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Zhang MY, Wei TT, Han C, Tan CY, Xie TH, Cai J, Yao Y, Zhu L. YAP O-GlcNAcylation contributes to corneal epithelial cell ferroptosis under cigarette smoke exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124764. [PMID: 39154884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is an important indoor air pollutant associated with an increased risk of ocular surface disease. As the eye's outermost layer, the cornea is highly sensitive to air pollutants like CS. However, the specific mechanisms linking CS exposure to corneal dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that CS exposure damages corneal epithelial cells, accompanied by increased iron (Fe2+) levels and lipid peroxidation, both hallmarks of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis inhibitors, including Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), protect against CS-induced cell damage. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated how CS affects iron and lipid metabolism. Our results showed that CS could upregulate intracellular iron levels by increasing TFRC expression and promote lipid peroxidation by increasing ACSL4 expression. Silencing ACSL4 or TFRC expression prevented CS-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found that the upregulation of TFRC and ACSL4 was driven by increased YAP transcription. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of YAP effectively prevented corneal epithelial cell ferroptosis under CS stimulation. Additionally, our results suggest that CS exposure could increase O-GlcNAc transferase activity, leading to YAP O-GlcNAcylation. This glycosylation of YAP interfered with its K48-linked ubiquitination, resulting in YAP stabilization. Collectively, we found that CS exposure induces corneal epithelial cell ferroptosis via the YAP O-GlcNAcylation, and provide evidence that CS exposure is a strong risk factor for ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tian-Hua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
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Chatterjee I, Hilal B. Investigating the association between symptoms and functional activity in brain regions in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional fmri-based neuroimaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 344:111870. [PMID: 39142172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a persistent neurological disorder profoundly affecting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions, prominently characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech, and abnormal motor activity. These symptoms often present diagnostic challenges due to their overlap with other forms of psychosis. Therefore, the implementation of automated diagnostic methodologies is imperative. This research leverages Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), a neuroimaging modality capable of delineating functional activations across diverse brain regions. Furthermore, the utilization of evolving machine learning techniques for fMRI data analysis has significantly progressive. Here, our study stands as a novel attempt, focusing on the comprehensive assessment of both classical and atypical symptoms of schizophrenia. We aim to uncover associated changes in brain functional activity. Our study encompasses two distinct fMRI datasets (1.5T and 3T), each comprising 34 schizophrenia patients for the 1.5T dataset and 25 schizophrenia patients for the 3T dataset, along with an equal number of healthy controls. Machine learning algorithms are applied to assess data subsets, enabling an in-depth evaluation of the current functional condition concerning symptom impact. The identified voxels contribute to determining the brain regions most influenced by each symptom, as quantified by symptom intensity. This rigorous approach has yielded various new findings while maintaining an impressive classification accuracy rate of 97 %. By elucidating variations in activation patterns across multiple brain regions in individuals with schizophrenia, this study contributes to the understanding of functional brain changes associated with the disorder. The insights gained may inform differential clinical interventions and provide a means of assessing symptom severity accurately, offering new avenues for the management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chatterjee
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Technology, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Bisma Hilal
- Department of Information Technology, Cluster University, Srinagar, India
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3
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Chatterjee I, Baumgärtner L. Unveiling Functional Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: Insights from Region of Interest Analysis Using Machine Learning. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:179. [PMID: 39344241 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2309179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex and disabling mental disorder that represents one of the most important challenges for neuroimaging research. There were many attempts to understand these basic mechanisms behind the disorder, yet we know very little. By employing machine learning techniques with age-matched samples from the auditory oddball task using multi-site functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, this study aims to address these challenges. METHODS The study employed a three-stage model to gain a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying schizophrenia and techniques that could be applied for diagnosis. At first, we constructed four-level hierarchical sets from each fMRI volume of 34 schizophrenia patients (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) individually in terms of hemisphere, gyrus, lobes, and Brodmann areas. Second, we employed statistical methods, namely, t-tests and Pearson's correlation, to assess the group differences in cortical activation. Finally, we assessed the predictive power of the brain regions for machine learning algorithms using K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Bayes, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). RESULTS Our investigation depicts promising results, obtaining an accuracy of up to 84% when applying Pearson's correlation-selected features at lobes and Brodmann region level (81% for Gyrus), as well as Hemispheres involving different stages. Thus, the results of our study were consistent with previous studies that have revealed some functional abnormalities in several brain regions. We also discovered the involvement of other brain regions which were never sufficiently studied in previous literature, such as the posterior lobe (posterior cerebellum), Pyramis, and Brodmann Area 34. CONCLUSIONS We present a unique and comprehensive approach to investigating the neurological basis of schizophrenia in this study. By bridging the gap between neuroimaging and computable analysis, we aim to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with schizophrenia and identify potential prognostic markers for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chatterjee
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, M1 5GD Manchester, UK
- School of Technology, Woxsen University, 502345 Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Lea Baumgärtner
- Department of Media, Hochschule der Medien, University of Applied Science, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Saridakis I, Klose I, Jones BT, Maulide N. Hydride Shuttle Catalysis: From Conventional to Inverse Mode. JACS AU 2024; 4:3358-3369. [PMID: 39328743 PMCID: PMC11423322 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydride shuttle catalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic platform, enabling the selective formation of C-C bonds to yield sp3-rich structures. By virtue of the compelling reactivity of sterically encumbered Lewis acids from the frustrated Lewis pair regime, hydride shuttle catalysis enables the regioselective functionalization of alkyl amines at either the α- or β-position. In contrast to classical Lewis acid reactivity, the increased steric hindrance prevents interaction with the Lewis basic amine itself, instead leading to reversible abstraction of a hydride from the amine α-carbon. The created positive charge facilitates the occurrence of transformations before hydride rebound or a similar capture event happen. In this Perspective, we outline a broad selection of transformations featuring hydride shuttle catalysis, as well as the recently developed approach of inverse hydride shuttle catalysis. Both strategies give rise to a wide array of functionalized amines and offer elegant approaches to otherwise elusive bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Saridakis
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Immo Klose
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin T. Jones
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Ben-Azu B, Fokoua AR, Annafi OS, Adebayo OG, Del Re EC, Okuchukwu N, Aregbesola GJ, Ejenavi AEC, Isiwele DM, Efezino AJ, Okpu ID. Effective action of silymarin against ketamine-induced schizophrenia in male mice: Insight into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 179:141-155. [PMID: 39293119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurochemical dysregulations resulting from N-methyl-D-aspartate hypofunction (NMDA), are exacerbated by neuroimmune and oxidative stress and are known risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia-like diseases. Here, we investigate the protective and curative effects, and mechanisms of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with neuroprotective functions in preventive-reversal model of ketamine, an NMDA antagonist in mice. METHODS Mice were grouped into 6 cohorts (n = 9). In the pre-treatment, groups 1 and 2 received saline (10 mL/kg/p.o.), groups 3 and 4 (silymarin, 50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o.), and group 5 (risperidone, 0.5 mg/kg/p.o.) consecutively for 14 days, then combined with ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p.) injection in groups 2-5 from days 8-14. However, mice in reversal study received intraperitoneal injection of ketamine for 14 days before silymarin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment between days 8-14. The consequences on schizophrenia-like behavior, neurochemistry, inflammation, and oxidative/nitrergic stress markers were evaluated in critical brain regions of the disease. RESULTS Silymarin prevented and reversed ketamine-induced increase in dopamine, 5-hydroxyltryptamine, acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. These were accompanied by improvement in hyperlocomotion, stereotypy, memory, and social impairments, notably devoid of cataleptogenic potential. Complementarily, silymarin reduced myeloperoxidase, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 concentrations relative to the ketamine group. Moreover, ketamine-induced decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glutathione, catalase, superoxide-dismutase levels were normalized by silymarin in the brain regions relative to ketamine. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that silymarin's antipsychotic effect might be primarily associated, among other mechanisms, with the normalization of neurochemical and neurotrophic changes in the mice brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Canada.
