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Ali J, Joshi M, Ahmadi A, Strætkvern KO, Ahmad R. Increased growth temperature and vitamin B12 supplementation reduces the lag time for rapid pathogen identification in BHI agar and blood cultures. F1000Res 2023; 12:131. [PMID: 37122874 PMCID: PMC10133824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129668.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnostics of pathogens is essential to prescribe appropriate antibiotic therapy. The current methods for pathogen detection require the bacteria to grow in a culture medium, which is time-consuming. This increases the mortality rate and global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Culture-free detection methods are still under development and are not common in the clinical routine. Therefore, decreasing the culture time for accurately detecting infection and resistance is vital for diagnosis. Methods: This study investigated easy-to-implement factors (in a minimal laboratory set-up), including inoculum size, incubation temperature, and additional supplementation (e.g., vitamin B12 and trace metals), that can significantly reduce the bacterial lag time (tlag). These factors were arranged in simple two-level factorial designs using Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-positive bacilli (Bacillus subtilis), and Gram-negative bacilli (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, including clinical isolates with known antimicrobial resistance profiles. Blood samples spiked with a clinical isolate of E. coli CCUG 17620 (Culture Collection University of Gothenburg) were also tested to see the effect of elevated incubation temperature on bacterial growth in blood cultures. Results: We observed that increased incubation temperature (42°C) along with vitamin B12 supplementation significantly reduced the tlag (10 – 115 minutes or 4% - 49%) in pure clinical isolates and blood samples spiked with E. coli CCUG17620. In the case of the blood sample, PCR results also detected bacterial DNA after only 3h of incubation and at three times the CFU/mL. Conclusion: Enrichment of bacterial culture media with growth supplements such as vitamin B12 and increased incubation temperature can be a cheap and rapid method for the early detection of pathogens. This proof-of-concept study is restricted to a few bacterial strains and growth conditions. In the future, the effect of other growth conditions and difficult-to-culture bacteria should be explored to shorten the lag phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Mukund Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Asal Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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202
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Öğretmen ÖY. Potential Contribution to Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of Agar Extracted from Gelidium latifolium (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) as a Mineral Source. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2088-2096. [PMID: 35943707 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ca, Na, Mg, K, P, Fe, Zn, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, and Se were determined in agar obtained seasonally from Gelidium latifolium in coast of Black Sea, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Also, the potential contribution of the agar to the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) was evaluated according to the Basic Nutritional Requirements Guideline released by the Institute of Medicine and the Official Journal of the European Union. The results show that agar extracted from G. latifolium could be used as a food supplement to help meet the DRIs of certain essential minerals and trace elements. In the study, the most dominant macro and micro elements were found to be potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), respectively. The Na/K ratio of the agar obtained seasonally was found to be below the maximum limits recommended by international organizations (Na/K ≤ 0.6). The Ca/Mg ratio was calculated between 1.44 and 1.55 throughout the year. The Ca/Mg and K/Na ratios were not reflected highly significant difference between seasons. Ion quotient values for extracted agar were between 0.36 and 40.54, so they can reduce hypertension, preeclampsia, and heart disease in human beings. Accordingly, extracted agar from G. latifolium red seaweed were of high quality and safety and might be used in the field of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özen Yusuf Öğretmen
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
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203
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Etter D, Warnock G, Koszarski F, Niemann T, Mikail N, Bengs S, Buechel RR, Kaufmann P, Gebhard C, Rossi A. Towards universal comparability of pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation: a coronary computed tomography angiography phantom study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:2324-2330. [PMID: 36472700 PMCID: PMC10017558 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different computed tomography (CT) scanners, variations in acquisition protocols, and technical parameters employed for image reconstruction may introduce bias in the analysis of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the effect of tube voltage, measured as kilovoltage peak (kVp), and iterative reconstruction on PCAT mean attenuation (PCATMA). METHODS Twelve healthy ex vivo porcine hearts were injected with iodine-enriched agar-agar to allow for ex vivo CCTA imaging on a 256-slice CT and a dual-source CT system. Images were acquired at tube voltages of 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp and reconstructed by using both filtered back projection and iterative reconstruction algorithms. PCATMA was measured semi-automatically on CCTA images in the proximal segment of coronary arteries. RESULTS The tube voltage showed a significant effect on PCATMA measurements on both the 256-slice CT scanner (p < 0.001) and the dual-source CT system (p = 0.013), resulting in higher attenuation values with increasing tube voltage. Similarly, the use of iterative reconstructions was associated with a significant increase of PCATMA (256-slice CT: p < 0.001 and dual-source CT: p = 0.014). Averaged conversion factors to correct PCATMA measurements for tube voltage other than 120 kVp were 1.267, 1.080 and 0.947 for 80, 100, and 140 kVp, respectively. CONCLUSION PCATMA values are significantly affected by acquisition and reconstruction parameters. The same tube voltage and reconstruction type are recommended when PCAT attenuation is used in multicenter and longitudinal studies. KEY POINTS • The tube voltage used for CCTA acquisition affects pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation, resulting in higher attenuation values of fat with increasing tube voltage. • Conversion factors for pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation values could be used to adjust for differences in attenuation between scans performed at different tube voltages. • In longitudinal CCTA studies employing pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation as imaging endpoint, it is recommended to maintain tube voltage and image reconstruction type constant across serial scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Etter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Geoff Warnock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Koszarski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tilo Niemann
- Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, 5400, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cathérine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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204
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Toh SC, Lihan S, Bunya SR, Leong SS. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Cassia alata (Linn.) leaves, stem, and root extracts against cellulitis causative agent Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:85. [PMID: 36934252 PMCID: PMC10024395 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulitis is a common skin disease encountered in medical emergencies in hospitals. It can be treated using a combination of antibiotics therapy; however, the causative agent Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to develop resistance towards the currently used antibiotics. Therefore, the search for more alternative herbal origin antimicrobial agents is critical. AIM In this study, maceration and Soxhlet extraction of the whole plant of Cassia alata Linn. (leaves, roots, and stem) were performed using four solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and distilled water. The crude extracts were screened using agar well diffusion, colorimetric broth microdilution, grid culture and bacterial growth curve analysis against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemicals in the crude extracts were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Agar-well diffusion analysis revealed that extraction using ethyl acetate showed the largest inhibition zone with an average diameter of 15.30 mm (root Soxhlet extract) followed by 14.70 mm (leaf Soxhlet extract) and 13.70 mm (root maceration extract). The lowest minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration in root Soxhlet extract using ethyl acetate was 0.313 and 0.625 µg µL-1, respectively. Our study proved that crude extract of the plant suppressed the growth of S. aureus as evidenced from a significant regression extension (p < 0.06, p = 0.00003) of lag phase for 6 h after the treatment with increased concentration. Based on the GC-MS analysis, 88 phytochemicals consist of fatty acids, esters, alkanes, phenols, fatty alcohols, sesquiterpenoids and macrocycle that possibly contributed to the antimicrobial properties were identified, 32 of which were previously characterized for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Ethyl acetate crude extract was better than the other investigated solvents. The root and stem of C. alata showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus in this study. The remaining 56 out of 88 phytochemicals of the plant should be intensively studied for more medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Chiew Toh
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Samuel Lihan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Scholastica Ramih Bunya
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sui Sien Leong
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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205
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Wan Y, Liu H, Yan K, Li X, Lu Z, Wang D. An ionic/thermal-responsive agar/alginate wet-spun microfiber-shaped hydrogel combined with grooved/wrinkled surface patterns and multi-functions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120501. [PMID: 36641168 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A dual stimuli-responsive wet-spun microfiber-shaped hydrogel is prepared by injecting a hot blend of two stimuli biopolymers alginate (i.e., ionic-responsive) and agar (i.e., temperature-responsive) into a pre-cooling and metal cation containing coagulation bath. Experimental results indicate the fiber microstructure could be manipulated by the extrusion rate and cooling temperature, achieving an anisotropic shrinkage characteristic and novel grooved/wrinkled surface patterns. Importantly, the integration of metal cations (e.g., Ca2+and/or Zn2+) was confirmed to significantly improve the hydrogel mechanical properties (i.e., double networks) and enhanced blue fluorescent intensity as a typical metal-polymer complexation formed within the agar gel matrix. Moreover, the functionality-independent double networks enabled typical pH-shape memory and sustainable antibacterial properties have also been demonstrated. Therefore, combing the facile fabricating approach and multifunctionality, this study would advance the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogel microfiber for complex biomedical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekai Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Xiufang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhentan Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
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206
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Kortei NK, Oman Ayiku P, Nsor-Atindana J, Owusu Ansah L, Wiafe-Kwagyan M, Kyei-Baffour V, Kottoh ID, Odamtten GT. Toxicogenic fungal profile, Ochratoxin A exposure and cancer risk characterization through maize (Zea mays) consumed by different age populations in the Volta region of Ghana. Toxicon 2023; 226:107085. [PMID: 36921906 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop for the majority of Ghanaians. Maize is mostly contaminated by fungal species and particularly mycotoxins. This work aimed to identify and quantify the incidence of fungal infection and exposure to Ochratoxin A (OTA) as well as the health risk characterization in different age populations due to maize consumption in the Volta region. Maize samples were plated on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar, and Oxytetracycline Glucose Yeast Extract (OGYE) agar. All media were prepared in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. The plates were incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for 5-7 days. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography connected to a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) was used to analyze the ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in maize. Cancer risk assessments were also conducted using models prescribed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Additives (JECFA). The maize samples collected from the Volta region contained fungal population between the range of 3.08-4.58 log10 CFU/g. Eight (8) genera were recorded belonging to Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Fusarium, Saccharomyces, Mucor, Rhodotorula and Rhizopus. The species diversity includes A. flavus, A. niger, T. harzianum, P. verrucosum, F. oxysporum, Yeast, F. verticillioides, Rhodotorulla sp, A. fumigatus, R. stolonifer, M. racemosus species. Additionally, the ochratoxins level contained in the samples were very noteworthy and ranged from 1.22 to 28.17 μg/kg. Cancer risk assessments of OTA produced outcomes also ranged between 2.15 and 524.54 ng/kg bw/day, 0.03-8.31, 0.0323, and 0.07-16.94 for cases/100,000 person/yr for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Margin of Exposure (MOE), Average Potency, and Cancer Risks respectively for all age categories investigated. There was very high mycoflora load on the maize sampled from the Volta region, likewise the range of mycotoxins present in the maize grains, suggesting the potential to pose some adverse health effects with the populace of the Volta region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Peter Oman Ayiku
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - John Nsor-Atindana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Leslie Owusu Ansah
- Department of Food Laboratory, Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box CT 2783, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 55, Legon, Ghana
| | - Vincent Kyei-Baffour
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Research Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research- Food Research Institute, P. O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Delali Kottoh
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Tawia Odamtten
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 55, Legon, Ghana
