201
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McCausland JA, Levine AD. Colorimetric evaluation of PAGE gradient gels. Anal Biochem 2020; 594:113613. [PMID: 32035038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A McCausland
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4960, USA
| | - Alan D Levine
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4960, USA.
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202
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Bielczynski LW, Schansker G, Croce R. Consequences of the reduction of the Photosystem II antenna size on the light acclimation capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:866-879. [PMID: 31834625 PMCID: PMC7154682 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In several systems, from plant's canopy to algal bioreactors, the decrease of the antenna size has been proposed as a strategy to increase the photosynthetic efficiency. However, still little is known about possible secondary effects of such modifications. This is particularly relevant because the modulation of the antenna size is one of the most important light acclimation responses in photosynthetic organisms. In our study, we used an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (dLhcb2), which has a 60% decrease of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, the two main components of the major Photosystem II antenna complex. We show that the mutant maintains the photosynthetic and photoprotective capacity of the Wild Type (WT) and adapts to different light conditions by remodelling its photosynthetic apparatus, but the regulatory mechanism differs from that of the WT. Surprisingly, it does not compensate for the decreased light-harvesting capacity by increasing other pigment-protein complexes. Instead, it lowers the ratio of the cytochrome b6 f and ATP synthase to the photosystems, regulating linear electron flow and maintaining the photosynthetic control at the level of these complexes as in the WT. We show that targeting the reduction of two specific antenna proteins, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, represents a viable solution to obtain plants with a truncated antenna size, which still maintain the capacity to acclimate to different light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik W. Bielczynski
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Energy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and AstronomyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gert Schansker
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Energy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and AstronomyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Energy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and AstronomyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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203
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Kashyap N, Roy K, Moholkar VS. Mechanistic investigations in ultrasound-assisted biodegradation of phenanthrene. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 62:104890. [PMID: 31796330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study has addressed the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenanthrene using Candida tropicalis. Optimization using central composite statistical design yielded optimum experimental parameters as: pH = 6.2, temperature = 33.4 °C, mechanical shaking = 190 rpm and % inoculum = 9.26% v/v. Sonication of biodegradation mixture at 33 kHz and 10% duty cycle in log phase (12 h per day for 4 days) resulted in a 25% enhancement in phenanthrene removal. Profiles of specific growth rate (µ) and specific degradation rate (q) versus initial substrate concentration were fitted to Haldane substrate inhibition model. Both µ and q showed maxima for initial concentration of 100 mg L-1. Kinetic analysis of degradation profiles showed higher biomass yield coefficient and smaller decay coefficient in presence of sonication. Expression of total intracellular proteins in control and test experiments were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. This analysis revealed overexpression of enzyme catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (in meta route metabolism) during sonication which is involved in ring cleavage of phenanthrene. Evaluation of cell viability after sonication by flow cytometry analysis revealed > 80% live cells. These effects are attributed to enhanced cellular transport induced by intense microturbulence generated by sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Kashyap
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Vijayanand S Moholkar
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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204
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Zhong Z, Xiong YL. Thermosonication-induced structural changes and solution properties of mung bean protein. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 62:104908. [PMID: 31806548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean protein is considered a highly nutritive food ingredient, but its solution properties are not well defined. In this study, suspensions of mung bean protein isolate (MPI, 10%, w/v) were subjected to high intensity ultrasound (20 kHz, 30% amplitude) at varied durations (5, 10, 20, and 30 min) with controlled temperatures (30, 50, and 70 °C) to determine the effects of thermosonication treatment on physical properties of the protein solution. Results showed that thermosonication treatment significantly reduced the particle size and free sulfhydryl content of MPI in a time-dependent manner. Ultrasound increased surface hydrophobicity, and the exposure of nonpolar groups led to the formation of soluble aggregates. Changes in secondary structure of MPI were minimal at 30 and 50 °C but were significant at 70 °C. The dissociation of native components followed by reaggregation into soluble particles following ultrasound treatment at 70 °C resulted in remarkable improvements of protein solubility (>2 fold), clarity, and stability of the MPI suspensions. The findings indicated that thermosonication could be a promising technology for the processing of mung bean protein beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Youling L Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
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205
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Wang N, Liu X, Li J, Zhang Q, Li X, An Q, Ye X, Zhao Z, Cai L, Han Y, Zhao M, Wenjun W. Antibacterial mechanism of the synergistic combination between streptomycin and alcohol extracts from the Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 250:112467. [PMID: 31837412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. Is a unique traditional medicinal plant in ancient China, and it can eliminate turbid pathogens with aromatics, clear heat, detoxify, prevent colds and influenza, Xinhua Compendium of Materia Medica records that. AIM OF THE STUDY In previous study, we investigated the regulation of ethanol extracts (EEs) from C. salicifolius S. Y. Hu. leaves on three common antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin, imipenem) by the checkerboard method. The combination exhibited the best synergy among all combinations, which were composed of streptomycin and 50% EE (SE) from the C. salicifolius S. Y. Hu. leaves. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of the SE against Escherichia coli (E. coli, G-) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, G+). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial mechanism of the SE was explored by the time-kill test, the phosphorus metabolism, cell membrane integrity assays, the SDS-PAGE, the SEM and TEM observation. RESULTS The time-kill test illustrated that the SE was bacteriostatic with a time-dependent relationship, not sterilization. The phosphorus metabolism indicated that the SE lowered phosphorus consumption. The cell membrane integrity assays demonstrated that the cell membrane was damaged, with the nucleic acid flowing out. The SDS-PAGE analysis found that the SE inhibited the synthesis of the total protein. The SEM and TEM results revealed that the surface and internal ultrastructure of bacteria were damaged. The surface of the bacteria was shriveled and deformed, and the internal structure of the cells was also mutilated. CONCLUSIONS The SE damaged the cell membrane, with the cytoplasm flowing out, disturbed the synthesis of total protein and phosphorus metabolism, and ultimately killed the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qi An
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ximei Ye
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wang Wenjun
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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206
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Dussert E, Tourret M, Deracinois B, Duban M, Leclère V, Cudennec B, Ravallec R, Behra-Miellet J. Fluorescent Pseudomonas strains from mid-mountain water able to release antioxidant proteins directly into water. Microbiol Res 2020; 236:126444. [PMID: 32169751 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about fluorescent Pseudomonas and investigations are needed to help us better understand how their species work. The aim was here to mimic what naturally occurs in environmental water containing strains isolated from mid-mountain water samples and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens by conventional biochemical techniques. Three strains were cultured before being directly inoculated into distilled water. Surprisingly, the three cell-less extracts obtained after spinning the bacterial suspensions showed strong in vitro anti-oxidative effects against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical but with discrepancies. The extracts obtained were found to contain antioxidant proteins among other stress proteins that were released by viable bacteria. They were identified using tandem/mass spectrometry and showed different profiles in sodium-dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bacterial identification was deepened using 16S ribonucleic acid and genome sequencing analyses to explain the differences observed between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Dussert
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Mélissa Tourret
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Matthieu Duban
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Valérie Leclère
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France
| | - Josette Behra-Miellet
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, Lille, F-59655, France.
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207
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Huy TXN, Bernardo Reyes AW, Vu SH, Arayan LT, Hop HT, Min W, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kim S. Immunogenicity and protective response induced by recombinant Brucella abortus proteins Adk, SecB and combination of these two recombinant proteins against a virulent strain B. abortus 544 infection in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104137. [PMID: 32169487 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two recombinant proteins encoded by Brucella abortus genes Adk and SecB were evaluated as single subunit vaccine (SSV) as well as combined subunit vaccine (CSV) against B. abortus infection in BALB/c mice. These genes were cloned into pcold-TF expression system and recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α. The immunoreactivity of purified rAdk and rSecB was analyzed by immunoblotting showing that purified rAdk and rSecB as well as pcold-TF vector strongly reacted with Brucella-positive serum. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with SSVs, CSV, pcold-TF, RB51 and PBS. The analysis of cytokine revealed that SSVs and CSV can strongly induce production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, suggesting that these subunit vaccines elicited innate immune response, particularly, activated antimicrobial mechanism of macrophages to limit the initial infection. On the other hand, immunization with SSVs and CSV elicited strong IFN-γ production and decreased IL-10 production compared to PBS group. The secretion profiles of IFN-γ and IL-10 together with an enhancement of blood CD4+ population and significantly induced specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies indicated that SSVs and CSV induced not only humoral immunity but also T helper 1 T cell immunity. Finally, spleen proliferation and bacterial burden in the spleen of mice vaccinated with these subunit vaccines were significantly lower than those of PBS group, which conferred significant protection against B. abortus infection. Altogether, the potential of these antigens of B. abortus could be prospective candidates to develop subunit vaccines against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Tan Hop
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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208
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Faris JD, Overlander ME, Kariyawasam GK, Carter A, Xu SS, Liu Z. Identification of a major dominant gene for race-nonspecific tan spot resistance in wild emmer wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:829-841. [PMID: 31863156 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A single dominant gene found in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat controls broad-spectrum race-nonspecific resistance to the foliar disease tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Tan spot is an important foliar disease of durum and common wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Genetic studies in common wheat have shown that pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors interact with host genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to cause disease, but quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with broad race-nonspecific resistance also exist. Less work has been done to understand the genetics of tan spot interactions in durum wheat. Here, we evaluated a set of Langdon durum-wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) disomic chromosome substitution lines for reaction to four P. tritici-repentis isolates representing races 1, 2, 3, and 5 to identify wild emmer chromosomes potentially containing tan spot resistance genes. Chromosome 3B from the wild emmer accession IsraelA rendered the tan spot-susceptible durum cultivar Langdon resistant to all four fungal isolates. Genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene, designated Tsr7, governed resistance. Detailed mapping experiments showed that the Tsr7 locus is likely the same as the race-nonspecific QTL previously identified in the hexaploid wheat cultivars BR34 and Penawawa. Four user-friendly SNP-based semi-thermal asymmetric reverse PCR (STARP) markers cosegregated with Tsr7 and should be useful for marker-assisted selection of resistance. In addition to 3B, other wild emmer chromosomes contributed moderate levels of tan spot resistance, and, as has been shown previously for tetraploid wheat, the Tsn1-Ptr ToxA interaction was not associated with susceptibility. This is the first report of a major dominant gene governing resistance to tan spot in tetraploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Faris
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Megan E Overlander
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Gayan K Kariyawasam
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 306 Walster Hall, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Arron Carter
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Steven S Xu
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 306 Walster Hall, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA.
