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Kim C, Harrall KK, Glueck DH, Shumer D, Dabelea D. Childhood adiposity and adolescent sex steroids in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:525-533. [PMID: 31278867 PMCID: PMC6744341 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear how childhood adipose tissue deposition influences sex hormone profiles in later adolescence. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Children (n = 418) with a mean age of 10.5 (1.5) years at visit 1 and 16.7 (1.2) at visit 2 in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children (EPOCH) Study. MEASUREMENTS We used reverse-scale Cox proportional hazard models to assess associations between pubertal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (T), and oestradiol (E2) and childhood-to-puberty rate of change in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Models stratified by sex and adjusted for childhood adiposity, maternal factors, birthweight and pubertal onset, and then further adjusted for insulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), leptin and hepatic fat fraction. RESULTS Among boys, more rapid accumulation of either VAT or SAT was associated with lower testosterone at visit 2 (HR 0.86, and .96, respectively, both P < .0001), independently of race/ethnicity, LH, leptin and hepatic fat fraction. Among boys, more childhood VAT was associated with lower testosterone in adolescence (HR 0.98, P = .003), but this association did not persist after adjustment for leptin or insulin. No associations were observed between either fat measure and oestradiol or DHEA in boys. In girls, no associations between childhood fat or fat accumulation and sex hormones were observed. CONCLUSIONS More rapid accumulation of fat is associated with lower testosterone in boys. These associations suggest that fat growth influences androgen profiles in adolescent boys. Since fat accumulation is a modifiable risk factor, the study results provide a possible intervention target and time period for improving adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kylie K Harrall
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel Shumer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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202
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Fukunaga K, Yamashina F, Ohta N, Mizuno H, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi C, Takemura A. Involvement of melatonin in transducing moon-related signals into the reproductive network of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113211. [PMID: 31238075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most groupers (genus Epinephelus) inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters exhibit lunar-related reproductive cycles. Their gametes develop synchronously toward and are released around the species-selected moon phase. Periodical changes in cues from the moon are likely used as zeitgeber, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis may be activated after cues are perceived by the sensory organ and transduced as internal signals. The objective of this study was to examine weekly changes in mRNA expression profiles of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh1 and gnrh2) and the β-subunit of gonadotropins (fshβ and lhβ) during the spawning season (May to June) of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra, which spawns around the full moon period. When mature females were collected based on the lunar cycle, the gonadosomatic index peaked around the full moon. Ovarian histology revealed that oocytes laden with yolk developed toward the full moon and, subsequently, ovulatory follicles appeared around the last quarter moon, confirming lunar-related spawning with a full moon preference. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed high abundances of fshβ and lhβ toward the first quarter moon, whereas concentrations of gnrh1 and gnrh2 increased around the last quarter moon and the first quarter moon, respectively, suggesting that transcription levels of these hormones fluctuate with the lunar cycle. The measurement of melatonin in the eye around the new moon and the full moon revealed that the ocular melatonin content was higher around the new moon than around the full moon, suggesting that the honeycomb grouper can perceive changes in moonlight. In addition, implantation of an osmotic pump containing melatonin into the body cavity of E. merra reduced the transcription levels of gonadotropins, suggesting that melatonin negatively affects hormonal synthesis at the HPG axis. We concluded that melatonin plays an essential role in transducing periodical changes in moonlight and that decreases in melatonin levels from the new moon to the full moon activate the HPG axis for entrainment of gonadal development and spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Fumika Yamashina
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohta
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Mizuno
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamauchi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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203
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Campbell MLH, Peachey L, Callan L, Wathes DC, de Mestre AM. Cyclical cervical function in the mare involves remodelling of collagen content, which is correlated with modification of oestrogen receptor 1 abundance. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 210:106192. [PMID: 31635778 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate mare cervical dilation mechanisms by testing two hypotheses: (i) the proportion of collagen staining in histological samples of mare cervices and (ii) the abundance of hormone receptors in the equine cervix differ with stage of the oestrous cycle and site within the cervix. Tissues and jugular vein blood samples were collected from 15 mares. Collagen content was assessed using Masson's Trichome staining. Receptor abundance was assessed using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In sub-epithelial stroma, there was less collagen during the follicular than luteal phase, in the caudal- (P = 0.029), mid- (P = 0.0000) and cranial (P = 0.001) cervical tissue. In the deep stroma, there was less collagen staining during the follicular stage in the mid- (P = 0.004) and cranial- (P = 0.041) cervical regions. There were PTGER2, PTGER3, PGR and ESR1 mRNA transcripts in the cervix. A greater proportion of cells were positive for ESR1 protein during the follicular phase in sub-epithelial (P = 0.019) and deep (P = 0.013) stroma. The abundance of ESR1 in the epithelium was negatively correlated with collagen staining in sub-epithelial (P = 0.007) and deep (P = 0.005) stroma. The results of the study provide new information about the cervical biology of mares by increasing the knowledge about collagen content and the relationship between collagen content and ESR1 protein abundance during the oestrous cycle which indicates the ESR1 receptor is a candidate for involvement in control of cervical dilation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cervix Uteri/physiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Collagen/physiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Estrous Cycle/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Horses
- Labor Stage, First/physiology
- Luteinizing Hormone/genetics
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone/metabolism
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M L H Campbell
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, UK.
| | - L Peachey
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - L Callan
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D C Wathes
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, UK
| | - A M de Mestre
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UK
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204
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Misztal T, Hasiec M, Szlis M, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D, Marciniak E. Stimulatory effect of dopamine derivative, salsolinol, on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in seasonally anestrous sheep: Focus on dopamine, kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106102. [PMID: 31405485 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, there was testing of the hypothesis that a centrally administered dopamine (DA) derivative, salsolinol, could affect pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in seasonally anestrous sheep by affecting the neuronal components of the estradiol (E2) negative feedback. In two experiments performed during early spring (increasing day length - March/April), salsolinol or Ringer-Locke solution (control) were administered into the third brain ventricle (IIIv): 1) in several injections for three consecutive days; and 2) in several hour-long infusions. In addition to determining the LH concentration (in both experiments), the abundances of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin mRNA were examined in the hypothalamus and LHβ subunit mRNA in the pituitary (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, concentrations of DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were determined in perfusates collected from the infundibular nucleus/median eminence (IN/ME) by the push-pull method. In both experiments, salsolinol increased both LH pulse frequency (P < 0.05) and plasma LH concentration (P < 0.001) compared to controls. The injected salsolinol also increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of GnRH mRNA in the mediobasal hypothalamus and kisspeptin mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. The two doses of infused salsolinol decreased DA to undetectable concentrations and DOPAC concentration by 60% in perfusates collected from the IN/ME. In conclusion, exogenous salsolinol functioning centrally stimulates pulsatile LH secretion in sheep during seasonal anestrus. It is suggested that salsolinol may have this effect by reducing the activity of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine dopaminergic system, which results in an increase in both kisspeptin and GnRH neurons activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Hasiec
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Michał Szlis
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
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205
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Terasaka T, Kim T, Dave H, Gangapurkar B, Nicholas DA, Muñoz O, Terasaka E, Li D, Lawson MA. The RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL1 Regulates GnRH Receptor Expression and the Response to GnRH. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1999-2014. [PMID: 31188427 PMCID: PMC6660905 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin secretion, which is elicited by GnRH stimulation of the anterior pituitary gonadotropes, is a critical feature of reproductive control and the maintenance of fertility. In addition, activation of the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) regulates transcription and translation of multiple factors that regulate the signaling response and synthesis of gonadotropins. GnRH stimulation results in a broad redistribution of mRNA between active and inactive polyribosomes within the cell, but the mechanism of redistribution is not known. The RNA-binding protein embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like 1 (ELAVL1) binds to AU-rich elements in mRNA and is one of the most abundant mRNA-binding proteins in eukaryotic cells. It is known to serve as a core component of RNA-binding complexes that direct the fate of mRNA. In LβT2 gonadotropes, we showed that ELAVL1 binds to multiple mRNAs encoding factors that are crucial for gonadotropin synthesis and release. Association with some mRNAs is GnRH sensitive but does not correlate with abundance of binding. We also showed MAPK-dependent changes in intracellular localization of ELAVL1 in response to GnRH stimulation. Knockdown of ELAVL1 gene expression resulted in reduced Lhb and Gnrhr mRNA levels, reduced cell surface expression of GnRHR, and reduced LH secretion in response to GnRH stimulation. Overall, these observations not only support the role of ELAVL1 in GnRHR-mediated regulation of gene expression and LH secretion but also indicate that other factors may contribute to the precise fate of mRNA in response to GnRH stimulation of gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Terasaka
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Taeshin Kim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hiral Dave
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bhakti Gangapurkar
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dequina A Nicholas
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Oscar Muñoz
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eri Terasaka
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Danmei Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark A Lawson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Mark A. Lawson, PhD, University of California, San Diego, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Mail Code 0674, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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206
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Lee J, Lee HC, Kim SY, Cho GJ, Woodruff TK. Poorly-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Impairs LH-LHCGR Signaling in the Ovaries and Decreases Female Fertility in Mice. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:667-678. [PMID: 31250581 PMCID: PMC6597468 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.7.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate how type I diabetes mellitus (T1D) affects the folliculogenesis and oocyte development, fertilization, and embryo development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative animal study was conducted using two different mouse models of T1D, a genetic AKITA model and a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Ovarian function was assessed by gross observation, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, oocyte counting, and ELISA for serum hormones (insulin, anti-Mullerian hormone, estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone). Maturation and developmental competence of metaphase II oocytes from control and T1D animals was evaluated by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical detection of biomarkers and in vitro fertilization. RESULTS Animals from both T1D models showed increased blood glucose levels, while only streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice showed reduced body weight. Folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and preimplantation embryogenesis were impaired in both T1D mouse models. Interestingly, exogenous streptozotocin injection to induce T1D led to marked decreases in ovary size, expression of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor in the ovaries, the number of corpora lutea per ovary, oocyte maturation, and serum progesterone levels. Both T1D models exhibited significantly reduced pre-implantation embryo quality compared with controls. There was no significant difference in embryo quality between STZ-injected and AKITA diabetic mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that T1D affects folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and embryo development in mice. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the observed reproductive effects of diabetes need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hoi Chang Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - So Youn Kim