| | - Aliance R Fokoua
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Research Unit of Neuroinflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Olajide S Annafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C Del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nneka Okuchukwu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gbemileke J Aregbesola
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Akpor-Esiri C Ejenavi
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - David M Isiwele
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Arausi J Efezino
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ifelunwa D Okpu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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Jati A, Mahato AK, Chanda D, Kumar P, Banerjee R, Maji B. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Fluorination by Quinone-Based Isoreticular Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23923-23932. [PMID: 39148225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The strategic incorporation of fluorine atoms into molecules has become a cornerstone of modern pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Herein, we have developed a covalent organic framework (COF)-based, robust photocatalyst that enables the photofluorodecarboxylation reaction of diverse carboxylic acids, producing alkyl fluorides with remarkable efficiency. The catalytic activity of an anthraquinone-based COF catalyst TpAQ outperforms other structurally analogous β-ketoenamine COFs. Through comprehensive control experiments, photoluminescence, and electrochemical studies, we have elucidated the unique features of the material and the mechanistic pathway. This in-depth understanding has paved the way for optimizing the reaction conditions and achieving high yields of alkyl fluorides. The versatility of this protocol extends to a broad range of aliphatic acids with diverse functional groups and heterocycles. It also enabled the late-stage diversification of anti-inflammatory drugs and steroid derivatives. This opens up exciting possibilities for synthesizing novel pharmaceuticals and functionalized molecules. The methodology was also generalized to other light-mediated decarboxylative halogenation reactions. Furthermore, our method demonstrates scalability under both batch and continuous flow conditions, offering a promising approach for large-scale production. Additionally, the TpAQ catalyst exhibits exceptional durability and can be reused multiple times without significant activity loss (>80% yield after the eighth cycle), making it a sustainable and cost-effective solution. This work lays the foundation for developing efficient and sustainable light-driven synthesis methods using COFs as photocatalysts with potential applications beyond alkyl halide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Jati
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Durba Chanda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Alazzawı A, Aljumaili S, Duru AD, Uçan ON, Bayat O, Coelho PJ, Pires IM. Schizophrenia diagnosis based on diverse epoch size resting-state EEG using machine learning. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e2170. [PMID: 39314693 PMCID: PMC11419632 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that impairs a person's mental, social, and emotional faculties gradually. Detection in the early stages with an accurate diagnosis is crucial to remedying the patients. This study proposed a new method to classify schizophrenia disease in the rest state based on neurologic signals achieved from the brain by electroencephalography (EEG). The datasets used consisted of 28 subjects, 14 for each group, which are schizophrenia and healthy control. The data was collected from the scalps with 19 EEG channels using a 250 Hz frequency. Due to the brain signal variation, we have decomposed the EEG signals into five sub-bands using a band-pass filter, ensuring the best signal clarity and eliminating artifacts. This work was performed with several scenarios: First, traditional techniques were applied. Secondly, augmented data (additive white Gaussian noise and stretched signals) were utilized. Additionally, we assessed Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) as the features reduction method. All these data scenarios are applied with three different window sizes (epochs): 1, 2, and 5 s, utilizing six algorithms to extract features: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Approximate Entropy (ApEn), Log Energy entropy (LogEn), Shannon Entropy (ShnEn), and kurtosis. The L2-normalization method was applied to the derived features, positively affecting the results. In terms of classification, we applied four algorithms: K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and ensemble classifier (EC). From all the scenarios, our evaluation showed that SVM had remarkable results in all evaluation metrics with LogEn features utilizing a 1-s window size, impacting the diagnosis of Schizophrenia disease. This indicates that an accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia can be achieved through the right features and classification model selection. Finally, we contrasted our results to recently published works using the same and a different dataset, where our method showed a notable improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Alazzawı
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saif Aljumaili
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Deniz Duru
- Neuroscience and Psychology Research in Sports Lab, Faculty of Sport Science, Marmara University Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Nuri Uçan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Bayat
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulo Jorge Coelho
- Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers at Coimbra (INESC Coimbra), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Miguel Pires
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Águeda, Universidade de Aveiro, Águeda, Portugal
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Saptal VB, Ranjan P, Zbořil R, Nowicki M, Walkowiak J. Magnetically Recyclable Borane Lewis Acid Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of Imines and Reductive Amination of Carbonyls. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400058. [PMID: 38630961 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated arylborane-based Lewis acid catalysts have shown remarkable activity and serve as ideal examples of transition metal-free catalysts for diverse organic transformations. However, their homogeneous nature poses challenges in terms of recyclability and separation from reaction mixtures. This work presents an efficient technique for the heterogenization of boron Lewis acid catalysts by anchoring Piers' borane to allyl-functionalized iron oxide. This catalyst demonstrates excellent activity in the hydrosilylation of imines and the reductive amination of carbonyls using various silanes as reducing agents under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst exhibits broad tolerance towards a wide range of functional substrates. Furthermore, it exhibits good recyclability and can be easily separated from the products using an external magnetic field. This work represents a significant advance in the development of sustainable heterogenous metal-free catalysts for organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B Saptal
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Poznań, 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Prabodh Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, 208016
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CEET, Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nowicki
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Poznań, 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Poznań, 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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9
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Bansal V, Chatterjee I. From bean to brain: Coffee, gray matter, and neuroprotection in neurological disorders spectrum. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 289:169-180. [PMID: 39168579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Coffee is a popular drink enjoyed around the world, and scientists are very interested in studying how it affects the human brain. This chapter looks at lots of different studies to understand how drinking coffee might change the brain and help protect it from neurodegenerative disorders especially like schizophrenia. With the help of available literature a link between the coffee mechanism and neurodegenerative disorders is established in this chapter. Researchers have found that drinking coffee can change the size of certain parts of the brain that control things like thinking and mood. Scientists also study how coffee's ingredients, especially caffeine, can change how the brain works. They think these changes could help protect the brain from diseases. This chapter focuses on how coffee might affect people with schizophrenia as hallucination is caused during and after excess consumption of caffeine. There's still a lot we don't know, but researchers are learning more by studying how different people's brains respond to coffee over time. Overall, this chapter shows that studying coffee and the brain could lead to new ways to help people with brain disorders. This study also draws ideas for future research and ways to help people stay healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Videsha Bansal
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Indranath Chatterjee
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
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10
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Petric PS, Ifteni P, Popa AV, Teodorescu A. Cerebral Computed Tomographic Findings in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Hyperprolactinemia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1343. [PMID: 38998877 PMCID: PMC11241017 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications are essential for managing severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia, which impacts about 1% of the global population. Despite efficacy, in some cases, they can induce hyperprolactinemia, affecting roughly half of the patients. The prevalence of this condition varies with the specific medication used. Although prolactinomas are rare among schizophrenia patients, treating them with dopamine agonists poses conflicts with antipsychotic medication, necessitating careful monitoring and adjustments. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of brain tumors, prolactinomas, and other structural brain changes in schizophrenia patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics using cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 152 hospitalized patients diagnosed between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2024. Evaluations included cerebral CT scans, prolactin level assessments, and the monitoring of side effects. Patients, with an average age of 42.79 years and an illness duration of 17.89 years, predominantly received olanzapine (46.05%) and risperidone (36.84%). Side effects, reported by 61.78% of patients, included tremors, dizziness, and weight gain. Abnormal prolactin levels were observed in 53.95% of patients, more prevalent in females on risperidone and in both genders on olanzapine. No prolactinomas were detected on CT scans. Managing hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenia patients undergoing antipsychotic therapy is essential to prevent long-term complications and to ensure treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Simina Petric
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Petru Ifteni
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Andreea Violeta Popa
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Andreea Teodorescu
- Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania din Brașov, Bulevardul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (P.S.P.); (A.V.P.); (A.T.)
