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Huang M, Ding G, Yan X, Rao P, Wang X, Meng X, Shi Q. Factors Affecting the Detection of Hexavalent Chromium in Cr-Contaminated Soil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9721. [PMID: 35955077 PMCID: PMC9367748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The alkali digestion pretreatment method in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 3060A could underestimate the content of Cr(VI) in Cr-contaminated soils, especially for soils mixed with chromite ore processing residue (COPR), which leads to a misjudgment of the Cr(VI) level in soils after remediation, causing secondary pollution to the environment. In this study, a new pretreatment method to analyze Cr(VI) concentration in contaminated soils was established. The impacts of soil quality, particle size, alkali digestion time and the rounds of alkali digestion on Cr(VI) detection in contaminated soils was explored and the alkali digestion method was optimized. Compared with USEPA Method 3060A, the alkaline digestion time was prolonged to 6 h and multiple alkali digestion was employed until the amount of Cr(VI) in the last extraction was less than 10% of the total amount of Cr(VI). Because Cr(VI) in COPR is usually embedded in the mineral phase structure, the hydration products were dissolved and Cr(VI) was released gradually during the alkaline digestion process. The amount of Cr(VI) detected showed high correlation coefficients with the percentage of F1 (mild acid-soluble fraction), F2 (reducible fraction) and F4 (residual fraction). The Cr(VI) contents detected by the new alkaline digestion method and USEPA Method 3060A showed significant differences for soil samples mixed with COPR due to their high percentage of residual fraction. This new pretreatment method could quantify more than 90% of Cr(VI) in Cr-contaminated soils, especially those mixed with COPR, which proved to be a promising method for Cr(VI) analysis in soils, before and after remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Pinhua Rao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xingrun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | | | - Qiantao Shi
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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202
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Ramos MDN, Rangel AS, Azevedo KS, Melo MGB, Oliveira MC, Watanabe CMU, Pereira FF, Silva CM, Aguiar A. Characteristics and treatment of Brazilian pulp and paper mill effluents: a review. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:651. [PMID: 35931934 PMCID: PMC9362618 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulp and paper industries are very important for developing the Brazilian economy. During production processes, many effluents are generated with high polluting potential. The objective of this study is to conduct an extensive literature review on the characteristics of effluents and treatment forms adopted by Brazilian mills in this industrial sector. Most consulted studies address raw (without treatment) and secondary (after biological treatment) effluents, considering their main characteristics like pH, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands (COD and BOD, respectively), color, solids, organochlorines, toxicity, estrogenic activity, and phenols. Raw effluents differ considerably in composition, depending on the type of paper produced, the pulping process employed, and other steps, like pulp bleaching. Raw effluent characteristics indicate that this effluent cannot be directly disposed of into water bodies, because it does not comply with federal and state disposal standards. Secondary effluents normally comply with Brazilian legislations, although some studies have reported COD and total phenol concentrations higher than disposal standards, suggesting that additional treatments are necessary. Treated effluent reuse was verified in some Brazilian mills, while its disposal in eucalyptus plantations has been considered a promising alternative for irrigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélica Santos Rangel
- Natural Resource Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Siqueira Azevedo
- Natural Resource Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, 37500-903, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Caroline Oliveira
- Natural Resource Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, 37500-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Mudadu Silva
- Cellulose and Paper Laboratory, Forestry Engineering Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - André Aguiar
- Natural Resource Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, 37500-903, Brazil.
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203
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Favero BM, Favero AC, da Silva DC, Hubner P, Souza FS, Souza Hamm JB. Treatment of galvanic effluent through electrocoagulation process: Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni removal and reuse of sludge generated as inorganic pigment. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3107-3120. [PMID: 33858284 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1916089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galvanic effluents are composed of a wide range of heavy metals, requiring adequate treatment to remove these contaminants and to meet the limits established by environmental agencies. Considering this aspect, the present study had as main objectives: (i) to evaluate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation (EC) in the treatment of a galvanic effluent, with the purpose of removing total Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and (ii) reuse the sludge generated for inorganic pigment production. EC tests were carried out through factorial design 23 with triplicate central point. pH (3, 7, 11), reaction time (15, 22.5 and 30 min) and current density (10, 17.5 and 25 mA/cm2) were the control variables. Under ideal experimental conditions (pH 7.00; t = 22.5 min and DC = 17.5 mA/cm2) were removed 96.94% of Mn, 97.63% of Cu and 99.99% of total Cr and Ni, allowing to meet the limits provided in CONAMA Resolution 430/2011. The production of inorganic pigments from a mixture of 10% sludge (generated in the ideal experimental condition) and Al2O3 and TiO2 proved to be technically viable. It was obtained 8.27 g of a brown inorganic pigment, composed mainly of Al1.82Cr0.18O3, Ca0.999(Ti0.805Fe0.201)O2.899 and Fe2.18O4Ti0.42. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrate that EC is an effective technique in galvanic effluents treatment. The sludge generated in this process showed to be appropriated to be reused in inorganic pigment production and could be considered as an alternative to reduce the environmental impact related to electroplating process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Favero
- Master in Environmental Impact Assessment, La Salle University, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Hubner
- Analytical Centre of Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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204
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Kovačević M, Stjepanović N, Trigui S, Hackenberger DK, Lončarić Ž, Jovanović Glavaš O, Kallel A, Hackenberger BK. Assessment of adverse effects of olive mill waste water and olive mill waste contaminated soil on springtail Folsomia candida. Chemosphere 2022; 300:134651. [PMID: 35447214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years significant attention has been given to the problem of olive mill waste towards the environment. Still, there is a considerable gap in the knowledge of the impact of the olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and the olive mill waste contaminated soil (OMW CS) on non-target soil organisms. Springtails, as an important group of non-target soil organisms, are frequently used in ecotoxicological research. However, information on olive mill waste impact on the model species Folsomia candida is scarce. Therefore, in this study, we determined the effects of OMWW and OMW CS on survival, reproduction, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and available energy in springtail F. candida. The exposure to different ratios of OMWW and OMW CS showed higher toxicity of OMW CS in terms of survival (LC50 = 32.34% of OMWW; LC50 = 45.36% of OMW CS) and reproduction (EC50 = 10.10% of OMWW; EC50 = 19.44% of OMW CS). Furthermore, neurotoxicity (AChE induction), oxidative stress (SOD, GST, and MDA induction), and changes in available energy (decrease in lipid and carbohydrate content) have been observed. Those negative effects are likely consequences of the high phenol content specific to OMWW and OMW CS. Obtained results indicate that for the ecotoxicological assessment of various wastes it is essential to consider different tier level biomarkers to have a clear insight into the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kovačević
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Salsabil Trigui
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Davorka K Hackenberger
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Željka Lončarić
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olga Jovanović Glavaš
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Amjad Kallel
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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205
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Domingues E, Silva MJ, Vaz T, Gomes J, Martins RC. Sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes for agro-industrial effluents treatment: A comparative review with Fenton's peroxidation. Sci Total Environ 2022; 832:155029. [PMID: 35390368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastewater management becomes a major task while environmental regulations are becoming stricter worldwide. Agro-industrial wastewaters are known by high content of organic pollutants that cause an adverse effect on the water bodies. Industries are looking for efficient, easy-to-use and affordable treatment processes. Sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (S-AOPs) are arising as suitable alternatives for agro-industrial effluents treatment. In this review, the major findings regarding the application of this technology for real agro-industrial wastewater depuration are discussed. Moreover, these technologies are compared as an alternative to Fenton's process, which is a widely studied advanced oxidation process and with high efficiency in the treatment of agro-industrial effluents. The studies already carried out are promising, but there is still a great lack of studies in this area and using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Domingues
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Silva
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Telma Vaz
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gomes
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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206
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Abina A, Puc U, Zidanšek A. Challenges and opportunities of terahertz technology in construction and demolition waste management. J Environ Manage 2022; 315:115118. [PMID: 35472828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Construction and demolition waste are one of the largest waste streams generated in the EU by volume. They consist of materials such as concrete, bricks, gypsum, wood, glass, metals, foams, plastics, solvents, asbestos, asphalt, and excavated soil. Nowadays, many of them can be recycled, some even endlessly. This research attempts to contribute to the non-destructive characterization of such a waste with a novel method using terahertz radiation. By combining terahertz imaging and spectroscopy, we performed analytical characterization of selected building materials. The results demonstrate that terahertz technology allows an inside view into some of the non-conducting building materials. THz imaging can detect and visualize the organic solvents in the insulation material, which are often disposed of together with construction and demolition waste. It can also visualize the content of foreign objects or hazardous and toxic substances, which is important for their separation in the recyclate according to the type of the material. Furthermore, THz spectra reveal some spectral lines that can differentiate between different plastics and polymers within the frequency range of 1.0-4.5 THz due to different material structures and chemical compositions. Such results significantly contribute to the decision of which product meets all the standards, which can be returned to the production process due to irregularities or may be disposed of as waste. The only way to reduce construction and demolition waste in the future is to encourage the adoption of innovative technologies like terahertz spectroscopy in combination with traditional methods. This approach can bring some changes also to the construction design philosophy toward more sustainable buildings with minimum end-of-life demolition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Abina
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Puc
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Zidanšek
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, SI-2000, Maribor, Slovenia
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207
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Sun Y, Yang L, Chen C, Li C, Zheng M, Jin R, Wang W, Yang N, Li Y, Liu G. Method development for determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in industrial waste through gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9324. [PMID: 35560965 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are dioxin-like compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment. However, their unintentional emissions from industrial sources have received little attention and there is no method available for determination of PHCZs in industrial waste. This research develops a method for determination of PHCZs in industrial waste. METHODS In this research, a glass column packed with activated silica serves as a rapid and efficient clean-up pretreatment for purification. An isotope dilution gas chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was established for simultaneous determination of eleven PHCZs in industrial samples. RESULTS The regression coefficients of the standard curves for the congeners were all >0.99. The method detection limit ranged from 1.46 to 3.82 ng/mL for liquid samples and from 0.009 to 0.021 ng/g for solid samples. The precision described by the relative standard deviation ranged from 2.4% to 18.4% for liquid samples and from 5.5% to 35.8% for solid samples. The recovery ranges for the liquid and solid samples were 82%-123% and 83%-137%, respectively. 3-Chlorocarbazole (3-CCZ) and 36-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ) can be detected in both chemical bottom liquid from vinyl chloride production and fly ash from medical waste incineration by this method. CONCLUSIONS An efficient method is established for determination of PHCZs from industrial waste. The discovery of 3-CCZ and 36-CCZ highlights the importance of identification of potential industrial sources of PHCZs and clarification of their contribution to environmental risks. Our method could be applied to investigate industrial emission of PHCZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Sun
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changzhi Chen
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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208
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Eliopoulos C, Markou G, Chorianopoulos N, Haroutounian SA, Arapoglou D. Transformation of mixtures of olive mill stone waste and oat bran or Lathyrus clymenum pericarps into high added value products using solid state fermentation. Waste Manag 2022; 149:168-176. [PMID: 35738146 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study concerns the bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes into high added value products, such as proteinaceous animal feed, using Solid State Fermentation process (SSF). For this purpose, the Olive Mill Stone Waste (OMSW) which is known to contain low amounts of proteins and a high concentration of anti-nutritional substances was used as substrate. Subsequently, OMSW was fermented with Oat Bran (OB) or Lathyrus clymenum pericarp (LP) in proportions varying from 10 %w/w to 30 %w/w, applying SSF process initiated by Pleurotus ostreatus utilizing latter's secreted enzymes for their degradation. The respective results indicated that the addition of 30 %w/w of OB, resulted in a 39% increase of the protein content at the end of fermentation (Day 21). In addition, we observed a 5-fold increase of 1,3-1,6 β-glucan content and a simultaneous decrease of unwanted lignin of 24%. The addition of 20 %w/w of LP afforded, at the end of fermentation (Day 21), an increased protein content of 57%, a 3-fold increase in 1,3-1,6 β-glucans and a decrease in lignin concentration of 13%. These findings demonstrate the potential of the LP utilization by using SSF process, for the production of high nutritional value dietary supplements for animal feed. This endeavor constitutes the first literature report for the utilization of the agro-industrial waste LP. The developed methodology herein is considered as crucial for the circular economy since it refers to the reuse of agro-industrial wastes and the production of a high added-value product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Eliopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, HAO-DEMETER, Sof. Venizelou 1, Athens 14123, Greece; Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, Laboratory Nutritional Physiology & Feeding, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Giorgos Markou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, HAO-DEMETER, Sof. Venizelou 1, Athens 14123, Greece
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, HAO-DEMETER, Sof. Venizelou 1, Athens 14123, Greece
| | - Serkos A Haroutounian
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, Laboratory Nutritional Physiology & Feeding, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Arapoglou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, HAO-DEMETER, Sof. Venizelou 1, Athens 14123, Greece.