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Busont O, Durambur G, Bernard S, Plasson C, Joudiou C, Baude L, Chefdor F, Depierreux C, Héricourt F, Larcher M, Malik S, Boulogne I, Driouich A, Carpin S, Lamblin F. Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) Root Extracellular Trap, Structural and Molecular Remodeling in Response to Osmotic Stress. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060858. [PMID: 36980198 PMCID: PMC10047092 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root extracellular trap (RET) consists of root-associated, cap-derived cells (root AC-DCs) and their mucilaginous secretions, and forms a structure around the root tip that protects against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is little information concerning the changes undergone by the RET during droughts, especially for tree species. Morphological and immunocytochemical approaches were used to study the RET of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seedlings grown in vitro under optimal conditions (on agar-gelled medium) or when polyethylene glycol-mediated (PEG6000—infused agar-gelled medium) was used to mimic drought conditions through osmotic stress. Under optimal conditions, the root cap released three populations of individual AC-DC morphotypes, with a very low proportion of spherical morphotypes, and equivalent proportions of intermediate and elongated morphotypes. Immunolabeling experiments using anti-glycan antibodies specific to cell wall polysaccharide and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) epitopes revealed the presence of homogalacturonan (HG), galactan chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), and AGPs in root AC-DC cell walls. The data also showed the presence of xylogalacturonan (XGA), xylan, AGPs, and low levels of arabinans in the mucilage. The findings also showed that under osmotic stress conditions, both the number of AC-DCs (spherical and intermediate morphotypes) and the total quantity of mucilage per root tip increased, whereas the mucilage was devoid of the epitopes associated with the polysaccharides RG-I, XGA, xylan, and AGPs. Osmotic stress also led to reduced root growth and increased root expression of the P5CS2 gene, which is involved in proline biosynthesis and cellular osmolarity maintenance (or preservation) in aerial parts. Together, our findings show that the RET is a dynamic structure that undergoes pronounced structural and molecular remodeling, which might contribute to the survival of the root tip under osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Busont
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Camille Joudiou
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Laura Baude
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Chefdor
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Christiane Depierreux
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - François Héricourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Mélanie Larcher
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Sonia Malik
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sabine Carpin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-3841-7127
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Venugopal M, Khosla E, K KA, Alex V, T N, Kumar H. Evaluation of Probiotic Effects of Lactobacilli on Mutans Streptococci: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 23:984-990. [PMID: 37073910 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to evaluate the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on clinical isolates of Mutans Streptococci (MS) and antibiotic susceptibility of these strains to commonly used antibiotics in dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plaque samples from permanent first molars were collected and transferred aseptically onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in the presence of 5-10% CO2. Mutans streptococci colonies were identified biochemically using Hi-Strep identification kit. The inhibitory activity of the clinical strains of MS on Lactobacilli was investigated using agar-overlay interference technique. Positive inhibition was appreciated as a clear zone around the Lactobacilli. Disk diffusion assay was done as described by CLSI M100-S25 for antibiotic susceptibility. The zone of growth inhibition caused by Lactobacilli and antibiotics on MS clinical strains was measured directly using a vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test. RESULTS Mutans streptococci exhibited positive inhibition with both the probiotic strains and L. acidophilus showed more zones of inhibition than L. rhamnosus. Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical strains of MS showed sensitivity to penicillin and vancomycin, however, tetracycline and erythromycin showed very few resistant strains. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by cephalothin followed by penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. CONCLUSION L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus have strong inhibitory effects on clinical strains of MS. Lactobacillus acidophilus showed a higher zone of inhibition. All the clinical strains of MS were sensitive to penicillin and vancomycin. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by cephalothin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries remains silent epidemic and increasing antibiotic resistance is another major challenge that threatens the world. Newer methods such as whole-bacteria replacement therapy using probiotics for decreasing harmful oral pathogens and reducing the intake of antibiotics must be explored. More researches to promote use of probiotics should be initiated due to its possible preventive and health maintenance benefits providing an end to new cavities and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Venugopal
- Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 7559064198, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-1809
| | - Ektah Khosla
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kerala, India
| | - Korath Abraham K
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kerala, India
| | - Vinitha Alex
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Nishna T
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-501X
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Education, Centre for Professional and Advanced Studies, Kottayam, Kerala, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-7794
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Mura T, Matsumoto T, Aso M, Kawamura K, Kanaya K, Iinuma Y. First reported isolation of hemin-requiring Proteus vulgaris small-colony variant from urine culture. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:631-633. [PMID: 36996937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A hemin-requiring Proteus vulgaris small-colony variant (SCV) was isolated from a urine culture. This isolate was grown on 5% sheep blood agar but not on modified Drigalski agar. The single nucleotide substitution was found in the SCV of the hemC gene (c.55C > T), and this substitution caused a nonsense mutation (p.Gln19Ter). Porphyrin test results showed that the biosynthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid stopped up to porphobilinogen and not pre-uroporphyrinogen due to a mutation in the hemC gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hemin-requiring P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Mura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Miyako Aso
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kae Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kanaya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Iinuma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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210
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Wang J, Zhang J, Song Y, Xu X, Cai M, Li P, Yuan W, Xiahou Y. Functionalized agarose hydrogel with in situ Ag nanoparticles as highly recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for aromatic organic pollutants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:43950-43961. [PMID: 36680722 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present research work, a highly recyclable catalyst of Ag-based agarose (HRC-Ag/Agar) hydrogel was successfully fabricated through a simple and efficient in situ reduction method without the aid of additional surface active agent. The interaction between the rich hydroxyl functional (-OH) groups in agarose and Ag can effectively control the growth and dispersion of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in the HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel and keep Ag NPs free from chemical contamination, which also guarantees the reusability of HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel as catalysts. HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel without freeze drying and calcination was investigated for their potential applications as highly active/recyclable catalysts in reducing aromatic organic pollutants (p-nitrophenol (4-NP), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB)) by KBH4. The optimal HRC-Ag/Agar-1.9 hydrogel can complete the catalytic reduction of 4-NP within 11 min. Moreover, HRC-Ag/Agar-1.9 hydrogel achieves the high conversion rate (> 99%) through ten catalytic runs. Similarly, HRC-Ag/Agar-1.9 hydrogel was able to achieve a reduction efficiency of RhB at 98% within 17 min and that of MB at 95% within 40 min. The advantages of simple synthetic procedure, no secondary pollution, strong stability and easily separated make the HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel have great potential prospect for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Song
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmang Xu
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Cai
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peichuang Li
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Yuan
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Xiahou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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211
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Febria FA, Zulkhairiah F, Walpajri F, Putra A, Syukriani L. Biofilm-Forming Heavy Metal Resistance Bacteria From Bungus Ocean Fisheries Port (PPS) West Sumatra as a Waters Bioremediation Agent. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:168-176. [PMID: 37779331 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.168.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Heavy metals are one of the most worrisome pollutants due to their toxicity. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals and their accumulation and biomagnification properties adversely affect aquatic biota and human health. The ability of microorganisms to bioremediate heavy metals into non-toxic forms is one solution. The research aims of the study were to find biofilm-forming heavy metal-resistant bacteria isolated from the waters of the Bungus Samudra Fishery Port (PPS), Padang City. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study used a marine agar medium modified with the addition of K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and CdSO<sub>4</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O, Marine Broth medium and Congo Red Agar medium. The research methods include, the isolation of bacteria, isolate resistance test to heavy metals, testing the ability of isolates to form biofilms and determine the ability of isolates to reduce heavy metals. Furthermore, molecular identification of bacterial isolates was carried out to determine the type of species. <b>Results:</b> Five heavy metal-resistant bacterial isolates were found that were able to form biofilms, namely isolates B3Cd, B5Cr, B7Pb, B6Pb and B3Pb. The five isolates were able to reduce heavy metal content by 38.67-61.191%. Identification of the best bacterial isolates on each heavy metal tested, namely B3Cd, B5Cr and B7Pb, respectively, showed the type of <i>Acinetobacter schindleri</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. <b>Conclusion:</b> These three selected potential isolates can be used as bioremediation agents in metal-polluted waters in the future.
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Bosch J, Bezuidenhout C, Coertze R, Molale-Tom L. Metal- and antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic plate count bacteria from a gold mine impacted river: the Mooi River system, South Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:31605-31619. [PMID: 36449242 PMCID: PMC9995416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The Wonderfonteinspruit, South Africa, is highly impacted by a century of gold mining activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of the Wonderfonteinspruit and the receiving Mooi River system, the levels of antimicrobial (metals and antibiotics) resistance characteristics and heterotrophic bacteria levels in these water systems. Various physico-chemical parameters were determined. R2A agar and R2A agar supplemented with antimicrobials were used to enumerate heterotrophic bacteria. Morphologically distinct antimicrobial-resistant isolates were purified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility by a disc diffusion method. Selected isolates were identified, and minimum inhibitory concentration ranges determined. Among the antimicrobial resistant isolates, 87% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Of these, almost 50% were resistant to more than 3 antibiotic classes. A large proportion was resistant to all 7 antibiotics tested. Phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. High MIC levels for metals and antibiotics were detected among all the genera. Results demonstrate potential impacts of physico-chemical properties on levels of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Metal-resistant bacteria were also resistant to multiple antibiotics, suggesting that metal pollution from mining may be responsible for co-selection and maintenance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita Bosch
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Roelof Coertze
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesego Molale-Tom
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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213
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Yadav RK, Singh G, Kiran KS, Iram A, Rana B, Cs S, Xess I. A study on candiduria in neonates and infants from a tertiary care center, North India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 42:25-29. [PMID: 36967211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Candida albicans is the major cause of fungal UTI in neonates and infants but nowadays non albicans Candida is also increasing and these are mostly multidrug resistant. So it's important to know the species of candidal UTI for the proper management. This study was undertaken to determine the Candida species distribution in UTI along with their susceptibility pattern and outcome in infants and neonates admitted in different wards and ICU of our hospital. We also assess the incidence rate of candiduria in ICUs. METHOD Urine samples were collected from infants and neonates presented in pediatrics and neonatal ICU (intensive care units) and clinical wards with a clinical suspicion of candiduria and infants at risk of invasive candidiasis were also included in the study. Identification of Candida sp. was done by Gram's staining, germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar, color appearance on CHROM agar and also confirmed by MALDI-TOF Assay. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by using broth microdilution method as per the CLSI M27-A3/M27-S4. RESULT Urine samples were received from 219 infants, and Candida was isolated from samples from 52 infants (isolation rate 23.75%), of which 30 were admitted in pediatric or neonatal ICU and 22 in the wards. The incidence rate of candiduria in ICU was 3.25%. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species from the samples of infants in the wards (13/22 i.e. 59%), while Candida tropicalis was most frequently isolated from samples of infants in the ICUs (13/30 i.e. 43.34%). Candida glabrata was the least commonly isolated species and was only encopuntered in the ICU. There was no discrepancy between the results of conventional methods of identification and MALDI-TOF. Antifungal susceptibility was performed for 18 randomly selected isolates. All were found to be susceptible to caspofungin, micafungin, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B. CONCLUSION High suspicion of candiduria is needed especially in ICU admitted infants and identification of candida at species level along with the susceptibility pattern is important for the better management of patients.