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie și Neurologie Brașov, Str. Prundului No. 7-9, 500123 Brașov, Romania
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11
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Jones BT, Maulide N. Lewis Acid-Driven Inverse Hydride Shuttle Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320001. [PMID: 38551113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Inverse hydride shuttle catalysis provides a multicomponent platform for the highly efficient synthesis of alkaloid frameworks with exquisite diastereoselectivity. However, a number of limitations hinder this method, primarily the strict requirement for highly electron-deficient acceptors. Herein, we present a general Lewis acid-driven approach to address this constraint, and have developed two broad strategies enabling the modular synthesis of complex azabicycles that were entirely unattainable using the previous method. The enhanced synthetic flexibility facilitates a streamlined asymmetric cyclization, leading to a concise total synthesis of the alkaloid (-)-tashiromine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jones
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Gu SY, Shi FC, Wang S, Wang CY, Yao XX, Sun YF, Luo CX, Liu WT, Hu JB, Chen F, Pan PL, Li WH. Altered cortical thickness and structural covariance networks in chronic low back pain. Brain Res Bull 2024; 212:110968. [PMID: 38679110 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite regional brain structural changes having been reported in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), the topological properties of structural covariance networks (SCNs), which refer to the organization of the SCNs, remain unclear. This study applied graph theoretical analysis to explore the alterations of the topological properties of SCNs, aiming to comprehend the integration and separation of SCNs in patients with CLBP. METHODS A total of 38 patients with CLBP and 38 healthy controls (HCs), balanced for age and sex, were scanned using three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The cortical thickness was extracted from 68 brain regions, according to the Desikan-Killiany atlas, and used to reconstruct the SCNs. Subsequently, graph theoretical analysis was employed to evaluate the alterations of the topological properties in the SCNs of patients with CLBP. RESULTS In comparison to HCs, patients with CLBP had less cortical thickness in the left superior frontal cortex. Additionally, the cortical thickness of the left superior frontal cortex was negatively correlated with the Visual Analogue Scale scores of patients with CLBP. Furthermore, patients with CLBP, relative to HCs, exhibited lower global efficiency and small-worldness, as well as a longer characteristic path length. This indicates a decline in the brain's capacity to transmit and process information, potentially impacting the processing of pain signals in patients with CLBP and contributing to the development of CLBP. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, nodal efficiency, nodal betweenness centrality, or nodal degree between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS From the regional cortical thickness to the complex brain network level, our study demonstrated changes in the cortical thickness and topological properties of the SCNs in patients with CLBP, thus aiding in a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Gu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Feng-Chao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Xin-Xin Yao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Chuan-Xu Luo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Wan-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Jian-Bin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Ping-Lei Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China; The Affiliated Yancheng Maternity&Child Health Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical School, PR China.
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13
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Zhang YN, Shi HY, Shen WQ, Shi JH, Zhu YP, Xu YH, Wu HL. Effect of varying cuff sizes with identical inner diameter on endotracheal intubation in critically ill adults: A sealed tracheal controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38326. [PMID: 38875381 PMCID: PMC11175911 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to determine the impact of different cuff diameters on the cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) when the trachea is adequately sealed. METHODS In the present single-center clinical trial, adult patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery were assigned to use ETTs from 2 brands (GME and GZW). The primary endpoint comprised of the following: cuff diameter, inner diameter of the ETT, manufacturer, and the number of subjects with tracheal leakage when the cuff pressure was 30 cm H2O. RESULTS A total of 298 patients were assigned into 2 groups, based on the 2 distinct brands of ETTs: experimental group (n = 122, GME brand) and control group (n = 176, GZW brand). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. However, the cuff diameter was significantly smaller in the control group, when compared to the experimental group (P = .001), and the incidence of tracheal leakage was significantly higher in the control group (P = .001). Furthermore, the GME brand ETT had a significantly larger cuff diameter, when compared to the GZW brand ETT. CONCLUSION The cuff size would mismatch the tracheal area in clinical practice. Therefore, chest computed tomography is recommended to routinely evaluate the tracheal cross-sectional area during anesthesia, in order to ensure the appropriate cuff size selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Zhang
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- Nursing Department, The People's Hospital of Rugao, and Affiliated Rugao Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang-Qin Shen
- Nursing Department, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Hai Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit, Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang-Hui Xu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Lei Wu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Liang P, Wei J, Wei Y, Wang X, Liu F, Wang T. Hetero Diels-Alder reactions of isolable N-borylenamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5964-5967. [PMID: 38767204 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A new strategy for N-borylenamines by reaction of 2-alkynyl benzyl azides with B(C6F5)3 was developed. This novel 1,3-carboboration reaction proceeded via a 5-exo-dig cyclization/formal 1,1-carboboration/B(C6F5)2 shift reaction sequence. Additionally, N-borylenamines can undergo hetero Diels-Alder (HDA) reactions with a variety of dienophiles. Our results are an attractive complement to HDA reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Junhui Wei
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yongliang Wei
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Tongdao Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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15
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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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16
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Hisata Y, Washio T, Takizawa S, Ogoshi S, Hoshimoto Y. In-silico-assisted derivatization of triarylboranes for the catalytic reductive functionalization of aniline-derived amino acids and peptides with H 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3708. [PMID: 38714662 PMCID: PMC11076482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cheminformatics-based machine learning (ML) has been employed to determine optimal reaction conditions, including catalyst structures, in the field of synthetic chemistry. However, such ML-focused strategies have remained largely unexplored in the context of catalytic molecular transformations using Lewis-acidic main-group elements, probably due to the absence of a candidate library and effective guidelines (parameters) for the prediction of the activity of main-group elements. Here, the construction of a triarylborane library and its application to an ML-assisted approach for the catalytic reductive alkylation of aniline-derived amino acids and C-terminal-protected peptides with aldehydes and H2 is reported. A combined theoretical and experimental approach identified the optimal borane, i.e., B(2,3,5,6-Cl4-C6H)(2,6-F2-3,5-(CF3)2-C6H)2, which exhibits remarkable functional-group compatibility toward aniline derivatives in the presence of 4-methyltetrahydropyran. The present catalytic system generates H2O as the sole byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Hisata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Washio
- Department of Reasoning for Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence Research Center, SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Artificial Intelligence Research Center, SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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17
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Mostafavi M, Ko SB, Shokouhi SB, Ayatollahi A. Transfer learning and self-distillation for automated detection of schizophrenia using single-channel EEG and scalogram images. Phys Eng Sci Med 2024:10.1007/s13246-024-01420-1. [PMID: 38652347 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-024-01420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) has been acknowledged as a highly intricate mental disorder for a long time. In fact, individuals with SZ experience a blurred line between fantasy and reality, leading to a lack of awareness about their condition, which can pose significant challenges during the treatment process. Due to the importance of the issue, timely diagnosis of this illness can not only assist patients and their families in managing the condition but also enable early intervention, which may help prevent its advancement. EEG is a widely utilized technique for investigating mental disorders like SZ due to its non-invasive nature, affordability, and wide accessibility. In this study, our main goal is to develop an optimized system that can achieve automatic diagnosis of SZ with minimal input information. To optimize the system, we adopted a strategy of using single-channel EEG signals and integrated knowledge distillation and transfer learning techniques into the model. This approach was designed to improve the performance and efficiency of our proposed method for SZ diagnosis. Additionally, to leverage the pre-trained models effectively, we converted the EEG signals into images using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). This transformation allowed us to harness the capabilities of pre-trained models in the image domain, enabling automatic SZ detection with enhanced efficiency. To achieve a more robust estimate of the model's performance, we employed fivefold cross-validation. The accuracy achieved from the 5-s records of the EEG signal, along with the combination of self-distillation and VGG16 for the P4 channel, is 97.81. This indicates a high level of accuracy in diagnosing SZ using the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mostafavi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seok-Bum Ko