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209
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Hoang NH, Ishigaki T, Watari T, Yamada M, Kawamoto K. Current state of building demolition and potential for selective dismantling in Vietnam. Waste Manag 2022; 149:218-227. [PMID: 35752109 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Vietnam, an increase in construction activities together with the absence of recycling-oriented demolition techniques is giving rise to an alarming generation of construction and demolition waste. This study scrutinized the current state of building demolition approaches in Hanoi, Vietnam and evaluated the potential for the selective dismantling, or deconstruction, of reinforced-concrete (RC) houses. Site observations, direct measurement, and interviews were conducted to obtain information on technical, environmental, and economic characteristics of three residential housing sites, each representing a typical current demolition technique (manual, hybrid, and mechanical demolition). A selective dismantling site is proposed based on the collected survey data and published case studies. Our findings confirmed the unsustainability of RC-building demolition practices in Hanoi, which have an average reuse/recycling rate of roughly 3%. The application of selective dismantling will boost the recycling rate to a remarkable 90%, associated with a 55% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. Even though selective dismantling is more time-consuming and therefore more costly, it results in double the resale value and an eight-fold decrease in disposal costs. The results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that increasing the current disposal fee will significantly improve the feasibility of selective dismantling, suggesting a need for stricter disposal charging mechanisms along with other interventions such as the development of recycling facilities to promote the introduction of this building removal alternative in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Han Hoang
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Ishigaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takuma Watari
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ken Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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210
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Huang Y, Lu L, Ding C, Pan M. Eco-friendly wood-plastic composites from laminate sanding dust and waste poly(propylene) food pails. Waste Manag 2022; 149:96-104. [PMID: 35728480 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution caused by non-degradable petrochemical-based plastics has become a serious environmental problem in China, and the reasonable management of industrial waste and renewable resources remains a huge challenge. Here, we report environment-friendly wood-plastic composites (WPCs), prepared from decorative high-pressure laminate (HPL) sanding dust (filler) and waste thermoplastic food pails (matrix), as well as comprehensively evaluate the processability, mechanical and interfacial properties, indoor safety evaluation. The elemental composition and thermal stability of these two residue materials were suitable for the WPC manufacturing process. The content of HPL sanding dust in WPC was fixed at 60 wt%, and the amount of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) added was 5 wt%-7 wt%, which maximized the utilization of waste resources, and can obtain impact strength as high as 5-6 kJ/m2, tensile strength of 35-42 MPa and flexural strength as high as 43-46 MPa. The developed WPCs had low formaldehyde emissions (≤1.53 mg/m3) and slightly improved flame retardancy. Finally, their lower cost (5,035 yuan/ton) and higher eco-efficiency (12.81 yuan/kg CO2) characteristics allowed them to be compatible with the current sustainable development requirements. This study provides a novel approach for the utilization of industrial waste and recyclable resources for sustainable replacement of wood-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Shanghai Formica Decorative Material Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201706, China
| | - Chunxiang Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Shabir S, Ilyas N, Mashwani ZUR, Ahmad MS, Al-Ansari MM, Al-Humaid L, Reddy MS. Designing of pretreatment filter technique for reduction of phenolic constituents from olive-mill wastewater and testing its impact on wheat germination. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134438. [PMID: 35358557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil extraction produces a great volume of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is considered a serious ecological challenge. In this study, we have designed and tested a trickling filter consisting of seven different layers of natural material, including (coarse gravel, fine gravel, lime (Ca (OH)2), sand (SiO2), carbon char, sponge/mesh), to treat OMW. The filter process involved physical separation, filtration, coagulation and adsorption with the removal of COD (69.8%), BOD (40.2%), Phenolic contents (90%), pH (41%), EC (41.6%) and total suspended solids (TSS) (69%). Our results have shown that treated OMW has a high potential oxidant activity. T7, Untreated OMW at 1:6 dilutions, had the strongest correlation (i.e. 0.97), while untreated OMW had the lowest IC50 (7.62 g ml-1), which shown the best DPPH radical scavenging capabilities. While pure Untreated OMW has the maximum radical scavenging activity, 63%, treated (1:6) diluted OMW exhibits the lowest value i. e 9% when phosphomolybdate assay was done. HPLC analysis showed that the trickling filter removed the vanillic acid, caffeic acid and reduced the contents of phenolic components such as gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, vanillin, quercetin and catechol. Filtered OMW was also tested for its germination efficacy at various dilutions (1:0, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6). A remarkable improvement in germination percentage, germination index, seedling length, seedling vigor index, promptness index, stress tolerance index (76.7%, 68.4%, 51.7%, 82.1%, 54.8%, and 66.7%, respectively) has shown the efficiency of treated OMW at 1:6 dilutions. The results from this study show the efficiency of our filter design which can be further used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Shabir
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Reddy
- Asian PGPR Society for Sustainable Agriculture & Auburn Ventures, Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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212
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Khan S, Zeyad MT, Malik A. Genotoxicity assessment of textile waste contaminated soil and characterization of textile dye degradation by a novel indigenous bacterium Ochrobactrum intermedium BS39. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134082. [PMID: 35218787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The harmful effects of textile wastewater irrigation practices on the crop productivity and soil nutrient levels are primarily related with the accumulation of recalcitrant azo dyes in the soil. Therefore, toxicity assessment of the textile waste contaminated soil along with the development of a powerful soil bioremediation strategy is a challenging task for the researchers. Present study aimed to evaluate potential toxicity of the textile wastewater irrigated soil collected from Panki industrial site 5, Kanpur, India employing Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test, Escherichia coli DNA repair defective mutation assay and Allium cepa chromosomal aberration assay. The results of the Ames test and DNA repair defective mutation test showed that all the organic extracts of the contaminated soil samples induced different degrees of DNA damage, indicating the existence of mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Additionally, in A. cepa root cells, the contaminated soil altered mitotic index and caused chromosomal abnormalities. Results of the study demonstrated potential health risks related with the irrigation of textile wastewater. Keeping in view of the above scenario, the study led to the isolation and characterization of a novel indigenous bacterium capable of tolerating very high concentration of reactive black 5 dye (500 μg-mL-1) and salt (20 gL-1) with concurrently high efficiency of the dye degradation i.e., 93% decolorization at temperature of 37 °C and in pH range of 5-9. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the bacterium was identified as Ochrobactrum intermedium. Further, dye degradation products were identified as sodium-2-hydrosulfonylethyl sulphate and sodium-3-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry; and this isolate can be exploited for bioremediation of textile waste contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tarique Zeyad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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213
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Lanfranconi I, Ceretta MB, Bertola N, Wolski EA, Durruty I. Textile dyeing wastewater treatment by Penicillium chrysogenum: Design of a sustainable process. Water Sci Technol 2022; 86:292-301. [PMID: 35906908 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work a parametric study and a bench bioreactor degradation test of Direct Black 22 (DB22) by Penicillium chrysogenum was performed as a first approach to an industrial application, framed within a policy of sustainable processes development. Three ancillary carbon sources and their optimum initial concentrations were studied. These were: glucose, potato starch and potato industry wastewater. Their optimum initial concentration was 6 g/L. The use of potato starch as co-substrate showed the highest decolorization rate and COD removal. Degradation of DB22 using different immobilization supports (stainless steel sponge, loofah sponge and polyethylene strips) was studied and the results showed that the time needed for the treatment decreased from 6 to 4 d. Phytotoxicity was evaluated in the final products of the immobilized cells assays, using Lactuca sativa seeds. For all treatments phytoxicity was reduced with respect to the untreated wastewater, except for the assays using polyethylene strips. Finally, the reuse of the biomass attached to different carriers and the performance of the treatment of DB22 in a 1 L bench scale bioreactor were tested. P. chrysogenum decolorized at least four sucesives reuses. The reactor assays showed a better performance of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lanfranconi
- Biochemical Engineering Group, INCITAA, CIC, CONICET, Ingeniering School, Mar del Plata National University, Av Juan B Justo 4302, Mar del Plata B7608FDQ, Argentina E-mail:
| | - María Belén Ceretta
- Biochemical Engineering Group, INCITAA, CIC, CONICET, Ingeniering School, Mar del Plata National University, Av Juan B Justo 4302, Mar del Plata B7608FDQ, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Nora Bertola
- CIDCA, CONICET, CIC, La Plata National University, 47 y 116, La Plata B1900AJJ, Argentina
| | - Erika Alejandra Wolski
- Biochemical Engineering Group, INCITAA, CIC, CONICET, Ingeniering School, Mar del Plata National University, Av Juan B Justo 4302, Mar del Plata B7608FDQ, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Ignacio Durruty
- Biochemical Engineering Group, INCITAA, CIC, CONICET, Ingeniering School, Mar del Plata National University, Av Juan B Justo 4302, Mar del Plata B7608FDQ, Argentina E-mail:
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214
