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Altug S, Li C, Marek M, Güçlü SZ, Kim Y, Meshref MM, Qin S, Krejcy K, Reece WH. Smoking and prognostic factors in an observational setting in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC; B9E-AA-B004). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Qin S, Murthi P, Brennecke S, Kalionis B. 218. Homeobox gene HLX is expressed in choriodecidua mesenchymal stem cells and regulates their ability to migrate. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/srb08abs218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be prepared from the placenta (PMSC) and the choriodecidua component of the fetal membranes (CDMSC). PMSCs and CDMSCs share basic stem cell properties with adult MSCs but differ in their gene expression profiles and ultrastructure, showing features of more primitive and metabolically quiescent stem cells (1). Homeobox gene transcription factors are critical markers for identifying stem cells and they regulate important stem cell functions. Our laboratory showed the homeobox gene HLX is expressed in the placenta and the choriodecidua component of the fetal membranes, and is a regulator of proliferation in placental cells (2). In this study, our aim was to determine whether HLX was expressed in CDMSCs and to use short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to specifically inactivate HLX and determine the effect on CDMSC function. Complementary DNA was prepared from CDMSCs and RT–PCR using HLX-specific primers generated the expected band size of 485bp following agarose gel electrophoresis (n = 3). At the protein level, HLX expression was detected in the nuclei of CDMSCs using immunocytochemistry. The expected HLX protein product was detected at ~50kDa using western blotting (n = 3). Conditions were optimised for the use of short interfering RNAs (siRNA) to decrease HLX expression in CDMSCs with 5nM giving the most efficient downregulation. Two independent siRNAs were tested (HLXsi3–4) and of these, HLXsi4 resulted in significantly decreased HLX mRNA levels in CDMSCs as shown by real-time PCR (0.66 ± 0.08, P = 0.03, n = 3). Functional assays to measure stem cell migration were carried out in quadriplicates on two samples. 10000 cells were placed on one side of a filter and the number of cells that migrated to the other side of the filter was stained and densitometric analysis was carried out using Axiovision image analysis software. These results suggest that the HLXsi4-mediated decrease in HLX expression resulted in reduced CDMSC migration (2.6x103 ± 401 v. 1.3x103 ± 225 densitometric units, P = 0.02). Therefore, HLX may play a role in stem cell migration.
(1) Pasquinelli G, Tazzari P, Ricci F, Vaselli C, Buzzi M, Conte R, Orrico C, Foroni L, Stella A, Alviano F, Bagnara GP and Lucarelli E., Ultrastructural characteristics of human mesenchymal stromal.
(2) Rajaraman G, Murthi P, Quinn L, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Homeodomain protein HLX is expressed primarily in cytotrophoblast cell types in the early pregnancy human placenta. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2008.
(3) Rajaraman G, Murthi P, Leo B, Brennecke SP and Kalionis B. Homeobox gene HLX1 is a regulator of colony stimulating factor-1 dependent trophoblast cell proliferation. Placenta. 2007. 28(10):991–8.
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Waldmann H, Cobbold S, Qin S, Benjamin R, Nash T, Welsh J, Tarnesby G. Monoclonal antibodies for the depletion of specific subpopulations of lymphocytes. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 129:194-208. [PMID: 3315502 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513484.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of rat monoclonal antibodies of the IgG2b subclass have been used to deplete mice of T lymphocyte subsets. It has been possible to produce long-term depletion where antibodies are administered to mice thymectomized in their adult life, or short-term depletion in euthymic animals. It is therefore feasible to ablate a T lymphocyte subpopulation at any stage in the course of an immune response and to examine in detail the role of a particular subset in the induction or effector phases of that response. We have used such ablative procedures to define the T cell subsets which participate in graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, antigenic competition and antiviral and anti-self immunity and have attempted to exploit such knowledge to establish immunological tolerance in an adult animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Waldmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Altug S, Li C, Marek M, Guclu S, Kim Y, Meshref M, Qin S, Krejcy K, Reece W. Smoking and prognostic factors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18048 Background: The aim of this prospective, multi-country, observational study (B9E-AA-B004) is to estimate the effect of prognostic factors, including continued smoking during therapy, on treatment outcomes in patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC receiving first- line chemotherapy with a gemcitabine (gem)-platinum combination as part of their routine care. Methods: Major eligibility criteria included: tissue diagnosis of advanced stage IIIB/IV NSCLC not amenable to curative surgery/radiotherapy; no prior chemotherapy; ECOG performance status (PS) 0 or 1; and written informed consent. A predictive model was constructed and validated by splitting the data at random by centre into two datasets in a ratio of 3:1 Construction:Validation. The primary and secondary endpoints are the effect of prognostic factors on survival and selected adverse events (AEs), respectively. The association of smoking with outcomes was tested in the Construction dataset. Results: This interim analysis to assess the effect of prognostic factors on AEs occurred when all pts had completed treatment. 1214 pts were enrolled: 75.1% male; mean age 60.5 yr, range 23–86 yr; 57.1% Stage IV; 66.2% PS 1; 69.4% received gem-cis, 30.5% gem-carb; 25.7% had never smoked, 70.8% had ever smoked and 11.2% continued smoking during therapy. 22.0% of pts had =1 AE. After variable selection in the Construction database (891 pts) the following factors were associated with an AE possibly related to therapy: disease stage (IV vs III, odds ratio (OR) =1.48, p=0.034), weight loss >10% (OR=0.60, p=0.017), age (<70 vs =70, OR=0.66, p=0.046), treatment (gem- carb vs gem-cis, OR=1.5, p=0.04), pain at baseline (present vs absent, OR=1.5, p=0.03), country (OR vs Taiwan ranged from 0.32 (Israel) to 4.2 (Egypt), p<0.0001). Sex (F vs M, OR=0.86) was then added to the model because of its clinical importance. There was a trend towards a higher probability of an AE with continued smoking during therapy (OR=1.4), but this was not statistically significant (p=0.28). Conclusions: This model can be used to improve the prediction of whether patients are likely to experience treatment-related AEs. While the trend was for a greater AE rate in pts who continued to smoke during therapy, this was not proven. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Altug
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. Li
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Marek
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Guclu
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Y. Kim
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Meshref
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Qin
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - K. Krejcy
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - W. Reece
- Eli Lilly Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey; Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; Bystra Hospital, Bystra, Poland; Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan Choong Nam, Republic of Korea; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China; Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria; Eli Lilly Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Wang J, Li J, Qin S, Liu T, Ye Z, Zheng L, Tao M, Zhuang Z, Zhang Q, Xu N, Zhang Y. Randomized multicenter phase III trial of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed compared to oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil and leucovorin treatment in recurrent and metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4102 Purpose: To compare oxaliplatin (L-OHP) plus raltitrexed (RTX) with L-OHP plus fluorouracil and leucovorin (LV/5FU) for patients (pts) with recurrent and metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC). Methods: Eligible pts had to have histologically proven recurrent or metastatic CRC,not having previously received oxaliplatin as palliative chemotherapy,ECOG PS = 2,age:18∼70,and adequate hematological,renal and hepatic function.After written informed consent,pts were randomized to L-OHP:130 mg/m2 d1 + RTX: 3 mg/m2 d1 (Arm A) or + LV: 200 mg/m2 + 5FU:375 mg/m2 d1–5 (Arm B). Results: Between Jan 2005 and July 2006, 216 pts were enrolled at 15 centers in China.112 pts (mean age: 55.0 (19∼70), M/F: 57/46, PS 0/1/2: 46/53/13) were randomly assigned to A and 102 (mean age: 54.2(22∼70), M/F: 54/46, PS 0/1/2: 44/59/9) to B. 203 pts were eligible for response evaluation (A:103, B:100).The median number of cycles was 4 (1∼6) in A and 3 (1∼6) in B (P=0.1431).The RR was 29.1% (CR:2, PR:28, SD:50 , PD:23) in A and 17.0% (CR:2, PR:15, SD:46 , PD:37) in B (P=0.0437).The disease-control rate was 77.7% in A and 63.0% in B (P=0.0237). After a median follow-up of 10 months (4–16.5),92 pts had had progression of disease (40 in A and 52 in B); 73 deaths had occurred (35 in A and 38 in B), median time to progression was not reached. Following-up is ongoing.The median QoL scores for the two arms were comparable. 214 were included in the safety analyses (A:112, B:102). There was a higher incidence of neutropenia (48.2% verse 29.4%, P=0.005) and transaminase increase (49.1% verse 35.3%, P=0.041) among A. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was much common in pts in A than those in B (20.5% verse 4.9% , P=0.001), but was complicated by fever in only 3.6% of cases (4 pts) in A and in 2.9% of cases (3 pts) in B. No pts were dead or infectious due to neutropenia. There were similar rates of grade 3 or 4 transaminase elevation in the two groups. Vomitting and anorexia were much commoner with B. Conclusions: The L-OHP+RTX seems beneficial in recurrent and metastatic CRC, demonstrating better response rate and higher disease control rate with acceptable tolerability, maintenance of QoL and convenient administration schedule. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - J. Li