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209
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Ravel C, Faye A, Ben-Sadoun S, Ranoux M, Dardevet M, Dupuits C, Exbrayat F, Poncet C, Sourdille P, Branlard G. SNP markers for early identification of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) in bread wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:751-770. [PMID: 31907562 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A set of eight SNP markers was developed to facilitate the early selection of HMW-GS alleles in breeding programmes. In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the most important determinants of technological quality. Known to be very diverse, HMW-GSs are encoded by the tightly linked genes Glu-1-1 and Glu-1-2. Alleles that improve the quality of dough have been identified. Up to now, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of grain proteins is the most widely used for their identification. To facilitate the early selection of HMW-GS alleles in breeding programmes, we developed DNA-based molecular markers. For each accession of a core collection (n = 364 lines) representative of worldwide bread wheat diversity, HMW-GSs were characterized by both genotyping and SDS-PAGE. Based on electrophoresis, we observed at least 8, 22 and 9 different alleles at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci, respectively, including new variants. We designed a set of 17 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that were representative of the most frequent SDS-PAGE alleles at each locus. At Glu-A1 and Glu-D1, two and three marker-based haplotypes, respectively, captured the diversity of the SDS-PAGE alleles rather well. Discrepancies were found mainly for the Glu-B1 locus. However, statistical tests revealed that two markers at each Glu-B1 gene and their corresponding haplotypes were more significantly associated with the rheological properties of the dough than were the relevant SDS-PAGE alleles. To conclude, this study demonstrates that the SNP markers developed provide additional information on HMW-GS diversity. Two markers at Glu-A1, four at Glu-B1 and two at Glu-D1 constitute a useful toolbox for breeding wheat to improve end-use value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ravel
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Annie Faye
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah Ben-Sadoun
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Ranoux
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mireille Dardevet
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Dupuits
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Exbrayat
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charles Poncet
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sourdille
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Branlard
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA,Clermont Auvergne University, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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210
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Poole LB, Furdui CM, King SB. Introduction to approaches and tools for the evaluation of protein cysteine oxidation. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:1-17. [PMID: 32031597 PMCID: PMC7477960 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of cysteine thiols in cellular proteins are pivotal to the way signal-stimulated reactive oxygen species are sensed and elicit appropriate or sometimes pathological responses, but the dynamic and often transitory nature of these modifications offer a challenge to the investigator trying to identify such sites and the responses they elicit. A number of reagents and workflows have been developed to identify proteins undergoing oxidation and to query the timing, extent and location of such modifications, as described in this minireview. While no approach is perfect to capture all the redox information in a functioning cell, best practices described herein can enable considerable insights into the "redox world" of cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
| | - S. Bruce King
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, U.S.A
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211
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Yang S, Li X, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C. Selective Complex Coacervation of Pea Whey Proteins with Chitosan To Purify Main 2S Albumins. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1698-1706. [PMID: 31986048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of pea whey were separated by 1-D electrophoresis and 2-D electrophoresis and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. In addition to lectin, pea albumin 2 (PA2) and pea albumin 1a (PA1a) were identified as the main 2S albumins. The complex behavior of pea whey proteins with chitosan as a function of pH and protein to polysaccharide ratio was studied by turbidimetric titration, zeta potential, and Tricine-SDS-PAGE. During pH titration, the zeta potential reveals that at maximum turbidity (pHmax), charge neutrality was fulfilled. The maximal protein recovery was obtained at a mass ratio of 1:1. After coacervation with chitosan, lectin was not involved in the formation of complexes and PA2 transferred into complex preferentially as compared to PA1a. The weak binding affinity and high hydrophilicity of PA1a made it selectively dissolve out from the PA2/PA1a complex at acidic pH conditions. After removal of chitosan and small molar weight peptides, high-purity PA2 and PA1a (>90% by SEC-HPLC) could be obtained. This work provides a novel strategy for the purification of proteins from a multiprotein pea whey system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Caimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
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212
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Gyawali R, Oyeniran A, Zimmerman T, Aljaloud SO, Krastanov A, Ibrahim SA. A comparative study of extraction techniques for maximum recovery of β-galactosidase from the yogurt bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. J DAIRY RES 2020. [PMID: 32008592 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The study reported in this research communication evaluates the chemical (solvents) and mechanical (sonication, bead-beater) extraction methods to determine the maximum recovery of β-galactosidase from L. bulgaricus spp. Among all extraction techniques, sonication-assisted extraction yielded the highest amounts of enzyme activity (between 1892-2156 Miller Units) in cell-free extract (supernatant). Interestingly, solvent extracted enzyme activities were found to be very low (between 83-153 Miller Units) in supernatant. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the total protein determination showed that mechanical methods can completely lyse the cells. Our results thus demonstrated that the mechanical extraction method of sonication is the best one for recovering the maximum amount of lactase from L. bulgaricus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Gyawali
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ayowole Oyeniran
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Sulaiman O Aljaloud
- College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, P.O. Box 1949, Riyadh11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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213
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Juhasz A, Islam S, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Li G, Ding W, Ma W. Characterising avenin-like proteins (ALPs) from albumin/globulin fraction of wheat grains by RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and MS/MS peptides sequencing. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 31996140 PMCID: PMC6988229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grain avenin-like proteins (ALPs) belong to a recently discovered class of wheat grain storage protein. ALPs in wheat grains not only have beneficial effects on dough quality but also display antifungal activities, which is a novel observation for wheat storage proteins. Previous studies have shown that ALPs are likely present in the albumin/globulin fractions of total protein extract from wheat flour. However, the accumulation characteristics of these ALPs in the mature wheat grain remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, a total of 13 ALPs homologs were isolated and characterized in the albumin/globulin fractions of the wheat protein extract. A combination of multiple techniques including RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF and peptide sequencing were used for accurate separation and identification of individual ALP homolog. The C-terminal TaALP-by-4AL/7DS, TaALP-by-4AL/7AS/7DS, TaALP-bx/4AL/7AS/7DS, TaALP-ay-7DS, TaALP-ay-4AL, TaALP-ax-4AL, TaALP-ax-7AS, and TaALP-ax-7DS, were separated as individual protein bands from wheat flour for the first time. These unique ALPs peptides were mapped to the latest wheat genome assembly in the IWGSC database. The characteristic defence related proteins present in albumin and globulin fractions, such as protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), grain softness protein (GSP), alpha-amylase inhibitors (AAIs) and endogenous alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor were also found to co-segregate with these identified ALPs, avenin-3 and α-gliadins. The molecular weight range and the electrophoresis segregation properties of ALPs were characterised in comparison with the proteins containing the tryp_alpha_amyl domain (PF00234) and the gliadin domain (PF13016), which play a role in plant immunity and grain quality. We examined the phylogenetic relationships of the AAIs, GSP, avenin-3, α-gliadins and ALPs, based on the alignment of their functional domains. MALDI-TOF profiling indicated the occurrence of certain post-translations modifications (PTMs) in some ALP subunits. CONCLUSIONS We reported for the first time the complete profiling of ALPs present in the albumin/globulin fractions of wheat grain protein extracts. We concluded that majority of the ALPs homologs are expressed in wheat grains. We found clear evidence of PTMs in several ALPs peptides. The identification of both gliadin domain (PF13016) and Tryp_alpha_amyl domain (PF00234) in the mature forms of ALPs highlighted the multiple functional properties of ALPs in grain quality and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xin Hu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Angela Juhasz
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Zitong Yu
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Wenli Ding
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, Western Australian State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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214
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Qu J, Zhang J, Zellmer L, He Y, Liu S, Wang C, Yuan C, Xu N, Huang H, Liao DJ. About three-fourths of mouse proteins unexpectedly appear at a low position of SDS-PAGE, often as additional isoforms, questioning whether all protein isoforms have been eliminated in gene-knockout cells or organisms. Protein Sci 2020; 29:978-990. [PMID: 31930537 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most genes in evolutionarily complex genomes are expressed to multiple protein isoforms, but there is not yet any simple high-throughput approach to identify these isoforms. Using an oversimplified top-down LC-MS/MS strategy, we detected, around the 26-kD position of SDS-PAGE, proteins produced from 782 genes in a Cdk4-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. Interestingly, only 213 (27.24%, about one-fourth) of these 782 genes have their proteins with a theoretical molecular mass (TMM) 10% smaller or larger than 26 kD, that is, between 23 and 29 kD, the range set as allowed variation in SDS-PAGE. These 213 proteins are considered as the wild type (WT). The remaining three-fourths includes proteins from 66 (9.44%) genes with a TMM smaller than 23 kD and proteins from 503 (64.32%, nearly two-thirds) genes with a TMM larger than 29 kD; these proteins are categorized into a larger-group or a smaller-group, respectively, for their appearance at a higher or lower position of SDS-PAGE. For instance, at this 26-kD position we detected proteins from the Rps27a, Snrpf, Hist1h4a, and Rps25 genes whose proteins' TMM is 8.6, 9.7, 11.4, and 13.7 kD, respectively, and detected proteins from the Plelc1 and Prkdc genes, whose largest isoform is 533.9 and 471.1 kD, respectively. We extrapolate that many of those proteins migrating unexpectedly in SDS-PAGE may be isoforms besides the WT protein. Moreover, we also detected a Cdk4 protein in this Cdk4-/- cell line, thus wondering whether some of other gene-knockout cells or organisms show similar incompleteness of the knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lucas Zellmer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yan He