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Zhao Y, Niu Z, Zhong Q, Wang L, He S, Xu M, Wang J. Preparation and Characterization of Red Mud/Fly Ash Composite Material (RFCM) for Phosphate Removal. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:169-179. [PMID: 35732838 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new red mud/fly ash composite material (RFCM) for phosphate removal was prepared by granulation and activation methods, using bauxite residue (red mud, RM) as the main raw material, adding with some fly ash and a few adhesives. The effects of different types of RM and adhesives on RFCM for phosphate removal were discussed. It was found that RFCM prepared from sintering red mud and cement waste performed better on phosphate removal than that prepared from Bayer red mud and common industrial adhesives. After calcination activated at appropriate temperature around 800-900℃, the specific surface area of RFCM increased, and new substances with hydroxyl (-OH) appeared on the surface of RFCM, which were the functional groups for phosphate removal. Mechanism of RFCM for phosphate removal was speculated as a combination of physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and chemical precipitation, which mainly depended on ligand exchange and chemical reaction. This research will provide a potential application of bauxite residue in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zixuan Niu
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Environmental Health Management Guidance Center, Taicang Urban Administration Bureau, No.118 Tianjin Road, Taicang, Suzhou, 215413, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhong
- School of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tangshan University, No.11 Daxue West Avenue, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong He
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nantong Capchem Chemicals, Co. Ltd., No. 986 JiangShan Road, Nantong Economic Development Zone, Nantong, 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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215
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Mercader-Moyano P, Camporeale PE, López-López J. A construction and demolition waste management model applied to social housing to trigger post-pandemic economic recovery in Mexico. Waste Manag Res 2022; 40:1027-1038. [PMID: 34714206 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211052856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Buildings consume 40% of raw material and primary energy and generate 35% of industrial waste worldwide, making this sector play a main role in raw material depletion, energy consumption and carbon emissions which provoke great environmental impact and worsen Global Warming. Latin American countries including Mexico have the world's highest urbanisation rate (84%) but lack effective construction and demolition waste (CDW) management to thrive in regenerative sustainability, climate change mitigation and post-pandemic economic recovery. This work applies the Spanish current model to quantify on-site 61 Mexican social housing CDW with surveys to workers and supervisors as an additional source of data. The results of the case study show that social housing consumes 1.24 t.m-2 of raw materials and produces 0.083 t.m-2 of CDW. Cement-based, ceramic and mixed CDW represent 83.44% of total CDW. When considering inert soil as a recyclable resource, 78% of the remaining CDW ends in landfills and only 22% of it goes to recycling plants. The implementation of this methodology will deliver sustainable CDW management in Mexico, by minimising CDW production, promoting related legislation and allowing replacement of current construction materials for eco-efficient ones. Furthermore, these data can broaden the Spanish coefficients of the construction resources that become CDW to build an internationally sourced database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Mercader-Moyano
- Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jesús López-López
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo Centro Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Mexico
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216
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Lin G, Wang K, He X, Yang Z, Wang L. Characterization of physicochemical parameters and bioavailable heavy metals and their interactions with microbial community in arsenic-contaminated soils and sediments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:49672-49683. [PMID: 35218496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mobility and toxicity of heavy metal contamination in the environment are highly dependent on its bioavailability. Most of previous studies focused on total heavy metal contents and their influence on microbial community in soils and sediments. Little were concerned about bioavailable fractions. In the current study, soil and sediment samples were collected near an abandoned realgar mine in Shimen County, China. Bioavailable heavy metals including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in the samples were extracted using three-step sequential extraction method. Interactions among physicochemical parameters, total and bioavailable heavy metals, and microbial community in the collected samples were investigated. The study area has been severely contaminated by As with a concentration up to 2158 mg·kg-1 detected. The result of principal component analysis showed that the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the soils were obviously different from those in the sediments. In the soil samples, pH made a dominant contribution on the OTU abundance of microbial community. Correlation analyses revealed that the alpha diversity indices and microbial taxon were most correlated with bioavailable fractions of heavy metals in all the samples. That means bioavailable heavy metals rather than total heavy metals or physicochemical parameters played a more important role on richness and diversity of microbial community. Little connections were observed between microbial community and As no matter total concentration or bioavailable fraction. However, bioavailable Fe and Mn were recognized as the major driving force shaping the taxonomic structure of microbial community due to their relatively high concentrations and high affinity to other heavy metal contamination in soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoman He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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217
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Nasrullah M, Ansar S, Krishnan S, Singh L, Peera SG, Zularisam AW. Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: Optimization process using high current application. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134387. [PMID: 35339529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the electrocoagulation wastewater treatment process, extremely polluted water treatment requires an effective technique, and using high current is one of those. This study aims to optimize electrocoagulation parameters such as operation time, electrodes gap and the initial pH by applying high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) via Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids (SS) were used as the response variables in the quadratic polynomial model. Most of the selected models in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) have shown significant results. A high connection between the parameters and dependent variables was surprisingly discovered in this study which the obtained value of R2 for removal percentage of COD, BOD and SS were 0.9975, 0.9984 and 0.9979 respectively. Optimal removal was achieved at 19.07 A of current intensity (equivalent to 542 mA/cm2 of current density), 44.97 min of treatment time, 8.60 mm of inter-electrode distance and 4.37 of pH value, resulted in 97.21%, 99.26% and 99.00% of COD, BOD and SS removal respectively. This optimized scheme of operating parameters combination offers an alternate choice for enhancing the treatment efficiency of POME and also can be a benchmark for other researchers to treat highly polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Energy Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Via Premnager, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Shaik Gouse Peera
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42602, Republic of Korea
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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218
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RushendraRevathy TD, Ramachandran A, Palanivelu K. Utilization of steelmaking slag for carbon capture and storage with flue gas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:51065-51082. [PMID: 34786621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage is a necessary action for the reduction of CO2 emissions, and thereby mitigation of climate change and its impacts. Especially, in India, with its growing fuel needs and very little attention paid towards carbon capture and storage, mineral carbonation technology is a suitable option as it is cost-effective and could be retrofitted to existing plants that emit CO2. Given the development of carbon capture and storage technology, this study attempts direct mineral carbonation of steelmaking slag with flue gas. Response surface methodology was employed to design gas-solid and slurry phase aqueous carbonation experiments. A maximum reduction of about 36.1% was achieved through aqueous carbonation at 61.1 °C, 46.24 bar, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 14.5, corresponding to a sequestration capacity of 127.4 g of CO2/kg of slag. The temperature was found to be the most vital parameter in both the aqueous and gas-solid carbonation processes. Regression models used to study the carbonation process were found to be statistically significant. The carbonated slag consisted of mineral phases, namely, calcite and dolomite. The results demonstrated the sequestration potential of Indian steelmaking slag with flue gas. Carbonation of steelmaking slag with flue gas poses to be a promising option for the development of carbon capture and storage technology in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andimuthu Ramachandran
- Centre for Climate Change and Disaster Management, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Kandasamy Palanivelu
- Centre for Climate Change and Disaster Management, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, India
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, India
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219
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Guo H, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Quantification of industrial wastewater discharge from the major cities in Sichuan province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:51567-51577. [PMID: 35244848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used spatial autocorrelation, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to study the spatial characteristics and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province (2003-2018). We showed that the amount of industrial wastewater discharge in Sichuan province for the period was reduced from 116,580 to 42,064.96 million tons as observed from the Moran index ranging from -0.310 to 0.302. We identified that the EKC type of Sichuan province was monotonically decreasing and six types of the EKC (monotonically decreasing, monotonically increasing, U, N, inverted U, and inverted N, shape) in 18 major cities. The technical effect (from -0.0964 to -8.8912) can reduce the discharge of industrial wastewater, while the economy effect (0.2948-5.882), structure effect (0.0892-4.5183), and population effect (from -0.0059 to 0.2873) can promote the industrial wastewater discharge. Our findings suggest that industrial wastewater discharge was reduced and changed from non-significant dissociation to non-significant agglomeration to non-significant dissociation during the study period. Furthermore, technical management upgrade is the primary driver in Sichuan province to reduce industrial wastewater discharge during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen'an Yang
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, People's Republic of China.
