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Sakyi KS, Surkan PJ, Fombonne E, Chollet, Melchior M. Childhood friendships and psychological difficulties in young adulthood: an 18-year follow-up study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:815-26. [PMID: 25316094 PMCID: PMC4398590 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Childhood friendships have been shown to impact mental health over the short term; however, it is unclear whether these effects are sustained into young adulthood. We studied the prospective association between childhood friendships and psychological difficulties in young adulthood. Data come from 1,103 French 22-35 year olds participating in the TEMPO study. Childhood friendships were ascertained in 1991 when participants were 4-16 years old. Psychological difficulties were measured in 2009 using the Adult Self-Report. Logistic regression models controlled for participants' age, sex, childhood psychological difficulties and parental characteristics. Young adults who had no childhood friends had higher odds of psychological difficulties than those with at least one friend: (adjusted ORs 2.45; 95% CI 1.32-4.66, p = 0.01 for high internalizing symptoms; 1.81; 95% CI 0.94-3.54, p = 0.08 for high externalizing symptoms). Social relations early in life may have consequences for adult psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame S. Sakyi
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Dept. of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe, Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA; and ; phone: 410-502-7396, fax: 410-502-6733
| | - Pamela J. Surkan
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Dept. of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe, Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA; and ; phone: 410-502-7396, fax: 410-502-6733
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chollet
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Univ Versailles St-Quentin, F-78035, Versailles, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Univ Versailles St-Quentin, F-78035, Versailles, France
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202
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van der Waerden J, Galéra C, Larroque B, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Sutter-Dallay AL, Melchior M. Maternal Depression Trajectories and Children's Behavior at Age 5 Years. J Pediatr 2015; 166:1440-8.e1. [PMID: 25866387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between trajectories of maternal depression from pregnancy to the child's age of 5 years and children's emotional and behavioral difficulties at age 5 years. STUDY DESIGN Mother-child pairs (n = 1183) from the EDEN mother-child birth cohort study based in France were followed from 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday. Children's behavior at age 5 years was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Maternal depression was assessed repeatedly with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression questionnaire (pregnancy, 3, and 5 years of age) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (4, 8, and 12 months postpartum). Homogeneous latent trajectory groups of maternal depression were identified within the study population and correlated with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores by the use of multivariate linear regression analyzes. RESULTS Five trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression were identified: no symptoms (62.0%); persistent intermediate-level depressive symptoms (25.3%); persistent high depressive symptoms (4.6%); high symptoms in pregnancy only (3.6%); and high symptoms in the child's preschool period only (4.6%). Children whose mothers had persistent depressive symptoms--either intermediate or high--had the greatest levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties at age 5 years. In addition, compared with children whose mothers were never depressed, those whose mothers had high symptoms in the preschool period also had increased levels of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and peer problems. CONCLUSIONS Maternal depression symptoms are related to children's emotional and behavioral problems, particularly if they are persistent (29.9%) or occur during early childhood (4.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith van der Waerden
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France.
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U897, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrice Larroque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 953, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Saurel-Cubizolles
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 953, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U657, Bordeaux, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
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203
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Younes N, Chollet A, Menard E, Melchior M. E-mental health care among young adults and help-seeking behaviors: a transversal study in a community sample. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e123. [PMID: 25979680 PMCID: PMC4468604 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Internet is widely used by young people and could serve to improve insufficient access to mental health care. Previous information on this topic comes from selected samples (students or self-selected individuals) and is incomplete. Objective In a community sample of young adults, we aimed to describe frequency of e-mental health care study-associated factors and to determine if e-mental health care was associated with the use of conventional services for mental health care. Methods Using data from the 2011 wave of the TEMPO cohort study of French young adults (N=1214, aged 18-37 years), we examined e-mental health care and associated factors following Andersen’s behavioral model: predisposing factors (age, sex, educational attainment, professional activity, living with a partner, children, childhood negative events, chronic somatic disease, parental history of depression), enabling factors (social support, financial difficulties, parents’ income), and needs-related factors (lifetime major depression or anxiety disorders, suicidal ideation, ADHD, cannabis use). We compared traditional service use (seeking help from a general practitioner, a psychiatrist, a psychologist; antidepressant or anxiolytics/hypnotics use) between participants who used e-mental health care versus those who did not. Results Overall, 8.65% (105/1214) of participants reported seeking e-mental health care in case of psychological difficulties in the preceding 12 months and 15.7% (104/664) reported psychological difficulties. Controlling for all covariates, the likelihood of e-mental health care was positively associated with 2 needs-related factors, lifetime major depression or anxiety disorder (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.36-4.09) and lifetime suicidal ideation (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.40-2.60), and negatively associated with a predisposing factor: childhood life events (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.93). E-mental health care did not hinder traditional care, but was associated with face-to-face psychotherapy (66.2%, 51/77 vs 52.4%, 186/355, P=.03). Conclusions E-mental health care represents an important form of help-seeking behavior for young adults. Professionals and policy makers should take note of this and aim to improve the quality of online information on mental health care and to use this fact in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Younes
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.
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204
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Foulon S, Pingault JB, Larroque B, Melchior M, Falissard B, Côté SM. Developmental predictors of inattention-hyperactivity from pregnancy to early childhood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125996. [PMID: 25938453 PMCID: PMC4418828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to characterize the developmental sequence of pre- and postnatal risk factors for inattention-hyperactivity symptoms in preschoolers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Longitudinal data came from a French population based birth cohort study (EDEN; N = 1311 mother-child pairs followed from the pregnancy onwards). Inattention-hyperactivity symptoms were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when participating children were 3 years of age. Potential risk factors were classified in four domains (fetal exposures and child somatic characteristics, child temperament, child neurodevelopmental status, psychosocial environment) and four periods (before pregnancy, prenatal/birth, infancy, toddlerhood). Their role as potential moderator or mediator was tested with path analysis to determine the developmental sequence. RESULTS A low family socioeconomic status before pregnancy was the main environmental risk factor for inattention-hyperactivity symptoms at 3 years, and its effect occurred via two pathways. The first was a risk pathway, where lower SES was associated with higher maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy; then to higher maternal and child distress and dysregulation in infancy; and in turn to higher levels of inattention-hyperactivity at 3 years. The second was a protective pathway, where higher SES was associated with longer duration of breastfeeding during infancy; then to better child neurodevelopmental status in toddlerhood; and in turn to lower levels of inattention-hyperactivity at 3 years. DISCUSSION This study identified psychosocial factors at several developmental periods that represent potential targets for preventing the emergence of inattention-hyperactivity symptoms in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Foulon
- INSERM U669, University Paris-Descartes and Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Béatrice Larroque
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
- INSERM UMR S953, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- INSERM U669, University Paris-Descartes and Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- INSERM U669, University Paris-Descartes and Paris-Sud, Paris, France
- International Laboratory on Child and Adolescent Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Tomsk state University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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205
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Melchior M, Hersi R, van der Waerden J, Larroque B, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Chollet A, Galéra C. Maternal tobacco smoking in pregnancy and children's socio-emotional development at age 5: The EDEN mother-child birth cohort study. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:562-8. [PMID: 25843027 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is debate as to whether maternal tobacco use in pregnancy is related to offspring behaviour later on. We tested this association examining multiple aspects of children's behaviour at age 5 and accounting for parental smoking outside of pregnancy, as well as child and family characteristics. METHODS Data come from a prospective community based birth cohort study (EDEN; n=1113 families in France followed since pregnancy in 2003-2005 until the child's 5th birthday). Maternal tobacco use in pregnancy was self-reported. Children's socio-emotional development (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour) was assessed by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 5 years. Logistic regression analyses controlled for Inverse Probability Weights (IPW) of maternal tobacco use calculated based on study center, children's characteristics (sex, premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding), maternal characteristics (age at the child's birth, psychological difficulties and alcohol use in pregnancy, post-pregnancy depression, and smoking), paternal smoking in and post-pregnancy, parental educational attainment, family income, parental separation, and maternal negative life events. RESULTS Maternal smoking in pregnancy only predicted children's high symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (sex and study center-adjusted ORs: maternal smoking in the 1st trimester: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.13-3.38; maternal smoking throughout pregnancy: OR=2.11, 95%CI: 1.36-3.27). In IPW-controlled regression models, only children of mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy had significantly elevated levels of hyperactivity/inattention (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.21-4.00). CONCLUSIONS Maternal tobacco smoking in pregnancy may contribute directly or through epigenetic mechanisms to children's symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Melchior
- INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre-Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, 75013 Paris, France; UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Paris 06, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - R Hersi
- INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre-Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, 75013 Paris, France; UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Paris 06, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J van der Waerden
- INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre-Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, 75013 Paris, France; UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Paris 06, 75013 Paris, France
