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R-H Xie, He G, Walker M, Wen S. Postpartum Depression, Antenatal Social Support, And Postnatal Social Support. Ann Epidemiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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152
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Montezano AC, Callera GE, Yogi A, He Y, Tostes RC, He G, Schiffrin EL, Touyz RM. Aldosterone and angiotensin II synergistically stimulate migration in vascular smooth muscle cells through c-Src-regulated redox-sensitive RhoA pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1511-8. [PMID: 18467645 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.168021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synergistic interactions between aldosterone (Aldo) and angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that c-Src activation, through receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation, is critically involved in synergistic interactions between Aldo and Ang II and that it is upstream of promigratory signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS VSMCs from WKY rats were studied. At low concentrations (10(-10) mol/L) Aldo and Ang II alone did not influence c-Src activation, whereas in combination they rapidly increased phosphorylation (P<0.01), an effect blocked by eplerenone (Aldo receptor antagonist) and irbesartan (AT1R blocker). This synergism was attenuated by AG1478 and AG1296 (inhibitors of EGFR and PDGFR, respectively), but not by AG1024 (IGFR inhibitor). Aldo and Ang II costimulation induced c-Src-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and c-Src-independent activation of ERK1/2 (P<0.05), without effect on ERK5, p38MAPK, or JNK. Aldo/Ang II synergistically activated RhoA/Rho kinase and VSMC migration, effects blocked by PP2, apocynin, and fasudil, inhibitors of c-Src, NADPH oxidase, and Rho kinase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Aldo/Ang II synergistically activate c-Src, an immediate signaling response, through EGFR and PDGFR, but not IGFR transactivation. This is associated with activation of redox-regulated RhoA/Rho kinase, which controls VSMC migration. Although Aldo and Ang II interact to stimulate ERK1/2, such effects are c-Src-independent. These findings indicate differential signaling in Aldo-Ang II crosstalk and highlight the importance of c-Src in redox-sensitive RhoA, but not ERK1/2 signaling. Blockade of Aldo/Ang II may be therapeutically useful in vascular remodeling associated with abnormal VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montezano
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Ontario, Canada
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153
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Abstract
In this paper, a novel topology preserving non-negative matrix factorization (TPNMF) method is proposed for face recognition. We derive the TPNMF model from original NMF algorithm by preserving local topology structure. The TPNMF is based on minimizing the constraint gradient distance in the high-dimensional space. Compared with L(2) distance, the gradient distance is able to reveal latent manifold structure of face patterns. By using TPNMF decomposition, the high-dimensional face space is transformed into a local topology preserving subspace for face recognition. In comparison with PCA, LDA, and original NMF, which search only the Euclidean structure of face space, the proposed TPNMF finds an embedding that preserves local topology information, such as edges and texture. Theoretical analysis and derivation given also validate the property of TPNMF. Experimental results on three different databases, containing more than 12,000 face images under varying in lighting, facial expression, and pose, show that the proposed TPNMF approach provides a better representation of face patterns and achieves higher recognition rates than NMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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154
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Edwards RD, Liu Y, He G, Yin Z, Sinton J, Peabody J, Smith KR. Household CO and PM measured as part of a review of China's National Improved Stove Program. Indoor Air 2007; 17:189-203. [PMID: 17542832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In 2001-2003, a team of researchers from the United States and China performed an independent, multidisciplinary review of China's National Improved Stove Program carried out since the 1980s. As part of a 3500-household survey, a subsample of 396 rural households were monitored for particulate matter less than 4 microm (PM(4)) in kitchens and living rooms over 24 h, of which 159 were measured in both summer and winter. Carbon monoxide was measured in a 40% subsample. The results of this indoor air quality (IAQ) component indicate that for nearly all household stove or fuel groupings, PM(4) levels were higher than - and sometimes more than twice as high as - the national PM(10) standard for indoor air (150 microg PM(10)/m(3)). If these results are typical, then a large fraction of China's rural population is now chronically exposed to levels of pollution far higher than those determined by the Chinese government to harm human health. Further, we observed highly diverse fuel usage patterns in these regions in China, supporting the observations in the household survey of multiple stoves being present in many kitchens. Improved stoves resulted in reduced PM(4) from biomass fuel combinations, but still not at levels that meet standards, and little improvement was observed in indoor pollution levels when other unimproved stoves were present in the same kitchen. As many households change fuels according to daily and seasonal factors, resulting in different seasonal concentrations in living rooms and kitchens, assessing health implications from fuel use requires longitudinal evaluation of fuel use and IAQ levels, combined with accurate time-activity information. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Leaving aside the difficult issue of enforcement, it is uncertain whether Chinese household IAQ standards represent realistic objectives for current attainment given current patterns of energy consumption in rural China, which rely so heavily on unprocessed solid fuels. Even when used with chimneys, these fuels emit substantial pollution into the household environment. It is probable that low-emission technologies involving gaseous/liquid fuels or high combustion - efficiency biomass stoves need to be promoted in order to achieve these standards for the greater part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Edwards
- Epidemiology Department, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, California 92697-3957, USA.
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155
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He G, Wang J, Ma D. This Paper Has Been Withdrawn.Highly Convergent Route to Cyclopeptide Alkaloids. Total Synthesis of Ziziphine N. Org Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ol062639z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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156
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He G, Kuang J, Huang Z, Koomen J, Kobayashi R, Khokhar AR, Siddik ZH. Upregulation of p27 and its inhibition of CDK2/cyclin E activity following DNA damage by a novel platinum agent are dependent on the expression of p21. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1514-24. [PMID: 17088910 PMCID: PMC2360737 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cisplatin analogue 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane(trans-diacetato)(dichloro)platinumIV (DAP) is a DNA-damaging agent that will be entering clinical trials for its potent cytotoxic effects against cisplatin-resistant tumour cells. This cytotoxicity may reside in its ability to selectively activate G1-phase checkpoint response by inhibiting CDKs via the p53/p21 pathway. We have now evaluated the role of another CDK inhibitor p27 as a contributor to DAP-mediated inhibition of G1-phase CDK2 activity. Our studies in ovarian A2780 tumour cells demonstrate that p27 levels induced by DAP are comparable to or greater than those seen for p21. The induction of p27 is not through a transcriptional mechanism, but rather is due to a four-fold increase in protein stabilisation through a mechanism dependent on p21. Moreover, DAP-induced p21 promoted the selective increase of p27 in the CDK2 complex, but not in CDK4 complex, and this selective increase contributed to inhibition of the CDK2 kinase activity. The inhibited complex contained either p27 or p21, but not both, with the relative levels of cyclin E associated with p27 and p21 indicating that about 25% of the inhibition of CDK2 activity was due to p27 and 75% due to p21. This study provides the first evidence that p27 upregulation is directly attributable to activation of the p53/p21 pathway by a DNA-damaging agent, and promulgates p53/p21/p27 axis as a significant component of checkpoint response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 353, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 353, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 353, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Koomen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A R Khokhar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 353, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Z H Siddik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 353, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- E-mail:
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Liu X, Li H, Qin W, He G, Li D, Shen Y, Shen J, Gu N, Feng G, He L. Association of TPH1 with suicidal behaviour and psychiatric disorders in the Chinese population. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e4. [PMID: 16467214 PMCID: PMC2564644 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.029397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is one of the most important regulating factors in the serotonergic system. Recently, polymorphisms of the TPH gene have been identified as being associated with suicide, but the evidence is inconsistent. To investigate the role in suicide of one of the isoforms, TPH1, we examined the association of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region and in intron 7 of the TPH1 gene based on a sample from the Chinese population of 810 subjects, of whom 329 had made no suicide attempts (NSA), 297 had made suicide attempts (SA), and 184 were healthy subjects (HS). In this study, we observed statistically significant differences between NSA and HS subjects in allele distributions on one marker, -6526A (p = 0.0329; odds ratio (OR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.81). No significant difference in genotype distribution or allele frequencies of other polymorphisms was found between the suicide victims and the controls. The overall haplotype frequency was significantly different between cases and healthy controls (p = 0.000024 NSA v HS; p < 0.000001, SA v HS; p < 0.000001, cases v HS). We found the haplotype TCAAA of -7180/-7065/-6526/218/779 to be strongly associated with suicidal behaviour and psychiatric disorders (p = 0.00243; OR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.24 and p = 0.018; OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.91), which suggests an association of TPH1 with suicidal behaviour and indicates that TPH1 may play a significant role in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders in the Han Chinese population.