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220
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Gülmez N. Experimental and material characterization of composites, including waste iron and marble powder. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:51927-51941. [PMID: 35257330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to its fine particle size, waste marble slurry originating in cutting and processing units mixes into the air after drying, causing environmental and health problems in nearby areas. On the other hand, large amounts of iron particles are generated as metalworking industry waste, affecting the environmental system. In this study, 0%, 10%, and 20% marble powder (instead of cement) and iron particles (instead of fine aggregate) were used in mixtures, and the composites produced were subjected to two different curing periods: 7 and 28 days. The physical, mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties of the fresh and hardened composites were ascertained via bulk density, consistency, porosity, water absorption, capillary water absorption, strength tests, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRF), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The results revealed that minimum water absorption (8.5%) and porosity (19.8%) values were achieved in 28-day composites produced with 10% marble-20% iron wastes among all composites. Thus, iron particles substituted for natural aggregates were mainly responsible for the increase in mechanical performance. A maximum flexural strength of 5.9 MPa and a compressive strength of 26.7 MPa were observed in 28-day composites containing 0% marble-20% iron wastes. Furthermore, capillary water absorption tended to decrease with the substitution of 10% marble powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Gülmez
- Department of Civil Engineering, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
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221
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Bheel N, Khoso S, Baloch MH, Benjeddou O, Alwetaishi M. Use of waste recycling coal bottom ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as cement and sand replacement material to produce sustainable concrete. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:52399-52411. [PMID: 35258727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concrete is widely used as a building material all over the world, and its use is increasing the demand of cement and sand in the construction industry. However, the limited resources and environmental degradation are driving scientists to develop alternative materials from vast volumes of agro-industrial wastes as a partial replacement for conventional cement. In the manufacture of concrete, cement is a major binding resource. This study looked into recycling agro-industrial wastes into cement, such as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), coal bottom ash (CBA), and others, to create sustainable and environmentally friendly concrete. This study aims to see how the combined effects of agricultural by-product wastes affected the characteristics of concrete. SCBA is used to replace fine aggregate (FA) ranging from 0 to 40% by weight of FA, while CBA is used to replace cement content ranging from 0 to 20% by weight of the total binder. In this case, a total of 204 concrete samples (cubes and cylinders) are made using a mixed proportion of 1:1.5:3 and a water-cement ratio of 0.54. Workability, density, water absorption, and mechanical characteristics in terms of compressive and splitting tensile strengths were examined in this study. In addition, for each mix percentage, the total embodied carbon was determined. Workability, density, and water absorption were found to be considerably decreased when CBA and SCBA concentration increased. Due to the pozzolanic nature of CBA and SCBA, an increase in compressive and splitting tensile strengths were seen for specific concrete mixtures, and further addition of CBA and SCBA, the decrease in strength. The embodied carbon of SCBA has augmented the total embodied carbon of concrete, though it can be seen that C15S40, which comprises of 15% CBA and 40% SCBA, is the optimum mix that attained tensile and compressive strength by 3.05 MPa and 28.75 MPa correspondingly, with a 4% reduction in total embodied carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naraindas Bheel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Tronoh, , Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Salim Khoso
- Department of Civil Engineering, Quaid-E-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Campus Larkana, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mereen Hussain Baloch
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Universiti 1 Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Omrane Benjeddou
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdooh Alwetaishi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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222
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Liu S, Lu B, Li H, Pan Z, Jiang J, Qian S. A comparative study on environmental performance of 3D printing and conventional casting of concrete products with industrial wastes. Chemosphere 2022; 298:134310. [PMID: 35301991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3D printing construction techniques are believed to have potential sustainability benefits, including improved resource efficiency, increased construction productivity, and construction of complex geometries without supporting structures. 3D printable concrete materials, when introducing industrial wastes such as fly ash, silica fume, and slag, may also bring additional sustainability benefits. These advantages need to be verified quantitatively. This study investigated the environmental impact of 3D printable concrete materials using industrial wastes compared with the conventional ones via life cycle assessment (LCA). Two types of concrete materials applied in concrete casting or 3D printing were compared, that is, cement-based concrete and geopolymer concrete. The results indicate that using waste materials as cement replacement could bring environmental benefits; however, such environmental benefits might be diminished with increasing activator content in geopolymer concrete for 3D concrete printing. Based on the material-level LCA results, this study further conducted an LCA study at the component level, which investigated the life-cycle environmental impact of concrete components of different shapes constructed by Contour Crafting method. Results show that the potential environmental benefit of 3D concrete printing increases with the level of building complexity while decreases with the reuse times of formwork, which leads to the conclusion that 3D concrete printing method is more desirable for constructing non-repetitive freeform concrete structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Bing Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hongliang Li
- Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Zehua Pan
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China
| | - Shunzhi Qian
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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223
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Sun W, Yu N, Chen J, Gu Z, Wei J, Yao Y. Heterogeneous Ti/PbO 2-electro-Fenton degradation of aromatic methane dyes using industrial pyrite waste slag as catalyst. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:50218-50236. [PMID: 35226267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to search the eco-friendly and cost-effective technologies for degrading contaminants. Coupling the effect of Ti/PbO2 at the anode with heterogeneous electro-Fenton was an efficient method. Industrial pyrite waste slag characterized by a variety of methods had catalytic performance and stable performance to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radical (∙OH). Meanwhile, the processing conditions, the malachite green wastewater concentration, the current density, the pH range, and the dosage of industrial pyrite waste slag were emphatically optimized. Herein, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency reached 97.70%, the mineralization current efficiency (MCE) was 0.392%, and the energy consumption (EC) was 1.942 kWh/m3 after 240 min. Heterogeneous Ti/PbO2-electro-Fenton using industrial pyrite waste slag as catalyst was an environmentally friendly technology and provided a recycling method with traditional wastes. Finally, catalytic mechanisms and possible pathways were represented according to the results of quantum chemistry calculations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Sun
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Naichuan Yu
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Gu
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Tianjin Vocational Institute, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin, 300410, 8, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwu Yao
- Hebei University Of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
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224
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Zhang J, Zhang N, Yuan J, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Mortar Designed from Red Mud with Iron Tailings and Moulded by 3D Printing. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:95-100. [PMID: 35786734 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A specific mortar material (abbreviated as RFT) was designed from industrial solid wastes, such as red mud, fly ash, and iron tailings. It was mainly developed for 3D printing in this work. Mechanical properties, microstructure and heavy metal leaching properties were discussed. The RFT composed of 15% red mud, 45% iron tailings, 9% fly ash, 30% cement, and 1% FDN water reducing agent attained good mechanical properties. Hydration products including Ca(OH)2, ettringite and C-S-H gel were found in RFT through SEM observation. Iron tailings mainly acted as fine aggregates in RFT, and they were wrapped by the C-S-H gels, producing a strong bonding effect between aggregates and cementitious matrix. The leaching toxicity test results proved that the developed RFT mortar materials were environmentally acceptable. Finally, RFT was subjected to a 3D printing test to verify its feasibility as 3D printable construction material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Geosciences Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Geosciences Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Geosciences Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jihan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Geosciences Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Geosciences Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Geosciences Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
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225
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Abstract
Food processing sustainability, as well as waste minimization, are key concerns for the modern food industry. A significant amount of waste is generated by the fruit juice industry each year. In addition to the economic losses caused by the removal of these wastes, its impact on the environment is undeniable. Therefore, researchers have focused on recovering the bioactive components from fruit juice processing, in which a great number of phytochemicals still exist in the agro-industrial wastes, to help minimize the waste burden as well as provide new sources of bioactive compounds, which are believed to be protective agents against certain diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Although these wastes contain non-negligible amounts of bioactive compounds, information on the utilization of these byproducts in functional ingredient/food production and their impact on the sensory quality of food products is still scarce. In this regard, this review summarizes the most recent literature on bioactive compounds present in the wastes of apple, citrus fruits, berries, stoned fruits, melons, and tropical fruit juices, together with their extraction techniques and valorization approaches. Besides, on the one hand, examples of different current food applications with the use of these wastes are provided. On the other hand, the challenges with respect to economic, sensory, and safety issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Kandemir
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Piskin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science
and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense
Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- International
Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
- Merve Tomas:
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Esra
Capanoglu:
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226
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Khudhur FWK, MacDonald JM, Macente A, Daly L. The utilization of alkaline wastes in passive carbon capture and sequestration: Promises, challenges and environmental aspects. Sci Total Environ 2022; 823:153553. [PMID: 35104509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline wastes have been the focus of many studies as they act as CO2 sinks and have the potential to offset emissions from mining and steelmaking industries. Passive carbonation of alkaline wastes mimics natural silicate weathering and provides a promising alternative pathway for CO2 capture and storage as carbonates, requiring marginal human intervention when compared to ex-situ carbonation. This review summarizes the extant research that has investigated the passive carbonation of alkaline wastes, namely ironmaking and steelmaking slag, mine tailings and demolition wastes, over the past two decades. Here we report different factors that affect passive carbonation to address challenges that this process faces and to identify possible solutions. We identify avenues for future research such as investigating how passive carbonation affects the surrounding environment through interaction with the biosphere and the hydrosphere. Future research should also consider economic analyses to provide investors with an in-depth understanding of passive carbonation techniques. Based on the reviewed materials, we conclude that passive carbonation can be an important contributor to climate change mitigation strategies, and its potential can be intensified by applying simple waste management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal W K Khudhur
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - John M MacDonald
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alice Macente
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Luke Daly
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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227
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Hentges TI, Machado da Motta EA, Valentin de Lima Fantin T, Moraes D, Fretta MA, Pinto MF, Spiering Böes J. Circular economy in Brazilian construction industry: Current scenario, challenges and opportunities. Waste Manag Res 2022; 40:642-653. [PMID: 34634967 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211045014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effective implantation of the circular economy (CE) presents a great challenge to the industrial sectors, mostly in those of greater environmental impact, such as construction industry. In Brazil, this industry has been growing over the last 20 years; however, such growth was based on an extractivist economy without any consideration to the end of its products lifespan. Only in 2017, 45 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste were generated in the country. This paper presents the current context of public policies in the Brazilian construction industry and proposes initiatives to introduce principles of CE. An exploratory study was developed, and all the 45 references presented in Appendix A of the review paper of Benachio et al. were considered to draw new ideas. These ideas are related and compared to key points in Brazilian regulations. Twelve opportunities for the improvement are listed and organized by construction stages (planning and design, materials manufacturing, construction processes, use and demolition). The ones related to design and planning using Green building information modelling, and materials manufacturing with recycled waste are highlighted due to the existing actions, standards, and Federal legislation. It was found that some sectors and the government already have actions related to CE (based on the 3R principle), but still there are several initiatives needed for its effective implementation in the Brazilian construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Isabel Hentges
