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Wang CJ, Lin YL, Lin JK. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of nitropyrrole compounds derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32:839-44. [PMID: 7927082 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(94)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
2-Acetylpyrrole (AP) is a product of model browning systems, and has been isolated as a major flavour component of many foods. Reaction of AP with nitrite produces two N-nitropyrrole compounds, 1-nitro-2-acetyl-pyrrole (NAP) and 1,3,5-trinitro-2-acetylpyrrole (TNAP), the chemical structures of which have been confirmed by spectral studies, including UV mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, infra-red and elemental analysis (EA). NAP and TNAP are moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence of a mammalian activation system and are markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. These results suggest that the formation of direct-acting mutagens of nitro-derivatives may take place in nitrite-containing food or in vivo by nitrosation following ingestion of AP.
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152
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Ho CL, Hwang LL, Lin YL, Chen CT, Yu HM, Wang KT. Cardiovascular effects of mastoparan B and its structural requirements. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 259:259-64. [PMID: 7982452 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mastoparan B is a cationic, amphiphilic tetradecaeptide (LKLKSIVSWAKKVL-CONH2) isolated from the venom of the hornet Vespa basalis. Intravenous injection of the peptide into rats caused a profound depression of blood pressure and cardiac function, which was inhibited by cyproheptadine, reserpine and multiple doses of compound 48/80, but not by diphenhydramine and cromolyn. Mastoparan from Paravespula lewisii showed little cardiovascular inhibitory activity. A synthetic mastoparan B analog in which lysine at position 2 was replaced by asparagine showed a marked decrease in the cardiovascular depressor effects, while replacing lysine at position 4, 11 or 12 with leucine did not cause a significant reduction in these effects. Replacing lysine at position 12 with leucine even caused a more sustained depressor effect. However, the analog in which lysines at positions 11 and 12 were replaced by leucine lost its cardiovascular inhibitory activity. Replacing tryptophan at position 9 with phenylalanine in mastoparan B did not affect its activity. It is concluded that mastoparan B is involved in the cardiovascular disturbances induced by the hornet venom. Lysine at position 2 is a critical residue for the cardiovascular effects of mastoparan B. A peptide molecule with two lysine residues, one located close to the amino terminus and the other near the carboxyl end of the peptide, appears to be the optimal structure for eliciting the cardiovascular depressor effects.
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153
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Selvakumar R, Borenstein LA, Lin YL, Ahmed R, Wettstein FO. T-cell response to cottontail rabbit papillomavirus structural proteins in infected rabbits. J Virol 1994; 68:4043-8. [PMID: 8189540 PMCID: PMC236914 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.6.4043-4048.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV)-induced papillomas progress at a high frequency to carcinomas and thus can serve as a model for high-cancer-risk human papillomavirus infection. Previously, we have shown that antibodies to nonstructural and structural proteins are detected in only a fraction of papilloma-bearing animals. However, the antibody response to structural proteins drastically increases as papillomas progress to carcinoma (Y.-L. Lin, L. A. Borenstein, R. Selvakumar, R. Ahmed, and F. O. Wettstein, J. Virol. 67:382-389, 1993). Here we have monitored the cellular immune response to viral proteins during the course of infection and particularly during progression from papilloma to carcinoma. This was done by measuring the in vitro proliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to CRPV structural proteins L1 and L2. The proliferating cells were identified as T cells by selective removal of B or T cells. In general, the T-cell response was low for rabbits at the papilloma stage and none responded to L2. Lymphocytes from animals with carcinomas more frequently and more strongly responded to L1, and more than half also responded to L2. In addition to stimulation of PBMCs, L1- and L2-specific proliferation could also be demonstrated with lymph node and spleen cells. Overall, our data show that progression of papilloma to carcinoma is associated with an increased T-cell response to CRPV structural proteins in addition to an increased humoral response. This greater immune reactivity, however, was not associated with a selectively increased expression of structural proteins, since RNA isolated from papillomas and carcinomas contained similar relative levels of late and early RNA as shown by dot blot analysis. Thus, the heightened immune reactivity seen in carcinoma-bearing rabbits most likely reflects greater stimulation of the immune system owing to dissemination of the tumor. These findings suggest that increased immune responses to papillomavirus proteins may be prognostic of progression to carcinoma and particularly of the development of metastases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus/genetics
- Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunity, Cellular
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Papillomavirus Infections/etiology
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Rabbits
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Virus Infections/etiology