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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207
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Abstract
To date, according to the Scopus database, the biological effects of ginger (binominal name: Zingiber officinale), or ginger extracts, and its derived compounds on semen quality and sperm parameters have been revealed in more than 35 original articles. Though, still, there are no collective systematic or narrative discussion and conclusion of this specific research streak. Here, we systematically review and summarise the current link between ginger and its bioactive compounds with semen quality. To achieve this, we searched the central databases (Scopus and PubMed) for original studies, published in English language from August 2004 through February 2019 using the keywords "ginger" versus "sperm" and "semen." In summary, there is solid evidence that ginger enhances semen quality and improves the main sperm parameters such as concentration, viability, motility and morphology. Such beneficial effects of ginger on semen quality are attributable, at least in part, to increased levels of gonadal hormones, in particular, testosterone and luteinising hormone, decreased oxidative damage to cells, increased production of nitric oxide, hypoglycaemic response of ginger and the presence of valued nutrients in ginger such as manganese. Still, the positive effects of ginger on semen quality require additional approval in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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208
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Neeman B, Bello R, Lazar L, Phillip M, de Vries L. Central Precocious Puberty as a Presenting Sign of Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Clinical Characteristics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2695-2700. [PMID: 30779848 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Central precocious puberty (CPP) may be the first presentation of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) in girls. Data on the prevalence and the clinical phenotype of CPP associated with NCCAH are sparse. OBJECTIVES To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics that could differentiate idiopathic CPP from CPP associated with NCCAH and to determine the prevalence of NCCAH among girls with CPP. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary pediatric endocrinology institute. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS From 2008 to 2017, 147 girls who had undergone stimulation tests with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and ACTH were diagnosed with CPP; of these, seven (4.8%) were eventually diagnosed with NCCAH. These seven patients together with 30 girls who presented with CPP during 1984 to 2008 and were later diagnosed with NCCAH comprised the NCCAH group. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between the NCCAH group and the 140 girls with idiopathic CPP (ICPP group). RESULTS No between-group differences were found in height, weight, body mass index, bone age, and Tanner stage. Mean basal levels of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were significantly higher in the NCCAH group, although ranges overlapped between the groups, and stimulated cortisol level was higher in the ICPP group. CONCLUSION NCCAH was found in 4.8% of girls presenting with true CPP over 10 years, and no single parameter could differentiate between the diagnoses. Thus, in girls with true CPP from populations in which NCCAH is prevalent, assessment of adrenal androgens is required, and ACTH test should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Neeman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Bello
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Lazar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liat de Vries
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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209
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Lu CL, Yan ZQ, Song XL, Xu YY, Zheng XY, Li R, Liu P, Feng HL, Qiao J. Effect of exogenous gonadotropin on the transcriptome of human granulosa cells and follicular fluid hormone profiles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:49. [PMID: 31234873 PMCID: PMC6591892 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superovulation treatment had some adverse effects on maturity and development of oocytes. Can superovulation dose of gonadotropins (Gns) affect the transcriptome of granulosa cells and follicular fluid (FF) hormone levels? METHODS One leading pre-ovulatory follicle per subject was used from three natural-cycle and four Gn-stimulated patients. Granulosa cells and FF samples were collected from the same leading follicle of each patient. RNA was extracted from granulosa cells and subjected to deep sequencing and analysis. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), androstenedione (AND), testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (P4) levels in FF were measured by immunoassays. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 715 genes were up-regulated, and 287 genes were down-regulated, in the Gn-stimulated group relative to the control group. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the down-regulated genes were enriched in cell cycle and meiosis pathways, primarily those associated with follicle or oocyte maturation and quality. On the other hand, the up-regulated genes were enriched in functions related to immunity and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Compared to the follicles of natural cycle, the E2 and LH concentrations were significantly reduced (P < 0.001), the P4 concentration was significantly increased (P = 0.003), and the concentrations of FSH, T and AND had no difference in the follicles of Gn-stimulated cycle. CONCLUSIONS Cell cycle- and meiosis-associated genes were down-regulated by Gns stimulation, whereas immune- and cytokine-associated genes were up-regulated. Hormone levels were also affected by Gns stimulation. Compared with natural-cycle follicles,putative markers associated with oocyte quality and follicle maturation were significantly different from those in Gn-stimulated follicles. Hormone levels in follicles were compatible with the steroidogenic patterns of granulosa cell, which reflects the follicle maturation and oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xue-Ling Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang-Ying Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huai-Liang Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Hospital Queens-affiliated Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, 10041NY212, USA.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, 100871, China.
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210
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Matvere A, Teino I, Varik I, Kuuse S, Tiido T, Kristjuhan A, Maimets T. FSH/LH-Dependent Upregulation of Ahr in Murine Granulosa Cells Is Controlled by PKA Signaling and Involves Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123068. [PMID: 31234584 PMCID: PMC6627912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor primarily known for its toxicological functions. Recent studies have established its importance in many physiological processes including female reproduction, although there is limited data about the precise mechanisms how Ahr itself is regulated during ovarian follicle maturation. This study describes the expression of Ahr in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of immature mice in a gonadotropin-dependent manner. We show that Ahr upregulation in vivo requires both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activities. FSH alone increased Ahr mRNA, but had no effect on Ahr protein level, implicating a possible LH-dependent post-transcriptional regulation. Also, the increase in Ahr protein is specific to large antral follicles in induced follicle maturation. We show that Ahr expression in GCs of mid-phase follicular maturation is downregulated by protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and activation of Ahr promoter is regulated by chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Matvere
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Indrek Teino
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Inge Varik
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sulev Kuuse
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tarmo Tiido
- Clinical Research Centre, National Centre of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Arnold Kristjuhan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
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211
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Abstract
The transition from granulosa cell (GC) to luteal cell involves a change from estrogen production to predominantly progesterone production. We analyzed the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), a transcriptional repressor used to generate pluripotent cells, in that transition. After luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin treatment of preovulatory follicles, a major but transient increase in Klf4 transcript levels was detected. Therefore, we enquired whether Klf4 is involved in the rapid decline of aromatase, the key estrogen-producing enzyme, using preovulatory GCs obtained from pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-primed immature rat ovaries. Cyp19A1 expression in GCs transfected with FLAG-Klf4 or Klf4-specific siRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Cyp19A1 decreased when Klf4 was overexpressed, and Cyp19A1 and estradiol biosynthesis increased when Klf4 was knocked down. The mechanism by which Klf4 regulates Cyp19A1 expression was investigated using Cyp19A1 promoter-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The results revealed that the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1)-binding motif, but not the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding element or the CACCC motif, was required for Klf4-mediated repression of Cyp19A1 promoter activity. Here we showed that Klf4 suppressed endogenous Cyp19A1 transcript and protein production, and this resulted from direct binding of Klf4 to the SF1 recognition motif in the Cyp19A1 promoter. These findings suggest that Klf4 is a physiologic regulator of Cyp19A1 expression in response to the LH surge in preovulatory GCs and that it has an essential role in the luteal transition in steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonhae Choi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jaesook Roh
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
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212
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McQuillan HJ, Han SY, Cheong I, Herbison AE. GnRH Pulse Generator Activity Across the Estrous Cycle of Female Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1480-1491. [PMID: 31083714 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A subpopulation of kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) operate as the GnRH pulse generator. The activity of this population of neurons can be monitored in real-time for long periods using kisspeptin neuron-selective GCaMP6 fiber photometry. Using this approach, we find that ARN kisspeptin neurons exhibit brief (∼50 seconds) periods of synchronized activity that precede pulses of LH in intact female mice. The dynamics and frequency of these synchronization episodes (SEs) are stable at approximately one event every 40 minutes throughout metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus, but slow considerably on estrus to occur approximately once every 10 hours. Evaluation of ARN kisspeptin neuron activity across the light-dark transition, including the time of onset of the proestrus LH surge, revealed no changes in SE frequency. Longer 24-hour recordings across proestrus into estrus demonstrated that an abrupt decrease in SEs occurred ∼4 to 5 hours after the onset of the LH surge to reach the low frequency of SEs observed on estrus. The frequency of SEs was stable across the 24-hour period from metestrus to diestrus. Administration of progesterone to diestrus mice resulted in the abrupt slowing of SEs. These observations show that the GnRH pulse generator exhibits an unvarying pattern of activity from metestrus through to the late evening of proestrus, at which time it slows dramatically, likely in response to postovulation progesterone secretion. The GnRH pulse generator maintains a constant frequency of activity across the time of the LH surge, demonstrating that it is not involved directly in surge generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H James McQuillan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Su Young Han
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isaiah Cheong
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
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213
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Mohr MA, Wong AM, Tomm RJ, Soma KK, Micevych PE. Pubertal development of estradiol-induced hypothalamic progesterone synthesis. Horm Behav 2019; 111:110-113. [PMID: 30552874 PMCID: PMC6527482 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In females, a hallmark of puberty is the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that triggers ovulation. Puberty initiates estrogen positive feedback onto hypothalamic circuits, which underlie the stimulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. In reproductively mature female rodents, both estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) signaling are necessary to stimulate the surge release of GnRH and LH. Estradiol membrane-initiated signaling facilitates progesterone (neuroP) synthesis in hypothalamic astrocytes, which act on E2-induced progesterone receptors (PGR) to stimulate kisspeptin release, thereby activating GnRH release. How the brain changes during puberty to allow estrogen positive feedback remains unknown. In the current study, we hypothesized that a critical step in estrogen positive feedback was the ability for estradiol-induced neuroP synthesis. To test this idea, hypothalamic neuroP levels were measured in groups of prepubertal, pubertal and young adult female Long Evans rats. Steroids were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Hypothalamic neuroP increases from pre-puberty to young adulthood in both gonad-intact females and ovariectomized rats treated with E2. The pubertal development of hypothalamic E2-facilitated progesterone synthesis appears to be one of the neural switches facilitating reproductive maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mohr
- UCLA DGSOM Dept of Neurobiology, 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, United States of America.