- Professional Master's Program in Civil, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, University of Contestado, Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Valentin de Lima Fantin
- Professional Master's Program in Civil, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, University of Contestado, Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Deivid Moraes
- Professional Master's Program in Civil, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, University of Contestado, Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mauro Acir Fretta
- Professional Master's Program in Civil, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, University of Contestado, Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Fabiani Pinto
- Professional Master's Program in Civil, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, University of Contestado, Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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228
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Martineli L, da Silva Berilli S, Amaro de Sales R, da Cunha M, Monaco PAVL, de Jesus Freitas S, Martineli M, Gabriel Berilli APC, Pireda S, da Silva Oliveira D, Louzada Pereira L. Influence of chromium and sodium on development, physiology, and anatomy of Conilon coffee seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:44986-44997. [PMID: 35142998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some components found in the composition of the tannery sludge are nutrients for the plants; it can be considered an alternative source of fertilization as they have favorable agronomic characteristics. However, it is reported in some studies that the presence of chromium and sodium in this residue causes physiological and anatomical disturbances that inhibit the development of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of chromium and sodium on the physiology, anatomy, and development of Conilon coffee seedlings grown on substrates produced with tannery sludge and equivalent doses of chromium and sodium. The experiment was carried out in nursery using randomized block design, containing 5 treatments and 7 repetitions. The treatments consisted of the application of a 40% tannery sludge dose and equivalent doses of chromium and sodium mixed with a conventional substrate. Notably, the presence of sodium in the substrate caused greater damage to the plants, negatively influencing the physiology, anatomy, and, consequently, development of the plants, while the presence of chromium suggests that it does not influence much the evaluated characteristics. The treatment with tannery sludge, on the other hand, despite containing the same chromium and sodium contents, revealed a more pronounced negative influence on the physiology, anatomy, and development patterns of the seedlings. This shows that sodium and chromium alone are not the only factors responsible for the lowest growth indicators studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martineli
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo - Itapina Campus, Rodovia Br-259, Km 70, IFES Campus Itapina, Colatina, ES, CEP: 29.717-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio da Silva Berilli
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo - Alegre Campus, Rodovia BR-482, Km 47, Alegre, ES, CEP: 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Ramon Amaro de Sales
- Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, CEP: 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Maura da Cunha
- State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875 - Parque California, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP: 28013-600, Brazil
| | - Paola Afonsa Vieira Lo Monaco
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo - Santa Teresa Campus, Rodovia ES-080, Km 93, Santa Teresa, ES, 29660-000, Brazil
| | - Sílvio de Jesus Freitas
- State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875 - Parque California, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP: 28013-600, Brazil
| | - Maristella Martineli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences of the State University of Montes Claros - Janaúba Campus, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba, MG, CEP: 39.440-000, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Pireda
- State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875 - Parque California, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP: 28013-600, Brazil
| | - Dhiego da Silva Oliveira
- State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 875 - Parque California, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP: 28013-600, Brazil
| | - Lucas Louzada Pereira
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo - Venda Nova Campus, Avenida Elizabeth Minete Perim, nº 500, São Rafael, Venda Nova Do Imigrante, ES, CEP 29375-000, Brazil
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229
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Nguyen LH, Nguyen TD, Tran TVN, Nguyen DL, Tran HS, Nguyen TL, Nguyen TH, Nguyen HG, Nguyen TP, Nguyen NT, Isawa T, Ta Y, Sato R. Steel slag quality control for road construction aggregates and its environmental impact: case study of Vietnamese steel industry-leaching of heavy metals from steel-making slag. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:41983-41991. [PMID: 34564812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Steel slag is an industrial by product of steel manufacturing processes and has been widely utilized within civil and construction materials for road materials and environmental remediation in countries like Japan, USA, and European Union nations. However, the current utilization of steel slag in Vietnam is very low mainly because of lack of quality control of slag treatment and chances for reuse of treated steel slag. This paper presents the up to date steel slag production status in Vietnam through the extensive survey and sampling at seven large steel factories. The paper also highlights the environmental and quality control issues of these steel slags to use as road construction aggregates by assessing the heavy metals concentration in the leachate. The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag samples were collected to evaluate leaching properties of metals leached from the slags. The two standardized batch leaching tests of steel slag roadbed material in Japan (JIS K 0058-1) and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP-EPA method 1311) were performed to the evaluated the hazardous metals. The results of the leaching test show that almost all of the concentration of the metals in the leached solution does not exceed the National Standard for Industrial Wastewater Discharge (QCVN 40-2011). The pH and parameters such as total chromium, nickel, copper, lead, arsenic, and manganese differ from the two test methods. The acidic conditions employed in the EPA 1311 were not representative of condition excepted during slag reuse in road constructions because in the operation condition of the road, acidic liquid is absent. The leaching test results confirmed that JIS test which uses deionized water with gentle mixing prevents the slag sample from size degradation is suitable for the environmental assessment of steel slag use for roadbed material. This research suggests that the adjustment of pH value prior to disposal or reuse as base materials and official guideline should be promulgate by the authorities to ensure the leachate meet the surface water quality standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Building Materials, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Viet Nga Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Luong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Son Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Lien Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Huong Nguyen
- Vietnam Japan Institute for Advanced Technology, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Giang Nguyen
- Faculty of Building and Industrial Construction, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tan Phong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Natural Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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230
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Agrawal Y, Gupta T, Siddique S, Sharma RK, Panwar NL. Environmental assessment, microstructural behaviour, stress-strain characteristics, and effect of exposure to extreme temperature on sustainable concrete made with dolomite mining residues. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:44067-44090. [PMID: 35122649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mining and extraction of stones and minerals play a significant role in many countries economic growth in the world. The production of dolomite minerals in various industries in India and other countries produces vast amounts of waste in different fractions. Disposal of these types of industrial wastes in an immense quantity causes environmental pollution. The performance of dolomite mining residues on concrete properties as a fine aggregate substitute was examined. The microstructural analysis was conducted on the concrete samples to find the effect of dolomite mining residues in concrete. The stress-strain behaviour of the dolomite mining residues concrete was studied. The effect of exposure to elevated temperature and freeze-thaw on concrete properties containing dolomite mining residues was found up to 100% at 10% incremental order. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) tests were conducted on the dolomite mining residues and concrete samples. As a test result, concrete properties influence with the incorporation of the dolomite mining residues as a substitution of river sand, but no significant effect is observed in the concrete properties containing 10% dolomite mining residues. Up to 10% of dolomite production waste can be used as a sand substitute in concrete and other applications for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Agrawal
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Trilok Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Salman Siddique
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Advanced Construction Materials (CACM), University of Texas at Arlington, Nedderman Hall, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Narayan Lal Panwar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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231
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Dang DT, Nguyen MT, Nguyen TP, Isawa T, Ta Y, Sato R. Mechanical properties of steel slag replaced mineral aggregate for road base/sub-base application based Vietnam and Japan standard. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:42067-42073. [PMID: 34859353 PMCID: PMC9148282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Steelmaking slag is one of the most massive industrial by-products generated during steelmaking processes. This paper presents the current steelmaking slag production status and its potential to use as mineral aggregates in base/sub-base layer of road pavement. The mechanical properties of steelmaking slag were confirmed by the test method specified in Vietnam specification. The volume stability test of the slag was conducted based on JIS A 5015-2018 (Japanese Industrial Standard: Iron and steel slag for road construction). From the results, it was confirmed that steelmaking slag can satisfy all the mechanical requirements specified in Vietnam specification and the requirements regarding stability specified in JIS A 5015-2018. In addition, it was found that the elastic modulus of steelmaking slag applied as a base or sub-base layer in pavement was higher than that of the conventional graded aggregate made from mineral aggregate. Therefore, the thickness of pavement can be reduced by using steelmaking slag, and the construction cost can be lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Tung Dang
- Department of Bridge and Highway, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Manh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Bridge and Highway, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Tan Phong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment-Natural Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tomoo Isawa
- Steel Research Lab, JFE Steel Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ta
- Steel Research Lab, JFE Steel Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Steel Research Lab, JFE Steel Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
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232
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Qiao Y, Yang W, Wang X, Jiao L, Yang Y, Wang S, Bian H, Dai H. Phosphomolybdic acid-catalyzed oxidation of waste starch: a new strategy for handling the OCC pulping wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:39702-39711. [PMID: 35106726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When old corrugated cardboard (OCC) is returned to the paper mill for repulping and reuse, the starch, which is added to the paper surface as a reinforcement agent, is dissolved into the pulping wastewater. Most of the OCC pulping wastewater is recycled to save precious water resources; however, during the water recycling process, the accumulation of dissolved starch stimulates microbial reproduction, which causes poor water quality and putrid odor. This problem seriously affects the stability of the papermaking process and product quality. In this study, phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40, abbreviated as PMo12) was utilized to catalyze the waste starch present in papermaking wastewater to monosaccharides, realizing the resource utilization of waste starch. The results showed that the optimized yield of total reducing sugar (78.68 wt%) and glycolic acid (12.83 wt%) was achieved at 145 °C with 30 wt% PMo12 at pH 2, which is equivalent to 91.51 wt% starch recovered from wastewater for resource utilization. In addition, the regeneration of the reduced PMo12 was realized by applying a potential of 1 V for 2 h. Overall, this study has theoretical significance and potential application value for resource utilization of waste starch in OCC pulping process and cleaner management of OCC waste paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Qiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weisheng Yang
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, 211135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yiqin Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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233