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Shahriar Baradaran Shokouhi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ayatollahi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Winfrey L, Yun L, Passeri G, Suntharalingam K, Pulis AP. H 2 O ⋅ B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 -Catalyzed para-Alkylation of Anilines with Alkenes Applied to Late-Stage Functionalization of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303130. [PMID: 38224207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Anilines are core motifs in a variety of important molecules including medicines, materials and agrochemicals. We report a straightforward procedure that allows access to new chemical space of anilines via their para-C-H alkylation. The method utilizes commercially available catalytic H2 O ⋅ B(C6 F5 )3 and is highly selective for para-C-alkylation (over N-alkylation and ortho-C-alkylation) of anilines, with a wide scope in both the aniline substrates and alkene coupling partners. Readily available alkenes are used, and include new classes of alkene for the first time. The mild reaction conditions have allowed the procedure to be applied to the late-stage-functionalization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including fenamic acids and diclofenac. The formed novel NSAID derivatives display improved anti-inflammatory properties over the parent NSAID structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Winfrey
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Yun
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ginevra Passeri
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander P Pulis
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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19
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Shu X, Liu Y, He F, Gong Y, Li J. A bibliometric and visualized analysis of the pathogenesis of cataracts from 1999 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26044. [PMID: 38390089 PMCID: PMC10881887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of cataracts is ongoing and the number of publications on this topic is increasing annually. This study offers an overview of the research status, popular topics, and scholarly tendencies in the field of cataract pathogenesis over recent decades,which helps to guide future research directions, and optimize resource allocation. In the present study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of cataract pathogenesis. Publications from January 1, 1999, to December 20, 2023, were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and the extracted data were quantified and analyzed. We analyzed and presented the data using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Python. In all, 4006 articles were evaluated based on various characteristics, including publication year, authors, countries, institutions, journals, citations, and keywords. This study utilized VOSviewer to conduct visualized analysis, including co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, and network visualization. The CiteSpace software was used to identify keywords with significant bursts of activity. The number of annual global publications climbed from 76 to 277 between 1999 and 2023, a 264.47% rise. Experimental Eye Research published the most manuscripts (178 publications), whereas Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science received the most citations (6675 citations). The most influential and productive country, institution, and author were the United States (1244 publications, 54,456 citations), University of California system (136 publications, 5401 citations), and Yao Ke (49 publications, 838 citations), respectively. The top 100 ranked keywords are divided into four clusters through co-occurrence analysis: (1) secondary cataracts, (2) oxidative stress, (3) gene mutations and protein abnormalities, and (4) alteration of biological processes in lens epithelial cells. Further discussions on the four subtopics outline the research topics and trends. In conclusion, the specific mechanism of cataract formation remains a popular topic for future research and should be explored in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
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20
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Luo J, Luo Z, Zhang B, Zhao Q, Liu L, Liu Y. B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 -Catalyzed [2+3]-Cyclative o,m-diC-H Functionalization of Phenols. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301595. [PMID: 37759356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free catalytic C-H functionalization is highly desired for the construction of C-C bonds. We herein report a highly chemoselective consecutive C-H [2+3]-cyclative functionalization for the simultaneous formation of two C-C bonds with construction of polycyclic phenols catalyzed by commercially available and low-cost B(C6 F5 )3 . This catalytic system tolerates a wide range of substrate scope, providing a series of 2,6,7,8-tetrahydroacenaphthylen-3-ol-type polycyclic compounds efficiently. Several derivatizations of the catalytic products have also been conducted to show the potential application of this method in synthesis of polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhou Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Biqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Xu S, Zhang Q, Li Y, Luo C, Lai R, Guo L, Hai L, Lv G, Wu Y. Pathway to Construct α-Acyloxy Esters by B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed O-H Insertion of Carboxylic Acids with Sulfoxonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15335-15349. [PMID: 37875403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example of B(C6F5)3-catalyzed O-H insertion reaction of sulfoxonium ylides and carboxylic acids, achieving efficient construction of diester moieties under metal-free condition. This protocol is characterized by broad substrate tolerance, particularly for various phenylacetic acids, and good compatibility with water/air condition, which is superior to most other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Cankun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Lai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, third Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
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22
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Yan M, Xiao L, Xiong J, Jin L, Stephan DW, Guo J. Borane catalyzed transesterification of tert-butyl esters using α-aryl α-diazoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8279-8283. [PMID: 37812087 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The B(C6F5)3-catalyzed transesterification of a series of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles and other unsaturated tert-butyl esters with aryl-diazo esters is reported. This protocol is facile and generally high yielding proceeding under mild conditions and is remarkably chemoselective leaving the CC bonds intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maying Yan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiangkun Xiong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lvnan Jin
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
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Shahzadi S, Butt NA, Sana MU, Pascual IE, Urbano MB, Díez IDLT, Ashraf I. Voxel Extraction and Multiclass Classification of Identified Brain Regions across Various Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Using Machine Learning Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2871. [PMID: 37761238 PMCID: PMC10527683 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate how different brain regions are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) at various phases of the disease, using independent component analysis (ICA). The study examines six regions in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, four in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), six in the moderate stage, and six in the severe stage. The precuneus, cuneus, middle frontal gyri, calcarine cortex, superior medial frontal gyri, and superior frontal gyri were the areas impacted at all phases. A general linear model (GLM) is used to extract the voxels of the previously mentioned regions. The resting fMRI data for 18 AD patients who had advanced from MCI to stage 3 of the disease were obtained from the ADNI public source database. The subjects include eight women and ten men. The voxel dataset is used to train and test ten machine learning algorithms to categorize the MCI, mild, moderate, and severe stages of Alzheimer's disease. The accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score were used as conventional scoring measures to evaluate the classification outcomes. AdaBoost fared better than the other algorithms and obtained a phenomenal accuracy of 98.61%, precision of 99.00%, and recall and F1 scores of 98.00% each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Shahzadi
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (S.S.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Naveed Anwer Butt
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (S.S.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Sana
- Department of Information Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Iñaki Elío Pascual
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.P.); (M.B.U.)