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He G, Liu X, Qin W, Chen Q, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhou J, Xu Y, Gu N, Feng G, Sang H, Wang P, He L. MPZL1/PZR, a novel candidate predisposing schizophrenia in Han Chinese. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:748-51. [PMID: 16702974 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The MPZL1/PZR gene has been mapped to 1q23.3, located in close proximity to a recognized schizophrenia susceptibility locus. Recently, the MPZL1/PZR gene has been found to be significantly upregulated in schizophrenia brain tissue and to play an important role in cell signaling, thus indicating that MPZL1/PZR could be a potential schizophrenia marker. To test this hypothesis, we selected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genotyping in 523 Han Chinese trios. We found that two individual SNPs were significant at the Bonferroni's corrected significance level P<0.017: rs3767444 (chi2=6.299, P=0.0121) and rs2051656 (chi2=9.856, P=0.0017). Haplotype transmission/disequilibrium tests revealed a significant association with the disease (global P-value=1.064 x 10(-6)), but no specific transmission distortions. Thus, we propose that the MPZL1/PZR gene may be important in the predisposition to schizophrenia among Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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160
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Abstract
We previously showed that the EP2 knockout mice were resistant to chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the overexpression of the EP2 receptor in mouse skin carcinogenesis. To determine the effect of overexpression of EP2, we used EP2 transgenic (TG) mice and wild-type (WT) mice in a DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene)/TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. EP2 TG mice developed significantly more tumors compared with WT mice. Overexpression of the EP2 receptor increased TPA-induced keratinocyte proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the epidermis of EP2 TG mice 48 h after topical TPA treatment was significantly thicker compared to that of WT mice. EP2 TG mice showed significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the epidermis after prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment. The inflammatory response to TPA was increased in EP2 TG mice, as demonstrated by an increased number of macrophages in the dermis. Tumors and 7 x TPA-treated and DMBA-TPA-treated (6 weeks) skins from EP2 TG mice produced more blood vessels than those of WT mice as determined by CD-31 immunostaining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression was significantly increased in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples from EP2 TG mice compared that of WT mice. There was, however, no difference in the number of apoptotic cells in tumors from WT and EP2 TG mice. Together, our results suggest that the overexpression of the EP2 receptor plays a significant role in the protumorigenic action of PGE2 in mouse skin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cattle
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Skin Neoplasms/blood supply
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Sung
- Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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161
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Tang W, Shi Y, Feng G, Yan L, Xing Y, Zhu S, Liu J, Zhao X, Tang R, Du J, Zhang J, He G, Liang P, He L. Family-based association studies of the TCP1 gene and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1537-43. [PMID: 16465465 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A previous case-control study by Yang et al. indicated that the TCP1 gene in 6q25 was associated with schizophrenia in the Han population. To replicate this result, we selected eight SNPs (rs2273828, rs3818298, rs1547094, rs1547093, rs2295898, rs2295899, rs4832, rs15982) spanning the whole gene and performed a family-based study using 325 trios samples. Our transmission disequilibrium test showed neither allele nor haplotype association with schizophrenia, and suggests that the TCP1 locus is not associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Since 6q25 has consistently been found to be a susceptible region for schizophrenia, we suggest that other genes within this region should be the focus of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tang
- Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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162
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He G, Zhang J, Li XW, Chen WY, Pan YX, Yang FP, Gu NF, Feng GY, Yang SL, He JY, Liu BX, Peng YW, Liu J, He L. Interleukin-10 −1082 promoter polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia in a Han Chinese sib-pair study. Neurosci Lett 2006; 394:1-4. [PMID: 16378687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene has been identified as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in Caucasians. A previous case-control study conducted by our group revealed a weak association between polymorphism, -592C/A, of the IL-10 gene promoter and schizophrenia. Our present study was aimed at confirming the association of the IL-10 promoter with schizophrenia using 197 Han Chinese sib-pair families. A family-based association test (FBAT) and haplotype analysis was undertaken using the FBAT v1.5.5. The global TDT was significant for a different polymorphism, -1082G/A (chi2=13.16, P=0.000285) and that the allele -1082G was preferentially transmitted to schizophrenia-affected children. Furthermore, haplotype TDT analysis showed that haplotype "GCC" was significantly associated with the disease (chi2=8.1, P=0.00443). Our results also indicate that the IL-10 gene may play a significant role in the etiology of schizophrenia among Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
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163
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164
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Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper presents the experimental and numerical modeling of contaminant dispersion in a full-scale environmental chamber with different room air distribution systems. For the experimental modeling, an area source with uniform emissions of a hypothetical contaminant (SF6) from the entire floor surface is designed and constructed. Two different types of ventilation are studied: displacement and mixing ventilation. A computer model for predicting the contaminant dispersion in indoor spaces was validated with experimental data. The validated model is used to study the effects of airflow and the area-source location on contaminant dispersion. Results show that the global airflow pattern has a strong impact on the distribution of the contaminants. In general, the personal exposure could be estimated by analyzing the relative source positions in the airflow pattern. Accordingly, the location of an exhaust diffuser may not greatly affect the airflow pattern, but can significantly affect the exposure level in the room. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS When designing ventilation in addition to bringing fresh air to occupants, it is important to consider the removal of contaminants released in the off-gassing of building materials. Typical indoor off-gassing examples are emissions of volatile organic compounds from building enclosure surfaces such as flooring and painted walls. In this study, we conducted experimental and numerical modeling of different area sources in a mock-up office setup, with displacement or mixing ventilation. Displacement ventilation was as successful as mixing ventilation in removing the contaminant source from the floor area. Actually, the most important consideration in the removal of these contaminants is the relative position of the area source to the main airflow pattern and the occupied zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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165
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He G, Fang Q, Zhang JX, Zhu LQ, Liu M, Zhang LD. Structural, interfacial and optical characterization of ultrathin zirconia film grown by in situthermal oxidation of sputtered metallic Zr films. Nanotechnology 2005; 16:040. [PMID: 34911205 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/9/040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High dielectric constant ZrO2gate dielectric thin films have been prepared by means ofin situthermal oxidation of sputtered metallic Zr films. XRD reveals that the as-oxidized samples are amorphous, but can be made polycrystalline with a highly ()-preferential orientation by increasing the annealing temperature. AFM measurements confirm that high temperature annealing results in increase of the roughness root mean square value of the films. The growth and properties of the interfacial SiO2layer formed at the ZrO2/Si interface are observed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that the formation of the interfacial layer depends on the post-deposition annealing temperature. On the basis of a parametrized Tauc-Lorentz dispersion model, the optical properties of the as-oxidized and annealed films related to the annealing temperature are systematically investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The increase in the refractive index and decrease in extinction coefficient with increase of the annealing temperature are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Fang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Electronic and electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - J X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - L Q Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - L D Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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166