| | - A M Wong
- UCLA DGSOM Dept of Neurobiology, 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, United States of America
| | - R J Tomm
- UBC Dept of Psychology and Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - K K Soma
- UBC Dept of Psychology and Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - P E Micevych
- UCLA DGSOM Dept of Neurobiology, 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, United States of America
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214
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Brown RSE, Khant Aung Z, Phillipps HR, Barad Z, Lein HJ, Boehm U, Szawka RE, Grattan DR. Acute Suppression of LH Secretion by Prolactin in Female Mice Is Mediated by Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1323-1332. [PMID: 30901026 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia causes infertility, but the specific mechanism is unknown. It is clear that elevated prolactin levels suppress pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, with a consequent reduction in pulsatile LH secretion from the pituitary. Only a few GnRH neurons express prolactin receptors (Prlrs), however, and thus prolactin must act indirectly in the underlying neural circuitry. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that prolactin-induced inhibition of LH secretion is mediated by kisspeptin neurons, which provide major excitatory inputs to GnRH neurons. To evaluate pulsatile LH secretion, we collected serial blood samples from diestrous mice and measured LH levels by ultrasensitive ELISA. Acute prolactin administration decreased LH pulses in wild-type mice. Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) acutely responded to prolactin, but prolactin-induced signaling in kisspeptin neurons was up to fourfold higher in the arcuate nucleus when compared with the RP3V. Consistent with this, conditional knockout of Prlr specifically in arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons prevented prolactin-induced suppression of LH secretion. Our data establish that during hyperprolactinemia, suppression of pulsatile LH secretion is mediated by Prlr on arcuate kisspeptin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zin Khant Aung
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hollian R Phillipps
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zsuzsanna Barad
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hsin-Jui Lein
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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215
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Abstract
Hypogonadism is an important issue among the male population. Treatments such as exogenous testosterone have become very popular. One of the adverse effects of testosterone is its suppression of fertility. This has lead to the use of alternative therapies such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that aim to correct hypogonadism without reducing fertility. Areas covered: The SERM, clomiphene citrate, which is approved by the FDA for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction, has been shown to have beneficial effects on male hypogonadism. Clomiphene citrate exists as a mixture of both the cis-isomer (zuclomiphene) and the trans-isomer (enclomiphene). The literature has suggested that most of the beneficial effects of clomiphene are due to the trans-isomer enclomiphene. Zuclomiphene contributes little to the intended outcomes. The purpose of this drug profile is to examine the available literature on the trans-isomer enclomiphene. Expert opinion: Enclomiphene has been shown to increase testosterone levels while stimulating FSH and LH production. Initial studies demonstrated that enclomiphene maintains the androgenic benefit of clomiphene citrate without the undesirable effects attributable to zuclomiphene. This article reviews the difficulties associated with the FDA approval of a new molecular entity related to the treatment of hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Earl
- a Department of Urology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Edward D Kim
- a Department of Urology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
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216
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Lehnert J, Khadra A. How Pulsatile Kisspeptin Stimulation and GnRH Autocrine Feedback Can Drive GnRH Secretion: A Modeling Investigation. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1289-1306. [PMID: 30874725 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile secretion of GnRH from hypothalamic GnRH neurons tightly regulates the release of mammalian reproductive hormones. Although key factors such as electrical activity and stimulation by kisspeptin have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms that regulate GnRH release are still not fully understood. Previously developed mathematical models studied hormonal release and electrical properties of GnRH neurons separately, but they never integrated both components. Herein, we present a more complete biophysical model to investigate how electrical activity and hormonal release interact. The model consists of two components: an electrical submodel comprised of a modified Izhikevich formalism incorporating several key ionic currents to reproduce GnRH neuronal bursting behavior, and a hormonal submodel that incorporates pulsatile kisspeptin stimulation and a GnRH autocrine feedback mechanism. Using the model, we examine the electrical activity of GnRH neurons and how kisspeptin affects GnRH pulsatility. The model reproduces the noise-driven bursting behavior of GnRH neurons as well as the experimentally observed electrophysiological effects induced by GnRH and kisspeptin. Specifically, the model reveals that external application of GnRH causes a transient hyperpolarization followed by an increase in firing frequency, whereas administration of kisspeptin leads to long-lasting depolarization of the neuron. The model also shows that GnRH release follows a pulsatile profile similar to that observed experimentally and that kisspeptin and GnRH exhibit ∼7-1 locking in their pulsatility. These results suggest that external kisspeptin stimulation with a period of ∼8 minutes drives the autocrine mechanism beyond a threshold to generate pronounced GnRH pulses every hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lehnert
- Department of Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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217
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Alam F, Khan TA, Amjad S, Rehman R. Association of oxidative stress with female infertility - A case control study. J PAK MED ASSOC 2019; 69:627-631. [PMID: 31105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare stress markers and reproductive hormones in fertile and infertile females, and to relate the markers with age, duration and cause of infertility, and body mass index.. METHODS The case-control study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2017 to February 2018. Females aged 16-50 years regardless of ethnic background were recruited from the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre, Karachi, and were equally divided into infertile cases group A, and fertile controls group B. Serum follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, glutathione reductase and cortisol were measured using enzyme-linked innmunosorbent assay. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.. RESULTS There were 328 female subjects divided into two equal groups of 164(50%). Serum luteinizing hormone and cortisol was higher in the group A than in group B (p<0.001). Serum glutathione reductase was low in group A compared to group B (p<0.001). Duration of infertility, serum levels of glutathione reductase and cortisol were also significantly different among infertile females when distributed on the basis of cause of infertility (p<0.05). Serum cortisol had negative correlation with glutathione reductase (p<0.001). Age and body mass index had a positive correlation with serum cortisol (p=0.035; p=0.63), while there was a negative correlation with glutathione reductase (p = -0.732).. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged duration of infertility, age of females and body mass index enhanced the production of stress hormones and decreased antioxidant activity which augmented the risk of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Alam
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sofia Amjad
- Department of Physiology, Ziauudin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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218
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Knox RV. PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Factors influencing follicle development in gilts and sows and management strategies used to regulate growth for control of estrus and ovulation1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1433-1445. [PMID: 30715326 PMCID: PMC6447271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that affect follicle health and growth can influence estrus, ovulation, conception, and litter size. Since the majority of the breeding herd is composed of sows, production schedules are established based on synchronized follicle growth following weaning. Insemination of sows over a 3- to 4-d period after weaning facilitates farrowing over fewer days and helps improve the uniformity of pigs at weaning. Synchronized inseminations of the group are reduced when disturbance to the follicular phase results in delayed estrus. The failure of >15 follicles to uniformly progress beyond the 6.0 mm size within 4 d during the follicular phase is associated with delayed estrus and ovulation, reduced ovulation rate, and reduced farrowing rate. In sows, the follicular phase is initiated at weaning by removal of the suckling inhibition, whereas in cycling gilts, luteolysis and clearance of progesterone begins the process. The timing and patterns of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone stimulation to the ovary determine follicle health and selection for ovulation. Interestingly, abnormal wean-to-estrus intervals in sows and deviations from a 19- to 22-d estrous cycle in gilts are associated with reduced fertility. However, in both cases, it is not entirely clear whether the abnormal intervals are a direct result of problems occurring prior to or only during the follicular phase. In prepubertal gilts, the signal for initiating the follicular phase remains elusive, but could reside in differential sensitivity and response to hormone signals at the level of the ovary and brain. Although the mechanisms are not clear, factors such as boar exposure, stress, feed intake, growth rate, and birthweight have been shown to stimulate an early follicular phase. In contrast, inhibitors to follicle growth have been associated with season, heat stress, photoperiod, negative energy balance, poor body condition, slow growth, fewer parities, and short lactation length. Hormonal aids for inducing and delaying the follicular phase, as well as for inducing ovulation are available to aid in synchronized breeding schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Knox
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
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219
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van Stein KR, Strauß B, Brenk-Franz K. Ovulatory Shifts in Sexual Desire But Not Mate Preferences: An LH-Test-Confirmed, Longitudinal Study. Evol Psychol 2019; 17:1474704919848116. [PMID: 31122067 PMCID: PMC10480889 DOI: 10.1177/1474704919848116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented data are part of a longitudinal within-subject study designed to examine ovulatory shifts in human sexuality in a diverse German sample using validated questionnaires. The final sample consists of 78 individuals (76 female, 2 agender) who declared to be mainly or exclusively attracted to males. Questionnaires were completed anonymously online at three cycle phases. Following the gold standard, the fertile window was calculated through the reverse cycle day method and confirmed via urinary tests detecting luteinizing hormone. The questionnaire included the Sexual Desire Inventory, Dresdner Body Image Inventory, the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, and an adjective list to measure mate preferences. One hundred eighty-four questionnaires were included in the data analysis using linear mixed models. Findings support previous research reporting heightened sexual desire and an improved body image during the fertile window. No shifts were found for mate preference or sociosexual orientation, thus adding to a growing body of literature contesting parts of the ovulatory shift hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. van Stein
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - B. Strauß
