101
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Mansour YA, Mosallam EMM, Hussein S, Elleithy EMM, Moussa IM, Mubarak AS, Dawoud TM, Alsubki RA, Alhaji JH, Hemeg HA, El-Bargeesy GAH. Immunolocalization of androgen and vitamin D receptors in the epididymis of mature ram ( Ovis aries). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:217-23. [PMID: 33424300 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study illustrated the immunohistochemical distribution of androgen and vitamin D receptors of epididymis in 20 sexually mature ram (Rahmani breed) with average age ranged from (2_4) years and average weight ranged from (50_65kg). Androgen receptor was localized in the cytoplasm of both ciliated and non ciliated cells of efferent ductules, besides the principal cells via the entire epididymal duct. The principal cells of both corpus and proximal cauda epididymis showed the highest immunoreactivity to androgen receptors. Furthermore, vitamin D receptor was localized in the cytoplasm of all epithelium of the efferent ductules besides principal cells of all epididymal regions, however the immunoreaction was significantly higher in the efferent ductules, distal caput and distal cauda epididymis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the function of ram epididymis is regulated by both androgen and Vitamin D.
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102
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Rompala GR, Ferguson C, Homanics GE. Coincubation of sperm with epididymal extracellular vesicle preparations from chronic intermittent ethanol-treated mice is sufficient to impart anxiety-like and ethanol-induced behaviors to adult progeny. Alcohol 2020; 87:111-120. [PMID: 32445808 PMCID: PMC7484209 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that paternal preconception chronic ethanol exposure in mice imparts adult male offspring with reduced ethanol drinking preference and consumption, increased ethanol sensitivity, and attenuated stress responsivity. That same chronic ethanol exposure paradigm was later revealed to affect the sperm epigenome by altering the abundance of several small noncoding RNAs, a mechanism that mediates the intergenerational effects of numerous paternal environmental exposures. Although recent studies have revealed that the unique RNA signature of sperm is shaped during maturation in the epididymis via extracellular vesicles (EVs), formal demonstration that EVs mediate the effects of paternal preconception perturbations is lacking. Therefore, in the current study we tested the hypothesis that epididymal EV preparations are sufficient to induce intergenerational effects of paternal preconception ethanol exposure on offspring. To test this hypothesis, sperm from ethanol-naïve donors were incubated with epididymal EV preparations from chronic ethanol (Ethanol EV-donor) or control-treated (Control EV-donor) mice prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. Progeny were examined for ethanol- and stress-related behaviors in adulthood. Ethanol EV-donors imparted reduced body weight at weaning and imparted modestly increased limited access ethanol intake to male offspring. Ethanol-EV donors also imparted increased basal anxiety-like behavior and reduced sensitivity to ethanol-induced anxiolysis to female offspring. Although Ethanol EV-donor treatment did not recapitulate the ethanol- or stress-related intergenerational effects of paternal ethanol following natural mating, these results demonstrate that coincubation of sperm with epididymal EV preparations is sufficient to impart intergenerational effects of ethanol through the male germline. This mechanism may generalize to the intergenerational effects of a wide variety of paternal preconception perturbations.
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103
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Elbashir S, Magdi Y, Rashed A, Henkel R, Agarwal A. Epididymal contribution to male infertility: An overlooked problem. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13721. [PMID: 32816323 DOI: 10.1111/and.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of male infertility, excluding assisted conception, are limited because of, but not limited to, poor understanding of sperm post-testicular development and storage. Many may think that sperm dysfunction is only self-contained in the sperm cell itself as a result of defective spermatogenesis. However, it can also be a consequence of inadequate epididymal maturation following disorders of the epididymis. Improper epididymal functions can disturb semen parameters and sperm DNA integrity, result in high leucocyte concentrations and high numbers of immature germ cells and debris or even cause idiopathic infertility. To date, the data are limited regarding critical markers of sperm maturation and studies that can identify such markers for diagnosis and managing epididymal dysfunction are scarce. Therefore, this article aims to draw attention to recognise a disturbed epididymal environment as a potential cause of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Elbashir
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Magdi
- Al-Yasmeen Fertility and Gynecology Center, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ayman Rashed
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, 6th of October University, Egypt
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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104
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Wang X, Li T, Yin D, Chen N, An X, Zhao X, Ma Y. Distinct expression and localization patterns of HSP70 in developmental reproductive organs of rams. Gene 2020; 760:145029. [PMID: 32758578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been widely reported to play a vital role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis, mainly through cellular protection and immune regulation. The expression and function of HSP70 can vary depending upon species and age. To explore the expression signatures and regulatory functions of HSP70 in the reproductive organs of male sheep, we evaluated the expression and distribution patterns of HSP70 in the testes and epididymides (caput, corpus, and cauda) of Tibetan sheep at three developmental stages (i.e., 3 months, 1 year and 3 years after birth) by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. HSP70 was found to be expressed in testes, caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides throughout the developmental stages but is mainly expressed postpuberty (1 year and 3 years old). Immunofluorescence results revealed that in the testes, a positive reaction for HSP70 protein was mainly seen in round spermatids and luminal sperms from the groups aged 1 year and 3 years. In caput epididymides, the positive signals for HSP70 protein was notably observed in sperm and principal cells of the epididymal epithelium from the groups aged 1 year and 3 years, and positive signals in the epididymal interstitium were found in all three age groups. In corpus and cauda epididymides, HSP70 protein was present in the epididymal epithelium and interstitium, and the positive signals gradually increased with age. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Tibetan sheep HSP70 may play a crucial role in further development and maturation of postmeiotic germ cells and participate in regulation of intraepididymal homeostasis maintenance in Tibetan sheep.
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105
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Meng LJ, Wang WY, Xu YJ, Gong T, Yang Y. Postnatal differentiation and regional histological variations in the ductus epididymidis of the Congjiang Xiang pig. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101411. [PMID: 32835944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Congjiang Xiang pig is a rare Chinese miniature breed whose epididymal histologic features through the postnatal development are poorly understood. To clarify the histomorphological differences between each region of epididymis during postnatal development, 24 male Congjiang Xiang pigs aged from neonatal (15 d), peri-puberty (30 d), puberty (60 d) to adult (180 d) stages, were examined. Postnatal differentiation of the different regions (I-V) of the epididymis started from birth and continued until maturity that showed regional variations. Developmental progression was disto-proximal. At the neonatal stage, Wolffian duct differentiation starts in the distal region, then ascends to the middle region which forms regions V, IV and III, respectively. A simple lined cuboidal in the epidydimal epithelial, which gradually differentiated into a pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia from neonatal to post-pubertal. After puberty cell rearrangement occurred in the epithelium, differentiation accelerated, and spermatozoon seen in the lumen, especially the lumen of region II. In region III, both halo and apical cells were frequently observed. At the post-pubertal stage, clear cells were frequently observed in Region IV-V, and the epididymal duct was markedly increased in size and fully packed with spermatozoa. The information presented in this study will be helpful for future evaluations of Congjiang Xiang pig fertility. After puberty cell rearrangement occurred in the epithelium, differentiation accelerated, and spermatozoon seen in the lumen, especially the lumen of region II. In region III, both halo and apical cells were frequently observed. At the post-pubertal stage, clear cells were frequently observed in Region IV-V, and the epididymal duct was markedly increased in size and fully packed with spermatozoa. The information presented in this study will be helpful for future evaluations of Congjiang Xiang pig fertility.