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He G, Andersen O, Haugaard SB, Lihn AS, Pedersen SB, Madsbad S, Richelsen B. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in plasma and adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome. Implications of adipokines. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:583-90. [PMID: 16128865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAI-1, an important inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is increased in obese subjects and has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we investigated the association between circulating levels of PAI-1 and locally produced PAI-1 in adipose tissue and body fat distribution and adipokines (TNF-alpha, TNF receptors, IL-6, IL-8) in patients with and without HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen men with HALS and 18 men with HIV but without HALS were investigated. DEXA and computed tomography scan were performed to determine total body fat and visceral adipose tissue mass. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the euglycaemic clamp technique. Plasma levels of PAI-1 and cytokines were determined. In addition, PAI-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HALS patients were characterized by a 3-fold increased visceral adipose tissue (P < 0.001) and reduced limb fat (P < 0.01) as compared with non-HALS patients but with no difference in total fat mass between the groups. Plasma PAI-1 was increased in HALS patients (16.7 ng mL(-1) vs. 8.2 ng mL(-1), P < 0.05). Plasma PAI-1 was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.74, P < 0.01), plasma TNF-alpha level (r = 0.64, P < 0.01), sTNFR-I (r = 0.38, P < 0.05), and visceral fat (r = 0.67, P < 0.01). Moreover, plasma PAI-1 was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.57, P < 0.01) and the percentage of limb fat (r = -0.57, P < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between plasma PAI-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA level. No association was, however, found between plasma PAI-1 and PAI-1 mRNA level in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Plasma PAI-1 is increased in HALS patients and it is suggested that dysregulation of the TNF-system (high TNFalpha and high sTNFR1) may play a role in up-regulating PAI-1 in HALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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167
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Yang YF, Qin W, Shugart YY, He G, Liu XM, Zhou J, Zhao XZ, Chen Q, La YJ, Xu YF, Li XW, Gu NF, Feng GY, Song H, Wang P, He L. Possible association of the MAG locus with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han cohort of family trios. Schizophr Res 2005; 75:11-9. [PMID: 15820319 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter-based hypotheses have so far led to only moderate success in predicting new pathogenetic findings in etiology of schizophrenia. On the other hand, the more recent oligodendroglia hypotheses of this disorder have been supported by an increasing body of evidence. For example, the expression level of the myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) gene has been shown to be significantly lower in schizophrenia patient groups compared to control groups. Such an effect might be a result of genetic variations of the MAG gene. In order to test this hypothesis, we genotyped four markers within the MAG locus in 413 trios sample of the Han Chinese using allele-specific PCR. None of the four markers revealed noticeable allelic significance. However, the four-marker and two-marker haplotypes covering components rs720309 and rs720308 were observed to be significantly associated with schizophrenia (P < 0.0001) in this study. In addition, we identified one common risk haplotype TA (rs720309-rs720308, present in 78.5% of the general population) that showed increased evidence of overtransmission from parents to affected offspring (P = 0.0001). The results demonstrated MAG might play a role in genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. Furthermore, our finding of a possible association between the MAG locus and schizophrenia is in agreement with the hypotheses of oligodendrltic and myelination dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Yang
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
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168
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He G, Hagiwara M. Bimodal structured Ti-base alloy with large elasticity and low Young's modulus. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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169
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Abstract
Although previous functional brain imaging studies have found that the insula responds selectively to facial expressions of disgust, it remains unclear whether the insula responds selectively to disgust-inducing pictures. In this fMRI study, healthy volunteers viewed pictures of contamination, human mutilation, attacks and neutral scenes during scanning, and then rated pictures for the 'basic' emotions. The anterior insula responded to contamination and mutilation but not attacks, while the ventral visual areas responded to attacks and mutilations more strongly than contamination. The above activations were predicted by disgust and arousal ratings respectively. Additionally, mutilations uniquely activated the right superior parietal cortex. These results support selective disgust processing at the insula, and suggest distinct neural responses to contamination and mutilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 100 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256, USA
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170
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Xi ZR, Qin W, Yang YF, He G, Gao SH, Ren MS, Peng YW, Zhang Z, He L. Transmission disequilibrium analysis of the GSN gene in a cohort of family trios with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2005; 372:200-3. [PMID: 15542240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 09/12/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is thought to play a role in neuronal pathology in schizophrenia. Recently, the GSN gene was reported to have anti-apoptotic properties. In a genome-wide expression analysis on schizophrenia, GSN was also found to be significantly down-regulated in schizophrenia. All the hints suggest that GSN is a novel candidate gene in occurrence of schizophrenia. In this work, we genotyped 3 SNPs around the GSN locus in 493 sets of the Han Chinese trio sample using allele-specific PCR. A weak association or a marginally positive result was detected (0.05 for P-value of the overtransmitted haplotype and 0.02 for a global P-value).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Xi
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hao Ran Building, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
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171
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He G, Wang X, Miao M, Wu D, Ruan C. P-86 Changes of subsets of Th cellsand DC1 in the bone marrow of severe aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(05)80150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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172
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Jin H, Liu D, Yang S, He G, Guo Z, Tong Z. Experimental Study of Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficient in Bubble Column with High Temperature and High Pressure. Chem Eng Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200402111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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173
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Wessman FG, Yan Yuegen E, Zheng Q, He G, Welander T, Rusten B. Increasing the capacity for treatment of chemical plant wastewater by replacing existing suspended carrier media with Kaldnes Moving Bed media at a plant in Singapore. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:199-205. [PMID: 15303742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Kaldnes biomedia K1, which is used in the patented Kaldnes Moving Bed biofilm process, has been tested along with other types of biofilm carriers for biological pretreatment of a complex chemical industry wastewater. The main objective of the test was to find a biofilm carrier that could replace the existing suspended carrier media and at the same time increase the capacity of the existing roughing filter-activated sludge plant by 20% or more. At volumetric organic loads of 7.1 kg COD/m3/d the Kaldnes Moving Bed process achieved much higher removal rates and much lower effluent concentrations than roughing filters using other carriers. The Kaldnes roughing stage achieved more than 85% removal of organic carbon and more than 90% removal of BOD5 at the tested organic load, which was equivalent to a specific biofilm surface area load of 24 g COD/m2/d. Even for the combined roughing filter-activated sludge process, the Kaldnes carriers outperformed the other carriers, with 98% removal of organic carbon and 99.6% removal of BOD5. The Kaldnes train final effluent concentrations were only 22 mg FOC/L and 7 mg BOD5/L. Based on the successful pilot testing, the full-scale plant was upgraded with Kaldnes Moving Bed roughing filters. During normal operation the upgraded plant has easily met the discharge limits of 100 mg COD/L and 50 mg SS/L. For the month of September 2002, with organic loads between 100 and 115% of the design load for the second half of the month, average effluent concentrations were as low as 9 mg FOC/L, 51 mg COD/L and 12 mg SS/L.