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Viral Structural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Structural Proteins/immunology
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154
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Teng CM, Lin CH, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Huang TF. Antiplatelet and vasorelaxing actions of the acetoxy derivative of cedranediol isolated from Juniperus squamata. PLANTA MEDICA 1994; 60:209-213. [PMID: 8073084 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The antiplatelet and vasorelaxing actions of 14-acetoxycedrol, an acetyl derivative of the sesquiterpene 8,14-cedranediol isolated from Juniperus squamata Hayata, were investigated in washed rabbit platelets and rat aorta, respectively. 14-Acetoxycedrol inhibited the aggregation and ATP release of rabbit platelets induced by ADP, arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), collagen, and thrombin. Prolongation of the incubation time of 14-acetoxycedrol with platelets did not cause further inhibition and the aggregability of the treated platelets could be restored after washing of the platelets. It inhibited thromboxane B2 formation of washed platelets caused by arachidonic acid, collagen, and thrombin in a concentration-dependent manner. The formation of inositol phosphate caused by collagen and PAF was inhibited by 14-acetoxycedrol, while that caused by thrombin was not affected. 14-Acetoxycedrol markedly inhibited the intracellular calcium rise caused by PAF, and slightly inhibited that caused by thrombin in quin-2/AM-load platelets. In rat thoracic aortae, 14-acetoxycedrol inhibited the high K+ (60 mM) and Ca2+ (0.03-3 mM) induced cumulative contractions in a concentration-dependent manner, while it did not affect the phasic and tonic contractions elicited by norepinephrine. The tonic contractions elicited by KCl (60 mM) and Bay K 8644 were also relaxed by 14-acetoxycedrol. It is concluded that the antiplatelet effect of 14-acetoxycedrol is due to the inhibition of thromboxane formation and phosphoinositides breakdown and the vasorelaxing action of 14-acetoxycedrol is due to inhibition of Ca2+ influx through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel.
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155
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Lin YL, Nori F. Electronic structure of single- and multiple-shell carbon fullerenes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:5020-5023. [PMID: 10011437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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156
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Nori F, Lin YL. Analytical solution for the Fermi-sea energy of two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic field: Lattice path-integral approach and quantum interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:4131-4135. [PMID: 10011310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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157
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Lin CH, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Teng CM. Inhibition of platelet thromboxane formation and phosphoinositides breakdown by diisoeugenol. J Pharm Pharmacol 1994; 46:54-7. [PMID: 8201527 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diisoeugenol inhibited the platelet aggregation and ATP release of rabbit platelets caused by ADP, arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), collagen and thrombin. Prolongation of the incubation time of platelets with diisoeugenol did not cause further inhibition and the aggregability of platelets could not be restored after washing. In human platelet-rich plasma, diisoeugenol inhibited the biphasic aggregation and ATP release induced by adrenaline and ADP in a concentration-dependent manner. Thromboxane B2 formation caused by arachidonic acid, collagen and thrombin was markedly inhibited by diisoeugenol in a concentration-dependent manner. Diisoeugenol also inhibited the formation of inositol monophosphate caused by collagen, PAF and thrombin. The cAMP level of washed platelets was not changed by diisoeugenol. It is concluded that the antiplatelet effect of diisoeugenol is due to the inhibition of thromboxane formation and phosphoinositides breakdown.
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158
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Qian ZX, Zhang HG, Lin YL. [Effects of bromocriptine microinjection into VTA on the DOPAC level in nucleus accumbens]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1993; 45:479-85. [PMID: 8146671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was performed in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized male SD rats. In vivo differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to monitor a metabolite of dopamine-3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) level in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens following microinjection of bromocriptine (2.5 micrograms/0.5 microliters, n = 5) into left ventral tegmental area (VTA). The results indicated that after microinjection the amplitude of DOPAC peak increased gradually and reached to 128% and 143% compared to the control at the 50th and 80th min respectively (P < 0.01). The duration of the effect was about two hours. One hundred and eighty min after injection, the amplitude of DOPAC decreased to 111% of control (P > 0.05). SCH23390 (2 nmol/0.5 microliters, n = 4), a selective D1 antagonist was given into left VTA 40 min prior to microinjection of bromocriptine. In this group, the above-mentioned effect of bromocriptine was blocked, the amplitude of DOPAC peak showed no increase. The results suggest that the microinjection of bromocriptine into VTA induces an increase of activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons probably mediated by D1 receptor.