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106
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Vieira HR, Gonçalves GD, Vieira NA, Erthal RP, Sampaio CF, Pinto IC, Silva TNX, de Lion Siervo GEM, Cecchini R, Guarnier FA, Fernandes GSA. Pulmonary Emphysema Impairs Male Reproductive Physiology Due To Testosterone and Oxidative Stress Imbalance in Mesocricetus auratus. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:2052-2062. [PMID: 32557123 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether pulmonary emphysema affects sperm quality, male reproductive organs, and testosterone levels in adult male hamsters. Mesocricetus auratus males (130-150 g) were subdivided into a control group (C group) and an emphysema group (E group). The C group received an intratracheal instillation of saline solution (0.3 mL/100 g of body weight), and the E group received papain (40 mg/100 g of body weight). After 60 days, the biometric, pulmonary, and reproductive parameters of each group were evaluated. The E group developed pulmonary emphysema, which decreased body weight and sperm quality compared to the C group. In oxidative stress-related assays, lipid peroxidation was increased in the testis and epididymis (caput and cauda) in the E group compared with the C group. However, only the caput epididymis showed a reduction in glutathione levels. Pulmonary emphysema also affected the testicle by inducing an increase in abnormal seminiferous tubules, accompanied by a decrease in seminiferous epithelium height. Spermatogenesis kinetics were also modified by pulmonary emphysema. The number of Leydig and Sertoli cells decreased in the E group, accompanied by an increase in the nuclear volume of Leydig cells. Testosterone concentration was increased in the E group. Similarly, pulmonary emphysema altered epididymal components in all regions. In conclusion, pulmonary emphysema affected the reproductive system in this experimental model, as shown by testicular and epididymal morphophysiology changes, hormonal alteration, and oxidative stress imbalance, inducing the loss of correct function in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Pires Erthal
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gláucia Eloisa Munhoz de Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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107
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Park YJ, Rahman MS, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Kim B, Pang MG. Bisphenol A affects the maturation and fertilization competence of spermatozoa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110512. [PMID: 32244115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although there are numerous studies on bisphenol A (BPA) on the testis and spermatozoa, the effect of BPA on the physiological link between the testis and maturation of spermatozoa has not been studied. To provide an optimal environment (acidic pH) for sperm maturation in the epididymis, clear cells secrete protons and principal cells reabsorb bicarbonate and the secreted proton. Because of its crucial role in sperm maturation and fertility, functional changes in the epididymis following BPA exposure must be considered to fully understand the mechanisms of BPA on male fertility. Here, we identified the adverse effects of BPA exposure during puberty in male mice. CD-1 male mice were gavaged daily with vehicle (corn oil) and 50 mg BPA/kg-BW for 6 weeks. We determined the changes in epididymis, functional sperm parameters including motility, capacitation status, tyrosine phosphorylation, and fertility-related protein expression and in vitro and in vivo fertility rate following BPA exposure. Expression of vacuolar-type H + -ATPase is necessary for the secretion of protons by clear cells of the caput epididymis and was directly down-regulated following BPA exposure, while there were no changes in the other epithelial cell types in the epididymis. Also, pERK 1/2 signaling pathway was increased significantly in the caput epididymis following BPA exposure. Consequently, the luminal pH slightly increased, resulting in premature capacitation of spermatozoa. Moreover, there was a significant loss of the acrosomal membrane following an increase of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, while PKA activity decreased during sperm capacitation. Fertility-related proteins also showed aberrant expression upon BPA exposure. These modifications resulted in decreased male fertility in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongki Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam-do, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Erthal RP, Siervo G, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Fattori V, Pescim RR, Verri WA, Fernandes G. Impairment of postnatal epididymal development and immune microenvironment following administration of low doses of malathion during juvenile and peripubertal periods of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1487-1496. [PMID: 32495713 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120930076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide widely used for agricultural crops and for vector control of Aedes aegypti. Humans are exposed to this environmental contaminant by ingesting contaminated food. The juvenile and peripubertal periods are critical for the postnatal development of the epididymis and are when animals are most vulnerable to toxic agents. Since juveniles and adolescents are developing under exposure to the insecticide malathion, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to low doses of malathion on postnatal epididymal development in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to malathion daily via gavage at doses of 10 mg kg-1 (M10 group) or 50 mg kg-1 (M50 group) for 40 days (postnatal days (PNDs) 25-65). The control group received the vehicle (0.9% saline) under the same conditions. On PND 40, the epididymides were removed, weighed and used for histological analysis and determination of the inflammatory profile and sperm count. Sperm from the vas deferens were subjected to sperm motility analysis. The M50 group showed tissue remodelling in the caput and cauda epididymides and increased neutrophil and macrophage migration in the caput epididymis. The M10 group showed decreased motile spermatozoa and IL-6 levels in the caput epididymis. Both doses decreased the IL-1β level and altered the morphology of the same region. These results show that malathion exposure may impair postnatal epididymal development. Furthermore, alterations of the immune system in the epididymal environment are presented as new findings regarding the action of malathion on the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Erthal
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geml Siervo
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L Staurengo-Ferrari
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - V Fattori
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R R Pescim
- Department of Statistics, Exact Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - W A Verri
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gsa Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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109
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Carvalho RKD, Rodrigues TC, Júnior WD, Mota GMP, Andersen ML, Mazaro E Costa R. Short- and long-term exposure to methamidophos impairs spermatogenesis in mice. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:357-364. [PMID: 32405287 PMCID: PMC7218378 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methamidophos (MET) is a pesticide that has toxic properties, including effects on fertility. This study aimed to assess the joint action of treatment time and exposure to methamidophos on the male reproductive system. MET was orally administered to adult male Swiss mice at a dose of 0.004 mg.kg−1 for 15 and 50 consecutive days. The following parameters were evaluated: weight of reproductive organs, spermatogenesis, sperm and Sertoli cell count, daily sperm production and sperm transit time. Short-term exposure to methamidophos induced a decrease in epididymal weight. The frequency of stages V–VI of spermatogenesis increased and the frequency of stage IX decreased. In the epididymis, sperm transit time (caput/corpus) was reduced and the relative sperm number (cauda) increased. Long-term exposure induced an increase in the frequencies of stages I–IV and V-VI and decreased the stages VII-VIII and IX. The number of Sertoli cells with evident nucleoli was reduced in both exposures. These results confirm the reproductive toxicity of MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Karine de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thamyres Cunha Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Walter Dias Júnior
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Ceres, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Mazaro E Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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110
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Peña Barreno C, Gonzalez-Peramato P, Nistal M. Vascular and inflammatory effects of estrogen and anti-androgen therapy in the testis and epididymis of male to female transgender adults. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:37-44. [PMID: 32404255 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The volume of ubiquitous chemicals with estrogenic properties is on the rise and some reports relate the increase in hormonal diseases to these compounds. A morphological and immunohistochemical analysis has been performed on 42 bilateral orchiectomy specimens from adult individuals who underwent gender reassignment surgery after receiving crossed-sex hormone therapy to give insight into vascular, inflammatory and epididymal changes following long-term treatment with estrogens and antiandrogens and raise awareness of the consequences of hormone therapy. The present study confirms previously reported findings in testicular parenchyma and epididymis, such as identification of three histological patterns according to lesion severity and cell dedifferentiation, and reports for the first time vascular and inflammatory lesions (atherosclerosis and vasculitis), both on testicle and epididymis. Cross-sex hormone therapy should be provided in specialized units in order to systematize treatments and ensure adequate follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Peña Barreno
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Gonzalez-Peramato
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Nistal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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111
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Leir SH, Yin S, Kerschner JL, Xia S, Ahmadi S, Bear C, Harris A. An organoid model to assay the role of CFTR in the human epididymis epithelium. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:327-36. [PMID: 32377875 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoid cultures derived from primary human tissues facilitate the study of disease processes and the development of new therapeutics. Most men with cystic fibrosis (CF) are infertile due to defects in the epididymis and vas deferens; however, the causative mechanisms are still unclear. We used human epididymis epithelial cell (HEE) organoids and polarized HEE cell cultures to assay the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the human epididymis. 3D HEE organoids and polarized 2D HEE cell cultures on membrane inserts were established from human caput epididymis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to map cell type-specific gene expression in the organoids. Using forskolin (FSK) to activate CFTR and inhibitor CFTRinh172 to block its activity, we assessed how CFTR contributes to organoid swelling and epithelial barrier function. The scRNA-seq data showed key caput epididymis cell types present in HEE organoid cultures. FSK at 10 μM induced HEE organoid swelling by 20% at 16 h, while 5 and 10 μM CFTRinh172 treatment significantly reduced HEE organoid size. In transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements, FSK reduced TER, while inhibition of CFTR increased TER; also, depletion of CFTR with specific siRNAs significantly increased TER. FSK treatment significantly increased the flux of 4-kDa but not 70-kDa dextran, suggesting activation of CFTR mainly enhances transcellular diffusion. We have demonstrated that CFTR contributes to the maintenance of HEE cell TER and that cultured HEE organoids are a useful model to investigate human epididymis function. These results facilitate progress in elucidating how CFTR-dependent cellular processes impair fertility in CF.
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112
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Minami K, Arai-Aso MM, Ogura-Kodama Y, Yamada A, Kishida K, Sakase M, Fukushima M, Harayama H. Characteristics of bull sperm acrosome associated 1 proteins. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 218:106479. [PMID: 32507260 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An atypical distribution of sperm acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins [which include sperm acrosome associated 1 (SPACA1) proteins] may be related to the relatively lesser pregnancy rates when semen of some bulls are used for artificial insemination (AI). There may also be these associations with bull SPACA1 proteins that are translocated from the equatorial segment to the anterior part in the acrosomes during sperm maturation in the normally functioning epididymis. The aim of the present study, therefore, was assessment of the characteristics of bull SPACA1 proteins. Results from immunocytochemical evaluations indicate there were large variations in sperm percentages with typically distributed SPACA1 proteins in acrosomes of cauda epididymal sperm samples (7%-95%). These values were positively correlated with percentages of epididymal spermatozoa with typically distributed acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (r=0.8564, P<0.001). Results indicate there are individual differences in translocation of SPACA1 proteins in the epididymis during sperm maturation, and that SPACA1 protein is one of the main determinants for the typical distribution of acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. In addition, conception rates as a result of AI using cryopreserved spermatozoa tended to be associated with percentages of epididymal spermatozoa with typically distributed SPACA1 proteins. Results from sucrose gradient centrifugation fractionation experiments indicate SPACA1 proteins are sperm membrane raft-associated proteins. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that there is an association between bull subfertility when semen is used for AI and epididymal dysfunctions in the arrangement of membrane lipid rafts during sperm maturation.