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174
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Tang JX, Chen WY, He G, Zhou J, Gu NF, Feng GY, He L. Polymorphisms within 5' end of the Neuregulin 1 gene are genetically associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9:11-2. [PMID: 14647391 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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175
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Abstract
A group of Ti(60)Cu(14)Ni(12)Sn(4)M(10) (M=Nb, Ta, Mo) alloys was prepared using arc melting and copper mold casting. The as-prepared alloys have a composite microstructure containing a micrometer-sized dendritic beta-Ti(M) phase dispersed in a nanocrystalline matrix. These new alloys exhibit a low Young's modulus in the range of 59-103 GPa, and a high yield strength of 1037-1755 MPa, together with large plastic strains. The combination of high strength and low elastic modulus offers potential advantages in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Metallische Werkstoffe, Postfach 270016, Dresden D-01171, Germany.
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176
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Abstract
Adipokines such as Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin (IL)-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are elevated in patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated whether glucose affected the production of these adipokines in human adipose tissue in vitro. Glucose (up to 35mM) increased secretion of PAI-1 (p<0.01) and IL-8 (p<0.01), but not TNF-alpha, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Half-maximal stimulatory concentration of glucose was about 1mM. Glucosamine (5mM) decreased production of PAI-1 (p<0.05) and IL-8 (p<0.05), indicating that the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway is not involved in the glucose-induced increment in adipokine secretion. The present data demonstrate that glucose increases PAI-1 and IL-8 secretion. However, glucose concentrations above 5mM had no additional effects on adipokine secretion, suggesting that mechanisms other than diabetes/insulin resistance-related hyperglycemia may be involved in the observed elevation of these adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Amtssygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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177
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Abstract
We find that the failure of bulk metallic glassy (BMG) materials follows three modes, i.e., shear fracture with a fracture plane significantly deviating from 45 degrees to the loading direction, normal tensile fracture with a fracture plane perpendicular to the loading direction, or distensile fracture in a break or splitting mode with a fracture plane parallel to the loading direction. The actually occurring type of failure strongly depends on the applied loading mode and the microstructure of the material. Extensive evidence indicates that the Tresca fracture criterion is invalid, and for the first time, three fracture criteria are developed for isotropic materials with high strength, such as advanced BMGs or the newly developed bulk nanostructural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Zhang
- IFW Dresden, Institute of Metallic Materials, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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178
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He G, Pedersen SB, Bruun JM, Lihn AS, Jensen PF, Richelsen B. Differences in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in subcutaneous versus omental adipose tissue in non-obese and obese subjects. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35:178-82. [PMID: 12734779 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue can produce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). It has been suggested that high levels of PAI-1 are of importance in enhanced cardiovascular disease observed among obese subjects, especially abdominally obese individuals. In the present study, we investigated the level of mRNA and production of PAI-1 in adipose tissue from two adipose tissue depots (omental vs. subcutaneous). Adipose tissue from both depots was obtained from obese (mean BMI, 46.9 kg/m 2) and non-obese (mean BMI, 23.9 kg/m 2) women. PAI-1 mRNA was measured both in fresh adipose tissue obtained immediately after surgery and after the adipose tissue (fragments) had been incubated for up to 72 h. In immediately frozen adipose tissue, PAI-1 mRNA expression was similar in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. No differences between obese and non-obese women were found. However, when adipose tissue fragments were cultured, PAI-1 mRNA and PAI-1 production were significantly higher in omental than in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.05). In the culture system, the production of PAI-1 in obese subjects was higher than in non-obese subjects in both subcutaneous (p < 0.05) and in omental adipose tissue (p = 0.19). In order to test whether these regional differences observed after incubation of the adipose tissue were due to differences in local accumulation of cytokines that may stimulate PAI-1 by a paracrine or autocrine manner, we investigated the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and protein. No differences between the two fat depots were found. In conclusion, no differences in PAI-1 expression between omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue were observed in biopsies frozen immediately after removal, but after incubation of adipose tissue (which somehow stimulates PAI-1 production), higher levels of PAI-1 were found in omental adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Finally, PAI-1 production in adipose tissue from obese women was higher in non-obese women after incubation for 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Kommehospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C., Denmark
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179
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He G, Pedersen SB, Bruun JM, Lihn AS, Richelsen B. Metformin, but not thiazolidinediones, inhibits plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production in human adipose tissue in vitro. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35:18-23. [PMID: 12669266 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are primarily used as anti-diabetic drugs, are also associated with other beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors such as reduced plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration in both diabetic and non-diabetic obese subjects. Since human adipose tissue is of importance for the production of PAI-1, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible direct effects of these anti-diabetic agents on PAI-1 mRNA and secretion by human adipose tissue. Adipose tissue was obtained from biopsies taken from the subcutaneous abdominal depot. Adipose tissue fragments, isolated mature adipocytes, and preadipocytes were incubated in vitro with metformin and various TZDs. Metformin (0.1 - 10 mM) dose-dependently decreased PAI-1 production (and PAI-1 mRNA) under both basal (43 % inhibition at 10 mM, p < 0.05) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated conditions where the levels were inhibited by 47.8 % at 1 mM metformin (p < 0.05) and by 100 % at 10 mM (p < 0.01). None of the TZDs tested (PPAR-gamma agonists: troglitazone, pioglitazone, or ciglitazone) had any effects on PAI-1 production. Moreover, no effects on PAI-1 production were observed using various PPAR-alpha agonists such as 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), Wy14643 and fenofibrate. Our findings indicate no direct effects of TZDs on PAI-1 secretion, whereas metformin was able to directly inhibit PAI-1 production in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Amtssygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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180
