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Gao Q, Li G, Zu Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Xiang D, He W, Shang T, Cheng X, Liu D, Zhang C. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1 activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117089. [PMID: 37634749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) is a common traditional Chinese medicine used for anti-inflammation, treating colitis, type 2 diabetes, diarrhea, and recovering hepatobiliary function. Ginsenosides, the main active components isolated from ginseng, possess liver and gallbladder diseases therapeutic potential. AIMS OF THE STUDY Cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is a liver disease induced by intrahepatic accumulation of toxic bile acids and currently lacks clinically effective drugs. Our previous study found that ginsenosides alleviated CLI by activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), but the effective ingredients and the underlying mechanism have not been clarified. This study aimed to identify an effective ingredient with the most significant activation effect on SIRT1 from the five major monomer saponins of ginsenosides: Rb1, Rd, Rg1, 20s-Rg3, and Rc further explore its protective effects on CLI, and elaborate its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Discovery Studio 3.0 was used to conduct molecular docking between monomer saponins and SIRT1, and further detect the influence of monomer saponins on SIRT1 activity in vitro. Finally, it was determined that Rg1 had the most significant stimulative effect on SIRT1, and the hepatoprotective activity of Rg1 in CLI was explored in vivo. Wild-type mice were intragastrically α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to establish an experimental model of intrahepatic cholestasis and Rg1 intervention, and then liver injury and cholestasis related indexes were detected. In addition, Liver-specific SIRT1 gene knockout (SIRT1-/-) mice were administered with ANIT and/or Rg1 to further investigate the mechanism of action of Rg1. RESULTS The results of molecular docking and in vitro experiments showed that all the five ginsenoside monomers could bind to the active site of SIRT1 and promote SIRT1 activity in HepG2 cells. Among them, Rg1 exhibited the most significant stimulation of SIRT1 activity in cholestasis. Besides, it could ameliorate ANIT-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Therefore, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of Rg1 on CLI. Results showed that Rg1 reversed the ANIT-induced increase in biochemical parameters, improved liver pathological injury, and decreased liver lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factor levels. Mechanistically, Rg1 induced SIRT1 expression, followed by promoted the activity of Nrf2 and suppressed the activation of NF-κB. Interestingly, the hepatoprotective effect of Rg1 was blocked in SIRT1-/- mice. CONCLUSION Rg1 mitigated ANIT-induced CLI via upregulating SIRT1 expression, and our results suggested that Rg1 is a candidate compound for treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Zu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Congyi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tianze Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinwei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Priya PS, Murugan R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Shanjeev P, Arockiaraj J. Delineating the protective action of cordycepin against cadmium induced oxidative stress and gut inflammation through downregulation of NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104246. [PMID: 37595934 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure is known to cause gut inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of cordycepin, a natural compound with pharmacological properties, against gut inflammation induced by Cd exposure. Using zebrafish larvae and colon cell line models, we examined the impact of cordycepin on Cd-induced toxicity and inflammation. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to Cd (2 µg/mL) and treated with different concentrations of cordycepin (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL). Cordycepin treatment significantly reduced Cd-induced embryotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. It also alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment normalized the levels of liver-related biomarkers affected due to Cd exposure. Additionally, cordycepin (50 µg/mL) demonstrated a significant reduction in Cd bioaccumulation and downregulated the expression of inflammatory genes in both zebrafish larval gut and colon cell lines. These findings suggest that cordycepin could be an effective agent against Cd-induced gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - P Shanjeev
- SG's Supreme Organics, Plot 148, Sri Valli Nagar, Nandhivaram Village, Guduvancherry, Chennai 603202, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rajpurohit SK, Ouellette L, Sura S, Appiah C, O'Keefe A, McCarthy K, Kandepu U, Ye Mon M, Kimmerling K, Arora V, Lokeshwar BL. Development of a Transparent Transgenic Zebrafish Cellular Phenotype Tg( 6xNF-kB:EGFP); Casper( roy-/-, nacre-/-) to Study NF-kB Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1985. [PMID: 37509624 PMCID: PMC10377570 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has broad effects on cell survival, tissue growth, and proliferation activities. It controls many genes that are involved in inflammation and thus is a key player in many inflammatory diseases. The elevation of NF-κB activators is associated with elevated mortality, especially in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The zebrafish has emerged as an important model for whole-organism in vivo modeling in translational research. In vertebrates, in-vivo spatial resolution is limited due to normal opacification of skin and subdermal structure. For in vivo imaging, skin transparency by blocking the pigmentation via chemical inhibition is required and the maintenance of this transparency is vital. The Casper(roy-/-, nacre-/-) mutant of zebrafish maintains this transparency throughout its life and serves as an ideal combination of sensitivity and resolution for in vivo stem cell analyses and imaging. We developed an NF-kB:GFP/Casper transparent transgenic zebrafish cellular phenotype to study inflammatory processes in vivo. We outline the experimental setup to generate a transparent transgenic NF-kB/Casper strain of zebrafish through the cross-breeding of Casper and NF-kB transgenic adult fish and have generated F01 in the form of heterozygous progeny. The transgenic F01 progeny was further inbred to generate heterozygous progenies from F1 to F4 generations. Furthermore, it continued to successfully develop the homozygous strain Tg(6xNF-kB:EGFP); Casper(roy-/-, nacre-/-) in the F05 generation. This novel strain of F05 generation showed 100% homozygosity in the transgenic transparent progeny of Tg(6xNF-kB:EGFP); Casper(roy-/-, nacre-/-). The strain has been confirmed by generating the F06 generation of homozygous progeny and again verified and validated for its homogeneity in the F07 generation. The newly developed novel transparent transgenic strain of the NF-kB reporter line has been coined as "Tg(6xNF-kB:EGFP); Casper(roy-/-, nacre-/-)gmc1". We have established a newly generated phenotype of transparent transgenic zebrafish for time-lapse in vivo confocal microscopy to study the cellular phenotype and pathologies at the cellular level over time. This will allow for quantifying the changes in the NF-kB functional activities over time and allow the comparison of control and cardiac-oncology experimental therapeutics. We validated the newly developed Tg(6xNF-kB:EGFP); Casper(roy-/-, nacre-/-)gmc1 homozygous strain of zebrafish by studying the inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, tolerance, and the inhibitory role of a potential novel drug candidate against LPS-induced inflammation. The results establish the unique application of newly developed strains by identifying hit and lead drug candidates for experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K Rajpurohit
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Logan Ouellette
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Suvarsha Sura
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chelsea Appiah
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Annabelle O'Keefe
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Katherine McCarthy
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Umasai Kandepu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - May Ye Mon
