparent phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, in agreement with our previous work.
Collapse
|
134
|
Yin S, Zhou YB, Li H, Meng Y, Liu JM. Geographic variations and determinants of EPA plus DHA and EPA alone in pregnant and lactating women from China. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:733-43. [PMID: 34526160 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
EPA and DHA are essential for maternal and fetal health, but epidemiological data are sparse in China. We examined the trends of EPA alone and a combination of EPA plus DHA in pregnant and lactating women in three distinct geographic regions in China and explored their potential influencing factors. A total of 1015 healthy women during mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy or lactation were recruited from Weihai (coastland), Yueyang (lakeland) and Baotou (inland) cities of China between May and July of 2014. Maternal EPA and DHA concentrations (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma and erythrocytes were measured by capillary GC. Adjusted EPA plus DHA concentrations in both plasma and erythrocytes significantly declined from mid-pregnancy (2·92 %, 6·95 %) to late pregnancy (2·20 %, 6·42 %) and lactation (2·40 %, 6·29 %) (Ptrend < 0·001); and both concentrations were highest in coastland, followed by lakeland, and lowest in inland (P < 0·001). Regarding EPA alone, the concentrations were higher in women during lactation or late pregnancy and in women in coastland and inland areas. Moreover, concentrations of EPA or EPA plus DHA were higher in women with older age, higher education, higher annual family income per capita and higher dietary intake of marine aquatic product and mutton. In lactating women, erythrocyte EPA concentration was higher in those having breast-feeding partially v. exclusively. In conclusion, maternal plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of EPA plus DHA or EPA alone differed with geographic regions, physiological periods and maternal characteristics, indicating a need of population-specific health strategies to improve fatty acids status in pregnant and lactating women.
Collapse
|
135
|
Azari SR, Hojjatoleslamy M, Mousavi ZE, Kiani H, Jalali SMA. Production and Optimization of Conjugated Linoleic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids by Bifidobacterium lactis in Cold-Pressed Soybean Cake. Front Nutr 2022; 9:916728. [PMID: 35967809 PMCID: PMC9363755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.916728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose In regard to the biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by some bacteria, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on soybean pressed cake (SPC) to produce CLA and EPA by Bifidobacterium lactis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on SPC to produce CLA and EPA by B. lactis. Methods Process conditions including humidity, inoculation level, and temperature parameters were optimized by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM) method (response surface method) and the design expert software. Accordingly, a homogeneous SPC paste substrate at 60, 70, and 80% humidity was prepared with different inoculation levels at 30, 37, and 44°C to assess the strain behavior. The introduced SPC consisted of 60% humidity, 2% inoculation level at 37°C, and 60% humidity, and 4% inoculation level at 30 and 44°C; it also included 6% inoculation level at 37°C, 70% humidity at 2% inoculation level, at 30 and 44°C, and 4% inoculation level at 37°C. Also, SPC with 80% humidity at 2% and 4% inoculation levels, and at 30 and 44°C was obtained. To confirm the accuracy of the conditions, an experiment was conducted according to the defined requirements. Results The results were compared with the predicted data, which showed a significant difference. Under optimized conditions, with an inoculation level of 4% on the SPC medium with 70% humidity and at 37°C, B. lactis strains could yield 9cis-, 11 trans-linoleic and eicosapentaenoic at 0.18 and 0.39% of the total fatty acids. Conclusion So, the potential benefits of using SPC as an inexpensive substrate for the commercial production of CLA and EPA should be noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samin Rafi Azari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjatoleslamy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zeinab E Mousavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Kiani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Research Center of Nutrition and Organic Products, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Marrero M, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Ribes-Navarro A, Pérez JA, Galindo A, Rodríguez C. Metabolic and molecular evidence for long-chain PUFA biosynthesis capacity in the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111232. [PMID: 35580802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to understand the capacity of farmed fish species to biosynthesise the physiologically important long-chain (≥C20) n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), from their C18 PUFA precursors available in the diet. In fish, the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathways involve sequential desaturation and elongation reactions from α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), catalysed by fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) proteins. Our current understanding of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) LC-PUFA biosynthetic capacity