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214
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Kikuchi S, Horiuchi A, Nishimoto Y, Iwamoto A. Different effects of gellan gum and agar on change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization: the key role of aluminum. J Plant Res 2023; 136:253-263. [PMID: 36689102 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agar and gellan gum have been considered to have different effects on polyploidy-dependent growth in plants. We aim to demonstrate that agar and gellan gum differently affect the change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization and examined the physico-chemical parameters in each gelling agent to elucidate key factors that caused the differences. Each polyploid strain was cultured vertically on agar and gellan gum solidified medium under fixed conditions. Root elongation rate was measured during 4-10 days after sowing. As a result, agar promoted root elongation of polyploids more than the gellan gum. Then water potential, gel hardness, and trace elements of each medium were quantified in each medium. Water potential and gel hardness of agar medium were significantly higher than those of gellan gum medium. The decrease in water potential and gel hardness in agar medium, however, did not affect the change in polyploidy-dependent growth. Elemental analysis showed that gellan gum contained more aluminum than agar. Subsequently, the polyploids were grown on agar media with additional aluminum, on which the root elongation in tetraploids and octoploids was significantly suppressed. These results revealed that agar and gellan gum affect the change in growth of root elongation in A. thaliana by polyploidization in different ways and the different effects on change in polyploidy-dependent growth is partially caused by aluminum in the gellan gum, which may be due to cell wall composition of polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kikuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Arisa Horiuchi
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Yuko Nishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan.
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215
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Jahedi A, Salehi M, Goltapeh EM, Safaie N. Multilayer perceptron-genetic algorithm as a promising tool for modeling cultivation substrate of Auricularia cornea Native to Iran. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281982. [PMID: 36809254 PMCID: PMC9942997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Auricularia cornea Ehrenb (syn. A. polytricha) is a wood-decaying fungi known as black ear mushroom. Earlike gelatinous fruiting body distinguishes them from other fungi. Industrial wastes have the potential to be used as the basic substrate to produce mushrooms. Therefore, 16 substrate formulations were prepared from different ratios of beech (BS) and hornbeam sawdust (HS) supplemented with wheat (WB) and rice brans (RB). The pH and initial moisture content of substrate mixtures were adjusted to 6.5 and 70%, respectively. The comparison of in vitro growth characteristics of the fungal mycelia under the different temperatures (25, 28, and 30°C), and culture media [yeast extract agar (YEA), potato extract agar (PEA), malt extract agar (MEA), and also HS and BS extract agar media supplemented with maltose, dextrose, and fructose revealed that the highest mycelial growth rate (MGR; 7.5 mm/day) belonged to HS and BS extract agar media supplemented with three mentioned sugar at 28°C. In A. cornea spawn study, the substrate combination of BS (70%) + WB (30%) at 28°C and moisture contents of 75% displayed the highest mean MGR (9.3 mm/day) and lowest spawn run period (9.0 days). In the bag test, "BS (70%) + WB (30%)" was the best substrate displaying the shortest spawn run period (19.7 days), and the highest fresh sporophore yield (131.7 g/bag), biological efficiency (53.1%) and number of basidiocarp (9.0/bag) of A. cornea. Also, A. cornea cultivation was processed to model yield, biological efficiency (BE), spawn run period (SRP), days for pinhead formation (DPHF), days for the first harvest (DFFH), and total cultivation period (TCP) by multilayer perceptron-genetic algorithm (MLP-GA). MLP-GA (0.81-0.99) exhibited a higher predictive ability than stepwise regression (0.06-0.58). The forecasted values of the output variables were in good accordance with their observed ones corroborating the good competency of established MLP-GA models. MLP-GA modeling exhibited a powerful tool for forecasting and thus selecting the optimal substrate for maximum A. cornea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Jahedi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal, Iran
| | - Mina Salehi
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal, Iran
| | | | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal, Iran
- * E-mail:
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216
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Ishimaru H, Umezawa T, Yoshikawa T, Koyama Y, Fumoto E, Sato S, Nakasaka Y, Masuda T. Antifungal activity of simply fractionated organosolv lignin against Trametes versicolor. J Biotechnol 2023; 364:23-30. [PMID: 36657599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to achieve sustainable development goals, a reevaluation of the materials used in wooden buildings must be done, including the preservatives used to treat the materials. Since typical wood preservatives use toxic heavy metals, their handling and use can contaminate the environment. Therefore, substances such as lignin-derived components have been investigated as bio-based preservatives. Organosolv treatment is a promising technique for separating components of lignocellulosic biomass, which enables the utilization of each component. The present report describes components of lignocellulose with antifungal effects that were recovered after organosolv treatment using water and 1-butanol solvent at 473 K for 2 h, followed by simple solvent fractionation. The organosolv lignin was divided into three fractions: n-hexane soluble, ethyl acetate soluble, and ethyl acetate insoluble, yielding 23 wt%, 52 wt% and 13 wt%, respectively. Antifungal activity was determined using an agar plate method. White rot fungi (Trametes versicolor) was dispersed on the agar plate with a cellulose disc containing each lignin-derived fraction obtained from Japanese cedar. Results showed inhibition of fungal growth over the cellulose disc containing the n-hexane soluble fraction. To examine the effect in greater detail, the chemical structure of the n-hexane-soluble fraction on the antifungal activity was investigated. The content of phenolic hydroxyl group in n-hexane-soluble fraction was the highest (4.6 mmol/g), and the results from the chemical modification suggested that the functional group was required for antifungal action. In addition, the n-hexane-soluble fraction imparted some water resistance. The procedures used for cedar as a feedstock were applied to another type of biomass-bagasse-and its fractions showed antifungal activity similar to those of Japanese cedar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ishimaru
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takahiro Umezawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Koyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd., 1280 Kami-izumi, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0293, Japan
| | - Eri Fumoto
- Energy Process Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Energy Process Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakasaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takao Masuda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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217
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Geedi R, Canas L, Reding ME, Ranger CM. Attraction of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Volatiles Emitted From the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. Environ Entomol 2023; 52:31-38. [PMID: 36421055 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin infects a wide variety of insects, including the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Volatiles emitted from B. bassiana can act as semiochemical attractants or repellents, with most responses reported to date resulting in insects avoiding B. bassiana. Since insects can detect 'enemy-specific volatile compounds', we hypothesized the preference behavior of M. persicae would be influenced by volatile emissions from B. bassiana. We conducted Petri dish and Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to characterize the preference of M. persicae to B. bassiana strain GHA. During Petri dish bioassays, more apterous and alate M. persicae were recorded in the vicinity of agar colonized by B. bassiana compared to agar, or Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and Ambrosiella grosmanniae Mayers, McNew, & Harrington as representatives of nonentomopathogenic fungi. Petri dish bioassays also determined that apterous and alate M. persicae preferred filter paper saturated with 1 × 107, 1 × 106, and 1 × 105B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween 80. Y-tube bioassays documented that more apterous and alate M. persicae oriented upwind to volatiles from B. bassiana mycelia compared to agar. Apterous and alate Myzus persicae were also preferentially attracted to 1 × 107 and 1 × 106B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween-80 during Y-tube bioassays. These results complement a previous finding that the mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) Liston is attracted to volatiles from B. bassiana. Future studies aimed at characterizing the olfactory mechanism leading to the attraction of M. persicae to B. bassiana could aid in optimizing lure-and-kill strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Geedi
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Luis Canas
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Michael E Reding
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Christopher M Ranger
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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218
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Amutha T, Rameshbabu M, Razia M, Bakri M, Florence SS, Muthupandi S, Prabha K. Structural, optical and antibacterial activity of pure and co-doped (Fe & Ni) tin oxide nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 287:121996. [PMID: 36327808 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, ferric (Fe) and nickel (Ni) co-doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles structural, optical, morphological, and antibacterial characteristics were synthesised, characterised, and examined. By employing SnCl2·2H2O and the transition metal precursors FeCl3 and NiCl2·6H2O with various Fe/Ni molar ratios, thermal annealing was carried out at a high temperature (700 °C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL), FT-IR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray techniques (EDX) were used to examine the materials' structural, chemical, optical, morphological, and anti-microbial capabilities. The average particle size of pure and co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles was determined to be around 52 nm and 15 nm, and SnO2 crystallites were observed to present tetragonal rutile structure with space group P42/mmm (No.136). Metal ions were replaced in the Sn lattice, as shown by Fe and Ni co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Pure and co-doped samples have capsule and sphere-like features in their SEM morphology. Using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the optical property was examined, and it was observed that the band gaps for pure and co-doped SnO2 were 3.73 eV and 3.53 eV, respectively. The functional groups and incorporation of Fe and Ni in the prepared powder were also validated by FT-IR and EDX studies. By utilising the agar well diffusion technique and Nutrient agar, the antibacterial properties of pure, Ni-Fe co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles annealed at 700 °C were assessed. They were evaluated against various Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus pheumoniae) and Gram-negative bacteria (Shigella dysenteria). The zone of incubation was found against the Gram +Ve and Gram -Ve bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Amutha
- Department of Physics, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rameshbabu
- Department of Physics, Arulmigu Palaniandavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani 624601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Razia
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marwah Bakri
- Department of Biology, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Sasi Florence
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Muthupandi
- Department of Physics, Loyola College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Prabha
- Department of Physics, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624101, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Terrones-Fernandez I, Casino P, López A, Peiró S, Ríos S, Nardi-Ricart A, García-Montoya E, Asensio D, Marqués AM, Castilla R, Gamez-Montero PJ, Piqué N. Improvement of the Pour Plate Method by Separate Sterilization of Agar and Other Medium Components and Reduction of the Agar Concentration. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0316122. [PMID: 36625633 PMCID: PMC9927588 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03161-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pour plate method is widely employed in microbiological quality control, it has certain drawbacks, including having to melt the culture medium before seeding. In this study, the preparation of the culture medium was modified by using a lower concentration of agar (10 g/L), which was separated from the nutrients during sterilization. The new protocol was assessed in media frequently used in microbiological quality control of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, with tryptic soy agar (TSA), Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar (SDA), and violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG). In comparison with the conventionally produced media, the modifications significantly improved the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in SDA, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Candida albicans in TSA and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and ATCC 25922 and S. Typhimurium in VRBG. The modified VRBG was also more selective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regarding physicochemical properties, a significantly lower pH was observed in TSA and VRBG and lower strength values in TSA. Sterilizing agar separately from the other components of the medium and reducing the agar concentration to 10 g/L can improve microorganism growth and enhance the selectivity of differential media in the pour plate method. These modifications could facilitate the automation of this culture technique. IMPORTANCE In the era of rapid microbiological methods, there is a need to improve long-established culture techniques. Drawbacks of the pour plate method include having to melt each medium separately before seeding. For this technique, we demonstrate that separating the agar from the other components of commonly used media during sterilization and reducing the agar concentration to 10 g/L can enhance microbial growth. The new protocol could have advantages in routine laboratory practice because less agar is required and the same molten agar suspension can be used to prepare different media. Moreover, these modifications could facilitate the automation of the pour plate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Terrones-Fernandez
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CATMech. Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P. Casino