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113
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Kumar A, Yadav B, Swain DK, Anand M, Madan AK, Yadav RKS, Kushawaha B, Yadav S. Dynamics of HSPA1A and redox status in the spermatozoa and fluid from different segments of goat epididymis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:509-517. [PMID: 32207084 PMCID: PMC7193003 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was attempted to investigate the dynamics of HSPA1A and redox status in the spermatozoa and fluid of different segments of buck epididymis. Testes were collected from sexually mature and healthy bucks aged between 2 and 3 years. The fluid and spermatozoa from different segments (caput, corpus and cauda) were harvested for further processing and analysis. The concentration of HSPA1A in spermatozoa lysate and epididymal fluid and its relative mRNA expression in spermatozoa from different segments of epididymis were studied. The HSPA1A concentration in epididymal fluid was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the corpus as compared with caput and cauda, whereas, its concentration and relative mRNA expression decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the spermatozoa from caput to cauda. The activities of SOD, GR, GST, and concentrations of manoldialdehyde and ROS decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the spermatozoa from caput to cauda. The glutathione concentration and GPx activity decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the spermatozoa of cauda as compared with the corpus. The SOD activity and ROS concentration were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in corpus, and GR and GST activity were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in caput fluid as compared with corpus and cauda. It may be concluded that HSPA1A concentration and its relative mRNA expression in spermatozoa decreased progressively, and redox status was altered during transit from caput to cauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar
- College of Biotechnology, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dilip Kumar Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Anand
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Madan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Kushawaha
- College of Biotechnology, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarvajeet Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Han Y, Zhao Y, Si W, Jiang X, Wu J, Na R, Han Y, Li K, Yang L, E G, Zeng Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Temporal expression of the KISS1/GPR54 system in goats' testes and epididymides and its spatial expression in pubertal goats. Theriogenology 2020; 152:114-121. [PMID: 32388039 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by the KISS1 gene, and its receptor GPR54 are essential in puberty onset and male fertility due to their central regulatory roles. However, the roles of KISS1/GPR54 in peripheral tissues remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the temporal expression patterns of KISS1/GPR54 in goat testes and epididymides and its spatial expression patterns in pubertal goats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that kisspeptin/GPR54 were localized in Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells of pubertal goats' testis, as well as in principal and basal cells of the epididymis. RT-PCR revealed a marked variation in the KISS1/GPR54 expressions in the testes and epididymides from the age of first week to adulthood. KISS1 and GPR54 mRNA levels in testes decreased from the age of first week to two months and then increased from two months to puberty and adulthood. The KISS1 and GPR54 mRNA levels in Leydig cells decreased from the age of one week to two months and increased from two months to puberty, and then decreased from puberty to adulthood. Only GPR54 mRNA levels in the epididymides increased from the age of one week to two months and puberty, and then decreased from puberty to adulthood. RT-PCR analysis showed the different spatial expression patterns of KISS1/GPR54 in pubertal goat tissues. The KISS1 mRNA level was high in the hypothalamus, moderate in pancreas, liver, epididymis and testis; and low in the other tissues. The GPR54 expression was high in the pancreas and testis; moderate in pituitary, hypothalamus and mesenteric lymph node; and low in the other tissues. In conclusion, the KISS1/GPR54 system possessed distinct temporal expression profiles in goats' testes and epididymides, as well as different spatial expression patterns in pubertal goat tissues, which implied the possible local role of this system in goats' testes, epididymides, and other peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuhetian Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijiang Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Risu Na
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqing Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Animal Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangxin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yongfu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wazwaz B, Murshed K, Musa E, Taha N, Akhtar M. Epididymal leiomyoadenomatoid tumor: A case report with literature review. Urol Case Rep 2020; 32:101226. [PMID: 32396148 PMCID: PMC7205739 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary epididymal tumors are rare. Adenomatoid tumors comprise 30% of paratesticular tumors. They are benign neoplasms originating from mesothelial cells. On the other hand, leiomyomas, originating from smooth muscle cells, are less common in paratesticular region. Leiomyoadenomatoid tumor is a benign tumor which combines the morphologic features of adenomatoid tumor and leiomyoma. To the best of knowledge, only two cases of leiomyoadenomatoid tumor in the paratesticular location have been reported in the literature. We document another such case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Wazwaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eiman Musa
- Department of Radiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noheir Taha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Akhtar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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de Almeida Kiguti LR, Pacheco TL, Antunes E, Kempinas WDG. Lorcaserin Administration has Pro-Ejaculatory Effects in Rats via 5-HT 2C Receptors Activation: A Putative Pharmacologic Strategy to Delayed Ejaculation? J Sex Med 2020; 17:1060-1071. [PMID: 32234370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lorcaserin is an anti-obesity drug whose weight loss effect results from 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT)2C receptors activation. The 5-HT2C receptor was shown to participate in the physiological control of ejaculation, but no data addressing a putative effect of lorcaserin on ejaculation exist. AIM To investigate the effects of lorcaserin in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models of ejaculation in rats. METHODS Contractile responses to lorcaserin in rat seminal emission organs in vitro (prostatic and epididymal vas deferens, cauda epididymis, and seminal vesicles), analysis of male rat copulatory behavior, and electromyographic recording of bulbospongiosus muscle in anesthetized animals were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures included in vitro contraction of seminal emission organs and evaluation of the male rat copulatory behavior. The male rat sexual behavior in terms of copulation latency, ejaculation latency, mount and intromission frequency, and ejaculation frequency of sexually experienced adult male rats with a receptive female were also recorded. RESULTS Lorcaserin (1.0 nM to 1.0 mM) had no significant effects on the in vitro contractility of seminal emission organs smooth muscle (cauda epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles). On the other hand, lorcaserin administration (0.3-1.0 mg/kg, intravenous) induced ejaculation in anesthetized rats, which was prevented by the 5-HT2C-selective antagonist SB 242084 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, intravenous). Single-dose treatment of non-anesthetized male rats with lorcaserin (1.0, 4.0, or 10 mg/kg, per os) induced non-copulating ejaculations in sexually naïve rats. Lorcaserin also had pro-ejaculation effects by decreasing the ejaculation threshold of copulating rats by half. The pro-ejaculatory effects of lorcaserin were reversible as the ejaculation threshold of treated rats recovered after a 1-week washout period. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Due to its reported clinical safety, repurposing lorcaserin for the treatment of delayed ejaculation may be suggested. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The pro-ejaculatory effect of lorcaserin administration and the role of 5-HT2C were demonstrated in different experimental models of ejaculation in rats. The lack of studies in putative experimental models of delayed ejaculation is a limitation of this study. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the clinically approved 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin is a strong facilitator of ejaculation in rats. de Almeida Kiguti LR, Pacheco TL, Antunes E, et al. Lorcaserin Administration has Pro-Ejaculatory Effects in Rats via 5-HT2C Receptors Activation: A Putative Pharmacologic Strategy to Delayed Ejaculation? J Sex Med 2020;17:1060-1071.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tainá Louise Pacheco
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology (ReproTox), Department of Morphology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Wilma de Grava Kempinas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology (ReproTox), Department of Morphology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Yuan Z, Wang Y, Yu W, Xie W, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Han Y, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor in the epididymides in the wild ground squirrels (Citellus Dauricus Brandt). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 289:113391. [PMID: 31917151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the seasonal expressions of oxytocin (OT), oxytocin receptor (OTR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and phospho-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrels (Citellus Dauricus Brandt) during the breeding season and non-breeding season. Histological results showed that size, weight, cell number and lumen diameter of epididymis underwent acute seasonal changes, which were all peaked in the breeding season. Immunohistochemical results suggested that strong staining of OT, OTR, ERK1/2, and pERK1/2 were observed in the epithelial layer in the whole epididymis, along with intense OT and OTR signal in smooth muscle cell (Smc) in caudal epididymis in the breeding season. The protein expression levels of OTR, ERK1/2, and pERK1/2 in the epididymis were higher in the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. Besides, hormone assay revealed that there was no significant serum concentration of OT in these two periods, while epididymal concentration showed higher value in the breeding season. In summary, the identified localization and local concentration of OT in the epididymis in the wild ground squirrel suggested that epididymis may assume as a source of OT, and OT could act via OTR to activate ERK1/2 signaling to regulate seasonal epididymal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyang Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenqian Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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118
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Alruwaii F, Grignon DJ, Idrees MT. Smooth muscle hyperplasia of the testicular adnexa: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. Hum Pathol 2020; 99:27-35. [PMID: 32220606 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle hyperplasia of the testicular adnexa (SMH-TA) is a rare mass-forming intrascrotal lesion. Although benign, it can be a diagnostic challenge, as we have seen in our consult practice. Herein, we discuss our experience with these lesions over 14 years. Twelve SMH-TA cases were identified in our institutional records between 2005 and 2019. The morphologic features were reviewed. Clinical information was obtained from physicians' notes. The mean age was 51 years (range, 24-82 years). Six cases were on the left side, five on the right, and one was bilateral. The most common presentations were orchialgia (n = 10) and mass (n = 6). Two patients had a concurrent incarcerated inguinal hernia, and one had a recent groin trauma. Past medical history included 5 patients with previous surgeries in the inguinal region, 2 with a history of treated infections, and 1 with persistent chronic orchitis. Eight patients have undergone ultrasound imaging which showed lesions (n = 4), hematoma (n = 1), undescended testis (n = 1), or no abnormalities (n = 2). Grossly, the mean size was 1.7 cm (range, 1.0-3 cm). The lesions had ill-defined, focally cystic, pink-tan nodular surface. Microscopically, the lesions were comprised of an ill-defined smooth muscle proliferation arranged in fascicles or haphazard fashion, growing in a periductal, perivascular, interstitial, or most commonly in a mixed pattern. SMH-TA is a rare benign entity that can present clinically as orchialgia and/or a suspicious intrascrotal mass. As suggested in previous studies, we believe that this lesion represents a reactive process.