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - S. Qin
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - T. Liu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - Z. Ye
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - L. Zheng
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - M. Tao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - Z. Zhuang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - Q. Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - N. Xu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
| | - Y. Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; BaYi Hospital, Nanjin, China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; No 1 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; No 2 Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; No 1 Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Hospital of Zhejiang Province,
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Zhang A, Xing Q, Qin S, Du J, Wang L, Yu L, Li X, Xu L, Xu M, Feng G, He L. Intra-ethnic differences in genetic variants of the UGT-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene in Chinese populations. Pharmacogenomics J 2006; 7:333-8. [PMID: 17060921 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Variants within the human UGT1A1 gene are associated with irinotecan induced severely adverse reactions and hyperbilirubinemia. Intra-ethnic differences in the genetic variation and haplotypes of UGT1A1 gene have been analyzed in the present study. Relationship between the concentrations of total serum bilirubin (T-bil) and haplotype structure of UGT1A1 in healthy people were also evaluated. We genotyped five functional polymorphisms including -3279T>G and -3156G>A in the enhancer region, (TA)6>7 in the TATA box, and 211G>A (G71R), 686C>A (P229Q) in the exon1 region of UGT1A1 in three groups of healthy Chinese ethnic populations, consisting of 264 subjects of She origin, 539 of Han origin and 273 of Dong origin. The distribution of -3279T>G, (TA)6>7, 211G>A of UGT1A1 differed greatly as between the three ethnic groups. All of six haplotypes differed considerably between at least two of the three groups, which highlighted the need to analyze clinically irinotecan toxicity relevant SNPs and haplotypes in a variety of different racial groups within the Chinese population. Total bilirubin concentration in homozygous carriers of the -3279G and (TA)7 allele were significantly higher than those in heterozygous carriers or homozygous carriers of wild-type alleles. Carriers of the variant haplotypes (-3279G; -3156A; (TA)7; 211G; 686C) had higher serum T-Bil concentrations compared with the other groups. Our results indicate that heterogeneity among different ethnic populations is possibly the result of microevolution and is relevant to studies into the effect of tailored drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zhang
- Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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207
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Meng CX, Wei W, Su ZL, Qin S. Characterization of carotenoid hydroxylase gene promoter in Haematococcus pluvialis. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2006; 43:284-8. [PMID: 17133734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a high-value ketocarotenoid is mainly used in fish aquaculture. It also has potential in human health due to its higher antioxidant capacity than beta-carotene and vitamin E. The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is known to accumulate astaxanthin in response to environmental stresses, such as high light intensity and salt stress. Carotenoid hydroxylase plays a key role in astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis. In this paper, we report the characterization of a promoter-like region (-378 to -22 bp) of carotenoid hydroxylase gene by cloning, sequence analysis and functional verification of its 919 bp 5'-flanking region in H. pluvialis. The 5'-flanking region was characterized using micro-particle bombardment method and transient expression of LacZ reporter gene. Results of sequence analysis showed that the 5'-flanking region might have putative cis-acting elements, such as ABA (abscisic acid)-responsive element (ABRE), C-repeat/dehydration responsive element (C-repeat/DRE), ethylene-responsive element (ERE), heat-shock element (HSE), wound-responsive element (WUN-motif), gibberellin-responsive element (P-box), MYB-binding site (MBS) etc., except for typical TATA and CCAAT boxes. Results of 5' deletions construct and beta-galactosidase assays revealed that a highest promoter-like region might exist from -378 to -22 bp and some negative regulatory elements might lie in the region from -919 to -378 bp. Results of site-directed mutagenesis of a putative C-repeat/DRE and an ABRE-like motif in the promoter-like region (-378 to -22 bp) indicated that the putative C-repeat/DRE and ABRE-like motif might be important for expression of carotenoid hydroxylase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C X Meng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Eom D, Qin S, Chou MY, Shih CK. Persistent superconductivity in ultrathin Pb films: a scanning tunneling spectroscopy study. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:027005. [PMID: 16486621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.027005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
By using a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope we have probed the superconducting energy gap of epitaxially grown Pb films as a function of the layer thickness in an ultrathin regime (5-18 ML). The layer-dependent energy gap and transition temperature (Tc) show persistent quantum oscillations down to the lowest thickness without any sign of suppression. Moreover, by comparison with the quantum-well states measured above Tc and the theoretical calculations, we found that the Tc oscillation correlates directly with the density of states oscillation at E(F) . The oscillation is manifested by the phase matching of the Fermi wavelength and the layer thickness, resulting in a bilayer periodicity modulated by a longer wavelength quantum beat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Eom
- Department of Physics and Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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209
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Ganji S, Qin S, Zhang L, Kamanna V, Kashyap M. Th-P16:335 Niacin inhibits oxidative stress & VCAM-1 transcription in human aortic endothelial cells: Antiatherogenic property of niacin beyond lipid regulation. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)82293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arienzo M, Gan J, Ernst F, Qin S, Bondarenko S, Sedlak DL. Loss pathways of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in turfgrass soils. J Environ Qual 2006; 35:285-92. [PMID: 16397104 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent carcinogen that is often present in municipal wastewater effluents. In a previous field study, it was observed that NDMA did not leach through turfgrass soils following 4 mo of intensive irrigation with NDMA-containing wastewater effluent. To better understand the loss pathways for NDMA in landscape irrigation systems, a mass balance approach was employed using in situ lysimeters treated with 14C-NDMA. When the lysimeters were subjected to irrigation and field conditions after NDMA application, very rapid dissipation of NDMA was observed for both types of soil used in the field plots. After only 4 h, total 14C activity in the lysimeters decreased to 19.1 to 26.1% of the applied amount, and less than 1% of the activity was detected below the 20-cm depth. Analysis of plant materials showed that less than 3% of the applied 14C was incorporated into the plants, suggesting only a minor role for plant uptake in removing NDMA from the vegetated soils. The rapid dissipation and limited downward movement of NDMA in the in situ lysimeters was consistent with the negligible leaching observed in the field study, and suggests volatilization as the only significant loss pathway. This conclusion was further corroborated by rapid NDMA volatilization found from water or a thin layer of soil under laboratory conditions. In a laboratory incubation experiment, prolonged wastewater irrigation did not result in enhanced NDMA degradation in the soil. Therefore, although NDMA may be present at relatively high levels in treated wastewater, gaseous diffusion and volatilization in unsaturated soils may effectively impede significant leaching of NDMA, minimizing the potential for ground water contamination from irrigation with treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arienzo
- Dip. Scienze del Suolo, Pianta e Ambiente, Univ. of Naples, Portici, 80055, Italy.