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Bié, Angola
- Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Mercedes Briones Urbano
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.P.); (M.B.U.)
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA
| | - Isabel de la Torre Díez
- Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, Unviersity of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Imran Ashraf
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Huang Y, Lin Q, Tan X, Jia L, Li H, Zhu Z, Fu C, Wang L, Liu L, Mao M, Yi Z, Ma D, Li X. Rehmannia alcohol extract inhibits neuropeptide secretion and alleviates osteoarthritis pain through cartilage protection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19322. [PMID: 37674829 PMCID: PMC10477487 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by chronic pain, and the perception of pain is closely associated with brain function and neuropeptide regulation. Rehmannia is common plant herb with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that is used to treat OA. However, it is unclear whether Rehmannia alleviates OA-related pain via regulation of neuropeptides and brain function. We examined the pain relief regulatory pathway in OA after treatment with Rehmannia by verifying the therapeutic effect of Rehmannia alcohol extract in vivo and vitro and exploring of the potential mechanism underlying the analgesic effect of Rahmanian using functional magnetic resonance imaging and measuring neuropeptide secretion. Our results showed that Rehmannia alcohol extract and the related active ingredient, Rehmannioside D, can delay cartilage degradation and alleviate inflammation in OA rats. The Rehmannia alcohol extract can also relieve OA pain, reduce the secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), and reverse the pathological changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our research results demonstrate that Rehmannia alleviates OA pain by protecting cartilage, preventing the stimulation of inflammatory factors on neuropeptide secretion, and influencing the relevant functional areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xue Tan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Liangliang Jia
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hui Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- College of Pharmacy Science, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zaishi Zhu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Changlong Fu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Linlong Liu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Min Mao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhouping Yi
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Dezun Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xihai Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
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25
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Mechlińska A, Wiglusz MS, Słupski J, Włodarczyk A, Cubała WJ. Exploring the Relationship between Mood Disorders and Coexisting Health Conditions: The Focus on Nutraceuticals. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1262. [PMID: 37759862 PMCID: PMC10526332 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are the leading causes of global disability. Approximately 50% of patients fail to attain remission, prompting a pronounced focus on the significance of dietary patterns and specific nutrients within the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The connection between chronic diseases and mood disorders follows a bidirectional pattern: physical ailments are interrelated with affective disorders, and, concurrently, mood symptoms often precede chronic diseases and have the potential to worsen their prognosis. Nutraceuticals affect factors that could potentially impact the onset of mood disorders: monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and sleep quality. Furthermore, mood disorders rarely manifest in isolation. Typically, such patients concurrently experience other mental disorders or somatic comorbidities: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), etc., where providing nutritional support is also pertinent. To optimize the therapeutic approach for individuals with mood disorders, incorporating nutritional support may not solely ameliorate symptoms stemming directly from the mental condition, but also indirectly through interventions targeting comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mechlińska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.S.W.); (J.S.); (A.W.)
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Akram MO, Martin CD, Dutton JL. The Effect of Carborane Substituents on the Lewis Acidity of Boranes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13495-13504. [PMID: 37560972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis acidity of primary, secondary, and tertiary boranes with phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, and all three isomers of the C-substituted icosahedral carboranes (ortho, meta, and para) was investigated by computing their fluoride, hydride, and ammonia affinities as well as their global electrophilicity indices and LUMO energies. From these calculations, it was determined that the substituent effects on the Lewis acidity of these boranes follow the trend of ortho-carborane > meta-carborane > para-carborane > C6F5 > C6H5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjur O Akram
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jason L Dutton
- La Trobe University, Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria 3086,Australia
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27
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Mancinelli JP, Kong WY, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Borane-Catalyzed C-F Bond Functionalization of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes Enables the Synthesis of Orphaned Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17389-17397. [PMID: 37494703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose an approach to synthesize tert-alkyl cyclopropanes by leveraging C-F bond functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropenes using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalysis. The reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of a fluorocyclopropenium ion, which was confirmed by the isolation of [Ph2(C6D5)C3]+[(C6F5)3BF]-. We found that silylketene acetal nucleophiles were optimal reaction partners with fluorocyclopropenium ion intermediates yielding fully substituted cyclopropenes functionalized with two α-tert-alkyl centers (63-93% yield). The regioselectivity of the addition to cyclopropenium ions is controlled by their steric and electronic properties and enables access to 3,3-bis(difluoromethyl)cyclopropenes in short order. The resulting cyclopropene products are readily reduced to the corresponding orphaned cyclopropanes under hydrogenation conditions. Quantum chemical calculations reveal the nature of the C-F bond cleavage steps and provide evidence for catalysis by boron and not silylated oxonium ions, though Si-F bond formation is the enthalpic driving force for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Mancinelli
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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28
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Chatterjee I, Baumgartner L, Cho M. Detection of brain regions responsible for chronic pain in osteoarthritis: an fMRI-based neuroimaging study using deep learning. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1195923. [PMID: 37333009 PMCID: PMC10273207 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1195923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic pain is a multifaceted condition that has yet to be fully comprehended. It is frequently linked with a range of disorders, particularly osteoarthritis (OA), which arises from the progressive deterioration of the protective cartilage that cushions the bone endings over time. Methods In this paper, we examine the impact of chronic pain on the brain using advanced deep learning (DL) algorithms that leverage resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from both OA pain patients and healthy controls. Our study encompasses fMRI data from 51 pain patients and 20 healthy subjects. To differentiate chronic pain-affected OA patients from healthy controls, we introduce a DL-based computer-aided diagnosis framework that incorporates Multi-Layer Perceptron and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), separately. Results Among the examined algorithms, we discovered that CNN outperformed the others and achieved a notable accuracy rate of nearly 85%. In addition, our investigation scrutinized the brain regions affected by chronic pain and successfully identified several regions that have not been mentioned in previous literature, including the occipital lobe, the superior frontal gyrus, the cuneus, the middle occipital gyrus, and the culmen. Discussion This pioneering study explores the applicability of DL algorithms in pinpointing the differentiating brain regions in OA patients who experience chronic pain. The outcomes of our research could make a significant contribution to medical research on OA pain patients and facilitate fMRI-based pain recognition, ultimately leading to enhanced clinical intervention for chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chatterjee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- School of Technology, Woxsen University, Telangana, India
| | - Lea Baumgartner
- Department of Computer Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Media, Hochschule der Medien, University of Applied Science, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Migyung Cho
- Department of Game Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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29
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Xiao Y, Tang L, Xu TT, Sheng JYH, Zhou Z, Yue L, Wang G, Oestreich M, Feng JJ. Atom-economic and stereoselective catalytic synthesis of fully substituted enol esters/carbonates of amides in acyclic systems enabled by boron Lewis acid catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5608-5618. [PMID: 37265723 PMCID: PMC10231430 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboacyloxylation of internal alkynes is emerging as a powerful and straightforward strategy for enol ester synthesis. However, the reported examples come with limitations, including the utilization of noble metal catalysts, the control of regio- and Z/E selectivity, and an application in the synthesis of enol carbonates. Herein, a boron Lewis acid-catalyzed intermolecular carboacyloxylation of ynamides with esters to access fully substituted acyclic enol esters in high yield with generally high Z/E selectivity (up to >96 : 4) is reported. Most importantly, readily available allylic carbonates are also compatible with this difunctionalization reaction, representing an atom-economic, catalytic and stereoselective protocol for the construction of acyclic β,β-disubstituted enol carbonates of amides for the first time. The application of the carboacyloxylation products to decarboxylative allylations provided a ready access to enantioenriched α-quaternary amides. Moreover, experimental studies and theoretical calculations were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism and rationalize the stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Yi-Hui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Zhou