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He G, Li X, Liang Q. [Protection of naoyi-an granule in ischemic brain injury secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage in rats]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2002; 24:546-50. [PMID: 12080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the protective effect and its mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine complex, naoyi-an granule(NYAG), on intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in rats. METHODS Collagenase-induced ICH rats were used. Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) activity of ischemic cerebral cortex surrounding the intracerebral hematoma was assayed by monitoring the conversion of L-3H-arginine to L-3H-citrulline. Pathologic changes in the same area were observed with transmission electron microscope on the 2nd day, the 4th day and the 7th day after ICH. RESULTS The iNOS activities of NYA-treated group decreased remarkably(P < 0.01) compared with those of the saline-treated group. Ultrastructural observation also indicated that NYAG ameliorated the brain edema, cell degeneration and necrosis. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of NYAG on iNOS activity may be related to its protection against ischemic brain injury secondary to ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Institute of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410008
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181
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Ke Y, He G, Li J, Zhang Y, Lu S, Lei Z. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Open Framework Zinc-Cobalt Phosphate with Zeolite DFT Topology. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und technische Kristallographie 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4079(200208)37:8<803::aid-crat803>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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182
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Abstract
Although the inhibition of bacterial glycolysis by zinc ions might be expected to moderate dental caries, there has not been a comparison of the effect of Zn on different organisms under both fixed pH and free-fall conditions. Here, the effect of ZnCl(2) on Streptococcus salivarius, Strep. mutans, Strep. sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii and Lactobacillus casei, as well as on mixtures of oral organisms outgrown from human dental plaque and saliva, was surveyed. pH-stat experiments were performed at pH 7, 6 or 5 in a solution containing 5% glucose and a suspension of the test organism; pH-fall experiments started at pH 7. In both cases, acid production was monitored for 60 min, when samples were taken for Zn and lactate determinations. Under pH-stat conditions, acid production was inhibited by Zn most strongly in Strep. sobrinus and Strep. salivarius. In terms of total acid production averted, however, the effect of Zn under both pH-stat and pH-fall conditions was clearly greatest with Strep. salivarius. A. naeslundii was inhibited the least strongly under pH-stat conditions. Cultured oral organism mixtures were more sensitive to moderate concentrations of zinc (0.2-0.3mM initial concentration) than were the single species to higher concentrations (1mM). Packed cell layers responded to Zn quite differently from suspensions, the pH often falling in the presence of 1mM Zn at a rate similar to the no Zn control. As streptococci had the highest acidogenesis rates in both pH-stat and pH-fall experiments, it seems likely that inhibition of acid production with these organisms would be of more value in moderating caries than the inhibition of less acidogenic organisms such as A. naeslundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Medical University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan, PR China
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183
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Li Y, Chen Z, Wang Q, Liang Z, Kuang A, He G, Gao B, Lin D. [A comparison of the kinetic characters of NT-3, NT-4 and BDNF retrogradely transported in facial nerve]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 32:535-7. [PMID: 12528541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the kinetic characters of retrograde transport of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) in facial nerve. METHODS Radioactive tracer technique was used. After one lateral facial nerve trunk of adult rabbit was transected, a silicone chamber was inserted between the stumps, and 3.7 MBq of 125I-NT-3 or 125I-NT-4 or 125I-BDNF or 125I-HSA was administered into the chamber. At different time-points after injection, the facial nerve trunk and facial nerve motor neurone of brain-stem were collected and the uptake rates were measured. The kinetic parameters of each labeled compound were calculated using 3P87 program of kinetics. RESULTS The transport amount of neurotrophin retrogradely transported by facial nerve is NT-3 > BDNF > NT-4 (P < 0.05), the transport rate is NT-4 > NT-3 > BDNF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings could serve as the kinetic characters of retrograde transport of neurotrophins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, WCUMS, Chengdu, 610041 China
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184
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Kuang J, He G, Huang Z, Khokhar AR, Siddik ZH. Bimodal effects of 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane(trans-diacetato)(dichloro)platinum(IV) on cell cycle checkpoints. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:3629-39. [PMID: 11705886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
1R,2R-Diaminocyclohexane(trans-diacetato)(dichloro)-platinum(IV) (DACH-acetato-Pt) is a novel platinum-based agent that is highly effective against cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumor cells. To probe its cellular mechanism, the effects of DACH-acetato-Pt (0-6.4 microM) on cell cycle checkpoints were examined using the ovarian cancer A2780 cell line as the model system. We found that DACH-acetato-Pt at > or =0.2 microM dramatically inhibited cell growth and induced cell death. At concentrations < or =0.6 microM (low effective concentrations), DACH-acetato-Pt specifically induced G(1) phase arrest by selectively inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and Cdk2 activities. The Cdc2 activity, which regulates G(2)-M phase progression, was unaffected by the drug at these concentrations. At concentrations >0.6 microM (high effective concentrations), DACH-acetato-Pt first transiently inhibited S-phase progression and then blocked cell cycle progression at both G(1) and G(2) phases. These cell cycle effects were associated with sequential inhibitions of Cdk2/cyclin A activity, Cdk4 and Cdk2 activities, and Cdc2 kinase activity. Following the cell cycle effects, both the low and high effective concentrations of DACH-acetato-Pt induced cell death through apoptosis. These results indicate that DACH-acetato-Pt activates multiple cell cycle checkpoints in a bimodal manner and suggest that the cell cycle effects demonstrated in these studies may be linked to its ability to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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185
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Guo Z, Wang J, Meng L, Wu Q, Kim O, Hart J, He G, Zhou P, Thistlethwaite JR, Alegre ML, Fu YX, Newell KA. Cutting edge: membrane lymphotoxin regulates CD8(+) T cell-mediated intestinal allograft rejection. J Immunol 2001; 167:4796-800. [PMID: 11673481 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the CD28/B7 and/or CD154/CD40 costimulatory pathways promotes long-term allograft survival in many transplant models where CD4(+) T cells are necessary for rejection. When CD8(+) T cells are sufficient to mediate rejection, these approaches fail, resulting in costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. To address this problem we examined the role of lymphotoxin-related molecules in CD8(+) T cell-mediated rejection of murine intestinal allografts. Targeting membrane lymphotoxin by means of a fusion protein, mAb, or genetic mutation inhibited rejection of intestinal allografts by CD8(+) T cells. This effect was associated with decreased monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) and secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC) gene expression within allografts and spleens respectively. Blocking membrane lymphotoxin did not inhibit rejection mediated by CD4(+) T cells. Combining disruption of membrane lymphotoxin and treatment with CTLA4-Ig inhibited rejection in wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that membrane lymphotoxin is an important regulatory molecule for CD8(+) T cells mediating rejection and suggest a strategy to avoid costimulation blockade-resistant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Guo
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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186
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Abstract
AIM: To observe the effects of Qiwei Baizhu Powder (QWBZP) on rotaviral gastroenteritis in children and in animal models.