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Abstract
Diagnostic imaging is one of the most important tools in the breeding soundness evaluation of dogs and cats with reproduction problems. In recent years several imaging techniques have been developed, trying to aid the diagnosis and to differentiate between abnormal findings. This review presents the current knowledge on the imaging of normal and abnormal testes, spermatic cord, excurrent duct system, scrotum, accessory sex glands, penis and muscles for protrusion, erection and ejaculation of the dog and of cat. It also highlights the weak points and disadvantages of each imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mantziaras
- EchoVet Small Animal Clinic, Kifissias Avenue 22, Marousi, Athens, 15125, Greece.
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120
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Wang H, Peng Y, Fu W, Hu X, Li C, Guan J. MRI findings of obstructive azoospermia: lesions in and out of pelvic cavity. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:851-64. [PMID: 31897684 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive azoospermia (OA) is caused by excurrent duct obstruction, which can occur anywhere along the course of the male reproductive tract and is classically characterized by normal spermatogenesis. To be familiar with the imaging anatomy of normal and abnormal male genital ducts is essential to the diagnosis of OA. In some circumstances, OA can also be related to some specific syndromes; thus, making an accurate diagnosis may require an integral view of the whole abdomen and pelvis. MR is a great complementary imaging modality either for the detection of obstructive factors, especially for characterization of those indeterminate features on ultrasound, or for the identification of specific syndromes related to OA. In this article, a series of patients with OA caused by different kinds of lesions in and out of the pelvic cavity (abdomen) shown on MR imaging were included, and some cases of specific syndromes related to OA were also reviewed.
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121
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Song SH, Afşarlar ÇE, Xie HW, Hung AJ, Koh CJ. Estimating the time of onset of testicular torsion using ultrasonography in an experimental rat model. Ultrasonography 2020; 39:152-158. [PMID: 32098458 PMCID: PMC7065987 DOI: 10.14366/usg.19055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to document the time of onset of ultrasonographic and histologic changes in the testes of a rat model following testicular torsion. Methods Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. All animals underwent preoperative Doppler ultrasonography. Groups 1, 2, and 3 underwent unilateral surgical torsion of the testis lasting for 72, 24, and 6 hours, respectively. Group 4 underwent a sham operation. The animals were followed with Doppler ultrasonography at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Histologic examinations were performed at the designated final time point for each group. Results After torsion, enlargement of the epididymal head and thickening of the spermatic cord over time were noted. Based on the ultrasonographic dimensions,
the ratio of the epididymal volume increased with time following torsion (p=0.002). The torsed testes had an average weight gain of 0.27 g at 6 hours compared to the control testes, but an average weight loss of 0.22 g at 72 hours (P=0.006). Changes in testicular echotexture were noted as soon as 6 hours after torsion, but there was no consistent pattern of echotexture change thereafter. Histologically, viable tubules were seen 6 hours after torsion, while extensive hemorrhagic necrosis was found at 72 hours. Conclusion In evaluating testicular torsion, the enlargement ratio of the epididymis and thickening of the spermatic cord on Doppler ultrasonography may be useful for determining the urgency of immediate surgery. Changes in testicular echotexture may not be a reliable indicator of the time of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Song
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Çağatay E Afşarlar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Hui Wen Xie
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Hung
- University of Southern California (USC) Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chester J Koh
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Kelsey KM, Zigo M, Thompson WE, Kerns K, Manandhar G, Sutovsky M, Sutovsky P. Reciprocal surface expression of arylsulfatase A and ubiquitin in normal and defective mammalian spermatozoa. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 379:561-576. [PMID: 31897834 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Defective mammalian spermatozoa are marked on their surface by proteolytic chaperone ubiquitin. To identify potential ubiquitinated substrates in the defective spermatozoa, we resolved bull sperm protein extracts on a two-dimensional gel and isolated a 64-65-kDa spot (p64) corresponding to one of the major ubiquitin-immunoreactive bands observed in the one-dimensional Western blots. Immune serum raised against this protein recognized a prominent, possibly glycosylated band/spot in the range of 55-68 kDa, consistent with the original spot used for immunization. Internal sequences obtained by Edman degradation of this spot matched the sequence of arylsulfatase A (ARSA), the sperm acrosomal enzyme thought to be important for fertility. By immunofluorescence, a prominent signal was detected on the acrosomal surface (boar and bull) and on the sperm tail principal piece (bull). A second immune serum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an immunogenic internal sequence (GTGKSPRRTL) of the porcine ARSA also labeled sperm acrosome and principal piece. Both sera showed diminished immunoreactivity in the defective bull spermatozoa co-labeled with an anti-ubiquitin antibody. Western blotting and image-based flow cytometry (IBFC) confirmed a reduced ARSA immunoreactivity in the immotile sperm fraction rich in ubiquitinated spermatozoa. Larger than expected ARSA-immunoreactive bands were found in sperm protein extracts immunoprecipitated with anti-ubiquitin antibodies and affinity purified with matrix-bound, recombinant ubiquitin-binding UBA domain. These bands did not show the typical pattern of ARSA glycosylation but overlapped with bands preferentially binding the Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) lectin. By both epifluorescence microscopy and IBFC, the LCA binding was increased in the ubiquitinated spermatozoa with diminished ARSA immunoreactivity. ARSA was also found in the epididymal fluid suggesting that in addition to intrinsic ARSA expression in the testis, epididymal spermatozoa take up ARSA on their surface during the epididymal passage. We conclude that sperm surface ARSA is one of the ubiquitinated sperm surface glycoproteins in defective bull spermatozoa. Defective sperm surface thus differs from normal sperm surface by increased ubiquitination, reduced ARSA binding, and altered glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kelsey
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
| | - Michal Zigo
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA.
| | - Winston E Thompson
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Health Program, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Karl Kerns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
| | - Gaurishankar Manandhar
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Miriam Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Ramírez ND, Luque EM, Jones XM, Torres PJ, Moreira Espinoza MJ, Cantarelli V, Ponzio MF, Arja A, Rabaglino MB, Martini AC. Modulatory effects of ghrelin on sperm quality alterations induced by a fructose-enriched diet. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02886. [PMID: 31844755 PMCID: PMC6895644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the effects of a fructose enriched diet (FED) on rat sperm quality, epididymal function (i.e. oxidative stress and alpha-glucosidase expression) and testosterone concentrations; 2) to determine if the administration of ghrelin (Ghrl), reverses the effects induced by FED. After validating the protocol as an inductor of metabolic syndrome like-symptoms, adult male rats were assigned to one of the following treatments for 8 weeks: FED = 10% fructose enriched in water (v/v); FED + Ghrl = fructose enriched diet plus Ghrl (6 nmol/animal/day, s.c.) from week 6-8; or C = water without fructose (n = 5-10 animals/group). FED significantly decreased sperm concentration and motile sperm count/ml vs C (FED: 19.0 ± 1.6 × 106sperm/ml and 834.6 ± 137.0, respectively vs C: 25.8 ± 2.8 × 106 and 1300.4 ± 202.4, respectively; p < 0.05); ghrelin injection reversed this negative effect (23.5 ± 1.6 × 106sperm/ml and 1381.7 ± 71.3 respectively). FED resulted in hypogonadism, but Ghrl could not normalize testosterone concentrations (C: 1.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml vs FED: 0.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml and FED + Ghrl: 0.6 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p < 0.05). Ghrelin did not reverse metabolic abnormalities secondary to FED. FED did not alter epididymal expression of antioxidants enzymes (superoxido-dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases -Gpx-). Nevertheless, FED + Ghrl significantly increased the expression of Gpx3 (FED + Ghrl: 3.47 ± 0.48 vs FED: 0.69 ± 0.28 and C: 1.00 ± 0.14; p < 0.05). The expression of neutral alpha-glucosidase, which is a marker of epididymal function, did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, the administration of Ghrl modulated the negative effects of FED on sperm quality, possibly by an epididymal increase in Gpx3 expression. However, Ghrl could not neither normalize the metabolism of FED animals, nor reverse hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás David Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Mercedes Luque
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Xaviar Michael Jones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Javier Torres
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros esq, Enfermera Gordillo, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María José Moreira Espinoza
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros esq, Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Cantarelli
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros esq, Enfermera Gordillo, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Flavia Ponzio
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros esq, Enfermera Gordillo, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Arja
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Rabaglino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros esq, Enfermera Gordillo, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Martini
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros esq, Enfermera Gordillo, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Tabecka-Lonczynska A, Mytych J, Solek P, Koziorowski M. Autophagy as a consequence of seasonal functions of testis and epididymis in adult male European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758). Cell Tissue Res 2020; 379:613-24. [PMID: 31705214 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The European bison is still an animal endangered with extinction, so by learning factors that regulate its reproduction, we can contribute to the survival of this species. On the other hand, autophagy is a dynamic, lisosomal, and evolutionary conserved process which is essential for animal cell survival, homeostasis, and differentiation. This process was demonstrated in many species and in many organs; however, information on the metabolic course of autophagy in the male reproductive system in seasonally reproducing species is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we examined for the first time several autophagy-related factors (mTOR, ULK1, Atg13, PI3K, beclin1, beclin2, Atg14, Atg5, Atg16L, LC3) in testicular and epididymal tissues obtained from adult male individuals of the European bison. We compared the level of gene expression, protein synthesis, and localization of autophagy-related factors between June, September, and December (before, during, and after reproductive activity, respectively). We confirmed that the induction of autophagy was at the highest level in the period after reproductive activity, i.e., in December, when a significant increase in the gene and protein expression was observed for the majority of these factors, probably to ensure cellular protection. However, autophagy was also clearly marked in September, during the intense spermatogenesis, and this may indicate a great demand for autophagy-related proteins required for the normal development of reproductive cells. Obtained results seem to confirm that autophagy pathway, as a consequence of seasonal reproduction, may control the normal course of spermatogenesis in the male European bison.