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Ozay Y, Dizge N. The effect of pre-treatment methods on membrane flux, COD, and total phenol removal efficiencies for membrane treatment of pistachio wastewater. J Environ Manage 2022; 310:114762. [PMID: 35220102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of pre-treatment methods was investigated for membrane treatment of pistachio processing wastewater (PPW). Chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were tested as the pretreatment methods to understand the effect of pretreatment on membrane performance. Alum (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), iron (III) chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) and iron(II) sulfate (Fe(SO4)·7H2O) were used as coagulant and anionic polyelectrolyte was used as flocculant. Al-Al and Fe-Fe electrode pairs were used in the electrocoagulation experiments while platinum (Pt), boron doped diamond (BDD), and graphite were used in the electrooxidation experiments. UP150, NF270, and NF90 were used as the membranes. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol removal efficiencies from wastewater were determined by considering membrane flux. For chemical coagulation experiments, the highest COD removal efficiency was determined as 44.9% for Al2(SO4)3.18H2O at 1000 mg/L when the wastewater pH value was 8.0. However, the highest total phenol removal efficiencies were obtined as 62.5% at 4000 mg/L for FeCl3.6H2O at pH 8. For electrocoagulation experiments, the highest COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 63.9% at pH 4.0 and 74.2% at pH 7.0, respectively, for 100 A/m2 current density when aluminum electrode pairs were used. For electrooxidation experiments, the highest COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 61.2% at pH 4.0 and 83.1% at pH 10, respectively, for 200 A/m2 current density when BDD-Pt electrode pairs were used. Raw PPW and pre-treated PPW with chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were progressively further treated with ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NF270, NF90) membranes to improve COD and total phenol removal efficiencies. The results showed that the permeate of NF90 membrane supplied the highest COD (96.0%) and total phenol removal (97.5%) efficiencies for the raw wastewater. However, COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 98.6% and 100% for electrocoagulation + NF90, 97.9% and 100% for electrooxidation + NF90, 96.6% and 100% for chemical coagulation + NF90, respectively. The steady-state fluxes for NF90 membranes were 2.9, 7.0, and 8.6 L/m2h after chemical coagulation, electrooxidation, and electrocoagulation, respectively. The results depicted that electrocoagulation and electrooxidation were the most suitable pre-treatment methods for water recovery using NF90 membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ozay
- Tarsus University, Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, 33400, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Mersin University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
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234
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Du CM, Gao X, Ueda S, Kitamura SY. Recovery of high-quality phosphate from steelmaking slag by a hydrometallurgical process. Sci Total Environ 2022; 819:153125. [PMID: 35041953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from wastes has become a worldwide concern. The P-bearing steelmaking slag generated from steel plant is considered a potential phosphorus source. In this study, a novel process of selective leaching-precipitation-alkaline wash was proposed to recover high-quality phosphate from steelmaking slag. During leaching, most of the P was dissolved from slag and Fe was almost insoluble. Increasing temperature and solid-liquid ratio significantly suppressed the dissolution of Si due to the formation of silica sols. An excellent selective leaching of P was achieved at pH 3 and 333 K. The dissolution ratio of P reached 83.5% while only 22.6% of Si was dissolved. The residue containing 49.5% Fe2O3 and 0.9% P2O5 can be reused as a steelmaking feedstock, achieving the recycling in plant. In the dilute leachate, the precipitation of Si and Ca was significantly suppressed as the pH increased and a precipitate with higher P2O5 content and lower SiO2 content was extracted. A large amount of SiO2 was removed from the precipitate by alkaline wash. A precipitate containing 30.1% P2O5 and 45.5% CaO was recovered in this process. This study provided a cost-effective approach to recovering high-quality phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ming Du
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xu Gao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Shigeru Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research on Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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De Maman R, da Luz VC, Behling L, Dervanoski A, Dalla Rosa C, Pasquali GDL. Electrocoagulation applied for textile wastewater oxidation using iron slag as electrodes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:31713-31722. [PMID: 35018597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The indigo blue dye is widely used in the textile industry, specifically in jeans dyeing, the effluents of which, rich in organic pollutants with recalcitrant characteristics, end up causing several environmental impacts, requiring efficient treatments. Several pieces of research have been conducted in search of effective treatment methods, among which is electrocoagulation. This treatment consists of an electrochemical process that generates its own coagulant by applying an electric current on metallic electrodes, bypassing the use of other chemical products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of iron slag in the electrocoagulation of a synthetic effluent containing commercial indigo blue dye and the effluent from a textile factory. The quantified parameters were color, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, sludge generation, phenol removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). The electrocoagulation treatment presented a good efficiency in removing the analyzed parameters, obtaining average removal in the synthetic effluent of 85% of color and 100% of phenol after 25 min of electrolysis. For the effluent from the textile factory, average reductions of 80% of color reaching 177.54 mg Pt CoL-1, 91% of turbidity reaching 93.83 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit), 100% of phenol, 55% of COD with a final concentration of 298.8 mg O2 L-1, and 73% of TOC with a final concentration of 56.21 mg L-1, in 60 min of electrolysis. The reduced time for removal of color and phenolic compounds in synthetic effluent demonstrates the complexity of treating the real effluent since to obtain removals of the same order a 60-min period of electrolysis was necessary. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of using iron slag as an electrode in the electrocoagulation process in order to reuse industrial waste and reduce costs in the treatment and disposal of solid waste. Thus, the slag can be seen as an alternative material to be used in electrocoagulation processes for the treatment of effluents from the textile industry under the experimental conditions presented, its only limitation being the fact that it is a waste and therefore does not have a standardization in the amounts of iron present in the alternative electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela De Maman
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135, Km 72, No. 200, ZIP: 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Vilson Conrado da Luz
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department - Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135, Km 72, No. 200, ZIP: 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Behling
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135, Km 72, No. 200, ZIP: 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Dervanoski
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department - Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135, Km 72, No. 200, ZIP: 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Dalla Rosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135, Km 72, No. 200, ZIP: 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Gean Delise Leal Pasquali
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135, Km 72, No. 200, ZIP: 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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236
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Daud NM, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Ismail N'I, Dhokhikah Y. Integrated physical-biological treatment system for batik industry wastewater: A review on process selection. Sci Total Environ 2022; 819:152931. [PMID: 34999070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Batik is well known as one of the unique identifiers of the Southeast Asian region. Several countries that still preserve the batik heritage are Malaysia, Indonesia, China and India. The Batik industry holds a significant place in Malaysia's craft-based industry. In Malaysia, batik motifs and patterns are mostly hand-drawn and painted directly on fabric, therefore, each one is unique. The players in the Batik industry are mostly small businesses and cottage industries, particularly in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Sabah and Sarawak. However, their market growth and contribution are not synchronized with the treatment system. The wastewater generated by this industry rarely meets standard effluent requirements and regulations, thus worrying the authorities. Batik wastewater is categorized as one of the highly polluted wastewaters. The toxicity of pollutants from batik may reduce environmental quality and pose a risk to human health. Batik wastewater needs extensive treatment, since no complete and appropriate treatment has been applied for so many years in specific batik industries. This paper reviews the batik industry in Malaysia, its wastewater generation and the available current treatment practices. It discusses integrated treatments of coagulation-flocculation and phytoremediation technology as a batik wastewater treatment process with potential utility in the batik industry. This review may become part of the guidance for the entire batik industry, especially in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurull Muna Daud
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur 'Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeny Dhokhikah
- Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37, Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
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237
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Bagastyo AY, Anggrainy AD, Gatneh S, Nurhayati E, Susanti D, Widodo E, Soehartanto T, Warmadewanthi I. Study on optimization of coagulation-flocculation of fish market wastewater using bittern coagulant - response surface methodological approach. Water Sci Technol 2022; 85:3072-3087. [PMID: 35638806 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bittern contains a high ionic strength that can be used as an alternative coagulant in wastewater treatment. The magnesium content in the bittern could promote the removal of suspended particles and nutrients as settleable precipitates. This would create a more compact and manageable sludge. This study investigates the performance of bittern as a coagulant for fish market wastewater treatment. The effectiveness of bittern was evaluated based on the efficiency of pollutants removal and the amount of residual magnesium. The experiments were performed using a standard jar test. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a two-factor central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiment. The parameters involved were pH (7.5, 9, and 10.5) and coagulant dose (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 mL L-1). The maximum removal efficiencies (i.e., 93.3% TSS, 87.5% COD, 37.6% ammonium, and 91.3% phosphate) were recorded at pH 10.5 and 1.5 mL L-1 dose of bittern, while the optimum results (desirability value of 0.929) may occur at pH 10.5 and a dose of 1.284 mL L-1. Approximately 51% of struvite and 48% of calcite precipitates were identified in the generated sludge, which can possibly be used as supplementary material in agrochemical industry with further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseto Yekti Bagastyo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail: ; Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Anita Dwi Anggrainy
- Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Syaima Gatneh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail:
| | - Ervin Nurhayati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail:
| | - Diah Susanti
- Department of Material and Metallurgical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Widodo
- Department of System and Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Totok Soehartanto
- Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Idaa Warmadewanthi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail: ; Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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238
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Kumar R, Singh A, Maurya A, Yadav P, Yadav A, Chowdhary P, Raj A. Effective bioremediation of pulp and paper mill wastewater using Bacillus cereus as a possible kraft lignin-degrading bacterium. Bioresour Technol 2022; 352:127076. [PMID: 35351569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effective degradation of KL from paper mill effluent is an important for environmental safety. This research is primarily concerned with the identification of KL-degrading Bacillus cereus from activated sludge and their possible use for the degradation of Kraft lignin (KL). This strain was involved in the production of lignin peroxidase-LiP (3.20 U/mL), manganese peroxidase-MnP (20.36 U/mL), and laccase (21.35 U/mL) enzymes, which were responsible for high KL degradation (89%) and decolorization (40%) at 1000 mg/L KL in 3 days. The SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, FTIR, and GC-MS analysis were used to analyze the bacterial cell and KL interactions to trace the KL degradation process. The significant reduction of pollutants (KL-72.5%, color-62.0%, COD-45.05%) and reduction in toxicity (80%) of bacterial-treated effluent indicated that B. cereus has the potential to be used in the degradation of pollutants from paper mill effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Annapurna Maurya
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Yadav
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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239
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Rattanaya T, Kongjan P, Cheewasedtham C, Bunyakan C, Yuso P, Cheirsilp B, Jariyaboon R. Application of palm oil mill waste to enhance biogas upgrading and hornwort cultivation. J Environ Manage 2022; 309:114678. [PMID: 35151133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential of oil palm ash (OPA) to enhance H2S and CO2 removal from biogas by scrubbing with maturation pond effluent (MPE), and further the treatment of biogas scrubber effluent (BSE) by Ceratophyllum demersum L. (hornwort) cultivation were investigated in this study. The results show that OPA + MPE solution with pH 9.3 and alkalinity 7525 mg CaCO3/L was obtained with 0.7 kg/L OPA loading. A pilot scale scrubber was used to study the effects of absorbent flow rates of 60-210 L/h on upgrading to 300 L/h field biogas stream. At 210 L/h, the CO2 removal efficiencies were 33% and 53% for MPE and OPA + MPE, respectively. To approach 100% H2S removal efficiency, the minimum flow rates were 120 L/h for MPE and 90 L/h for OPA + MPE. 50-150 g wet weight of hornwort in 30 L diluted POME were loaded to investigate appropriate initial hornwort loading level for hornwort cultivation. The highest specific growth rate of 0.045 day-1 with biomass production of 3.8 g/day were obtained with a 50 g initial loading. Among the wastewaters (MPE, OPA + MPE, and BSE) treatment using hornwort cultivation, the highest 0.035 day-1 specific growth rate and 2.6 g/day biomass production of hornwort were obtained in diluted BSE cultivation, and in 3 weeks of cultivation. COD, nitrate, phosphate, and alkalinity decreased by 76%, 76%, 55%, and 5%, respectively. The Eco-Efficiency concept for palm oil mill waste utilization proposed in this study has a high potential for enhanced biogas upgrading by using OPA + MPE, and hornwort is a good candidate for BSE post-treatment integrated with biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiwa Rattanaya
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand; Bio-Mass Conversions to Energy and Chemicals Research Unit (BioMEC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Prawit Kongjan
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand; Bio-Mass Conversions to Energy and Chemicals Research Unit (BioMEC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Chonlatee Cheewasedtham
- Department of Agriculture and Fishery Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Charun Bunyakan
- School of Engineering and Resource, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Paowarit Yuso
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand; Bio-Mass Conversions to Energy and Chemicals Research Unit (BioMEC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Rattana Jariyaboon
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand; Bio-Mass Conversions to Energy and Chemicals Research Unit (BioMEC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand.