- Key Lab of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of The Ministry of Education of China in Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, P. R., China
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chengfu Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Dezhong J Liao
- Laboratory for Core Facilities, The Second Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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215
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Marchal R, Salmon T, Gonzalez R, Kemp B, Vrigneau C, Williams P, Doco T. Impact of Botrytis cinerea Contamination on the Characteristics and Foamability of Yeast Macromolecules Released during the Alcoholic Fermentation of a Model Grape Juice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030472. [PMID: 31979163 PMCID: PMC7037752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a fungal pathogen responsible for the decrease in foamability of sparkling wines. The proteolysis of must proteins originating from botrytized grapes is well known, but far less information is available concerning the effect of grape juice contamination by Botrytis. The impact from Botrytis on the biochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of proteins released from Saccharomyces during alcoholic fermentation remains elusive. To address this lack of knowledge, a model grape juice was inoculated with three enological yeasts with or without the Botrytis culture supernatant. Size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques (AgNO3 and periodic acid Schiff staining) was used in the study. When Botrytis enzymes were present, a significant degradation of the higher and medium MW molecules released by Saccharomyces was observed during alcoholic fermentation whilst the lower MW fraction increased. For the three yeast strains studied, the results clearly showed a strong decrease in the wine foamability when synthetic musts were inoculated with 5% (v/v) of Botrytis culture due to fungus proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Marchal
- Laboratoire d’Oenologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
- Laboratoire Vignes Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE), Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar CEDEX, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-26-91-80-64
| | - Thomas Salmon
- Laboratoire d’Oenologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
- Laboratoire Vignes Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE), Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar CEDEX, France
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV - Universidad de La Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja), Apartado Postal No. 1.042–26080 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Belinda Kemp
- Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI), Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Céline Vrigneau
- Institut Œnologique de Champagne, 9 Rue du Commerce, 51350 Cormontreuil, France;
| | - Pascale Williams
- INRAE, UMR no. 1083, Sciences Pour l’Oenologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; (P.W.); (T.D.)
| | - Thierry Doco
- INRAE, UMR no. 1083, Sciences Pour l’Oenologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; (P.W.); (T.D.)
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216
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Huang Z, Wang Y, Sun L, Wang X, Lu P, Liang G, Pang H, Wu Q, Gooneratne R, Zhao J. Effects of T-2 toxin on the muscle proteins of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) - a proteomics study. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:119-128. [PMID: 31441054 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-2 toxin (T-2) is a potent mycotoxin and a common contaminant of aquatic animal feed, posing a serious risk to health and aquatic animals. We investigated the effect of T-2 on shrimp muscle proteins using proteomics and conventional biochemical methods. Shrimp were fed a diet containing T-2 at 0-12.2 mg kg-1 for 20 days, and changes to the muscle protein composition, ATPase activities, and the sulfhydryl (SH) content and hydrophobicity of actomyosin (AM) were determined. A proteomics study of the proteins was conducted with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). RESULTS Exposure to T-2 markedly affected the muscle protein composition of shrimp in a concentration-responsive manner that displayed a diphasic effect. At a low T-2 concentration (1.2 mg kg-1 ), the levels of three major muscle proteins (myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and stroma) increased but at higher concentrations they declined progressively. T-2 exposure also led to a breakdown of muscle proteins as evidenced by increases in alkali-soluble protein and the surface hydrophobicity (SoANS) of AM. Thirty differentially expressed proteins were detected, 12 of which showed a concentration-response relationship with T-2 exposure. Among them, 11 homologous proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), with several being key enzymes in energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that T-2 exposure at medium to high concentrations could significantly affect the protein composition and quality of shrimp muscle, and potentially some of its key metabolisms. One of the arginine kinases (spot 27) was particularly responsive to T-2 and could potentially be used as a biomarker protein for T-2 intoxication by shrimp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pengli Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangming Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huanying Pang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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217
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Das SJ, Wishart TFL, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Lovicu FJ. Nox4-mediated ROS production is involved, but not essential for TGFβ-induced lens EMT leading to cataract. Exp Eye Res 2020; 192:107918. [PMID: 31926131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), is upregulated in response to TGFβ in lens epithelial cells in vitro, and its selective inhibition was shown to block aspects of TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present in situ study we validate the role(s) of Nox4 in TGFβ-induced lens EMT leading to anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) formation. Mice overexpressing TGFβ in the lens, that develop ASC, were crossed to Nox4-deficient mice. When comparing mice overexpressing TGFβ in lens, to mice that were also deficient for Nox4, we see the delayed onset of cataract, along with a delay in EMT protein markers normally associated with TGFβ-induced fibrotic cataracts. In the absence of Nox4, we also see elevated levels of ERK1/2 activity that was shown to be required for TGFβ/Smad2/3-signaling. qRT-PCR revealed upregulation of Nox2 and its regulatory subunit in TGFβ-overexpressing lens epithelial cells devoid of Nox4. Taken together, these findings provide an improved platform to delineate putative Nox4 (and ROS) interactions with Smad2/3 and/or ERK1/2, in particular in the development of fibrotic diseases, such as specific forms of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Das
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T F L Wishart
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - F J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology & Eye Health, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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218
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Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) describe a group of proteins that do not have a regular tertiary structure and typically have very little ordered secondary structure. Despite not following the biochemical dogma of "structure determines function" and "function determines structure," IDPs have been identified as having numerous biological functions. We describe here the steps to express and purify the intrinsically disordered stress response protein, Late embryogenesis abundant protein 3-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtLEA 3-2), with 15N and 13C isotopes in E. coli, although the protocol can be adapted for any IDP with or without isotopic labeling. The atlea 3-2 gene has been cloned into the pET-SUMO vector that in addition to the SUMO portion encodes an N-terminal hexahistidine sequence (His-tag). This vector allows for the SUMO-AtLEA 3-2 fusion protein to be purified using Ni-affinity chromatography and, through the use of ubiquitin-like-specific protease 1 (Ulp1, a SUMO protease), results in an AtLEA 3-2 with a native N-terminus. We also describe the expression and purification of Ulp1 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamjeet K Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Steffen P Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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219
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Abstract
Cyclotides are naturally occurring microproteins (≈30 residues long) present in several families of plants. All cyclotides share a unique head-to-tail circular knotted topology containing three disulfide bridges forming a cystine knot topology. Cyclotides possess high stability to chemical, physical, and biological degradation and have been reported to cross cellular membranes. In addition, naturally occurring and engineered cyclotides have shown to possess various pharmacologically relevant activities. These unique features make the cyclotide scaffold an excellent tool for the design of novel peptide-based therapeutics by using molecular evolution and/or peptide epitope grafting techniques. In this chapter, we provide protocols to recombinantly produce a natively folded cyclotide making use of a standard bacterial expression system in combination with an intein-mediated backbone cyclization with concomitant oxidative folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingtan Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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220
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Abstract
Microtubules, as integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, exert numerous essential functions in cells. A mechanism to control these diverse functions are the posttranslational modifications of tubulin. Despite being known for decades, relatively little insight into the cellular functions of these modifications has been gained so far. The discovery of tubulin-modifying enzymes and a growing number of available knockout mice now allow working with primary cells from those mouse models to address biological functions and molecular mechanisms behind those modifications. However, a number of those mouse models show either lethality or sterility, making it difficult to impossible to obtain a sufficient number of animals for a systematic study with primary cells. Moreover, many of those modifications are controlled by several redundant enzymes, and it is often necessary to knock out several enzymes in parallel to obtain a significant change in a given tubulin modification. Here we describe a method to generate primary cells with combinatorial knockout genotypes using conditional knockout mice. The conditional alleles are converted into knockout in the cultured primary cells by transduction with a lentivirus encoding cre-recombinase. This approach has allowed us to knock out the two main brain deglutamylases in mouse primary neurons, which leads to strongly increased polyglutamylation in these cells. Our method can be applied to measure different cellular processes, such as axonal transport, for which it can be combined with the expression of different fluorescent reporters to label intracellular proteins. Using a panel of conditional knockout mice, our method can further be applied to study the functions of a variety of tubulin modifications that require simultaneous knockout of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
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221
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a highly efficient separation technique that resolves ions based on their electrophoretic mobility in the presence of an applied voltage. It has been broadly applied for characterizing biotherapeutics including ADCs. In this chapter, step-by-step procedures for characterizing ADCs using CE will be described with focus placed on reduced and non-reduced capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) for purity determination and imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (iCIEF) for charge heterogeneity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ning
- Process Analytical Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanqun Zhao
- Process Analytical Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA.