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125
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Sangeeta K, Yenugu S. siRNA-mediated knockdown of sperm-associated antigen 11a (Spag11a) mRNA in epididymal primary epithelial cells affects proliferation: a transcriptome analyses. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:601-612. [PMID: 31691005 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differential expression of a variety of proteins in the four major regions of the epididymis contributes to maturation of spermatozoa and region-specific cellular functions as well. Proliferation of epithelial cells of the epididymis is highly controlled and thus is one of the major reasons for the nonoccurrence of cancers in this organ system. The molecular mechanisms and the contribution of region-specific genes in epithelial cell proliferation are not yet fully understood. In this study, for the first time, we analyzed the role of sperm-associated antigen 11a (Spag11a), a caput-specific beta-defensin-like antimicrobial gene in governing epididymal cell proliferation and global gene expression. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Spag11a mRNA in epididymal primary epithelial cells resulted in increased cell proliferation. Out of the 68,842 genes analyzed, 4182 genes were differentially expressed (2154 upregulated and 2028 downregulated). A variety of genes that participate in different cellular processes and pathways were differentially regulated. Genes that are important for epithelial cell proliferation were found to be differentially regulated and these changes were confirmed by real-time PCR. Overexpression of Spag11a in immortalized rat caput epididymal cells resulted in decreased proliferation capacity. Results of this study indicate that Spag11a plays a crucial role in governing epididymal epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sangeeta
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Liu Q, Yu W, Fan S, Zhuang H, Han Y, Zhang H, Yuan Z, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors, 5α-reductases and P450arom in the epididymis of the male muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105433. [PMID: 31376460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormones not only exert various endocrine functions but also act as the autocrine or paracrine factors in different tissues of mammals. In the present study, the seasonal expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ), aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) and 5α-reductase 1, 2 were investigated in the epididymis of the muskrat. HE staining showed enlarged lumen and abundant sperm in the breeding season while reduced lumen with no sperm in the non-breeding season. The staining of AR was presented in nuclei of epithelial cells of the epididymis in both seasons. The immunostaining of ERα was localized in both nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the epididymis during the breeding season, while the weak staining of ERα was only in the nuclei of epithelial cells during the non-breeding season. In contrast, ERβ signal was negative in the epididymis of the muskrat in both seasons. The positive signals for P450arom and 5α-reductase 1, 2 were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial and smooth muscle cells during both seasons. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expression levels of AR, ERα, P450arom and 5α-reductase 1, 2 were significantly higher in the epididymis during the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season, and the expression level of 5α-reductase 1 was higher when compared with 5α-reductase 2. In addition, the levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the epididymis and serum were remarkably higher during the breeding season. Taken together, these findings suggested androgen and estrogen might play an important endocrine or autocrine/paracrine role to regulate the epididymal functions of the muskrat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyang Yu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sijie Fan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haotong Zhuang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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127
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Neuhauser S, Bollwein H, Siuda M, Handler J. Effects of Different Freezing Protocols on Motility, Viability, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Intracellular Calcium Level, and DNA Integrity of Cryopreserved Equine Epididymal Sperm. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 82:102801. [PMID: 31732114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different freezing procedures on sperm motion, viability, the acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular calcium content, and DNA integrity on epididymal stallion sperm. Therefore, the sperm of 10 healthy stallions was harvested by retrograde flushing after testectomy, diluted with a semen extender containing defined milk proteins and a freezing extender containing egg yolk and glycerol and frozen according to 4 different protocols, using a programmable freezer and a floating rack performing a slow (processes 1 and 2) or a fast cooling rate (processes 3 and 4, respectively). Post-thaw total motility and slow sperm values were lower when using process 4 compared with processes 1 and 2 (P < .05) after 1 hour of incubation. Progressive motility was lower in process 4 compared with process 1 immediately after thawing and after 1 hour of incubation (P < .05). The amount of rapid sperm was lower when using process 4 compared with process 1 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, the amount of rapid sperm was lower when using process 4 compared with processes 1 and 2 (P < .05). Higher values for viable sperm were seen in processes 1 and 2 compared with process 4 (P < .05) after 1 hour of incubation. Immediately after thawing, more viable sperm with high MMP (hMMP) were observed when using process 3 compared with process 2 (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, a significantly higher amount of viable hMMP sperm were detected when using processes 1 and 2 compared with process 4 (P < .05). Process 2 yielded a lower percentage of sperm containing low calcium (lCa) than process 3 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, the lowest amount of lCa sperm was observed using process 4 (P < .05). The subpopulation of viable/hMMP/lCa sperm was higher when using process 3 compared with process 2 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, the lowest amount of this subpopulation was detected in process 4 (P < .05). The DNA integrity was similar in all groups. In conclusion, a slow cooling rate with a controlled rate freezer resulted in best sperm quality after thawing. Using a floating rack in nitrogen vapor as an alternative to a programmable freezer, equilibration in a cooled environment is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Neuhauser
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Heiner Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Siuda
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Handler
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany.
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128
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Corrêa LBNS, da Costa CAS, Ribas JAS, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA. Antioxidant action of alpha lipoic acid on the testis and epididymis of diabetic rats: morphological, sperm and immunohistochemical evaluation. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:815-824. [PMID: 31184457 PMCID: PMC6837592 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic hyperglycemia is caused by diabetes mellitus-committed genital morphophysiology, and oxidative stress is one of the main factors involved in this process. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent metabolic and morphological changes in diabetic individuals. Objectives In present study, we evaluated the effects of regular ALA consumption on the spermatogenesis and histoarchitecture in the male genital system of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (CG); Diabetic Control (DCG), receiving commercial diet: ALA Group (ALAG) and Diabetic ALA Group (DALAG), fed diets with added ALA (300 mg/Kg bw). The diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After sixty days of the diet, the animals were euthanized, and semen, testis and epididymis samples were collected. A histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter, tubular and luminal area of seminiferous tubules and each epididymal region. Sertoli cells were evidenced using the antivimenti antibody and were quantified. The results were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test. Results At the end of the experiment, the DALAG glycemia was significantly lower than DCG. The histomorphometric parameters of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules did not show improvement in the DALAG. However, there was an improvement in the DALAG in terms of the concentration, motility and percentage of spermatic pathologies, as well as in the number of Sertoli cells (p<0.001). Conclusions The results demonstrated that supplementation with the ALA antioxidant retards testicular lesions and preserve the process of spermatogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanna Beatriz Neves Silva Corrêa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Biomorfologia Celular e Extracelular, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - José Antônio Silva Ribas
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gilson Teles Boaventura
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Nutrição Experimental, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Alves Chagas
- Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Biomorfologia Celular e Extracelular, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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Abstract
Uroplakins (UPKs) play an important role in the normal and pathophysiology of the urothelium. They protect the urothelium and play a crucial role during urothelial infections by Uropathogenic E. coli. However, their functions beyond this organ system remain unexplored. A wide variety of proteins secreted in the male reproductive tract tissues contribute to spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, fertilization and innate immunity. However, the presence of UPKs and their possible contribution to the male reproductive tract physiology is not yet reported. Hence, in this study, we characterized UPKs in the male reproductive tract of rats. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we report the expression of UPKs in the male reproductive system. Upk1a, Upk1b, Upk2 and Upk3b mRNA and their corresponding proteins were abundantly expressed in the caput, cauda, testis, seminal vesicles and the prostate. Their expression was not developmentally regulated. UPK protein expression was also localized on the spermatozoa, suggesting a role for these proteins in sperm function. To study the role of UPKs in innate immunity, Upk mRNA expression in response to endotoxin challenge was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In the rat testicular and epididymal cell lines, Upk mRNA levels increased in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. However, in the caput, cauda, testes, seminal vesicle and prostate obtained from LPS treated rats, Upk mRNA expression was significantly reduced. Results of this study indicate a role for UPKs in male reproductive physiology and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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130
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Sangeeta K, Yenugu S. Characterization of isolated rat caput epididymal primary epithelial cells: A molecular biology approach. Theriogenology 2019; 135:13-18. [PMID: 31185425 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sperm maturation in the epididymis is a tightly regulated process which involves secretion and addition of a variety of proteins onto the sperm surface. The molecular mechanisms governing these processes has gained interest in the last decade. In vitro model systems to study the role of epididymal proteins in sperm maturation and other physiological process are very important. Isolation of epididymal cells, culture of epididymal explants and generation of immortalized cells were standardized to be used as in vitro models to study epididymal function. However, isolation and maintenance of primary cultures of epididymal epithelial cells seems to be the best option because of its closeness to the in vivo conditions. Though structural and morphological characterization of primary cultures of epididymal epithelial cells were carried out, the same were not conducted at the molecular level. In this study, we isolated adult rat epididymal primary epithelial cells (EPECs) and characterized them for their purity and cell specific expression of molecular markers. Isolated EPECs exhibited normal cell morphology and were sub cultured and maintained up to 3 weeks. EPECs expressed the epithelial marker, E-cadherin and their purity was estimated to be 73% using flow cytometry. EPECs abundantly expressed CRISP1, Urp1a, Pate-F, Crisp1, Ar and Spag11e, markers of epididymal cells and were negative for Urp1b and Pate, markers negative for epididymis. Results of our study provide a systematic characterization of EPECs at the molecular level and thus a refinement to the previously reported characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sangeeta