| | - B Larroque
- INSERM, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U1153), Paris-Descartes University, 75020 Paris, France; UMR-S 953, UPMC - Université Paris 06, 75020 Paris, France
| | - M-J Saurel-Cubizolles
- INSERM, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U1153), Paris-Descartes University, 75020 Paris, France; UMR-S 953, UPMC - Université Paris 06, 75020 Paris, France
| | - A Chollet
- INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre-Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, 75013 Paris, France; UMR-S 1136, Department of Social Epidemiology, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Paris 06, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Galéra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles-Perrens Hospital, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U897, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, prévention et prise en charge des traumatismes, Bordeaux, France
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206
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Azevedo Da Silva M, Lemogne C, Melchior M, Zins M, Van Der Waerden J, Consoli SM, Goldberg M, Elbaz A, Singh-Manoux A, Nabi H. Excess non-psychiatric hospitalizations among employees with mental disorders: a 10-year prospective study of the GAZEL cohort. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:307-17. [PMID: 25289581 PMCID: PMC4402031 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether non-psychiatric hospitalizations rates were higher in those with mental disorders. METHOD In a cohort of 15,811 employees, aged 35-50 years in 1989, mental disorder status was defined from 1989 to 2000. Hospitalizations for all-causes, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer, were recorded yearly from 2001 to 2011. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate hospitalization rates over the follow-up. RESULTS After controlling for baseline sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, self-rated health, and self-reported medical conditions, participants with a mental disorder had significantly higher rates of all-cause hospitalization [incidence rate ratio, IRR=1.20 (95%, 1.14-1.26)], as well as hospitalization due to MI [IRR=1.44 (95%, 1.12-1.85)]. For stroke, the IRR did not reach statistical significance [IRR=1.37 (95%, 0.95-1.99)] and there was no association with cancer [IRR=1.01 (95%, 0.86-1.19)]. A similar trend was observed when mental disorders groups were considered (no mental disorder, depressive disorder, mental disorders due to psychoactive substance use, other mental disorders, mixed mental disorders, and severe mental disorder). CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort of employees with stable employment as well as universal access to healthcare, we found participants with mental disorders to have higher rates of non-psychiatric hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azevedo Da Silva
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France
| | - C Lemogne
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris DescartesParis, France,Service universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris OuestParis, France,Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894Paris, France
| | - M Melchior
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France
| | - M Zins
- Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France,Cohortes épidémiologiques en population, Unité Mixte de Service 011 INSERM-UNSQVillejuif, France
| | - J Van Der Waerden
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France
| | - S M Consoli
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris DescartesParis, France,Service universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris OuestParis, France
| | - M Goldberg
- Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France,Cohortes épidémiologiques en population, Unité Mixte de Service 011 INSERM-UNSQVillejuif, France
| | - A Elbaz
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France
| | - A Singh-Manoux
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France,Centre de Gérontologie, Hôpital Ste Périne, AP-HPParis, France,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - H Nabi
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles St QuentinVillejuif, France
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207
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Dalglish SL, Melchior M, Younes N, Surkan PJ. Work characteristics and suicidal ideation in young adults in France. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:613-20. [PMID: 25308058 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Job insecurity, unemployment, and job strain can predict psychological distress and suicide risk. Young people, who are particularly at risk of suicide, may be especially vulnerable to the deterioration of labor market conditions as a result of the current economic crisis in Europe. We aimed to examine the effects of work and employment characteristics on suicidal ideation in a contemporary sample of young adults. METHODS Using data from a sample of French young adults surveyed in 2011 (TEMPO study, N = 1,214, 18-37 years old) and their parents who took part in a longitudinal cohort study, we used multiple logistic regression to examine the relationship between job insecurity, lifetime and recent unemployment and suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. Our analyses were adjusted for factors associated with suicidal risk including age, sex, educational attainment, living with a partner, insufficient social support, alcohol abuse, depression and parental history of depression. RESULTS Five percent of the sample reported suicidal ideation in the preceding 12 months. Controlling for all covariates, the likelihood of suicidal ideation was associated with job insecurity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.08-4.63), lifetime unemployment (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.17-4.29), and recent unemployment (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.04-4.25). After stratifying by educational attainment, the association between suicidal ideation and job insecurity was particularly notable for participants with low educational attainment (OR 9.28, 95% CI 1.19-72.33). CONCLUSION Young adults who have unstable and unfavorable employment characteristics are disproportionately likely to be suicidal, which should be monitored, particularly in times of economic downturn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Dalglish
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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208
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Bowes L, Chollet A, Fombonne E, Melchior M. Psychological, social and familial factors associated with tobacco cessation among young adults. Eur Addict Res 2015; 21:153-159. [PMID: 25832118 DOI: 10.1159/000367691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The younger individuals quit smoking, the greater the health benefits. We studied the role of adolescent and concurrent psychological, social and familial factors in successful tobacco cessation in a general population sample of French young adults. METHODS Our data came from participants of the TEMPO cohort study and their parents (members of the GAZEL cohort study) in France. Among regular smokers (n = 678), Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios of self-reported tobacco cessation of at least 12 months in relation to individual and socioenvironmental variables. RESULTS On average, participants (mean: 28.9 years) smoked for 10.51 years (SD = 5.9); the majority had attempted to quit smoking at least once (59.5%). In multiple regression analyses, cannabis use in the preceding year and recent financial difficulties were both negatively associated with successful smoking cessation. Conversely, living with a partner and, for women only, recent pregnancy or childbirth were associated with an increased likelihood of tobacco cessation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of young adults' cannabis use, family situation and socioeconomic context with regard to their smoking behavior. Physicians and public health decision makers aiming to decrease the burden of tobacco smoking should take into consideration these social and behavioral factors.
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209
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Lemogne C, Schuster JP, Levenstein S, Melchior M, Nabi H, Ducimetière P, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Zins M, Consoli SM. Hostility and the risk of peptic ulcer in the GAZEL cohort. Health Psychol 2015; 34:181-5. [DOI: 10.1037/hea0000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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210
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Younes N, Melchior M, Turbelin C, Blanchon T, Hanslik T, Chee CC. Attempted and completed suicide in primary care: not what we expected? J Affect Disord 2015; 170:150-4. [PMID: 25240842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General Practitioners (GPs) play a central role in suicide prevention. This study aims to compare the characteristics of individuals who attempt suicide to those who complete suicide in a same primary care setting. METHODS We compared the characteristics and GP's management of all patients with attempted (N=498, SA) or completed suicide (N=141, SC) reported to the GPs'French Sentinelles surveillance system (2009-2013). RESULTS Compared to patients who attempted suicide, those who completed suicide were more likely to be male, older and to have used a more lethal method; for men they were less likely to have a history of previous suicide attempt and prior contacts with their GP. In terms of GPs' management, we found no differences between the SA and SC groups in the identification of psychological difficulties and in the care, but GPs were more likely to provide psychological support to the SA group. During the last consultation, the SC group expressed suicidal ideas more frequently than the SA group (26.7% vs. 14.8%, p<0.01), only for women. LIMITATIONS The network may have missed cases and selected more serious SA. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who commit suicide differ from those who attempt suicide in terms of demographic characteristics and by sex, of history of suicide attempt, previous contact and expressed suicidal ideas. We show that GPs do not act more intensively with patients who will commit suicide, as if they do not foresee them. Current prevention programs particularly in primary care should be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Younes
- EA 40-47 Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, F-78047 Guyancourt, France; Academic Unit of Psychiatry, Versailles Hospital, 177 Rue de Versailles, F-78157 Le Chesnay, France.
| | - M Melchior
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute for Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louise Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Turbelin
- INSERM, U707, F-75012, Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S U707, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - T Blanchon
- INSERM, U707, F-75012, Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S U707, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - T Hanslik
- INSERM, U707, F-75012, Paris, France; UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S U707, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - C Chan Chee
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint Maurice, France
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211
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Melchior M, Chollet A, Elidemir G, Galéra C, Younès N. Unemployment and substance use in young adults: does educational attainment modify the association? Eur Addict Res 2015; 21:115-23. [PMID: 25472491 DOI: 10.1159/000365887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether patterns of substance use in relation to unemployment vary depending on educational level. Data come from 1,126 community-based young adults in France (18-35 years of age in 2011) and their parents (TEMPO and GAZEL studies). Tobacco use (≥1 cigarette/day, 22.5% prevalence), nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥2, 7.1% prevalence), alcohol use (≥2 units/week, 25.3% prevalence), alcohol abuse (WHO AUDIT ≥7 in women and ≥8 in men, 10.8% prevalence), cannabis use (≥1 time, 16.5% prevalence), and cannabis abuse (CAST ≥2, 5.0% prevalence) were assessed by interview. We conducted logistic regression analyses controlled for inverse probability weights of unemployment, calculated based on demographics, negative life events, health, and juvenile and parental characteristics. Compared to participants who were always employed, those who were unemployed and had no higher education were more likely to smoke tobacco (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.86-4.10), to be nicotine dependent (OR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3.03-10.73), to use cannabis (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.42-3.64), and to abuse cannabis (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.63-7.04). Those who were unemployed and had higher education were especially likely to abuse alcohol (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.09). Increases in unemployment may impact population levels of substance use, particularly in young adults with low educational attainment.