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Vishal Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Chen P, Wang R, Liu F, Li S, Gu Y, Wang L, Yuan Y. Schizandrin C regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation in liver fibrosis by NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092151. [PMID: 37288106 PMCID: PMC10242051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is considered a sustained wound healing response and metabolic syndrome, and its therapy is of great significance for chronic liver disease. Schizandrin C, as one lignan from hepatic protectant Schisandra chinensis, can depress the oxidative effect and lipid peroxidation, and protect against liver injury. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were used to estimate a liver fibrosis model by CCl4, and Schizandrin C exerted an anti-hepatic fibrosis effect, as evidenced by decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin activities in serum, lower hydroxyproline content, recuperative structure and less collagen accumulation in the liver. In addition, Schizandrin C reduced the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin and type Ι collagen in the liver. In vitro experiments also revealed that Schizandrin C attenuated hepatic stellate cell activation in both LX-2 and HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, lipidomics and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Schizandrin C regulated the lipid profile and related metabolic enzymes in the liver. In addition, the mRNA levels of inflammation factors were downregulated by Schizandrin C treatment, accompanied by lower protein levels of IκB-Kinase-β, nuclear factor kappa-B p65, and phospho-nuclear factor kappa-B p65. Finally, Schizandrin C inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, which were activated in the CCl4 fibrotic liver. Taken together, Schizandrin C can regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation to ameliorate liver fibrosis by nuclear factor kappa-B and p38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways. These findings supported Schizandrin C as a potential drug for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangbin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dana N, Ferns GA, Nedaeinia R, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Leptin signaling in breast cancer and its crosstalk with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:601-610. [PMID: 36348225 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity may create a mitogenic microenvironment that influences tumor initiation and progression. The obesity-associated adipokine, leptin regulates energy metabolism and has been implicated in cancer development. It has been shown that some cell types other than adipocytes can express leptin and leptin receptors in tumor microenvironments. It has been shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonists can affect leptin levels and vice versa leptin can affect PPARs. Activation of PPARs affects the expression of several genes involved in aspects of lipid metabolism. In addition, PPARs regulate cancer cell progression through their action on the tumor cell proliferation, metabolism, and cellular environment. Some studies have shown an association between obesity and several types of cancer, including breast cancer. There is some evidence that suggests that there is crosstalk between PPARs and leptin during the development of breast cancer. Through a systematic review of previous studies, we have reviewed the published relevant articles regarding leptin signaling in breast cancer and its crosstalk with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Song H, Ye X, Liao Y, Zhang S, Xu D, Zhong S, Jing B, Wang T, Sun B, Xu J, Guo W, Li K, Hu M, Kuang Y, Ling J, Zhang T, Wu Y, Du J, Yao F, Chin YE, Wang Q, Zhou BP, Deng J. NF-κB represses retinoic acid receptor-mediated GPRC5A transactivation in lung epithelial cells to promote neoplasia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e153976. [PMID: 36413416 PMCID: PMC9870083 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with lung tumorigenesis, in which NF-κB-mediated epigenetic regulation plays a critical role. Lung tumor suppressor G protein-coupled receptor, family C, member 5A (GPRC5A), is repressed in most non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that NF-κB acts as a transcriptional repressor in suppression of GPRC5A. NF-κB induced GPRC5A repression both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, transactivation of NF-κB downstream targets was not required, but the transactivation domain of RelA/p65 was required for GPRC5A repression. NF-κB did not bind to any potential cis-element in the GPRC5A promoter. Instead, p65 was complexed with retinoic acid receptor α/β (RARα/β) and recruited to the RA response element site at the GPRC5A promoter, resulting in disrupted RNA polymerase II complexing and suppressed transcription. Notably, phosphorylation on serine 276 of p65 was required for interaction with RARα/β and repression of GPRC5A. Moreover, NF-κB-mediated epigenetic repression was through suppression of acetylated histone H3K9 (H3K9ac), but not DNA methylation of the CpG islands, at the GPRC5A promoter. Consistently, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, but not DNA methylation inhibitor, restored GPRC5A expression in NSCLC cells. Thus, NF-κB induces transcriptional repression of GPRC5A via a complex with RARα/β and mediates epigenetic repression via suppression of H3K9ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kaimi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Peninsula Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y. Eugene Chin
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Peninsula Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binhua P. Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Peninsula Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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PPAR Alpha as a Metabolic Modulator of the Liver: Role in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050792. [PMID: 35625520 PMCID: PMC9138523 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In the context of liver disease, one of the more growing public health problems is the transition from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Profound metabolic dysregulations linked to inflammation and hepatic injury are features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Since the peroxisomal-proliferator-activated receptor alpha has long been considered one of the key transcriptional factors in hepatic metabolism, its role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is discussed in this review. Abstract The strong relationship between metabolic alterations and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) suggests a pathogenic interplay. However, many aspects have not yet been fully clarified. Nowadays, NASH is becoming the main cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NASH is critical. Among the nuclear receptor transcription factors, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is highly expressed in the liver, where it works as a pivotal transcriptional regulator of the intermediary metabolism. In this context, PPARα’s function in regulating the lipid metabolism is essential for proper liver functioning. Here, we review metabolic liver genes under the control of PPARα and discuss how this aspect can impact the inflammatory condition and pathogenesis of NASH.
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Sultana T, Okla MK, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Al-Hashimi A, Abdelgawad H, Haq IU. Withaferin A: From Ancient Remedy to Potential Drug Candidate. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247696. [PMID: 34946778 PMCID: PMC8705790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) is a pivotal withanolide that has conquered a conspicuous place in research, owning to its multidimensional biological properties. It is an abundant constituent in Withania somnifera Dunal. (Ashwagandha, WS) that is one of the prehistoric pivotal remedies in Ayurveda. This article reviews the literature about the pharmacological profile of WA with special emphasis on its anticancer aspect. We reviewed research publications concerning WA through four databases and provided a descriptive analysis of literature without statistical or qualitative analysis. WA has been found as an effective remedy with multifaceted mechanisms and a broad spectrum of pharmacological profiles. It has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiherpetic, antifibrotic, antiplatelet, profibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, antipigmentation, antileishmanial, and healing potentials. Evidence for wide pharmacological actions of WA has been established by both in vivo and in vitro studies. Further, the scientific literature accentuates the role of WA harboring a variable therapeutic spectrum for integrative cancer chemoprevention and cure. WA is a modern drug from traditional medicine that is necessary to be advanced to clinical trials for advocating its utility as a commercial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.-u.-H.)
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Ihsan-ul- Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.-u.-H.)
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Ruhela D, Bhopale VM, Kalakonda S, Thom SR. Astrocyte-derived microparticles initiate a neuroinflammatory cycle due to carbon monoxide poisoning. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100398. [PMID: 34917988 PMCID: PMC8645452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that carbon monoxide (CO) establishes an inflammatory cycle mediated by microparticles (MPs). Mice exposed to a CO protocol (1000 ppm for 40 min and then 3000 ppm for 20 min) that causes neuroinflammation exhibit NF-κB activation in astrocytes leading to generation of MPs expressing thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) that collect in deep cervical lymph nodes draining the brain glymphatic system. TSP-1 bearing MPs gain access to the blood stream where they activate neutrophils to generate a new family of MPs, and also stimulate endothelial cells as documented by leakage of intravenous 2000 kDa dextran. At the brain microvasculature, neutrophil and MPs sequestration, and myeloperoxidase activity result in elevations of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, serine 536 phosphorylated p65, CD36, and loss of astrocyte aquaporin-4 that persist for at least 7 days. Knock-out mice lacking the CD36 membrane receptor are resistant to all CO inflammatory changes. Events triggered by CO are recapitulated in naïve wild type mice injected with cervical node MPs from CO-exposed mice, but not control mice. All MPs-mediated events are inhibited with a NF-κB inhibitor, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor, or anti-TSP-1 antibodies. We conclude that astrocyte-derived MPs expressing TSP-1 establish a feed-forward neuroinflammatory cycle involving endothelial CD36-to-astrocyte NF-κB crosstalk. As there is currently no treatment for CO-induced neurological sequelae, these findings pose several possible sites for therapeutic interventions. Carbon monoxide (CO) causes neurological injuries poorly correlated to hypoxic stress. Astrocyte NF-κB triggers thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) microparticle (MP) production. TSP-1 MPs enter the blood stream, stimulating neutrophils and endothelium. Circulating MPs linkage to endothelial cell CD36 causes vascular damage. Endothelial CD36-to-astrocyte NF-κB crosstalk establishes a neuroinflammatory cycle.