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240
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Araujo SF, Caldeira CL, Ciminelli VST, Borba RP, Rodrigues JP, Simões GF. Basic oxygen furnace sludge to treat industrial arsenic- and sulfate-rich acid mine drainage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:37777-37789. [PMID: 35067870 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four systems (S1, S2, S3, and S4) were evaluated to determine whether basic oxygen furnace sludge (BOFS), mainly composed of Fe (84%, mostly as elemental Fe and FeO), Ca (3%, as CaCO3), and Si (1%), is capable of removing As-spiked, Mn, Mg, and sulfate from an industrial acid mine drainage (AMDi) collected in a gold mine in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the S1 system (BOFS/deionized water pH 2.5), the stability of the residue was evaluated for 408 h under agitation. The results showed that only Ca and Mg were solubilized, and the pH increased from 2.5 up to 11.4 within the initial 24 h and kept still until the end of the experiment (408 h). The S2 system (BOFS/AMDi) achieved 100% removal of As and Mn, and 70% removal of sulfate after 648 h. In the first 30 min, the pH increased from 2.5 to 10, which was maintained until the end of the experiment. The removal of As, Mn, and sulfate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (S3 and S4 systems - BOFS/AMDi/H2O2) was similar to that in the S2 system, which contained only BOFS. The formation of iron oxides was not accelerated by H2O2. As regards the removal of arsenic and sulfate species, the formation of incipient calcium arsenate and calcium sulfate dehydrated was indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis and PHREEQC modeling. Dissolved manganese and magnesium precipitated as oxides, according to the geochemical modeling. After contact with AMDi, the raw BOFS, initially classified as hazardous waste, became a non-inert waste, which implies simplified, less costly disposal. Except for sulfate, the concentrations of all the other elements were below the maximum permitted levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine F Araujo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia L Caldeira
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia S T Ciminelli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology: INCT - Acqua, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Borba
- Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joanna P Rodrigues
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Simões
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Tripathi S, Yadav S, Purchase D, Singh K, Al-Shwaiman HA, Chandra R. Characterization of persistent organic pollutants and culturable and non-culturable bacterial communities in pulp and paper sludge after secondary treatment. Chemosphere 2022; 295:133892. [PMID: 35134397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of various organic contaminants, improper disposal of pulp-paper wastewater poses harm to the environment and human health. In this work, pulp-paper sludge (PPS) after secondary treatment were collected from M/s Century Pulp-paper Mills in India, the chemical nature of the organic pollutants was determined after solvent extraction. All the isolates were able to produce lipase (6.34-3.93 U ml-1) which could account for the different fatty acids detected in the PPS. The dominant strains were in the classes of α and γ Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes. The Shannon-Weiner diversity indexes for phylotype richness for the culturable and non-culturable bacterial community were 2.01 and 3.01, respectively, indicating the non-culturable bacterial strains has higher species richness and diversity compared to the culturable bacterial strains. However, the culturable strains had higher species evenness (0.94 vs 0.90). Results suggested only a few isolated strains were resistant to the POPs in the PPS, where as non-cultural bacteria survived by entering viable but non-cultural state. The isolated strains (Brevundimonas diminuta, Aeromonas punctata, Enterobacter hormaechei, Citrobacter braakii, Bacillus pumilus and Brevundimonas terrae) are known for their multidrug resistance but their tolerance to POPs have not previously been reported and deserved further investigation. The findings of this research established the presence of POPs which influence the microbial population. Tertiary treatment is recommended prior to the safe disposal of pulp paper mill waste into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Tripathi
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Kaman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025 (U.P.), India
| | - Hind A Al-Shwaiman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
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242
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Ramesh RR, Ponnuvel M, Ramalingam S, Rathinam A. Compact glyoxal tanning system: a chrome-free sustainable and green approach towards tanning-cum-upgradation of low-grade raw materials in leather processing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35382-35395. [PMID: 35060060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased concern over the use of metal salts such as chromium, zirconium, and aluminum for tanning of hides and skins has made the leather production industry to be constantly on the lookout for organic tanning agents in place of the inorganic system. Though glutaraldehyde has been looked at as a viable option, it still lags in imparting superior strength properties to the leather and also it has been reported to have inherent toxicity. With that concept in view, this research work focuses on the usage of glyoxal along with synthetic tanning agents as a replacement for glutaraldehyde and other inorganic tanning systems. The offer level and starting pH for the glyoxal tanning process was optimized as 6% (w/w) and 5.0, respectively, and the shrinkage temperature of the collagen was found to be around 80 °C. Additionally, the controlled shrunken grain effect of the aldehyde tanning system was explored by changing the pH of the process, which helped to improve the thickness of low-grade thinner raw materials by up to 40%. The mechanism for the shrunken grain effect has also been proposed in this work by studying the dimensional changes occurring in the leather matrix upon treating skin/hide with glyoxal at different pH levels. The mechanical and strength properties of the leather were found to be better than the glutaraldehyde tanning system. The BOD/COD ratio of wastewater generated from the glyoxal process was found to be greater than 0.3 making them easily treatable. Considering all these factors, compact glyoxal-based tanning along with synthetic tanning agents can be a game-changing technology for the leather processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renganath Rao Ramesh
- Leather Process Technology Department, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600020
| | - Muthukumaran Ponnuvel
- Leather Process Technology Department, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600020
| | - Sathya Ramalingam
- Leather Process Technology Department, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600020
| | - Aravindhan Rathinam
- Leather Process Technology Department, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600020.
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243
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Alberto López Ruiz L, Roca Ramon X, Melissa Lara Mercedes C, Gasso Domingo S. Multicriteria analysis of the environmental and economic performance of circularity strategies for concrete waste recycling in Spain. Waste Manag 2022; 144:387-400. [PMID: 35452947 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is identified by multiple circular economy (CE) policies as a key sector for implementing circularity strategies due to the high volume of waste produced and the large consumption of raw materials. However, CE is not widely applied in the sector because of the lack of solid estimations on its environmental and economic viability. The main aim of this study was to propose a set of methodological steps to identify the optimal circularity alternatives for CDW products based on a multicriteria analysis of their environmental and economic performance. This methodology is applied to evaluate concrete waste. In specific, high-grade applications of concrete waste were analyzed comprising the processing into recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) for their use in structural and non-structural concrete. Multiple scenarios with different RCA replacements (20%, 30% and 100%) and different types of sorting and recycling (on-site and off-site) were evaluated in accordance with the specific site conditions of the region of Catalonia, Spain. The Life Cycle Analysis methodology (LCA) was used to perform the environmental analysis, while a detailed cost analysis was conducted for the economic aspect. The multicriteria method VIKOR was used for the selection of alternatives considering three different criteria. The results of this study showed environmental and economic advantages of CE scenarios based on the use of RCA over conventional concrete, mainly due to the influence of landfilling and transport distances. RCA produced on-site showed a better performance than RCA from fixed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto López Ruiz
- Group of Construction Research and Innovation (GRIC), Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Colom, 11, Ed. TR5, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Roca Ramon
- Group of Construction Research and Innovation (GRIC), Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Colom, 11, Ed. TR5, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claribel Melissa Lara Mercedes
- Group of Construction Research and Innovation (GRIC), Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Colom, 11, Ed. TR5, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Gasso Domingo
- Group of Construction Research and Innovation (GRIC), Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Colom, 11, Ed. TR5, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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244
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Sarangi PK, Anand Singh T, Joykumar Singh N, Prasad Shadangi K, Srivastava RK, Singh AK, Chandel AK, Pareek N, Vivekanand V. Sustainable utilization of pineapple wastes for production of bioenergy, biochemicals and value-added products: A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:127085. [PMID: 35358673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural residues play a pivotal role in meeting the growing energy and bulk chemicals demand and food security of society. There is global concern about the utilization of fossil-based fuels and chemicals which create serious environmental problems. Biobased sustainable fuels can afford energy and fuels for future generations. Agro-industrial waste materials can act as the alternative way for generating bioenergy and biochemicals strengthening low carbon economy. Processing of pineapple generates about 60% of the weight of the original pineapple fruit in the form of peel, core, crown end, and pomace that can be converted into bioenergy sources like bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, and biomethane along with animal feed and vermicompost as described in this paper. This paper also explains about bioconversion process towards the production of various value-added products such as phenolic anti-oxidants, bromelain enzyme, phenolic flavour compounds, organic acids, and animal feed towards bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795 004 Manipur, India
| | - Thangjam Anand Singh
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795 004 Manipur, India
| | - Ng Joykumar Singh
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795 004 Manipur, India
| | - Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur 768 018, Odisha, India
| | - Rajesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GIT, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam, 530 045 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh K Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845 401 Bihar, India
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305 817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Center for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302 017 Rajasthan, India.