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212
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Yaogo A, Fombonne E, Lert F, Melchior M. Adolescent Repeated Alcohol Intoxication as a Predictor of Young Adulthood Alcohol Abuse: The Role of Socioeconomic Context. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1795-804. [PMID: 26630381 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1058824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Trajectories of alcohol abuse from adolescence onwards are not well known. We examined the relationship between repeated alcohol intoxication in adolescence and later alcohol abuse, testing whether this association varies depending on individuals' socioeconomic context. METHODS Study participants (n = 674, age 22-35 years in 2009) belong to the French TEMPO cohort study; their parents also participate in an epidemiological study-the GAZEL cohort. Repeated alcohol intoxication was assessed by questionnaire in adolescence (1999) (defined by ≥3 episodes of alcohol intoxication in the preceding 12 months). In young adulthood (2009), alcohol abuse was assessed by the WHO AUDIT questionnaire. Socioeconomic characteristic studied was childhood family income. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, childhood temperament, parental history of alcohol use, and the quality of family relations. RESULTS Among adolescents who reported repeated alcohol intoxication, 30.8% reported alcohol abuse in young adulthood (adjusted OR=4.27, 95%CI 2.21-8.27). This association appeared stronger in participants who grew up in families with low income (adjusted OR=11.86, 95%CI 3.35-41.94 vs. 2.49, 95%CI 1.09-5.68 for youths from families with intermediate or high income). CONCLUSIONS In most adolescents (69.2%), alcohol abuse is a time-limited behavior. Nonetheless, in participants from low income families, the likelihood of persistent alcohol abuse beyond adolescence may be increased. Although some limitations are noted, a preliminary conclusion is that alcohol abuse trajectories over time need to be monitored, particularly in certain subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yaogo
- a INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France.,b Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France.,c University of Paris South , UMRS 1018, Villejuif , France
| | - Eric Fombonne
- d Department of Psychiatry , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA
| | - France Lert
- e University of Versailles Saint-Quentin , UMRS 1018, Villejuif , France.,f INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, CESP , Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health , Villejuif , France
| | - Maria Melchior
- a INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France.,b Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France
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213
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Juif PE, Melchior M, Poisbeau P. Characterization of the fast GABAergic inhibitory action of etifoxine during spinal nociceptive processing in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 91:117-22. [PMID: 25545681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Etifoxine (EFX) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic which potentiate GABAA receptor (GABAAR) function directly or indirectly via the production of 3α-reduced neurosteroids. The later effect is now recognized to account for the long-term reduction of pain symptoms in various neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. In the present study, we characterized the acute antinociceptive properties of EFX during spinal pain processing in naive and monoarthritic rats using in vivo electrophysiology. The topical application of EFX on lumbar spinal cord segment, at concentrations higher than 30 μM, reduced the excitability of wide dynamic range neurons receiving non-nociceptive and nociceptive inputs. Windup discharge resulting from the repetitive stimulation of the peripheral receptive field, and recognized as a short-term plastic process seen in central nociceptive sensitization, was significantly inhibited by EFX at these concentrations. In good agreement, mechanical nociceptive thresholds were also significantly increased following an acute intrathecal injection of EFX. The acute modulatory properties of EFX on spinal pain processing were never seen in the simultaneous presence of bicuculline. This result further confirmed EFX antinociception to result from the potentiation of spinal GABAA receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Juif
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Melchior
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Poisbeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France.
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Melchior M, Touchette É, Prokofyeva E, Chollet A, Fombonne E, Elidemir G, Galéra C. Negative events in childhood predict trajectories of internalizing symptoms up to young adulthood: an 18-year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114526. [PMID: 25485875 PMCID: PMC4259330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common negative events can precipitate the onset of internalizing symptoms. We studied whether their occurrence in childhood is associated with mental health trajectories over the course of development. METHODS Using data from the TEMPO study, a French community-based cohort study of youths, we studied the association between negative events in 1991 (when participants were aged 4-16 years) and internalizing symptoms, assessed by the ASEBA family of instruments in 1991, 1999, and 2009 (n = 1503). Participants' trajectories of internalizing symptoms were estimated with semi-parametric regression methods (PROC TRAJ). Data were analyzed using multinomial regression models controlled for participants' sex, age, parental family status, socio-economic position, and parental history of depression. RESULTS Negative childhood events were associated with an increased likelihood of concurrent internalizing symptoms which sometimes persisted into adulthood (multivariate ORs associated with > = 3 negative events respectively: high and decreasing internalizing symptoms: 5.54, 95% CI: 3.20-9.58; persistently high internalizing symptoms: 8.94, 95% CI: 2.82-28.31). Specific negative events most strongly associated with youths' persistent internalizing symptoms included: school difficulties (multivariate OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 2.24-12.59), parental stress (multivariate OR: 4.69, 95% CI: 2.02-10.87), serious illness/health problems (multivariate OR: 4.13, 95% CI: 1.76-9.70), and social isolation (multivariate OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.00-5.08). CONCLUSIONS Common negative events can contribute to the onset of children's lasting psychological difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- Inserm, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Évelyne Touchette
- Groupe de Recherche en Inadaptation Psychosociale (GRIP), Laval University, School of Psychology, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Prokofyeva
- Inserm, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Aude Chollet
- Inserm, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Brain Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Gulizar Elidemir
- Inserm, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Université de Bordeaux, Pôle Pédopsychiatrie Universitaire, Hôpital Charles-Perrens, INSERM U897, Bordeaux, France
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Melchior M. Psychopathologie et addiction des parents, situation sociale, et comportement de l’enfant. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
La consommation de tabac et d’alcool au cours de la grossesse peut augmenter les risques de santé pour l’enfant à court et plus long terme (petit poids de naissance, prématurité, difficultés cognitives et psychologiques) [1–5]. Les facteurs associés, qui incluent les difficultés sociales et économiques des familles (chômage, faibles revenus, absence du conjoint) [6], les difficultés psychologiques [1,7] et les consommations de tabac et d’alcool de l’entourage [1,8], sont mal connus chez les femmes migrantes. Nous avons examiné les facteurs associés aux consommations de tabac (≥ 1 cigarette/jour) et d’alcool (≥ 1 fois; binge drinking) des femmes de la cohorte ELFE en fonction de leur statut migratoire à partir de données recueillies à la maternité en 2011 (n = 18,316).Les femmes nées en France consommaient plus que celles nées à l’étranger (tabac : 21,9 vs. 8,8 %; alcool : 40,4 vs. 22,9 %) mais les niveaux de binge drinking étaient comparables (3,2 vs. 2,9 %). Les consommations de tabac et d’alcool étaient associées aux caractéristiques démographiques, socio-économiques, de santé, et du père de l’enfant, avec des spécificités en fonction du statut migratoire : chez les femmes nées à l’étranger les consommations d’alcool sont associées aux fait de ne pas vivre avec un conjoint (OR ajusté : toute consommation : 2,20; binge drinking : 3,06); par contre une situation socioéconomique défavorable est associée à un niveau élevé de tabagisme et de binge drinking seulement chez les femmes nées en France. Les niveaux de consommations de tabac et alcool sont faibles lorsque le père de l’enfant est migrant, surtout chez les migrantes.Au total, pour tenter de diminuer les niveaux de consommation de tabac et d’alcool au cours de la grossesse, les professionnels de santé et de prévention devraient tenir compte de multiples facteurs dont certains varient selon le statut migratoire des femmes.