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Key Words
- 4-methyl-N1-(3-phenyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2-diamine, JSH-23
- Acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine
- Aquaporin-4
- Aquaporin-4, AQP4
- Astrocyte
- CD36
- Carbon monoxide, CO
- Carboxyhemoglobin, COHb
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP
- Glymphatics
- Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI
- Microparticles, MPs
- Myelin basic protein, MBP
- Myeloperoxidase
- Myeloperoxidase, MPO
- Neuronal pentraxin receptor, NPR
- Neutrophil
- Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3, NLRP3
- Nuclear factor- κB, NF-κB
- Phosphate buffered saline, PBS
- Phosphatidylserine, (PS)
- Thrombospondin-1
- Thrombospondin-1, TSP-1
- Transmembrane protein119, TMEM
- acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine, KYC
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ruhela
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Veena M Bhopale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sudhakar Kalakonda
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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10
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Yue H, Wang P, Zhang L, Ning D, Cai W, Wang Y, Wang J. Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus alleviates CCL4-induced liver injury via downregulation of the IRE-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13964. [PMID: 34730246 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical liver injury is a common cause of liver disease primarily characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus (Ca-SGP) have been proved to exhibit the antioxidant effect. However, the effect of Ca-SGP on liver injury remains unclear. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of Ca-SGP on CCL4-induced chronic chemical liver injury and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Results showed that Ca-SGP mitigated the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited the systemic oxidative stress, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Histologic results showed that Ca-SGP supplements alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and liver macrophage infiltration. Further, Ca-SGP supplement decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins expression, including BiP, IRE-α, p-IRE-α, and TRAF2, and further inhibited the trigger of the NF-κB pathway. In summary, Ca-SGP might be a novel agent for liver injury treatment, and its potential mechanism was related to the inhibition of liver inflammation induced by the endoplasmic reticulum. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The fish egg is an important by-product in fish processing. Carassius auratus is a common freshwater fish with large catches and low prices. However, the eggs of C. auratus are usually direct discard or processed into salted roe products, and the quality and value of these salted products are unsatisfactory. In this current study, we confirmed that sialoglycoproteins isolated from the C. auratus eggs have the potential for the treatment of liver injury and determined that its mechanism is related to the endoplasmic reticulum and inflammation, which put forward a new idea for solving the by-product of fish processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ding Ning
- Malvern College Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Weizhen Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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11
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PSMB4 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NF-κB signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:693-703. [PMID: 33954843 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis to deteriorate heart function. Thus, how to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the focus of recent researches. Proteasome family member PSMB4 (proteasome subunit beta type-4) promotes cell survival. The relationship between PSMB4 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial I/R is unknown. In this study, PSMB4 expression increased in rat myocardial I/R model, positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 expression, negatively correlated with Bcl-2 expression. In vitro, neonatal ventricle cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was constructed to mimic myocardial I/R. PSMB4 silence promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and IκBα expression, inhibited the activation of NF-κB. On the contrary, PSMB4 overexpession inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and IκBα expression, promoted the activation of NF-κB. Additionally, PSMB4-IκBα interaction was identified, suggesting that PSMB4 might participate in the proteasome dependent degradation of IκBα. The data indicates that PSMB4 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NF-κB signaling pathway during myocardial I/R, which can supply novel molecular target for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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12
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Lin L, Chen S, Wang H, Gao B, Kallakury B, Bhuvaneshwar K, Cahn K, Gusev Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Marshall JL, Zhi X, He AR. SPTBN1 inhibits inflammatory responses and hepatocarcinogenesis via the stabilization of SOCS1 and downregulation of p65 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:4232-4250. [PMID: 33754058 PMCID: PMC7977457 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), an adapter protein for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, is recognized as a tumor suppressor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this tumor suppression remain obscure. Methods: The effects on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon the inhibition or impairment of SPTBN1 in HCC cell lines and liver tissues of Sptbn1+/- and wild-type (WT) mice were assessed by analyses of quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting and gene array databases from HCC patients. We investigated the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory responses by immunoprecipitation-Western blotting, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative real time PCR (ChIP-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in liver, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from WT and Sptbn1+/- mice were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Further, the hepatocacinogenesis and its correlation with inflammatory microenvironment by loss of SPTBN1/SOCS1 and induction of p65 were analyzed by treating WT and Sptbn1+/- mice with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). Results: Loss of SPTBN1 in HCC cells upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, and IL-6, and enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activation. Mechanistic analyses revealed that knockdown of SPTBN1 by siRNA downregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), an E3 ligase of p65, and subsequently upregulated p65 accumulation in the nucleus of HCC cells. Restoration of SOCS1 abrogated this SPTBN1 loss-associated elevation of p65 in HCC cells. In human HCC tissues, SPTBN1 gene expression was inversely correlated with gene expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, a decrease in the levels of SPTBN1 gene, as well as an increase in the gene expression of IL-1β or IL-6 predicted shorter relapse free survival in HCC patients, and that HCC patients with low expression of SPTBN1 or SOCS1 protein is associated with poor survival. Heterozygous loss of SPTBN1 (Sptbn1+/-) in mice markedly upregulated hepatic expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6, and elevated the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+Treg) cells in the liver, promoting hepatocarcinogenesis of mouse fed by DDC. Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence that loss of SPTBN1 in HCC cells increases p65 protein stability via the inhibition of SOCS1 and enhances NF-κB activation, stimulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, which are critical molecular mechanisms for the loss of SPTBN1-induced liver cancer formation. Reduced SPTBN1 and SOCS1 predict poor outcome in HCC patients.
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13
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Saida L, Tulasi CDSLN, Narasu ML. Evaluation of chemo-preventive efficacy of Ficus religiosa latex extract by flow cytometry analysis and gene expression studies performed by RT-PCR in various cell lines. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An extract of Ficus religiosa latex has been previously found to possess potent pharmacological activity with high antioxidant content phytochemical. The present research was conducted to investigate the chemo-preventive efficacy of latex extract on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA MB 231, human neroblastoma IMR 32, and human colorectal HCT 116 cell lines.
Results
The results showed that the latex crude extract induced cytotoxicity in all the selected cell lines with IC50 value 4.8 ± 1.13 μg/ml against the IMR 32 cell line. The cell cycle analysis results indicated the arrest and accumulation of cells at G1 phase in case of MDA MB 231 cells and HCT 116 cells whereas in the case of IMR 32 cells the arrest was in G2/M phase. The clear bands of fragments observed in DNA ladder experiments showed that apoptosis is induced by extracts in the cell lines. This could be correlated with the gene level expression studies on selected pro-apoptotic (p53 and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, AKT) genes, which got upregulated and downregulated, respectively.
Conclusion
Based on the experimental evidence, Ficus religiosa contains phytochemicals with potent antitumor activities.