- College of Biology, Mass Spectrometry Lab of Bio-Chemistry, Hunan University P. R. China
| | - Lei Yue
- College of Biology, Mass Spectrometry Lab of Bio-Chemistry, Hunan University P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany https://www.tu.berlin/en/organometallics
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
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30
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Zou CP, Ma T, Qiao XX, Wu XX, Li G, He Y, Zhao XJ. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed β-C(sp 3)-H alkylation of tertiary amines with 2-aryl-3 H-indol-3-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4393-4397. [PMID: 37161837 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The β-C-H functionalization of amines is one of the most powerful tools for the synthesis of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles in organic synthesis. However, the β-C-H functionalization of amines via redox-neutral addition with cyclic-ketimines is still unprecedented. Herein, the β-C-H functionalization of tertiary amines is described, providing the corresponding 1,3-diamines containing the indolin-3-one moiety in high yields via the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen strategy. According to the experimental results, a possible catalytic cycle has been proposed to rationalize the process of this reaction. Notably, the β-C-H alkylation of amines is external oxidant- and transition-metal-free, which makes a significant contribution to promoting economical chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiu-Xiu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xi-Xi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ganpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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31
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Zarghami TS, Zeidman P, Razi A, Bahrami F, Hossein‐Zadeh G. Dysconnection and cognition in schizophrenia: A spectral dynamic causal modeling study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2873-2896. [PMID: 36852654 PMCID: PMC10089110 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder characterized by failure of functional integration (aka dysconnection) across the brain. Recent functional connectivity (FC) studies have adopted functional parcellations to define subnetworks of large-scale networks, and to characterize the (dys)connection between them, in normal and clinical populations. While FC examines statistical dependencies between observations, model-based effective connectivity (EC) can disclose the causal influences that underwrite the observed dependencies. In this study, we investigated resting state EC within seven large-scale networks, in 66 SZ and 74 healthy subjects from a public dataset. The results showed that a remarkable 33% of the effective connections (among subnetworks) of the cognitive control network had been pathologically modulated in SZ. Further dysconnection was identified within the visual, default mode and sensorimotor networks of SZ subjects, with 24%, 20%, and 11% aberrant couplings. Overall, the proportion of discriminative connections was remarkably larger in EC (24%) than FC (1%) analysis. Subsequently, to study the neural correlates of impaired cognition in SZ, we conducted a canonical correlation analysis between the EC parameters and the cognitive scores of the patients. As such, the self-inhibitions of supplementary motor area and paracentral lobule (in the sensorimotor network) and the excitatory connection from parahippocampal gyrus to inferior temporal gyrus (in the cognitive control network) were significantly correlated with the social cognition, reasoning/problem solving and working memory capabilities of the patients. Future research can investigate the potential of whole-brain EC as a biomarker for diagnosis of brain disorders and for neuroimaging-based cognitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh S. Zarghami
- Bio‐Electric Department, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TeranTehranIran
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Peter Zeidman
- The Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Adeel Razi
- The Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFARTorontoCanada
| | - Fariba Bahrami
- Bio‐Electric Department, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TeranTehranIran
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Gholam‐Ali Hossein‐Zadeh
- Bio‐Electric Department, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TeranTehranIran
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32
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Wang SJ, Wang L, Tang XY. Synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions of B(C 6F 5) 3·H 2O/amides complex: Application in photoredox catalysis. iScience 2023; 26:106528. [PMID: 37128550 PMCID: PMC10148046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B(C6F5)3·H2O has been long recognized as a common Brønsted acid. The lack of X-ray crystal structure of B(C6F5)3·H2O with other substrates has greatly limited the development of a new catalytic mode. In this work, a complex of B(C6F5)3·H2O and amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one with hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions is characterized by X-ray diffraction. Such noncovalent interactions in solution also exist, as verified by NMR, UV-Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission measurements. Moreover, the mixture of amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and B(C6F5)3·H2O, instead of other tested Brønsted acids, shows a tailing absorption band in the visible light region (400-450 nm). Based on the photoactive properties of the complex, a photoredox catalysis is developed to construct α-aminoamides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author
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33
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Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Shahi K, Motie Nasrabadi A. Possible Neuropathological Mechanisms Underlying the Increased Complexity of Brain Electrical Activity in Schizophrenia: A Computational Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 18:127-133. [PMID: 37383967 PMCID: PMC10293699 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental illness that is associated with different deficits in the cerebral cortex and neural networks, resulting in irregularity of brain waves. Various neuropathological hypotheses have been proposed for this irregularity that we intend to examine in this computational study. Method : We used a mathematical model of a neuronal population based on cellular automata to examine two hypotheses about the neuropathology of schizophrenia: first, reducing neuronal stimulation thresholds to increase neuronal excitability; and second, increasing the percentage of excitatory neurons and decreasing the percentage of inhibitory neurons to increase the excitation to inhibition ratio in the neuronal population. Then, we compare the complexity of the output signals produced by the model in both cases with real healthy resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using the Lempel-Ziv complexity measure and see if these changes alter (increase or decrease) the complexity of the neuronal population dynamics. Results: By lowering the neuronal stimulation threshold (i.e., the first hypothesis), no significant change in the pattern and amplitude of the network complexity was observed, and the model complexity was very similar to the complexity of real EEG signals (P > 0.05). However, increasing the excitation to inhibition ratio (i.e., the second hypothesis) led to significant changes in the complexity pattern of the designed network (P < 0.05). More interestingly, in this case, the complexity of the output signals of the model increased significantly compared to real healthy EEGs (P = 0.002) and the model output of the unchanged condition (P = 0.028) and the first hypothesis (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our computational model suggests that imbalances in the excitation to inhibition ratio in the neural network are probably the source of abnormal neuronal firing patterns and thus the cause of increased complexity of brain electrical activity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Shahi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vila È, Pinacho R, Prades R, Tarragó T, Castro E, Munarriz-Cuezva E, Meana JJ, Eugui-Anta A, Roldan M, Vera-Montecinos A, Ramos B. Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase Restores Prohibitin 2 Levels in Psychosis Models: Relationship to Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6016. [PMID: 37046989 PMCID: PMC10093989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment represents one of the core features of schizophrenia. Prolyl Oligopeptidase (POP) inhibition is an emerging strategy for compensating cognitive deficits in hypoglutamatergic states such as schizophrenia, although little is known about how POP inhibitors exert their pharmacological activity. The mitochondrial and nuclear protein Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) could be dysregulated in schizophrenia. However, altered PHB2 levels in schizophrenia linked to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity and cognitive deficits are still unknown. To shed light on this, we measured the PHB2 levels by immunoblot in a postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia subjects, in the frontal pole of mice treated with the NMDAR antagonists phencyclidine and dizocilpine, and in rat cortical astrocytes and neurons treated with dizocilpine. Mice and cells were treated in combination with the POP inhibitor IPR19. The PHB2 levels were also analyzed by immunocytochemistry in rat neurons. The PHB2 levels increased in DLPFC in cases of chronic schizophrenia and were associated with cognitive impairments. NMDAR antagonists increased PHB2 levels in the frontal pole of mice and in rat astrocytes and neurons. High levels of PHB2 were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons upon NMDAR inhibition. IPR19 restored PHB2 levels in the acute NMDAR inhibition. These results show that IPR19 restores the upregulation of PHB2 in an acute NMDAR hypoactivity stage suggesting that the modulation of PHB2 could compensate NMDAR-dependent cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Vila
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Raquel Pinacho
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Roger Prades
- Iproteos S.L., Baldiri i Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Tarragó