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Galéra C, Pingault JB, Michel G, Bouvard MP, Melchior M, Falissard B, Boivin M, Tremblay RE, Côté SM. Clinical and social factors associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: population-based longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:291-7. [PMID: 25104834 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity, parenting and social characteristics on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use is still poorly understood. AIMS To assess the baseline and longitudinal influences of behavioural and environmental factors on ADHD medication use. METHOD Survival regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to model data from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort. The sample (n = 1920) was assessed from age 5 months to 10 years. Measures of children's psychiatric symptoms, parenting practices and social characteristics available at baseline and during follow-up were used to identify individual and family-level features associated with subsequent use of ADHD medication. RESULTS Use of ADHD medication ranged from 0.2 to 8.6% between ages 3.5 to 10 years. Hyperactivity-inattention was the strongest predictor of medication use (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.75, 95% CI 2.35-3.22). Among all social variables examined, low maternal education increased the likelihood of medication use (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.38-3.18) whereas immigrant status lowered this likelihood (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Beyond ADHD symptoms, the likelihood of receiving ADHD medication is predicted by social variables and not by psychiatric comorbidity or by parenting. This emphasises the need to improve global interventions by offering the same therapeutic opportunities (including medication) as those received by the rest of the population to some subgroups (i.e. immigrants) and by diminishing possible unnecessary prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Galéra
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Grégory Michel
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Manuel-Pierre Bouvard
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Maria Melchior
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Michel Boivin
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Cédric Galéra, MD, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital and INSERM, The Bordeaux School of Public Health (Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897, Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Bordeaux, France; Jean-Baptiste Pingault, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada and INSERM U669, Paris, France; Grégory Michel, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Psychology and Quality of Life, Bordeaux, France; Manuel-Pierre Bouvard, MD, University of Bordeaux, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Maria Melchior, ScD, INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France; Bruno Falissard, MD, PhD, INSERM U669, Paris, France; Michel Boivin, PhD, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Richard E. Tremblay, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland and Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; Sylvana M. Côté, PhD, Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal and Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal and International Laboratory for Child and
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Melchior M, Aranda FS, Sciutto S, Dodat D, Larragueta N. SU-E-T-50: Automatic Validation of Megavoltage Beams Modeled for Clinical Use in Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Melchior M, Prokofyeva E, Younès N, Surkan PJ, Martins SS. Treatment for illegal drug use disorders: the role of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:89. [PMID: 24670230 PMCID: PMC3986906 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to examine whether comorbid mood and anxiety disorders influence patterns of treatment or the perceived unmet need for treatment among those not receiving treatment for illegal drug use disorders. METHODS Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, 2001-2002 and 2004-2005, n = 34,653). Lifetime DSM-IV illegal drug use disorder (abuse and dependence), as well as comorbid mood (major depression, dysthymia, manic disorder, hypomanic disorder) and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, generalized anxiety) were ascertained by a standardized psychiatric interview. Treatment for illegal drug use disorders and perceived unmet need for treatment were assessed among individuals with illegal drug use disorder. Odds of treatment and odds of perceived unmet need for treatment were assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, treatment for mood and anxiety disorders, and comorbid alcohol use disorder. RESULTS Out of 34,653 participants, 1114 (3.2%) had a diagnosis of lifetime illegal drug use disorder: 21.2% had a comorbid mood disorder only, 11.8% a comorbid anxiety disorder only, and 45.9% comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders were not related to treatment for illegal drug use disorders but were associated with an elevated likelihood of unmet need for treatment: compared to participants with no comorbidities, multivariate ORs were 2.21 (95% CI: 1.23- 4.10) for mood disorder only, 2.38 (95% CI: 1.27-4.45) for anxiety disorder only, and 2.90 (95% CI: 1.71-4.94) for both mood and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with an illegal drug use disorder and comorbid mood or anxiety disorders are disproportionately likely to report unmet need for treatment. Integrated mental health and substance use programs could prove effective in addressing their treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- Inserm, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Population Health (CESP), Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Elena Prokofyeva
- Inserm, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Population Health (CESP), Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health, F-94807 Villejuif, France,University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Younès
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin EA 4047, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 10032 New York, NY, USA
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Van der Waerden J, Melchior M. EPA-0836 – Maternal depression timing and trajectories, socioeconomic position and child problem behavior at age five – results from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Melchior M, Chastang J, Falissard B, Galèra C, Tremblay R, Côtè S, Boivin M. EPA-0669 – Food insecurity and children's symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lemogne C, Consoli SM, Melchior M, Nabi H, Coeuret-Pellicer M, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Zins M. Depression and the risk of cancer: a 15-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1712-20. [PMID: 24085153 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has long been hypothesized to be associated with cancer incidence. However, there is evidence for a positive publication bias in this field. In the present study, we examined the association between various measures of depression and cancer incidence at several sites. A total of 14,203 members of the French GAZEL (Gaz et Electricité) cohort (10,506 men, 3,697 women) were followed up for diagnoses of primary cancers from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2009. All medically certified sickness absences for depression recorded between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1993, were compiled. Depressive symptoms were self-reported in 1993, 1996, and 1999 with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. During a mean follow-up period of 15.2 years, 1,119 participants received a cancer diagnosis, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer and in situ neoplasms. Considering 6 cancer sites (prostate, breast, colorectal, smoking-related, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues, other sites) and 4 measures of depression, we found 1 positive association and 1 negative association. Overall, there was no compelling evidence for an association between depression and cancer incidence. Such null results should be considered when addressing concerns of cancer patients and their relatives about the role of depression in cancer onset.
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Galéra C, Pingault JB, Fombonne E, Michel G, Lagarde E, Bouvard MP, Melchior M. Attention problems in childhood and adult substance use. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1677-1683.e1. [PMID: 23972646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the link between childhood attention problems (AP) and substance use 18 years later. STUDY DESIGN This cohort study was conducted in a community sample of 1103 French youths followed from 1991 to 2009. Exposures and covariates were childhood behavioral problems (based on parental report at baseline), early substance use, school difficulties, and family adversity. Outcome measures were regular tobacco smoking, alcohol problems, problematic cannabis use, and lifetime cocaine use (based on youth reports at follow-up). RESULTS Individuals with high levels of childhood AP had higher rates of substance use (regular tobacco smoking, alcohol problems, problematic cannabis use, and lifetime cocaine use). However, when taking into account other childhood behavioral problems, early substance use, school difficulties, and family adversity, childhood AP were related only to regular tobacco smoking and lifetime cocaine use. Early cannabis exposure was the strongest risk factor for all substance use problems. CONCLUSION This longitudinal community-based study shows that, except for tobacco and cocaine, the association between childhood AP and substance use is confounded by a range of early risk factors. Early cannabis exposure plays a central role in later substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Galéra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U897, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes, Bordeaux, France.
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Yaogo A, Fombonne E, Kouanda S, Lert F, Melchior M. Trajectoire socio-économique et consommation d’alcool au début de l’âge adulte : résultats de la cohorte française TEMPO. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ContexteLes liens entre trajectoire socio-économique et consommation d’alcool ont été peu étudiés, particulièrement chez des personnes jeunes.ObjectifsL’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier l’association entre trajectoire socio-économique et consommation d’alcool au début de l’âge adulte en tenant compte d’autres facteurs associés à la consommation d’alcool.Matériel et méthodesLes données proviennent de la cohorte TEMPO (www.tempo.inserm.fr) - une étude de cohorte prospective de 1103 personnes âgées de 22 à 35 ans en 2009 dont un des parents participe à la cohorte GAZEL (www.gazel.inserm.fr). La consommation d’alcool (abstinence, consommation faible ou intermédiaire, abus) a été mesurée en 2009 par l’AUDIT (OMS). La trajectoire socio-économique depuis l’enfance jusqu’à l’âge adulte a été mesurée par :– la situation sociale dans l’enfance (niveau de revenu familial en 1989 (≤ 2592 vs > 2592 €/mois) ;– la situation sociale du jeune (niveau d’étude ≤ Baccalauréat vs > Baccalauréat).Dans l’échantillon, 4 groupes de trajectoire socio-économique ont été identifiés : trajectoires favorable, ascendante, descendante, défavorable. Les données ont été analysées par des modèles de régression logistique ajustés sur le sexe, l’âge, la situation maritale, l’emploi, le soutien social, la maternité, l’existence de maladies chroniques, les difficultés psychologiques et la consommation d’alcool des parents.RésultatsLa trajectoire socio-économique des personnes était associée à leur consommation d’alcool, et particulièrement à l’abstinence : par rapport aux personnes qui avaient une trajectoire socio-économique favorable : ORs multivariés (trajectoire socio-économique ascendante : OR = 1,89, 95 % IC 1,05–3,40), (trajectoire descendante : OR = 2,10, 95 % IC 1,00–4,44), (trajectoire défavorable : OR = 3,01, 95 % IC 1,38–6,56).
ConclusionLa trajectoire socio-économique est associée à la non-consommation d’alcool au début de l’âge adulte, indépendamment d’autres facteurs.