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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131
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Mochida K, Hasegawa A, Ogonuki N, Inoue K, Ogura A. Early production of offspring by in vitro fertilization using first-wave spermatozoa from prepubertal male mice. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:467-473. [PMID: 31447476 PMCID: PMC6815745 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature male mice (aged 10–12 weeks or older) are conventionally used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to achieve high fertilization rates (e.g., > 70%). Here,
we sought to determine the earliest age at which male mice (C57BL/6J strain) can be used efficiently for producing offspring via IVF. Because we noted that the addition of reduced
glutathione (GSH) to the IVF medium significantly increased the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from prepubertal males, we used this IVF protocol for all experiments. Spermatozoa first
reached the caudal region of the epididymides at day 35; however, they were unable to fertilize oocytes. Caudal epididymal spermatozoa first became competent for oocyte fertilization at day
37, albeit at a low rate (2.9%). A high fertilization rate (72.0%) was obtained at day 40, and 52.4% of the embryos thus obtained developed into offspring after embryo transfer. Moreover, we
found that corpus epididymal spermatozoa in prepubertal mice could fertilize oocytes; however, the fertilization rates were always < 50%, regardless of the age of the males. Caput
epididymal spermatozoa failed to fertilize oocytes irrespective of the age of the males. Therefore, we propose that caudal epididymal spermatozoa from male mice aged 40 days can be
efficiently used for IVF, to obtain offspring in the shortest attainable time. This protocol will reduce the turnover time required for the generation of mice by ~1 month compared with that
of the conventional IVF protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Mochida
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hasegawa
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Narumi Ogonuki
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kimiko Inoue
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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132
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Sangeeta K, Yenugu S. Male reproductive tract antimicrobial expression in the extremes of ages of rats. Gene 2019; 710:218-32. [PMID: 31158448 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the global gene expression profile are considered to contribute to the various physiological and pathological changes during the course of ageing. Genes that code for the molecular components of the innate system are alter markedly as ageing occurs; and this may define the susceptibility of very young and very old individuals to reproductive tract infections. The expression pattern of genes that code for beta-defensins (effectors of innate immune response) in male reproductive tract tissues of different stages of ageing is not yet reported. Further, the induction of beta-defensins during endotoxin challenge and whether epigenetic modulators can influence the expression of these genes in different stages of ageing are not reported. We analyzed the basal mRNA levels of beta-defensins and defensin-like proteins (Sperm Associated Antigen 11 (SPAG11) family members), their induction during endotoxin challenge and modulation by epigenetic modifiers (Trichostatin A and Azacytidine) in the caput, cauda, testis, prostate and seminal vesicle of rats that represent early stage to late stages of life (20 day to 730 day old). We observed differential basal gene expression pattern in the male reproductive tract tissues and the induction by LPS was not consistent neither among the age groups not the tissues analyzed. Trichostatin A and Azacytidine also influenced antimicrobial gene expression and the pattern was not consistent in different tissues obtained from different age groups. Results of this study demonstrate that antimicrobial gene expression varies to a great extent during ageing and is strongly influenced by endotoxins and epigenetic modulators.
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Abarikwu SO, Wokoma AFS, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Omeodu SI, Ohanador R. Effect of Fe and Cd Co-Exposure on Testicular Steroid Metabolism, Morphometry, and Spermatogenesis in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:109-123. [PMID: 30291518 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of testicular toxicity of simultaneous multiple exposures to metals is poorly understood. Previous studies reported that the toxic effect of cadmium (Cd) is modified by tissue concentration of iron (Fe). Using the mice (Mus musculus) model in the present study, we demonstrated that combined Cd (25 mg kg-1 bw) and Fe (100 mg kg-1 bw) treatment increased both Cd and Fe testicular concentrations much more than separate exposures to either of the metals. Intratesticular Cd and Fe concentrations were inversely correlated (r = - 0.731, p < 0.05) on administration of Fe but not on combined exposure to both metals when they were positively correlated (versus Cd; r = 0.793, versus Fe; r = 0.779, p < 0.05). Additionally, Cd + Fe treatment increased testicular lipid peroxidation and depleted intratestesticular testosterone, cholesterol and glutathione concentrations much more than their separate treatment. This was also associated with decreased activity of the germ cell marker, testicular lactate dehydrogenase, and increased testicular myeloperoxidase activity. These changes resulted in decreased seminiferous epithelial height, tubular diameter, germ cell (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids) numbers, and severe tissue damage. In conclusion, Cd + Fe intake have synergistic toxic effects on testicular steroid formation and spermatogenesis due to the high testicular concentrations of both metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
| | - Adaba F S Wokoma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen I Omeodu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Robinson Ohanador
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Xia YQ, Ning JZ, Cheng F, Yu WM, Rao T, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Du Y. GYY4137 a H 2S donor, attenuates ipsilateral epididymis injury in experimentally varicocele-induced rats via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2019; 22:729-735. [PMID: 32373293 PMCID: PMC7196355 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.30588.7372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of morpholin-4-ium 4 methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137) on ipsilateral epididymis injury in a rat model of experimental varicocele (VC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham, sham plus GYY4137, VC and VC plus GYY4137 groups. Sperm quality parameters, including sperm count, motility and viability were evaluated after 4 weeks. Histological changes were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining between the groups. The oxidative stress levels were estimated by determining epididymal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The apoptosis status and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis, western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS VC resulted in the decrease of sperm parameters, significant histological damage and higher levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared to the VC group, GYY4137 markedly ameliorated these observed changes. In addition, treatment with GYY4137 obviously reduced the levels of caspase-3 and Bax and increased the levels of the phosphorylation of PI3K p85 and Akt. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that GYY4137 may alleviate the sperm damage and epididymis injury in experimentally VC-induced rats by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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135
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Souza MR, de Carvalho RK, de Carvalho LS, de Sá S, Andersen ML, de Araújo EG, Mazaro-Costa R. Effects of subchronic exposure to Caryocar brasiliense peel ethanolic extract on male reproductive functions in Swiss mice. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:118-124. [PMID: 31201951 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of subchronic exposure to Caryocar brasiliense peel ethanolic extract (CBPE) on reproductive function in male Swiss mice. CBPE was administered orally for 28 days at doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg.kg-1 bw; control group received saline. Fertility test was performed after 14 days of treatment and animals were euthanized after the end of the 28-day period for evaluation of the reproductive parameters. The tested doses produced no significant changes in plasma testosterone levels, daily sperm production, sperm concentration, sperm morphology or fertility rate. However, sperm transit time was reduced in the caput/corpus epididymis, the post-implantation loss rate increased and there were significant changes in spermatogenic dynamics at the highest dose. These results indicated that subchronic exposure to CBPE has low reproductive toxicity, but additional studies are recommended to provide evidence of long-term safety at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stone de Sá
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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136
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Tatara K, Sato K. Aerobic exercise training and dehydroepiandrosterone administration increase testicular sex steroid hormones and enhance reproductive function in high-sucrose-induced obese rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:37-43. [PMID: 30923020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of chronic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration and exercise training on testicular sex steroid hormone levels and reproductive function in high-sucrose induced obese rats. After 14 weeks of a high-sucrose diet, Wistar male rats were assigned randomly to the control, exercise training (running at 25 m/min for 1 h, 5 days/week), DHEA administration, and combined exercise training and DHEA administration groups (n = 7 each group). Six weeks of DHEA administration and/or exercise training significantly increased plasma concentrations of DHEA and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and epididymis DHEA concentrations; however, the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, such as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, and 5α-reductase, did not change following any interventions. Procathepsin L expression, which involved sperm maturation, was significantly lower in the DHEA and combination groups, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) expression, which plays a role in protecting sperms from oxidative stress, was significantly increased in the DHEA administration group. Additionally, exercise training and/or DHEA administration-induced increase in procathepsin L expressions were significantly correlated with the epididymis DHEA concentrations. These findings suggest that exercise training and/or DHEA administration-induced increase in epididymis DHEA concentration may improve impairment of reproductive function in high-sucrose obese rats. Additionally, exercise training and/or DHEA administration-induced increase in DHEA concentration may have a role in testicular-specific action, which included protective role from exercise-induced oxidant damage as well as contributed to the enhancement of sperm modification and maturation in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Tatara
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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137