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A. López
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S. Peiró
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S. Ríos
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A. Nardi-Ricart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E. García-Montoya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D. Asensio
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A. M. Marqués
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R. Castilla
- CATMech. Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P. J. Gamez-Montero
- CATMech. Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N. Piqué
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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220
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Potter RF, Wallace MA, Muenks CE, Alvarado K, Yarbrough ML, Burnham CAD. Evaluation of Variability in Interpretation of Disk Diffusion Testing for Cefiderocol Using Different Brands of Mueller-Hinton Agar. J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:523-534. [PMID: 36738243 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefiderocol is a new antibiotic used to treat infections with antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacilli. The impact of differences between Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) brands on susceptibility testing is underexplored. Compounding the implementation of cefiderocol susceptibility testing is a lack of harmonization between different regulatory body breakpoint criteria. METHODS We performed Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion using BD, Hardy, and Remel MHA, in addition to broth microdilution for Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25), Enterobacterales (n = 25), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 24), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 23). We analyzed disk diffusion diameters and minimum inhibitory concentrations using interpretive criteria from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). RESULTS Breakpoint criteria impacted interpretation of susceptibly testing results, for example with the broth microdilution we found 8% (2/25) of A. baumannii isolates change interpretation between CLSI and EUCAST and 32% (8/25) change between CLSI and FDA, 12% (3/25) of Enterobacterales change between CLSI and EUCAST, 13% (3/23) of P. aeruginosa interpretations change between CLSI and FDA, and 4% (1/25) S. maltophilia change between CLSI and FDA. There was a significant difference between the zone disk diffusion diameters for P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia between Hardy and BD; which changed interpretation (using CLSI criteria) for 8.7% (2/23) for P. aeruginosa but 0% (0/24) for S. maltophilia. CONCLUSIONS Breakpoint criteria impact cefiderocol susceptibility testing interpretation for broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Choice of MHA brand can also affect result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Potter
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan A Wallace
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carol E Muenks
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly Alvarado
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie L Yarbrough
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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221
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Ali J, Joshi M, Ahmadi A, Strætkvern KO, Ahmad R. Increased growth temperature and vitamin B12 supplementation reduces the lag time for rapid pathogen identification in BHI agar and blood cultures. F1000Res 2023; 12:131. [PMID: 37122874 PMCID: PMC10133824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129668.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The rapid diagnostics of pathogens is essential to prescribe appropriate and early antibiotic therapy. The current methods for pathogen detection require the bacteria to grow in a culture medium, which is time-consuming. This increases the mortality rate and the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Culture-free detection methods are still under development and are not used in the clinical routine. Therefore decreasing the culture time for accurate detection of infection and resistance is vital for diagnosis. Methods: In this study, we wanted to investigate easy-to-implement factors (in a minimal laboratory set-up), including inoculum size, incubation temperature, and additional supplementation (e.g., vitamin B12 and trace metals), that can significantly reduce the lag time (tlag). These factors were arranged in simple two-level factorial designs using Gram-positive (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria, including clinical isolates with known antimicrobial resistance profiles. Blood samples spiked with a clinical isolate of E. coli CCUG17620 were also tested to see the effect of elevated incubation temperature on bacterial growth in blood cultures. Results: We observed that increased incubation temperature (42°C) along with vitamin B12 supplementation significantly reduced the tlag (10 – 115 minutes or 4% - 49%) in pure clinical isolates and blood samples spiked with E. coli CCUG17620. In the case of the blood sample, PCR results also detected bacterial DNA after only 3h of incubation and at three times the CFU/mL. Conclusions: Enrichment of bacterial culture media with growth supplements such as vitamin B12 and increased incubation temperature can be a cheap and rapid method for the early detection of pathogens. This is a proof-of-concept study restricted to a few bacterial strains and growth conditions. In the future, the effect of other growth conditions and difficult-to-culture bacteria should be explored to shorten the lag phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Mukund Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Asal Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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222
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Xiao B, Hu Y, Feng X, Sui Z. Breeding of New Strains of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis with High Agar Content by ARTP Mutagenesis and High Osmotic Pressure Screening. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2023; 25:100-108. [PMID: 36462091 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis) mutagenesis was tried on G. lemaneiformis, and mutagenesis conditions were confirmed. An osmotic pressure screening program was established. Mutants were identified and characterized of relevant physiological traits. The aim of the study is to try to use ARTP mutagenesis and osmotic pressure screening for the breeding of high-agar G. lemaneiformis. Treatment time of 46 s was found to be an optimal mutagenesis time. The mutagenized spores were initially screened with 58‰ salinity artificial seawater, and then, the surviving spores were screened twice with 60‰ salinity artificial seawater in their vertical growth phase and branch growth phase, respectively. Four fast-growing and hypertonic resistance gametophytes were selected. The actual photosynthetic efficiency [Y(PSII)], photochemical quenching (qL), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of four mutants were measured. The values of Y(PSII) and qL of HAGL-X3 and HAGL-X5 were higher than those of the control in the early stage of salt stress. NPQs of HAGL-X3 and HAGL-X5 were higher than control in most of the times. The growth rates of the four mutants were higher than that of the control. HAGL-X4 was the highest. The agar content was measured; HAGL-X5 displayed the highest agar content among the tested strains. HAGL-X5 was more in line with expectations, because of its high agar content and good hypertonic resistance. In this study, the mutant of G. lemaneiformis with high agar content was obtained by the procedure, which provided a certain reference for the selection of G. lemaneiformis strains with high agar content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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223
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Tammina SK, Rhim JW. Carboxymethylcellulose/ agar-based functional film incorporated with nitrogen-doped polyethylene glycol-derived carbon dots for active packaging applications. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137627. [PMID: 36572362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation demonstrates the role of nitrogen doping on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derived carbon dots on optical, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. CDs' average size and surface charge were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a zeta sizer with 2.14 ± 0.6 nm and -20 mV, respectively. Though CDs without N-doping (PCD) did not show any significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, the CDs doped with nitrogen (NPCD) showed potent antioxidant (25% and 100% DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) and significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (1.8 cm inhibition zone) and Gram-negative (1.4 cm) bacteria. Both carbon dots were loaded into the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/agar-based film with different concentrations (4 and 8%) and showed a significant increase in the physicochemical properties, and UV-blocking property was increased from 53.7 to 79.9% without sacrificing the transparency. The NPCD-loaded film also showed high antioxidant (DPPH 12.7% and ABTS 67%) and potent antibacterial activity. In particular, the CMC/agar film loaded with 8% NPCD destroyed Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes completely after 6 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumar Tammina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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224
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Tejedor-Calvo E, Marco P, Spègel P, Soler-Rivas C. Extraction and trapping of truffle flavoring compounds into food matrices using supercritical CO 2. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112422. [PMID: 36737997 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A supercritical fluid extraction methodology was used to extract flavoring and bioactive compounds from truffles. Some parameters such as CO2 flow rate (1-3 mg/mL), extraction time (15-90 min) and different trapping food matrices (grape seed oil, gelatin, agar agar and water) were optimized using response surface methodology to enhance extraction and trapping yields. The optimal conditions (2.27 mg/mL CO2 flow rate, 82.5 min when using 40 °C and 30 MPa, with 1 mL grape seed oil as trapping matrix) obtained with Tuber melanosporum were applied to three different truffle species: Terfezia claveryi, Tuber aestivum and Tuber indicum. A total of 32 metabolites were profiled in the extracts using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compounds such as brassicasterol ergosta-7,22-dienol, oleic and linoleic acid were found at similar amounts in all the extracts but other molecules (e.g. fungal sterols) showed a particular distribution depending on the specie studied and whether a trapping matrix was used at the SFE outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tejedor-Calvo
- Department of Plant Science, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Agrifood Institute of Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Zaragoza University), Av. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (UAM + CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Marco
- Department of Plant Science, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Agrifood Institute of Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Zaragoza University), Av. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Peter Spègel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (UAM + CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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225
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Costa NDA, Silveira LR, Amaral EDP, Pereira GC, Paula DDA, Vieira ÉNR, Martins EMF, Stringheta PC, Leite Júnior BRDC, Ramos AM. Use of maltodextrin, sweet potato flour, pectin and gelatin as wall material for microencapsulating Lactiplantibacillus plantarum by spray drying: Thermal resistance, in vitro release behavior, storage stability and physicochemical properties. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112367. [PMID: 36737954 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Different plant products and co-products have been studied as wall materials for the microencapsulation of probiotics due to the need for new lost-cost, abundant, and natural materials. In this study, microparticles were developed by spray drying using different combinations of conventional materials such as maltodextrin, pectin, gelatin, and agar-agar with unconventional materials such as sweet potato flour to microencapsulate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. The microparticles obtained were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, thermal resistance, and rupture test. The most resistant microparticles were characterized and evaluated for probiotic viability during storage and survival to in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Microparticles A (10 % maltodextrin, 5 % sweet potato flour, and 1 % pectin) and B (10 % maltodextrin, 4 % sweet potato flour, and 2 % gelatin) showed high thermal resistance (>59 %) and survival in acidic conditions (>80 %). L. plantarum in microparticles A and B remained viable with counts > 6 log CFU.g-1 for 45 days at 8 °C and -18 °C and resisted in vitro gastrointestinal conditions after processing with counts of 8.38 and 9.10 log CFU.g-1, respectively. Therefore, the selected microparticles have great potential for application in different products in the food industry, as they promote the protection and distribution of probiotic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly de Almeida Costa
- Department of Food Technology (DTA), Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ester de Paula Amaral
- Department of Food Technology (DTA), Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eliane Maurício Furtado Martins
- Department of Food Science and Technology (DCTA), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais, Av. Dr. José Sebastião da Paixão - Lindo Vale, 36180-000 Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Stringheta
- Department of Food Technology (DTA), Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso Mota Ramos
- Department of Food Technology (DTA), Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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226
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Long T, Xie L, Pulati M, Wen Q, Guo X, Zhang D. C. elegans: Sensing the low-frequency profile of amplitude-modulated ultrasound. Ultrasonics 2023; 128:106887. [PMID: 36395535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several research groups have demonstrated that C. elegans can respond to pulsed ultrasound stimuli, and elucidating the underlying mechanisms is necessary to develop ultrasound neuromodulation. Here, amplitude-modulated (AM) ultrasound is applied to C. elegans, and its behavioral responses are investigated in detail. By loading surface acoustic waves (SAWs) onto free-moving worms on an agar surface, a carrier wave with a frequency of 8.80 MHz is selected. The signal is modulated by a rectangular or sinusoidal profile. It is demonstrated that sinusoidal modulation can produce similar responses in worms to rectangular modulation, with the strongest responses occurring at modulation frequencies of around 1.00 kHz. Meanwhile, the behavioral response is relatively weak when the ultrasonic signal is unmodulated, that is, when only the carrier wave is applied. At modulation frequencies other than 100.00 Hz to 10.00 kHz, the worms respond weakly, but when a second modulation frequency of 1.00 kHz is introduced, an improvement in response can be observed. These results suggest that C. elegans may sense the low-frequency envelope and respond to amplitude-modulated ultrasonic stimuli like an amplitude demodulator. MEC-4, an ion channel for touch sensing, is involved in the behavioral response of C. elegans to ultrasound in the present setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Long