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Prokofyeva E, Martins SS, Younès N, Surkan PJ, Melchior M. The role of family history in mental health service utilization for major depression. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:461-466. [PMID: 23856284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to examine the association between family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and mental health service utilization for MDD. METHODS Data come from wave 1 (2001-2002) and wave 2 (2004-2005) of the US National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). The AUDADIS was used to determine the presence of lifetime and incident MDD. Participants with a mother, father, grandparent or sibling with MDD were considered to have a positive family history. Mental health service utilization among participants with lifetime MDD was studied. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, marital status, family income) and disease severity. RESULTS Approximately 7940 NESARC participants had lifetime MDD, 54.7% of them had family history of the disorder. Compared to participants with no family history of MDD, those with such family history were two times more likely to access treatment (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 2.11-2.68). Parental, and particularly maternal history of MDD, was most strongly associated with MDD treatment. LIMITATIONS Data were unavailable on the timing of family history of MDD and its possible under-report, and differences between participants with treated vs untreated relatives. Institutionalized individuals were not included. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with parental and maternal history of major depression were two times more likely to receive treatment for MDD than those with no such history. Efforts to increase access to healthcare for those who do not report family history of MDD could prove effective in addressing existing unmet treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prokofyeva
- Inserm, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Population Health (CESP), Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, F-94807 Villejuif, France; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Nadia Younès
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin EA 4047, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Melchior
- Inserm, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Population Health (CESP), Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, F-94807 Villejuif, France; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France
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Wang M, Alexanderson K, Runeson B, Head J, Melchior M, Perski A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Are all-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence, and sick-leave duration risk indicators for suicidal behaviour? A nationwide register-based cohort study of 4.9 million inhabitants of Sweden. Occup Environ Med 2013; 71:12-20. [PMID: 24142975 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have found an increased risk of suicide in people on sickness absence, but less is known about to what extent diagnosis-specific sickness absence is a risk indicator for suicidal behaviour. This study aimed to examine all-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence and sick-leave duration as risk indicators for suicide attempt and suicide. METHODS This is a population-based prospective cohort study. All non-retired adults (n = 4 923 404) who lived in Sweden as on 31 December 2004 were followed-up for 6 years regarding suicide attempt and suicide (2005-2010). HRs and 95% CIs for suicidal behaviour were calculated, using people with no sick-leave spells in 2005 as reference. RESULTS In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors and previous mental healthcare, suicide attempt and current antidepressants prescription, sickness absence predicted suicide attempt (HR 2.37; 95% CI 2.25 to 2.50 for women; HR 2.69; 95% CI 2.53 to 2.86 for men) and suicide (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.60 to 2.29 for women; HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.71 to 2.14 for men), particularly mental sickness absence (range of HR: 2.74-3.64). The risks were also increased for somatic sickness absence, for example, musculoskeletal and digestive diseases and injury/poisoning (range of HR: 1.57-3.77). Moreover, the risks increased with sick-leave duration. CONCLUSIONS Sickness absence was a clear risk indicator for suicidal behaviour, irrespective of sick-leave diagnoses, among women and men. Awareness of such risks is recommended when monitoring sickness certification. Further studies are warranted in order to gain more detailed knowledge on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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de Monteynard LA, Younès N, Melchior M. Facteurs sociodémographiques et recours aux soins pour raisons psychologiques chez les jeunes adultes. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2013; 61:351-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yaogo A, Fombonne E, Kouanda S, Lert F, Melchior M. Lifecourse socioeconomic position and alcohol use in young adulthood: results from the French TEMPO cohort study. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 49:109-16. [PMID: 23900495 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between lifetime socioeconomic position and alcohol use in young adults. METHODS The participants (n = 1103, age 22-35 years in 2009) were the French TEMPO cohort, offspring of employees (all French nationals) of the French national gas and electricity company (GAZEL) who were in a previous cohort study. Alcohol use was assessed by the WHO AUDIT questionnaire (none, low or intermediate alcohol use, alcohol abuse). Childhood socioeconomic position was measured using parental income documented in the GAZEL study in 1989 (low: ≤ 2592€/month vs. intermediate/high: >2592€/month). Adult socioeconomic position was measured by participants' educational level (≤ high school degree vs. >high school degree). Combining family income and educational attainment, we ascertained participants' social trajectory (stable high, upward, downward and stable low). Data were analyzed using multinomial regression analyses controlled for demographic, social, psychological and family characteristics. RESULTS Compared with participants with a stable high social trajectory, those with an upward, downward or low social trajectory were more likely to abstain from alcohol (compared with a stable high social trajectory, sex and age-adjusted ORs: OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.35-3.65 for an upward social trajectory; OR = 3.20, 95% CI 1.78-5.73 for a downward social trajectory; OR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.75-6.12 for a stable low social trajectory). Additionally, participants with a downward social trajectory were disproportionately likely to abuse alcohol (sex- and age-adjusted OR: 1.48, 95% CI 0.89-2.48). In multivariate analyses, social trajectory remained associated with alcohol use. CONCLUSION Lifelong socioeconomic position may shape patterns of alcohol use early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yaogo
- Corresponding author: Inserm, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, CESP, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16, avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France.
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Lemogne C, Nabi H, Melchior M, Goldberg M, Limosin F, Consoli SM, Zins M. Mortality associated with depression as compared with other severe mental disorders: a 20-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:851-7. [PMID: 23590806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD) have an increased risk of mortality from somatic diseases. This study examined whether this risk is different in persons with depressive disorders compared to those with other SMD (i.e. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder). In 1989, 20,625 employees of the French national gas and electricity company (15,011 men and 5614 women, aged 35-50) agreed to participate in the GAZEL cohort study. Three diagnosis groups were created based on sick leave spells from 1978 onwards: 1) no SMD, 2) depressive disorders and 3) other SMD. Dates and causes of death were available from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2010. The association of diagnosis groups with mortality was estimated with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) computed using Cox regression. During a mean follow-up of 19.8 years, 1544 participants died, including 1343 from a natural cause, of which 258 died from cardiovascular diseases. After adjustment for age, gender, occupational status, alcohol consumption, smoking and body-mass index, participants with a history of sickness absence for SMD had a greater risk of natural mortality (HR: 1.24, CI: 1.08-1.43), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.49, CI: 1.08-2.05) and non-cardiovascular natural mortality (HR: 1.19, CI: 1.02-1.39). Compared to depressive disorders, other SMD were associated with an increased risk of natural mortality (HR: 1.94, CI: 1.17-3.22) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.58, CI: 1.53-8.39). Job security and systematic medical follow-up may fall short of preventing premature death among workers with sickness absence due to SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
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Younes N, Chee CC, Turbelin C, Hanslik T, Passerieux C, Melchior M. Particular difficulties faced by GPs with young adults who will attempt suicide: a cross-sectional study. BMC Fam Pract 2013; 14:68. [PMID: 23706018 PMCID: PMC3674947 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicide is a major public health problem in young people. General Practitioners (GPs) play a central role in suicide prevention. However data about how physicians deal with suicidal youths are lacking. This study aims to compare young adult suicide attempters (from 18 to 39 years old) with older adults in a primary care setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried. All suicide attempts (N=270) reported to the French Sentinel surveillance System from 2009 to 2011 were considered. We conducted comparison of data on the last GP’s consultation and GPs’ management in the last three months between young adults and older adults. Results In comparison with older adults, young adults consulted their GP less frequently in the month preceding the suicidal attempt (40.9 vs. 64.6%, p=.01). During the last consultation prior to the suicidal attempt, they expressed suicidal ideas less frequently (11.3 vs. 21.9%, p=.03). In the year preceding the suicidal attempt, GPs identified depression significantly less often (42.0 vs. 63.4%, p=.001). In the preceding three months, GPs realized significantly less interventions: less psychological support (37.5 vs. 53.0%, p=.02), prescribed less antidepressants (28.6 vs. 54.8%, p<.0001) or psychotropic drugs (39.1 vs. 52.9%, p=.03) and made fewer attempts to refer to a mental health specialist (33.3 vs. 45.5%, p=.05). Conclusion With young adults who subsequently attempt suicide, GPs face particular difficulties compared to older adults, as a significant proportion of young adults were not seen in the previous six months, as GPs identified less depressions in the preceding year and were less active in managing in the preceding three months. Medical training and continuing medical education should include better instruction on challenges relative to addressing suicide risk in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Younes
- EA 40-47 Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles F-7800, France.
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Dray-Spira R, Herquelot E, Bonenfant S, Guéguen A, Melchior M. Impact of diabetes mellitus onset on sickness absence from work--a 15-year follow-up of the GAZEL Occupational Cohort Study. Diabet Med 2013; 30:549-56. [PMID: 23167285 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies do not provide an accurate estimate of the burden of diabetes on sickness absence. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of diabetes onset on absenteeism starting from the earliest occurrence of the disease. METHODS The authors used data from a subsample of the French GAZEL cohort of 506 employees with incident diabetes and 2530 matched diabetes-free participants. Medically certified sickness absence data were obtained from company records (1989-2007). Number of sickness absence days and incidence rates of overall and cause-specific absence spells were compared according to diabetes status across three 5-year periods ranging from 10 years before to 5 years after onset of cases' diabetes. RESULTS The mean number of sickness absence days was persistently higher in participants with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. This difference increased from 16.4 days (95% confidence interval 7.2-25.5) during the 5-year period preceding diabetes onset to 28.5 days (95% CI 16.1-40.9) during the following 5-year period (P = 0.04). This was due to a steeper relative increase in the incidence of long (but not short) absence spells in participants with diabetes versus those without diabetes [incidence rate ratios 1.33 (95% CI 1.08-1.64) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.43-2.14), respectively; P = 0.02]. Diabetes onset was associated with increased rates of circulatory and metabolic absence spells. CONCLUSIONS Onset of diabetes is associated with a substantial increase in sickness absence. This suggests that in addition to its burden on work cessation, diabetes weighs heavily on working ability among people who manage to remain employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dray-Spira
- INSERM, UMRS 1018, CESP, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France.