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159
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Ko FN, Chang YL, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Teng CM. Daphnoretin, a new protein kinase C activator isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey. Biochem J 1993; 295 ( Pt 1):321-7. [PMID: 8216237 PMCID: PMC1134857 DOI: 10.1042/bj2950321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Daphnoretin, a biologically active principle isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey., caused platelet aggregation in washed rabbit platelets, platelet-rich plasma and whole blood. The aggregation of and ATP release from platelets induced by daphnoretin were similar to phorbol ester- and diacylglycerol-induced aggregation and release. The EC50 values of daphnoretin-, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)- and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG)-induced platelet aggregation in washed rabbit platelets were 17.2 +/- 2.8 microM, 20.6 +/- 2.1 nM and 38.6 +/- 1.7 microM respectively. Platelet aggregation induced by daphnoretin and PDBu was not inhibited by indomethacin, BN52021 or sodium nitroprusside. ADP-scavenging systems, apyrase and phosphocreatine/creatine kinase, showed weak inhibition of the aggregation, and EGTA, triflavin, verapamil and prostaglandin E1 markedly inhibited the aggregation. Staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, suppressed daphnoretin-, PDBu- and OAG-induced aggregation and ATP release in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of staurosporine on daphnoretin (50 microM)-, PDBu (100 nM)- and OAG (50 microM)-induced aggregation were 37.7 +/- 8.3, 52.2 +/- 6.3 and 42.8 +/- 8.9 nM respectively. Daphnoretin did not cause significant thromboxane B2 formation in rabbit platelets. Neither daphnoretin nor PDBu caused [3H]inositol monophosphate formation or an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in myo-[3H]inositol-labelled and Fura-2-loaded platelets. Platelet cytosolic protein kinase C was activated by daphnoretin and PDBu in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 12.4 +/- 1.2 microM and 18.7 +/- 1.4 nM respectively. Membrane-associated protein kinase C activity was increased by either daphnoretin or PDBu. [3H]PDBu binding to washed rabbit platelets was inhibited by daphnoretin in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 45.2 +/- 5.2 microM. These results indicate that daphnoretin is a protein kinase C activator in rabbit platelets.
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160
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Pan IC, Huang TS, Pan CH, Chern SY, Lee SH, Lin YL, Huang BY, Lin CC, Li NJ, Lin JP. The skin, tongue, and brain as favorable organs for hog cholera diagnosis by immunofluorescence. Arch Virol 1993; 131:475-81. [PMID: 8347086 DOI: 10.1007/bf01378648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hog cholera virus antigens were found densely distributed in skin and tongue of pigs experimentally infected with hog cholera virus. The finding described here warrants the usage of ear biopsies for hog cholera diagnosis on a herd basis.
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161
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Lin YL, Borenstein LA, Ahmed R, Wettstein FO. Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus L1 protein-based vaccines: protection is achieved only with a full-length, nondenatured product. J Virol 1993; 67:4154-62. [PMID: 7685411 PMCID: PMC237784 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.7.4154-4162.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomas induced by the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) progress at a high frequency to carcinomas. In this regard, CRPV and its tumors can serve as an animal model for highly oncogenic human papillomaviruses. We have previously shown that immunization with major structural protein L1 elicits neutralizing antibodies and protects rabbits from papilloma development (Y.-L. Lin, L.A. Borenstein, R. Selvakumar, R. Ahmed, and F.O. Wettstein, Virology 187:612-619, 1992). In this study, we demonstrated that vaccination with the TrpE-L1 fusion protein not only protected rabbits from papilloma development but also prevented latent infection. This was indicated by the failure to amplify CRPV sequences by polymerase chain reaction in biopsies from infection sites of immunized animals. Furthermore, we showed that TrpE-L1 immunization protected rabbits from papilloma formation induced by virus but not from that induced by viral DNA. To explore the possibility of developing vaccines based on L1 subfragments, we mapped the linear L1 epitopes recognized by TrpE-L1-immunized rabbits and by virus-infected rabbits resistant to superinfection. Sera from papilloma-bearing rabbits reacted with one major epitope located at the carboxy-terminal end of L1, between amino acids (aa) 480 and 505. A second epitope, and in some animals a third one, was located in the amino-terminal region, between aa 78 and 101, as well as between aa 37 and 62. Sera from TrpE-L1-immunized animals recognized only one major epitope, located between aa 6 and 37. Immunization of rabbits with L1 subfragment fusion proteins led to seroconversion, but no neutralizing antibodies were produced and the animals were not protected against papilloma formation. The data indicate that a successful papillomavirus vaccine must be based on immunization with full-length native L1 and that further simplification to smaller peptides containing major linear epitopes is not feasible.
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162
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Chen J, Cheng HZ, Lin YL. [Uses of monomolecular lipid film for control of udo aphid (Toxoptera odinae (Van der Goot))]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1993; 18:84-5, 125. [PMID: 8323704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The biological character of udo aphid was observed and monomolecular lipid film was used to control it. The results showed that at 100 and 200 times the lipid film, the hatch rate of over-winter eggs was lower than the control by 30.76% and 12.15% respectively, and at 50, 100 and 200 times the lipid film the mortality of young nymph aphids was 100% and those of old nymph aphids and adult aphids were 8.31%, 32.62% and 3.31% respectively.
