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Thomas SM, Gaines PA, Beard JD. Midterm follow-up of 1000 patients in the Registry of Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (RETA). Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2001.01757-40.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to present the midterm follow-up data of patients in the Registry of Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (RETA).
Methods
RETA now has a cohort of 1000 registered patients. Follow-up data are available for 483 patients at 1 year (80·8 per cent follow-up rate), 191 at 2 years (78·0 per cent follow-up rate) and 64 at 3 years (64·0 per cent follow-up rate).
Results
The mortality rates were 10·8, 12·6 and 6·3 per cent at 1, 2 and 3 years' follow-up respectively. The majority of deaths at follow-up were unrelated to the endovascular aneurysm repair. However, ruptures have occurred, with five (1·0 per cent) occurring in the first year of follow-up and three (1·6 per cent) reported in the second year of follow-up. This gives a cumulative risk of rupture of 1·0 per cent at 1 year and 2·6 per cent at 2 and 3 years. Three of the ruptures had persisting primary proximal endoleaks and two had documented secondary endoleaks. Complications related to the aneurysm or device occurred in 11·1, 14·8 and 12·8 per cent of cases at 1, 2 and 3 years' follow-up. The commonest problems were secondary endoleaks, although most of these had successful endovascular treatment. Graft or limb occlusions were the next most common problems. Follow-up of patients having secondary procedures with endovascular treatment suggests these treatments are durable, although the numbers at present are small. The cumulative endoleak-free survival rate was 73·4, 57·9 and 49·9 per cent, and the cumulative freedom from endoleak rate was 88·3, 81·2 and 75·6 per cent at 1, 2 and 3 years' follow-up respectively.
Conclusion
Most deaths occurring at follow-up are not related to the aortic aneursyms. Ruptures have occurred, some related to primary proximal type I endoleaks. Others may be related to secondary endoleaks that have not been detected. Late complications related to the device or aneurysm occur at a rate of about 10 per cent per year. Most frequently these are new endoleaks and are amenable to endovascular treatment, but recurrence may occur, so continued surveillance is necessary.
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Cheng Q, Thomas SM, Rouvière P. Biological conversion of cyclic alkanes and cyclic alcohols into dicarboxylic acids: biochemical and molecular basis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 58:704-11. [PMID: 12021788 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-002-0958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2001] [Revised: 01/25/2002] [Accepted: 01/25/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Biological oxidation of cyclic alkanes and cyclic alcohols normally results in formation of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, which are further metabolized in the cell. The biochemical pathways for oxidative conversion of cyclic compounds are similar in various phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Significant progress has been made in the past 2 years in the isolation and characterization of genes involved in cyclic alkane oxidation pathways in several bacterial species. In this article, we review recent advancements in the field of cyclic alcohol oxidation with focus on the biochemical and genetic characterization of the gene functions. Phylogenetic relationships of the analogous enzymes in the pathways are analyzed. Potential biocatalysis applications of these enzymes are also discussed.
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Bramucci MG, McCutchen CM, Singh M, Thomas SM, Larsen BS, Buckholz J, Nagarajan V. Pure bacterial isolates that convert p-xylene to terephthalic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 58:255-9. [PMID: 11876420 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-001-0879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria that grow on p-xylene, p-toluic acid, and terephthalic acid (TPA) were isolated from a wastewater bioreactor that is used to treat a waste stream that contains all three of these compounds. Although previously described aerobic bacteria degrade p-xylene by initially oxidizing a single methyl group to form p-toluic acid and then cleaving the aromatic ring, some of the bacteria isolated during this study transformed p-xylene by oxidizing both methyl groups to produce TPA.