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231
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Social inequalities in substance use have been well-documented; however, the impact of changes in socio-economic position from childhood to adulthood is unclear. We examined the relationship between intergenerational trajectories of social position and tobacco and cannabis use among young adults. METHODS Data come from 1103 participants (mean age: 28.9 years) of the Trajectoires Epidémiologiques en Population (TEMPO) study and their parents, participants of the GAZEL study, France. Multinomial regression analyses were used to examine associations between lifecourse socio-economic position (SEP) assessed using the parent's reports of family income (1989 and 2002) and the participant's educational attainment, occupational grade and job stability in 2009, with self-reported tobacco and cannabis use in 2009. RESULTS Compared with participants with stable intermediate/high SEP, those with stable low SEP and those with declining SEP were more likely to use tobacco (age- and sex-adjusted ORs = 2.03 and 2.26). Participants who experienced declining SEP were also disproportionately likely to use and abuse cannabis (adjusted ORs = 2.22 and 2.73). Associations remained significant after adjusting for family (parental smoking, alcohol use, ill health, unemployment, depression and divorce) and individual (early tobacco and cannabis use, academic difficulties, juvenile internalizing and externalizing problems) risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional studies indicate social inequalities in substance use. Our longitudinal findings suggest that individuals who experienced declining SEP from childhood to adulthood may be twice as likely to use tobacco and cannabis compared with individuals with a stable/high trajectory. Interventions targeting substance abuse should take into account lifecourse determinants including the interplay between individuals' socio-economic origins and later attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Bowes
- 1 CESP, Inserm U1018, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France
- 4 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - Aude Chollet
- 1 CESP, Inserm U1018, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France
- 4 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Fombonne
- 2 Montreal Children’s Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cédric Galéra
- 3 Child Psychiatry Department, Charles–Perrens Hospital, University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- 1 CESP, Inserm U1018, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France
- 4 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
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232
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Lemogne C, Consoli SM, Geoffroy-Perez B, Coeuret-Pellicer M, Nabi H, Melchior M, Limosin F, Zins M, Ducimetière P, Goldberg M, Cordier S. Personality and the risk of cancer: a 16-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:262-71. [PMID: 23513238 PMCID: PMC3977138 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31828b5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large-scale prospective studies do not support an association between neuroticism and extroversion with cancer incidence. However, research on other personality constructs is inconclusive. This longitudinal study examined the associations between four personality measures, Type 1, "suppressed emotional expression"; Type 5, "rational/antiemotional"; hostility; and Type A with cancer incidence. METHODS Personality measures were available for 13,768 members in the GAZEL cohort study (baseline assessment in 1993). Follow-up for diagnoses of primary cancers was obtained from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2009. Associations between personality and cancer incidence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analyses and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 16.0 years (range, 9 days-16 years), 1139 participants were diagnosed as having a primary cancer. The mean duration between baseline and cancer diagnosis was 9.3 years. Type 1 personality was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio per standard deviation = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.68-0.97, p = .02). Type 5 personality was not associated with prostate, breast, colorectal, or smoking-related cancers, but was associated with other cancers (hazard ratio per standard deviation = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.31, p = .01). Hostility was associated with an increased risk of smoking-related cancers, which was explained by smoking habits, and Type A was not associated with any of the cancer endpoints. CONCLUSIONS Several personality measures were prospectively associated with the incidence of selected cancers. These links may warrant further epidemiological studies and investigations about potential biobehavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France.
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233
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Melchior M, Chastang JF, Head J, Goldberg M, Zins M, Nabi H, Younès N. Socioeconomic position predicts long-term depression trajectory: a 13-year follow-up of the GAZEL cohort study. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:112-21. [PMID: 21931321 PMCID: PMC3526730 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with low socioeconomic position have high rates of depression; however, it is not clear whether this reflects higher incidence or longer persistence of disorder. Past research focused on high-risk samples, and risk factors of long-term depression in the population are less well known. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic position predicts depression trajectory over 13 years of follow-up in a community sample. We studied 12 650 individuals participating in the French GAZEL study. Depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale in 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. These five assessments served to estimate longitudinal depression trajectories (no depression, decreasing depression, intermediate/increasing depression, persistent depression). Socioeconomic position was measured by occupational grade. Covariates included year of birth, marital status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, negative life events and preexisting psychological and non-psychological health problems. Data were analyzed using multinomial regression, separately in men and women. Overall, participants in intermediate and low occupational grades were significantly more likely than those in high grades to have an unfavorable depression trajectory and to experience persistent depression (age-adjusted ORs: respectively 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.70 and 2.65, 95% CI 2.04-3.45 in men, 2.48, 95% CI 1.36-4.54 and 4.53, 95% CI 2.38-8.63 in women). In multivariate models, the socioeconomic gradient in long-term depression decreased by 21-59% in men and women. Long-term depression trajectories appear to follow a socioeconomic gradient; therefore, efforts aiming to reduce the burden of depression should address the needs of the whole population rather than exclusively focus on high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Melchior
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France.
| | - J-F Chastang
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - J Head
- International Institute for Society and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - M Goldberg
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - M Zins
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - H Nabi
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - N Younès
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin EA 4047, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
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234
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Melchior M, Chastang JF, Falissard B, Galéra C, Tremblay RE, Côté SM, Boivin M. Food insecurity and children's mental health: a prospective birth cohort study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52615. [PMID: 23300723 PMCID: PMC3530436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity (which can be defined as inadequate access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets individuals' dietary needs) is concurrently associated with children's psychological difficulties. However, the predictive role of food insecurity with regard to specific types of children's mental health symptoms has not previously been studied. We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Québec, LSCDQ, a representative birth cohort study of children born in the Québec region, in Canada, in 1997-1998 (n = 2120). Family food insecurity was ascertained when children were 1½ and 4½ years old. Children's mental health symptoms were assessed longitudinally using validated measures of behaviour at ages 4½, 5, 6 and 8 years. Symptom trajectory groups were estimated to identify children with persistently high levels of depression/anxiety (21.0%), aggression (26.2%), and hyperactivity/inattention (6.0%). The prevalence of food insecurity in the study was 5.9%. In sex-adjusted analyses, children from food-insecure families were disproportionately likely to experience persistent symptoms of depression/anxiety (OR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.15-2.79) and hyperactivity/inattention (OR: 3.06, 95% CI 1.68-5.55). After controlling for immigrant status, family structure, maternal age at child's birth, family income, maternal and paternal education, prenatal tobacco exposure, maternal and paternal depression and negative parenting, only persistent hyperactivity/inattention remained associated with food insecurity (fully adjusted OR: 2.65, 95% CI 1.16-6.06). Family food insecurity predicts high levels of children's mental health symptoms, particularly hyperactivity/inattention. Addressing food insecurity and associated problems in families could help reduce the burden of mental health problems in children and reduce social inequalities in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
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Touchette E, Chollet A, Galéra C, Fombonne E, Falissard B, Boivin M, Melchior M. Prior sleep problems predict internalising problems later in life. J Affect Disord 2012; 143:166-71. [PMID: 22858260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One possible risk marker of later internalising symptoms is poor sleep, which is a problem for up to 40% of children. The present study investigated whether prior sleep problems could predict internalising symptoms over a period of 18 years of follow-up. METHODS The study sample included 1503 French young adults from the TEMPO cohort (mean age=28.8±3.6 years) whose parents participate in the GAZEL cohort study. All TEMPO participants previously took part in a study of children's mental health and behaviour in 1991 (mean age=10.3±3.6 years) and 1999 (mean age=18.8±3.6 years). Sleep problems and internalising symptoms (depression, anxiety, somatic complaints) were assessed three times (1991, 1999, 2009) using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) questionnaire. The association between sleep problems in 1991 and trajectories of internalising problems from 1991 to 2009 was tested in a multinomial logistic regression framework, controlling for sex, age, baseline temperament, behavioural problems and stressful life events, as well as family income, and parental history of depression. RESULTS We identified four trajectories of internalising symptoms: high-persistent (2.5%), high-decreasing (11.4%), low-increasing (11.6%), and low-persistent (74.5%). After controlling for covariates, compared to participants who did not have sleep problems in 1991, those who did were 4.51 times (95% CI=1.54-13.19, P=.006) more likely to have high-persistent internalising symptoms and 3.69 times (95% CI=2.00-6.82, P<.001) more likely to have high-decreasing internalising symptoms over the 18-year follow-up. LIMITATIONS Sleep problems and internalising symptoms were based on self-report questions, results should be interpreted with due caution. CONCLUSIONS Sleep problems early in life are associated with an increased likelihood of internalising symptoms that persist from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Touchette
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, F-94807, Villejuif, France.
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Le Port A, Gueguen A, Kesse-Guyot E, Melchior M, Lemogne C, Nabi H, Goldberg M, Zins M, Czernichow S. Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms over time: a 10-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51593. [PMID: 23251585 PMCID: PMC3520961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the association between dietary patterns and depression are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms assessed repeatedly over 10 years in the French occupational GAZEL cohort. Methods A total of 9,272 men and 3,132 women, aged 45–60 years in 1998, completed a 35-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Dietary patterns were derived by Principal Component Analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) in 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. The main outcome measure was the repeated measures of CES-D. Longitudinal analyses were performed with logistic regression based on generalized estimating equations. Principal Findings The highest quartile of low-fat, western, high snack and high fat-sweet diets in men and low-fat and high snack diets in women were associated with higher likelihood of depressive symptoms at the start of the follow-up compared to the lowest quartile (OR between 1.16 and 1.50). Conversely, the highest quartile of traditional diet (characterized by fish and fruit consumption) was associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in women compared to the lowest quartile, with OR = 0.63 [95%CI, 0.50 to 0.80], as the healthy pattern (characterized by vegetables consumption) with OR = 0.72 [95%CI, 0.63 to 0.83] and OR = 0.75 [95%CI, 0.61 to 0.93] in men and women, respectively. However, there was probably a reverse causality effect for the healthy pattern. Conclusion This longitudinal study shows that several dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms and these associations track over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Le Port
- INSERM U1018, University of Versailles St Quentin. Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France.