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222
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Abstract
Immunoblotting is a ubiquitous immunological technique that aids in detecting and quantifying proteins (including those of lower abundance) and their posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and sumoylation. The technique involves electrophoretically separating proteins on an SDS-PAGE gel, transferring them onto a PVDF (or nitrocellulose) membrane and probing with specific antibodies. Here we describe an immunoblotting technique for detecting cellular phosphohistidine, a labile posttranslational modification, by optimizing experimental conditions such that the labile phosphohistidine signal is conserved throughout the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Kalagiri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Adam
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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223
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile membrane proteins involved in the regulation of many physiological processes and pathological conditions, making them interesting pharmacological targets. In order to study their structure and function, GPCRs are traditionally extracted from membranes using detergents. However, due to their hydrophobic nature, intrinsic instability in aqueous solutions, and their denaturing effects, the isolation of properly folded and functional GPCRs is not trivial. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to solubilize receptors under mild conditions and control the sample quality subsequently. Here we describe widely used methods for small-scale GPCR solubilization, followed by quality control based on fluorescence size-exclusion chromatography, SDS-PAGE, temperature-induced protein unfolding (CPM dye binding) and fluorescent ligand binding assay. These methods can easily be used to assess the thermostability and functionality of a GPCR sample exposed to different conditions, such as the use of various detergents, addition of lipids and ligands, making them valuable for obtaining an optimal sample quality for structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Miljus
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Sykes
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clare R Harwood
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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224
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Abstract
Neutrophils play a pivotal role in innate immunity and in the inflammatory reactions. Upon activation, neutrophils release several toxic molecules directed against microbial pathogens into the phagosome. These molecules include reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase, glucosidases, proteases, and antibacterial peptides. In resting cells these proteins and the enzyme responsible for ROS production (NOX2) are stored inside or at the membranes of different granules called azurophil or primary, specific or secondary, gelatinase or tertiary, and the secretory vesicles. Each granule has a specific density, content, and markers. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the azurophil granule marker, and the neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is the specific granule marker. After cell activation by different stimuli, granule contents are released into the phagosome or in the extracellular space through a process called degranulation. Also during this process, membrane granules fuse with the phagosome and plasma membrane allowing expression of new markers at the cell surface. The degranulation can be assessed by measuring either the release of different proteins by neutrophils or the expression of granule markers at the plasma membrane. In this chapter, we describe the techniques used to measure degranulation of azurophil and specific neutrophil granules using different approaches such as measurement of MPO enzymatic activity and detection of MPO and NGAL proteins by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Bedouhène
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Xavier Bichat, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
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225
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Ashok A, Chaudhary S, McDonald D, Kritikos A, Bhargava D, Singh N. Local synthesis of hepcidin in the anterior segment of the eye: A novel observation with physiological and pathological implications. Exp Eye Res 2020; 190:107890. [PMID: 31811823 PMCID: PMC6931014 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The avascular cornea, trabecular meshwork (TM), and lens obtain iron, an essential biometal, from the aqueous humor (AH). The mechanism by which this exchange is regulated, however, is unclear. Recently we reported that non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells express ferroportin (Fpn) (Ashok, 2018b), an iron export protein modulated by hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis secreted mainly by the liver. Here, we explored whether ciliary epithelial and other cells in the anterior segment synthesize hepcidin, suggesting local regulation of iron exchange at this site. METHODS Human and bovine eyes were dissected to isolate the ciliary body (CB), corneal endothelial (CE), TM, lens epithelial (LE), and outer epithelial cell layer of the iris. Total mRNA and protein lysates were processed to evaluate the synthesis and expression of hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide hormone, Fpn, the only known iron export protein, ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase necessary for iron export, transferrin receptor (TfR), a major iron uptake protein, and ferritin, a major iron storage protein. A combination of techniques including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of total mRNA, Western blotting of protein lysates, and immunofluorescence of fixed tissue sections were used to accomplish these goals. RESULTS RT-PCR of isolated tissue samples revealed hepcidin-specific mRNA in the CB, TM, CE, and LE of the bovine eye. Western blotting of protein lysates from these tissues showed reactivity for hepcidin, Fpn, ferritin, and TfR. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of similar tissues isolated from cadaveric human eyes showed expression of hepcidin, Fpn, and Cp in these samples. Notably, Fpn and Cp were expressed on the basolateral membrane of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, facing the AH. CONCLUSIONS Synthesis and expression of hepcidin and Fpn in the ciliary epithelium suggests local regulation of iron transport from choroidal plexus in the ciliary body to the AH across the blood-aqueous barrier. Expression of hepcidin and Fpn in CE, TM, and LE cells indicates additional regulation of iron exchange between the AH and cornea, TM, and lens, suggesting autonomous regulation of iron homeostasis in the anterior segment. Physiological and pathological implications of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ashok
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Dallas McDonald
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alexander Kritikos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Disha Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Neena Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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226
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Li K, Wu L, Liu J, Lin W, Qi Q, Zhao T. Maternally Inherited Diabetes Mellitus Associated with a Novel m.15897G>A Mutation in Mitochondrial tRNA Thr Gene. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2057187. [PMID: 32083134 PMCID: PMC7011485 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2057187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the clinical, genetic, and molecular characteristics of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese family. There are differences in the severity and age of onset in diabetes among these families. By molecular analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in this family, we identified the homoplasmic m.15897G>A mutation underwent sequence analysis of whole mitochondrial DNA genome, which localized at conventional position ten of tRNAThr, and distinct sets of mtDNA polymorphisms belonging to haplogroup D4b1. This mutation has been implicated to be important for tRNA identity and stability. Using cybrid cell models, the decreased efficiency of mitochondrial tRNAThr levels caused by the m.15897G>A mutation results in respiratory deficiency, protein synthesis and assembly, mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. These mitochondrial dysfunctions caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cell lines. These data provide a direct evidence that a novel tRNA mutation was associated with T2DM. Thus, our findings provide a new insight into the understanding of pathophysiology of maternally inherited diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jianjiang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qiang Qi
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tianlan Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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227
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Saccardo A, Ma W, Soloviev M, Ferrari E. Directed and Modular Protein Immobilization on Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2118:227-234. [PMID: 32152983 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0319-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of proteins to gold nanoparticles (AuNP), silver nanoparticles (AgNP), or other metal nanoparticles (NPs) can often be achieved using passive adsorption. Although such an approach is simple and effective, there is usually no control over the orientation of the protein and denaturation due to close contact with the metal surface. The method described here makes use of adapter proteins which have the ability to adsorb to the NP surface in an oriented and stable way and at the same time enable straightforward attachment to other proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenwei Ma
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Mikhail Soloviev
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- College of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK.