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Chen XB, Qin S. Effects of Processing Methods and Variety of Rapeseed Meal on Ruminal and Post Ruminal Amino Acids Digestibility. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2005.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kallinich T, Schmidt S, Hamelmann E, Fischer A, Qin S, Luttmann W, Virchow JC, Kroczek RA. Chemokine-receptor expression on T cells in lung compartments of challenged asthmatic patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:26-33. [PMID: 15649262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of chemokines with their receptors strongly influences the migration of leucocytes. OBJECTIVE In order to assess the contribution of these molecules to the local recruitment of T cells in bronchial asthma, we analysed the expression of 14 chemokine receptors on lung-derived T cells. METHODS Chemokine-receptor expression by T cells derived from the peripheral blood, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the bronchial mucosa was analysed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Expression profiles in healthy and mildly asthmatic individuals were compared, the latter prior and after segmental allergen provocation. RESULTS Compared with peripheral blood, alveolar T cells expressed significantly more CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CXCR3 and CCR4. However, no differences were observed between healthy controls and unchallenged asthmatics. In patients developing significant inflammatory responses following specific allergen challenge, a marked increase in the percentage of CCR4+ and CCR7+, and reduced numbers of CXCR3-bearing alveolar T cells were detected. Following specific allergen challenge, chemokine-receptor expression profiles of T cells from the alveolar space and the mucosa or the submucosa were similar, excluding a particular subcompartmentalization of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. CONCLUSION The expression of certain chemokine receptors by lung T cells suggests a contribution to the physiological recruitment of T cells to the lungs, both in healthy controls and unchallenged mild asthmatics. However, strong allergen-induced airway responses were associated with a specific chemokine-receptor profile, suggesting the involvement of certain chemokine receptors in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kallinich
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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213
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Keedwell RG, Zhao Y, Hammond LA, Wen K, Qin S, Atangan LI, Shurland DL, Wallace DMA, Bird R, Reitmair A, Chandraratna RAS, Brown G. An antagonist of retinoic acid receptors more effectively inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells than normal prostate epithelium. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:580-8. [PMID: 15266311 PMCID: PMC2409843 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of synthetic retinoids for activity against prostate carcinoma cell lines has identified antagonists of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) as potent growth inhibitors (Hammond et al, 2001, Br J Cancer 85, 453–462). Here we report that 5 days of exposure to a high-affinity pan-RAR antagonist (AGN194310) abolished growth of prostate carcinoma cells from 14 out of 14 patients, with half-maximal inhibition between 200 and 800 nM. It had similar effects (at ∼250 nM) on the prostate carcinoma lines LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3. AGN194310 inhibited the growth of normal prostate epithelium cells less potently, by 50% at ∼1 μM. The growth of tumour cells was also inhibited more than that of normal cells when RARβ together with RARγ, but not RARα alone, were antagonised. Treatment of LNCaP cells with AGN194310 arrested them in G1 of cell cycle within 12 h, with an accompanying rise in the level of p21waf1. The cells underwent apoptosis within 3 days, as indicated by mitochondrial depolarisation, Annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was caspase-independent: caspases were neither cleaved nor activated, and DNA fragmentation was unaffected by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. The ability of AGN 194310 to induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and its differential effect on malignant and normal prostate epithelial cells suggests that this compound may be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Keedwell
- Divisions of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L A Hammond
- Divisions of Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Wen
- Divisions of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - S Qin
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L I Atangan
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D-L Shurland
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D M A Wallace
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TH, USA
| | - R Bird
- Divisions of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Reitmair
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R A S Chandraratna
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
- Retinoid Research, Department of Chemistry, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - G Brown
- Divisions of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Divisions of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. E-mail:
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214
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Abstract
Plasma carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured in 12 patients with sepsis syndrome. CO concentrations were found to be significantly increased in patients compared with those in 30 normal controls. Patients with septic shock had significantly higher plasma CO concentrations than those without shock. Results suggest that CO might play an important role in paediatric sepsis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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215
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Jiang P, Qin S, Tseng CK. Expression of the lacZ reporter gene in sporophytes of the seaweed Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) by gametophyte-targeted transformation. Plant Cell Rep 2003; 21:1211-6. [PMID: 12819923 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2002] [Revised: 04/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The seaweed Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) has a two-generation life cycle consisting of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. Female and/or male gametophytes were transformed using particle bombardment and the histological LacZ assay was performed on sporophytes generated by either parthenogenesis or inbreeding. Female gametophyte-targeted transformation resulted in similar lower efficiencies in both parthenogenetic and zygotic sporophytes, and only a chimeric expression pattern was observed. Male gametophyte-targeted transformation led to a higher efficiency, with 3.5% of the zygotic sporophytes stained completely blue (all-blue), implying the integration of lacZ at the one-cell stage. Polymerase chain reaction analysis using primers specific for a lacZ-vector juncture fragment and subsequent blotting indicated the presence of the introduced gene in the sporophytes. The method reported here has a potential for seaweed transformation using spore-based bombardment followed by the developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, P.R. China
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216
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Zhang J, Qin S, Sait SN, Haley LL, Henry WM, Higgins MJ, Nowak NJ, Shows TB, Gerhard DS. The pericentromeric region of human chromosome 11: evidence for a chromosome-specific duplication. Cytogenet Genome Res 2002; 94:137-41. [PMID: 11856870 DOI: 10.1159/000048805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a chromosome duplication in the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 11 located in 11p11 and 11q14. A detailed physical map of each duplicated region was generated to describe the nature of the duplication, the involvement at the centromere and to resolve the correct maps. All clones were evaluated to ensure they were representative of their genetic origin. The order of clones, based on their marker content, as well as the distance covered was determined by SEGMAP. Each duplication encompasses more than 1 Mb of DNA and appears to be chromosome 11 specific. Ten STS markers were mapped within each duplication. Comparative sequence analysis along the duplication identified 35 nucleotide changes in 2,036 bp between the two copies, suggesting the duplication occurred over 14 million years ago. A suggested organization of the pericentromeric region, including the duplications and alpha-related repetitive sequences, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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217
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Goddard S, Williams A, Morland C, Qin S, Gladue R, Hubscher SG, Adams DH. Differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors shapes the inflammatory response in rejecting human liver transplants. Transplantation 2001; 72:1957-67. [PMID: 11773896 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200112270-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft rejection after liver transplantation is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate, the nature of which will be determined by, among various factors, the local activity of chemokines that attract particular subsets of effector cells to the graft. METHODS The expression of chemokines and receptors in human liver allografts was studied by immunohistochemistry of tissue and flow cytometry of blood and liver-derived lymphocytes. Receptor function was assessed with in vitro chemotaxis. RESULTS We report increased expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR5 on circulating and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes after liver transplantation. Liver-derived T cells responded to the ligands for these receptors in vitro, which suggests that the receptors are functionally active. The chemokine ligands for these receptors were detected in rejecting allografts. CXCR3 ligands interferon-inducible protein 10 and monokine-induced by gamma interferon were detected on sinusoidal endothelium and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant was detected on portal and hepatic vascular endothelium, whereas the CXCR4 ligand, stromal-derived factor (SDF), was restricted to biliary epithelium. CCR5 ligands have previously been shown on portal endothelium. An in vitro model of T-cell alloactivation demonstrated a similar pattern of expression of functional CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR5 on T cells. Increased expression of chemokine receptors, especially CCR3 and CCR5, was associated with redistribution of activated Kupffer cells in rejecting grafts. CONCLUSIONS The patterns of chemokine expression in liver allografts during rejection suggest that the recruitment and positioning of lymphocytes is mediated by specific chemokines. Although ligands for the receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 are important for recruitment, the restriction of SDF to bile ducts suggests that CXCR4 may be involved in the retention of alloactivated lymphocytes at sites of graft damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goddard
- Liver Research Laboratories, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, The University of Birmingham, UK
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218