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163
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Lin YL, Borenstein LA, Selvakumar R, Ahmed R, Wettstein FO. Progression from papilloma to carcinoma is accompanied by changes in antibody response to papillomavirus proteins. J Virol 1993; 67:382-9. [PMID: 7677955 PMCID: PMC237374 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.1.382-389.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus induces benign tumors, papillomas, in rabbits which progress at a high frequency to malignant tumors, carcinomas. Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus therefore provides an experimental model for oncogenic human papillomaviruses. The nature of the antigens recognized by the host has not been identified at any stage of tumor development. Here, we characterized the humoral immune response to viral antigens in cottontail and domestic rabbits at the papilloma stage, in domestic rabbits at the carcinoma stage, and in animals in which papillomas had regressed. Antibodies to linear epitopes were identified by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with bacterial fusion proteins, and evidence for recognition of conformational epitopes was obtained by immunoprecipitation. An immune response to the early proteins E1, E2, E6, and E7 was detected only in a fraction of the animals, and all animals were negative for E4 and E5. The response to E6 and E7 peaked around 7 months and then decreased, while that to E1 and E2 remained level after an initial raise. The antibody response to structural proteins was low at the papilloma stage, and antibodies to L1 recognized predominantly conformational epitopes. As papillomas progressed to carcinomas, there was a drastic increase in the response to L1 and L2, suggesting a change in interaction between virus-infected host cells and the host's immune system.
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164
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Lin YL, Wang CT. Activation of human platelets by the rabbit anticardiolipin antibodies. Blood 1992; 80:3135-43. [PMID: 1467520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity purified anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA) raised in rabbits showed cross-reactivities with various negatively charged phospholipids as shown by both the solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inhibition studies. In ELISA, ACLA showed strong cross-reactivity to both sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but the inhibition studies showed that ACLA failed to bind the aqueous suspensions of SM, PE, and PE/PC (1:1). ACLA bound to resting gel-filtered human platelets (GFP) as shown by both inhibition study and flow cytofluorometric analysis. Western blotting procedure showed that ACLA strongly cross-reacted to an 80-Kd plasma membrane protein. ACLA activated platelet response in a concentration-dependent manner. At less than 10 micrograms/mL, ACLA induced both platelet shape change to spiculate irregular forms as shown by scanning electron microscopy and the phosphorylation of 20-Kd protein. ACLA at more than 10 micrograms/mL caused platelet aggregation and secretion. The aggregation was inhibited by EDTA; aspirin; antimycin A plus 2-deoxyglucose; PGE1; and the F(ab')2 fragment of ACLA. It was not inhibited by monoclonal antibody to Fc receptor (MoAb FcR2). The biochemical events of ACLA-induced platelet response involved the elevation of (1) thromboxane A2 formation, (2) cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i), and (3) 47-Kd protein phosphorylation. In addition, the subaggregatory concentration of ACLA showed synergistic platelet activation with that concentration of thrombin, collagen, and epinephrine. The study showed the mechanism involved in ACLA-induced platelet responses.
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165
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Feng XS, Zheng XJ, Si QS, Lin YL, Chang Y, Fan PF, Yu JL, Zhang SR, Liu XY. Antitumor effects of new-type recombinant interleukin-2. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1992; 13:435-8. [PMID: 1300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), 125-Ser-rIL-2, and 125-Ala-rIL-2, were generated by protein engineering technique. Both of them maintained the proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells, CTLL-2 cells and their long-term propagations. The mutated new rIL-2 also enhanced the bioactivity of NK cells and the cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) against the target tumor cells. The above results were all compared with that of the native rIL-2 and a similarity between them was found, which indicates that new type rIL-2 could be used for adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases.
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166
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Lin YL, Borenstein LA, Selvakumar R, Ahmed R, Wettstein FO. Effective vaccination against papilloma development by immunization with L1 or L2 structural protein of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. Virology 1992; 187:612-9. [PMID: 1312271 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunization of rabbits with either L1, the major structural protein, or L2, a minor structural protein of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV), protected against challenge with the virus. Neutralizing antibodies were elicited by both the L1 and L2 trpE fusion proteins. Neutralization with anti-L1 serum, however, was more efficient than with anti-L2 serum. In contrast, when tested on Western blots the immune response to L2 was stronger than to L1. Rabbits were also protected against CRPV infection by immunization with L1 expressing recombinant vaccinia virus. Sera from two of three rabbits immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus were negative on Western blots but all three were positive in ELISA's with nondenatured fusion protein or in immunoprecipitations. The results suggest that both the viral structural proteins, L1 and L2, merit consideration in the development of a vaccine against papillomavirus.