is limited despite representing the most farmed finfish produced worldwide. To address this knowledge gap, this study first aimed at characterising molecularly and functionally three genes (fads2, elovl5 and elovl2) with putative roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Using an in vitro yeast-based system, we found that grass carp Fads2 possesses ∆8 and ∆5 desaturase activities, with ∆6 ability to desaturase not only the C18 PUFA precursors (ALA and LA) but also 24:5n-3 to 24:6n-3, a key intermediate to obtain DHA through the "Sprecher pathway". Additionally, the Elovl5 showed capacity to elongate C18 and C20 PUFA substrates, whereas Elovl2 was more active over C20 and C22. Collectively, the molecular cloning and functional characterisation of fads2, elovl5 and elovl2 demonstrated that the grass carp has all the enzymatic activities required to obtain ARA, EPA and DHA from LA and ALA. Importantly, the hepatocytes incubated with radiolabelled fatty acids confirmed the yeast-based results and demonstrated that these enzymes are functionally active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marrero
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Galindo
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Yang TX, Zhu YF, Wang CC, Yang JY, Xue CH, Huang QR, Wang YM, Zhang TT. EPA-enriched plasmalogen attenuates the cytotoxic effects of LPS-stimulated microglia on the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:143-152. [PMID: 35728742 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microglia plays an important role in the production of inflammation in the central nervous system. Excessive nerve inflammation can cause neuronal damage and neurodegenerative disease. It has been shown that EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPA-PlsEtn) significantly inhibited the expressions of inflammatory factors and suppressed neuronal loss in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. However, whether EPA-PlsEtn protects against neuronal loss by inhibiting the activation of microglia is still not clear. Therefore, we examined the effect of PlsEtn on SH-SY5Y cells incubated by conditioned medium from LPS-induced BV2 cells as a neuroinflammation model. Results showed that pre-incubation of LPS-induced BV2 cells with PlsEtn significantly improved the viability of SH-SY5Y cells by reducing the early apoptosis. The increasing production of NO and TNF-α in BV2 cells was reversed by PlsEtn treatment, while the decreasing level of IL-10 was raised. Polarization toward M1 phenotype and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathways are attenuated significantly by pre-treatment of PlsEtn in LPS-induced BV2 cells. The study provides evidence for a positive effect of PlsEtn on neuroprotection and the inhibition of neuroinflammation, and PlsEtn may be explored as a potential functional ingredient with neuroprotection effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Rong Huang
- Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Dunne D, Gielissen K, Slade M, Park YS, Green M. WBAs in UME-How Many Are Needed? A Reliability Analysis of 5 AAMC Core EPAs Implemented in the Internal Medicine Clerkship. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:2684-2690. [PMID: 34561828 PMCID: PMC9411433 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable assessments of clinical skills are important for undergraduate medical education, trustworthy handoffs to graduate medical programs, and safe, effective patient care. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for entering residency have been developed; research is needed to assess reliability of such assessments in authentic clinical workspaces. DESIGN A student-driven mobile assessment platform was developed and used for clinical supervisors to record ad hoc entrustment decisions using the modified Ottawa scale on 5 core EPAs in an 8-week internal medicine (IM) clerkship. After a 12-month period, generalizability (G) theory analysis was performed to estimate the reliability of entrustment scores and determine the proportion of variance attributable to the student and the other facets, including particular EPA, evaluator type (attending versus resident), or case complexity. Decision (D) theory analysis determined the expected reliability based on the number of hypothetical observations. A g-coefficient of 0.7 was used as a generally agreed upon minimum reliability threshold. KEY RESULTS A total of 1368 ratings over the 5 EPAs were completed on 94 students. Variance attributed to person (true variance) was high for all EPAs; EPA-5 had the lowest person variance (9.8% across cases and four blocks). Across cases, reliability ranged from 0.02 to 0.60. Applying this to the Decision study, the estimated number of observations needed to reach a reliability index of 0.7 ranged between 9 and 11 for all EPAs except EPA5 which was sensitive to case complexity. CONCLUSIONS Work place-based clinical skills in IM clerkship students were assessed and logged using a convenient mobile platform. Our analysis suggests that 9-11 observations are needed for these EPA workplace-based assessments (WBAs) to achieve a reliability index of 0.7. Note writing was very sensitive to case complexity. Further reliability analyses of core EPAs are needed before US medical schools consider wider adoption into summative entrustment processes and GME handoffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dunne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York Street LMP 1074, New Haven, CT, 065111, USA.