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Zhou W, Stanger SJ, Anderson AL, Bernstein IR, De Iuliis GN, McCluskey A, McLaughlin EA, Dun MD, Nixon B. Mechanisms of tethering and cargo transfer during epididymosome-sperm interactions. BMC Biol 2019; 17:35. [PMID: 30999907 PMCID: PMC6474069 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian epididymis is responsible for the provision of a highly specialized environment in which spermatozoa acquire functional maturity and are subsequently stored in preparation for ejaculation. Making important contributions to both processes are epididymosomes, small extracellular vesicles released from the epididymal soma via an apocrine secretory pathway. While considerable effort has been focused on defining the cargo transferred between epididymosomes and spermatozoa, comparatively less is known about the mechanistic basis of these interactions. To investigate this phenomenon, we have utilized an in vitro co-culture system to track the transfer of biotinylated protein cargo between mouse epididymosomes and recipient spermatozoa isolated from the caput epididymis; an epididymal segment that is of critical importance for promoting sperm maturation. RESULTS Our data indicate that epididymosome-sperm interactions are initiated via tethering of the epididymosome to receptors restricted to the post-acrosomal domain of the sperm head. Thereafter, epididymosomes mediate the transfer of protein cargo to spermatozoa via a process that is dependent on dynamin, a family of mechanoenzymes that direct intercellular vesicle trafficking. Notably, upon co-culture of sperm with epididymosomes, dynamin 1 undergoes a pronounced relocation between the peri- and post-acrosomal domains of the sperm head. This repositioning of dynamin 1 is potentially mediated via its association with membrane rafts and ideally locates the enzyme to facilitate the uptake of epididymosome-borne proteins. Accordingly, disruption of membrane raft integrity or pharmacological inhibition of dynamin both potently suppress the transfer of biotinylated epididymosome proteins to spermatozoa. CONCLUSION Together, these data provide new mechanistic insight into epididymosome-sperm interactions with potential implications extending to the manipulation of sperm maturation for the purpose of fertility regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Simone J Stanger
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Amanda L Anderson
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ilana R Bernstein
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Geoffry N De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Cancer Research Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Farooq A, Jorda M, Whittington E, Kryvenko ON, Braunhut BL, Pavan N, Procházková K, Zhang L, Rai S, Miller T, Liu J, Szabo A, Iczkowski KA. Rete Testis Invasion Is Consistent With Pathologic Stage T1 in Germ Cell Tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:479-485. [PMID: 30576407 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rete testis invasion by germ cell tumors is frequently concomitant with lymphovascular or spermatic cord invasion (LVI/SCI); independent implications for staging are uncertain. METHODS In total, 171 seminomas and 178 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs; 46 had 1%-60% seminoma component) came from five institutions. Metastatic status at presentation, as a proxy for severity, was available for all; relapse data were unavailable for 152. Rete direct invasion (ReteD) and rete pagetoid spread (ReteP) were assessed. RESULTS ReteP and ReteD were more frequent in seminoma than NSGCT. In seminoma, tumor size bifurcated at 3 cm or more or less than 3 cm predicted metastatic status. Tumors with ReteP or ReteD did not differ in size from those without invasions but were less than with LVI/SCI; metastatic status or relapse did not show differences. In NSGCT, ReteP/ReteD did not correlate with size, metastatic status, or relapse. CONCLUSIONS Findings support retaining American Joint Committee for Cancer pathologic T1 stage designation for rete testis invasion and pT1a/pT1b substaging of seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merce Jorda
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Beth L Braunhut
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL
| | - Nicola Pavan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL
| | | | - Lian Zhang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Samarpit Rai
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL
| | | | - Joy Liu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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139
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Guo RM, Zhao RZ, Zhang J, Yang F, Wen HQ, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li QL. Quantification of fat deposition in the testis and epididymis using mDIXON Quant sequence: correlation with age and ejaculation. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1528-1534. [PMID: 30467722 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess fat deposition in the testis and epididymis by measuring the fat/water signal ratios with mDIXON Quant and to investigate its correlation with age and ejaculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Routine pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and mDIXON Quant were performed on 120 subjects. The fat/water signal ratios of the testis and epididymis were measured based on the fat/water signal intensity on mDIXON Quant. RESULTS The fat/water signal ratio values of the testis and epididymis in the early adulthood group (0.952-3.550%, p < 0.05, and 5.182-12.725%, p < 0.05, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the late childhood group (0.611-2.198% and 1.310-4.520%) and in the youth group (0.659-2.360% and 1.568-4.469%), and they were lower than those in the middle adulthood group (1.538-4.249%, p < 0.05, and 5.830-19.002%, p < 0.05). The fat deposition decreased in the testis of the youth group, who ejaculated more than ten times per month (0.750-2.022%, p < 0.05), and the fat/water signal ratios of the epididymis decreased in one subject in the early adulthood group who had three ejaculations within 12 h. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that mDIXON Quant may be useful as a noninvasive, quantitative, and objective method for evaluating the fat deposition of the testis and epididymis. This method can provide guidance for fat deposition in the testis and epididymis in different age groups with varying ejaculation experiences. Additionally, our findings may facilitate more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the reproductive function of the testis and epididymis by quantitatively measuring their fat deposition with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Mi Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ru-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Quan Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Department of VIP Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Campolina-Silva GH, Hess RA, Oliveira CA. Seasonal variation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the efferent ductules and epididymis of the Neotropical bat Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:3-10. [PMID: 29427632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for maintenance of male fertility, being influenced by a variety of stimuli including androgens and estrogens. However, studies concerning regulation of these processes along the male reproductive tract under physiological conditions are scarce. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the profile of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the efferent ductules and epididymis of the Neotropical bat Artibeus lituratus, a seasonal breeder that presents natural variation in components of the androgen and estrogen responsive systems along the circannual cycle. Low rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis were found in the efferent ductules and epididymis of A. lituratus during the reproductive period, as few epithelial cells were positive for MCM7 (proliferation marker) and cleaved caspase-3 or TUNEL (apoptosis markers). In contrast, during the regressive period, the rate of both proliferating and apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the epithelium lining the efferent ductules as well as throughout the epididymis. The increased proliferative activity at this phase was positively correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), whereas the variation in apoptosis appears to be unrelated to the local expression of androgen and estrogen receptors. Together, these data suggest that cell proliferation and apoptosis are differentially modulated in the efferent ductules and epididymis of A. lituratus during the annual reproductive cycle, and support the hypothesis that ERα may be important in preparing the male reproductive tract for sexual recrudescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel H Campolina-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001, S. Lincoln, Urbana, IL 61802-6199, USA
| | - Cleida A Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Abstract
Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate the scrotum because of its high resolution, Doppler capabilities, availability, and lack of ionizing radiation. Acute urologic emergencies diagnosed with ultrasound include testicular torsion, testicular rupture, and Fournier gangrene. The radiologist's knowledge of sonographic features of vascular, infectious, traumatic, and benign and malignant processes that occur in the scrotum coupled with the patient's presenting symptoms, age, and physical examination allows for the correct diagnosis of a wide spectrum of scrotal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Rebik
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Jason M Wagner
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William Middleton
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Liman N, Alan E, Apaydın N. The expression and localization of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, 5 and 9 in the epididymis and vas deferens of a adult tom cats. Theriogenology 2019; 128:62-73. [PMID: 30743105 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important molecules, which provide protection against infections of the reproductive tract. This study demonstrates for the first time the expression and localization patterns of TLRs in the caput, corpus and cauda segments of the epididymal duct (ED) and the vas deferens (VD) of adult domestic cats using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. While immunoblot analyses revealed relatively similar protein levels for TLRs 2, 4, 5, and 9 in three segments of the ED, the protein levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the VD were found to be significantly higher than those measured in the ED segments (P < 0.05). On the other hand, immunostaining showed that TLRs exhibited regional- and cell-specific localization patterns. TLR2 and TLR5 were immunolocalized to the nucleus and cytoplasm of the principal cells in all ducts. TLR4 was restricted to the stereocilia, and TLR9 was located in the cytoplasm of the principal cells. Narrow cells displayed positive immunoreactions for TLR4 and TLR5. The basal cells of the different ED segments were positive for all four TLRs. TLR2, TLR5 and TLR9 were detected in the cytoplasmic droplets of the spermatozoa. TLR4 and TLR9 were detected along the entire length of the sperm tail, whilst TLR2 and TLR5 were absent in the midpiece. TLR2 and TLR5 were also detected in the equatorial segment of the sperm head. These results suggest that TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 are important not only for the protection of the ED, VD and spermatozoa but also for the maturation and storage of spermatozoa in the ED and VD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nusret Apaydın
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Pérez-Patiño C, Parrilla I, Li J, Barranco I, Martínez EA, Rodriguez-Martínez H, Roca J. The Proteome of Pig Spermatozoa Is Remodeled During Ejaculation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:41-50. [PMID: 30257877 PMCID: PMC6317480 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are essential for sperm function, including their fertilizing capacity. Pig spermatozoa, emitted in well-defined ejaculate fractions, vary in their functionality, which could be related to different sperm protein composition. This study aimed (i) to update the porcine sperm proteome and (ii) to identify proteins differentially expressed in mature spermatozoa from cauda epididymis and those delivered in separate ejaculate fractions. Ejaculates from nine mature and fertile boars were manually collected in three separate portions: the first 10 ml of the sperm-rich ejaculate fraction (SRF), the rest of the SRF and the post-SRF. The contents of cauda epididymides of the boars were collected post-mortem by retrograde duct perfusion, generating four different semen sources for each boar. Following centrifugation, the resulting pellets of each semen source were initially pooled and later split to generate two technical replicates per source. The resulting eight sperm samples (two per semen source) were subjected to iTRAQ-based 2D-LC-MS/MS for protein identification and quantification. A total of 1,723 proteins were identified (974 of Sus scrofa taxonomy) and 1,602 of them were also quantified (960 of Sus scrofa taxonomy). After an ANOVA test, 32 Sus scrofa proteins showed quantitative differences (p < 0.01) among semen sources, which was particularly relevant for sperm functionality in the post-SRF. The present study showed that the proteome of boar spermatozoa is remodeled during ejaculation involving proteins clearly implicated in sperm function. The findings provide valuable groundwork for further studies focused on identifying protein biomarkers of sperm fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez-Patiño
- From the ‡Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- From the ‡Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Junwei Li
- From the ‡Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Barranco
- From the ‡Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martínez
- From the ‡Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Roca
- From the ‡Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Spain;.