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Linzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mayibaier Pulati
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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227
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Makambi WK, Ikonomova SP, Karlsson AJ. Quantifying the Antifungal Activity of Peptides Against Candida albicans. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64416. [PMID: 36715417 PMCID: PMC10115183 DOI: 10.3791/64416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods for performing antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida albicans are time-consuming and lack quantitative results. For example, a common approach relies on plating cells treated with different concentrations of antifungal molecules on agar plates and then counting the colonies to determine the relationship between molecule concentration and growth inhibition. This method requires many plates and substantial time to count the colonies. Another common approach eliminates the plates and counting of colonies by visually inspecting cultures treated with antifungal agents to identify the minimum concentration required to inhibit growth; however, visual inspection produces only qualitative results, and information on growth at subinhibitory concentrations is lost. This protocol describes a method for measuring the susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungal peptides. By relying on optical density measurements of cultures, the method reduces the time and materials needed to obtain quantitative results on culture growth at different peptide concentrations. The incubation of the fungus with peptides is performed in a 96-well plate using an appropriate buffer, with controls representing no growth inhibition and complete growth inhibition. Following the incubation with the peptide, the resulting cell suspensions are diluted to reduce peptide activity and then grown overnight. After overnight growth, the optical density of each well is measured and compared to the positive and negative controls to calculate the resulting growth inhibition at each peptide concentration. The results using this assay are comparable to the results using the traditional method of plating the cultures on agar plates, but this protocol reduces plastic waste and the time spent on counting colonies. Although the applications of this protocol have focused on antifungal peptides, the method will also be applicable to testing other molecules with known or suspected antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wright K Makambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
| | | | - Amy J Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland;
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228
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Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Jin J, Feng N, Shen Y. Optimization of reconstruction time of ultrasound computed tomography with a piecewise homogeneous region-based refract-ray model. Ultrasonics 2023; 127:106837. [PMID: 36075161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a novel ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) reconstruction algorithm for breast imaging is proposed. This algorithm is based on an ultrasound propagation model, the refract-ray model (RRM). In this model, the field of imaging is assumed as piecewise homogenous and is divided into several regions. The ultrasound propagation paths are considered polylines that only refract at the borders of the regions. The edge information is provided by B-mode imaging. Both simulations and experiments are implemented to validate the proposed algorithm. Compared with the traditional bent-ray model (BRM), the time of reconstructions using RRM decreases by over 90 %. In simulations, the imaging qualities for RRM and BRM are comparable, in terms of the root mean square error, the Tenengrad value, and the deformation of digital phantom. In the experiments, a cylindrical agar phantom is imaged using a customized imaging system. When imaging using RRM, the estimate of the phantom radius is about 0.1 mm in error, while it is about 0.3 mm in error using BRM. Moreover, the Tenengrad value of the result using RRM is much higher than that using BRM (9.76 compared to 0.79). The results show that the proposed algorithm can better delineate the phantom within a water bath. In future work, further experimental work is required to validate the method for improving imaging quality under breast-mimicking imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Control Theory and Engineering, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Control Theory and Engineering, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Control Theory and Engineering, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Control Theory and Engineering, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China
| | - Naizhang Feng
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Medical Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Imaging Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Medical Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Imaging Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China
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229
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Fujikawa H. [The Validity of the Poisson Distribution to Analyze Microbial Colony Counts on Agar Plates for Food Samples]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2023; 64:174-178. [PMID: 37880096 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.64.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial colony counts of food samples in microbiological examinations are one of the most important items. The probability distributions for the colony counts per agar plate at the dilution of counting had not been intensively studied so far. Recently we analyzed the colony counts of food samples with several probability distributions using the Pearson's chi-square value by the "traditional" statistics as the index of fit [Fujikawa and Tsubaki, Food Hyg.Saf.Sc., 60, 88-95 (2019)]. As a result, the selected probability distributions depended on the samples. In this study we newly selected a probability distribution, namely a statistical model, suitable for the above data with the method of maximum likelihood from the probabilistic point of view. The Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was used as the index of fit. Consequently, the Poisson model were better than the negative binomial model for all of four food samples. The Poisson model was also better than the binomial for three of four microbial culture samples. With Baysian Information Criterion (BIC), the Poisson model was also better than these two models for all the samples. These results suggested that the Poisson distribution would be the best model to estimate the colony counts of food samples. The present study would be the first report on the statistical model selection for the colony counts of food samples with AIC and BIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Asada R, Yamada Y, Sakamoto JJ, Furuta M, Tsuchido T. Theory and application of growth delay analysis of colony formation for evaluation of injured population of the stressed fungal conidia. J Microorg Control 2023; 28:93-100. [PMID: 37866901 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.3_93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A new concept of injured population assessment is proposed, in which the size of the injured population in stressed mold spores is evaluated by analyzing the colony formation process on a solid agar medium. In this method, a small paper disc containing mold spores is placed on a subculture agar plate, and the linear increase in the radius of the colony formed by development from the spore is measured over time. Then, the principle of the previously reported growth delay analysis (GDA) method originally using a liquid medium is applied to obtain the integrated viable ratio (IV) of the stressed population from the delay time relative to the growth of the unstressed population. On the other hand, the viable ratio (V) to the initial value as the colony count obtained with the stressed culture is obtained; the difference between the logarithms of V and IV is determined as the log number of the injured population. Applying this analysis method to heated spores of Cladosporium sphaerospermum, we determined the size of the injured population that occurred. This method was considered to be effective as a new method for quantifying injured populations using a solid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Asada
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yoshie Yamada
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Jin J Sakamoto
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- MPES-3U and Faculty of Materials, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Masakazu Furuta
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tetsuaki Tsuchido
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
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Sharad N, Srivastava S, Ningombam A, Malhotra R, Mathur P. E. hirae Causing Biliary Tract Infection in a Patient with Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:e100523216757. [PMID: 37165505 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230510121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E. faecium and E. faecalis are the common species of Enterococcus responsible for the majority of infections. Earlier, species other than the common ones were usually unidentified and reported as Enterococcus species. However, modern equipment, like MALDI-TOF and VITEK2, have been utilitarian, helping us to identify the previously unidentified species. E. hirae is an organism seldom reported to cause human infections. Here, we report a case of a biliary tract infection in a female patient with cholangiocarcinoma caused by E. hirae. CASE A 56-year-old female presented with fever and abdominal pain. Bile aspirated during the ERCP was received in our laboratory. The gram stain of the bile sample revealed abundant polymorphonuclear leucocytes along with gram-positive diplococci. The organism failed to grow on MacConkey agar. On blood agar, non-hemolytic colonies grew. The organism was identified as E. hirae by MALDI-TOF MS. The antibiotic susceptibility performed using VITEK2 revealed it to be resistant to high-level gentamicin and susceptible to all remaining drugs. She was successfully treated with oral ciprofloxacin for the infection. DISCUSSION Bile is colonized with bacteria due to obstruction in the biliary tree, leading to cholangitis. This causes bacterial proliferation and translocation of bacteria into the systemic circulation. Our case was resistant to high-level gentamicin, while all previously reported cases were susceptible. The resistant isolates of E. hirae being isolated from cattle and their surroundings amidst the rampant use of antibiotics in livestock can pose a difficult situation for humans. Thus, there should be regulations on antibiotic usage in livestock. Cases like these should be reported and recognized for their potential to cause outbreaks if they remain unreported. CONCLUSION Thus, E. hirae, when encountered, should not be ignored but considered a pathogen and reported. The presence of drug-resistant organisms in cattle and their surroundings, their zoonotic potential to cause infections in humans, and the uncontrolled usage of antibiotics in livestock are causes for concern. Thus, we need to be more vigilant regarding it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharad
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aparna Ningombam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNATC, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNATC, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Sinzervinch A, Lustosa IA, Kogawa AC. Review of Analytical Methods for Evaluating Azithromycin in the Context of Green Analytical Chemistry. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2369-2376. [PMID: 37859323 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128271482231010053929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin (AZT) is an antimicrobial available in different pharmaceutical forms and many people can have access to this medicine. Therefore, the existence of adequate and reliable analytical methods for evaluating the quality of AZT and AZT-based products is essential. OBJECTIVE/METHODS The purpose of this review is to discuss the analytical methods for evaluating AZT present in the literature and official compendia in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). RESULTS Among the methods found in the literature for evaluating AZT, the most used method is HPLC (62%) followed by TLC (14%) and the microbiological method by agar diffusion (14%). Even pharmacopoeias recommend the analysis of AZT by HPLC or agar diffusion. Acetonitrile and methanol account for 35% of the most used solvents in the analyses, followed by buffer. CONCLUSION AZT lacks analytical methods in the context of GAC. Both physical-chemical and microbiological methods can contemplate the environmentally friendly way to analyze AZT and AZT-based products, depending only on the chosen conditions. Ethanol, purified water, acetic acid instead of methanol, acetonitrile, buffer, formic acid in the physical-chemical methods are excellent alternatives. However, in the microbiological method, turbidimetry is a great option instead of agar diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sinzervinch
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Isadora Alves Lustosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Bezerra de Araujo CM, Wernke G, Ghislandi MG, Diório A, Vieira MF, Bergamasco R, Alves da Motta Sobrinho M, Rodrigues AE. Continuous removal of pharmaceutical drug chloroquine and Safranin-O dye from water using agar-graphene oxide hydrogel: Selective adsorption in batch and fixed-bed experiments. Environ Res 2023; 216:114425. [PMID: 36181896 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Chloroquine diphosphate, and the cationic dye Safranin-O were selectively removed from water using the agar-graphene oxide (A-GO) hydrogel, produced via simple one-step jellification process. The morphology of the A-GO biocomposite was characterized and batch experiments were performed, with adsorption isotherms satisfactorily fitting (R2 > 0.98) Sips (Safranin-O) and Freundlich (Chloroquine) isotherms. Driving force models and Fick's diffusion equation were applied to the modeling of kinetic data, and a satisfactory fit was obtained. Selective adsorption carried out in batch indicated that competitive adsorption occurs when both components are mixed in water solution - the adsorptive capacities dropped ∼10 mg g-1 for each component, remaining 41 mg g-1 for safranin-O and 31 mg g-1 for chloroquine. Fixed-bed breakthrough curves obtained in an adsorption column showed adsorption capacities over 63 mg g-1 and 100 mg g-1 for chloroquine and safranin-O, respectively, also exhibiting outstanding regenerative potentials. Overall, the biocomposite produced using graphene oxide proved to be a viable and eco-friendly alternative to continuously remove both contaminants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Bezerra de Araujo