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chemokines and their receptors are important for lymphocyte trafficking into the inflamed joint. This study was undertaken to characterize the expression of chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CXCR3, and CX3CR1 in normal (NL) peripheral blood (PB), RA PB, and RA synovial fluid (SF). METHODS Using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and 2-color immunofluorescence, we defined the expression of chemokine receptors on CD3+ T lymphocytes in RA synovial tissue (ST), RA SF, RA PB, and NL PB. RESULTS The percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes expressing CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, and CX3CR1 was significantly elevated in RA PB compared with that in NL PB, while the percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes expressing CCR5 was significantly enhanced in RA SF compared with that in NL and RA PB. In contrast, similar percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes in NL PB, RA PB, and RA SF expressed CCR6 and CXCR3. Immunohistochemistry of RA ST showed lymphocyte expression of CCR4, and 2-color immunofluorescence staining revealed RA ST CD3+ lymphocytes intensely immunoreactive for CXCR3, suggesting that these 2 receptors may be particularly important for CD3+ lymphocyte trafficking to the inflamed joint. In comparisons of chemokine receptor expression on naive (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD3+ lymphocytes, there were greater percentages of memory CD3+/CD4+ lymphocytes expressing CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3 than naive CD3+/CD4+ lymphocytes in RA PB and RA SF, and greater percentages of memory CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes expressing CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3 than naive CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes in RA SF, suggesting receptor up-regulation upon lymphocyte activation. In contrast, percentages of CD3+/CD8+ memory lymphocytes expressing CX3CR1 were significantly less than percentages of naive CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes in RA PB, suggesting that this receptor may be down-regulated upon lymphocyte activation. A major difference between the RA PB and NL PB groups was significantly more CCR4+ memory leukocytes and memory CCR5+/ CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes in RA PB than NL PB, further suggesting that these receptors may be particularly important for lymphocyte homing to the RA joint. CONCLUSION These results identify CCR4, CCR5, CXCR3, and CX3CR1 as critical chemokine receptors in RA.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Joints/chemistry
- Joints/immunology
- Receptors, CCR4
- Receptors, CCR5/analysis
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/analysis
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/analysis
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, HIV/analysis
- Receptors, HIV/immunology
- Synovial Fluid/chemistry
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ruth
- Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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219
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Liu S, Qin S, Wang J. [Clinical and cytogenetic analysis of patients with lymphoid malignancies carrying 14q32 abnormality]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:569-72. [PMID: 11855143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of patients with lymphoid malignancies (LM) harboring 14q32 abnormalities. METHODS The cases with 14q32 aberrations in 225 patients with various LM were analyzed by clinical data. RESULTS Fifteen (6.67%) patients with abnormalities involving 14q32 were found and the pattern of 14q32 aberration was associated with different types of LM. t(8;14)(q24;q32) was the commonest karyotypic aberration and predominant in acute leukemias. There was no consistent profile morphologically and immunophenotypically in the involving leukemias, however there were common clinical and prognostic features and often with an additional characteristic abnormality of ins(1;6)(q11;q23q27). One case of myelodysplasia (MDS) secondary to multiple myeloma displayed t(7;14)(q34;q32) in primary clone and additional 7q- and 20q- in derivative clone that was frequently involved in MDS. CONCLUSIONS 14q32 abnormalities and additional chromosomal alterations can facilitate the diagnosis and prognostic assessment for the involving LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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220
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Qian J, Qin S, He Z. [Arsenic trioxide in the treatment of advanced primary liver and gallbladder cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001; 23:487-9. [PMID: 11859717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect and toxicity of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in treating primary liver and gallbladder cancer. METHODS Twenty-nine advanced primary liver cancer and 4 gallbladder cancer patients were treated with As2O3 injection only, 15 mg i.v. qd for 14-21 days and was repeated after 2 weeks. RESULTS The overall response rate was 15.2%, 13.8% in primary liver cancer (PR 4, NC 21 and PD 4). It was 25.0% in gallbladder cancer (CR 1, NC 2, PD 1). The major side reactions were mild bone marrow suppression and hepatic functional damage. CONCLUSION As2O3 injection is effective in treating primary liver and gallbladder cancer with mild side reactions. It is worth studying in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qian
- Oncology Center, 81 Hospital, PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
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221
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Liu S, Li Q, Pang W, Bo L, Qin S, Liu X, Teng Q, Qian L, Wang J. A new complex variant t(4;15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia: fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmation and literature review. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 130:33-7. [PMID: 11672771 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a 37-year-old male with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) harboring a complex translocation (4;15;17). Karyotypic analysis with R-banding of bone marrow cells revealed 46,XY,t(4;15;17)(q21;q22;q21). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using painting probes for chromosomes 4, 15 and 17 and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed three derivative chromosomes: der(4)t(4;15)(q21;q22), der(15)t(4;15;17)(q21;q22;q21), and del(17)(q21q22). This is the third report of such a translocation and the first confirmed by molecular methods. Considering reported similar cases, it is possible that 4q21 is a nonrandom breakpoint in APL with complex translocations and the gene involved in 4q21 should be investigated.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Hematological Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, 300020, Tianjin, China
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222
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Zahm DS, Grosu S, Williams EA, Qin S, Bérod A. Neurons of origin of the neurotensinergic plexus enmeshing the ventral tegmental area in rat: retrograde labeling and in situ hybridization combined. Neuroscience 2001; 104:841-51. [PMID: 11440814 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and physiological substrates that underlie the mutual regulatory interactions of neurotensin and dopamine in the rat mesotelencephalic projections and related structures remain to be fully described. A salient candidate for neurotensinergic effects on the mesotelencephalic dopamine projection is the dense plexus of neurotensin immunoreactive axons that enmeshes the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra, but the locations of the neurons that give rise to this plexus have not been identified and its systemic context remains obscure. To address this, Fluoro-Gold and the cholera toxin beta subunit, retrogradely transported axonal tracers, were injected into the ventral tegmental area of rats and the brains were processed to demonstrate neurons that contained both retrograde tracer immunoreactivity and a probe against neurotensin/neuromedin N messenger RNA. Substantial numbers of double-labeled neurons were observed in the rostral part of the lateral septum, and in a region centered on the shared boundaries of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, ventromedial ventral pallidum, diagonal band of Broca, lateral preoptic area and rostral lateral hypothalamus. A few double-labeled neurons were also observed in the dorsal raphe nucleus and adjacent periaqueductal gray. Despite the administration of haloperidol and D-amphetamine to elicit and enhance neurotensin/neuromedin N messenger RNA expression in striatum, including the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, no double-labeled neurons were observed there. These results identify a novel brain substrate for control of midbrain dopamine levels, which affect reward mechanisms and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Zahm
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA.
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223
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Campbell JJ, Qin S, Unutmaz D, Soler D, Murphy KE, Hodge MR, Wu L, Butcher EC. Unique subpopulations of CD56+ NK and NK-T peripheral blood lymphocytes identified by chemokine receptor expression repertoire. J Immunol 2001; 166:6477-82. [PMID: 11359797 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD56, an adhesion molecule closely related to neural cell adhesion molecule, is an immunophenotypic marker for several unique populations of PBLS: Although CD56(+) cells derive from multiple lymphocyte lineages, they share a role in immunosurveillance and antitumor responses. We have studied the chemokine receptor expression patterns and functional migratory responses of three distinct CD56(+) populations from human peripheral blood. NK-T cells were found to differ greatly from NK cells, and CD16(+) NK cells from CD16(-) NK cells. CD16(+) NK cells were the predominant population responding to IL-8 and fractalkine, whereas NK-T cells were the predominant population responding to the CCR5 ligand macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta. CD16(-) NK cells were the only CD56(+) population that uniformly expressed trafficking molecules necessary for homing into secondary lymphoid organs through high endothelial venule. These findings describe a diverse population of cells that may have trafficking patterns entirely different from each other, and from other lymphocyte types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Campbell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Room BD-401, Boston, MA 02115.
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224
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Zhao L, Zhou T, Qin S, Liu L, Liu C, Tang H, Lei B. [Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity induced by genetic immunization with NV-HC/NS]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2001; 9:203-5. [PMID: 11532235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic effects of DNA vaccine (NV-HC/NS(3)) after inoculation of mice by target tumor loading technique. METHODS Before or after inoculation with NV-HC/NS(3) intramuscularly, BALB/c mice in the experimental group were planted with target tumor cells (SP2/0-NS(3)), which were derived from BALB/c mice and stably transfected with the recombinant plasmid NV-HC/NS(3). Tumor growth and survival rate of the mice immunized with NV-HC/NS(3) were compared with those in the control group. RESULTS Tumor mass grew well in all mice in the control group in a few days, while no visible tumor mass growth in 40% mice immunized with NV-HC/NS(3) could be seen. The survival rate and life span of mice in the experimental group were significantly longer than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Specific immune activity could be induced by immunization with NV-HC/NS(3). Such effects are immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases of Sichuan Province, First University Hospital, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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225