| | - Katherine Gielissen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Martin Slade
- Occupational Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Michael Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Lin J, Huang F, Liang T, Qin Q, Xu Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Xiao K, Zhu H, Zhao J, Liu Y. EPA and DHA confer protection against deoxynivalenol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron imbalance in IPEC-1 cells. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:161-71. [PMID: 34519265 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521003688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the molecular mechanism of EPA or DHA protection against intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cell damage induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). The cells were divided into six groups, including the CON group, the EPA group, the DHA group, the DON group, the EPA + DON group and the DHA + DON group. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the potential mechanism, and qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of selected genes. Changes in ultrastructure were used to estimate pathological changes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) injury in IPEC-1 cells. Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) was tested by ELISA. Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were estimated by spectrophotometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed by fluorospectrophotometry. RNA sequencing analysis showed that EPA and DHA had a significant effect on the expression of genes involved in ER stress and iron balance during DON-induced cell injury. The results showed that DON increased ER damage, the content of MDA and ROS, the ratio of X-box binding protein 1s (XBP-1s)/X-box binding protein 1u (XBP-1u), the concentration of Fe2+ and the activity of TFR1. However, the results also showed that EPA and DHA decreased the ratio of XBP-1s/XBP-1u to relieve DON-induced ER damage of IPEC-1 cells. Moreover, EPA and DHA (especially DHA) reversed the factors related to iron balance. It can be concluded that EPA and DHA reversed IPEC-1 cell damage induced by DON. DHA has the potential to protect IPEC-1 cells from DON-induced iron imbalance by inhibiting ER stress.
Collapse
|
140
|
Gkiouras K, Grammatikopoulou MG, Myrogiannis I, Papamitsou T, Rigopoulou EI, Sakkas LI, Bogdanos DP. Efficacy of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis' disease activity indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:16-30. [PMID: 35900212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical evidence and previous studies suggest that oralnutrient supplementation (ONS) with n-3 fatty acids for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has the potential to lower disease activity indicators and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) uptake. A systematic search was conducted on five databases/registries from inception until May 23, 2021 with the aim to identify randomized placebo-controlled trials comparing n-3 supplements to placebo on disease-specific outcomes. A total of 23 studies matched the criteria (PROSPERO: CRD42019137041). Pooled analyses revealed that n-3 ONS provided a small effect in reducing pain [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.16, 95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.40 to 0.09], and tender (SMD: -0.20, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.05) and swollen joint count (SMD: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.28 to 0.07). In sensitivity analyses, there was a small effect in the reduction of NSAIDs intake (SMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.90 to 0.46), and c-reactive protein was reduced only by 0.21 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.75 to 0.33). Similar findings were observed regarding other objective/subjective outcomes. The certainty of the evidence was mostly of "very low/low" quality. Overall, n-3 ONS in RA might have a limited clinical benefit. Previous findings suggesting a reduction in NSAID intake may have been biased from the inadequate blinding of interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Myrogiannis
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini I Rigopoulou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lazaros I Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London Medical School, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Miller EA, David T, Koenig RA, Frankart L, Caldas LM. Applying Entrustable professional activities to prescription verification activities in two skills-based laboratory courses. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2022; 14:892-899. [PMID: 35914852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prescription verification is a practice-ready expectation for pharmacy graduates. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) should be applied to practice-ready skills-based assessments. This manuscript describes the technique of two different institutions in assessing prescription verification aligned to the Practice Manager domain of the Core EPAs as defined by the Academic Affairs Standing Committee 2015-2016 report. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy (VCU) and University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) School of Pharmacy and Health Professions describe their two methods of evaluating prescription verification with the EPA Practice Manager domain. Each program performed the activities in first-year skills-based laboratory courses. FINDINGS Fulfillment of a medication order was framed into law, medication label, and dispensing accuracy. Both institutions' assessments were high-stakes assessments that included errors. Overall, the majority of both programs' students passed with the institution-specified level of entrustment on their first attempt, with 75.9% to 77.5% of VCU students per each assessment and 74.5% for UMES. The lowest performance, Level 1, assessment scores for the first attempt were 10% for VCU and 2% for UMES, requiring repetition of the assessment for those students. All students achieved a minimum of Level 3 during the reassessments. SUMMARY Different assessment techniques may arise from program design and institutional resources. However, it is important to ensure EPAs are met for all students in prescription verification. Faculty should consider their own verification activities and level of trust expected for students to meet prior to pharmacy practice experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Miller
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 North 12th Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, United States.