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Prof. Arthur de Sá St., s/n, Cidade Universitária. 50740-521, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Gessica Wernke
- Department of Chemical Engineering - State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Av., 5790, Building D-90, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gomes Ghislandi
- Engineering Campus (UACSA) - Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), R. Cento e sessenta e Três, 300, 54518-430, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Diório
- Department of Chemical Engineering - State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Av., 5790, Building D-90, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fernandes Vieira
- Department of Chemical Engineering - State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Av., 5790, Building D-90, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering - State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Av., 5790, Building D-90, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maurício Alves da Motta Sobrinho
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Prof. Arthur de Sá St., s/n, Cidade Universitária. 50740-521, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Alírio Egídio Rodrigues
- LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering - Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Tasmim S, Yousuf Z, Rahman FS, Seelig E, Clevenger AJ, VandenHeuvel SN, Ambulo CP, Raghavan S, Zimmern PE, Romero-Ortega MI, Ware TH. Liquid crystal elastomer based dynamic device for urethral support: Potential treatment for stress urinary incontinence. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121912. [PMID: 36434829 PMCID: PMC9772118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is characterized by the involuntary loss of urine due to increased intra-abdominal pressure during coughing, sneezing, or exercising. SUI affects 20-40% of the female population and is exacerbated by aging. Severe SUI is commonly treated with surgical implantation of an autologous or a synthetic sling underneath the urethra for support. These slings, however, are static, and their tension cannot be non-invasively adjusted, if needed, after implantation. This study reports the fabrication of a novel device based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) capable of changing shape in response to temperature increase induced by transcutaneous IR light. The shape change of the LCE-based device was characterized in a scar tissue phantom model. An in vitro urinary tract model was designed to study the efficacy of the LCE-based device to support continence and adjust sling tension with IR illumination. Finally, the device was acutely implanted and tested for induced tension changes in female multiparous New Zealand white rabbits. The LCE device achieved 5.6% ± 1.1% actuation when embedded in an agar gel with an elastic modulus of 100 kPa. The corresponding device temperature was 44.9 °C ± 0.4 °C, and the surrounding agar temperature stayed at 42.1 °C ± 0.4 °C. Leaking time in the in vitro urinary tract model significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) when an LCE-based cuff was sutured around the model urethra from 5.2min ± 1min to 2min ±0.5min when the cuff was illuminated with IR light. Normalized leak point force (LPF) increased significantly (p = 0.01) with the implantation of an LCE-CB cuff around the bladder neck of multiparous rabbits. It decreased significantly (p = 0.023) when the device was actuated via IR light illumination. These results demonstrate that LCE material could be used to fabricate a dynamic device for treating SUI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seelay Tasmim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zuha Yousuf
- Departments of Bioengineering and Biomedical Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Farial S Rahman
- Departments of Bioengineering and Biomedical Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Emily Seelig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Abigail J Clevenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sabrina N VandenHeuvel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cedric P Ambulo
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Philippe E Zimmern
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mario I Romero-Ortega
- Departments of Bioengineering and Biomedical Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Lieberman V, Estrada EM, Swinehart M, Feng Y, Harris LJ. Fate of foodborne pathogens during soaking and drying of walnuts. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100011. [PMID: 36916594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts are among the most popular tree nuts that are soaked at home. Recipes for preparing soaked walnut kernels from online blogs (n = 71) and YouTube videos (n = 29) were reviewed to identify typical consumer handling practices that were then used to determine the fate of foodborne pathogens during soaking and subsequent drying of walnut kernels. Individual five-strain cocktails of rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella, grown on agar plates and diluted in water, were inoculated onto walnuts and then dried. Inoculated walnuts were added to sterile water at a ratio of 1:4 (w/v), held at 15, 18, or 22°C for up to 24 h, and then dried at 64°C for up to 24 h (for Salmonella-inoculated walnuts). Pathogen populations during soaking and drying were enumerated on tryptic soy agar with rifampin and on CHROM agar. Initial walnut moisture was ∼4%, increased to ∼30% at 8 and 24 h of soaking and then decreased during drying to ∼4% at 6 h and <1% after 24 h. Initial E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella populations were ∼1.0, ∼1.5, and 1.0-2.5 log CFU/g, respectively, after inoculation and drying. No significant (P > 0.05) increase in populations was observed after 24 h at 15 and 18°C or after 12 h at 22°C. Significant increases of 1.9-3.0, 1.2-2.1, and 1.8 log CFU/g for E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively, were observed after 24 h of soaking at 22°C. Growth rates of 0.19, 0.093, and 0.16 log CFU/sample per h, respectively, were observed. Lag times of 8.8 and 11 h at 22°C were determined for E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. Populations of Salmonella declined by 1.04 log CFU/g over 12 h of drying; further significant (P < 0.05) decreases were not observed at 24 h. To limit food safety risks in soaked walnuts, educational materials should emphasize sourcing treated walnuts, kitchen sanitation, hygiene measures, and soaking at cooler temperatures or for shorter times at ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lieberman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8598, USA; Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8598, USA.
| | - Erika M Estrada
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8598, USA; Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8598, USA.
| | - Maeve Swinehart
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Yaohua Feng
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Linda J Harris
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8598, USA; Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8598, USA.
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Zahija I, Jeršek B, Demšar L, Polak ML, Polak T. Production of Aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus parasiticus Grown on a Novel Meat-Based Media. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:25. [PMID: 36668845 PMCID: PMC9866511 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop meat-based media with compositions similar to those of dry-fermented meat products and to evaluate their use in studying the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and the kinetics of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production. In our previous experiments, we found that the strain A. parasiticus ŽMJ7 produced a high amount of AFB1. Cooked meat agar (CMA2) was used as a novel complex meat-based medium with four variations: CMA2G (CMA2 supplemented with 1% glucose), CMA2YE (CMA2 supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract), and CMA2GYE (CMA2 supplemented with 1% glucose and 0.2% yeast extract). Media were inoculated with an A. parasiticus spore suspension (105 spores/mL) and incubated at 25 °C for up to 15 days. The A. parasiticus lag phase lasted less than 1 day, irrespective of the growth medium, with the exception of control medium CMA1 (cooked meat agar) as an already known meat-based medium. The highest mean colony growth rate was observed on CMA2 and CMA2G. Reversed-phase UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the AFB1 concentration in combination with solid phase extraction (SPE). The highest AFB1 concentration in meat-based media was detected in CMA2GYE after 15 days of incubation (13,502 ± 2367 ng/mL media). The results showed that for studying AFB1 production in dry-fermented meat products, novel suitable media such as CMA2-based media are required. This finding could represent a potential concern with regard to the production of dry-fermented meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomaž Polak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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237
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Uzeh RE, Imafidon S. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria in Selected Nigerian traditional dairy products. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:619-626. [PMID: 37092105 PMCID: PMC10117513 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i4.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Wara and nono are popular dairy products in Nigeria, rich in nutrients, highly exposed to microbial contaminants during processing and sale and support microbial growth.
Objectives: To investigate occurrence and antibiotic resistance pattern of enteric bacterial pathogens in dairy products.
Methods: Dairy products were serially diluted and cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar, McConkey agar and nutrient agar at 37°C for 24 h. Characterisation and identification of isolates with API 20E kit (Biomereux, France). Antibiotic susceptibility was with agar disc diffusion. Polyvalent O and H antisera for Salmonella serotyping.
Results: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens, were identified. Dominant enteric bacterium detected was E. coli followed by Salmonella spp. Serratia marcescens was the least occurring. The isolates were most resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96.7%), amoxicillin (83.3%), augmentin (83.3%), chloramphenicol (66.7%), streptomycin (50%). They were resistant to ≥ 4 (multiple) antibiotics, E. coli 8, Salmonella spp. 7, Serratia marcescens 6 and Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. 4 each.
Conclusion: The presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in wara and nono and their resistance to multiple antibiotics was reported in this study.
Keywords: Nono; wara; antibiotic resistance; enteric bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline E Uzeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Imafidon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Kelley CJ, Kennedy-Mendez A, Walser ON, Thwaites MT, Arhin FF, Pillar CM, Hufnagel DA. Evaluation of Dilution Susceptibility Testing Methods for Aztreonam in Combination with Avibactam against Enterobacterales. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0360122. [PMID: 36342288 PMCID: PMC9769647 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03601-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As multidrug and pan-resistance among Enterobacterales continue to increase, there is an urgent need for more therapeutic options to treat these infections. New β-lactam and β-lactam inhibitor (BLI) combinations have a broad spectrum of activity, but those currently approved do not provide coverage against isolates harboring metallo-β-lactamases (MBL). Aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) in combination (ATM/AVI; AVI at 4 μg/mL fixed concentration) provides a similarly broad range of activity while maintaining activity against MBL-producing isolates. The in vitro susceptibility testing of ATM/AVI by standard methods was evaluated during development. This study investigated the impact of nonstandard testing conditions on the activity of ATM/AVI as observed during broth microdilution testing as well as the equivalency between agar dilution and broth microdilution MIC values when testing a diverse panel of Enterobacterales (N = 201). Nonstandard test conditions evaluated included inoculum density, atmosphere of incubation, media pH, varied medium cation concentrations, incubation time, varied serum concentrations, testing in pooled urine instead of media, addition of blood to the media, and the presence of surfactant. Generally, apart from low pH and high inoculum density, nonstandard testing parameters did not affect ATM/AVI broth microdilution MIC values. Correlation of MIC values obtained by agar dilution and broth microdilution resulted in an essential agreement of 97.0% for all tested Enterobacterales. Variation of standard testing conditions had little impact on broth microdilution MIC values for ATM/AVI. The correlation between broth microdilution and agar dilution MICs suggests both methods are reliable for determination of ATM/AVI MIC values. IMPORTANCE Increasing antibiotic resistance and emergence of pan-resistant isolates threaten the ability to control infections and to provide many other medical interventions such as surgery and chemotherapy, among others. New therapies are required to control emerging resistance mechanisms, including the increase in metallo-β-lactamases. Some new antibiotic combinations provide coverage against highly resistant isolates but are unable to target organisms that produce metallo-β-lactamases. Aztreonam in combination with avibactam provides a broad spectrum of activity against highly resistant isolates that also targets metallo-β-lactamase-producing organisms. An important part of drug development is the ability for clinical labs to determine the susceptibility of isolates to the antimicrobial. This manuscript investigates the in vitro susceptibility testing of aztreonam/avibactam with nonstandard testing conditions and a correlation study between broth microdilution and agar dilution against clinical isolates encoding a variety of resistance mechanisms. Overall, aztreonam/avibactam was generally unaffected by changes in testing conditions and showed strong agar/broth correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Kelley
- Microbiologics Antibiotic and Microbiome Research Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - A. Kennedy-Mendez
- Microbiologics Antibiotic and Microbiome Research Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - O. N. Walser
- Microbiologics Antibiotic and Microbiome Research Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - M. T. Thwaites
- Microbiologics Antibiotic and Microbiome Research Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | | | - C. M. Pillar
- Microbiologics Antibiotic and Microbiome Research Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - D. A. Hufnagel