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167
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Meyers C, Harry J, Lin YL, Wettstein FO. Identification of three transforming proteins encoded by cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. J Virol 1992; 66:1655-64. [PMID: 1310771 PMCID: PMC240904 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.3.1655-1664.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) provides an animal model for human papillomaviruses associated with a high risk of cancer development. So far, nothing is known about the transforming functions of CRPV genes because of the lack of an assay system. We have recently developed two systems to assay for CRPV transforming functions. One is based on the finding that transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by CRPV is considerably increased by deleting sequences in open reading frame L2. The second one is based on the use of a cottontail rabbit skin epithelial cell line, sf1Ep (C. Meyers and F. O. Wettstein, Virology 181:637-646, 1991). Mutations were introduced which abolished expression of the full-length E6 protein (LE6), the short E6 protein (SE6) initiated at the second ATG of E6, the E7 protein, or the E5 protein. Mutations affecting LE6 or E7, but not SE6, reduced transformation of NIH 3T3 and sf1Ep cells. Transformed NIH 3T3 cell lines with mutations in LE6 and E7 did not grow in soft agar, while those with mutations in SE6 and E5 grew with a reduced efficiency. The cell lines with mutations in LE6, SE6, or E7 still did induce tumors in nude mice. These mutations, however, abolished the ability to induce papillomas in rabbits. When expressed individually with a retroviral vector, LE6, SE6, or E7, but not E5, conferred anchorage-independent growth. The level of viral protein expression in these cell lines was generally low, and a comparison of the abundance of virus-specific mRNA showed that cell lines contained 20 to 50 times less mRNA than a cottontail rabbit papilloma. These data demonstrate that CRPV encodes at least three transforming proteins.
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168
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Chastrette N, Cespuglio R, Lin YL, Jouvet M. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides and sleep in the rat. Part 2--Aminergic regulatory processes. Neuropeptides 1990; 15:75-88. [PMID: 1964203 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4179(90)90043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apomorphine (Apo), a D1/D2 Dopamine (DA) agonist, at high doses (500 micrograms/kg) induces a short-lasting insomnia, antagonized by a secondary injection of corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP, 10 ng); these effects are also observed with hypophysectomized (hypoX) rats. The administration of the serotonin (5-HT) agonist 8-hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino-tetralin (8-OHDPAT, 0.3 mg/kg) induces also an insomnia which, unlike Apo, is followed by a significant PS rebound. CLIP, again, antagonizes the 8-OHDPAT-induced insomnia. Finally, Bromocriptine (5 mg/kg), an agonist for both DA and 5-HT, induces first an insomnia (antagonized by CLIP), followed by a PS rebound; these effects persist in hypoX rats.
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169
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Lin YL, Yen CM, Chen ER. [Immunological screening of clonorchiasis]. J Formos Med Assoc 1990; 89:49-54. [PMID: 1973711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Crude antigens of Clonorchis sinensis adult worms were purified by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. A purified antigen was then applied to detect clonorchiasis patients and parasite-free subjects by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an intradermal test (IDT). The results of the ELISA showed that specific antibody levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and total IgE in 371 infected patients were significantly higher than those of 181 parasite-free subjects (Student's t-test, p less than 10(-6) or p less than 0.005). The sensitivity was 92.8% and the specificity was 89.0%. Significant correlations between the intensity of infection, expressed as egg per gram feces, and specific IgG, IgA and total IgE concentration were observed (linear regression, p less than 0.0005). Among the 309 subjects tested intradermally with Clonorchis antigen, 128 showed a positive reaction while all of the 60 parasite-free subjects showed negative results. By this test, the sensitivity was 49% and the specificity of IDT was 100%. The specific IgG, IgA and total IgE antibody levels of the IDT positive patients were significantly higher than those of the negative subjects (Student's t-test, p less than 0.0005). There was no correlation between the induced swelling diameter and the intensity of infection in IDT positive clonorchiasis patients. Cross reactions in ELISA were observed in patients infected with Capillaria philippinensis, Sparganum proliferum and Toxocara canis, when the antigens prepared in the present study were used.
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170
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Lin YL, Tai MY, Tsai YF. Influence of long-term continuous illumination on the nuclear volume of hypothalamic neurons in female rats. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE COUNCIL, REPUBLIC OF CHINA. PART B, LIFE SCIENCES 1990; 14:10-4. [PMID: 2381995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A light microscopic quantitative analysis was performed for studying the effects of long-term exposure to continuous illumination on hypothalamic morphology in female rats. Nuclear volumes of neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and preoptic area were measured in 16-18 month-old Long-Evans female rats which had been exposed to continuous light for 11 months. Significant nuclear volume shrinkage could be observed in all investigated regions except for the preoptic area in these animals when compared to that of control rats kept under a photoperiod of 14h light and 10h dark. The relationship between morphological changes of hypothalamic neurons and the marked alteration of melatonin and estrogen levels induced by long-term exposure to continuous light is discussed.