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Xi S, Qin S, Deng L, Yang J. [Molecular spectral diagnosis of star forming regions]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:456-458. [PMID: 12945260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stars are the basic building blocks of our universe, therefore it is one of the most important research topics in astrophysics to understand the origin and the early evolution of these objects. The current picture is that stars are formed during the collapse of a large enough self-gravitating interstellar molecular cloud. The early collapse gives birth to a fetus of a star, which is surrounded by a rotating accretion disk. The proto-star accretes interstellar matter through the disk which in turn transfer the accumulated matter to the central proto-star, then the star gets weight during the process. Observation shows that gorgeous ejection of matter always come along with the accretion process. In the presence of disks, these outflows usually escape from the system along the axis of the disk, forming so called bipolar outflows. Typical tracers of these activities are rich molecules such as CO, SiC2, C3H, C3H2 etc. Observationally, such typical molecular outflows can be detected using Doppler effect by spectroscopic measurements. Using the 13.7 m radio telescope in Delingha station of Purple Mountain Observatory, we performed a survey for 12 low temperature IRAS objects, some of the sources show high velocity properties. Detailed analysis of the Doppler profiles of IRS34 is presented. Star forming activities are clearly seen in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xi
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing
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226
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Abstract
Using Btk-deficient DT40 cells and the transfectants expressing wild-type Btk or Btk mutants in either kinase (Arg(525) to Gln), Src homology 2 (SH2, Arg(307) to Ala), or pleckstrin homology (PH, Arg(28) to Cys) domains, we investigated the roles and structure-function relationships of Btk in hydrogen peroxide-induced calcium mobilization. Our genetic evidence showed that Btk deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide-induced calcium response. This impaired calcium signaling is correlated with the complete elimination of IP3 production and the significantly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2 in Btk-deficient DT40 cells. All of these defects were fully restored by the expression of wild-type Btk in Btk-deficient DT40 cells. The data from the point mutation study revealed that a defect at any one of the three functional domains would prevent a full recovery of Btk-mediated hydrogen peroxide-induced intracellular calcium mobilization. However, mutation at either the SH2 or PH domain did not affect the hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of Btk. Mutation at the SH2 domain abrogates both IP3 generation and calcium release, while the mutant with the nonfunctional PH domain can partially activate PLCgamma2 and catalyze IP3 production but fails to produce significant calcium mobilization. Thus, these observations suggest that Btk-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2 is required but not sufficient for hydrogen peroxide-induced calcium mobilization. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide stimulates a Syk-, but not Btk-, dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of B cell linker protein BLNK. The overall results, together with those reported earlier [Qin et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 7118], are consistent with the notion that functional SH2 and PH domains are required for Btk to form a complex with PLCgamma2 through BLNK in order to position the Btk, PLCgamma2, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in close proximity for efficient activation of PLCgamma2 and to maximize its catalytic efficiency for IP3 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 2134, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
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227
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Jiang XC, Qin S, Qiao C, Kawano K, Lin M, Skold A, Xiao X, Tall AR. Apolipoprotein B secretion and atherosclerosis are decreased in mice with phospholipid-transfer protein deficiency. Nat Med 2001; 7:847-52. [PMID: 11433351 DOI: 10.1038/89977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased secretion and levels of ApoB-containing lipoproteins (BLp) commonly occur in familial hyperlipidemia, obesity and diabetes. The plasma phospholipid-transfer protein (PLTP) is known to mediate transfer of phospholipids between BLp and HDL during their intravascular metabolism. To address a possible role of PLTP in dyslipidemia and atherogenesis, we bred mice deficient in the gene encoding PLTP (PLTP-deficient mice) using different hyperlipidemic mouse strains. In ApoB-transgenic and ApoE-deficient backgrounds, PLTP deficiency resulted in reduced production and levels of BLp and markedly decreased atherosclerosis. BLp secretion was diminished in hepatocytes from ApoB-transgenic PLTP-deficient mice, a defect that was corrected when PLTP was reintroduced in adenovirus. The studies reveal a major, unexpected role of PLTP in regulating the secretion of BLp and identify PLTP as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Jiang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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228
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Ozkaynak E, Gao W, Shemmeri N, Wang C, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Amaral J, Qin S, Rottman JB, Coyle AJ, Hancock WW. Importance of ICOS-B7RP-1 costimulation in acute and chronic allograft rejection. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:591-6. [PMID: 11429542 DOI: 10.1038/89731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary T cell activation requires B7-CD28 and CD40-CD154 costimulation, but effector T cell functions are considered to be largely independent of these costimulatory pathways. Although blockade of costimulation with cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig) or monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD154 prolongs allograft survival, chronic rejection follows, which suggests that additional key costimulatory pathways are active in vivo. We found that both antibody to inducible costimulator (anti-ICOS) and an ICOS-Ig fusion protein suppressed intragraft T cell activation and cytokine expression and prolonged allograft survival in a manner similar to that in ICOS-/- allograft recipients. The combination of anti-ICOS therapy and cyclosporin A led to permanent engraftment. In addition, ICOS-B7RP-1 costimulation was required for the development of chronic rejection after CD40-CD154 blockade. These data demonstrate a key role for the ICOS-B7RP-1 pathway in acute and chronic rejection and highlight the benefits of targeting this pathway in combination with the use of conventional immunosuppressive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ozkaynak
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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229
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Katschke KJ, Rottman JB, Ruth JH, Qin S, Wu L, LaRosa G, Ponath P, Park CC, Pope RM, Koch AE. Differential expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue monocytes/macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 44:1022-32. [PMID: 11352233 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200105)44:5<1022::aid-anr181>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since it is likely that monocytes utilize chemokines to migrate to the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint, we investigated the expression of C-C chemokine receptors (CCR) 1-6 and C-X-C receptor 3 (CXCR3) in the peripheral blood (PB), synovial fluid (SF), and synovial tissue of patients with RA as well as in the PB of normal subjects. METHODS We compared chemokine receptor expression on CD14+ monocytes from normal PB, RA PB, and RA SF using 2-color flow cytometry. Correlations with patient clinical data were determined. Chemokine and receptor expression were investigated in RA synovial tissue by immunohistochemistry and 2-color immunofluorescence to identify CD68+ macrophages. RESULTS Most normal PB monocytes expressed CCR1 (87%) and CCR2 (84%), but not CCRs 3, 4, 5, or 6 or CXCR3. RA PB monocytes expressed CCR1 (56%) and CCR2 (76%), with significantly more expressing CCR3 (18%), CCR4 (38%), and CCR5 (17%) compared with normal PB monocytes. Significantly fewer SF monocytes from RA patients expressed CCR1 (17%), CCR2 (24%), and CCR4 (6%) while significantly more expressed CCR3 (35%) and CCR5 (47%) compared with RA and normal PB monocytes; CCR6 and CXCR3 were rarely detected. Clinically, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was inversely correlated with the expression of CCR1 and CCR4 by RA PB, and CCR5 expression by RA SF was correlated with the SF white blood cell count. CCR1-, CCR2-, and CCR5-immunoreactive cells were found in RA synovial tissue and colocalized with CD68+ macrophages. RA synovial tissue RANTES (regulated upon activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted chemokine)- and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-immunoreactive cells colocalized with CCR1 and CCR2, respectively, on serial sections. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha) was principally restricted to vascular endothelium, and MIP-1beta+ macrophages were found throughout the sections. CONCLUSION Monocytes mainly express CCR1 and CCR2 in normal and RA PB, CCR3 and CCR5 in RA PB and RA SF, and CCR4 in RA PB. The differential expression of chemokine receptors suggests that certain receptors aid in monocyte recruitment from the circulation while others are important in monocyte retention in the joint.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/immunology
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL5/immunology
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR6
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR5
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/immunology
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Synovial Fluid/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/cytology
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Katschke
- Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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230
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Qin S, Tang H, Zhao L, Liu L, Lin Y. [Construction of recombinant plasmids containing genes of HBsAg and their expression in the eukaryotic cells]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 32:172-4. [PMID: 12600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct recombinant plasmids expressing L, M, S and pre-S1-S protein of HBsAg. METHODS Amplifying segments of S, pre-S2-S, pre-S1-pre-S2-S genes of HBV by PCR and amplifying segment of pre-S1-S by overlap extension PCR; inserting the segments into Rc/CMV and pSG5UTPL/Flag plasmids respectively and exploring their expressions by Western-Blot hybridization, identifying the inserting segments by sequencing. RESULTS The sequences of the inserted segments were the same as the genes of S, pre-S2-S, pre-S1-pre-S2-S and pre-S1-S and the results of Western-Blot hybridization were positive for the aimed proteins. CONCLUSION We have gained 8 recombinant plasmids expressing S, M, L and pre-S1-S proteins with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qin