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14
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Kolesnichenko M, Mikuda N, Höpken UE, Kärgel E, Uyar B, Tufan AB, Milanovic M, Sun W, Krahn I, Schleich K, von Hoff L, Hinz M, Willenbrock M, Jungmann S, Akalin A, Lee S, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Schmitt CA, Scheidereit C. Transcriptional repression of NFKBIA triggers constitutive IKK- and proteasome-independent p65/RelA activation in senescence. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104296. [PMID: 33459422 PMCID: PMC7957429 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The IκB kinase (IKK)‐NF‐κB pathway is activated as part of the DNA damage response and controls both inflammation and resistance to apoptosis. How these distinct functions are achieved remained unknown. We demonstrate here that DNA double‐strand breaks elicit two subsequent phases of NF‐κB activation in vivo and in vitro, which are mechanistically and functionally distinct. RNA‐sequencing reveals that the first‐phase controls anti‐apoptotic gene expression, while the second drives expression of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes. The rapidly activated first phase is driven by the ATM‐PARP1‐TRAF6‐IKK cascade, which triggers proteasomal destruction of inhibitory IκBα, and is terminated through IκBα re‐expression from the NFKBIA gene. The second phase, which is activated days later in senescent cells, is on the other hand independent of IKK and the proteasome. An altered phosphorylation status of NF‐κB family member p65/RelA, in part mediated by GSK3β, results in transcriptional silencing of NFKBIA and IKK‐independent, constitutive activation of NF‐κB in senescence. Collectively, our study reveals a novel physiological mechanism of NF‐κB activation with important implications for genotoxic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kolesnichenko
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Mikuda
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Kärgel
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bora Uyar
- Bioinformatics/Mathematical Modeling Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmet Bugra Tufan
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Milanovic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Sun
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Krahn
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kolja Schleich
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda von Hoff
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hinz
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Willenbrock
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Jungmann
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Bioinformatics/Mathematical Modeling Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Ganoderic acid A attenuates high-fat-diet-induced liver injury in rats by regulating the lipid oxidation and liver inflammation. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:744-754. [PMID: 32715385 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderic Acid A (GA) has many pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects. However, the protective effect of GA on liver injury has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the action of GA on insufficient methionine and choline combined with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. NAFLD model was established by insufficient methionine and choline combined with high fat feeding to rats. The levels of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding protein, liver X receptors, AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, PPARg coactivator 1α and NF-κB pathway in the liver were detected by western blot. The results of this study demonstrated that the expression of GA can not only significantly decrease the live weight and liver weight per body weight of HFD mice, but also restore the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels, triglyceride and cholesterol in serum. In addition, the expression of GA increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, ameliorated pathological changes and decreased NAS score of mice's liver. In conclusion, the treatment with GA could improve NAFLD in rats by regulating the levels of signaling events involved in free fatty acid production, lipid oxidation and liver inflammation.
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16
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de Gregorio E, Colell A, Morales A, Marí M. Relevance of SIRT1-NF-κB Axis as Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate Inflammation in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3858. [PMID: 32485811 PMCID: PMC7312021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response in pursuit of homeostasis reestablishment triggered by harmful conditions or stimuli, such as an infection or tissue damage. Liver diseases cause approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide and hepatic inflammation is a common factor to all of them, being the main driver of hepatic tissue damage and causing progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The metabolic sensor SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase with strong expression in metabolic tissues such as the liver, and transcription factor NF-κB, a master regulator of inflammatory response, show an antagonistic relationship in controlling inflammation. For this reason, SIRT1 targeting is emerging as a potential strategy to improve different metabolic and/or inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we explore diverse upstream regulators and some natural/synthetic activators of SIRT1 as possible therapeutic treatment for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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17
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Liu W, Cheng L, Li Q, Jing J. TRIP6 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2317-2325. [PMID: 32104300 PMCID: PMC7027267 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6), a member of the zyxin family of Lin-Isl-Mec (LIM) proteins, is an adaptor protein primarily expressed in epithelial cells. TRIP6 can regulate a variety of cellular responses, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization and cell adhesion. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of TRIP6 in osteosarcoma (Os) has not been previously reported. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of TRIP6 in the occurrence and development of Os, and the potential of utilizing TRIP6 as a therapeutic target in Os. The present results suggested that the expression levels of TRIP6 were significantly increased in Os cells and clinical tissue specimens compared with normal osteoblasts and adjacent non-tumor tissue. Moreover, the present results suggested that overexpressing TRIP6 significantly increased proliferation, migration and invasion, while inhibiting apoptosis in Os cells. However, silencing TRIP6 decreased proliferation, migration and invasion, while activating apoptosis in Os cells. The present results suggested that overexpression of TRIP6 increased NF-κB activation by decreasing the protein expression levels of inhibitor of κBα, and increasing total and phosphorylated P65 levels. The present results indicated that TRIP6 silencing decreased NF-κB activation. Collectively, the present results suggested that TRIP6 may play a role in promoting Os cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while inhibiting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, TRIP6 may be utilized as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in Os.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qingning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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18
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Hemistepsin A alleviates liver fibrosis by inducing apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and Akt. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:111044. [PMID: 31830547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemistepsin A (HsA), isolated from Hemistepta lyrata (Bunge) Bunge, has the ability to ameliorate hepatitis in mice. However, the effects of H. lyrata and HsA on other types of liver disease have not been explored. In this report, we investigated the effects of H. lyrata and HsA on liver fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Based on cell viability-guided isolation, we found HsA was the major natural product responsible for H. lyrata-mediated cytotoxicity in LX-2 cells. HsA significantly decreased the viability of LX-2 cells and primary activated HSCs, increased the binding of Annexin V, and altered the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, suggesting that HsA induces apoptosis in activated HSCs. HsA reduced the phosphorylation of IKKε and the transactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Moreover, HsA decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream signaling molecules. Transfection experiments suggested that inhibition of NF-κB or Akt is essential for HsA-induced apoptosis of HSCs. In a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, HsA administration significantly decreased ALT and AST activities. Furthermore, HsA attenuated CCl4-mediated collagen deposits and profibrogenic genes expression in hepatic tissue. Thus, HsA may serve as a natural product for managing liver fibrosis through inhibition of NF-κB/Akt-dependent signaling.
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19
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Korbecki J, Bobiński R, Dutka M. Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:443-458. [PMID: 30927048 PMCID: PMC6517359 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family includes three transcription factors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and nitrated fatty acid derivatives as well as by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2) during the inflammatory response. This results in the modulation of the pro-inflammatory response, preventing it from being excessively activated. Other activators of these receptors are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (arachidonic acid, ALA, EPA, and DHA). The main function of PPAR during the inflammatory reaction is to promote the inactivation of NF-κB. Possible mechanisms of inactivation include direct binding and thus inactivation of p65 NF-κB or ubiquitination leading to proteolytic degradation of p65 NF-κB. PPAR also exert indirect effects on NF-κB. They promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, or heme oxygenase-1, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., secondary transmitters in inflammatory reactions. PPAR also cause an increase in the expression of IκBα, SIRT1, and PTEN, which interferes with the activation and function of NF-κB in inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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20
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Yan N, Wen DS, Zhao YR, Xu SJ. Epimedium sagittatum inhibits TLR4/MD-2 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway with anti-inflammatory activity. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:303. [PMID: 30424767 PMCID: PMC6234691 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb.et Zucc.) Maxim., Ying-Yang-Huo in Chinese has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and is deemed to "reinforce the kidney Yang". Previous studies showed that E. sagittatum could modulate the immune system and treat some chronic disease such as rheumatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate extracts (YYHs) of E. sagittatum and its mechanisms of action. METHODS In order to explore the composition of YYHs, YYHs was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and in comparison with reference standards. Anti-inflammatory model was established in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured with the Griess reagent. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In addition, expression of p-p65 protein and TLR4/MD-2 complex was detected by western blots and flow cytometric, respectively. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation was observed by fluorescence microscope. RESULTS A total of eight compounds were identified, of which icariside II was the most abundant compound. YYHs (12.5-50 μg/mL) had no obvious cytotoxic effect on cells, and remarkably inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α and IL-2 with a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, YYHs up-regulated expression of p-p65 and TLR4/MD-2 complex. Further research showed that YYHs significantly suppressed NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION In brief, YYHs contributed to the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory response through the TLR4/MD-2-mediated NF-κB pathway and may be a potential choice to combat inflammation diseases. It includes a schema of pathways at the end of the paper.