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - K. Brenk-Franz
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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220
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Aliberti P, Sethi R, Belgorosky A, Chandran UR, Plant TM, Walker WH. Gonadotrophin-mediated miRNA expression in testis at onset of puberty in rhesus monkey: predictions on regulation of thyroid hormone activity and DLK1-DIO3 locus. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:124-136. [PMID: 30590698 PMCID: PMC6396851 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation of primate spermatogenesis remain poorly characterized. Previously, 48 h stimulation of the testes of three juvenile rhesus monkeys with pulsatile LH and FSH resulted in down-regulation of a cohort of genes recognized to favor spermatogonia stem cell renewal. This change in genetic landscape occurred in concert with amplification of Sertoli cell proliferation and the commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to differentiate. In this report, the non-protein coding small RNA transcriptomes of the same testes were characterized using RNA sequencing: 537 mature micro-RNAs (miRNAs), 322 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and 49 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) were identified. Pathway analysis of the 20 most highly expressed miRNAs suggested that these transcripts contribute to limiting the proliferation of the primate Sertoli cell during juvenile development. Gonadotrophin treatment resulted in differential expression of 35 miRNAs, 12 snoRNAs and four snRNA transcripts. Ten differentially expressed miRNAs were derived from the imprinted delta-like homolog 1-iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (DLK1-DIO3) locus that is linked to stem cell fate decisions. Four gonadotrophin-regulated expressed miRNAs were predicted to trigger a local increase in thyroid hormone activity within the juvenile testis. The latter finding leads us to predict that, in primates, a gonadotrophin-induced selective increase in testicular thyroid hormone activity, together with the established increase in androgen levels, at the onset of puberty is necessary for the normal timing of Sertoli cell maturation, and therefore initiation of spermatogenesis. Further examination of this hypothesis requires that peripubertal changes in thyroid hormone activity of the testis of a representative higher primate be determined empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aliberti
- Endocrine Service, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881(C 1245 AAM) C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rahil Sethi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Belgorosky
- Endocrine Service, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881(C 1245 AAM) C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tony M Plant
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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221
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Morelli A, Filippi S, Comeglio P, Sarchielli E, Cellai I, Pallecchi M, Bartolucci G, Danza G, Rastrelli G, Corno C, Guarnieri G, Fuochi E, Vignozzi L, Maggi M. Physical activity counteracts metabolic syndrome-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in the rabbit. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E519-E535. [PMID: 30645174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) clusters cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors along with hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction. Lifestyle modifications including physical exercise (PhyEx) are well-known treatments for this condition. In this study, we analyzed the effect of PhyEx on hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and erectile function by use of an animal MetS model, previously established in rabbits fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Rabbits fed a regular diet (RD) were used as controls. A subset of both groups was trained on a treadmill. HFD rabbits showed typical MetS features, including HG (reduced T and LH) and impairment of erectile function. PhyEx in HFD rabbits completely restored plasma T and LH and the penile alterations. At testicular and hypothalamic levels, an HFD-induced inflammatory status was accompanied by reduced T synthesis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunopositivity, respectively. In the testis, PhyEx normalized HFD-related macrophage infiltration and increased the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and T synthesis. In the hypothalamus, PhyEx normalized HFD-induced gene expression changes related to inflammation and glucose metabolism, restored GnRH expression, particularly doubling mRNA levels, and regulated expression of molecules related to GnRH release (kisspeptin, dynorphin). Concerning MetS components, PhyEx significantly reduced circulating cholesterol and visceral fat. In multivariate analyses, cholesterol levels resulted as the main factor associated with MetS-related alterations in penile, testicular, and hypothalamic districts. In conclusion, our results show that PhyEx may rescue erectile function, exert anti-inflammatory effects on hypothalamus and testis, and increase LH levels and T production, thus supporting a primary role for lifestyle modification to combat MetS-associated hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Ilaria Cellai
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Chiara Corno
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Elisa Fuochi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi , Rome , Italy
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Manaserh IH, Chikkamenahalli L, Ravi S, Dube PR, Park JJ, Hill JW. Ablating astrocyte insulin receptors leads to delayed puberty and hypogonadism in mice. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000189. [PMID: 30893295 PMCID: PMC6443191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and obesity are associated with reduced gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and infertility. Mice that lack insulin receptors (IRs) throughout development in both neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells are known to exhibit subfertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. However, attempts to recapitulate this phenotype by targeting specific neurons have failed. To determine whether astrocytic insulin sensing plays a role in the regulation of fertility, we generated mice lacking IRs in astrocytes (astrocyte-specific insulin receptor deletion [IRKOGFAP] mice). IRKOGFAP males and females showed a delay in balanopreputial separation or vaginal opening and first estrous, respectively. In adulthood, IRKOGFAP female mice also exhibited longer, irregular estrus cycles, decreased pregnancy rates, and reduced litter sizes. IRKOGFAP mice show normal sexual behavior but hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadotropin (HPG) axis dysregulation, likely explaining their low fecundity. Histological examination of testes and ovaries showed impaired spermatogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation. Finally, reduced prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PGES2) levels were found in astrocytes isolated from these mice, suggesting a mechanism for low GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. These findings demonstrate that insulin sensing by astrocytes is indispensable for the function of the reproductive axis. Additional work is needed to elucidate the role of astrocytes in the maturation of hypothalamic reproductive circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad H Manaserh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lakshmikanth Chikkamenahalli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Samyuktha Ravi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Prabhatchandra R Dube
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua J Park
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
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Proietto S, Yankelevich L, Villarreal FM, Inserra PIF, Charif SE, Schmidt AR, Cortasa SA, Corso MC, Di Giorgio NP, Lux-Lantos V, Vitullo AD, Halperin J, Dorfman VB. Pituitary estrogen receptor alpha is involved in luteinizing hormone pulsatility at mid-gestation in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:40-51. [PMID: 29656043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is a caviomorph rodent native from Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. It shows peculiar reproductive features like pre-ovulatory follicle recruitment during pregnancy with an ovulatory process at around mid-gestation. We have described the activation of the hypothalamic - pituitary - ovarian (HPO) axis during pregnancy. A progressive decrease of progesterone (P4) at mid-pregnancy elicits the delivery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with the consequent secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) followed by luteinizing hormone (LH) release resulting in follicular luteinization and the P4 concentration recover. Pituitary gland is the central regulator of the HPO axis being E2 a key hormone involved in the regulation of its activity. In this work we analyzed the action of E2 on the pituitary response to the GnRH wave as well as its involvement on LH secretion at mid-gestation in L. maximus. The expression of GnRHR at the pituitary pars distalis showed a significant decrease at mid-pregnancy compared to early- and term-gestating females. ERα showed a significant increment from mid-gestation whereas ERβ did not show variations throughout pregnancy; whereas the LH expression in the pituitary pars distalis showed a significant increase at mid-gestation, concordantly with serum LH, which was followed by a decrease at term-gestation with similar values than at early-pregnancy. The number of cells with co-localization of ERα and GnRHR showed a decline at mid-pregnancy related to early- and term-gestation, whereas the cells with co-localization of ERα and LH increased at mid- and term-pregnancy. On the other hand, ex vivo measuring of LH pulsatility showed a significant increment in the total mass of LH delivered at mid-pregnancy followed by a decrease at term-gestation. The stimulation of ERα with the PPT specific agonist induced a significant increment in the total mass of LH released, whereas no changes were determined when ERβ was stimulated with its specific agonist MPP. These results suggest that LH pulsatility rise at mid-pregnancy would be enabled by the increase of E2 acting through ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Proietto
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Lorena Yankelevich
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Martín Villarreal
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Santiago Elías Charif
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alejandro Raúl Schmidt
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Cortasa
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Clara Corso
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Noelia Paula Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Daniel Vitullo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julia Halperin
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Verónica Berta Dorfman
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Sugimoto A, Tsuchida H, Ieda N, Ikegami K, Inoue N, Uenoyama Y, Tsukamura H. Somatostatin-Somatostatin Receptor 2 Signaling Mediates LH Pulse Suppression in Lactating Rats. Endocrinology 2019; 160:473-483. [PMID: 30544226 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Follicular development and ovulation are profoundly suppressed during lactation in mammals. This suppression is suggested to be mainly due to the suckling-induced inhibition of kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and consequent inhibition of pulsatile GnRH/LH release. We examined whether central somatostatin (SST) signaling mediates the suckling-induced suppression of pulsatile LH secretion. SST has been reported to be expressed in the posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus (PIL), where the suckling stimulus is postulated to be relayed to the hypothalamus during lactation. SST inhibitory receptors (SSTRs) are abundantly expressed in the ARC, where kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons are located. Histological and quantitative studies revealed that the suckling stimulus increased the number of SST-expressing cells in the PIL, and Sstr2 expression in the ARC. Furthermore, a central injection of an SSTR2 antagonist caused a significant increase in pulsatile LH release in lactating rats. Double labeling of Sstr2 and the neurokinin B gene, as a marker for ARC KNDy neurons, showed Sstr2 expression was abundantly detected in the ARC, but few KNDy neurons coexpressed Sstr2 in lactating rats. Taken together, these findings suggest the suckling-induced activation of SST-SSTR2 signaling mediates, at least in part, the suppression of pulsatile LH secretion during lactation in rats, probably via the indirect effects of SST on KNDy neurons. These results provide a new aspect on the role of central SST-SSTR signaling in understanding the mechanism underlying lactational anestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nahoko Ieda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kana Ikegami