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Sakyi KS, Melchior M, Chollet A, Surkan PJ. The combined effects of parental divorce and parental history of depression on cannabis use in young adults in France. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 126:195-9. [PMID: 22682099 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The joint effects of multiple social risk factors on substance use, such as parental divorce and parental history of depression, have rarely been studied in young adult offspring. METHODS We examined the combined effects of parental divorce and parental history of depression on current cannabis use among a community sample of young adults in France. Parental divorce was ascertained as divorce or separation before 2009. Parental history of depression based on parental reports of depression (1989-2009) and offspring reports of parental lifetime history of depression. Current cannabis use was defined as use at least once in the preceding 12 months. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models controlling for young adult and parental socio-demographic variables. RESULTS Approximately one fourth of youth (23%) reported consuming cannabis at least once in the past year. At the same time, 15% had parents who were divorced and 30% parents with a history of depression. The association between parental divorce and cannabis use in young adults was not statistically significant (adjusted OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.97-2.31). History of parental depression conferred a marginally statistically significant 42% higher odds of young adult cannabis use (adjusted OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.00-2.01). Young adults who experienced both parental history of divorce and depression were more than two times as likely to be current cannabis users compared to those who experienced neither of these (adjusted OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.26-4.48). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the critical importance of considering familial context in understanding cannabis use in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame S Sakyi
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Dept of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
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238
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Melchior M, Chollet A, Fombonne E, Bowes L, Redonnet B. Consommations de tabac, d’alcool et de cannabis chez les jeunes adultes : le contexte socioéconomique. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Galéra C, Bouvard MP, Lagarde E, Michel G, Touchette E, Fombonne E, Melchior M. Childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status in adulthood: 18-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 201:20-5. [PMID: 22626635 PMCID: PMC3907305 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with socioeconomic difficulties later in life. Little research in this area has been based on longitudinal and community studies. AIMS To examine the relationship between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status 18 years later. METHOD Using a French community sample of 1103 youths followed from 1991 to 2009, we tested associations between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status between ages 22 and 35 years, adjusting for potential childhood and family confounders. RESULTS Individuals with high levels of childhood attention problems were three times more likely to experience subsequent socioeconomic disadvantage than those with low levels of attention problems (odds ratio 3.44, 95% CI 1.72-6.92). This association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for childhood externalising problems, low family income, parental divorce and parental alcohol problems. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal community-based study shows an association between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic disadvantage in adulthood. Taking into account ADHD and associated difficulties could help reduce the long-term socioeconomic burden of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel-Pierre Bouvard
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie
Hôpital Charles PerrensUniversité Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II121 rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux, FR
| | - Emmanuel Lagarde
- Epidémiologie et Biostatistique
INSERM : U897Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux IIInstitut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)146, rue Léo-Saignat 33076 Bordeaux, FR
| | - Grégory Michel
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations
INSERM : U1018Université Paris XI - Paris SudHôpital Paul BrousseAssistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, FR
| | - Evelyne Touchette
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations
INSERM : U1018Université Paris XI - Paris SudHôpital Paul BrousseAssistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, FR,Department of Child Psychiatry
McGill UniversityMontreal Children's Hospital2300 rue Tupper, Montreal, H3H 1P3, CA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment
Department of PsychologyLaval University2325 rue de l'Université, Québec G1V 0A6, CA
| | - Maria Melchior
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations
INSERM : U1018Université Paris XI - Paris SudHôpital Paul BrousseAssistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, FR,* Correspondence should be addressed to: Maria Melchior
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Melchior M, Chastang JF, de Lauzon B, Galéra C, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Larroque B. Maternal depression, socioeconomic position, and temperament in early childhood: the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort. J Affect Disord 2012; 137:165-9. [PMID: 22118857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of mothers who experience depression in pregnancy may be at high risk of emotional disturbances; however heterogeneity in risk suggests that other factors could play a moderating role. We test the hypothesis that children growing up in families characterised by both maternal depression and socioeconomic disadvantage are especially likely to have temperamental difficulties. METHODS Data come from the mother-child EDEN cohort study based in France (n=1903 mother-child pairs followed from 24 weeks of pregnancy to 12 months of age). Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D questionnaire, family socioeconomic position by family income and child temperament by the EAS at age 12 months. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics (child's age, sex, mother's age at birth, number of siblings, parental separation, nonmaternal care) as well as child's premature birth, birth weight, duration of breastfeeding, maternal anxiety during pregnancy and maternal postnatal depression. RESULTS Accounting for age and sex, family risk (i.e. combined maternal depression and family income) was associated with children' scores of emotionality (p<0.0001) and activity (p=0.02). In multivariate analyses, children growing up exposed to both maternal depression and low income had the highest emotionality scores (β=0.57, se=0.14, p=0.0001). LIMITATIONS Maternal depression symptoms are self-reported. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the mental health needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged families with young children may help reduce the burden of internalising problems in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- INSERM U1018, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Villejuif, France.
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Surkan PJ, Fielding-Miller R, Melchior M. Parental relationship satisfaction in French young adults associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Addict Behav 2012; 37:313-7. [PMID: 22088856 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for disease in developed countries. In addition to genetic susceptibility, alcohol consumption is shaped by one's social and family environment. With data from 2009, we examined associations between satisfaction with familial relationships and alcohol abuse and dependence using a national sample of 1101 French young adults aged 22-35. Alcohol-related problems were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Main exposure variables included young adults' self-report of satisfaction with parental relationships. In adjusted logistic regression models, having a poor relationship with one's mother (OR=1.8, 95%CI 1.0-3.6) or father (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2) was associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Gender stratified analyses indicated unsatisfactory maternal relationships were associated with alcohol problems in women (OR=2.6, 95%CI 1.1-6.6); unsatisfactory paternal relationships were suggestive of alcohol abuse in men (OR=2.0, 95%CI 0.9-4.7), but not in women. Non-cohabitation with a romantic partner was associated with an almost three-fold increase of alcohol abuse and dependence in men (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.6-4.8). The quality of parental relationships may be important for alcohol abuse, particularly when the parent is the same gender. Family-centered approaches may be considered in prevention efforts to reduce problem drinking in French young adults.
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Alexanderson K, Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Singh-Manoux A, Melchior M, Zins M, Goldberg M, Head J. Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a long-term predictor of disability pension: a 13-year follow-up of the GAZEL cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66:155-9. [PMID: 22003081 PMCID: PMC4851987 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors that increase the risk of labour market exclusion are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the extent to which all-cause and diagnosis-specific sick leave predict subsequent disability pension (DP). METHODS Prospective cohort study of 20 434 persons employed by the French national gas and electric company (the GAZEL study). New sick-leave spells >7 days in 1990-1992 were obtained from company records. Follow-up for DP was from 1994 to 2007. RESULTS The HR, adjusted for age and occupational position, for DP was 3.5 (95% CI 2.7 to 4.5) in men and 2.6 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.5) in women with one or more sick-leave spells >7 days compared with those with no sick leave. The strongest predictor of DP was sick leave with a psychiatric diagnosis, HR 7.6 (95% CI 5.2 to 10.9) for men and 4.1 (95% CI 2.9 to 5.9) for women. Corresponding HRs for sick leave due to circulatory diagnoses in men and women were 5.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 8.6) and 3.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 5.3), for respiratory diagnoses 3.9 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.8) and 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.0), and musculoskeletal diagnoses 4.6 (95% CI 3.4 to 6.4) and 3.3 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sick leave with a psychiatric diagnosis is a major risk factor for subsequent DP, especially among men. Sick leave due to musculoskeletal or circulatory disorders was also a strong predictor of DP. Diagnosis-specific sick leave should be recognised as an early risk marker for future exclusion from the labour market.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alexanderson
- Kristina Alexanderson, Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Berzelius väg 3, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Galéra C, Côté SM, Bouvard MP, Pingault JB, Melchior M, Michel G, Boivin M, Tremblay RE. Early risk factors for hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 68:1267-75. [PMID: 22147844 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with long-term negative outcomes. However, the early developmental course of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and their association with previous environmental risk factors are still poorly understood OBJECTIVES To describe the developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and to identify their prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors. DESIGN Birth cohort from the general population. SETTING Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 2057 individuals, followed up from age 5 months to 8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors assessed at age 5 months were considered predictors of group membership in high hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years. RESULTS The frequency of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms tended to slightly decrease with age, whereas the frequency of inattention symptoms substantially increased up to age 6 years. However, trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms were significantly associated with each other. Risk factors for high trajectories of both types of symptoms were premature birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.07-3.50), low birth weight (2.11; 1.12-3.98), prenatal tobacco exposure (1.41; 1.03-1.93), nonintact family (1.85; 1.26-2.70), young maternal age at birth of the target child (1.78; 1.17-2.69), paternal history of antisocial behavior (1.78; 1.28-2.47), and maternal depression (1.35; 1.18-1.54). CONCLUSIONS A large range of early risk factors, including prenatal, perinatal social, and parental psychopathology variables, act independently to heighten the likelihood of having persistently high levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from infancy to middle childhood. Early interventions should be experimented with to provide effective tools for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Galéra
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Bordeaux Segalen, CHS Charles-Perrens, Bordeaux, France.