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171
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Liu CH, Chu RM, Weng CN, Lin YL, Chi CS. An acute pleuropneumonia in a pig caused by Chromobacterium violaceum. J Comp Pathol 1989; 100:459-63. [PMID: 2760278 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(89)90013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A 2.5-month-old, 30 kg Duroc pig died 10 days after showing clinical signs of dyspnoea and diarrhoea. Acute necrotizing and fibrinous pleuropneumonia with locally extensive lesions was found. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from pneumonic lung tissues and intratracheal inoculation of a pure culture into two SPF pigs reproduced lesions similar to those found in the natural infection.
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172
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Herre JM, Wetstein L, Lin YL, Mills AS, Dae M, Thames MD. Effect of transmural versus nontransmural myocardial infarction on inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias during sympathetic stimulation in dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:414-21. [PMID: 3339182 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transmural myocardial infarction interrupts sympathetic nerves and denervates viable muscle distal to myocardial infarction. The effect of sympathetic stimulation on responses to programmed ventricular stimulation was studied in dogs without myocardial infarction (Group I: n = 5), with transmural anterior wall myocardial infarction (Group II: n = 6) and with nontransmural anterior wall myocardial infarction (Group III: n = 9). Ventricular effective refractory period during sympathetic stimulation decreased by 16 +/- 18, 1 +/- 2 and 12 +/- 8 ms (mean +/- SD) in viable muscle of the inferoapical left ventricle in Groups I, II and III, respectively, suggesting efferent sympathetic denervation by transmural myocardial infarction only. Sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation was induced more easily during sympathetic stimulation in six of the six dogs with transmural infarction, but in only two of the nine dogs with nontransmural infarction (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the partial sympathetic denervation produced by transmural myocardial infarction enhances the ease of induction of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation during sympathetic stimulation. A similar mechanism may lead to increased risk for lethal arrhythmias during periods of high sympathetic tone in patients with transmural myocardial infarction.
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173
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Ma CJ, Chen YC, Chen SF, Huo PD, Luo AX, Zhou YL, Lin YL. Effects of diagnostic ultrasound on sister chromatid exchange frequencies of the amniotic fluid cells of the pregnant women. JINRUI IDENGAKU ZASSHI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 1987; 32:329-33. [PMID: 3331397 DOI: 10.1007/bf01910289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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174
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Lin YL. Aurantiamide from the Aerial Parts of Scutellaria rivularis. PLANTA MEDICA 1987; 53:507-8. [PMID: 17269089 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-962795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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175
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Cheng PY, Xu MJ, Lin YL, Shi JC, Xu GY. [Structure of rabdophyllin H]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1986; 21:109-12. [PMID: 3751589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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176
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Hou JC, Lin YL. [Rocket immunoelectrophoresis of C3 and C3d: a simple sensitive method for detecting complement activation in plasma]. ZHONGGUO YI XUE KE XUE YUAN XUE BAO. ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE SINICAE 1986; 8:58-63. [PMID: 2943446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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177
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Lin YL, Blaschek HP. Transformation of Heat-Treated
Clostridium acetobutylicum
Protoplasts with pUB110 Plasmid DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 48:737-42. [PMID: 16346641 PMCID: PMC241604 DOI: 10.1128/aem.48.4.737-742.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat treatment of
Clostridium acetobutylicum
SA-1 protoplasts at 55°C for 15 min before transformation resulted in expression in this microorganism of the kanamycin resistance determinant associated with plasmid pUB110. No heat treatment, or heat treatment at 65 or 44°C for various time intervals, resulted in no kanamycin resistance transformants being recovered on selective kanamycin-containing regeneration medium. DNase plate assay indicated that treatment at 55°C for 15 min completely inactivated the DNase activity associated with SA-1 protoplasts. Treatment of protoplasts at 65 or 55°C for various periods under simulated transformation conditions had an inhibitory effect, although prolonged treatment at 55 or 44°C appeared to stimulate DNase activity. Inactivation of protoplast-associated DNase activity by heat treatment at 55°C for 15 min correlated with successful expression of kanamycin resistance and suggests that an extremely active, heatsensitive, protoplast-associated DNase may be a factor in the polyethylene glycol-induced transformation of
C. acetobutylicum
SA-1 protoplasts. Plasmid pUB110 DNA was isolated from
C. acetobutylicum
SA-1 kanamycin-resistant (Km
r
) transformant cultures by a modification of the procedure used for
C. perfringens
plasmids. Detection of pUB110 DNA was possible only when diethyl pyrocarbonate was incorporated into isolation protocols to inactivate DNase activity. Restriction studies further verified the presence of pUB110 DNA in
C. acetobutylicum
SA-1 Km
r
transformants.