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Jordan TR, Thomas SM. Effects of horizontal viewing angle on visual and audiovisual speech recognition. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2001; 27:1386-403. [PMID: 11766932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors investigated the effects of changes in horizontal viewing angle on visual and audiovisual speech recognition in 4 experiments, using a talker's face viewed full face, three quarters, and in profile. When only experimental items were shown (Experiments 1 and 2), identification of unimodal visual speech and visual speech influences on congruent and incongruent auditory speech were unaffected by viewing angle changes. However, when experimental items were intermingled with distractor items (Experiments 3 and 4), identification of unimodal visual speech decreased with profile views, whereas visual speech influences on congruent and incongruent auditory speech remained unaffected by viewing angle changes. These findings indicate that audiovisual speech recognition withstands substantial changes in horizontal viewing angle, but explicit identification of visual speech is less robust. Implications of this distinction for understanding the processes underlying visual and audiovisual speech recognition are discussed.
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Kostichka K, Thomas SM, Gibson KJ, Nagarajan V, Cheng Q. Cloning and characterization of a gene cluster for cyclododecanone oxidation in Rhodococcus ruber SC1. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:6478-86. [PMID: 11591693 PMCID: PMC100144 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.21.6478-6486.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological oxidation of cyclic ketones normally results in formation of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, which are further metabolized in the cell. Rhodococcus ruber strain SC1 was isolated from an industrial wastewater bioreactor that was able to utilize cyclododecanone as the sole carbon source. A reverse genetic approach was used to isolate a 10-kb gene cluster containing all genes required for oxidative conversion of cyclododecanone to 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (DDDA). The genes required for cyclododecanone oxidation were only marginally similar to the analogous genes for cyclohexanone oxidation. The biochemical function of the enzymes encoded on the 10-kb gene cluster, the flavin monooxygenase, the lactone hydrolase, the alcohol dehydrogenase, and the aldehyde dehydrogenase, was determined in Escherichia coli based on the ability to convert cyclododecanone. Recombinant E. coli strains grown in the presence of cyclododecanone accumulated lauryl lactone, 12-hydroxylauric acid, and/or DDDA depending on the genes cloned. The cyclododecanone monooxygenase is a type 1 Baeyer-Villiger flavin monooxygenase (FAD as cofactor) and exhibited substrate specificity towards long-chain cyclic ketones (C11 to C15), which is different from the specificity of cyclohexanone monooxygenase favoring short-chain cyclic compounds (C5 to C7).
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Snapper SB, Takeshima F, Antón I, Liu CH, Thomas SM, Nguyen D, Dudley D, Fraser H, Purich D, Lopez-Ilasaca M, Klein C, Davidson L, Bronson R, Mulligan RC, Southwick F, Geha R, Goldberg MB, Rosen FS, Hartwig JH, Alt FW. N-WASP deficiency reveals distinct pathways for cell surface projections and microbial actin-based motility. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:897-904. [PMID: 11584271 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1001-897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family of molecules integrates upstream signalling events with changes in the actin cytoskeleton. N-WASP has been implicated both in the formation of cell-surface projections (filopodia) required for cell movement and in the actin-based motility of intracellular pathogens. To examine N-WASP function we have used homologous recombination to inactivate the gene encoding murine N-WASP. Whereas N-WASP-deficient embryos survive beyond gastrulation and initiate organogenesis, they have marked developmental delay and die before embryonic day 12. N-WASP is not required for the actin-based movement of the intracellular pathogen Listeria but is absolutely required for the motility of Shigella and vaccinia virus. Despite these distinct defects in bacterial and viral motility, N-WASP-deficient fibroblasts spread by using lamellipodia and can protrude filopodia. These results imply a crucial and non-redundant role for N-WASP in murine embryogenesis and in the actin-based motility of certain pathogens but not in the general formation of actin-containing structures.