- Viral Hepatitis Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, WCUMS, Chengdu 610041, China
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231
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Shi H, Deng J, Qin S, Chen Y, Yao L. [Antigen presentation of eosinophils in mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 81:544-8. [PMID: 11809120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether or not eosinophils can present antigen to T lymphocytes in vivo, and to further elucidate the process and characteristics of antigen-presentation by eosinophils in vivo. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin to recruit eosinophil infiltration into the airways. The airway eosinophils were purified and were labeled with a fluorescent dye. The labeled eosinophils were instilled into the mouse tracheas, fluorescent microscope was used to observe the migration of endobronchial eosinophils in vivo. Single cell suspension was prepared from paratracheal lymph nodes of mice receiving antigen-exposed eosinophil instillation, and flow cytometry was used to determine proliferation response of T cells and to identify the subset of responding T cells. RESULTS By 8 h after tracheal instillation, labeled eosinophils were visible in the subcapsular region and streaming through the subcapsular sinus (19.0 +/- 1.8/mm(2)). With increasing time, the numbers of eosinophils entering the regional lymph nodes increased, peaking at 24 h (59.2 +/- 7.2/mm(2)) and persisting for at least 120 h (29.6 +/- 2.8/mm(2)). In sensitized mice that received 5 x 10(5) antigen-exposed eosinophils, in vivo percentage of proliferating T cell in the paratracheal lymph nodes 1 d after eosinophil instillation (6.9% +/- 0.5%) were much higher than basic control value (3.2% +/- 0.3%, P < 0.01), peaked at day 3 (10.8% +/- 0.8%, P < 0.01), and then declined over 7 d (6.1% +/- 0.6%, P < 0.05). Eosinophil-induced in vivo T cell proliferation was antigen-specific, and the responding T cells were limited to CD4(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils within the lumina of airways can process inhaled antigens, traffick to regional lymph nodes and function in vivo as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate responses of CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shi
- Respiratory Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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232
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Till S, Jopling L, Wachholz P, Robson R, Qin S, Andrew D, Wu L, van Neerven J, Williams T, Durham S, Sabroe I. T cell phenotypes of the normal nasal mucosa: induction of Th2 cytokines and CCR3 expression by IL-4. J Immunol 2001; 166:2303-10. [PMID: 11160286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal environments such as that of the nose are points of first contact between the human organism and its environment. At these sites the immune system must be regulated to differentiate between and respond appropriately to pathogens and harmless contaminants. T cell-driven immune responses broadly fall into Th1- or Th2-type phenotypes, with increasing evidence that the recruitment of these T lymphocyte subsets is mediated by selective expression of specific chemokine receptors. We have investigated the immunology of the normal nasal mucosa. We show that nasal T cell lines from normal individuals, expanded by culture in IL-2, show reduced expression of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 compared with lines derived from the blood of the same subjects. These T cells also show reduced expression of the Th2-selective chemokine receptor, CCR3, but similar levels of CCR4 compared with the blood-derived lines. This apparent suppression of Th2 cytokine and CCR3 expression by nasal T cells was reversed by addition of IL-4 to the culture medium. These data are consistent with the presence of a nasal mucosal microenvironment that suppresses Th2 responses and may represent a protective measure against atopic allergic disease in humans and a favoring of Th1 responses to infectious agents. In contrast, T cell expression of CCR1 was higher in the nose than in the blood regardless of the culture medium cytokine environment in keeping with a role for this receptor in tissue homing or lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Till
- Upper Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute Division, and Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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233
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Brüls T, Gyapay G, Petit JL, Artiguenave F, Vico V, Qin S, Tin-Wollam AM, Da Silva C, Muselet D, Mavel D, Pelletier E, Levy M, Fujiyama A, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Rowen L, Hood L, Weissenbach J, Saurin W, Heilig R. A physical map of human chromosome 14. Nature 2001; 409:947-8. [PMID: 11237018 DOI: 10.1038/35057177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the construction of a tiling path of around 650 clones covering more than 99% of human chromosome 14. Clone overlap information to assemble the map was derived by comparing fully sequenced clones with a database of clone end sequences (sequence tag connector strategy). We selected homogeneously distributed seed points using an auxiliary high-resolution radiation hybrid map comprising 1,895 distinct positions. The high long-range continuity and low redundancy of the tiling path indicates that the sequence tag connector approach compares favourably with alternative mapping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brüls
- Genoscope and CNRS UMR 8030, Evry, France
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234
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Campbell JJ, Brightling CE, Symon FA, Qin S, Murphy KE, Hodge M, Andrew DP, Wu L, Butcher EC, Wardlaw AJ. Expression of chemokine receptors by lung T cells from normal and asthmatic subjects. J Immunol 2001; 166:2842-8. [PMID: 11160352 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lung is an important tertiary lymphoid organ with constant trafficking of T cells through the lung in both health and disease. T cell migration is controlled by a combination of adhesion receptors and chemokines expressed on vascular endothelium and in the tissue, often in an organ-specific manner. This leads to selective accumulation of different T cell subsets, a process called lymphocyte homing. There is evidence for a distinct lung-homing pathway, but no specific lung-homing receptors have been described. We analyzed the chemokine receptor profile of lung T cells to determine the extent to which lung T cells shared homing pathways with other organs such as the gut and skin. In addition, we compared expression of receptors in normal and asthmatic individuals to determine whether different pathways were used in health and disease. We observed that lung T cells expressed a profile of chemokine and adhesion receptors distinct from that of gut- and skin-homing T cells although no chemokine receptor specific for the lung was found. In particular, lung T cells expressed CCR5 and CXCR3, but not CCR9 or cutaneous lymphocyte Ag, and only low levels of CCR4 and alpha(4)beta(7). No differences were observed between lung T cells from normal vs asthmatic subjects. This study provides added support for the concept of a lung-homing pathway separate from other mucosal organs such as the gut and suggests that the chemokine pathways that control T cell migration in normal homeostasis and Th2-type inflammatory responses are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Campbell
- Institute for Lung Health and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Leicester University School of Medicine, Leicester, United Kingdom
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235
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Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K, Doyle M, FitzHugh W, Funke R, Gage D, Harris K, Heaford A, Howland J, Kann L, Lehoczky J, LeVine R, McEwan P, McKernan K, Meldrim J, Mesirov JP, Miranda C, Morris W, Naylor J, Raymond C, Rosetti M, Santos R, Sheridan A, Sougnez C, Stange-Thomann Y, Stojanovic N, Subramanian A, Wyman D, Rogers J, Sulston J, Ainscough R, Beck S, Bentley D, Burton J, Clee C, Carter N, Coulson A, Deadman R, Deloukas P, Dunham A, Dunham I, Durbin R, French L, Grafham D, Gregory S, Hubbard T, Humphray S, Hunt A, Jones M, Lloyd C, McMurray A, Matthews L, Mercer S, Milne S, Mullikin JC, Mungall A, Plumb R, Ross M, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Waterston RH, Wilson RK, Hillier LW, McPherson JD, Marra MA, Mardis ER, Fulton LA, Chinwalla AT, Pepin KH, Gish WR, Chissoe SL, Wendl MC, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Delehaunty A, Kramer JB, Cook LL, Fulton RS, Johnson DL, Minx PJ, Clifton SW, Hawkins T, Branscomb E, Predki P, Richardson P, Wenning S, Slezak T, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Olsen A, Lucas S, Elkin C, Uberbacher E, Frazier M, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Bouck JB, Sodergren EJ, Worley KC, Rives CM, Gorrell JH, Metzker ML, Naylor SL, Kucherlapati RS, Nelson DL, Weinstock GM, Sakaki Y, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Yada T, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Kawagoe C, Watanabe H, Totoki Y, Taylor T, Weissenbach J, Heilig R, Saurin W, Artiguenave F, Brottier P, Bruls T, Pelletier E, Robert C, Wincker P, Smith DR, Doucette-Stamm L, Rubenfield M, Weinstock K, Lee HM, Dubois J, Rosenthal A, Platzer M, Nyakatura G, Taudien S, Rump A, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Gu J, Hood L, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Davis RW, Federspiel NA, Abola AP, Proctor MJ, Myers RM, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Grimwood J, Cox DR, Olson MV, Kaul R, Raymond C, Shimizu N, Kawasaki K, Minoshima S, Evans GA, Athanasiou M, Schultz R, Roe BA, Chen F, Pan H, Ramser J, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, McCombie WR, de la Bastide M, Dedhia N, Blöcker H, Hornischer K, Nordsiek G, Agarwala R, Aravind L, Bailey JA, Bateman A, Batzoglou S, Birney E, Bork P, Brown DG, Burge CB, Cerutti L, Chen HC, Church D, Clamp M, Copley RR, Doerks T, Eddy SR, Eichler EE, Furey TS, Galagan J, Gilbert JG, Harmon C, Hayashizaki Y, Haussler D, Hermjakob H, Hokamp K, Jang W, Johnson LS, Jones TA, Kasif S, Kaspryzk A, Kennedy S, Kent WJ, Kitts P, Koonin EV, Korf I, Kulp D, Lancet D, Lowe TM, McLysaght A, Mikkelsen T, Moran JV, Mulder N, Pollara VJ, Ponting CP, Schuler G, Schultz J, Slater G, Smit AF, Stupka E, Szustakowki J, Thierry-Mieg D, Thierry-Mieg J, Wagner L, Wallis J, Wheeler R, Williams A, Wolf YI, Wolfe KH, Yang SP, Yeh RF, Collins F, Guyer MS, Peterson J, Felsenfeld A, Wetterstrand KA, Patrinos A, Morgan MJ, de Jong P, Catanese JJ, Osoegawa K, Shizuya H, Choi S, Chen YJ, Szustakowki J. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409:860-921. [PMID: 11237011 DOI: 10.1038/35057062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14509] [Impact Index Per Article: 630.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Lander