- Iproteos S.L., Baldiri i Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri i Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM (Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Munarriz-Cuezva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM (Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J. Javier Meana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM (Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ania Eugui-Anta
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mònica Roldan
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal i Imatge Cel·lular, Servei de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Institut Pediàtric de Malaties Rares (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - América Vera-Montecinos
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Belén Ramos
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM (Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
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Huang J, Wang L, Tang XY. Oxidative cross-coupling of quinoxalinones with indoles enabled by acidochromism. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2709-2714. [PMID: 36928912 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
An oxidative cross-coupling of quinoxalinones with indole derivatives via B(C6F5)3·H2O induced acidochromism of quinoxalinone derivatives was developed under mild and external photocatalyst-free conditions. The reaction shows excellent substrate scope, accommodating a wide range of functional groups. The usefulness of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of the natural products Azacephalandole A and Cephalandole A in high yields. Moreover, the products are fluorophores showing prevalent fluorescence properties with a wide emission range and good relative quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Xu H, Wang B, Li FY, Wang JY. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cyclization Strategy: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 5 H-Naphtho[2,3- c]carbazole-8,13-dione Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36800394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of novel carbazolequinones were efficiently obtained by a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization reaction. This protocol not only had a simple operation, broad substrate range, and high atomic economy, but also had a low catalyst loading and avoided using metal catalysts. In addition, we constructed diverse new carbazole-fused compounds under different reduction conditions. The results of photophysical characterization showed that the structure of carbazole-fused derivatives had a significant impact on the fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Executive Functions and Psychopathology Dimensions in Deficit and Non-Deficit Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051998. [PMID: 36902784 PMCID: PMC10003976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study: (a) compared executive functions between deficit (DS) and non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients and healthy controls (HC), controlling premorbid IQ and level of education; (b) compared executive functions in DS and NDS patients, controlling premorbid IQ and psychopathological symptoms; and (c) estimated relationships between clinical factors, psychopathological symptoms, and executive functions using structural equation modelling. Participants were 29 DS patients, 44 NDS patients, and 39 HC. Executive functions were measured with the Mazes Subtest, Spatial Span Subtest, Letter Number Span Test, Color Trail Test, and Berg Card Sorting Test. Psychopathological symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Brief Negative Symptom Scale, and Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms. Compared to HC, both clinical groups performed poorer on cognitive flexibility, DS patients on verbal working memory, and NDS patients on planning. DS and NDS patients did not differ in executive functions, except planning, after controlling premorbid IQ and negative psychopathological symptoms. In DS patients, exacerbation had an effect on verbal working memory and cognitive planning; in NDS patients, positive symptoms had an effect on cognitive flexibility. Both DS and NDS patients presented deficits, affecting the former to a greater extent. Nonetheless, clinical variables appeared to significantly affect these deficits.
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38
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Karimi S, Nouri H, Mahmoudinejad-Azar S, Abtahi SH. Smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure: implications in ocular disorders. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:1-7. [PMID: 36369835 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2144874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article aims to gather and review the available knowledge on several implications of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in ocular disorders and provides pathomechanistic insights where applicable. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies on the association of smoking and ETS exposure with various ocular disorders. Studies with different evidence levels, e.g., in-vivo, case-control, cohort, and meta-analysis, were included. RESULTS Smoking is an established, modifiable risk factor in several ocular diseases, including cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and Graves' ophthalmopathy; smokers are subject to more severe disease courses and less favorable treatment outcomes. Uveitis is twice as likely in smokers; smoking may also delay its resolution. Smoking and ETS exposure are major risk factors for diseases of other organs, with associated ocular complications as well, such as diabetes mellitus. ETS exposure is also associated with ocular surface pathologies, including dry eye syndrome. In children, early-life ETS exposure and maternal smoking during pregnancy are strongly associated with refractive errors and strabismus. Currently, available data on potential risks attributable to ETS exposure regarding ocular diseases are scarce and, in some instances, controversial. CONCLUSION In addition to smoking, ETS exposure is also a significant public health concern with possible links to several ocular diseases. However, the level of education of at-risk populations in this regard does not match the strength of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Nouri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Mahmoudinejad-Azar
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Chatterjee I, Chatterjee S. Investigating the symptomatic and morphological changes in the brain based on pre and post-treatment: A critical review from clinical to neuroimaging studies on schizophrenia. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Boron Lewis Acid Catalysis Enables the Direct Cyanation of Benzyl Alcohols by Means of Isonitrile as Cyanide Source. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052174. [PMID: 36903420 PMCID: PMC10004367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient and straightforward method for cyanation of alcohols is of great value. However, the cyanation of alcohols always requires toxic cyanide sources. Herein, an unprecedented synthetic application of an isonitrile as a safer cyanide source in B(C6F5)3-catalyzed direct cyanation of alcohols is reported. With this approach, a wide range of valuable α-aryl nitriles was synthesized in good to excellent yields (up to 98%). The reaction can be scaled up and the practicability of this approach is further manifested in the synthesis of an anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen. Moreover, experimental studies were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism.
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41
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Gupta R, Csókás D, Lye K, Young RD. Experimental and computational insights into the mechanism of FLP mediated selective C-F bond activation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1291-1300. [PMID: 36756325 PMCID: PMC9891352 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) comprising of B(C6F5)3 (BCF) and 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine (TPPy), P(o-Tol)3 or tetrahydrothiophene (THT) have been shown to mediate selective C-F activation in both geminal and chemically equivalent distal C-F sites. In comparison to other reported attempts of C-F activation using BCF, these reactions appear surprisingly facile. We investigate this reaction through a combination of experimental and computational chemistry to understand the mechanism of the initial C-F activation event and the origin of the selectivity that prevents subsequent C-F activation in the monoactivated salts. We find that C-F activation likely occurs via a Lewis acid assisted SN1 type pathway as opposed to a concerted FLP pathway (although the use of an FLP is important to elevate the ground state energy), where BCF is sufficiently Lewis acidic to overcome the kinetic barrier for C-F activation in benzotrifluorides. The resultant intermediate salts of the form [ArCF2(LB)][BF(C6F5)3] (LB = Lewis base) are relatively thermodynamically unstable, and an equilibrium operates between the fluorocarbon/FLP and their activation products. As such, the use of a fluoride sequestering reagent such as Me3SiNTf2 is key to the realisation of the forward C-F activation reaction in benzotrifluorides. Selectivity in this reaction can be attributed to both the installation of bulky Lewis bases geminal to residual C-F sites and from electronic re-ordering of kinetic barriers (of C-F sites in products and starting materials) arising from the electron withdrawing nature of the pyridinium, phosphonium and sulfonium groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543Singapore,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, 4072QueenslandAustralia
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42
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Triphenylborane in Metal-Free Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031340. [PMID: 36771006 PMCID: PMC9920172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and application of new organoboron reagents as Lewis acids in synthesis and metal-free catalysis have dramatically expanded over the past 20 years. In this context, we will show the recent uses of the simple and relatively weak Lewis acid BPh3-discovered 100 years ago-as a metal-free catalyst for various organic transformations. The first part will highlight catalytic applications in polymer synthesis such as the copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, isocyanate, and organic anhydrides to various polycarbonate copolymers and controlled diblock copolymers as well as alternating polyurethanes. This is followed by a discussion of BPh3 as a Lewis acid component in the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mediated cleavage of hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysis. In addition, BPh3-catalyzed reductive N-methylations and C-methylations with CO2 and silane to value-added organic products will be covered as well along with BPh3-catalyzed cycloadditions and insertion reactions. Collectively, this mini-review showcases the underexplored potential of commercially available BPh3 in metal-free catalysis.