- Microbiologics Antibiotic and Microbiome Research Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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Watanabe M, Igarashi K, Kato S, Kamagata Y, Kitagawa W. Critical Effect of H 2O 2 in the Agar Plate on the Growth of Laboratory and Environmental Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0333622. [PMID: 36321925 PMCID: PMC9769597 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03336-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that autoclaving in preparing agar media is one of the sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the medium. This medium-embedded H2O2 was shown to lower the total colony count of environmental microorganisms. However, the critical concentrations of H2O2 detrimental to colony formation on the agar plate remain largely undetermined. Herein, we elucidated the specific effect of H2O2 on microbial colony formation on solid agar medium by external supplementation of varying amounts of H2O2. While common laboratory strains (often called domesticated microbes) formed colonies in the presence of high H2O2 concentrations (48.8 μM or higher), microbes from a freshwater sample demonstrated greatly decreased colony counts in the presence of 8.3 μM H2O2. This implies that environmental microbes are susceptible to much lower concentrations of H2O2 than laboratory strains. Among the emergent colonies on agar plates supplemented with different H2O2 concentrations, the relative abundance of betaproteobacterial colonies was found to be lower on plates containing higher amounts of H2O2. Further, the growth of the representative betaproteobacterial isolates was completely inhibited in the presence of 7.2 μM H2O2. Therefore, our study clearly demonstrates that low micromolar levels of H2O2 in agar plates critically affect growth of environmental microbes, and large portions of those are far more susceptible to the same than laboratory strains. IMPORTANCE It is well-known that most of environmental microorganisms do not form colonies on agar medium despite that agar medium is the commonly used solidified medium. We previously demonstrated the negative effects of H2O2 generation during agar medium preparation on colony formation. In the present study, we investigated the independent effect of H2O2 on microbial growth by adding different concentrations of H2O2 to agar medium. Our results demonstrate for the first time that even low micromolar levels of H2O2 in agar plates, that are far lower than previously recognized as significant, adversely affect colony number obtained from freshwater inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kensuke Igarashi
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Souichiro Kato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wataru Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Huang SY, Gong YL, Zhou DP, Jiang LL, Xiang LJ, Chen ZH, Wang DL, Huang GT. [Plasmids carried by carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in burn patients and its correlation with strain transmission]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2022; 38:1140-1147. [PMID: 36594144 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210930-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the carrier status of carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) plasmids in burn patients and analyze the correlation of these plasmids with the transmission of CRKP. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. A total of 26 CRKP strains, which were isolated from the clinic-related samples of 22 burn patients (with 20 males and 2 females, aged (42±16) years) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from January to December 2017, were collected and individually numbered. The plasmids of the strains were extracted by alkali lysis. After determination of the plasmid concentration by a nucleic acid concentration detector, the agarose gel electrophoresis was used to visualize the bands, and rough plasmids typing was performed. The plasmid of the smallest numbered CRKP in each plasmid type was transformed into competent Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain Top10 (hereinafter referred to as TOP10 strain). The growth of each transformed strains and a Top10 strain cultivated in ampicillin containing Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium overnight was observed, and the proportion of successful transformation was calculated. The plasmids from the smallest numbered plasmid carrying CRKP strain of successfully transformed Top10 strains (hereinafter referred to as the smallest successfully transformed strain) and correspondingly numbered CRKP were extracted, and then, the agarose gel electrophoresis was used to visualize the bands. Aforementioned successfully transformed strains and a TOP10 strain were used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing with 17 antibiotics commonly used in clinic. The plasmid from the smallest successfully transformed strain was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology. Bioinformatics analyses such as protein-coding gene prediction and protein sequence alignment were performed successively. The sequence was subsequently named pKP03-NDM1 according to the carrying of drug resistance gene. According to the whole genome sequence of the plasmid carried by the smallest successfully transformed strain, the polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gene sequencing were used to detect the New Delhi metallo-beta lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) of plasmids in the remaining 25 strains of CRKP. The ST typing in multilocus sequence typing of 26 strains of CRKP was analyzed based on the literature. Results: Plasmids were successfully extracted from 26 CRKP, with mass concentrations ranging from 19.3 to 189.8 ng/μL. Each of the 26 CRKP carrying plasmids showed at least one band longer than 2 500 bp in the agarose gel electrophoresis, which were roughly divided into 6 patterns of A, B, C, D, E, and F. After overnight cultivation, no growth of strains was observed in LB agar medium containing ampicillin inoculated with the TOP10 strain or TOP10 strains transformed by the plasmid of CRKP patterning A, B, D, or E. In contrast, TOP10 strains transformed by the pattern C plasmid from NO.3 CRKP and the pattern F plasmid from NO.15 CRKP resulted in numerous colony growths, and those transformed strains were named as TOP10-pKP03 and TOP10-pKP15, respectively. The proportion of successful transformation was 1/3. The plasmid carried by TOP10-pKP03 showed a single band in the agarose gel electrophoresis, which was the same size as the largest band of the plasmid from NO.3 CRKP. The TOP10 strain was sensitive to the 17 antibiotics commonly used in clinic. TOP10-pKP03 and TOP10-pKP15 were resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems but remained sensitive to monocyclic β-lactam, aminoglycosides, quinolones and tigecycline. The full length of the plasmid carried by TOP10-pKP03 was 41 190 bp. In addition to blaNDM-1, this plasmid carried bleMBL, T4SS, bleomycin resistance gene, conjugation transfer elements, and relaxase, etc. The plasmid showed 99% nucleotide identity similarity and the same length to the plasmid pJN24NDM1 extracted from an E. coli isolate JN24. Totally 16 (61.5%) CRKP were confirmed to carrying blaNDM-1 gene, among the ST typing of the 16 strains, 11 strains were ST11, while ST215, ST260, ST395, ST2230, and new ST had 1 strain each. Among the ST typing of 10 blaNDM-1-negative CRKP, 8 strains were ST11, while ST395 and ST2230 had 1 strain each. Conclusions: A blaNDM-1 gene carrying plasmid pKP03-NDM1 was extracted and sequenced from CRKP isolated from burn patients, with a high plasmid carrying rate. Meanwhile, this plasmid may mediate inter-CRKP and CRKP-E. coli horizontal transfer of blaNDM-1, leading to transmission of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Y L Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - D P Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - L L Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - L J Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Z H Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - D L Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - G T Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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241
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Lennon ÁM, Brune L, Techert S, Buchalla W. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows porphyrins produced by cultured oral bacteria differ depending on composition of growth media. Caries Res 2022; 57:74-86. [PMID: 36529123 PMCID: PMC10137314 DOI: 10.1159/000528731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected tissue, mature plaque or calculus. A range of porphyrins has been identified as the source of this fluorescence in carious tissue. It is not clear which of these porphyrins are produced by individual oral bacteria or whether this ability depends on other factors. This study examined and compared the fluorescence spectra produced by selected cultured oral bacteria when grown on agars containing different nutrients with spectra for protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, haematoporphyrin and haematin. Actinomyces israelii (DSM, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, 43320), Actinomyces naeslundii (DSM 43013), Fusobacterium nucleatum (DSM 20482), Lactobacillus casei (DSM 20011), Prevotella intermedia (DSM 20706), Streptococcus mutans (DSM 20523), Streptococcus oralis (DSM 20627), Streptococcus salivarius (DSM 20560) and Streptococcus sobrinus (DSM 20742) were rehydrated and grown anaerobically on caso, caso blood (containing 5% sheep blood) and caso chlorophyll (containing 5% spinach extract) agar for 3 days at 37°C, in the dark. Colonies were harvested, transferred to ethanol, and centrifuged. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from the supernatant at 405nm excitation (Fluorolog 3-22. Jobin Yvon-Spex ISA, Edison, NJ, USA). All streptococci, L. casei and F. nucleatum produced red fluorescence when grown on caso and caso chlorophyll agar, but not on caso blood agar. A. naeslundii and P. intermedia emitted intense red fluorescence when grown on caso or caso blood agar but not on caso chlorophyll agar. Fluorescence emission spectra of A. naeslundii and P. intermedia grown on caso blood agar correlated exactly with both fluorescence peaks for protoporphyrin-IX at 632 and 701nm. Most peaks observed could be correlated with at least one of the emission-peaks of protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX or haematoporphyrin. Oral bacteria emitted red fluorescence matching known porphyrins, but this depended on nutrients available in the agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine M. Lennon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Áine M Lennon,
| | | | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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242
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Anoy MMI, Gelston S, Mohamed A, Flurin L, Raval YS, Greenwood-Quaintance K, Patel R, Lewandowski Z, Beyenal H. Hypochlorous acid produced at the counter electrode inhibits catalase and increases bactericidal activity of a hydrogen peroxide generating electrochemical bandage. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108261. [PMID: 36115186 PMCID: PMC10080710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, an electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) that uses a three-electrode system to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrochemically on its working electrode was developed as a potential strategy for treating biofilms; it showed activity in reducing biofilms in an agar biofilm model. Xanthan gum-based hydrogel, including NaCl, was used as the electrolyte. While H2O2 generated at the working electrode in the vicinity of a biofilm is a main mechanism of activity, the role of the counter electrode was not explored. The goal of this research was to characterize electrochemical reactions occurring on the counter electrode of the e-bandage. Counter electrode potential varied between 1.2 and 1.5 VAg/AgCl; ∼125 µM hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was generated within 24 h in the e-bandage system. When HOCl was not produced on the counter electrode (achieved by removing NaCl from the hydrogel), reduction of Acinetobacter baumannii BAA-1605 biofilm was 1.08 ± 0.38 log10 CFU/cm2 after 24 h treatment, whereas when HOCl was produced, reduction was 3.87 ± 1.44 log10 CFU/cm2. HOCl inhibited catalase activity, abrogating H2O2 decomposition. In addition to H2O2 generation, the previously described H2O2-generating e-bandage generates HOCl on the counter electrode, enhancing its biocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monzurul Islam Anoy
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Yash S Raval
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Zbigniew Lewandowski
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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243
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Weiland JE, Ohkura M, Scagel CF, Davis EA, Beck BR. Cool Temperatures Favor Growth of Oregon Isolates of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and Increase Severity of Boxwood Blight on Two Buxus Cultivars. Plant Dis 2022; 106:3100-3108. [PMID: 35581912 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0769-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled environment experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature on Calonectria pseudonaviculata mycelial growth and the effects of temperature and infection period on boxwood blight severity. In experiment 1, 15 Oregon isolates (representing five genotypes) were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) at six temperatures from 5 to 30°C. Growth (culture diameter) was measured after 2 weeks. Optimal growth occurred at 25°C on PDA and 20°C on MEA. Isolates of genotype G1 also grew faster than genotype G2, but only on MEA at 25°C. In experiment 2, Buxus cultivars Green Velvet (GV, more susceptible) and Winter Gem (WG, more resistant) were inoculated and incubated in moist chambers for 9 or 24 h at 22°C (infection period), then moved into growth chambers at 15 or 25°C. After 4 weeks, chamber temperatures were switched, and plants were incubated for 4 more weeks. Disease severity was evaluated weekly. During the first 4 weeks, disease was generally more severe on GV than WG, on plants with a 24-h versus a 9-h infection period, and on plants incubated at 15°C versus 25°C. However, disease was just as severe on WG as GV when the 24-h infection period was followed by incubation at 15°C. After the temperatures were switched, disease increased only on WG that were cooled from 25 to 15°C. Results show that Oregon isolates of C. pseudonaviculata are capable of growing faster and causing more severe disease at temperatures cooler than those reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry E Weiland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - Mana Ohkura
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Carolyn F Scagel
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - E Anne Davis
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
| | - Bryan R Beck
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330
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Hegde S, Shi DW, Johnson JC, Geesala R, Zhang K, Lin YM, Shi XZ. Mechanistic Study of Coffee Effects on Gut Microbiota and Motility in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:4877. [PMID: 36432563 PMCID: PMC9699609 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of coffee has benefits in postoperative ileus. We tested the hypothesis that the benefits may be related to the effects of coffee on gut microbiota and motility and studied the mechanisms of action in rats. The in vitro and in vivo effects of regular and decaffeinated (decaf) coffee on gut microbiota of the ileum and colon were determined by bacterial culture and quantitative RT-PCR. Ileal and colonic smooth muscle contractility was determined in a muscle bath. In the in vivo studies, coffee solution (1 g/kg) was administered by oral gavage daily for 3 days. Compared to regular LB agar, the growth of microbiota in the colon and ileal contents was significantly suppressed in LB agar containing coffee or decaf (1.5% or 3%). Treatment with coffee or decaf in vivo for 3 days suppressed gut microbiota but did not significantly affect gut motility or smooth muscle contractility. However, coffee or decaf dose-dependently caused ileal and colonic muscle contractions in vitro. A mechanistic study found that compound(s) other than caffeine contracted gut smooth muscle in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. In conclusion, coffee stimulates gut smooth muscle contractions via a muscarinic receptor-dependent mechanism and inhibits microbiota in a caffeine-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrilakshmi Hegde