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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225
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Nguyen AT, Chia JHZ, Kazeto Y, Lokman PM. Expression of gonadotropin subunit and gonadotropin receptor genes in wild female New Zealand shortfinned eel (Anguilla australis) during yellow and silver stages. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 272:83-92. [PMID: 30529311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous importance of follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) as primary controllers of reproductive development, information on the expression profiles of the genes encoding gonadotropin subunits and gonadotropin receptors (Fshr and Lhr) in wild eels are essentially non-existent. This study investigated pituitary fshb and lhb mRNA levels and ovarian fshr and lhr mRNA levels of wild shortfinned eels, Anguilla australis at different stages of oogenesis. Protein expression of Fsh in the pituitary was also quantified and visualized using slot blot and immunohistochemistry. Pituitary fshb and lhb mRNA levels showed a differential expression pattern, fshb mRNA levels increasing significantly from the perinucleolus (PN) to the oil droplet stage (OD) before slightly decreasing (not significantly) in the early vitellogenic stage (EV). A similar trend was observed in relative Fsh protein levels analyzed by slot blot and immunohistochemistry, but this trend was not reflected in the plasma levels of sex steroids. In contrast, pituitary lhb mRNA levels increased significantly from the PN to EV stage. A higher expression of Fsh at both mRNA and protein levels in the pituitary of eels at the OD stage compared to other investigated stages suggests that synthesis of Fsh production in the pituitary may reach a peak at the OD stage. In the ovary, transcript abundances of fshr and lhr gradually increased during previtellogenic follicle growth, but markedly and significantly increased thereafter. Taken together, our data suggest i) that Fsh release may be very limited, or absent, prior to onset of puberty in shortfinned eels and ii) that Lh is not functionally important in this fish during the EV stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Jolyn H Z Chia
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Yukinori Kazeto
- Kamiura Laboratory, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Oita 879-2602, Japan
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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226
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Sun BZ, Kangarloo T, Adams JM, Sluss PM, Welt CK, Chandler DW, Zava DT, McGrath JA, Umbach DM, Hall JE, Shaw ND. Healthy Post-Menarchal Adolescent Girls Demonstrate Multi-Level Reproductive Axis Immaturity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:613-623. [PMID: 30289507 PMCID: PMC6325170 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Context Menstrual irregularity after menarche has been attributed to immature estrogen positive feedback activity (E+FB) but data are conflicting. Objective To determine the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian contributions to menstrual irregularity in adolescents. Methods Twenty-three healthy girls [aged 12.8 to 17.6 years; 0.4 to 3.5 years postmenarche; body mass index (BMI) percentile, 41.0 to 99.3] underwent serial hormone measurements and pelvic ultrasounds during two consecutive menstrual cycles. Hormones and follicle growth were compared with 65 adult historic controls with ovulatory cycles (OVs). Results Girls had anovulatory cycles (ANOVs; 30%), OVs with a short luteal phase (short OVs; 22%), or OVs with normal luteal phase (normal OVs; 48%) without differences in cycle length, chronologic or gynecologic age, or BMI. Adolescents showed a spectrum of E+FB [midcycle LH adjusted for preovulatory estradiol (E2)]; only normal OV girls were comparable to adults. All OV girls had lower E2, progesterone, and gonadotropins during the luteal phase and luteal-follicular transition compared with adults. Normal OV girls also had lower follicular phase LH and FSH levels, a longer follicular phase, a slower dominant follicle growth rate, and smaller estimated preovulatory follicle size than adults. Follicular phase E2 and inhibin B levels were lower in normal OV girls than in adults even after adjusting for differences in FSH and follicle size. Conclusions Early postmenarchal girls with normal OVs demonstrate mature E+FB but continue to have lower gonadotropin levels, diminished ovarian responsiveness, and decreased corpus luteum sex steroid synthesis compared with adults, indicating that reproductive axis maturity requires coordinated development of all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Z Sun
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tairmae Kangarloo
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judith M Adams
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick M Sluss
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corrine K Welt
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - John A McGrath
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Janet E Hall
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natalie D Shaw
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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227
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Fontaine R, Ager-Wick E, Hodne K, Weltzien FA. Plasticity of Lh cells caused by cell proliferation and recruitment of existing cells. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:361-377. [PMID: 30594119 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (Lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) control reproduction in vertebrates. Using a transgenic line of medaka, in which green fluorescent protein expression is controlled by the endogenous lhb promotor, we studied development and plasticity of Lh cells, comparing juveniles and adults of both genders. Confocal imaging and 3D reconstruction revealed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Lh cells in both genders from juvenile to adult stages. We show that Lh cell hyperplasia may be caused by recruitment of existing pituitary cells that start to produce lhb, as evidenced by time lapse recordings of primary pituitary cell cultures, and/or through Lh cell proliferation, demonstrated through a combination of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incubation experiments and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. Proliferating Lh cells do not belong to the classical type of multipotent stem cells, as they do not stain with anti-sox2. Estradiol exposure in vivo increased pituitary cell proliferation, particularly Lh cells, whereas pituitary lhb and gpa expression levels decreased. RNA-seq and in situ hybridization showed that Lh cells express two estrogen receptors, esr1 and esr2b, and the aromatase gene cyp19a1b, suggesting a direct effect of estradiol, and possibly androgens, on Lh cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study reveals a high degree of plasticity in the medaka Lh cell population, resulting from a combination of recruitment and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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228
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Devillers MM, Petit F, Cluzet V, François CM, Giton F, Garrel G, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ. FSH inhibits AMH to support ovarian estradiol synthesis in infantile mice. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:215-228. [PMID: 30403655 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) regulates ovarian function in cyclic females, notably by preventing premature follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-mediated follicular growth and steroidogenesis. Its expression in growing follicles is controlled by FSH and by estradiol (E2). In infantile females, there is a transient increase in the activity of the gonadotrope axis, as reflected by elevated levels of both gonadotropins and E2. We previously demonstrated in mice that elevated FSH concentrations are necessary to induce E2 production by preantral/early antral follicles through the stimulation of aromatase expression without supporting their growth. However, whether this action of FSH could involve AMH is unknown. Here, we show that Amh mRNA and protein abundance and serum AMH levels are elevated in infantile mouse females, compared with those in adults. By experimentally manipulating FSH and E2 levels in infantile mice, we demonstrate that high FSH concentrations lower Amh expression specifically in preantral/early antral follicles, whereas E2 has no effect. Importantly, treatment of infantile ovaries in organotypic cultures with AMH decreases FSH-mediated expression of Cyp19a1 aromatase, but it does not alter the expression of cyclin D2-mediating granulosa cell proliferation. Overall, our data indicate that the infantile elevation in FSH levels suppresses Amh expression in preantral/early antral follicles, thereby favoring Cyp19a1 aromatase expression and E2 production. Together with recent discoveries that AMH can act on both the hypothalamus and the pituitary to increase gonadotropin levels, this work suggests that AMH is a critical regulator of the gonadotrope axis during the infantile period, thereby contributing to adult reproductive function programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M Devillers
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Cluzet
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte M François
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Frank Giton
- APHP CIB GHU Sud Henri Mondor, INSERM IMRB U955, Eq.07, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Ghislaine Garrel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Céline J Guigon
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
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Burow S, Fontaine R, von Krogh K, Mayer I, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Hollander-Cohen L, Cohen Y, Shpilman M, Levavi-Sivan B, Weltzien FA. Medaka follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh): Developmental profiles of pituitary protein and gene expression levels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 272:93-108. [PMID: 30576646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The two gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) are of particular importance within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of vertebrates. In the current study, we demonstrate the production and validation of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) recombinant (md) gonadotropins Fshβ (mdFshβ), Lhβ (mdLhβ), Fshβα (mdFshβα), and Lhβα (mdLhβα) by Pichia pastoris, the generation of specific rabbit antibodies against their respective β subunits, and their use within the development and validation of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for quantification of medaka Fsh and Lh. mdFsh and mdLh were produced as single-chain polypeptides by linking the α subunit with mdFshβ or mdLhβ mature protein coding sequences to produce a "tethered" polypeptide with the β-chain at the N-terminal and the α-chain at the C-terminal. The specificity of the antibodies raised against mdFshβ and mdLhβ was determined by immunofluorescence (IF) for Fshβ and Lhβ on medaka pituitary tissue, while comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for fshb and lhb mRNA was used for validation. Competitive ELISAs were developed using antibodies against mdFshβ or mdLhβ, and the tethered proteins mdFshβα or mdLhβα for standard curves. The standard curve for the Fsh ELISA ranged from 97.6 pg/ml to 50 ng/ml, and for the Lh ELISA from 12.21 pg/ml to 6.25 ng/ml. The sensitivity of the assays for Fsh and Lh was 44.7 and 70.8 pg/ml, respectively. A profile of pituitary protein levels of medaka Fsh and Lh comparing juveniles with adults showed significant increase of protein amount from juvenile group (body length from 12 mm to 16.5 mm) to adult group (body length from 21 mm to 26.5 mm) for both hormones in male medaka. Comparing these data to a developmental profile of pituitary mRNA expression of medaka fshb and lhb, the mRNA expression of lhb also increased during male maturation and a linear regression analysis revealed a significant increase of lhb expression with increased body length that proposes a linear model. However, fshb mRNA expression did not change significantly during male development and therefore was not correlated with body length. In summary, we have developed and validated homologous ELISA assays for medaka Fsh and Lh based on proteins produced in P. pastoris, assays that will be used to study the functions and regulations of Fsh and Lh in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Burow