| | - Tosin David
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 30665 Student Services Center, Princess Anne, MD 21853, United States.
| | - Rachel A Koenig
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health Sciences Library, 410 North 12th Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, United States.
| | - Laura Frankart
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 North 12th Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, United States.
| | - Lauren M Caldas
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 North 12th Street, PO Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Di Miceli M, Martinat M, Rossitto M, Aubert A, Alashmali S, Bosch-Bouju C, Fioramonti X, Joffre C, Bazinet RP, Layé S. Dietary Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Alters Electrophysiological Properties in the Nucleus Accumbens and Emotional Behavior in Naïve and Chronically Stressed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126650. [PMID: 35743093 PMCID: PMC9224532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have drawn attention in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular depression. However, whether dietary supplementation with LC n-3 PUFA protects from the development of mood disorders is still a matter of debate. In the present study, we studied the effect of a two-month exposure to isocaloric diets containing n-3 PUFAs in the form of relatively short-chain (SC) (6% of rapeseed oil, enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA)) or LC (6% of tuna oil, enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) PUFAs on behavior and synaptic plasticity of mice submitted or not to a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), previously reported to alter emotional and social behavior, as well as synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). First, fatty acid content and lipid metabolism gene expression were measured in the NAc of mice fed a SC (control) or LC n-3 (supplemented) PUFA diet. Our results indicate that LC n-3 supplementation significantly increased some n-3 PUFAs, while decreasing some n-6 PUFAs. Then, in another cohort, control and n-3 PUFA-supplemented mice were subjected to CSDS, and social and emotional behaviors were assessed, together with long-term depression plasticity in accumbal medium spiny neurons. Overall, mice fed with n-3 PUFA supplementation displayed an emotional behavior profile and electrophysiological properties of medium spiny neurons which was distinct from the ones displayed by mice fed with the control diet, and this, independently of CSDS. Using the social interaction index to discriminate resilient and susceptible mice in the CSDS groups, n-3 supplementation promoted resiliency. Altogether, our results pinpoint that exposure to a diet rich in LC n-3 PUFA, as compared to a diet rich in SC n-3 PUFA, influences the NAc fatty acid profile. In addition, electrophysiological properties and emotional behavior were altered in LC n-3 PUFA mice, independently of CSDS. Our results bring new insights about the effect of LC n-3 PUFA on emotional behavior and synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Di Miceli
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Maud Martinat
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Moïra Rossitto
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Agnès Aubert
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Shoug Alashmali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Clémentine Bosch-Bouju
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sophie Layé
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.M.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.A.); (C.B.-B.); (X.F.); (C.J.)