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Li S, Sun W, Zheng H, Tian F. Microrna-145 accelerates the inflammatory reaction through activation of NF-κB signaling in atherosclerosis cells and mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:851-857. [PMID: 29710501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammation, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Accumulative evidences have demonstrated that miRNAs exert crucial roles in the development of AS. However, the effects of miR-145 and its underlying molecular mechanism remain incompletely clear. The aim of the present study is to explore the function of miR-145 in the occurrence and development of AS through investigating its role in inflammatory reactions. High-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice were used as an in vivo model of atherosclerosis (AS). OxLDL-induced macrophages was employed as cell models of atherosclerosis. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the transfected efficiency of miR-145 mimic and inhibitor. RT-PCR and ELISA were performed to detect the expression of miR-145, and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), CCL-4 and CCL-7. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and its related proteins such as phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), p-IκBα and acetylated p65 (ac-p65). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were conducted to examine atherosclerotic lesion. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle Actin (α-SMA) and CD68. Luciferase reporter assay were carried out to examine the effect of miR-145 on the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Our results showed that over-expression of miR-145 promoted the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL-2, CCL-4 and CCL-7 through promotion of NF-κB, p-IκBα, p-STAT3 and ac-p65 expression in vivo and in vitro. Besides, down-regulation of miR-145 expression relieved the aortic sinus lesion, increased the number of VSMCs and decreased the number of macrophages. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-145 accelerated the inflammatory reaction through activation of NF-κB signaling in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272000, China
| | - Wenlei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272000, China
| | - Hongjian Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272000, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272000, China.
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Sarubbo F, Moranta D, Pani G. Dietary polyphenols and neurogenesis: Molecular interactions and implication for brain ageing and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:456-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yu T, Yu Q, Chen X, Zhou L, Wang Y, Yu C. Exclusive enteral nutrition protects against inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting NF‑κB activation through regulation of the p38/MSK1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1305-1316. [PMID: 29901086 PMCID: PMC6089761 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although enteral nutrition therapy for inflammatory bowel disease has been confirmed to be an effective treatment method, the exact mechanism responsible for the effects of enteral nutrition remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) against colitis, and to elucidate the potential mechanisms by inhibiting p65 activation via regulating the p38/mitogen‑ and stress‑activated protein kinase‑1 (MSK1) pathway. Experiments were performed by establishing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑mice colitis and picrylsulfonic acid solution (TNBS)‑induced rat colitis, and the results demonstrated that EEN treatment attenuated body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage caused by colitis. EEN also inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration and decreased myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities. Furthermore, EEN significantly reduced the production of pro‑inflammatory mediators in serum and the colon. Mechanically, EEN suppressed activation of p65 by inhibiting the p38/MSK1 pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that EEN attenuated DSS‑ and TNBS‑induced colitis by inhibiting p65 activation via regulating the p38/MSK1 pathway, thus suggesting that EEN is effective in the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Schmitz ML, Shaban MS, Albert BV, Gökçen A, Kracht M. The Crosstalk of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Pathways with NF-κB: Complex Mechanisms Relevant for Cancer, Inflammation and Infection. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020058. [PMID: 29772680 PMCID: PMC6027367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful conditions occuring during cancer, inflammation or infection activate adaptive responses that are controlled by the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These systems can be triggered by chemical compounds but also by cytokines, toll-like receptor ligands, nucleic acids, lipids, bacteria and viruses. Despite representing unique signaling cascades, new data indicate that the UPR and NF-κB pathways converge within the nucleus through ten major transcription factors (TFs), namely activating transcription factor (ATF)4, ATF3, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) homologous protein (CHOP), X-box-binding protein (XBP)1, ATF6α and the five NF-κB subunits. The combinatorial occupancy of numerous genomic regions (enhancers and promoters) coordinates the transcriptional activation or repression of hundreds of genes that collectively determine the balance between metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes and the extent of apoptosis and autophagy or repair of cell damage and survival. Here, we also discuss results from genetic experiments and chemical activators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that suggest a link to the cytosolic inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)α degradation pathway. These data show that the UPR affects this major control point of NF-κB activation through several mechanisms. Taken together, available evidence indicates that the UPR and NF-κB interact at multiple levels. This crosstalk provides ample opportunities to fine-tune cellular stress responses and could also be exploited therapeutically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Samer Shaban
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - B Vincent Albert
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Anke Gökçen
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Schubertstrasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Contreras-Nuñez E, Blancas-Flores G, Cruz M, Almanza-Perez JC, Gomez-Zamudio JH, Ventura-Gallegosc JL, Zentella-Dehesa A, Roman-Ramos R, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Participation of the IKK-α/β complex in the inhibition of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway by glycine: Possible involvement of a membrane receptor specific to adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:120-131. [PMID: 29550635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine modulates inflammatory processes mediated by macrophages and adipocytes through decreasing the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin, while increasing adiponectin. These effects have been associated with the inactivation of NF-κB in response to TNF-α, across an increase of its inhibitor IκB-α in adipocytes. However, glycine upstream mainly influences the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, a multi-protein kinase complex considered a critical point in regulation of the NF-κB pathway; whether that is responsible for the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IkB has not been explored. Additionally, although previous studies have described glycine interactions with specific receptors (GlyR) in different immune system cell types, it is currently unknown whether adipocytes present GlyR. In this research, participation of the IKK-α/β complex in the inhibition of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway by glycine was evaluated and associated with the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, we also explored GlyR expression, its localization on the plasmatic membrane, intracellular calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i and strychnine antagonist action over the GlyR in these cells. Glycine decreased the IKK-α/β complex and the phosphorylation of NF-κB, diminishing the expression and secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, but increasing that of adiponectin. GlyR expression and its fluorescence in the plasma membrane were increased in the presence of glycine. In addition, glycine decreased [Ca2+]i; whereas strychnine + glycine treatment inhibited the activation of NF-κB observed with glycine. In conclusion, the reduction of TNF-α and IL-6 and suppression of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway by glycine may be explained in part by inhibition of the IKK-α/β complex, with a possible participation of GlyR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Contreras-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica (UIM), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Perez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime H Gomez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica (UIM), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Ventura-Gallegosc
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, IIB, UNAM, SZ, CDMX, Mexico; Unidad de Bioquimica Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, IIB, UNAM, SZ, CDMX, Mexico; Unidad de Bioquimica Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Ruben Roman-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Resveratrol suppresses hyperglycemia-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 via c-Jun and RelA gene regulation. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:10. [PMID: 30159261 PMCID: PMC6108266 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resveratrol (RSV) provides several important biological functions in wide variety of cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effect of RSV on HepG2 cells by assessing the gene expression of RelA and c-Jun- subunits of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors.
Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in a serum- free medium with high concentrations of glucose (30 mM) and insulin (1 µM) overnight and were then incubated with RSV (5, 10, and 20 µM) for 24 and 48 hours. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine RelA and c-Jun expression.