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228
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Costa-Junior RB, Brandão-Costa RMP, Albuquerque WWC, Batista JMS, Pedrosa RB, Porto ALF. Ultrasound-Assisted Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Collagen to Produce Peptides With Biomedical Potential: Collagenase From Aspergillus terreus UCP1276. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 41:113-120. [PMID: 31872912 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been applied for varied purposes as it provides additional mechanical energy to a system, and is still profitable and straightforward, which are advantages for industrial applications. In this work, ultrasonic treatments were applied to purified collagenase fractions from a fermented extract by Aspergillus terreus UCP 1276 aiming to evaluate the potential effect on collagen hydrolysis. The physical agent was evaluated as an inductor of collagen degradation and consequently as a producer of peptides with anticoagulant activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses were also carried out to compare the hydrolysis techniques. The ultrasound (40 kHz, 47.4 W/L) processing was conducted under the same conditions of pH and temperature at different times. The ultrasound-assisted reaction was accelerated in relation to conventional processing. Collagenolytic activity was enhanced and tested in the presence of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride inhibitor. Underexposure, the activity was enhanced, reaching more than 72.0% of improvement in relation to the non-exposed enzyme. A period of 30 min of incubation under ultrasound exposure was enough to efficiently produce peptides with biological activity, including anticoagulation and effect on prothrombin time at about 60%. The results indicate that low-frequency ultrasound is an enzymatic inducer with likely commercial applicability accelerating the enzymatic reaction. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:113-120. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo B Costa-Junior
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Romero M P Brandão-Costa
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wendell W C Albuquerque
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juanize M S Batista
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel B Pedrosa
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana L F Porto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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229
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Zhang W, Zheng J, Tian X, Tang Y, Ding G, Yang Z, Jin H. Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Lophius litulo: A Preliminary Study Evaluating Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Wound Healing Properties. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120708. [PMID: 31888163 PMCID: PMC6950534 DOI: 10.3390/md17120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) obtained from the skin of Lophius litulon was analyzed using the sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SDS-PAGE results showed that PSC from Lophius litulon skin was collagen type I and had collagen-specific α1, α2, β, and γ chains. FTIR results indicated that the infrared spectrum of PSC ranged from 400 to 4000 cm-1, with five main amide bands. SEM revealed the microstructure of PSC, which consisted of clear fibrous and porous structures. In vitro antioxidant studies demonstrated that PSC revealed the scavenging ability for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), HO·, O2-·, and ABTS·. Moreover, animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility of PSC. The collagen sponge group showed a good biocompatibility in the skin wound model and may play a positive role in the progression of the healing process. The cumulative results suggest that collagen from the skin of Lophius litulon has potential applications in wound healing due to its good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huoxi Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0580-226-0600; Fax: +86-0580-254-781
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230
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Abstract
Marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) fabricate byssal threads, high-performance biopolymeric fibers, which exhibit exceptional toughness and self-healing capacity. These properties are associated with collagenous proteins in the fibrous thread core known as preCols that self-organize into a hierarchical semicrystalline structure. Threads assemble individually in a bottom-up process lasting just minutes via secretion of membrane bound vesicles filled with preCols. However, very little is understood about the details and dynamics of this assembly process. Here, we explore the hypothesis that preCols are stored within the vesicles in a liquid crystalline phase, which contributes to fiber assembly by preordering molecules. To achieve this, a protocol was developed for extracting and isolating intact preCol secretory vesicles in high yield and purity. Vesicles were characterized and were manipulated in vitro, clearly indicating the dynamic liquid crystalline nature of the proteins within. Moreover, mechanical shearing of vesicles led to formation of highly birefringent preCol fibers. These findings have relevance for efforts toward sustainable production of advanced polymeric materials, and possibly for engineering biomedical scaffolds based on collagenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Renner-Rao
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Madelyn Clark
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
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231
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Abstract
A desired target antigen within a mixture of antigenic proteins such as a cell lysate can be separated from the mixture by gel electrophoresis. However, extracting the antigen from a section of gel and eluting it can be cumbersome and often results in significant loss of protein. Also, the animal might not tolerate the injection of the polyacrylamide gel piece containing the antigen. Alternatively, the protein can be transferred from the gel onto nitrocellulose and then injected either subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity. Protein antigens immobilized on nitrocellulose often make exceptionally good immunogens. This is likely because of their slow release from the paper, thus behaving somewhat like an adjuvant. Not all antigens show increased immunogenicity using this methodology, but some do. The antigen is bound to paper and can be implanted on the back of the mouse's neck, a location that makes it difficult for the mouse to disturb the surgical clip, or extracted and injected.
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232
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Teixeira BVF, Teles ALB, da Silva SG, Brito CCB, de Freitas HF, Pires ABL, Froes TQ, Castilho MS. Dual and selective inhibitors of pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) from Leishmania chagasi. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1439-1450. [PMID: 31409157 PMCID: PMC6713189 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1651311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease found in more than 90 countries. The drugs available to treat this disease have nonspecific action and high toxicity. In order to develop novel therapeutic alternatives to fight this ailment, pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHF-TS) have been targeted, once Leishmania is auxotrophic for folates. Although PTR1 and DHFR-TS from other protozoan parasites have been studied, their homologs in Leishmania chagasi have been poorly characterized. Hence, this work describes the optimal conditions to express the recombinant LcPTR1 and LcDHFR-TS enzymes, as well as balanced assay conditions for screening. Last but not the least, we show that 2,4 diaminopyrimidine derivatives are low-micromolar competitive inhibitors of both enzymes (LcPTR1 Ki = 1.50-2.30 µM and LcDHFR Ki = 0.28-3.00 µM) with poor selectivity index. On the other hand, compound 5 (2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivative) is a selective LcPTR1 inhibitor (Ki = 0.47 µM, selectivity index = 20).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Lacerda Braga Teles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Fonseca de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Thamires Quadros Froes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Santos Castilho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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233
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Loonat AA, Martin ED, Sarafraz-Shekary N, Tilgner K, Hertz NT, Levin R, Shokat KM, Burlingame AL, Arabacilar P, Uddin S, Thomas M, Marber MS, Clark JE. p38γ MAPK contributes to left ventricular remodeling after pathologic stress and disinhibits calpain through phosphorylation of calpastatin. FASEB J 2019; 33:13131-13144. [PMID: 31638431 PMCID: PMC6894093 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701545r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high and preferential expression of p38γ MAPK in the myocardium, little is known about its function in the heart. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the physiologic and biochemical roles of p38γ in the heart. Expression and subcellular localization of p38 isoforms was determined in mouse hearts. Comparisons of the cardiac function and structure of wild-type and p38γ knockout (KO) mice at baseline and after abdominal aortic banding demonstrated that KO mice developed less ventricular hypertrophy and that contractile function is better preserved. To identify potential substrates of p38γ, we generated an analog-sensitive mutant to affinity tag endogenous myocardial proteins. Among other proteins, this technique identified calpastatin as a direct p38γ substrate. Moreover, phosphorylation of calpastatin by p38γ impaired its ability to inhibit the protease, calpain. We have identified p38γ as an important determinant of the progression of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy after aortic banding in mice. In addition, we have identified calpastatin, among other substrates, as a novel direct target of p38γ that may contribute to the protection observed in p38γKO mice.-Loonat, A. A., Martin, E. D., Sarafraz-Shekary, N., Tilgner, K., Hertz, N. T., Levin, R., Shokat, K. M., Burlingame, A. L., Arabacilar, P., Uddin, S., Thomas, M., Marber, M. S., Clark, J. E. p38γ MAPK contributes to left ventricular remodeling after pathologic stress and disinhibits calpain through phosphorylation of calpastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah A. Loonat
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Denise Martin
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Negin Sarafraz-Shekary
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Tilgner
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas T. Hertz
- University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Levin
- University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Pelin Arabacilar
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahzan Uddin
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Max Thomas
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Marber
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Clark
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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234
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Abdelhaleem AA, Elamin EM, Bakheit SM, Mukhtar MM. Identification and characterization of Leishmania amastigote and axenic form antigens. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:866-873. [PMID: 33597459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to identify and characterize Leishmania amastigote, and axenic form antigens. Two in vitro techniques were used to change leishmania parasite isolates from promastigote form to amastigotes and amastigote like (axenic) forms. The main strategy relied upon in vitro infection of murine macrophages cell line J774 with leishmania promastigote, at 37°C with 5% CO2, while the second technique relied upon the culture of promastigote at 37°C with low pH (5.5), and 5-10% CO2. Proteins were extracted and fractionated utilizing 12% Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Antigens were recognized using both immune dot blot and western blot procedures. PCR was performed for recognition of leishmania parasites in infected J774 macrophages. L. major was quicker in infectivity of macrophages cell line than L. donovani. Shared proteins ranging from 26-116 kDa were identified by SDS PAGE in all stages. Immune Dot-blot method showed positive outcomes, while western blot identified an exceptional antigen band of 16 kDa in amastigote, this unique band could be of value in diagnosis and vaccination of leishmaniasis. PCR results confirmed presence of both isolates demonstrating that coinfection is conceivable, and no indications of hereditary recombination at kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) were identified in macrophages simultaneously infected by L. major and L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdelhaleem