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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McPherson JD, Marra M, Hillier L, Waterston RH, Chinwalla A, Wallis J, Sekhon M, Wylie K, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Fulton R, Kucaba TA, Wagner-McPherson C, Barbazuk WB, Gregory SG, Humphray SJ, French L, Evans RS, Bethel G, Whittaker A, Holden JL, McCann OT, Dunham A, Soderlund C, Scott CE, Bentley DR, Schuler G, Chen HC, Jang W, Green ED, Idol JR, Maduro VV, Montgomery KT, Lee E, Miller A, Emerling S, Gibbs R, Scherer S, Gorrell JH, Sodergren E, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Tabor P, Naylor S, Garcia D, de Jong PJ, Catanese JJ, Nowak N, Osoegawa K, Qin S, Rowen L, Madan A, Dors M, Hood L, Trask B, Friedman C, Massa H, Cheung VG, Kirsch IR, Reid T, Yonescu R, Weissenbach J, Bruls T, Heilig R, Branscomb E, Olsen A, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Hawkins T, Myers RM, Shang J, Ramirez L, Schmutz J, Velasquez O, Dixon K, Stone NE, Cox DR, Haussler D, Kent WJ, Furey T, Rogic S, Kennedy S, Jones S, Rosenthal A, Wen G, Schilhabel M, Gloeckner G, Nyakatura G, Siebert R, Schlegelberger B, Korenberg J, Chen XN, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Toyoda A, Yada T, Park HS, Sakaki Y, Shimizu N, Asakawa S, Kawasaki K, Sasaki T, Shintani A, Shimizu A, Shibuya K, Kudoh J, Minoshima S, Ramser J, Seranski P, Hoff C, Poustka A, Reinhardt R, Lehrach H. A physical map of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409:934-41. [PMID: 11237014 DOI: 10.1038/35057157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human genome is by far the largest genome to be sequenced, and its size and complexity present many challenges for sequence assembly. The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium constructed a map of the whole genome to enable the selection of clones for sequencing and for the accurate assembly of the genome sequence. Here we report the construction of the whole-genome bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) map and its integration with previous landmark maps and information from mapping efforts focused on specific chromosomal regions. We also describe the integration of sequence data with the map.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McPherson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
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Liu S, Li Q, Han M, Pan W, Bo L, Qin S, Liu X, Li X, Qian L. [Dynamic monitoring of Ph positive cells during early post-transplant period in chronic granulocytic leukemia by interphase FISH]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:68-71. [PMID: 11877051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of transplantation and observe the kinetics of residual leukemic cells during early post-transplantation period in chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). METHODS Ten normal controls, seven untreated CGL patients and eleven CGL patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) were studied by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) with the FITC fluorescein labeled BCR probe. Conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were also employed. RESULTS The normal cutoff was defined as less than 6.68% (x +/- 3s) from the analysis of normal controls. The reproduciblity of FISH method was confirmed by serial dilutions by mixing Ph positive cells and normal cells. Forty specimens from 11 CGL patients at 1 week to 6 years post-BMT were investigated after PBSCT and the results showed that (1) FISH and RT-PCR could accurately evaluate Ph (+) cells during early transplantation period (within one month), but RT-PCR was more sensitive in six months after BMT. (2) Residual Ph (+) cells tended to be linear decreasing with the time after transplantation and fell in normal range in most samples three months later. The mean time of normaligation was 57 days (20 to 170 days). (3) One case relapsed and received a second transplantation. FISH presented more precise data for predicting relapse as compared to CCA and RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS I-FISH as a useful tool can not only offer more precise assessment of residual leukemic cells compared with CCA and RT-PCR, but also provide dynamic monitoring during early post-BMT period to evaluate the transplantation outcome and predict relapse.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Institute of Hematology, CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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238
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Liu L, Qin S, Chen H, Wang J, Chen H, Ma J, Liu W. [An experimental study on arsenic trioxide-selectively induced human hepatocarcinoma cell lines apoptosis and its related genes]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2000; 8:367-9. [PMID: 11135700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the possible apoptosis-inducing effect of arsenic trioxide on human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells, and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS Arsenic trioxide action on the cell growth, apoptosis, periodicity and the expression of related genes in two human hepatocarcinoma cell lines QGY-7701 and QGY-7703, and normal humanhepatic cell line L-02 in vitro was observed by MTT assay, acridine orange (AO) /ethidiumbromide (EB) fluorescent staining, electron microscopy detection, DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Arsenic trioxide could strongly inhibit the growth of human hepatocarcinoma cells QGY-7701 and QGY-7703 with the cell cycle arrested on S phase, and induce the apoptosis of the cells with bcl-2 gene expression down-regulated and bax and Fas gene expression up-regulated. But arsenic trioxide had no obvious effect on the normal hepatic cells. CONCLUSION Arsenic trioxide has significant selective apoptosis-inducing effect on the human hepatocarcinoma cells, which is regulated by several genes. The results provide the credible experimental basis for clinically treating HCC with arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Tumor Center, the 81st hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
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239
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS Plasma CO and NO levels were studied in 33 asphyxiated term neonates, and 30 healthy neonates served as controls. RESULTS Among the 33 asphyxiated term neonates, plasma CO and NO levels in 28 neonates with HIE were significantly higher than those in the 5 infants without HIE and in the normal controls. The plasma CO and NO levels in the newborn infants with HIE stage 3 were found to be significantly higher than those in the neonates with HIE stage 1 and 2. Moreover, plasma CO and NO levels were significantly increased in neonates with brain damage and adverse outcome as compared with those in patients with normal neuroimaging and normal outcome. CONCLUSION Plasma CO and NO levels after perinatal asphyxia are related to the severity of neonatal HIE, brain damage, and neurologic outcome. The present study suggests that CO and NO might play important roles in the pathogenesis of neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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240
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Abstract
Hat1p and Hat2p are the two subunits of a type B histone acetyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that acetylates free histone H4 on lysine 12 in vitro. However, the role for these gene products in chromatin function has been unclear, as deletions of the HAT1 and/or HAT2 gene displayed no obvious phenotype. We have now identified a role for Hat1p and Hat2p in telomeric silencing. Telomeric silencing is the transcriptional repression of telomere-proximal genes and is mediated by a special chromatin structure. While there was no change in the level of silencing on a telomeric gene when the HAT1 or HAT2 gene was deleted, a significant silencing defect was observed when hat1Delta or hat2Delta was combined with mutations of the histone H3 NH(2)-terminal tail. Specifically, when at least two lysine residues were changed to arginine in the histone H3 tail, a hat1Delta-dependent telomeric silencing defect was observed. The most dramatic effects were seen when one of the two changes was in lysine 14. In further analysis, we found that a single lysine out of the five in the histone H3 tail was sufficient to mediate silencing. However, K14 was the best at preserving silencing, followed by K23 and then K27; K9 and K18 alone were insufficient. Mutational analysis of the histone H4 tail indicated that the role of Hat1p in telomeric silencing was mediated solely through lysine 12. Thus, in contrast to other histone acetyltransferases, Hat1p activity was required for transcriptional repression rather than gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kelly
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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241
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been implicated as a new endogenously produced mediator similar to nitric oxide (NO). CO was measured in plasma samples from 7 term newborn infants with sepsis and from 30 healthy neonates. Plasma CO levels were significantly higher in the group with sepsis at the time of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit than in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the elevated plasma CO levels were significantly related to increased NO production, as indicated by plasma nitrite/nitrate levels (p < 0.05). The present study suggests that, in addition to NO, CO might be another important mediator taking part in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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242
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243
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Liu X, Sheng R, Wang A, Qin S. [The diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease: a report of six cases]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2000; 22:398-9. [PMID: 12903460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of 6 cases of Lyme disease from November, 1994 to December, 1998. According to our report, doxycycline, penicillin, and ceftriaxone are effective drugs for Lyme disease. The shorter the disease course is, the better the treatment effect will be. Patients in phase III usually need repeated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, PUMC Hospital, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100730, China
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244
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Xu C, Chen B, Wang W, Tian Y, Zhao H, Jiang B, Gao B, Qin S, Yue M, Qi G. Detecting residual ischemia and identifying coronary artery disease after myocardial infarction using dobutamine technetium-99m-MIBI SPECT. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000; 113:579-83. [PMID: 11776021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate dobutamine technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl nitrile (sestamibi) single-photon emission computed tomography (Dobu-ECT) in detecting residual ischemia and identifying coronary vessel disease after myocardial infarction. METHODS Sixty-two patients with confirmed myocardial infarction were studied with Dobu-ECT at the time of coronary artery angiography. Dobutamine was administered intravenously in incremental rates from 5 to 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 3-minute intervals. At the highest infusion rate, 7.4 x 10(8) Bq 99mTc-MIBI was injected intravenously, and tomographic imaging was performed after one hour. Resting images were taken after 24 hours, with a second dose of 99mTc-MIBI. RESULTS The sensitivity of Dobu-ECT in detecting residual ischemia of myocardial infarction was 76%, which was higher than dobutamine electrocardiography (Dobu-ECG). Regardless of the single-, double- or triple-vessel diseases, Dobu-ECT was superior to Dobu-ECG in identifying residual ischemia (56% vs 4%, 86% vs 27%, 100% vs 47%, P < 0.01, respectively). The incidence of residual ischemia in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy was 67%, lower than patients without thrombolysis (72%) or those with an old myocardial infarction (94%). But the differences were not statistically significant. Dobu-ECT detected only 56% of ischemias in non-infarct related myocardium. Eighty-two percent of all significantly stenosed vessels were detected with Dobu-ECT, and 84% of patients with multivessel disease could be accurately identified. The sensitivity of Dobu-ECT was significantly greater for detecting severe stenosis over moderate stenosis. The sensitivity for detecting stenosis in the right coronary artery was greater than left anterior descending or left circumflex, but its specificity was lower. CONCLUSION Dobu-ECT can identify residual ischemia, as well as its location and extent after myocardial infarction. Dobu-ECT can also accurately detect significantly stenosed vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