Results: RSV diminished hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia stimulated expression of c-Jun dose- dependently after 24 and 48 hours (p<0.05). In addition, RelA gene expression was decreased dose-dependently in all RSV doses after 48-hour incubation (p<0.05). Our results indicated that RSV may reduce NF-κB and AP-1 activity via RelA and c-Jun gene regulation.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that RSV may be considered as a preventative and therapeutic agent for antagonizing inflammation in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Sarubbo F, Esteban S, Miralles A, Moranta D. Effects of Resveratrol and other Polyphenols on Sirt1: Relevance to Brain Function During Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:126-136. [PMID: 28676015 PMCID: PMC5883375 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170703113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classically the oxidative stress and more recently inflammatory processes have been identified as the major causes of brain aging. Oxidative stress and inflammation affect each other, but there is more information about the effects of oxidative stress on aging than regarding the contribution of inflammation on it. METHODS In the intense research for methods to delay or mitigate the effects of aging, are interesting polyphenols, natural molecules synthesized by plants (e.g. resveratrol). Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make them useful molecules in the prevention of aging. RESULTS The antiaging effects of polyphenols could be due to several related mechanisms, among which are the prevention of oxidative stress, SIRT1 activation and inflammaging modulation, via regulation of some signaling pathways, such as NF-κB. CONCLUSION In this review, we describe the positive effects of polyphenols on the prevention of the changes that occur during aging in the brain and their consequences on cognition, emphasizing the possible modulation of inflammaging by polyphenols through a SIRT1-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Sarubbo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - S. Esteban
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - A. Miralles
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - D. Moranta
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Mallorca, Spain
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Cavaleri F. Presenting a New Standard Drug Model for Turmeric and Its Prized Extract, Curcumin. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:5023429. [PMID: 29568482 PMCID: PMC5820622 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5023429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various parts of the turmeric plant have been used as medicinal treatment for various conditions from ulcers and arthritis to cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. The rhizome's curcumin extract is the most studied active constituent, which exhibits an expansive polypharmacology with influence on many key inflammatory markers. Despite the expansive reports of curcucmin's therapeutic value, clinical reliability and research repeatability with curcumin treatment are still poor. The pharmacology must be better understood and reliably mapped if curcumin is to be accepted and used in modern medical applications. Although the polypharmacology of this extract has been considered, in mainstream medicine, to be a drawback, a perspective change reveals a comprehensive and even synergistic shaping of the NF-kB pathway, including transactivation. Much of the inconsistent research data and unreliable clinical outcomes may be due to a lack of standardization which also pervades research standard samples. The possibility of other well-known curcumin by-products contributing in the polypharmacology is also discussed. A new flowchart of crosstalk in transduction pathways that lead to shaping of nuclear NF-kB transactivation is generated and a new calibration or standardization protocol for the extract is proposed which could lead to more consistent data extraction and improved reliability in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaleri
- Biologic Pharmamedical Research, 688-2397 King George Blvd., White Rock, BC, Canada V4A7E9
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MicroRNA gga-miR-130b Suppresses Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Replication via Targeting of the Viral Genome and Cellular Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 5. J Virol 2017; 92:JVI.01646-17. [PMID: 29046449 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01646-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally through silencing or degrading their targets, thus playing important roles in the immune response. However, the role of miRNAs in the host response against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection is not clear. In this study, we show that the expression of a series of miRNAs was significantly altered in DF-1 cells after IBDV infection. We found that the miRNA gga-miR-130b inhibited IBDV replication via targeting the specific sequence of IBDV segment A and enhanced the expression of beta interferon (IFN-β) by targeting suppressors of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) in host cells. These findings indicate that gga-miR-130b-3p plays a crucial role in host defense against IBDV infection.IMPORTANCE This work shows that gga-miR-130b suppresses IBDV replication via directly targeting the viral genome and cellular SOCS5, the negative regulator for type I interferon expression, revealing the mechanism underlying gga-miR-130-induced inhibition of IBDV replication. This information will be helpful for the understanding of how host cells combat pathogenic infection by self-encoded small RNA and furthers our knowledge of the role of microRNAs in the cell response to viral infection.
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Greene-Roethke C. Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Summary Review of This Rare Ectodermal Dysplasia With Neurologic Manifestations, Including Treatment Protocols. J Pediatr Health Care 2017; 31:e45-e52. [PMID: 28870493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia caused by a defect in the IKBKG gene (formerly known as NEMO). There are 27.6 new cases per year worldwide; 65% to 75% are sporadic mutations, and 25% to 35% are familial. It is usually lethal in males, but females survive because of X-inactivation mosaicism. The disorder is typically identified by unique skin findings, a series of four stages that emerge throughout the first year of life. The central nervous system manifestations in the eye and in the brain cause the most disability. Defects of hair, nails, and teeth occur, and there can be other systemic involvement. Surveillance protocols for medical management have been established by the Incontinentia Pigmenti International Foundation. This article will summarize the existing knowledge of this condition and detail the protocols to help manage the care of the infant or child who presents with incontinentia pigmenti.
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Imran M, Ullah A, Saeed F, Nadeem M, Arshad MU, Suleria HAR. Cucurmin, anticancer, & antitumor perspectives: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1271-1293. [PMID: 27874279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1252711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cucurmin, a naturally yellow component isolated from turmeric, ability to prevent various life-style related disorders. The current review article mainly emphasizes on different anticancer perspectives of cucurmin, i.e., colon, cervical, uterine, ovarian, prostate head and neck, breast, pulmonary, stomach and gastric, pancreatic, bladder oral, oesophageal, and bone cancer. It holds a mixture of strong bioactive molecule known as cucurminoids that has ability to reduce cancer/tumor at initial, promotion and progression stages of tumor development. In particular, these compounds block several enzymes required for the growth of tumors and may therefore involve in tumor treatments. Moreover, it modulates an array of cellular progressions, i.e., nitric oxide synthetase activity, protein kinase C activity, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor intrinsic kinase activity, nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) activity, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species. However, current manuscript summarizes most of the recent investigations of cucurmin but still further research should be conducted to explore the role of curcumin to mitigate various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- a Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences , Imperial College of Business Studies , Lahore , Pakistan.,b National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah
- e Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- c Institute of Home & Food Sciences , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- d Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- c Institute of Home & Food Sciences , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Singh P, Hanson PS, Morris CM. SIRT1 ameliorates oxidative stress induced neural cell death and is down-regulated in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:46. [PMID: 28578695 PMCID: PMC5455114 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylases which are conserved from bacteria to humans and have been associated with longevity and lifespan extension. SIRT1, the best studied mammalian SIRT is involved in many physiological and pathological processes and changes in SIRT1 have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, with SIRT1 having a suggested protective role in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we determined the effect of SIRT1 on cell survival and α-synuclein aggregate formation in SH-SY5Y cells following oxidative stress. Results Over-expression of SIRT1 protected SH-SY5Y cells from toxin induced cell death and the protection conferred by SIRT1 was partially independent of its deacetylase activity, which was associated with the repression of NF-кB and cPARP expression. SIRT1 reduced the formation of α-synuclein aggregates but showed minimal co-localisation with α-synuclein. In post-mortem brain tissue obtained from patients with Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease, the activity of SIRT1 was observed to be down-regulated. Conclusions These findings suggests a negative effect of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders and possibly explain the reduced activity of SIRT1 in neurodegenerative disorders. Our study shows that SIRT1 is a pro-survival protein that is downregulated under cellular stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0364-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Lewy Body Disorders, and Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PJ, UK
| | - Peter S Hanson
- Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Lewy Body Disorders, and Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PJ, UK.