- Tropical and Endemic Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 42145, Saudi Arabia
| | - E M Elamin
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alzaeim Alazhari University, P.O. Box 1432, Khartoum Bahri 79371 Sudan
| | - S M Bakheit
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - M M Mukhtar
- Bioscience Research Institute, Ibn Sina University, P.O. Box 10995, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
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235
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Abstract
The duplications of the dominantVrn-A1alleles as well as theVRN-B1gene, revealed for the first time, are new sources of polymorphism in polyploid wheat at these agronomically valuable genomic locations. Flowering time is an important trait in wheat breeding. In spring wheat, this feature is mainly determined by the variants and number of the homoeologous dominant VRN1 alleles. Previously, multiplication of the recessive vrn-A1 allele was shown for winter hexaploid wheat (Würschum et al., BMC Genet 29:16-96, 2015). In the present study, VRN1 gene copy-number variation as well as the copy number of VRN-A1 with the alternative exon 4 haplotype were investigated in spring and winter accessions of different tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species. Two ratio tests were optimized based on end-point quantification of PCR fragments and results were verified by a qPCR assay. It was defined that since the genomic environment affects the accessibility of amplified VRN1 regions, the DNA template should be fragmented for proper quantification of VRN1 copy number during PCR-based assays. For the first time, it was shown that the dominant Vrn-A1 alleles are most often duplicated in hexaploid wheat. In tetraploid wheat, both the dominant and recessive alleles were represented as a single haploid copy, and in only two accessions of T. dicoccum, vrn-A1b.3 was duplicated. Multiplication of VRN-A1 was often associated with awnless spikes. Five haploid combinations of the recessive vrn-A1 copies with alternative exon 4 were identified in hexaploid wheat. Finally for the first time, duplication of VRN-B1 was found in hexaploid wheat of T. compactum and T. spelta. These results expand our knowledge of the genetic diversity of VRN1 genes in wheat and provide additional strategies for the manipulation of flowering time in this strategic crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Muterko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Salina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
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236
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Díaz-Castillo A, Contreras-Puentes N, Alvear-Sedán C, Moneriz-Pretell C, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Mendez-Cuadro D. Sickle Cell Trait Induces Oxidative Damage on Plasmodium falciparum Proteome at Erythrocyte Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225769. [PMID: 31744112 PMCID: PMC6888313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of hemoglobin A-S (HbAS) in erythrocytes has been related to the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased in intracellular oxidative stress that affects the progress of Plasmodium erythrocytic cycle life and attenuates its serious clinical symptoms. Nevertheless, oxidative effects on P. falciparum proteome across the intraerythrocytic cycle in the presence of HbAS traits have not been described yet. Here, an immune dot-blot assay was used to quantify the carbonyl index (C.I) on P. falciparum 3D7 proteome at the different asexual erythrocytic stages. Protein carbonylation on parasites cultivated in erythrocytes from two donors with HbAS increased 5.34 ± 1.42 folds at the ring stage compared to control grown in hemoglobin A-A (HbAA) red blood cells. Whereas at trophozoites and schizonts stages were augmented 2.80 ± 0.52 and 3.05 ± 0.75 folds, respectively. Besides proteins involved in processes of the stress response, recognition and invasion were identified from schizonts carbonylated bands by combining SDS-PAGE with MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that such oxidative modifications do not appear to happen randomly, and the sickle cell trait affects mainly a small fraction of parasite proteins particularly sensitive to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alber Díaz-Castillo
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Exacts and Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, 130015 Cartagena, Colombia;
| | - Neyder Contreras-Puentes
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Pharmaceuticals Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, 130015 Cartagena, Colombia;
| | - Ciro Alvear-Sedán
- Biochemistry and disease Group, Medicine School, University of Cartagena, 130015 Cartagena, Colombia; (C.A.-S.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Carlos Moneriz-Pretell
- Biochemistry and disease Group, Medicine School, University of Cartagena, 130015 Cartagena, Colombia; (C.A.-S.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Erika Rodríguez-Cavallo
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Pharmaceuticals Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, 130015 Cartagena, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (E.R.-C.); (D.M.-C.); Tel.: +57-3015588298 (E.R.-C.); +57-3015584887 (D.M.-C.)
| | - Darío Mendez-Cuadro
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Exacts and Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, 130015 Cartagena, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (E.R.-C.); (D.M.-C.); Tel.: +57-3015588298 (E.R.-C.); +57-3015584887 (D.M.-C.)
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237
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang G, Peng D, Cao W. Characterization of Novel Protein Component as Marker for Floral Origin of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Honey. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12255-12263. [PMID: 31618580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) honey, one of the most valuable honey varieties from China with unique characteristics, is vulnerable to being the target of adulteration and deliberate mislabeling of botanical origin. This study investigated the typical protein component of jujube honey to authenticate the floral source by SDS-PAGE analysis combined with LC-MS/MS identification, and its stability to heating was also evaluated. One band and two adjacent but independent bands, both with molecular weights of ∼19 kDa, were notably observed in Coomassie brilliant blue- and silver-stained SDS-PAGE gels, respectively, for jujube honey from different geographic origins, whereas that was not present for the other five botanical honey varieties, suggesting this protein component was suitable as a marker for jujube honey. LC-MS/MS identification revealed that it was constituted by one Z. jujuba-derived protein (gene number:Zj.jz016003045) and two A. mellifera-derived proteins (an uncharacterized protein with accession number tr|A0A088AC16 and a cleavage fragment from major royal jelly protein-1), and the existence of plant-derived protein was attributed to the special neutral pH of jujube honey. Additionally, these protein markers exhibited good stability to heating below 85 °C/30 min. This study provided a simple method to characterize jujube honey and first identified a protein indicator to determine the botanical origin of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , 229 North TaiBai Road , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering , Northwest University , 229 North TaiBai Road , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , 229 North TaiBai Road , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , 229 North TaiBai Road , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Deju Peng
- Yangling Zhongyang Joint Ranch Co. Ltd. , Beiyang Breeding Area , Yangling Street Agency , Yangling District, Xi'an 712100 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , 229 North TaiBai Road , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
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238
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Weng L, Wang Q, Yu S, Yang X, Lynch DR, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Evaluation of antibodies for western blot analysis of frataxin protein isoforms. J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112629. [PMID: 31279523 PMCID: PMC6829029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frataxin is the protein that is down-regulated in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by an intronic GAA repeat expansion in intron-1 of the FXN gene. The GAA repeats result in epigenetic silencing of the FXN gene and reduced expression of the cytosolic full-length frataxin (1-210) protein. Full length frataxin translocates to the mitochondria, leading to formation of mature frataxin (81-210) formed by cleavage of the mitochondrial targeting sequence at K-80 of the full-length protein. There are currently no approved treatments for FRDA, although experimental approaches involving up-regulation or replacement of mature frataxin protein through numerous approaches are being tested. Many of the pre-clinical studies of these experimental approaches are conducted in mouse and monkey models as well as in human cell lines. Consequently, well-validated antibodies are required for use in western blot analysis to determine whether levels of various forms of frataxin have been increased. Here we examined the specificity of five commercially available anti-frataxin antibodies and determined whether they detect mature frataxin in mouse heart tissue. Four protein standards of monkey, human, and mouse frataxin as well as mouse heart tissue were examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in combination with western blot analysis. One antibody failed to detect any of the frataxin standards or endogenous frataxin in mouse heart tissue. Three of the antibodies detected a protein in mouse heart tissue that ran slightly faster on PAGE (at 23.4 kDa) to that predicted for full-length frataxin (23.9 kDa). One antibody detected all four frataxin standards as well as endogenous mouse mature frataxin in mouse tissue. Significantly, this antibody, which will be useful for monitoring mature frataxin levels in monkey, human, and mouse tissues, did not detect a protein in mouse heart tissue at 23.4 kDa. Therefore, antibodies detecting the immunoreactive protein at 23.4 kDa could be misleading when testing for the up-regulation of frataxin in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Weng
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn/CHOP Center of Excellence in Friedreich's Ataxia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn SRP Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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239