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lian Hollander-Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Shpilman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
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Koistinen H, Koel M, Peters M, Rinken A, Lundin K, Tuuri T, Tapanainen JS, Alfthan H, Salumets A, Stenman UH, Lavogina D. Hyperglycosylated hCG activates LH/hCG-receptor with lower activity than hCG. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 479:103-109. [PMID: 30287399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) appears to have an essential role in early pregnancy, it is controversial whether the hyperglycosylated form of hCG (hCG-h), which is the major hCG isoform during the first 4-5 weeks of pregnancy, is able to activate LH/hCG receptor (LHCGR). To address this, we utilized different extensively characterized hCG and hCGβ reference reagents, cell culture- and urine-derived hCG-h preparations, and an in vitro reporter system for LHCGR activation. The WHO hCG reference reagent (99/688) was found to activate LHCGR with an EC50-value of 3.3 ± 0.6 pmol/L (n = 9). All three studied hCG-h preparations were also able to activate LHCGR, but with a lower potency (EC50-values between 7.1 ± 0.5 and 14 ± 3 pmol/L, n = 5-11, for all P < 0.05 as compared to the hCG reference). The activities of commercial urinary hCG (Pregnyl) and recombinant hCG (Ovitrelle) preparations were intermediate between those of the hCG reference and the hCG-h. These results strongly suggest that the hCG-h is functionally similar to hCG, although it has lower potency for LHCGR activation. Whether this explains the reduced proportion of hCG-h to hCG reported in patients developing early onset pre-eclampsia or those having early pregnancy loss remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mariann Koel
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ago Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karolina Lundin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henrik Alfthan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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231
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Kufe NC, Masemola M, Chikowore T, Kengne AP, Olsson T, Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK. Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of sex hormones and diabetes risk in ageing men and women of African ancestry. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024446. [PMID: 30610025 PMCID: PMC6326342 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To present the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence examining the association between sex hormones and type 2 diabetes risk in ageing men and women of African descent. METHODS We shall conduct a comprehensive search of published studies that examined the association between sex hormones and type 2 diabetes risk in men and women aged ≥40 years from 01/01/1980 to 31/03/2018 with no language restriction. Databases to be searched include: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, ISI Web of Science, Clinical Trial registries, Google Scholar and institutional websites such as the WHO, American Diabetes Association, International Diabetes Federation, World Diabetes Foundation, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, African Journal Online and ProQuest databases. This protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. Independent screening for eligible studies using defined criteria and data extraction, will be completed in duplicate. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or consultation with a third researcher. Risk of bias of included studies will be assessed by the appropriate Cochrane risk of bias tool. The overall association estimates will be pooled using appropriate meta-analytic techniques. Heterogeneity will be assessed using Cochrane Q statistic and the inconsistency index (I2). The random effects model will be used to calculate a pooled estimate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethics clearance is required as no primary data will be collected. The systematic review and meta-analysis are part of a PhD project at WITS University (Johannesburg, South Africa) and results will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-review journal. The results will guide future population specific interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017074581.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyuyki Clement Kufe
- Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maphoko Masemola
- Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
The hypothalamic decapeptide, GnRH, is the gatekeeper of mammalian reproductive development and function. Activation of specific, high-affinity cell surface receptors (GnRH receptors) on gonadotropes by GnRH triggers signal transduction cascades to stimulate the coordinated synthesis and secretion of the pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH. These hormones direct gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis, making their tightly regulated production and secretion essential for normal sexual maturation and reproductive health. FSH and LH are glycoprotein heterodimers comprised of a common α-subunit and a unique β-subunit (FSHβ and LHβ, respectively), which determines the biological specificity of the gonadotropins. The unique β-subunit is the rate-limiting step for the production of the mature gonadotropins. Therefore, FSH synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level by Fshb gene expression. The overarching goal of this review is to expand our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways underlying the carefully orchestrated control of FSH synthesis and secretion by GnRH, focusing on the transcriptional regulation of the Fshb gene. Identification of these regulatory mechanisms is not only fundamental to our understanding of normal reproductive function but will also provide a context for the elucidation of the pathophysiology of reproductive disorders and infertility to lead to potential new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Stamatiades
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rona S Carroll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence: Ursula B. Kaiser, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail:
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233
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Chen Q, Duan J, Wu H, Li J, Jiang Y, Tang H, Li X, Kang L. Expression dynamics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I and its mutual regulation with luteinizing hormone in chicken ovary and follicles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:96-102. [PMID: 30339806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) has been identified in the ovaries of vertebrate species, and this decapeptide is a key regulator of reproductive functions. However, its biological action and regulatory mechanism in the chicken ovary remain to be characterized. In this study, the expression of GnRH-I gene in chicken hypothalamus and ovaries at different developmental stages and different sizes of follicles was investigated, and the effect of GnRH-I mRNA on chicken follicular cells was analyzed in vitro. The results showed that the expression of GnRH-I was dramatically decreased in the hen ovary compared to that in the hypothalamus after sexual maturation. In the mature ovarian follicles, GnRH-I mRNA levels were significantly higher in theca cells than that in granulosa cells. Overexpression of GnRH-I decreased the expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) mRNA in theca cells from preovulatory follicles but had no effect on granulosa cells. Treatment of theca cells with different concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) significantly increased GnRH-I mRNA expression at low doses (50 ng/ml) but significantly decreased it at higher doses (200 ng/ml). Furthermore, GnRH-I inhibited LH-induced LHR expression at the lower dose of LH (50 ng/ml). These findings provide strong evidence indicating that GnRH-I is an important regulator in the chicken ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Jingde Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Hui Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Xianyao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Li Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China.
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234
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Shilaih M, Goodale BM, Falco L, Kübler F, De Clerck V, Leeners B. Modern fertility awareness methods: wrist wearables capture the changes in temperature associated with the menstrual cycle. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171279. [PMID: 29175999 PMCID: PMC6265623 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Core and peripheral body temperatures are affected by changes in reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle. Women worldwide use the basal body temperature (BBT) method to aid and prevent conception. However, prior research suggests that taking one's daily temperature can prove inconvenient and subject to environmental factors. We investigate whether a more automatic, non-invasive temperature measurement system can detect changes in temperature across the menstrual cycle. We examined how wrist skin temperature (WST), measured with wearable sensors, correlates with urinary tests of ovulation and may serve as a new method of fertility tracking. One hundred and thirty-six eumenorrheic, non-pregnant women participated in an observational study. Participants wore WST biosensors during sleep and reported their daily activities. An at-home luteinizing hormone (LH) test was used to confirm ovulation. WST was recorded across 437 cycles (mean cycles/participant = 3.21, S.D. = 2.25). We tested the relationship between the fertile window and WST temperature shifts, using the BBT three-over-six rule. A sustained 3-day temperature shift was observed in 357/437 cycles (82%), with the lowest cycle temperature occurring in the fertile window 41% of the time. Most temporal shifts (307/357, 86%) occurred on ovulation day (OV) or later. The average early-luteal phase temperature was 0.33°C higher than in the fertile window. Menstrual cycle changes in WST were impervious to lifestyle factors, like having sex, alcohol, or eating prior to bed, that, in prior work, have been shown to obfuscate BBT readings. Although currently costlier than BBT, the present study suggests that WST could be a promising, convenient parameter for future multiparameter fertility awareness methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned Shilaih
- Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Brigitte Leeners
- Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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235
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Fergani C, Leon S, Padilla SL, Verstegen AMJ, Palmiter RD, Navarro VM. NKB signaling in the posterodorsal medial amygdala stimulates gonadotropin release in a kisspeptin-independent manner in female mice. eLife 2018; 7:e40476. [PMID: 30565563 PMCID: PMC6300354 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) signaling is critical for reproduction in all studied species. The existing consensus is that NKB induces GnRH release via kisspeptin (Kiss1) stimulation in the arcuate nucleus. However, the stimulatory action of NKB is dependent on circulating estrogen (E2) levels, without which, NKB inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Importantly, the evidence supporting the kisspeptin-dependent role of NKB, derives from models of persistent hypogonadal state [e.g. Kiss1r knock-out (KO) mice], with reduced E2 levels. Here, we demonstrate that in the presence of E2, NKB signaling induces LH release in a kisspeptin-independent manner through the activation of NK3R (NKB receptor) neurons in the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD). Importantly, we show that chemogenetic activation of MePD Kiss1 neurons induces LH release, however, the stimulatory action of NKB in this area is Kiss1 neuron-independent. These results document the existence of two independent neuronal circuitries within the MePD that regulate reproductive function in females. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Fergani
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and HypertensionBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Silvia Leon