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Wu JS, Chang JY, Chen CW, Lin MT, Sheu DC, Lee SM. Neokestose suppresses the growth of human melanoma A2058 cells via inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:295-300. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lim SG, Kim JK, Suk K, Lee WH. Crosstalk between signals initiated from TLR4 and cell surface BAFF results in synergistic induction of proinflammatory mediators in THP-1 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45826. [PMID: 28374824 PMCID: PMC5379196 DOI: 10.1038/srep45826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular response to stimulation is mediated by meshwork of signaling pathways that may share common signaling adaptors. Here, we present data demonstrating that signaling pathways initiated from the membrane-bound form of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) can crosstalk with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signaling for synergistic expression of proinflammatory mediators in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1. Co-treatment of the cells with BAFF-specific monoclonal antibody and LPS resulted in enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK)-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 subunit (Ser276), which then interacts with CREB binding protein (CBP) for subsequent acetylation. Simultaneously, the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was enhanced through the combined action of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and MAPK/MSK pathways, and the resulting phospho-CREB interacted with the NF-κB/CBP complex. Transfection of CREB-specific siRNA inhibited the BAFF-mediated enhancing effect indicating that the formation of the CREB/NF-κB/CBP complex is required for the synergistic induction of the proinflammatory genes. These findings indicate that BAFF-mediated reverse signaling can modulate LPS-induced inflammatory activation through regulation of NF-κB and CREB activity and point out the necessity to re-evaluate the role of BAFF in diseases where its expression is high in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Martincuks A, Andryka K, Küster A, Schmitz-Van de Leur H, Komorowski M, Müller-Newen G. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 and NF-κB are independent of each other but NF-κB supports expression and activation of STAT3. Cell Signal 2017; 32:36-47. [PMID: 28089769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB and STAT3 are essential transcription factors in immunity and act at the interface of the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. Different functional crosstalks between NF-κB and STAT3 have been recently described arguing for a direct interaction of both proteins. During a systematic analysis of NF-κB/STAT3 crosstalk we observed that appearance of the subcellular distribution of NF-κB and STAT3 in immunofluorescence heavily depends on the fixation procedure. Therefore, we established an optimized fixation protocol for the reliable simultaneous analysis of the subcellular distributions of both transcription factors. Using this protocol we found that cytokine-induced nuclear accumulation of NF-κB or STAT3 did not alter the subcellular distribution of the other transcription factor. Both knockout and overexpression of STAT3 does not have any major effect on canonical TNFα-NF-κB signalling in MEF or HeLa cells. Similarly, knockout of p65 did not alter nuclear accumulation of STAT3 in response to IL-6. However, p65 expression correlates with elevated total cellular levels of STAT3 and STAT1 and supports activation of these transcription factors. Our findings in MEF cells argue against a direct physical interaction of free cellular NF-κB and STAT3 but point to more intricate functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Martincuks
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- Systems Biology of Biochemical Signalling, Laboratory of Modelling in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michal Komorowski
- Systems Biology of Biochemical Signalling, Laboratory of Modelling in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Thiagarajan D, Vedantham S, Ananthakrishnan R, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Mechanisms of transcription factor acetylation and consequences in hearts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:2221-2231. [PMID: 27543804 PMCID: PMC5159280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation of proteins as a post-translational modification is gaining rapid acceptance as a cellular control mechanism on par with other protein modification mechanisms such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Through genetic manipulations and evolving proteomic technologies, identification and consequences of transcription factor acetylation is beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize the field and discuss newly unfolding mechanisms and consequences of transcription factor acetylation in normal and stressed hearts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, New York 10016, United States
| | | | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, New York 10016, United States.
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Late-Life Environmental Enrichment Induces Acetylation Events and Nuclear Factor κB-Dependent Regulations in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats Showing Improved Plasticity and Learning. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4351-61. [PMID: 27076430 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3239-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aging weakens memory functions. Exposing healthy rodents or pathological rodent models to environmental enrichment (EE) housing improves their cognitive functions by changing neuronal levels of excitation, cellular signaling, and plasticity, notably in the hippocampus. At the molecular level, brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) represents an important player that supports EE-associated changes. EE facilitation of learning was also shown to correlate with chromatin acetylation in the hippocampus. It is not known, however, whether such mechanisms are still into play during aging. In this study, we exposed a cohort of aged rats (18-month-old) to either a 6 month period of EE or standard housing conditions and investigated chromatin acetylation-associated events [histone acetyltranferase activity, gene expression, and histone 3 (H3) acetylation] and epigenetic modulation of the Bdnf gene under rest conditions and during learning. We show that EE leads to upregulation of acetylation-dependent mechanisms in aged rats, whether at rest or following a learning challenge. We found an increased expression of Bdnf through Exon-I-dependent transcription, associated with an enrichment of acetylated H3 at several sites of Bdnf promoter I, more particularly on a proximal nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) site under learning conditions. We further evidenced p65/NF-κB binding to chromatin at promoters of genes important for plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning (e.g., Bdnf, CamK2D). Altogether, our findings demonstrate that aged rats respond to a belated period of EE by increasing hippocampal plasticity, together with activating sustained acetylation-associated mechanisms recruiting NF-κB and promoting related gene transcription. These responses are likely to trigger beneficial effects associated with EE during aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Aging weakens memory functions. Optimizing the neuronal circuitry required for normal brain function can be achieved by increasing sensory, motor, and cognitive stimuli resulting from interactions with the environment (behavioral therapy). This can be experimentally modeled by exposing rodents to environmental enrichment (EE), as with large cages, numerous and varied toys, and interaction with other rodents. However, EE effects in aged rodents has been poorly studied, and it is not known whether beneficial mechanisms evidenced in the young adults can still be recruited during aging. Our study shows that aged rats respond to a belated period of EE by activating specific epigenetic and transcriptional signaling that promotes gene expression likely to facilitate plasticity and learning behaviors.