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Young BA, Taooka Y, Liu S, Askins KJ, Yokosaki Y, Thomas SM, Sheppard D. The cytoplasmic domain of the integrin alpha9 subunit requires the adaptor protein paxillin to inhibit cell spreading but promotes cell migration in a paxillin-independent manner. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:3214-25. [PMID: 11598204 PMCID: PMC60168 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2001] [Revised: 07/12/2001] [Accepted: 08/03/2001] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin alpha9 subunit forms a single heterodimer, alpha9beta1. The alpha9 subunit is most closely related to the alpha4 subunit, and like alpha4 integrins, alpha9beta1 plays an important role in leukocyte migration. The alpha4 cytoplasmic domain preferentially enhances cell migration and inhibits cell spreading, effects that depend on interaction with the adaptor protein, paxillin. To determine whether the alpha9 cytoplasmic domain has similar effects, a series of chimeric and deleted alpha9 constructs were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and tested for their effects on migration and spreading on an alpha9beta1-specific ligand. Like alpha4, the alpha9 cytoplasmic domain enhanced cell migration and inhibited cell spreading. Paxillin also specifically bound the alpha9 cytoplasmic domain and to a similar level as alpha4. In paxillin(-/-) cells, alpha9 failed to inhibit cell spreading as expected but surprisingly still enhanced cell migration. Further, mutations that abolished the alpha9-paxillin interaction prevented alpha9 from inhibiting cell spreading but had no effect on alpha9-dependent cell migration. These findings suggest that the mechanisms by which the cytoplasmic domains of integrin alpha subunits enhance migration and inhibit cell spreading are distinct and that the alpha9 and alpha4 cytoplasmic domains, despite sequence and functional similarities, enhance cell migration by different intracellular signaling pathways.
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Volkman SK, Barry AE, Lyons EJ, Nielsen KM, Thomas SM, Choi M, Thakore SS, Day KP, Wirth DF, Hartl DL. Recent origin of Plasmodium falciparum from a single progenitor. Science 2001; 293:482-4. [PMID: 11463913 DOI: 10.1126/science.1059878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability of Plasmodium falciparum underlies its transmission success and thwarts efforts to control disease caused by this parasite. Genetic variation in antigenic, drug resistance, and pathogenesis determinants is abundant, consistent with an ancient origin of P. falciparum, whereas DNA variation at silent (synonymous) sites in coding sequences appears virtually absent, consistent with a recent origin of the parasite. To resolve this paradox, we analyzed introns and demonstrated that these are deficient in single-nucleotide polymorphisms, as are synonymous sites in coding regions. These data establish the recent origin of P. falciparum and further provide an explanation for the abundant diversity observed in antigen and other selected genes.
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Thomas SM. The industrial exploitation of genomes DNA sequence--new EC genomes special edition. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2001; 11:199-206. [PMID: 11092730 DOI: 10.3109/10425170009033233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Genes and pathways involved in inorganic nitrogen cycles have been found in traditional as well as unusual microorganisms. These pathways or enzymes play a very important role in the adaptation or survival of these microorganisms under a variety of environmental conditions. Microbial nitrogen metabolism has industrial applications ranging from wastewater treatment to bioremediation and potential future use in biocatalysis for chemical production.
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Jordan TR, Thomas SM, Scott-Brown KC. The illusory-letters phenomenon: an illustration of graphemic restoration in visual word recognition. Perception 2001; 28:1413-6. [PMID: 10755149 DOI: 10.1068/p2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a demonstration of word perception in which stimuli containing very few letters (just 50% of their original number) are presented for unlimited durations and yet are seen unequivocally as complete words. The phenomenon suggests that recognition of words can be achieved even when perception of their component letters is prevented.
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Thomas SM, Jordan TR. Techniques for the production of point-light and fully illuminated video displays from identical recordings. BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, INSTRUMENTS, & COMPUTERS : A JOURNAL OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC 2001; 33:59-64. [PMID: 11296720 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Illumination of only a few key points on a moving human body or face is enough to convey a compelling perception of human motion. A full understanding of the perception of biological motion from point-light displays requires accurate comparison with the perception of motion in normal, fully illuminated versions of the same images. Traditionally, these two types of stimuli (point-light and fully illuminated) have been filmed separately, allowing the introduction of uncontrolled variation across recordings. This is undesirable for accurate comparison of perceptual performance across the two types of display. This article describes simple techniques, using proprietary software, that allow production of point-light and fully illuminated video displays from identical recordings. These techniques are potentially useful for many studies of motion perception, by permitting precise comparison of perceptual performances across point-light displays and their fully illuminated counterparts with accuracy and comparative ease.