METHODS: Enrolled patients were divided into two groups, and one group was treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS) and the other treated with oral liquid of QWBZP. Neonate mice were orally infected with 50 μL rotavirus suspension (4 × 108 PFU/mL) and treated with ORS or oral liquid of QWBZP, respectively.
RESULTS: Eighty-three cases of rotaviral gastroenteritis treated with QWBZP revealed a better efficacy than that treated with ORS (χ² = 10.87, P < 0.05). The contents of sodium and glucose as well as number of patients with positive human rotavirus antigen in stool in QWBZP group were all less than that in ORS group. In animal models, QWBZP was found effective in treating rotavirus gastroenteritis in neonate NIH mice, as compared with control groups. In QWBZP group, the mortality of infected mice was decreased by 73.3%, the body weight of infected mice was increased, the contents of sodium and glucose as well as number of mice with positive rotavirus antigen in feces were significantly reduced, and the pathological changes such as damage of small intestinal mucosa and villi were also obviously alleviated.
CONCLUSION: QWBZP has effects on improving the absorptive function of small intestine, shortening the duration of diarrhea and rotavirus shedding from stool and alleviating the pathological changes of small intestine induced by rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T He
- Institute of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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187
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Abstract
Optical properties of a series of finite sized hydrogenated carbon nanotubes with the smallest diameter of 4 A are studied systematically. Their absorption spectra are calculated with the localized-density-matrix method. The semiempirical MNDO parametric method 3 (PM3) Hamiltonian is employed. The finite optical gaps are predicted for the infinite long single-walled carbon nanotubes. Strong anisotropy characteristics of the dynamic polarizabilities are found for these tubes. The calculated results are in good agreement with the recent experimental findings. Further the compositions of the dipole-induced excitations are examined by projecting the corresponding density matrices onto the Hartree-Fock molecular orbital representation. Unlike the larger diameter carbon nanotubes whose absorption spectra are insensitive to the tube chiralities, the absorption spectra of 4 A single-walled carbon nanotubes depend very much on their chiralities. The chirality of the single-walled 4 A carbon nanotubes synthesized in the channels of the porous zeolites is thus determined to be (5,0) by comparing the calculated and measured absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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188
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He G, Sun H, Zeng Q, Zhang S, Yang Y, Gu Y. [A comparative observation preoperatively and postoperatively of nasal mucosa in chronic sinusitis treated with endoscopic sinus surgery]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 36:326-9. [PMID: 12761936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study morphologic and functional mucosal changes both preoperatively and postoperatively in chronic sinusitis (CS) treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS 1. Saccharin test and light microscopic examination of nasal mucosa were taken preoperatively and postoperatively in 32 cases with CS and in 28 normal subjects as control. 2. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed to exam preoperatively and postoperatively the nasal mucosa in 10 cases with CS and in 2 normal cases as control. RESULTS 1. The preoperative saccharin test time (STT) in patients with CS was significantly longer than that in the controls (P < 0.001), and the postoperative STT became significantly shorter than that in preoperative one(P < 0.001). 2. The pathological changes of nasal mucosa, such as infiltration in inflammatory cells, edema, polypoid formations and pathologic glands were observed preoperatively. The infiltration in inflammatory cells, edema and polypoid formations were significantly released (P < 0.01) at four months after operation, and there was no significant difference comparing with the controls (P > 0.05). However, the pathologic glands were not reduced even after four months postoperatively. 3. The examination of electron microscopy demonstrated that the ultrastructure of nasal mucosa was impaired preoperatively and almost completely recovered at four months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The normal structure and clearance function of nasal mucosa in patients with CS was impaired preoperatively, and the impaired structure and mucociliary clearing function of nasal mucosa were greatly improved after ESS and almost completely recovered at four months postoperatively. The pathologic glands and secretive function of nasal mucosa may need longer period for recovering.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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189
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Wu CF, Nakamura H, Chan AP, Zhou YH, Cao T, Kuang J, Gong SG, He G, Etkin LD. Tumorhead, a Xenopus gene product that inhibits neural differentiation through regulation of proliferation. Development 2001; 128:3381-93. [PMID: 11546754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.17.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumorhead (TH) is a novel maternal gene product from Xenopus laevis containing several basic domains and a weak coiled-coil. Overexpression of wild-type TH resulted in increased proliferation of neural plate cells, causing expansion of the neural field followed by neural tube and craniofacial abnormalities. Overexpressed TH protein repressed neural differentiation and neural crest markers, but did not inhibit the neural inducers, pan-neural markers or mesodermal markers. Loss of function by injection of anti-TH antibody inhibited cell proliferation. Our data are consistent with a model in which tumorhead functions in regulating differentiation of the neural tissues but not neural induction or determination through its effect on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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190
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Li Y, Yang X, Li L, Wang Q, He G, Gao B, Lin D. [A study of on the transport of neurotrophin-4 in facial nerve]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 32:353-5. [PMID: 12536561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a study on the transport information of neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in facial nerve using radioactive tracer technique. METHODS After one lateral facial nerve trunk of adult rabbit was transected, a silicone chamber was inserted between the stumps, and 7.4 MBq of 131I-NT-4 was administered into the chamber. At the distinct moment of post-injection, the head of one rabbit was imaged at coronary position, the bilateral facial nerve trunk and brain-stem of the others were collected and counted respectively. After 1 mg of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 7.4 MBq of 131I-NT-4 were administered into the chamber of one rabbit, the rabbit was imaged at coronary position of head at distinct moment. RESULTS 5.08% of 131I-NT-4 was transported into facial nerve trunk at 4 h of post-injection. 131I-NT-4 presented high peak in facial nerve trunk during the period of 8, 12 h, the peak values were 20.58% and 22.74% respectively. 34.75% and 45.57% of 131I-NT-4 were transported into the brain-stem of experimental side at 8 h and 12 h respectively. The transport of 131I-NT-4 was markedly restrained by BDNF in facial nerve. CONCLUSION NT-4 displays a receptor-mediated retrograde transport in facial nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, WCUMS, Chengdu 610041, China
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191