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Wang J, Liu Q, Qi H, Wang Y, Gao Q, Gao F, Zhang H, Han Y, Yuan Z, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of androgen receptor, P450arom and estrogen receptors in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:131-138. [PMID: 30539793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrel. Histologically, the epididymis was with larger duct diameter and cell population during the breeding season. AR was presented in the peritubular smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells in the whole epididymis with stronger staining in the breeding period. P450arom was intensely localized in epithelial cells and spermatozoa during the breeding season, absent in the non-breeding season and moderately stained in pre-hibernation. During the breeding season, ERα was intensely expressed in epithelial cytoplasm and/or nucleus, whereas in the non-breeding season and pre-hibernation, weaker staining signal was found in nucleus of epithelial cells. ERβ was absent in the entire annual cycle by immunohistochemical and Real-time PCR detection. The mRNA levels of AR, P450arom and ERα were higher in the epididymis of the breeding season when compared to those of the non-breeding season and pre-hibernation. Taken together, these results suggest that epididymis of the wild ground squirrel is a primary target for androgen and estrogen, and the expression of P450arom represents that epididymis may be a potential source of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qiong Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuli Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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145
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Velev V, Pelov T, Garev T, Peev S, Kaftandjiev I, Harizanov R. Epididymal Dirofilariasis in a Child: First Case Report from Bulgaria. Med Princ Pract 2019; 28:96-98. [PMID: 30332673 PMCID: PMC6558333 DOI: 10.1159/000494619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present case of a child with epididymal dirofil-ariasis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the Clinic of Pediatric Urology for elective surgery treatment of epididymal cyst on the left side. After removal, the cyst was sent for histological examination. Microscopic examination of the histological slides revealed cross-sections of a nematode belonging to Dirofilaria spp., differentiated morphologically as D. repens. After surgery, the patient recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS In most parts around the world, dirofilariasis is a rare and neglected infection. Nevertheless, the clinicians and pathologists must be informed about it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Velev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov," Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teofil Pelov
- Department of Pediatric Urology, University Hospital for Emergency Medicine "Pirogov,", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzvetomir Garev
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital for Emergency Medicine "Pirogov,", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Peev
- Department of Pediatric Urology, University Hospital for Emergency Medicine "Pirogov,", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iskren Kaftandjiev
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria,
| | - Rumen Harizanov
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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146
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Dutta D, Park I, Guililat H, Sang S, Talapatra A, Hanson L, Mills NC. Ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS) ablation of Leydig cells in adult rat depletes testosterone resulting in epididymal sperm granuloma: Testosterone replacement prevents granuloma formation. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:89-99. [PMID: 30528522 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sperm granuloma may develop in the epididymis following vasectomy or chemical insults. Inflammation due to sperm granuloma causes abdominal and scrotal pain. Prolonged and persistent inflammation in the epididymis due to sperm granuloma may lead to infertility. Extravasation of germ cells into the interstitium of epididymis following damage of the epididymal epithelium is one of the primary reasons for sperm granuloma-associated pathology. Since testosterone is vital for the maintenance of epididymal epithelium, we investigated the pathology of sperm granuloma and its relationship with testosterone. Adult rats were treated with a Leydig cell-specific toxicant ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS) to eliminate testosterone. At 7 days post-EDS, disrupted epididymal epithelium and sperm granuloma were observed in the caput epididymis. Sperm granuloma and caput were collagen-filled indicating fibrosis. Numerous round apoptotic cells were localized inside the caput lumen and dispersed through the sperm granuloma. Tnp1 (round spermatid marker) was significantly higher in the epididymis of the EDS-treated group compared to controls suggesting the apoptotic cells were round spermatids. Increases in CD68+ macrophages and T cells (CD4 and CD8) support an inflammatory immune infiltration in post-EDS epididymis. However, testosterone replacement following EDS prevented the sperm granuloma-associated pathology. We suggest that the immune response in the sperm granuloma may be due to the increased numbers of apoptotic round spermatids or other testicular tissue components that may be released, in addition to the regression of epididymal epithelium due to testosterone loss. Thus, testosterone replacement prevents EDS-induced sperm granuloma and ameliorates sperm granuloma-associated pathology.
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147
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Tabecka-Lonczynska A, Mytych J, Solek P, Kowalewski MP, Koziorowski M. Seasonal expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), its receptor IGF-1R and klotho in testis and epididymis of the European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758). Theriogenology 2018; 126:199-205. [PMID: 30579142 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The European bisons are the largest mammals of Europe that are still in danger of extinction. The species conservation is associated with their continuous reproduction, and bisons are characterized by the well-pronounced seasonality of reproductive processes. However, the exact mechanisms regulating their reproduction still remain unknown. Our previous studies indicated the involvement of some of the growth factors in the regulation of male seasonal reproductive activities in bison, showing expression patterns that seemed to be regulated by the length of the daylight. In the present study, using RT-PCR and Western blot approaches, we verified the expression and possible relationship between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), its receptor (IGF-1R), and klotho in testis and epididymis of the European bison in pre- and post-reproductive periods, i.e., in June and in December. The observed expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA in testis and epididymis was higher in June than in December. At the same time, klotho mRNA expression in both testis and epididymis did not differ between the analyzed seasons. However, along with the higher levels of IGF-1R protein observed in June, klotho protein levels for the membrane form and for the secrete form were higher in December than in June. Finally, the messenger and protein expression profiles presented herein indicate the importance of both the IGF-system and klotho in reproductive processes in the European bison, implying their involvement in the regulation of seasonal testicular activity in males of this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tabecka-Lonczynska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Solek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
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148
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Yefimova M, Bourmeyster N, Becq F, Burel A, Lavault MT, Jouve G, Veau S, Pimentel C, Jégou B, Ravel C. Update on the cellular and molecular aspects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and male fertility. Morphologie 2018; 103:4-10. [PMID: 30528305 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CFTR protein regulates electrolyte and fluid transport in almost all tissues with exocrine function, including male reproductive tract. Mutation of CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis (CF), which affects the function of several organs, and impairs male fertility. The role of CFTR protein in different compartments of male reproductive tract (testis, epididymis, sperm) as well as an impact of CFTR mutation(s) on male fertility phenotype is discussed in relation with the choice of optimal technique for Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yefimova
- Sechenov institute of evolutionary physiology and biochemistry, Russian academy of sciences, 44M. Thorez pr, 194223 St-Petersburg, Russia; Laboratoire STIM, université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges-Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France; Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine - CECOS, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - N Bourmeyster
- Laboratoire STIM, université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges-Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France.
| | - F Becq
- Laboratoire STIM, université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges-Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France.
| | - A Burel
- Plateforme de MRIC TEM cellulaire, BIOSIT, Université Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Pr Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - M-T Lavault
- Plateforme de MRIC TEM cellulaire, BIOSIT, Université Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Pr Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - G Jouve
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine - CECOS, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - S Veau
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine - CECOS, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - C Pimentel
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine - CECOS, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - B Jégou
- Inserm, université Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Instiut de recherche en santé,environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, 35000 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Pr Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - C Ravel
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et reproduction humaine - CECOS, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France; Inserm, université Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Instiut de recherche en santé,environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, 35000 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Pr Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
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149
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Zhao WP, Wang HW, Liu J, Tan PP, Luo XL, Zhu SQ, Chen XL, Zhou BH. Positive PCNA and Ki-67 Expression in the Testis Correlates with Spermatogenesis Dysfunction in Fluoride-Treated Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:489-497. [PMID: 29748930 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) on spermatogenesis in male rats. F- at 50 and 100 mg/L was administered for 70 days, after which the testicular and epididymis tissues were collected to observe the histopathological structure under a light microscope. The ultrastructure of the testis and sperm was also examined via transmission electron microscopy. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was measured through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. The expression of proliferation factors, namely, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67, in the testicular and epididymis tissues, were assayed through immunohistochemistry. F- at 50 and 100 mg/L significantly damaged the structure of the testis and epididymis, and the testis and sperm ultrastructure exhibited various changes, including mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization, and apsilated and raised sperm membrane. F treatment significantly increased spermatogenic cell apoptosis in the testis. PCNA (P < 0.01) and Ki-67 (P < 0.01) also presented positive expression in the testis. By comparison, no significant changes occurred in the epididymis. In summary, excessive F intake results in spermatogenesis dysfunction by damaging the testicular structure and inducing spermatogenic cell apoptosis in male rats. The positive expression level of PCNA and Ki-67 was a good response to spermatogenesis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Long Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Quan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Li Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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150
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Sinha P, Singh L, Sengar M, Mohta A. Retinal Anlage Tumor of Epididymis: A Diagnostic Challenge on Cytology. Acta Cytol 2018; 63:73-74. [PMID: 30453294 DOI: 10.1159/000494124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Lavleen Singh
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India,
| | - Mamta Sengar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Anup Mohta
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
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