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Thomas SM, Gaines PA, Beard JD. Short-term (30-day) outcome of endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurism: results from the prospective Registry of Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurism (RETA). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001; 21:57-64. [PMID: 11235667 DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2000.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to assess the early morbidity and mortality of a new treatment, the endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms, during its introduction into clinical practice. DESIGN a prospective voluntary registry collecting demographic and risk factor data, details of aneurysm morphology, procedure performed, immediate and 30-day outcomes. SETTING thirty-one U.K. centres performing endovascular repair submitted data. RESULTS six hundred and eleven cases were registered in three years of data collection (January 1996 to December 1998). Four per cent of patients received an aortic tube device, 60% an aorto-bi-iliac device and 36% an aorto-uni-iliac device and a crossover graft (AUIC). Conversion to open repair was required in 5% of cases, with more conversions in the AUIC group (OR 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3-6.4)p=0.01). Post procedure complications occurred in 25% of cases. Unfit patients had significantly more complications than fit patients (35% vs 20% for fit patients (OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2-2.7)p=0.007)). At 30 days aneurysms were excluded in 90% of cases. Endoleaks were more common in larger aneurysms (2% if aneurysms were <6 cm in diameter vs 10% if >6 cm, OR 5.6 (95% CI: 2.1-14.9)p=0.0006). The overall mortality was 7% but was significantly higher for AUIC devices, (4% for combined aortic tube and bi-iliac devices (AT/BI) vs 12%, OR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2-5.9 p=0.018)), and unfit patients (4% for fit patients vs 18%, OR 4.3 (95% CI: 2.0-9.5)p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS endovascular repair is feasible with short-term outcomes comparable to those of conventional surgical repair. In unfit patients the possible benefit in life expectancy gain must be balanced against the morbidity and mortality of the procedure.
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Thomas SM, Overhage JM, Warvel J, McDonald CJ. A comparison of a printed patient summary document with its electronic equivalent: early results. Proc AMIA Symp 2001:701-5. [PMID: 11825276 PMCID: PMC2243457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians are always searching for efficient access to clinical data. The Regenstrief Medical Record System has a printed report that fills this niche: Pocket Rounds. Handheld computers may offer an alternative, but it is unclear how effectively a handheld computer can display such data. We surveyed residents and students on the general medicine services for their opinions regarding Pocket Rounds. Those with handheld computers were given access to an electronic version of Pocket Rounds-e-Rounds. We surveyed the subjects who used e-Rounds for their opinions on the electronic format and how it compared to paper. Users overall satisfaction with Pocket Rounds was 5.8 on a seven-point scale. User s overall satisfaction for e-Rounds was 5.6 on a seven-point scale. The most useful function was retrieval of lab data for both modalities. The results suggest that the electronic format is a viable alternative to paper. Further evaluation is needed, and we plan a prospective controlled trial to study this further.
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Dandie CE, Thomas SM, McClure NC. Comparison of a range of green fluorescent protein-tagging vectors for monitoring a microbial inoculant in soil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2001; 32:26-30. [PMID: 11169037 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new transposon-based tagging vectors have been constructed using the gfp marker gene under control of either constitutive or inducible promoters. The two vectors, along with the established pUTminiTn5gfp were used to tag a diesel-degrading Pseudomonas strain. Tagged strains were obtained that were not affected in terms of their growth or ability to use diesel as a carbon source. The transposon tags were stably maintained in the strains without selection and provided visible fluorescence as colonies or single cells in suspension. Tagging did not impede the survival of tagged Pseudomonas aeruginosa GP41B strains in diesel-contaminated soil microcosms. The tagged strains were easily recovered from the microcosms after a 3-month period. The tagging of bacteria with gfp using either native or introduced constitutive/inducible promoters is an effective and easy way to monitor their survival in soil.