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and HypertensionBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Stephanie L Padilla
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Anne MJ Verstegen
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and HypertensionBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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236
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Hugon-Rodin J, Yoshii K, Lahlou N, Flandrin J, Gompel A, de Roux N. Complete Kisspeptin Receptor Inactivation Does Not Impede Exogenous GnRH-Induced LH Surge in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4482-4490. [PMID: 30124894 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) gene have been reported in a few patients with normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nCHH) (OMIM #146110). OBJECTIVES To describe a female patient with nCHH and a novel homozygous KISS1R mutation and to assess the role of kisspeptin pathway to induce an ovulation by GnRH pulse therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND INTERVENTION Observational study of a patient including genetic and kisspeptin receptor functions and treatment efficiency using a GnRH pump. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Response to pulsatile GnRH therapy. RESULTS A partial isolated gonadotropic deficiency was diagnosed in a 28-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea and no breast development. A novel homozygous c.953T>C variant was identified in KISS1R. This mutation led to substitution of leucine 318 for proline (p.Leu318Pro) in the seventh transmembrane domain of KISS1R. Signaling via the mutated receptor was profoundly impaired in HEK293-transfected cells. The mutated receptor was not detected on the membrane of HEK293-transfected cells. After several pulsatile GnRH therapy cycles, an LH surge with ovulation and pregnancy was obtained. CONCLUSION GnRH pulsatile therapy can induce an LH surge in a woman with a mutated KISS1R, which was previously thought to be completely inactivated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Hugon-Rodin
- Paris Descartes University, Gynecology Endocrinology Unit, Port-Royal Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Keisuke Yoshii
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, U1141, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Jennifer Flandrin
- Paris Descartes University, Gynecology Endocrinology Unit, Port-Royal Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gompel
- Paris Descartes University, Gynecology Endocrinology Unit, Port-Royal Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas de Roux
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, U1141, Inserm, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Biochemistry Laboratory, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Paris, France
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237
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Briski KP, Shakya M. Mu Opioid Receptor Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Luteinizing Hormone Axis during Short-Term Food Deprivation: Role of Alpha1-Adrenoreceptor Signaling. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:363-370. [PMID: 30664341 PMCID: PMC7506469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain bio-energetic stability is required for optimal gonadal steroid positive-feedback activation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I)-pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) neuroendocrine axis. Caudal hindbrain metabolic-sensory noradrenergic neurons counter energy deficiency by curtailing the mid-cycle LH surge. Central mu opioid receptors (mu-R) impose inhibitory effects of diverse physiological stimuli, including stress, on LH. DESIGN/MATERIAL AND METHODS To address the premise that mu-R attenuate the LH surge due to metabolic stress of food deprivation (FD), this study examined impacts of lateral ventricular administration of the selective mu-R antagonist CTOP on FD-associated patterns of GnRH-I protein expression and LH release in estradiol-primed ovariectomized female rats. RESULTS FD caused CTOP-reversible reductions in circulating LH and in micropunch-dissected neural tissue GnRH-I and upstream neurotransmitter (kisspeptin)/biosynthetic enzyme (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) protein content. FD up-regulated mu-R protein expression in reproduction-relevant preoptic structures, e.g. anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and medial preoptic (MPN) nuclei, responses that were abolished by the alpha1-adrenergic receptor (α1A-R) inverse agonist prazosin. CONCLUSIONS Current data implicate mu-R in FD attenuation of the E positive-feedback - induced LH surge. Results imply that FD-triggered noradrenergic input to the GnRH-I/LH axis acts in part to enhance reproductive neuroendocrine sensitivity to mu-R inhibition. Further studies are needed to characterize the neurochemical phenotype of AVPV and MPN neurons that express α1A- and/or mu-R, and to determine how these cells are organized within regulatory pathways to impose FD restraint of GnRH-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Manita Shakya
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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238
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Nyuji M, Hamada K, Kazeto Y, Mekuchi M, Gen K, Soyano K, Okuzawa K. Photoperiodic regulation of plasma gonadotropin levels in previtellogenic greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:149-155. [PMID: 30236970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In Seriola species, exposure to a long photoperiod regime is known to induce ovarian development. This study examined photoperiodic effects on pituitary gene expression and plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) in previtellogenic greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). The fish were exposed to short (8L:16D) or long (18L:6D) photoperiod. The water temperature was maintained at 22 °C. Compared with the short-photoperiod group, plasma Fsh levels were higher on days 10 and 30 in the long-photoperiod group, but plasma Lh levels did not significantly differ. On day 30, pituitary Fsh- and Lh-β subunit gene expressions were also higher in the long-photoperiod group than the short-photoperiod group, whereas α-subunit gene expressions were higher on days 20 and 30. Throughout the experiment, average gonadosomatic index and plasma E2 levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. This study clearly demonstrated that a long photoperiod induced Fsh release in the previtellogenic fish followed by upregulation of pituitary Fsh and Lh subunit gene expressions. An increase in plasma Fsh levels may be a key factor that mediates the photoperiodic effect on the initiation of ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Nyuji
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Hamada
- Marine Farm Laboratory Limited Company, 309 Takahiro, Tachibaura, Otsuki-cho, Hata-gun, Kochi 788-0352 Japan
| | - Yukinori Kazeto
- Kamiura Laboratory, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Saiki 879-2602, Japan
| | - Miyuki Mekuchi
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Koichiro Gen
- Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki 851-2231, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Soyano
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
| | - Koichi Okuzawa
- Kamiura Laboratory, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Saiki 879-2602, Japan
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239
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Abstract
Key cycle changes occur as women transition from reproductive life to menopause, and they can be roughly linked to menopausal staging. It is important to understand the types of studies that inform the current knowledge. Patterns of symptoms within menstrual cycles (sleep, headache) generally favor worsening in association with the perimenstrual phase of the cycle, and patterns of chronic symptoms, such as hot flashes and adverse mood, appear to be worse when hormones are more variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Allshouse
- Department of Biostatistics, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jelena Pavlovic
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B-198, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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240
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Abstract
The pulsatile release of GnRH and LH secretion is essential for fertility in all mammals. Pulses of LH occur approximately every hour in follicular-phase females and every 2 to 3 hours in luteal-phase females and males. Many studies over the last 50 years have sought to identify the nature and mechanism of the "GnRH pulse generator" responsible for pulsatile LH release. This review examines the characteristics of pulsatile hormone release and summarizes investigations that have led to our present understanding of the GnRH pulse generator. There is presently little compelling evidence for an intrinsic mechanism of pulse generation involving interactions between GnRH neuron cell bodies. Rather, data support the presence of an extrinsic pulse generator located within the arcuate nucleus, and attention has focused on the kisspeptin neurons and their projections to GnRH neuron dendrons concentrated around the median eminence. Sufficient evidence has been gathered in rodents to conclude that a subpopulation of arcuate kisspeptin neurons is, indeed, the GnRH pulse generator. Findings in other species are generally compatible with this view and suggest that arcuate/infundibular kisspeptin neurons represent the mammalian GnRH pulse generator. With hindsight, it is likely that past arcuate nucleus multiunit activity recordings have been from kisspeptin neurons. Despite advances in identifying the cells forming the pulse generator, almost nothing is known about their mechanisms of synchronicity and the afferent hormonal and transmitter modulation required to establish the normal patterns of LH pulsatility in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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241
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Byambaragchaa M, Kim DJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Site specificity of eel luteinizing hormone N-linked oligosaccharides in signal transduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 268:50-56. [PMID: 30056138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eel luteinizing hormone (eelLH) is composed of a common α-subunit and hormone specific β-subunit, both of which contain asparagine-linked carbohydrate residues, located at positions 56 and 79 on the α-subunit and position 10 on the β-subunit. The specific roles of the individual carbohydrate chains are poorly defined in eel. Thus, we characterized the biologically active single chains by fusing the α-subunit to the carboxyl terminal region of the eelLH β-subunit. Site-directed mutagenesis of the three N-linked glycosylation sites was performed to examine the function of individual glycosylation sites in secretion and signal transduction. The absence of the Asn79N-linked sugar chain slightly reduced secretion in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The expression of eelLHβ/α (wild-type) in CHO suspension cells was increased by approximately 2-fold higher than that of attached CHO cells. By western blotting analysis, the molecular weight of wild-type was found to be 32 kDa. Mutants (β/α△56, β/α△79, and β△10/α) of the oligosaccharide chain at a single site showed molecular weights that were reduced by approximately 10%. However, the double mutant (β/α△56.79) molecular weight was decreased by more than 20% compared to the wild-type. Enzymatic digestion of oligosaccharides using PNGaseF treatment showed that the molecular weights of all mutants, including wild-type, were reduced to 25 kDa. The results obtained in the absence of carbohydrates at Asn56 of the α-subunit and at Asn10 of the β-subunit revealed their roles in signal transduction through the eelLH receptor. The EC50 value of the cAMP response at Asn79 of the α-subunit was increased by 5-fold, whereas the maximum response was dramatically reduced to 17.8% of wild-type levels. Specifically, removal of the carbohydrates at double mutant (β/α△56.79) is approximately 85% to wild-type levels in biopotency. These results revealed the site-specific roles of eelLH carbohydrate residues. Our data suggest that N-linked oligosaccharide chains play a pivotal role in biological activity through the eelLH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Jeju 63610, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Department of Animal Life Science, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea.