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Petryakov S, Chzhan M, Samouilov A, He G, Kuppusamy P, Zweier JL. A bridged loop-gap S-band surface resonator for topical EPR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 2001; 151:124-128. [PMID: 11444946 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2001.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The design and structure of a bridged loop-gap surface resonator developed for topical EPR spectroscopy and imaging of the distribution and metabolism of spin labels in in vivo skin is reported. The resonator is a one-loop, one-gap bridged structure. A pivoting single loop-coupling coil was used to couple the microwave power to the loop-gap resonant structure. A symmetric coupling circuit was used to achieve better shielding and minimize radiation. The frequency of the resonator can be easily adjusted by trimming the area of the capacitive foil bridge, which overlaps the gap in the cylindrical loop. The working frequency set was 2.2 GHz and the unloaded Q was 720. The B1 field of this resonator was measured and spatially mapped by three-dimensional EPR imaging. The resonator is well suited to topical measurements of large biological subjects and is readily applicable for in vivo measurements of free radicals in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Petryakov
- The EPR Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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192
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Shi J, Shao Z, Liu H, Li K, Song L, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Chen G, Chu Y, He H, Zhao M, He G, Feng B, Hao Y, Yang T, Yang C. [Study on the transformation from myelodysplastic syndromes into acute leukemias]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:351-4. [PMID: 11877096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the patterns of transformation from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) into acute leukemias (AL). METHODS Leukemic transformation of MDS patients was dynamically followed up and the clinical manifestations, peripheral blood and bone marrow pictures, karyotypes, immunophenotypes, response to treatment and prognosis of post MDS acute leukemia (postMDS-AL) were observed. RESULTS During the past eight year and seven months, 21 (13.91%) of 151 MDS patients progressed to overt leukemia with a median interval of 5 (1 - 21) months. There were no significant differences among the rates of leukemia from RA, RAEB and RAEB-t groups. The transformation was developed either gradually or rapidly. There were five parameters related to the leukemic transformation: under 40 years of age, pancytopenia, more than 0.15 blasts in bone marrow, at least two types of abnormal karyotype and combined chemotherapy. All of the 21 post MDS-AL were acute myeloid leukemia (AML); and most of them were M(2), M(4) and M(5). Two (9.52%) post MDS-AML developed extramedullary infiltration. Leukopenia was found in 47.62% of patients. Two third of the patients, whose bone marrows were generally hypercellular, showed neutropenias. After evolving into AML, 8 (47.06%) patients developed abnormal karyotypes. High expression of immature myeloid antigens, including CD(33) (49.83 +/- 24.50)%, CD(13) (36.38 +/- 33.84)%, monocytic antigen CD(14) (38.50 +/- 24.60)%, and stem cell marker CD(34) (34.67 +/- 30.59)% were found on bone marrow mononuclear cells of post MDS-AML cases. In some cases, lymphoid antigens, such as CD(5), CD(7), CD(9) and CD(19) were coexisted with myeloid antigens. A low complete remission rate (31.25%) and short survival duration with median survival of 6 (1 - 28) months were found in patients with post MDS-AML treated by induction therapy. CONCLUSION MDS was at high risk of evolving into AML, either gradually or rapidly. Patients with post MDS-AML had specific biologic features and worse prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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193
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Touyz RM, He G, Wu XH, Park JB, Mabrouk ME, Schiffrin EL. Src is an important mediator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-dependent growth signaling by angiotensin II in smooth muscle cells from resistance arteries of hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2001; 38:56-64. [PMID: 11463760 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.38.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of c-Src in growth signaling by angiotensin (Ang) II was investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from arteries of hypertensive patients. c-Src and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity, proto-oncogene expression, activating protein-1 (AP-1) DNA-binding activity, and DNA and protein synthesis were studied in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs derived from small peripheral resistance arteries of normotensive subjects (NTs, n=5) and age-matched untreated hypertensive patients (HTs, n=10). Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) and type 2 (AT(2)) receptor status was also assessed. Ang II dose-dependently increased the synthesis of DNA and protein, with enhanced effects in VSMCs from HTs. PD 098,059, a selective inhibitor of the ERK1/2 pathway, attenuated Ang II-stimulated growth in HTs. The effects of PD 098,059 were greater in HTs than in NTs. In NTs, Ang II transiently increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas in HTs, Ang II-stimulated actions were augmented and sustained. PP2, a selective Src inhibitor, reduced ERK1/2 activity and normalized ERK1/2 responses in HTs. Ang II-induced c-Src phosphorylation was 2- to 3-fold greater in HTs than in NTs. In HTs but not NTs, kinase activation was followed by overexpression of c-fos and enhanced AP-1 DNA-binding activity. PD 098,059 and PP2 attenuated these responses. AT(1) receptor expression was similar in NTs and HTs. In HT cells transfected with c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, Ang II-stimulated growth was reduced compared with sense oligodeoxynucleotide. Our findings suggest that augmented Ang II-stimulated VSMC growth is mediated via hyperactivation of c-Src-regulated ERK1/2-dependent pathways, leading to overexpression of c-fos mRNA and enhanced AP-1 DNA-binding activity. Because AT(1) receptor expression was unaltered in HTs, increased Ang II signaling may be a postreceptor phenomenon. These data define a signal transduction pathway whereby Ang II mediates exaggerated growth in VSMCs from HTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Touyz
- Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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194
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Abstract
Xp95, a protein recently identified in Xenopus laevis, is potentially involved in progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation. In this study, we cloned a human homologue of Xp95, designated Hp95, and examined the effect of its overexpression on the growth properties of human malignant HeLa cells which have lost the contact inhibition of cell proliferation. We observed that although HeLa cells did not undergo G1 phase arrest at any stage after confluence, they were able to downregulate their G1 phase CDK activities in response to confluence. When Hp95 was overexpressed in HeLa cells by transfection with a constitutive or an inducible expression vector containing a full-length Hp95 transgene, HeLa cells became able to undergo G1 phase arrest and form a monolayer culture after confluence. However, the G1 phase CDK activities in these Hp95 overexpressing cells were not inhibited further as compared to control cells after confluence. These results indicate that the defects in HeLa cells that cause the loss of contact inhibition of cell proliferation are in components downstream of the G1 phase CDKs and that overexpression of Hp95 counteracts some of these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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195
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Decker
- Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - G. He
- Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - I. Tokue
- Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - R. Glen Macdonald
- Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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196
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Guo Z, Meng L, Kim O, Wang J, Hart J, He G, Alegre ML, Thistlethwaite JR, Pearson TC, Larsen CP, Newell KA. CD8 T cell-mediated rejection of intestinal allografts is resistant to inhibition of the CD40/CD154 costimulatory pathway. Transplantation 2001; 71:1351-4. [PMID: 11403253 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200105150-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the CD40/CD154 pathway inhibits rejection in numerous models. The importance of this pathway on intestinal allograft rejection was examined in this study. METHODS Intestinal grafts from B6C3F1 mice transplanted into C57BL/6 recipients were assessed histologically for rejection. RESULTS The monoclonal antibody to CD154, MR1, failed to inhibit rejection in wild-type mice. Similarly, CD154-/- recipient mice rejected intestinal allografts. MR1 did inhibit early rejection in CD8-/- mice, but had no effect in CD4-/- recipients. All MR1-treated CD8-/- recipients eventually developed rejection. No benefit was observed when blockade of the CD40/CD154 pathway by MR1 was combined with blockade of the CD28/B7 pathway by mCTLA4Ig. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CD4+ T cells mediating intestinal allograft rejection may be more dependent upon the CD40/CD154 pathway than CD8+ T cells. This finding highlights the importance of identifying agents that suppress CD8+ T cell-mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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197