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Daniel W. Shi
- College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John C. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- John Sealy School of Medicine Class 2025, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - You-Min Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xuan-Zheng Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Chang R, Wang T, Liu Q, Tang J, Wu D. Ag Nanoparticles@ Agar Gel as a 3D Flexible and Stable SERS Substrate with Ultrahigh Sensitivity. Langmuir 2022; 38:13822-13832. [PMID: 36326574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have become one of the research hot spots due to the facile sampling by swabbing or wrapping on rough surfaces and the sensitive and nondestructive detection of contaminants. In this work, we proposed a simple and fast in situ reduction method to prepare Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) composited agar hydrogel (Ag NPs@Agar) flexible SERS substrate. Owing to the three-dimensional (3D) structure, good hydrophilicity and adsorption of the agar hydrogel, Ag NPs were grown uniformly in the 3D cross-linked structure. The distribution density of Ag NPs was further increased by the volume shrinkage when the hydrogel was dried in air. This high density and uniformly distribution of Ag NPs produced a large number of highly active SERS regions. In addition, the sensitivity of Ag NPs@Agar was further improved with the assistance of hydrophilic agar gel, which can trap the probe molecules into highly active SERS areas. The SERS results showed that the substrate can be used to detect dye molecules (rhodamine 6G), the minimum detectable concentration was 10-15 M, the relative standard deviation tested at 18 different positions was only 7.58%, and the intensity of the characteristic peak at 611 cm-1 decreased only about 10% after 49 days of storage, demonstrating the superior stability. Moreover, the Ag NPs@Agar substrate also could successfully achieve the micro-trace detection of melamine and sodium penicillin G in Xinjiang specialty camel milk powder. The above available results show that the prepared flexible Ag NPs@Agar SERS substrates possess potentials for the illegal additives and antibiotics in food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Dongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, Xinjiang, PR China
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Avram A, Rapuntean S, Gorea M, Tomoaia G, Mocanu A, Horovitz O, Rapuntean G, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. In vitro antibacterial effect of forsterite nanopowder: synthesis and characterization. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:77097-77112. [PMID: 35676576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were the preparation, characterization, and in vitro antibacterial activity evaluation of forsterite (FS, Mg2SiO4) nanopowder obtained by two major methods, namely sol-gel (FSsg) and co-precipitation (FSpp). The main aim was to determine the influence of preparation methodologies on physical properties and in vitro antibacterial activity of obtained forsterite nanopowder. To assess the best working temperature for the preparation of FSsg and FSpp, the synthesis and thermal treatment conditions were optimized on the basis of thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis performed on the dried gel and dried co-precipitated solid, respectively. The FSsg and FSpp powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), indicating a high purity for both FSsg and FSpp powders. The morphology of FSsg and FSpp nanopowders was explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro antibacterial activity was investigated using a targeted pathogen, namely Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538 P as tested strain by broth dilution technique and inoculations on nutrient agar to highlight the bactericidal inhibitory effect. FSsg nanopowder has no inhibitory capacity, while FSpp produced inhibition, the effect being bactericidal at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The superior bactericidal activity of FSpp against FSsg is due to variation in the own surface properties, such as specific surface area (SSA) and nano-regime particle size. The FSpp nanoparticles, NPs, obtained by co-precipitation method are reported for the first time as a novel bactericidal nanomaterial against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Avram
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany J. Str, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin Rapuntean
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Str, RO-400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Gorea
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany J. Str, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 Traian Mosoiu Str, RO-400132, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str, RO-050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany J. Str, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ossi Horovitz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany J. Str, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Rapuntean
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Str, RO-400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany J. Str, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str, RO-050044, Bucharest, Romania.
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247
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Ghorpade A, Anitha V, Ravindran M. Colletotrichum asianum: A Novel Phytopathogen Causing Human Infection-A Case Report. Cornea 2022; 41:1458-1461. [PMID: 35439794 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report the predisposing factors, clinical features, microbiological characteristics, and the management of the novel identified species, Colletotrichum asianum . METHODS Two patients, farmers by occupation, with a history of trauma with vegetative material, presented to us with redness and pain. The corneal scrapings revealed branched hyphae on potassium hydroxide mount, and woolly aerial fungal mycelia with gray colonies were seen on blood agar and potato dextrose agar. The findings were suggestive of a novel fungal organism C. asianum . RESULTS Both patients showed a remarkable response to commonly used antifungal agents. A healing response was obtained in 4 weeks. Molecular analysis by sequencing of the internal transcribed region of ribosomal DNA was performed to confirm the species C. asianum in both cases. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing infective keratitis secondary to C. asianum .
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ghorpade
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, India ; and
| | - Venugopal Anitha
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, India ; and
| | - Meenakshi Ravindran
- Paediatric and Strabismus Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, India
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Zhou L, Jiao L, Ju J, Ma X. Effect of Sodium Selenite on the Metabolite Profile of Epichloë sp. Mycelia from Festuca sinensis in Solid Culture. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4865-4879. [PMID: 34973128 PMCID: PMC9492591 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with many beneficial effects for humans and other living organisms. Numerous microorganisms in culture systems enrich and convert inorganic selenium to organic selenium. In this study, Epichloë sp. from Festuca sinensis was exposed to increasing Na2SeO3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mmol/L) in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 8 weeks. Epichloë sp. mycelia were immediately collected after mycelial diameters were measured at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of cultivation, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis was performed on different groups of Epichloë sp. mycelia. Different changes were observed as Epichloë sp. was exposed to different selenite conditions and cultivation time. The colony diameter of Epichloë sp. decreased in response to increased selenite concentrations, whereas the inhibitory effects diminished over time. Seventy-two of the 203 identified metabolites did not differ significantly across selenite treatments within the same time point, while 82 compounds did not differ significantly between multiple time points of the same Se concentration. However, the relative levels of 122 metabolites increased the most under selenite conditions. Specifically, between the 4th and 8th weeks, there were increases in 2-keto-isovaleric acid, uridine, and maltose in selenite treatments compared to controls. Selenium increased glutathione levels and exhibited antioxidant properties in weeks 4, 5, and 7. Additionally, we observed that different doses of selenite could promote the production of carbohydrates such as isomaltose, cellobiose, and sucrose; fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; and amino acids such as lysine and tyrosine in Epichloë sp. mycelia. Therefore, Epichloë sp. exposed to selenite stress may benefit from increased levels of some metabolite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Lu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Jiasheng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xuelan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
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249
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Reyes C, Sajó Z, Lucas MS, Sinha A, Schwarze FWMR, Ribera J, Nyström G. Cocultivation of White-Rot Fungi and Microalgae in the Presence of Nanocellulose. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0304122. [PMID: 36154147 PMCID: PMC9604150 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03041-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocultivation of fungi and algae can result in a mutualistic or antagonistic interaction depending on the species involved and the cultivation conditions. In this study, we investigated the growth behavior and enzymatic activity of two filamentous white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Trametes pubescens) and two freshwater algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) cocultured in the presence of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The growth of fungi and algae was studied in liquid, agar medium, and 3D-printed nanocellulose hydrogels. The results showed that cocultures grew faster under nutrient-rich conditions than in nutrient-depleted conditions. Key cellulose-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanase and laccase activities, were higher in liquid cocultures of T. versicolor and S. vacuolatus in the presence of cellulose compared to single cultures of fungi or algae. Although similar results were observed for cocultures of T. pubescens and C. vulgaris, laccase production diminished over time in these cultures. Fungi and algae were capable of growth in 3D-printed cellulose hydrogels. These results showed that cellulase enzyme production could be enhanced by cocultivating white-rot fungi with freshwater algae under nutrient-rich conditions with TEMPO-CNF and CNC. Additionally, the growth of white-rot fungi and freshwater algae in printed cellulose hydrogels demonstrates the potential use of fungi and algae in hydrogel systems for biotechnological applications, including biofuel production and bio-based fuel cell components. IMPORTANCE Depending on the conditions used to grow fungi and algae in the lab, they can interact in a mutually beneficial or negative way. These interactions could stimulate the organisms to produce enzymes in response to the interaction. We studied how wood decay fungi and freshwater algae grew in the presence and absence of cellulose, one of the basic building blocks of wood. How fungi and algae grew in 3D-printed cellulose hydrogels was also tested. Our results showed that fungi and algae partners produced significantly larger amounts of enzymes that degraded cellulose when grown with cellulose than when grown alone. In addition, fungi and algae were shown to grow in dense nanocellulose hydrogels and could survive the shear conditions during gel structuring while 3D-printing. These cultures could potentially be applied in the biotech industry for applications like energy production from cellulose, biofuel production, and bioremediation of cellulose material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reyes
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Zsófia Sajó
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Susanna Lucas
- Scientific Center for Light and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ashutosh Sinha
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technolgy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier Ribera
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technolgy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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250
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Zhang Y, Shang L, Roffel S, Krom BP, Gibbs S, Deng D. Stable reconstructed human gingiva–microbe interaction model: Differential response to commensals and pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991128. [PMID: 36339338 PMCID: PMC9631029 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate human oral health and disease, models are required which represent the interactions between the oral mucosa and microbiome. Our aim was to develop an organotypic model which maintains viability of both host and microbes for an extended period of time. Methods Reconstructed Human Gingiva (RHG) were cultured air-lifted with or without penicillin-streptomycin (PS) and topically exposed to Streptococcus gordonii (commensal) or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (pathogen) for 72 hours in agar. RHG histology, viability and cytokines (ELISA), and bacterial viability (colony forming units) and location (FISH) were assessed. Results The low concentration of topically applied agar did not influence RHG viability. Topically applied bacteria in agar remained localized and viable for 72 hours and did not spill over to infect RHG culture medium. PS in RHG culture medium killed topically applied bacteria. Co-culture with living bacteria did not influence RHG viability (Ki67 expression, MTT assay) or histology (epithelium differentiation, Keratin10 expression). RHG exposed to S. gordonii (with or without PS) did not influence low level of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 or CXCL1 secretion. However, all cytokines increased (except CCL2) when RHG were co-cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effect was significantly more in the presence of living, rather than dead, A. actinomycetemcomitans. Both bacteria resulted in increased expression of RHG antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Elafin and HBD-2, with S. gordonii exposure resulting in the most Elafin secretion. Conclusion This technical advance enables living human oral host–microbe interactions to be investigated during a 72-hour period and shows differences in innate immunology triggered by S. gordonii and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Orthodontic, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Roffel
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Deng,
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