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245
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Gursoy-Haksevenler BH, Atasoy-Aytis E, Dilaver M, Karaaslan Y. Treatability of hazardous substances in industrial wastewater: case studies for textile manufacturing and leather production sectors. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:383. [PMID: 35441990 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous substances used and produced by different industrial activities pose a potential risk to the environment and to human health. Different physicochemical and/or biological processes are used in industrial wastewater treatment; these methods, however, may not be effective in removing these substances. This study was carried out to comparatively evaluate the removal of hazardous substances through conventional wastewater treatment processes that are used by major industries in Turkey. A four-season monitoring study was carried out in textile manufacturing and leather production sectors, representing industrial activities in Turkey. Samples were analyzed for 45 priority substances defined by the European Union and 250 specific pollutants listed in the Turkish Regulation on Surface Water Quality. For both wastewaters, where biological treatment was performed after pretreatment, their characteristics showed that organics were almost completely removed. except for dichloromethane (44-51% removals) and dioxin and dioxin-like compounds (64-69% removals). Additionally, different removal ratios (16-97%) were obtained for metals; the poorer removal was observed for B, Ba, Ag, Sb, and Si. The remaining metals (Cu, Pb, Sb, V, Si for textile; Cr, Cu, Sb, Si for leather effluents) in the treated wastewaters were still higher than environmental quality standards (EQS) of receiving water bodies. The study revealed that existing treatment processes were not adequate for efficient hazardous substance removal and there is an urgent need to improve them. Finally, advanced treatment technologies were suggested for specific pollutants together with their unit treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hande Gursoy-Haksevenler
- Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science, Marmara University, 34820, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Atasoy-Aytis
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (MRC), Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dilaver
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (MRC), Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yakup Karaaslan
- General Directorate of Water Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Turkey
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246
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Tian G, Xia Q, Wu Z, Fu T. Ecological network analysis of industrial wastes metabolism based on input-output model for Jiangsu, China. Waste Manag 2022; 143:23-34. [PMID: 35219253 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enormous discharge of industrial waste seriously hinders the sustainable development of cities. However, most studies only involve a single or limited category of industrial pollutants, ignoring the environmental pressure caused by multiple resources and environmental factors. This paper combines input-output analysis and ecological network analysis to construct an industrial waste metabolic input-output (IWMIO) model, which explores the industrial waste discharge and discharge relationships among different sectors in Jiangsu Province from the three aspects of industrial wastewater, industrial waste gas, and industrial solid waste. The results show that the indirect discharge of industrial waste is greater than the direct discharge in the industrial waste metabolism system. TI (Tertiary industry), CI (Chemical industry), SPM (Smelting and pressing of metals), and PSEH (Production and supply of electricity and heat) dominate the industrial waste metabolism system. In addition, MWC (Mining and washing of coal), MNMP (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products), SPM (Smelting and pressing of metals) have more mutualism and competition relationships with other sectors, so the control of industrial waste discharge in these sectors contributes to achieving emission reduction targets. Based on the research results, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations such as considering both direct and indirect emissions of sectors when formulating waste reduction policies and developing pertinent industrial waste reduction programs based on the characteristics of the identified sectors. The results of this paper are helpful to identify the dependence and influence relationships of various sectors in the industrial waste metabolism system, promote industrial waste discharge control, and provide theoretical support for the adjustment of industrial structure and the formulation of related policies in Jiangsu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiliang Tian
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 211100, China; Jiangsu Research Base of Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 211100, China; Jiangsu Research Base of Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Zheng Wu
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 211100, China; Jiangsu Research Base of Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Tianbo Fu
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
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247
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Arauzo PJ, Maziarka PA, Schoder KA, Pfersich J, Ronsse F, Kruse A. Influence of sequential HTC pre-treatment and pyrolysis on wet food-industry wastes: Optimisation toward nitrogen-rich hierarchical carbonaceous materials intended for use in energy storage solutions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151648. [PMID: 34780831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to elevated protein content, the food-industry bio-wastes are promising feedstock to produce hierarchical (micro-mesoporous) carbonaceous materials with the intended use as electrodes in the energy storage solutions. However, the high initial water content, makes their direct activation through high-temperature processes costineffective due to significant heat requirements. In this study, the influence of pretreatment with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) on wet food-industry bio-wastes, further pyrolysed, was investigated. Selected wastes (brewer's spent grains, spent coffee grains and spent sugar beets) were pre-treated by HTC at 180 °C or 240 °C, and then pyrolysed at 500 °C or 700 °C. Obtained materials were examined using elemental analysis, gas adsorption (N2 and CO2) and FT-IR. Besides minor differences caused by the bio-composition of wastes, the general trends were similar for feedstock. The pre-treatment had a beneficial influence on the properties of all wastes. The HTC at 180 °C and pyrolysis at 700 °C for all wastes show the most promising total specific surface area 560 ± 10 m2/g and accessible specific surface area 96 m2/g. Those conditions simultaneously did not reduce the total solid yield in comparison to the one-step process. The pre-treatment at 240 °C led to elevated nitrogen incorporation in the carbonaceous structure compared to HTC at 180 °C. However, it formed a hierarchical structure that was not stable for the thermal treatment. Study proves the HTC pre-treatment at 180 °C is beneficial for the conversion of food-industry bio-wastes into hierarchical carbonaceous material for their use in the energy storage systems application.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Arauzo
- Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - P A Maziarka
- Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K A Schoder
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Pfersich
- Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Ronsse
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Kruse
- Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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248
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Yang M, Lu C, Quan X, Chang H, Cao D, Wu Q. Steel slag as a potential adsorbent for efficient removal of Fe(II) from simulated acid mine drainage: adsorption performance and mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:25639-25650. [PMID: 34845637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage is an extraordinarily acidic and highly heavy metal ion-contaminated leachate, seriously threatening the environment. In this work, an industrial solid waste of steel slag is the adsorbent to remediate the simulated acid mine drainage containing a large amount of Fe(II) ions. Due to the excellent physicochemical properties and structures, steel slag exhibited remarkable Fe(II) removal performance. Its maximum removal efficiency was up to 100%. The initial pH, the dosage and particle size of steel slag, and initial concentration of heavy metal ions on Fe(II) removal efficiency were determined. The pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm model well described the adsorption behavior of steel slag, implying that the adsorption of Fe(II) by steel slag was mainly multilayer chemisorption. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous; the enthalpy change was calculated to equal 91.21 kJ/mol. Mechanism study showed that the entire removal process of Fe(II) by steel slag was completed by electrostatic adsorption, chemical precipitation, and surface complexation in cooperation, and the chemical precipitation was the dominant mechanism. Meaningfully, this study provides a valuable strategy and path for engineering applications of AMD remediation by steel slag, which is prospective as an ideal candidate for Fe(II) ions elimination, inspiring the future development of "Treating the wastes with wastes."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunfang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixing Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanning Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Wu
- State Power Investment Corporation Yuanda Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
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249
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Perveen S, Noreen S, Shahid S, Mehboob H, Aslam S, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M. Carrier-Free Cross-linked Laccase Crystals for Biocatalytic Degradation of Textile Industrial Effluents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1775-1789. [PMID: 35000123 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, laccase from Trametes versicolor was used to fabricate carrier-free cross-linked laccase crystals (CLLCs) and deployed as a robust catalyst for waste effluent treatment. The surface morphology and involvement of functional group attributes of CLLCs were scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As fabricated CLLCs were subjected to kinetic characterization by assessing the effects of pH environment, thermal profile, and substrate (determination of Km and Vmax) on the activity. A fully characterized CLLCs fraction was used to treat synthetic dyes containing waste effluents taken from various industries, i.e., Chenab Textile Industry, M-tax, Sitara, and National Silk & Rayon Mills. Degradation profile revealed 36.8%, 27.6%, 39.9%, and 26.4% degradation of Chenab Textile Industry, M-tax, Sitara, and National Silk & Rayon Mills, respectively, by the free form of laccase, whereas the biocatalytic activity of CCLCs led to 78.6%, 75.6%, 85.5%, and 63.3% degradation of those effluents. The decrease in peak and mass region alongside the presence of new peaks in GC-MS affirms the effective decolorization of contaminated waste effluents. CLLCs retained over 70% and 50% of their degradation activity after 3 and 5 cycles, respectively. In conclusion, CLLCs might represent a robust bioprocess to improve the usability of laccase for various synthetic dyes containing waste effluents to diminish environmental pollution from the dye-based industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Perveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Salma Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Huma Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Aslam
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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250
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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Mamaghani ASA, Ghasemitabesh R, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Simultaneous hydrolysis of various protein-rich industrial wastes by a naturally evolved protease from tannery wastewater microbiota. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152796. [PMID: 34986419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of protein-rich waste materials is one of the vital environmental protection requirements. Using of non-naturally occurring chemicals for their remediation properties can potentially induce new pollutants. Therefore, enzymes encoded in the genomes of microorganisms evolved in the same environment can be considered suitable alternatives to chemicals. Identification of efficient proteases that can hydrolyze recalcitrant, protein-rich wastes produced by various industrial processes has been widely welcomed as an eco-friendly waste management strategy. In this direction, we attempted to screen a thermo-halo-alkali-stable metagenome-derived protease (PersiProtease1) from tannery wastewater. The PersiProtease1 exhibited high pH stability over a wide range and at 1 h in pH 11.0 maintained 87.59% activity. The enzyme possessed high thermal stability while retaining 76.64% activity after 1 h at 90 °C. Moreover, 65.34% of the initial activity of the enzyme remained in the presence of 6 M NaCl, showing tolerance against high salinity. The presence of various metal ions, inhibitors, and organic solvents did not remarkably inhibit the activity of the discovered protease. The PersiProtease1 was extracted from the tannery wastewater microbiota and efficiently applied for biodegradation of real sample tannery wastewater protein, chicken feathers, whey protein, dehairing sheepskins, and waste X-ray films. PersiProtease1 proved its enormous potential in simultaneous biodegradation of solid and liquid protein-rich industrial wastes based on the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Rezvaneh Ghasemitabesh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia.
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