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Furukawa R, Aso M, Fujita T, Akimoto S, Tanaka R, Tanaka A, Yokono M, Takabayashi A. Formation of a PSI-PSII megacomplex containing LHCSR and PsbS in the moss Physcomitrella patens. J Plant Res 2019; 132:867-880. [PMID: 31541373 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are one of the earliest land plants that diverged from fresh-water green algae. They are considered to have acquired a higher capacity for thermal energy dissipation to cope with dynamically changing solar irradiance by utilizing both the "algal-type" light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR)-dependent and the "plant-type" PsbS-dependent mechanisms. It is hypothesized that the formation of photosystem (PS) I and II megacomplex is another mechanism to protect photosynthetic machinery from strong irradiance. Herein, we describe the analysis of the PSI-PSII megacomplex from the model moss, Physcomitrella patens, which was resolved using large-pore clear-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (lpCN-PAGE). The similarity in the migration distance of the Physcomitrella PSI-PSII megacomplex to the Arabidopsis megacomplex shown during lpCN-PAGE suggested that the Physcomitrella PSI-PSII and Arabidopsis megacomplexes have similar structures. Time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence measurements show that excitation energy was rapidly and efficiently transferred from PSII to PSI, providing evidence of an ordered association of the two photosystems. We also found that LHCSR and PsbS co-migrated with the Physcomitrella PSI-PSII megacomplex. The megacomplex showed pH-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, which may have been induced by LHCSR and/or PsbS proteins with the collaboration of zeaxanthin. We discuss the mechanism that regulates the energy distribution balance between two photosystems in Physcomitrella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Furukawa
- Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Michiki Aso
- Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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240
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Römer J, Montealegre C, Schlecht J, Kiessig S, Moritz B, Neusüß C. Online mass spectrometry of CE (SDS)-separated proteins by two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7197-7206. [PMID: 31616969 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is the fundamental technique for protein separation by size. Applying this technology in capillary format, gaining high separation efficiency in a more automated way, is a key technology for size separation of proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, unequivocal identification by online mass spectrometry (MS) is impossible so far, due to strong interference in the electrospray process by SDS and other components of the SDS-MW separation gel buffer. Here, a heart-cut two-dimensional electrophoretic separation system applying an electrically isolated valve with an internal loop of 20 nL is presented. The peak of interest in the CE (SDS) separation is transferred to the CZE-MS, where electrospray-interfering substances of the SDS-MW gel are separated prior to online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. An online SDS removal strategy for decomplexing the protein-SDS complex is implemented in the second dimension, consisting of the co-injection of organic solvent and cationic surfactant. This online CE (SDS)-CZE-MS system allows MS characterization of proteoforms separated in generic CE (SDS), gaining additional separation in the CZE and detailed MS information. In general, the system can be applied to all kinds of proteins separated by CE (SDS). Here, we present results of the CE (SDS)-CZE-MS system on the analysis of several biopharmaceutically relevant antibody impurities and fragments. Additionally, the versatile application spectrum of the system is demonstrated by the analysis of extracted proteins from soybean flour. The online hyphenation of CE (SDS) resolving power and MS identification capabilities will be a powerful tool for protein and mAb characterization. Graphical abstract Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis system hyphenated with mass spectrometry for the characterization of CE (SDS)-separated proteins. As first dimension, a generic and high MS-interfering CE (SDS) separation is performed for size separation. After heart-cut transfer of the unknown CE (SDS) protein peak, via a four-port nanoliter valve to a volatile electrolyte system as second dimension, interference-free mass spectrometric data of separated mAb fragments and soybean proteins are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Montealegre
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Kiessig
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Moritz
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
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241
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Dasari S, Gonuguntla S, Yellanurkonda P, Nagarajan P, Meriga B. Sensitivity of glutathione S-transferases to high doses of acrylamide in albino wistar rats: Affinity purification, biochemical characterization and expression analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109416. [PMID: 31301596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to purify the glutathione S-transfereses (GSTs) and assess the effect of high doses of acrylamide (ACR) on male albino Wistar rat liver, kidney, testis and bran GST activities, and expression analysis of GST. ACR (50 mg/300 ml) was ingested for 40 days (20 doses) in drinking water on alternative days, on 40 day post ingestion the control and treated tissues were collected for GST purification by affinity column and biochemical characterization of GSTs by substrate specificities, and GST expression by immuno dot blots. In the analysis of the purified GSTs, we observed that liver GSTs were resolved in to three bands known as Yc, Yb and Ya; kidney GSTs were resolved in to two bands known as Yc and Ya; testis and brain GSTs were resolved as four bands known as Yc, Yb, Yβ and Yδ on 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS PAGE). In the analysis of biochemical characterization, we observed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the specific activities of liver GST isoforms with the substrates 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), bromosulfophthalein (BSP), p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), p-nitrobenzyl chloride (pNBC) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), but showed no activity with ethacrynic acid (ECA) and significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the specific activities of kidney GST isoforms with the substrates CDNB, pNPA, pNBC and CHP, but showed no activity with BSP and ECA, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the specific activities of testis and brain GST isoforms with the substrates CDNB, BSP, pNPA, pNBC, ECA and CHP. In the analysis of immuno dot blots, we observed a decreased expression of liver, kidney, testis and brain GSTs. Through the affinity purification and biochemical characterization, we observed a tissue specific distribution of GSTs that is liver GSTs possess Yc, Yb and Ya sub units known as alpha (α) and mu (μ) class GSTs; kidney GSTs possess Yc and Ya sub units known as (α) alpha class GST; testis and brain GSTs possess Yc, Yb, Yβ and Yδ sub units known as alpha (α), mu (μ) and pi (π) class GSTs. Purification studies, biochemical characterization and immuno dot blot analysis were revealed the GSTs were sensitive to high doses of ACR and the high level exposure to ACR cause the damage of detoxification function of GST due to decreased expression and hence lead to cellular dysfunction of vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sailaja Gonuguntla
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Prabhusaran Nagarajan
- Research Laboratory of Leptospirosis and Medical Nanotechnology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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242
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Cabrita MA, Renart LI, Lau R, Pratt MAC. Intrinsically Disordered SRC-3/AIB1 Protein Undergoes Homeostatic Nuclear Extrusion by Nuclear Budding While Ectopic Expression Induces Nucleophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101278. [PMID: 31635050 PMCID: PMC6830083 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SRC-3/AIB1 (Amplified in Breast Cancer-1) is a nuclear receptor coactivator for the estrogen receptor in breast cancer cells. It is also an intrinsically disordered protein when not engaged with transcriptional binding partners and degraded upon transcriptional coactivation. Given the amplified expression of SRC-3 in breast cancers, the objective of this study was to determine how increasing SRC-3 protein levels are regulated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that endogenous SRC-3 was expelled from the nucleus in vesicle-like spheres under normal growth conditions suggesting that this form of nuclear exclusion of SRC-3 is a homeostatic mechanism for regulating nuclear SRC-3 protein. Only SRC-3 not associated with CREB-binding protein (CBP) was extruded from the nucleus. We found that overexpression in MCF-7 cells results in aneuploid senescence and cell death with frequent formation of nuclear aggregates which were consistently juxtaposed to perinuclear microtubules. Transfected SRC-3 was SUMOylated and caused redistribution of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies and perturbation of the nuclear membrane lamin B1, hallmarks of nucleophagy. Increased SRC-3 protein-induced autophagy and resulted in SUMO-1 localization to the nuclear membrane and formation of protrusions variously containing SRC-3 and chromatin. Aspects of SRC-3 overexpression and toxicity were recapitulated following treatment with clinically relevant agents that stabilize SRC-3 in breast cancer cells. We conclude that amplified SRC-3 levels have major impacts on nuclear protein quality control pathways and may mark cancer cells for sensitivity to protein stabilizing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cabrita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - L Isabel Renart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rosanna Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M A Christine Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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243
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Baker SL, Munasinghe A, Kaupbayeva B, Rebecca Kang N, Certiat M, Murata H, Matyjaszewski K, Lin P, Colina CM, Russell AJ. Transforming protein-polymer conjugate purification by tuning protein solubility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4718. [PMID: 31624254 PMCID: PMC6797786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all commercial proteins are purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation. Protein-polymer conjugates are synthesized from pure starting materials, and the struggle to separate conjugates from polymer, native protein, and from isomers has vexed scientists for decades. We have discovered that covalent polymer attachment has a transformational effect on protein solubility in salt solutions. Here, protein-polymer conjugates with a variety of polymers, grafting densities, and polymer lengths are generated using atom transfer radical polymerization. Charged polymers increase conjugate solubility in ammonium sulfate and completely prevent precipitation even at 100% saturation. Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations show the impact is driven by an anti-polyelectrolyte effect from zwitterionic polymers. Uncharged polymers exhibit polymer length-dependent decreased solubility. The differences in salting-out are then used to simply purify mixtures of conjugates and native proteins into single species. Increasing protein solubility in salt solutions through polymer conjugation could lead to many new applications of protein-polymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Aravinda Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, 354 Leigh Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nin Rebecca Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Marie Certiat
- Department of Chemistry, 354 Leigh Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Chemistry, 354 Leigh Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Coray M Colina
- Department of Chemistry, 354 Leigh Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Serrano A, Apolloni S, Rossi S, Lattante S, Sabatelli M, Peric M, Andjus P, Michetti F, Carrì MT, Cozzolino M, D'Ambrosi N. The S100A4 Transcriptional Inhibitor Niclosamide Reduces Pro-Inflammatory and Migratory Phenotypes of Microglia: Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101261. [PMID: 31623154 PMCID: PMC6829868 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A4, belonging to a large multifunctional S100 protein family, is a Ca2+-binding protein with a significant role in stimulating the motility of cancer and immune cells, as well as in promoting pro-inflammatory properties in different cell types. In the CNS, there is limited information concerning S100A4 presence and function. In this study, we analyzed the expression of S100A4 and the effect of the S100A4 transcriptional inhibitor niclosamide in murine activated primary microglia. We found that S100A4 was strongly up-regulated in reactive microglia and that niclosamide prevented NADPH oxidase 2, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), and NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) increase, cytoskeletal rearrangements, migration, and phagocytosis. Furthermore, we found that S100A4 was significantly up-regulated in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord of a transgenic rat SOD1-G93A model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, we demonstrated the increased expression of S100A4 also in fibroblasts derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients carrying SOD1 pathogenic variants. These results ascribe S100A4 as a marker of microglial reactivity, suggesting the contribution of S100A4-regulated pathways to neuroinflammation, and identify niclosamide as a possible drug in the control and attenuation of reactive phenotypes of microglia, thus opening the way to further investigation for a new application in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Serrano