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Abstract
Over the past twenty years, intensive research has enabled us to identify components of specific signalling pathways downstream of an array of adhesion and growth-factor receptors. The first Gordon Research Conference on 'Signalling by Adhesion Receptors', which took place in Newport, Rhode Island, USA (23-28 July 2000), focused on these findings.
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Moinpour CM, Atkinson JO, Thomas SM, Underwood SM, Harvey C, Parzuchowski J, Lovato LC, Ryan AM, Hill MS, Deantoni E, Gritz ER, Thompson IM, Coltman CA. Minority recruitment in the prostate cancer prevention trial. Ann Epidemiol 2000; 10:S85-91. [PMID: 11189097 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE African American men have a higher prostate cancer risk profile than that of other men in the United States. The purpose of this manuscript is to summarize the challenges associated with enrolling and randomizing African American and other minority participants in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). METHODS The PCPT is a randomized trial of finasteride versus placebo for preventing prostate cancer in healthy men age 55 years and older; it is coordinated by the Southwest Oncology Group. The manuscript describes demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the PCPT randomized sample (18,882 men) by four racial and ethnic groups (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and other). African American men comprised 4% of the total randomized sample compared to our goal of 8%. Minority recruitment was emphasized through the Study Manual and training that occurred at trial activation. Supplemental minority recruitment activities were initiated a year after study activation and continued through the end of the accrual period. Minority recruitment was emphasized as follows: minority recruitment presentations at PCPT training seminars (held during twice yearly Southwest Oncology Group meetings); distribution of additional minority recruitment materials; engagement of four consultants for minority recruitment; production of a Minority Recruitment Manual; and a small pilot study involving minority outreach recruiters at five PCPT sites. RESULTS The consultants were helpful in implementing the pilot project and in suggesting and reviewing materials for minority recruitment. The five-site pilot project did not increase either enrollment or randomization of minorities (with a possible exception at one site). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that a long-term perspective is required for successful recruitment of minority participants in clinical trials. Likewise, extensive minority recruitment efforts must be ready to implement at trial activation.
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Shim H, Chauhan S, Ryoo D, Bowers K, Thomas SM, Canada KA, Burken JG, Wood TK. Rhizosphere competitiveness of trichloroethylene-degrading, poplar-colonizing recombinant bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4673-8. [PMID: 11055909 PMCID: PMC92365 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.11.4673-4678.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous bacteria from poplar tree (Populus canadensis var. eugenei 'Imperial Carolina') and southern California shrub rhizospheres, as well as two tree-colonizing Rhizobium strains (ATCC 10320 and ATCC 35645), were engineered to express constitutively and stably toluene o-monooxygenase (TOM) from Burkholderia cepacia G4 by integrating the tom locus into the chromosome. The poplar and Rhizobium recombinant bacteria degraded trichloroethylene at a rate of 0.8 to 2.1 nmol/min/mg of protein and were competitive against the unengineered hosts in wheat and barley rhizospheres for 1 month (colonization occurred at a level of 1.0 x 10(5) to 23 x 10(5) CFU/cm of root). In addition, six of these recombinants colonized poplar roots stably and competitively with populations as large as 79% +/- 12% of all rhizosphere bacteria after 28 days (0.2 x 10(5) to 31 x 10(5) CFU/cm of root). Furthermore, five of the most competitive poplar recombinants (e.g., Pb3-1 and Pb5-1, which were identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain PsK recombinants) retained the ability to express TOM for 29 days as 100% +/- 0% of the recombinants detected in the poplar rhizosphere expressed TOM constitutively.
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Jordan TR, McCotter MV, Thomas SM. Visual and audiovisual speech perception with color and gray-scale facial images. PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS 2000; 62:1394-404. [PMID: 11143451 DOI: 10.3758/bf03212141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that auditory speech recognition is influenced by the appearance of a talker's face, but the actual nature of this visual information has yet to be established. Here, we report three experiments that investigated visual and audiovisual speech recognition using color, gray-scale, and point-light talking faces (which allowed comparison with the influence of isolated kinematic information). Auditory and visual forms of the syllables /ba/, /bi/, /ga/, /gi/, /va/, and /vi/ were used to produce auditory, visual, congruent, and incongruent audiovisual speech stimuli. Visual speech identification and visual influences on identifying the auditory components of congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech were identical for color and gray-scale faces and were much greater than for point-light faces. These results indicate that luminance, rather than color, underlies visual and audiovisual speech perception and that this information is more than the kinematic information provided by point-light faces. Implications for processing visual and audiovisual speech are discussed.