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43
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Lu S, Chen X, Chang X, Zhang S, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Sun P. Boron-catalysed transition-metal-free arylation and alkenylation of allylic alcohols with boronic acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3329-3332. [PMID: 36756407 PMCID: PMC9869934 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07919d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient catalytic reactions with excellent atom and step economy employing sustainable catalysts is highly sought-after in chemical synthesis to reduce the negative effects on the environment. The most commonly-used strategy to construct allylic compounds relies on the transition-metal-catalysed nucleophilic substitution reaction of allylic alcohol derivatives. These syntheses exhibit good yield and selectivity, albeit at the expense of toxic and expensive catalysts and extra steps. In this paper, we report a transition-metal-free arylation and alkenylation reaction between unprotected allylic alcohols and boronic acids. The reactions were performed with B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst in toluene, and corresponding products were obtained in 23-92% yields. The reaction has mild conditions, scalability, excellent atom and step economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Lu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu UniversityChengduSichuan610106China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Shuaichen Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
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Chen X, Patel K, Marek I. Stereoselective Construction of Tertiary Homoallyl Alcohols and Ethers by Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212425. [PMID: 36413111 PMCID: PMC10107121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the stereoselective construction of tertiary C-O bonds via a stereoinvertive nucleophilic substitution at the quaternary carbon stereocenter of cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives using water, alcohols and phenols as nucleophiles has been developed. This substitution reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates several functional groups, providing a new access to the stereoselective formation of highly congested tertiary homoallyl alcohols and ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
| | - Kaushalendra Patel
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
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45
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Romagnano V, Sokolov AN, Steinwand P, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:112. [PMID: 36517504 PMCID: PMC9751144 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Faces are valuable signals for efficient social interaction. Yet, social cognition including the sensitivity to a coarse face scheme may be deviant in schizophrenia (SZ). Tuning to faces in non-face images such as shadows, grilled toasts, or ink blots is termed face pareidolia. This phenomenon is poorly investigated in SZ. Here face tuning was assessed in 44 male participants with SZ and person-by-person matched controls by using recently created Face-n-Thing images (photographs of non-face objects to a varying degree resembling a face). The advantage of these images is that single components do not automatically trigger face processing. Participants were administered a set of images with upright and inverted (180° in the image plane) orientation. In a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, they had to indicate whether an image resembled a face. The findings showed that: (i) With upright orientation, SZ patients exhibited deficits in face tuning: they provided much fewer face responses than controls. (ii) Inversion generally hindered face pareidolia. However, while in neurotypical males, inversion led to a drastic drop in face impression, in SZ, the impact of orientation was reduced. (iii) Finally, in accord with the signal detection theory analysis, the sensitivity index (d-prime) was lower in SZ, whereas no difference occurred in decision criterion. The outcome suggests altered face pareidolia in SZ is caused by lower face sensitivity rather than by alterations in cognitive bias. Comparison of these findings with earlier evidence confirms that tuning to social signals is lower in SZ, and warrants tailored brain imaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Romagnano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Steinwand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany.
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46
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Nad P, Behera AK, Sen A, Mukherjee A. Catalytic and Mechanistic Approach to the Metal-Free N-Alkylation of 2-Aminopyridines with Diketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15403-15414. [PMID: 36350139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N-alkylation of amines is an important catalytic reaction in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the N-alkylation of 2-aminopyridines with 1,2-diketones using BF3·OEt2 as a catalyst. The reaction proceeds under aerobic conditions, leading to the formation of a diverse range of substituted secondary amines in good to excellent yields. A close inspection of the mechanistic pathway using various spectroscopic techniques and the computational study revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of an iminium-keto intermediate with the liberation of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Nad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry (CMDD Lab), GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anik Sen
- Department of Chemistry (CMDD Lab), GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
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Akram MO, Tidwell JR, Dutton JL, Martin CD. Tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane: An Isolable, Halogen-Free, Lewis Superacid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212073. [PMID: 36135949 PMCID: PMC9828388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane (BoCb3 ), a single site neutral Lewis superacid, in one pot from commercially available materials is achieved. The high fluoride ion affinity (FIA) confirms its classification as a Lewis superacid and the Gutmann-Beckett method as well as adducts with Lewis bases indicate stronger Lewis acidity over the widely used fluorinated aryl boranes. The electron withdrawing effect of ortho-carborane and lack of pi-delocalization of the LUMO rationalize the unusually high Lewis acidity. Catalytic studies indicate that BoCb3 is a superior catalyst for promoting C-F bond functionalization reactions than tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6 F5 )3 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjur O. Akram
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place #97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - John R. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place #97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistryLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place #97348WacoTX 76798USA
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Phatake RS, Averdunk A, Würtele C, Gellrich U. Piers’ Borane-Catalyzed Dimerization of Arylallenes via Transborylation: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Study. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra S. Phatake
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392Gießen, Germany
| | - Arthur Averdunk
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392Gießen, Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392Gießen, Germany
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49
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Inverse hydride shuttle catalysis enables the stereoselective one-step synthesis of complex frameworks. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1306-1310. [PMID: 36266571 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid assembly of complex scaffolds in a single step from simple precursors identifies as an ideal reaction in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Indeed, the direct single-step synthesis of complex alkaloid frameworks remains an unresolved problem at the heart of organic chemistry in spite of the tremendous progress of the discipline. Herein, we present a broad strategy in which dynamically assembled ternary complexes are converted into valuable azabicyclic scaffolds based on the concept of inverse hydride shuttle catalysis. The ternary complexes are readily constructed in situ from three simple precursors and enable a highly modular installation of various substitution patterns. Upon subjection to a unique dual-catalytic system, the transient intermediates undergo an unusual hydride shuttle process that is initiated by a hydride donation event. Furthermore, we show that, in combination with asymmetric organocatalysis, the product alkaloid frameworks are obtained in excellent optical purity.
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50
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Parija S, Sahani M, Bisoi R, Dash PK. Autoencoder-based improved deep learning approach for schizophrenic EEG signal classification. Pattern Anal Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10044-022-01107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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