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178
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Cheng PY, Lin YL, Xu GY. [New diterpenoids of Rabdosia macrocalyx: the structure of macrocalin A and macrocalin B]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1984; 19:593-8. [PMID: 6549528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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179
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Cheng KK, Chao ZC, Lai ST, Yu TJ, Lin YL, Kuo SM, Yang CF, Chang T. [Experience in management of the subclavian steal syndrome]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1984; 83:477-90. [PMID: 6236278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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180
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Lin YL. [T-cell growth factor and clonization of type A influenza virus cytotoxic T-cell]. SHENG LI KE XUE JIN ZHAN [PROGRESS IN PHYSIOLOGY] 1984; 15:126-30. [PMID: 6333724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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181
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Cheng KK, Leong KH, Yu TJ, Lay ST, Lin YL, Kuo SM, Chiang BN, Laura Meng CC, Wang B. [Ventricular septal defect with aortic incompetence]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1983; 82:1288-92. [PMID: 6585475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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182
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Yu TJ, Cheng KK, Leong KH, Lin YL, Lai ST, Kuo SM. [Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection by using an auto-suture device (Takasago F-3000) in management of bleeding esophageal varices]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1983; 82:536-45. [PMID: 6355379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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183
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Cheng PY, Xu MJ, Lin YL, Shi JC. [The structure of rabdophyllin G, an antitumor constituent of Rabdosia macrophylla (II)]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1982; 17:917-21. [PMID: 7183124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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184
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Sasaki R, Lin YL, Takaku F. [Sialyltransferase activity in differentiation and malignant transformation of lymphocytes]. NIHON KETSUEKI GAKKAI ZASSHI : JOURNAL OF JAPAN HAEMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1982; 45:1048-54. [PMID: 6961724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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185
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Hackett CJ, Sullivan K, Lin YL. Ultrastructure of an influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone and its interaction with P815 and macrophage targets. Cell Immunol 1982; 68:276-86. [PMID: 6980057 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(82)90112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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186
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Lin YL, Sasaki R, Aoki T, Takaku F, Kasahara T, Liu CF. [Sialytransferase activity of normal human hemopoietic cells and leukemic cells]. [RINSHO KETSUEKI] THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 1982; 23:459-63. [PMID: 7131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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187
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Sasaki R, Takaku F, Lin YL, Bollum FJ. Sialyltransferase activity as a marker for the differentiation of lymphocytes. Increase in sialyltransferase activity of blasts from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cases by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 47:381-8. [PMID: 6951664 PMCID: PMC1536547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of sialyltransferase activity in leukaemic blasts from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases was significantly lower (3.29 +/- 2.09 pmoles/5 X 10(7) cells or 1.77 +/- 1.16 pmoles/mg protein) than those (18.80 +/- 4.91 pmoles/5 X 10(7) cells or 7.72 +/- 1.75 pmoles/mg protein) of mature lymphocytes from normal volunteers (T less than 0.001). An inverse relationship between the level of sialyltransferase activity and the level of terminal transferase (TdT)activity was seen in blasts from eight TdT-positive ALL cases. No significant difference was observed in the level of sialyltransferase activity between ALL and cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. Short Term culture of ALL blast cells with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at the concentration of 10-(6)M to 10-(9)M caused a marked increase in sialyltransferase activity. In one of these three ALL cases the population of TdT-positive cells and the TdT activity of the blasts decreased significantly after culture with TPA. These results suggest that biochemical differentiation of leukaemic lymphoblasts has been induced by the addition of TPA, although morphological changes were not observed. Sialyltransferase activity may be a useful indicator for the analysis of differentiation of lymphocytes.
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188
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Morris AG, Lin YL, Askonas BA. Immune interferon release when a cloned cytotoxic T-cell line meets its correct influenza-infected target cell. Nature 1982; 295:150-2. [PMID: 6173757 DOI: 10.1038/295150a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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189
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Cheng PY, Xu MJ, Lin YL, Shi JC. [The antitumor constituents of Rabdosia amethystoides]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1982; 17:33-7. [PMID: 7170966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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190
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Abstract
Sialyltransferase activity in blasts from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was markedly lower (1.68 +/- 1.23 pmol/mg protein) than those (6.18 +/- 2.22 pmol/mg protein) of lymphocytes from normal volunteers (t less than 0.001). On the contrary, enzyme activity was significantly increased in blasts (1.21 +/- 0.38 pmol/mg protein) from acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, compared to the level (0.53 +/- 0.32 pmol/mg protein) of mature granulocytes (t less than 0.001). In TdT-negative CML in blast crisis, sialytransferase activity (2.11 +/- 0.88 pmol/mg protein) was significantly higher than those of mature granulocytes (t less than 0.001), whereas no significant difference in the enzyme activity was noted between the blasts from TdT-positive CML in blast crisis and from ALL. In TdT-positive ALL cases, there was an inverse relationship (r = -0.85, t less than 0.01) between sialytransferase activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity of the blasts. Therefore, sialytransferase in leukocytes may be a unique enzyme in which changes in activity relate to the differentiation or malignant transformation of leukocytes.