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245
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Qin S, Stadtman ER, Chock PB. Regulation of oxidative stress-induced calcium release by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:7118-23. [PMID: 10840066 PMCID: PMC16509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.130198197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide stimulates a tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium release from intracellular stores, which is assumed to be achieved through the activation of phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2) via a tyrosine phosphorylation mechanism in B cells. Here we show that H(2)O(2) induces both tyrosine phosphorylation on PLCgamma2 and the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in B cells, and that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, Wortmannin, partially inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced calcium release without affecting tyrosine phosphorylation on PLCgamma2. Overexpression of human Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), which was activated by H(2)O(2), almost completely overcame the inhibition of calcium release by Wortmannin. The reversal of Wortmannin's inhibition by enhancing Btk concentration seemed unique to the H(2)O(2)-mediated effect, because Btk failed to overcome the inhibition of Wortmannin on B cell receptor-triggered calcium mobilization. Immunoblot analysis revealed that Btk formed stable complexes with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including PLCgamma2, only in Btk-overexpressed cells on H(2)O(2) stimulation. Together, our data are consistent with the notion that PIP3 and/or a high concentration of Btk target the activated PLCgamma2 to its substrate site for maximal catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0342, USA
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246
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Gu J, Zhang X, Fei Z, Wen A, Qin S, Yi S, Chen Y, Li X. [Rhubarb extracts in treating complications of severe cerebral injury]. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000; 113:529-31. [PMID: 11775872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of the Chinese medicinal herb, Rhubarb, on severe brain injury. METHODS Rhubarb extracts in ethyl alcohol and water were used to treat 20 patients with severe cerebral injury complicated by hyperthermia, renal failure, hemorrhage in the upper digestive tract, and increased intracranial pressure. Vital signs, variations of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and intracranial pressure (ICP) of the patients were observed. The degree of hemorrhage in the digestive tract and the change in creatinine value were also observed. Other 20 patients served as controls. RESULTS The result of the treatment group was more marked than that of the control group. Three days after administration of the rhubarb extract, the body temperature decreased by 1.1 degrees C, ICP by 0.4 kPa (1 mm Hg = 0.1333 kPa) on average, and the incidence of hemorrhage in the digestive tract by 30%. The volume of hemorrhage of the digestive tract decreased by 700 +/- 250 ml, and the time for turning occult blood to negative by 10%. CONCLUSION The Chinese medical herb, rhubarb, has multiple therapeutic effects on severe brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Institute of Neurosurgery PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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247
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Yu Z, Ma L, Yang M, Qin S, Xu G, Gong J, Hu J, Pan L, Yao G, Zhang X. [Dural arterovenous fistula involving cavernous sinus]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 38:112-3. [PMID: 11832003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the pathogenesis and treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFS) involving the cavernous sinus. METHODS 32 cases were embolized with particle by microcatheterization via endovascular approach and ervation by digital substraction angiography. Of the 32 cases, 14 were embolized by microsoils through superior petrosal sinus approach into the cavernous sinus. RESULTS In 28 of the 32 cases the fistulas were completely embolized angiographically. The fistulas were partly embolized in 4 of the 32 cases. The carotid artery was compressed for 6 months. One week later, the fistula disappeared angiographically. No fistulas were found during the follow-up for 6 months to 8 years. CONCLUSION Endovascular treatment of DAVFS involving the cavernous sinus is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberotion Army, Wuhan 430070, China
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248
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Chen H, Qin S, Pan Q. [Antitumor effect of arsenic trioxide on mice experimental liver cancer]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2000; 8:27-9. [PMID: 10712780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antitumor activity of arsenic trioxide on mice experimental liver cancer. METHODS Mice bearing HepA solid and ascitic liver tumor were used in vivo experiments. RESULTS The tumor-bearing mice were treated with arsenic trioxide 2.0mg/kg/d and 3.5mg/kg/d intravenously for 7 days. After the administration of arsenic trioxide, the growth of solid tumor were obviously inhibited, the inhibitory rate were 31.63% and 42.13% respectively. Under the inspection of transmission electron microscope, some cells of the solid tumor showed the typically morphological characteristics of apoptosis. The apoptotic cells were detected by in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of bcl-2 protein positive cells decreased, but the number of bax protein positive cells increased. It also showed that arsenic trioxide could significantly prolong the mean survival time in ascitic-tumor-bearing mice, the prolonging rate of life span was 59.29% and 76.69% respectively. The sub-G1 peaks were observed by flow cytometry on the ascitic specimen and the apoptotic rate were 25.98% and 53.17% respectively. CONCLUSION arsenic trioxide has obvious antitumor activity on HepA liver tumor-bearing mice. The mechanism of arsenic trioxide may mainly be inducing liver cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, which may be related to downregulate the expression of bcl-2 genes and upregulate the expression of bax genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- PLA oncology center, the 81st Hospital, Nangjing 210002, China
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249
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Qin S, Kawano K, Bruce C, Lin M, Bisgaier C, Tall AR, Jiang X. Phospholipid transfer protein gene knock-out mice have low high density lipoprotein levels, due to hypercatabolism, and accumulate apoA-IV-rich lamellar lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 2000; 41:269-76. [PMID: 10681411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein gene knock-out (Pltp KO) mice have defective transfer of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) phospholipids into high density lipoprotein (HDL) and markedly decreased HDL levels (Jiang et al. 1999. J. Clin. Invest. 103: 907-914). These animals also accumulated VLDL- and LDL-sized lipoproteins on a high saturated fat diet. The goals of this study were to further characterize the abnormal lipoproteins of Pltp KO mice and to determine the mechanisms responsible for low HDL levels. A lipoprotein fraction enriched in lamellar structures was isolated from the low density lipoprotein (LDL) region and was shown to be phospholipid- and free cholesterol-rich and to have apoA-IV (55%) and apoE (25%) as major apolipoproteins. The lamellar lipoproteins accumulating in these mice probably represent surface material derived from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The HDL was found to be protein-rich (primarily apoA-I) and specifically depleted in phosphatidylcholine (PC) (28% in wild-type mice (WT) vs. 15% in Pltp KO mice, P < 0.001). Unexpectedly, turnover studies using autologous HDL revealed a profound 4-fold increase in the catabolism of HDL protein and cholesteryl ester in Pltp KO mice compared to wild-type, with minor differences in synthesis rates. In contrast, injection of WT mouse HDL into Pltp KO mice showed only a 2-fold increase in fractional catabolism. Reminiscent of the defect in Tangier disease, the failure of transfer of PC from TRL into the HDL fraction results in dramatic hypercatabolism of HDL. These results suggest that defective phospholipid transfer from TRL into HDL, arising from decreased lipolysis or decreased PLTP activity, could lead to hypoalphalipoproteinemia characterized by hypercatabolism of HDL protein. lipoprotein levels, due to hypercatabolism, and accumulate apoA-IV-rich lamellar lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York NY 10032, USA
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250
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Shi H, Qin S, Xiao C. [A study on the roles of CD86 in antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into airways and airway hyperresponsiveness]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1999; 22:720-4. [PMID: 11776778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of CD86 on antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the airways and airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized mice, and further elucidate the role of CD86 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS Female BALB/c mice (n = 8 for each group) were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway responsiveness was espressed by the provocative concentration of acetylcholine causing 50% increase in respiratory resistance (PC50). Effect of anti-CD86 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on antigen-induced changes of eosinophil numbers in brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway reactivity was observed. CD86 expression on BALF cells was detected by flow cytometry and concentrations of interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 in homogenized supernatant of lung tissue were determined by ELISA. RESULTS In sensitized mice challenged with ovalbumin 20 minutes once a day for 6 days, the number of BALF eosinophils was (9.2 +/- 1.5) x 10(8)/L. However, no eosinophil could be found in the BALF from mice without ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. Also, ovalbumin treatment led to PC50 value decrease from (0.66 +/- 0.13) g/L to (0.17 +/- 0.07) g/L (P < 0.01). CD86 expression on BALF cells from ovalbumin sensitized- and challenged-mice (36.4 +/- 6.2) was much higher than that from control mice (12.3 +/- 3.6, P < 0.01). In mice treated with intravenous injection of anti-CD86 mAb before each challenge, BALF eosinophils decreased by 67% (P < 0.01), and PC50 value increased by 69% (P < 0.01). Our results showed that anti-CD86 mAb prevented antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness accompanied by a decrement of levels of both interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD86 mAb is able to inhibit antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and to ameliorate airway hyperresponsiveness, possibly by inhibiting production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-5. These data suggested that the blockade of airway antigen-presenting cells' functions couid be of value in treatment of human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021
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