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242
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Abstract
Optimal fertility in humans and animals relies on the availability of sufficient metabolic fuels, information about which is communicated to the brain via levels of the hormones leptin and insulin. The circadian clock system is also critical; this input is especially evident in the precise timing of the female-specific surge of GnRH and LH secretion that triggers ovulation the next day. Chronodisruption and metabolic imbalance can both impair reproductive activity, and these two disruptions exacerbate each other, such that they often occur simultaneously. Kisspeptin neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus are able to integrate both circadian and metabolic afferent inputs and use this information to modulate the timing and magnitude of the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge. In an environment in which exposure to high caloric diets and chronodisruptors such as artificial night lighting, shift work, and transmeridian travel have become the norm, the implications of these factors for couples struggling to conceive deserve closer attention and more public education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
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243
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Yang JA, Hughes JK, Parra RA, Volk KM, Kauffman AS. Stress rapidly suppresses in vivo LH pulses and increases activation of RFRP-3 neurons in male mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:339-350. [PMID: 30382693 PMCID: PMC6214202 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Restraint stress is a psychosocial stressor that suppresses reproductive status, including LH pulsatile secretion, but the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying this inhibition remains unclear. Reproductive neural populations upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B and RFRP-3 (GnIH) neurons, are possible targets for psychosocial stress to inhibit LH pulses, but this has not been well examined, especially in mice in which prior technical limitations prevented assessment of in vivo LH pulse secretion dynamics. Here, we examined whether one-time acute restraint stress alters in vivo LH pulsatility and reproductive neural populations in male mice, and what the time-course is for such alterations. We found that endogenous LH pulses in castrated male mice are robustly and rapidly suppressed by one-time, acute restraint stress, with suppression observed as quickly as 12–18 min. This rapid LH suppression parallels with increased in vivo corticosterone levels within 15 min of restraint stress. Although Kiss1, Tac2 and Rfrp gene expression in the hypothalamus did not significantly change after 90 or 180 min restraint stress, arcuate Kiss1 neural activation was significantly decreased after 180 min. Interestingly, hypothalamic Rfrp neuronal activation was strongly increased at early times after restraint stress initiation, but was attenuated to levels lower than controls by 180 min of restraint stress. Thus, the male neuroendocrine reproductive axis is quite sensitive to short-term stress exposure, with significantly decreased pulsatile LH secretion and increased hypothalamic Rfrp neuronal activation occurring rapidly, within minutes, and decreased Kiss1 neuronal activation also occurring after longer stress durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jessica K. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ruby A. Parra
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katrina M. Volk
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
| | - Alexander S. Kauffman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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244
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Abd El-Hakim YM, Mohamed WA, El-Metwally AE. Spirulina platensis attenuates furan reprotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testis of rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:25-33. [PMID: 29857230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a common food contaminant and environmental pollutant. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green algae extensively used as therapeutic and health supplements. This study aimed to explore the probable beneficial role of SP against the influence of furan on reproductive system of male rats. Adult male rats were divided into control, vehicle control, SP (300 mg/kg bwt/ day, 7 days), furan (16 mg/kg bwt/ day,30 day), SP/furan, furan/SP and furan+SP groups. Hematology, sperm count, sperm morphology, serum testosterone (TES), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular enzymes, and pro inflammatory cytokines were estimated. In addition, histopathology of testis and seminal vesicles and apoptosis were evaluated. Anaemia, leukocytosis, and reduced gonadosomatic index were observed in the furan treated group. TES, LH, FSH, E2, and GSH were significantly decreased following furan treatment. MDA, testicular enzymes, and pro inflammatory cytokines were significantly incremented in testis of furan treated rats. Furan induced apoptic changes in testis. SP significantly counteracted furan reprotoxic impacts, particularly at co-exposure. Conclusively, these findings verified that SP could be candidate therapy against furan reprotoxic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd El-Hakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (A.R.R.I.), Giza, Egypt
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245
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Mekircha F, Chebab S, Gabbianelli R, Leghouchi E. The possible ameliorative effect of Olea europaea L. oil against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress and alterations of serum concentrations of thyroid and reproductive hormones in adult female rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:374-382. [PMID: 29902617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether Olea europaea L. (olive) oil (OEO) exerted a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by deltamethrin (DM) and alterations of pituitary, thyroid and gonadal hormones in adult female rats. DM (0,00256 g/kg body weight),OEO (0,6 g/kg body weight) and DM with OEO were administered to rats orally for 28 days. Volatile compounds present in olive oil were analysed by GC-MS. Estradiol (E2), Thyroxine (T4),Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Progesterone (Pg) were measured in serum using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PCs), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels along with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were determined in thyroid and ovarian tissues. Sesquiterpenes, (E,E)-α-farnesene (16.45%) and α-copaene (9,86%), were analysed as the main volatile compounds of OEO. The relative weight of ovaries and thyroid and body weight significantly decreased in rats treated with DM. DM caused significant alterations in TSH, T4, FSH, Pg and E2 levels while T3 and LH concentrations remained unchanged when compared to control. DM also increased significantly LPO and PCs levels. In addition, GSH reserves as well as CAT, GPx, SOD and GST activities were suppressed in DM-received rats. The presence of OEO with DM returned the levels of oxidative stress markers, thyroid and reproductive hormones at the control values. Our results indicate that OEO is a powerful agent able to protect against DM oxidative stress and endocrine changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Mekircha
- Département des Sciences Biologiques de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algerie; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Environnement et Santé, Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, 18000 Jijel, Algerie.
| | - Samira Chebab
- Département des Sciences Biologiques de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algerie; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Environnement et Santé, Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, 18000 Jijel, Algerie
| | | | - Essaid Leghouchi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Environnement et Santé, Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, 18000 Jijel, Algerie; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Phytochimie, Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia, 18000 Jijel, Algerie
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246
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Lin J, Tian F, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang M, Li D, Wang L, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Hans-Jürgen G. Effects of Ziyin Jianghuo Ningxin decoction plus dehydroepiandrosterone and femoston in treatment of patients with menopausal symptoms. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 38:787-796. [PMID: 32185998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the therapeutic effect of Ziyin Jianghuo Ningxin Decoction (ZYJHNXD) plus dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in patients suffering from menopausal symptoms identified as, in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine, symptom pattern of Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire. METHODS Totally 180 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years were assigned into four groups and accepted femoston, femoston with ZYJHNXD, femoston with DHEA, femoston with ZYJHNXD and DHEA therapies, respectively, for three months. Common questionnaire-based measure instruments included modified Kupperman index (MKI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), bone mineral density (BMD), and sleep quality were evaluated before and three months after the treatments. RESULTS In all four groups, the scores of MKI, HAMA, HAMD and the levels of FSH, LH decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after the treatment, while the levels of E2, 5-HIAA, NE, and DA showed obvious elevation (P < 0.05). The group receiving ZYJHNXD and DHEA combined with femoston had superiority in the preservation of bone mineral density and improvement of total sleep time and nighttime sleep time over the other three groups. CONCLUSION ZYJHNXD and DHEA combined with MHT therapy have a favorable outcome in managing menopausal symptoms, restoring hormone levels, preventing skeletal rarefaction or osteoporosis, and improving sleep quality for postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fubo Tian
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lanting Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenling People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Gober Hans-Jürgen
- Department of Pharmacy, Kepler University Clinic, Neuromed Campus, Linz, Austria
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247
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Zeng M, Li M, Li M, Zhang B, Li B, Zhang L, Feng W, Zheng X. 2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092293. [PMID: 30205508 PMCID: PMC6225176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogen-like effects of 2-phenylacetamide (PA), which is the main compound isolated from the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd (LA). Results showed that LA and PA could promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The mouse uterine weight test showed that, LA and PA could increase the uterus index of immature female mice, and the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen (E2). LA could increase the expression of ERα and ERβ, while PA could increase the expression of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in the uterus and MCF-7 cells. In addition, co-incubation of the estrogen receptor blocker with LA or PA abolished the inductive effect of the proliferation. PA has estrogenic activities and was the material basis of LA that played the estrogenic effect. LA and PA might be used for the treatment of perimenopause syndrome in a novel application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Benke Li
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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248
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Abstract
Ovulation is the appropriately timed release of a mature, developmentally competent oocyte from the ovary into the oviduct, where fertilization occurs. Importantly, ovulation is tightly linked with oocyte maturation, demonstrating the interdependency of these two parallel processes, both essential for female fertility. Initiated by pituitary gonadotropins, the ovulatory process is mediated by intrafollicular paracrine factors from the theca, mural, and cumulus granulosa cells, as well as the oocyte itself. The result is the induction of cumulus expansion, proteolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction, which are each required for follicular rupture. These complex intercellular communication networks and the essential ovulatory genes have been well defined in mouse models and are highly conserved in primates, including humans. Importantly, recent discoveries in regulation of ovulation highlight new areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence: Rebecca L. Robker, PhD, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Darryl L Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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249
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Iwami N, Kawamata M, Ozawa N, Yamamoto T, Watanabe E, Moriwaka O, Kamiya H. New trial of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation using dydrogesterone versus a typical GnRH antagonist regimen in assisted reproductive technology. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:663-671. [PMID: 30069600 DOI: 10.1007/s-00404-018-4856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates between a protocol using oral dydrogesterone with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) for progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) and the typical gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist regimen in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). METHODS This was a prospective, controlled study of 251 women who underwent COH for in vitro fertilization between October 2016 and July 2017. The patients were allocated alternately into two groups: a dydrogesterone protocol (study group) and a GnRH antagonist protocol (control group). In study group, dydrogesterone (20 mg/day) plus HMG (150 or 225 IU) were administered simultaneously beginning on days 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle. In both groups, all high-quality embryos were cryopreserved for later transfer. The primary outcome was the ongoing pregnancy rate at 12 weeks per frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) and the secondary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. RESULTS None of the patients experienced a premature luteinizing hormone surge. During the follow-up period, 397 FET cycles were completed. The ongoing pregnancy rates at 12 weeks were 40.0% in study group versus 38.1% in control group (absolute difference 1.9%; 95% CI - 6.83 to 17.2%). The clinical pregnancy rate in study group (52.8%) was also not inferior to that in control group (49.5%; absolute difference 3.3%; 95% CI - 4.02 to 20.2%). CONCLUSIONS The clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in study group were comparable to those in control group. Therefore, PPOS with dydrogesterone is a reasonable option to provide COH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Iwami
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan.
| | - Miho Kawamata
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan
| | - Naoko Ozawa
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan
| | - Osamu Moriwaka
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Kamiya
- Department of Reproductive Health, Kamiya Ladies Clinic, Nittsu Bldg 2nd Floor 2-1, Nishi 2chome, Kita 3jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0003, Japan
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Ma Y, Zhu M, Miao L, Zhang X, Dong X, Zou X. Mercuric Chloride Induced Ovarian Oxidative Stress by Suppressing Nrf2-Keap1 Signal Pathway and its Downstream Genes in Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:185-196. [PMID: 29349677 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on follicular atresia rate, sex hormone secretion, and ovarian oxidative stress in laying hens. Antioxidant enzyme genes and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signal pathway were further studied to uncover the molecular mechanism. A total of 768 40-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to four treatments with eight pens per treatment and 24 hens of each pen. The birds were fed with four experimental diets containing graded levels of mercury (Hg) at 0.280, 3.325, 9.415, and 27.240 mg/kg, respectively. Results revealed that a positive relationship occurred between the accumulation of Hg in ovary and follicular atresia rate. Progesterone (P4) level significantly decreased in all Hg-treatment groups (P < 0.05), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were the lowest in the 27.240-mg/kg Hg group. Besides, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxidative dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly decreased in all Hg-treatment groups (P < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content sharply increased in the 27.240-mg/kg Hg group (P < 0.05). In addition, there were positive relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant gene expressions or between antioxidant gene expressions and Nrf2 mRNA expression, while negative correlations occurred between Nrf2 and Keap1 at transcription and protein levels. It could be concluded that Hg induced ovarian function disorders and ovarian oxidative stress by means of impairing the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathway in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingkun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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