- International Research Network Food4BrainHealth;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Bobin-Dubigeon C, Nazih H, Croyal M, Bard JM. Link between Omega 3 Fatty Acids Carried by Lipoproteins and Breast Cancer Severity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122461. [PMID: 35745191 PMCID: PMC9230874 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) more than 10% of cancers can be explained by inadequate diet and excess body weight. Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women. The goal of our study is to clarify the relationship between ω3 fatty acids (FA) carried by different lipoproteins and breast cancer (BC) severity, according to two approaches: through clinic-biological data and through in vitro breast cancer cell models. The clinical study has been performed in sera from a cohort of BC women (n = 140, ICO, France) whose tumors differed by their hormone receptors status (HR− for tumors negative for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, HR+ for tumors positive for either estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors) and the level of proliferation markers (Ki-67 ≤ 20% Prolif− and Ki-67 ≥ 30% Prolif+). Lipids and ω3FA have been quantified in whole serum and in apoB-containing lipoproteins (Non-HDL) or free of it (HDL). Differences between Prolif− and Prolif+ were compared by Wilcoxon test in each sub-group HR+ and HR−. Results are expressed as median [25th−75th percentile]. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and Non-HDL cholesterol did not differ between Prolif− and Prolif+ sub-groups of HR− and HR+ patients. Plasma EPA and DHA concentrations did not differ either. In the HR− group, the distribution of EPA and DHA between HDL and Non-HDL differed significantly, as assessed by a higher ratio between the FA concentration in Non-HDL and HDL in Prolif− vs. Prolif+ patients (0.20 [0.15−0.36] vs. 0.04 [0.02−0.08], p = 0.0001 for EPA and 0.08 [0.04−0.10] vs. 0.04 [0.01−0.07], p = 0.04 for DHA). In this HR− group, a significant increase in Non-HDL EPA concentration was also observed in Prolif− vs. Prolif+ (0.18 [0.13−0.40] vs. 0.05 [0.02−0.07], p = 0.001). A relative enrichment on Non-HDL in EPA and DHA was also observed in Prolif− patients vs. Prolif+ patients, as assessed by a higher molar ratio between FA and apoB (0.12 [0.09−0.18] vs. 0.02 [0.01−0.05], p < 0.0001 for EPA and 1.00 [0.73−1.69 vs. 0.52 [0.14−1.08], p = 0.04 for DHA). These data were partly confirmed by an in vitro approach of proliferation of isolated lipoproteins containing EPA and DHA on MDA-MB-231 (HR−) and MCF-7 (HR+) cell models. Indeed, among all the studied fractions, only the correlation between the EPA concentration of Non-HDL was confirmed in vitro, although with borderline statistical significance (p = 0.07), in MDA-MB-231 cells. Non-HDL DHA, in the same cells model was significantly correlated to proliferation (p = 0.04). This preliminary study suggests a protective effect on breast cancer proliferation of EPA and DHA carried by apo B-containing lipoproteins (Non-HDL), limited to HR− tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bobin-Dubigeon
- EA 2160—IUML FR3473 CNRS, Nantes Université, UMR6286, US2B, 44035 Nantes, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France;
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hassan Nazih
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- ISOMer UE2160 IUML, Nantes Université, CNRS3473, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bard
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France;
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- ISOMer UE2160 IUML, Nantes Université, CNRS3473, 44300 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Novotny E. Glyphosate, Roundup and the Failures of Regulatory Assessment. Toxics 2022; 10:321. [PMID: 35736929 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Roundup is the most widely used herbicide in agriculture. It contains glyphosate as the ‘active ingredient’, together with formulants. There are various versions of Roundup, with somewhat different effects depending on the formulants. Most genetically-modified crops are designed to tolerate Roundup, thus allowing spraying against weeds during the growing season of the crop without destroying it. Having been so heavily used, this herbicide is now found in the soil, water, air, and even in humans worldwide. Roundup may also remain as a residue on edible crops. Many studies have found harm to the environment and to health, making it imperative to regulate the use of Roundup and to ensure that its various formulations pose no danger when used in the long-term. Unfortunately, regulators may only assess the ‘active ingredient’, glyphosate, and ignore the toxicity of the formulants, which can be far more toxic than the active ingredient. This omission is in violation of a ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union. There are close ties between the regulators and the industry they are supposed to regulate. Objectionable practices include ‘revolving doors’ between the regulators and the industry, heavy reliance on unpublished papers produced by the industry while dismissing papers published by independent scientists, and strong covert influence on the regulatory process by industry. Although this paper focuses on the European Union (EU), the situation is much the same in the United States.