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Cheng Q, Thomas SM, Kostichka K, Valentine JR, Nagarajan V. Genetic analysis of a gene cluster for cyclohexanol oxidation in Acinetobacter sp. Strain SE19 by in vitro transposition. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:4744-51. [PMID: 10940013 PMCID: PMC111349 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.17.4744-4751.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological oxidation of cyclic alcohols normally results in formation of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, which are further metabolized and enter the central carbon metabolism in the cell. We isolated an Acinetobacter sp. from an industrial wastewater bioreactor that utilized cyclohexanol as a sole carbon source. A cosmid library was constructed from Acinetobacter sp. strain SE19, and oxidation of cyclohexanol to adipic acid was demonstrated in recombinant Escherichia coli carrying a SE19 DNA segment. A region that was essential for cyclohexanol oxidation was localized to a 14-kb fragment on the cosmid DNA. Several putative open reading frames (ORFs) that were expected to encode enzymes catalyzing the conversion of cyclohexanol to adipic acid were identified. Whereas one ORF showed high homology to cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp. strain NCIB 9871, most of the ORFs showed only moderate homology to proteins in GenBank. In order to assign functions of the various ORFs, in vitro transposon mutagenesis was performed using the cosmid DNA as a target. A set of transposon mutants with a single insertion in each of the ORFs was screened for cyclohexanol oxidation in E. coli. Several of the transposon mutants accumulated a variety of cyclohexanol oxidation intermediates. The in vitro transposon mutagenesis technique was shown to be a powerful tool for rapidly assigning gene functions to all ORFs in the pathway.
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Viali S, Hutchinson DO, Hawkins TE, Croxson MC, Thomas M, Allen JP, Thomas SM, Powell KH. Presentation of intravascular lymphomatosis as lumbosacral polyradiculopathy. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23:1295-300. [PMID: 10918273 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4598(200008)23:8<1295::aid-mus24>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 53-year-old man developed progressive sensory disturbance and weakness in the legs, sphincter disturbance, back pain, systemic symptoms, and pancytopenia. Electrophysiological tests indicated a widespread lumbosacral polyradiculopathy. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging and routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed minor nonspecific abnormalities. Bone marrow and liver biopsies showed hemophagocytosis; and polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid, bone marrow, and serum suggested active infection with human herpesvirus-6. Autopsy revealed that his neurological symptoms resulted from intravascular lymphomatosis (angiotropic large cell lymphoma), a rare variant of lymphoma with predilection for the nervous system.
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Brzostowicz PC, Gibson KL, Thomas SM, Blasko MS, Rouvière PE. Simultaneous identification of two cyclohexanone oxidation genes from an environmental Brevibacterium isolate using mRNA differential display. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:4241-8. [PMID: 10894733 PMCID: PMC101927 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.15.4241-4248.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique of mRNA differential display was used to identify simultaneously two metabolic genes involved in the degradation of cyclohexanone in a new halotolerant Brevibacterium environmental isolate. In a strategy based only on the knowledge that cyclohexanone oxidation was inducible in this strain, the mRNA population of cells exposed to cyclohexanone was compared to that of control cells using reverse transcription-PCR reactions primed with a collection of 81 arbitrary oligonucleotides. Three DNA fragments encoding segments of flavin monooxygenases were isolated with this technique, leading to the identification of the genes of two distinct cyclohexanone monooxygenases, the enzymes responsible for the oxidation of cyclohexanone. Each monooxygenase was expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. This work validates the application of mRNA differential display for the discovery of new microbial metabolic genes.
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