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Savina Apolloni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Lattante
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Centro Clinico NEMO, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mina Peric
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Pavle Andjus
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Carrì
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
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245
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Santaus TM, Zhang F, Li S, Stine OC, Geddes CD. Effects of Lyse-It on endonuclease fragmentation, function and activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223008. [PMID: 31568482 PMCID: PMC6768537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleases are enzymes that can degrade genomic DNA and RNA that decrease the accuracy of quantitative measures of those nucleic acids. Here, we study conventional heating, standard microwave irradiation, and Lyse-It, a microwave-based lysing technology, for the potential to fragment and inactivate DNA and RNA endonucleases. Lyse-It employs the use of highly focused microwave irradiation to the sample ultimately fragmenting and inactivating RNase A, RNase B, and DNase I. Nuclease size and fragmentation were determined visually and quantitatively by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the mini-gel Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer system, with a weighted size calculated to depict the wide range of nuclease fragmentation. Enzyme activity assays were conducted, and the rates were calculated to determine the effect of various lysing conditions on each of the nucleases. The results shown in this paper clearly demonstrate that Lyse-It is a rapid and highly efficient way to degrade and inactivate nucleases so that nucleic acids can be retained for down-stream detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya M. Santaus
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fan Zhang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shan Li
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - O. Colin Stine
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chris D. Geddes
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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246
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Berning L, Scharf L, Aplak E, Stucki D, von Montfort C, Reichert AS, Stahl W, Brenneisen P. In vitro selective cytotoxicity of the dietary chalcone cardamonin (CD) on melanoma compared to healthy cells is mediated by apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222267. [PMID: 31553748 PMCID: PMC6760786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of cancer and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Even though enormous efforts have been undertaken, in particular the treatment options against the metastasizing form are challenging and the prognosis is generally poor. A novel therapeutical approach is the application of secondary plant constituents occurring in food and food products. Herein, the effect of the dietary chalcone cardamonin, inter alia found in Alpinia species, was tested using human malignant melanoma cells. These data were compared to cardamonin treated normal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts representing healthy cells. To investigate the impact of cardamonin on tumor and normal cells, it was added to monolayer cell cultures and cytotoxicity, proliferation, tumor invasion, and apoptosis were studied with appropriate cell biological and biochemical methods. Cardamonin treatment resulted in an apoptosis-mediated increase in cytotoxicity towards tumor cells, a decrease in their proliferation rate, and a lowered invasive capacity, whereas the viability of melanocytes and fibroblasts was hardly affected at such concentrations. A selective cytotoxic effect of cardamonin on melanoma cells compared to normal (healthy) cells was shown in vitro. This study along with others highlights that dietary chalcones may be a valuable tool in anticancer therapies which has to be proven in the future in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Berning
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Scharf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elif Aplak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia von Montfort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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247
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Guo L, Mohd KS, Ren H, Xin G, Jiang Q, Clarke PR, Zhang C. Phosphorylation of importin-α1 by CDK1-cyclin B1 controls mitotic spindle assembly. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs232314. [PMID: 31434716 PMCID: PMC6765185 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Importin-α serves as an adaptor linking importin-β to proteins carrying a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). During interphase, this interaction enables nuclear protein import, while in mitosis it regulates spindle assembly factors (SAFs) and controls microtubule nucleation, stabilization and spindle function. Here, we show that human importin-α1 is regulated during the cell cycle and is phosphorylated at two sites (threonine 9 and serine 62) during mitosis by the major mitotic protein kinase CDK1-cyclin B. Mutational analysis indicates that the mitotic phosphorylation of importin-α1 inhibits its binding to importin-β and promotes the release of TPX2 and KIFC1, which are then targeted like importin-β to the spindle. Loss of importin-α1 or expression of a non-phosphorylated mutant of importin-α1 results in the formation of shortened spindles with reduced microtubule density and induces a prolonged metaphase, whereas phosphorylation-mimicking mutants are functional in mitosis. We propose that phosphorylation of importin-α1 is a general mechanism for the spatial and temporal control of mitotic spindle assembly by CDK1-cyclin B1 that acts through the release of SAFs such as TPX2 and KIFC1 from inhibitory complexes that restrict spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Khamsah Suryati Mohd
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - He Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Paul R Clarke
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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248
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Rosli R, Shaari K, Bako HY, Saad N, Noor NM, Abdull Razis AF. Neuroprotective effects of glucomoringin-isothiocyanate against H 2O 2-Induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:89-104. [PMID: 31521693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are pathological conditions characterised by progressive damage of neuronal cells leading to eventual loss of structure and function of the cells. Due to implication of multi-systemic complexities of signalling pathways in NDDs, the causes and preventive mechanisms are not clearly delineated. The study was designed to investigate the potential signalling pathways involved in neuroprotective activities of purely isolated glucomoringin isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. GMG-ITC was isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds, and confirmed with NMR and LC-MS based methods. Gene expression analysis of phase II detoxifying markers revealed significant increase in the expression of all the genes involved, due to GMG-ITC pre-treatment. GMG-ITC also caused significant decreased in the expression of NF-kB, BACE1, APP and increased the expressions of IkB and MAPT tau genes in the differentiated cells as confirmed by multiplex genetic system analysis. The effect was reflected on the expressed proteins in the differentiated cells, where GMG-ITC caused increased in expression level of Nrf2, SOD-1, NQO1, p52 and c-Rel of nuclear factor erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways respectively. The findings revealed the potential of GMG-ITC to abrogate oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration through Nrf2 and NF-kB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hauwa'u Yakubu Bako
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noramaliza Mohd Noor
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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249
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Kolasińska E, Janik ME, Lityńska A, Przybyło M. Contribution of sialic acids to integrin α5β1 functioning in melanoma cells. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:267-273. [PMID: 30844664 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the relationship between sialylation of integrin α5β1 and possible alteration in the function of α5β1 receptor in melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Integrin α5β1 was isolated from primary WM115 (RGP/VGP-like phenotype) and metastatic WM266-4 (lymph node metastasis) cells via affinity chromatography. Integrin α5β1 sialylation and the shift in relative masses of the enzymatically desialylated subunits were confirmed by confocal microscopy and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The ELISA assay was performed to evaluate sialic acid (SA) influence on integrin α5β1 binding to fibronectin (FN). Cell invasion was investigated by the Transwell invasion assay. The effect of neuraminidases treatment on melanoma cells was assessed by flow cytometry using Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra lectins. RESULTS Both subunits of integrin α5β1 were found to be more abundantly sialylated in primary than in metastatic cells. The removal of SA had no effect on the purified integrin α5β1 binding to FN. Although metastatic cells underwent more pronounced desialylation than primary cells, invasion of primary WM115 cells was more dependent on the presence of α2-3 linked SA than it was in the case of metastatic WM266-4 cells. In both melanoma cell lines not only integrin α5β1 was involved in invasion, however simultaneous desialylation and usage of anti-integrin α5β1 antibodies resulted in lower invasion abilities of primary WM115 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in primary melanoma cells integrin α5β1 action is more likely dependent on its glycosylation profile, i.e. the presence of SA residues, which influence (decreased) their invasion properties and may facilitate malignant melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kolasińska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcelina E Janik
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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250
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Abstract
Human kinases are a large family of proteins (500+) that catalyze ATP-dependent phosphorylation of protein and metabolite substrates to regulate diverse facets of cell biology. Dysregulation and mutations of protein kinases are linked to human disease, providing opportunities for developing pharmacological agents as potential therapy. Assessing the selectivity of pharmacological compounds targeting this enzyme class is critical given that off-target activity of kinase inhibitor drugs may result in toxicity. This set of protocols outlines use of ATP acyl phosphate activity-based probes to evaluate the potency and selectivity of kinase inhibitors via fluorescent gel- and mass spectrometry-based detection methods. These competitive chemical proteomic assays can evaluate engagement of >200 native kinase targets directly in complex proteomes. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Franks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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