Collapse
|
145
|
Yu KJ, Ji DY, Hsieh ML, Chuang CK, Pang ST, Weng WH. EPA Modulates KLK Genes via miR-378: A Potential Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35681793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that miRNA-378a-3p (miR-378) could be induced by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid. Herein, we first demonstrated how miR-378 exerts anti-prostate cancer (PCa) actions by influencing multiple target genes, including KLK2, KLK4, KLK6, and KLK14, which are implicated in PCa development, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Furthermore, these genes also correlate with androgen and mTOR signaling transduction, and are considered pivotal pathways for the onset and progression of PCa. In total, four PCa cell lines and eight pairing tissues (tumor vs. normal) from clinical PCa patients were included in the current study. The results showed high significance after EPA induced tumor cells containing higher expression levels of miR-378, and led the PCa cells having low cell viabilities, and they progressed to apoptosis when compared with normal prostate cells (p < 0.001). The findings indicated that EPA might become a potential therapy for PCa, especially because it is derived from the components of natural fish oil; it may prove to be a great help for solving the problem of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Collapse
|
146
|
Burkhart CS, Dell-Kuster S, Touchie C. Who can do this procedure? Using entrustable professional activities to determine curriculum and entrustment in anesthesiology - An international survey. Med Teach 2022; 44:672-678. [PMID: 35021934 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.2020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As competency-based curricula get increasing attention in postgraduate medical education, Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are gaining in popularity. The aim of this survey was to determine the use of EPAs in anesthesiology training programs across Europe and North America. METHODS A survey was developed and distributed to anesthesiology residency training program directors in Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, USA and Canada. A convergent design mixed-methods approach was used to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data. RESULTS The survey response rate was 38% (108 of 284). Seven percent of respondents used EPAs for making entrustment decisions. Fifty-three percent of institutions have not implemented any specific system to make such decisions. The majority of respondents agree that EPAs should become an integral part of the training of residents in anesthesiology as they are universal and easy to use. CONCLUSION Although recommended by several national societies, EPAs are used in few anesthesiology training programs. Over half of responding programs have no specific system for making entrustment decisions. Although several countries are adopting or planning to adopt EPAs and national societies are recommending the use of EPAs as a framework in their competency-based programs, few are yet using these to make "competence" decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salome Dell-Kuster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Touchie
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Gao B, Zeng S, Maccioni L, Shi X, Armando A, Quehenberger O, Zhang X, Stärkel P, Schnabl B. Lipidomics for the Prediction of Progressive Liver Disease in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Metabolites 2022; 12:433. [PMID: 35629937 PMCID: PMC9146183 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease is a public health care burden globally. Only 10-20% of patients with alcohol use disorder have progressive liver disease. This study aimed to identify lipid biomarkers for the early identification of progressive alcohol-related liver disease, which is a key step for early intervention. We performed untargeted lipidomics analysis in serum and fecal samples for a cohort of 49 subjects, including 17 non-alcoholic controls, 16 patients with non-progressive alcohol-related liver disease, and 16 patients with progressive alcohol-related liver disease. The serum and fecal lipidome profiles in the two patient groups were different from that in the controls. Nine lipid biomarkers were identified that were significantly different between patients with progressive liver disease and patients with non-progressive liver disease in both serum and fecal samples. We further built a random forest model to predict progressive alcohol-related liver disease using nine lipid biomarkers. Fecal lipids performed better (Area Under the Curve, AUC = 0.90) than serum lipids (AUC = 0.79). The lipid biomarkers identified are promising candidates for the early identification of progressive alcohol-related liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.Z.); (A.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.Z.); (A.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Xiaochun Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Aaron Armando
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.Z.); (A.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.Z.); (A.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.Z.); (A.A.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Mengelberg A, Leathem J, Podd J, Hill S, Conlon C. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on cognition and well-being in mild cognitive impairment: A 12-month randomised controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5707. [PMID: 35373862 PMCID: PMC9321856 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several recent clinical trials have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements have a significant effect on cognition in cognitively impaired older adults. This randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the cognitive effects of a DHA fish oil supplement in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and to examine the moderating effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele on cognition and well-being. METHODS/DESIGN Seventy-two older adults between the ages of 60 and 90 from New Zealand were given a DHA supplement equivalent to 1491 mg DHA + 351 mg eicosapentaenoic acid per day or a placebo for a period of 12 months. Outcome measures included cognition, wellbeing and self-rated quality of life as well as height, weight, blood pressure and APOE genotyping. RESULTS The final analysis (n = 60) found no evidence of a treatment effect on cognitive measures, although did find a treatment effect on systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03, ƞ2 = 0.08), and a treatment interaction for APOE ɛ4 carriers on depression (p = 0.04, ƞ2 = 0.07) and anxiety (p = 0.02, ƞ2 = 0.09) scores in favour of the DHA supplement. CONCLUSIONS Despite no effect on cognition, the positive result in APOE ɛ4 carriers on depression and anxiety scores and on systolic blood pressure justifies further DHA trials. It may be a prudent step going forward for more studies to replicate the design elements (dose, duration and cognitive measures) of previous DHA trials to help understand why not all older adults appear to benefit from taking a fish oil supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Mengelberg
- School of PsychologyMassey University WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Janet Leathem
- School of PsychologyMassey University WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - John Podd
- School of PsychologyMassey University ManawatuPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Stephen Hill
- School of PsychologyMassey University ManawatuPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Cathryn Conlon
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey University AlbanyAucklandNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Hao Y, Feng Y, Yan X, Chen L, Zhong R, Tang X, Shen W, Sun Q, Sun Z, Ren Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Gut microbiota-testis axis: FMT improves systemic and testicular micro-environment to increase semen quality in type 1 diabetes. Mol Med 2022; 28:45. [PMID: 35468731 PMCID: PMC9036783 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data suggest that male reproductive dysfunction especially infertility is a critical issue for type 1 diabetic patient (T1D) because most of them are at the reproductive age. Gut dysbiosis is involved in T1D related male infertility. However, the improved gut microbiota can be used to boost spermatogenesis and male fertility in T1D remains incompletely understood. METHODS T1D was established in ICR (CD1) mice with streptozotocin. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) improved gut microbiota (fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from AOS improved gut microbiota; A10-FMT) was transplanted into the T1D mice by oral administration. Semen quality, gut microbiota, blood metabolism, liver, and spleen tissues were determined to investigate the beneficial effects of A10-FMT on spermatogenesis and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We found that A10-FMT significantly decreased blood glucose and glycogen, and increased semen quality in streptozotocin-induced T1D subjects. A10-FMT improved T1D-disturbed gut microbiota, especially the increase in small intestinal lactobacillus, and blood and testicular metabolome to produce n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ameliorate spermatogenesis and semen quality. Moreover, A10-FMT can improve spleen and liver functions to strengthen the systemic environment for sperm development. FMT from gut microbiota of control animals (Con-FMT) produced some beneficial effects; however, to a smaller extent. CONCLUSIONS AOS-improved gut microbiota (specific microbes) may serve as a novel, promising therapeutic approach for the improvement of semen quality and male fertility in T1D patients via gut microbiota-testis axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Yanni Feng
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Sun
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Urology Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Ren
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Yong Zhao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
van Essen L, Olgers TJ, van Heel M, Ter Maaten JC. Quality assessment of point-of-care ultrasound reports for patients at the emergency d epartment treated by internists. Ultrasound J 2022; 14:15. [PMID: 35445988 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-022-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound) is an important diagnostic tool for several medical specialties. To provide safe patient care, the quality of this exam should be as high as possible. This includes solid documentation with a written report and the availability of images for review. However, international guidelines or publications about this quality assessment and its application in clinical practice are scarce. METHODS We designed a criteria-checklist to evaluate the quality of POCUS examinations. This checklist was made based on international guidelines and protocols and was validated by a Dutch expert group using the nominal group technique (NGT). All POCUS exams in general internal medicine patients documented between August 2019 and November 2020 in our ED were evaluated using this checklist. RESULTS A total of 169 exams were included. In general, the compliance for most important criteria was high, but not optimal. A clinical question or indication for the POCUS exam was stated in 75.7% of cases. The completeness of all standard views differed per indication, but was lower when more than one standard view was required. Labels were provided in 83.5% of the saved images, while 90.8% of all examinations showed a written conclusion. CONCLUSIONS Our research showed that the overall quality of documentation varies with regard to several important criteria. Suboptimal compliance of documentation may have adverse effects on patient safety. We have developed a checklist which can be used to improve POCUS documentation.
Collapse
|