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191
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Askonas BA, Lin YL. An influenza specific T-killer clone is restricted to H-2Ld and cross-reacts with Dk region. Immunogenetics 1982; 16:83-7. [PMID: 6981600 DOI: 10.1007/bf00364444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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192
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Cheng PY, Xu MJ, Lin YL, Shi JC. [The antitumor constituents of Rabdosia macrophylla (author's transl)]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1981; 16:796-7. [PMID: 7336943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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193
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Lin YL, Askonas BA. Biological properties of an influenza A virus-specific killer T cell clone. Inhibition of virus replication in vivo and induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. J Exp Med 1981; 154:225-34. [PMID: 6267157 PMCID: PMC2186413 DOI: 10.1084/jem.154.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested two biological properties of a continuously growing mouse cytotoxic T cell line, L4, which is specific for influenza A virus and has been cloned and recloned many times. We previously reported that L4 cells are H-2 restricted and cross-reactive for all type A influenza viruses, whereas they do not recognize type B influenza viruses. They bear Thy-1 and Lyt-2 markers. In the present study, we show that L4 cytotoxic T cells protect mice against a lethal influenza infection on transfer to syngeneic recipients, and reduce virus titers in the lungs of mice challenged with a heterologous type A influenza virus. This provides further support for the active role of cytotoxic T cells in limiting virus replication in influenza infection. We could also demonstrate that the cloned cytotoxic T cells induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction in the footpads of mice challenged with live or inactivated influenza virus. This reaction can be observed at 24 h, but has declined by 48 h. A clone of cells derived from L4 that has lost its cytotoxic potential and its ability to recognize infected cells did not induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the presence of virus. Thus, cytotoxic T cells actively killing influenza virus-infected cells are able to induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction to homologous and heterologous type A influenza viruses.
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194
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Echeverria P, Lin YL, Lee CH, Verhaert L, Ewing R. Search for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the environment in Taipei, Taiwan. ZHONGHUA MINGUO WEI SHENG WU XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1978; 11:138-40. [PMID: 387347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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195
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Lin YL, Smith CH, Dietzler DN. Stabilization of blood glucose by cooling with ice: an effective procedure for preservation of samples from adults and newborns. Clin Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/22.12.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glycolysis causes a considerable decrease in blood glucose when whole blood is kept at room temperature without preservative. The most commonly used preservative, NaF, makes analysis of other serum constituents such as sodium and calcium and urea difficult or impossible, an especially serious limitation when sample size must be restricted. In samples at room temperature without preservative, plasma glucose decreased 36 mg/liter per hour in blood from adults and 60 mg/liter per hour in blood from newborns. Cooling on ice slowed these rates to 3.9 and 11, respectively. Plasma potassium increased 0.3 mmol/liter per hour in cooled specimens from both adults and newborns. Sodium, calcium, chloride and urea values were unaffected. We conclude that cooling effectively stabilizes plasma glucose for 4 h in samples from both adults and newborns and that potassium may be measured with negligible change for as long as 1 h and other constituents for the entire period.
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196
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Lin YL, Smith CH, Dietzler DN. Stabilization of blood glucose by cooling with ice: an effective procedure for preservation of samples from adults and newborns. Clin Chem 1976; 22:2031-3. [PMID: 1000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis causes a considerable decrease in blood glucose when whole blood is kept at room temperature without preservative. The most commonly used preservative, NaF, makes analysis of other serum constituents such as sodium and calcium and urea difficult or impossible, an especially serious limitation when sample size must be restricted. In samples at room temperature without preservative, plasma glucose decreased 36 mg/liter per hour in blood from adults and 60 mg/liter per hour in blood from newborns. Cooling on ice slowed these rates to 3.9 and 11, respectively. Plasma potassium increased 0.3 mmol/liter per hour in cooled specimens from both adults and newborns. Sodium, calcium, chloride and urea values were unaffected. We conclude that cooling effectively stabilizes plasma glucose for 4 h in samples from both adults and newborns and that potassium may be measured with negligible change for as long as 1 h and other constituents for the entire period.
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