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He G, Shao Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li K, Song L, Zheng Y, Chen G, He H, Zhao M, Shi J, Zhang H, Chu Y, Qian L, Yang T, Yang C. [Sequential intensified immunosuppressive therapy combining with hematopoietic growth factors in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:177-81. [PMID: 11877068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore more effective regimen for reducing early mortality of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and improving therapeutic effectiveness. METHODS Antilymphocyte globulin/antithymocyte globulin (ALG/ATG) and cyclosporine A (CsA) (sequential intensified immunosuppressive therapy, SIIST), with or without hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) were administered to 73 SAA patients in a prospective randomized clinical trial to test the effectiveness of the addition of HGFs for the patients. RESULTS The response rate of SIIST with HGFs group was significantly higher than that of SIIST alone group (89.2% vs 63.9%), with lower rates of early infection (24.3% vs 55.3%) and mortality (4.0% vs 16.7%), shorter duration of cytopenia and blood transfusion dependence and faster recovery of bone marrow hematopoiesis. The addition of HGFs to SIIST was tolerated well in all patients. There was no difference in the treatment outcome of the two groups with GM-CSF plus Epo or G-CSF plus Epo. CONCLUSION The use of HGFs in combination with SIIST could reduce early infection and mortality rates and, therefore, improve the response rates in SAA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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198
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He G, Petryakov S, Samouilov A, Chzhan M, Kuppusamy P, Zweier JL. Development of a resonator with automatic tuning and coupling capability to minimize sample motion noise for in vivo EPR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 2001; 149:218-27. [PMID: 11318620 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2001.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
EPR spectroscopy has been applied to measure free radicals in vivo; however, respiratory, cardiac, and other movements of living animals are a major source of noise and spectral distortion. Sample motions result in changes in resonator frequency, Q, and coupling. These instabilities limit the applications that can be performed and the quality of data that can be obtained. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop resonators with automatic tuning and automatic coupling capability. We report the development of automatic tuning and automatic coupling provisions for a 750-MHz transversely oriented electric field reentrant resonator using two electronically tunable high Q hyperabrupt varactor diodes and feedback loops. In both moving phantoms and living mice, these automatic coupling control and automatic tuning control provisions resulted in an 8- to 10-fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- G He
- EPR Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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199
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Touyz RM, Wu XH, He G, Park JB, Chen X, Vacher J, Rajapurohitam V, Schiffrin EL. Role of c-Src in the regulation of vascular contraction and Ca2+ signaling by angiotensin II in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens 2001; 19:441-9. [PMID: 11288814 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200103000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tyrosine kinases, typically associated with growth-signaling pathways, also play a role in Ang II-stimulated vascular contraction. However the specific kinases involved are unclear. We hypothesize here that c-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is an important upstream regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) Ca2+ signaling and associated vascular contraction induced by Ang II. METHODS Cultured VSMCs from resistance arteries of healthy subjects were studied. Human VSMCs electroporated with anti-c-Src antibody and c-Src-deficient VSMCs from small arteries of c-Src knockout mice (Src-/-mVSMCs) were also investigated. Intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), c-Src activity and IP3 production were measured by fura 2, immunoblot and radioimmunoassay respectively. Contraction was examined in intact rat small arteries. RESULTS Ang II rapidly increased VSMC c-Src activity, with peak responses obtained at 1 min. Ang II induced a biphasic [Ca2+]i response (Emax = 636 +/- 123 nmol/l). The initial [Ca2+]i transient, mediated primarily by Ca2+mobilization, was dose-dependently attenuated by the selective Src inhibitor, PP2, but not by PP3 (inactive analogue). Ang II-elicited [Ca2+]i responses were blunted in cells electroporated with anti-c-Src antibodies and in c-Src-/-mVSMCs. Src inhibition decreased Ang II-induced generation of IP3 in human VSMCs. Ang II dose-dependently increased vascular contraction (Emax = 40 +/- 6.5%). These responses were attenuated by PP2 (Emax = 7.8 +/- 0.08%) but not by PP3 (Emax = 35 +/- 4.5%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify c-Src as an important regulator of VSMC [Ca2+]i signaling and implicate a novel contractile role for this non-receptor tyrosine kinase in Ang II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Touyz
- MRC Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension, Sungkyun Kwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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200
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Touyz RM, He G, El Mabrouk M, Diep Q, Mardigyan V, Schiffrin EL. Differential activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen activated-protein kinase by AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells from Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2001; 19:553-9. [PMID: 11327629 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200103001-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigates effects of angiotensin II on activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen activated-protein kinase (p38MAPK) and c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were studied. Angiotensin II-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38MAPK were assessed by Western blot analysis. c-fos mRNA expression by angiotensin II was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the absence and presence of PD98059, selective inhibitor of ERK1/2-dependent pathways and SB202190, selective p38MAPK inhibitor. RESULTS Angiotensin II increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK, but not JNK. Responses were significantly increased in SHR compared with WKY. Irbesartan, AT1 receptor antagonist, but not PD123319, AT2 receptor blocker, abolished angiotensin II-induced effects. PP2, selective Src inhibitor, decreased angiotensin II-mediated activation of MAP kinases. Angiotensin II increased c-fos mRNA expression in SHR and had a small stimulatory effect in WKY. These actions were inhibited by PD98059, whereas SB202190 had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin II-induced activation of vascular ERK1/2 and p38MAPK is increased in SHR. These effects are mediated via AT1 receptors, which activate Src-dependent pathways. Overexpression of c-fos mRNA in SHR is due to ERK1/2-dependent, p38MAPK-independent pathways. Our results suggest that angiotensin II activates numerous MAP kinases in VSMCs and that differential activation of these kinases may be important in altered growth signaling in VSMCs from SHR.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/pathology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR/metabolism
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Receptors, Angiotensin/physiology
- Reference Values
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Touyz
- Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Canada.
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