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Batra A, Melchior M, Seff L, Frederick N, Palmer RC. Evaluation of a Community-Based Falls Prevention Program in South Florida, 2008-2009. Prev Chronic Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.5888/pcd9.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sabbath EL, Melchior M, Goldberg M, Zins M, Berkman LF. Work and family demands: predictors of all-cause sickness absence in the GAZEL cohort. Eur J Public Health 2011; 22:101-6. [PMID: 21558153 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the impact of combined work and family demands on all-cause sickness absence and to examine variation in this relationship by occupational grade and gender. METHODS The study sample consists of 13,179 employees of Electricité de France-Gaz de France (EDF-GDF) who were members of the GAZEL occupational cohort in 1995. Combined work and family demands are assessed based on measures of job strain and number of dependants assessed at baseline (1995). Covariates include occupational grade and demographic, behavioural and social variables assessed at baseline. Ratios of sickness absence days to total person-days contributed by each employee were established from administrative data between baseline and the end of follow-up in 2003. Rate ratios across levels of work-family demands were then calculated. Effect modification by gender and grade of employment was tested. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, individuals with the highest work-family demands had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.78 (95% CI 1.47-2.14) compared with low-demand workers. This association was independent of occupational grade and did not vary with gender. Results were not attributable solely to psychiatric sickness absences. CONCLUSION High work-family demands at baseline predict long-term all-cause sickness absence across a socio-economically diverse occupational cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Sabbath
- 1Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Melchior M, Choquet M, Le Strat Y, Hassler C, Gorwood P. Parental alcohol dependence, socioeconomic disadvantage and alcohol and cannabis dependence among young adults in the community. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 26:13-7. [PMID: 20627470 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that socioeconomic disadvantage exacerbates the intergenerational transmission of substance dependence. Among 3056 community-based young adults (18-22 years, 2007), the prevalence of alcohol dependence (WHO AUDIT, 5.8%) and cannabis dependence (DSM IV criteria, 7.3%) was doubled in the presence of combined parental alcohol dependence and socioeconomic disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Melchior
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, 16, avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, 948070 Villejuif, France.
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Nabi H, Chastang JF, Lefèvre T, Dugravot A, Melchior M, Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, Kivimäki M, Singh-Manoux A. Trajectories of depressive episodes and hypertension over 24 years: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Hypertension 2011; 57:710-6. [PMID: 21339474 PMCID: PMC3065997 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.164061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prospective data on depressive symptoms and blood pressure are scarce, and the impact of age on this association is poorly understood. The present study examines longitudinal trajectories of depressive episodes and the probability of hypertension associated with these trajectories over time. Participants were 6889 men and 3413 women, London-based civil servants aged 35 to 55 years at baseline, followed for 24 years between 1985 and 2009. Depressive episode (defined as scoring≥4 on the General Health Questionnaire-Depression subscale or using prescribed antidepressant medication) and hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication) were assessed concurrently at 5 medical examinations. In the fully adjusted longitudinal logistic regression analyses based on generalized estimating equations using age as the time scale, participants in the "increasing depression" group had a 24% (P<0.05) lower risk of hypertension at ages 35 to 39 years compared with those in the "low/transient depression" group. However, there was a faster age-related increase in hypertension in the increasing depression group, corresponding with a 7% (P<0.01) greater increase in the odds of hypertension for each 5-year increase in age. A higher risk of hypertension in the first group of participants was not evident before 55 years of age. A similar pattern of association was observed in men and women, although it was stronger in men. This study suggests that the risk of hypertension increases with repeated experience of depressive episodes over time and becomes evident in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Nabi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health/U1018, Université de Versailles St Quentin, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment 15/16, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Ferrie JE, Kivimäki M, Westerlund H, Head J, Melchior M, Singh-Manoux A, Zins M, Goldberg M, Alexanderson K, Vahtera J. Differences in the association between sickness absence and long-term sub-optimal health by occupational position: a 14-year follow-up in the GAZEL cohort. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:729-33. [PMID: 21242277 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2010.060210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although sickness absence is a strong predictor of health, whether this association varies by occupational position has rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of future long-term sub-optimal health by occupational position. METHODS This was a prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness absences (1990-1992), included in 13 diagnostic categories, were examined by occupational position in relation to self-rated health measured annually during 1993-2006. RESULTS 60% of employees in higher occupational positions and 22% in lower positions had no sickness absence. Conversely, 9.5% of employees in higher positions and 40% in lower positions had over 30 sick-leave days. Repeated-measures logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and chronic disease showed employees with over 30 days absence, compared to those with no absence, had approximately double the risk of sub-optimal health over the 14-year follow-up in all occupational positions. 1-30 days sick-leave was associated with greater odds of sub-optimal health in the high (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.72) and intermediate (1.29; 1.15 to 1.45) but not lower occupational positions (1.06; 0.82 to 1.38). Differences by occupational position in the association between sickness absence in 13 specific diagnostic categories and sub-optimal health over the ensuing 14 years were limited to stronger associations observed with cancer and mental disorders in the higher occupational positions. CONCLUSIONS The association between sickness absence of more than 30 days over 3 years and future long-term self-rated health appears to differ little by occupational position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Ferrie
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Melchior M, Chastang JF, Walburg V, Arseneault L, Galéra C, Fombonne E. Family income and youths' symptoms of depression and anxiety: a longitudinal study of the French GAZEL Youth cohort. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27:1095-103. [PMID: 21132845 DOI: 10.1002/da.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear whether socioeconomic inequalities with regard to depression and anxiety are present in adolescence and young adulthood. We tested the hypothesis that in the community, youths growing up in families with low income have elevated rates of such psychological difficulties. METHODS We used data from participants of the GAZEL Youth study, a French community-based cohort assessed in 1991 and 1999 (n = 941 youths, 4-18 years of age at baseline). Measures of family income and youths' symptoms of depression and anxiety (assessed using the ASEBA family of instruments) were obtained from parents and youths at study baseline and follow-up. Covariates included family characteristics (parental divorce, parental unemployment or labor force exit, parental health difficulties including psychopathology and the quality of family relations) and youths' characteristics (sex, age, stressful life events, history of internalizing and externalizing problems). RESULTS Youths from families with low income during the study period had elevated odds of symptoms of depression and anxiety at follow-up (compared to youths from families with intermediate/high income, age-adjusted OR: 1.74, 95% CI 1.17-2.57; fully adjusted OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.27-2.97). In particular, the likelihood of psychological difficulties was elevated among youths from families that experienced decreasing and persistently low income over time (fully adjusted ORs, respectively: 2.44, 95% CI 1.24-4.81 and 1. 83, 95% 1.10-3.06). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians need to be aware that youths growing up in low-income families in the community may be at risk of depression and anxiety during the period of transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Inserm U1018, CESP, YMRS1018, Villejuif, France.
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Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J, Melchior M, Leineweber C, Jokela M, Siegrist J, Goldberg M, Zins M, Kivimäki M. Effect of retirement on major chronic conditions and fatigue: French GAZEL occupational cohort study. BMJ 2010; 341:c6149. [PMID: 21098617 PMCID: PMC2990862 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine, using longitudinal analyses, if retirement is followed by a change in the risk of incident chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, and fatigue. Design Prospective study with repeat measures from 7 years before to 7 years after retirement. SETTING Large French occupational cohort (the GAZEL study), 1989-2007. Participants 11 246 men and 2858 women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Respiratory disease, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, mental fatigue, and physical fatigue, measured annually by self report over the 15 year observation period; depressive symptoms measured at four time points. RESULTS The average number of repeat measurements per participant was 12.1. Repeated measures logistic regression with generalised estimating equations showed that the cumulative prevalence of self reported respiratory disease, diabetes, and coronary heart disease and stroke increased with age, with no break in the trend around retirement. In contrast, retirement was associated with a substantial decrease in the prevalence of both mental fatigue (odds ratio for fatigue one year after versus one year before retirement 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.21) and physical fatigue (0.27, 0.26 to 0.30). A major decrease was also observed in depressive symptoms (0.60, 0.53 to 0.67). The decrease in fatigue around retirement was more pronounced among people with a chronic disease before retirement. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal modelling of repeat data showed that retirement did not change the risk of major chronic diseases but was associated with a substantial reduction in mental and physical fatigue and depressive symptoms, particularly among people with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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