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Ding HY, Wu PS, Wu MJ. Cleome rutidosperma and Euphorbia thymifolia Suppress Inflammatory Response via Upregulation of Phase II Enzymes and Modulation of NF-κB and JNK Activation in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091420. [PMID: 27618898 PMCID: PMC5037699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Euphorbia thymifolia L. are herbal medicines used in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine to treat various illnesses. Reports document that they have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in their anti-inflammatory actions have not yet been elucidated. The anti-neuroinflammatory activities and underlying mechanisms of ethanol extracts of Cleome rutidosperma (CR) and Euphorbia thymifolia (ET) were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cell line BV2. The morphology changes and production of pro-inflammatory mediators were assayed. Gene expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, as well as phase II enzymes such as heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), were further investigated using reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-Q-PCR) and Western blotting. The effects of CR and ET on mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways were examined using Western blotting and specific inhibitors. CR and ET suppressed BV2 activation, down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 expression and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) overproduction without affecting cell viability. They reduced LPS-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 production, attenuated IL-1β and CCL2 expression, but upregulated HO-1, GCLM and NQO1 expression. They also inhibited p65 NF-κB phosphorylation and modulated Jun-N terminal kinase (JNK) activation in BV2 cells. SP600125, the JNK inhibitor, significantly augmented the anti-IL-6 activity of ET. NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, enhanced the anti-IL-6 effects of both CR and ET. Znpp, a competitive inhibitor of HO-1, attenuated the anti-NO effects of CR and ET. Our results show that CR and ET exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory activities by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator expression and production, upregulating HO-1, GCLM and NQO1, blocking NF-κB and modulating JNK signaling pathways. They may offer therapeutic potential for suppressing overactivated microglia and alleviating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Yu Ding
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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Pradère JP, Hernandez C, Koppe C, Friedman RA, Luedde T, Schwabe RF. Negative regulation of NF-κB p65 activity by serine 536 phosphorylation. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra85. [PMID: 27555662 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a master regulator of inflammation and cell death. Whereas most of the activity of NF-κB is regulated through the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK)-dependent degradation of IκB, IKK also phosphorylates subunits of NF-κB. We investigated the contribution of the phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 at the IKK phosphorylation site serine 536 (Ser(536)) in humans, which is thought to be required for the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Through experiments with knock-in mice (S534A mice) expressing a mutant p65 with an alanine-to-serine substitution at position 534 (the murine homolog of human Ser(536)), we observed increased expression of NF-κB-dependent genes after injection of mice with the inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or exposure to gamma irradiation, and the enhanced gene expression was most pronounced at late time points. Compared to wild-type mice, S534A mice displayed increased mortality after injection with LPS. Increased NF-κB signaling in the S534A mice was at least in part explained by the increased stability of the S534A p65 protein compared to that of the Ser(534)-phosphorylated wild-type protein. Together, our results suggest that Ser(534) phosphorylation of p65 in mice (and, by extension, Ser(536) phosphorylation of human p65) is not required for its nuclear translocation, but instead inhibits NF-κB signaling to prevent deleterious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christiane Koppe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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40
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Paneghetti L, Ng YSE. A novel endothelial-derived anti-inflammatory activity significantly inhibits spontaneous choroidal neovascularisation in a mouse model. Vasc Cell 2016; 8:2. [PMID: 27175278 PMCID: PMC4864930 DOI: 10.1186/s13221-016-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (EC) grown on collagen particles inhibit intimal hyperplasia in animal models when applied perivascularly, and this effect appears to be, at least in part, the result of EC-derived soluble factors that suppress local vascular inflammation. To elucidate the molecular basis of the therapeutic effects of EC grown on collagen particles, the anti-inflammatory activity of conditioned medium from these cells was characterized. METHODS Human aortic EC (HAEC) and, for chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) were treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the presence of conditioned medium generated by HAEC grown on collagen particles (ECPCM), and the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by analysing the expression of the inflammation-related adhesion molecules E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The therapeutic activity of ECPCM was studied using the mouse strain JR5558, which develops spontaneous choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) lesions driven by local inflammation. RESULTS ECPCM significantly suppressed TNFα-induced expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1. ECPCM did not affect the mRNA stability of the two genes, but suppressed TNFα-induced binding of the p65 subunit of NF-kB transcription factor to E-selectin and VCAM-1 promoters. In vivo, systemic ECPCM treatment significantly reduced the CNV area and the recruitment of activated macrophages to the lesions. Characterization of the molecule responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity in ECPCM indicates that it is unlikely to be a protein and that it is not any of the better characterized EC-derived anti-inflammatory molecules. CONCLUSIONS Medium conditioned by HAEC grown on collagen particles exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of genes that mediate inflammatory responses in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paneghetti
- />UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- />Xeptagen S.p.A., Marghera Venice, Italy
| | - Yin-Shan Eric Ng
- />UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- />Schepens Eye Research Institute, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Alexander KE, Cooper BA, Paul SM, Yates P, Aouizerat BE, Miaskowski C. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics associated with various domains of quality of life in oncology patients and their family caregivers. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:2853-2868. [PMID: 27160108 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Not all oncology patients and their family caregivers (FCs) experience the same quality of life (QOL). The purposes of this study were to identify latent classes of oncology patients (n = 168) and their FCs (n = 85) with distinct physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being trajectories from prior to through 4 months after the completion of radiation therapy and to evaluate for demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics that distinguished between these latent classes. METHODS Using growth mixture modeling, two latent classes were found for three (i.e., physical, psychological, and social well-being) of the four QOL domains evaluated. RESULTS Across these three domains, the largest percentage of participants reported relatively high well-being scores across the 6 months of the study. Across these three QOL domains, patients and FCs who were younger, female, belonged to an ethnic minority group, had children at home, had multiple comorbid conditions, or had a lower functional status, were more likely to be classified in the lower QOL class. The social well-being domain was the only domain that had a polymorphism in nuclear factor kappa beta 2 (NFKB2) associated with latent class membership. Carrying one or two doses of the rare allele for rs7897947 was associated with a 54 % decrease in the odds of belonging to the lower social well-being class [OR (95 % CI) = .46 (.21, .99), p = .049]. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a number of phenotypic and molecular characteristics contribute to differences in QOL in oncology patients and their FCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Alexander
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way - N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way - N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | - Patsy Yates
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way - N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA.
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Asymmetric arginine dimethylation of RelA provides a repressive mark to modulate TNFα/NF-κB response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4326-31. [PMID: 27051065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522372113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor that plays critical roles in immune and stress responses and is often implicated in pathologies, including chronic inflammation and cancer. Although much has been learned about NF-κB-activating pathways, the specific repression of NF-κB is far less well understood. Here we identified the type I protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a restrictive factor controlling TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB. PRMT1 forms a cellular complex with NF-κB through direct interaction with the Rel homology domain of RelA. We demonstrate that PRMT1 methylates RelA at evolutionary conserved R30, located in the DNA-binding L1 loop, which is a critical residue required for DNA binding. Asymmetric R30 dimethylation inhibits the binding of RelA to DNA and represses NF-κB target genes in response to TNFα. Molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA-bound RelA:p50 predicted structural changes in RelA caused by R30 methylation or a mutation that interferes with the stability of the DNA-NF-κB complex. Our findings provide evidence for the asymmetric arginine dimethylation of RelA and unveil a unique mechanism controlling TNFα/NF-κB signaling.
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Liu X, Berry CT, Ruthel G, Madara JJ, MacGillivray K, Gray CM, Madge LA, McCorkell KA, Beiting DP, Hershberg U, May MJ, Freedman BD. T Cell Receptor-induced Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Signaling and Transcriptional Activation Are Regulated by STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Calcium Entry. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8440-52. [PMID: 26826124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation following antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) to activate the key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) and NF-κB. The mechanism of NFAT activation by Ca(2+) has been determined. However, the role of Ca(2+) in controlling NF-κB signaling is poorly understood, and the source of Ca(2+) required for NF-κB activation is unknown. We demonstrate that TCR- but not TNF-induced NF-κB signaling upstream of IκB kinase activation absolutely requires the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) via STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+)/Orai channels. We further show that Ca(2+) influx controls phosphorylation of the NF-κB protein p65 on Ser-536 and that this posttranslational modification controls its nuclear localization and transcriptional activation. Notably, our data reveal that this role for Ca(2+) is entirely separate from its upstream control of IκBα degradation, thereby identifying a novel Ca(2+)-dependent distal step in TCR-induced NF-κB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that this control of distal signaling occurs via Ca(2+)-dependent PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of p65. Thus, we establish the source of Ca(2+) required for TCR-induced NF-κB activation and define a new distal Ca(2+)-dependent checkpoint in TCR-induced NF-κB signaling that has broad implications for the control of immune cell development and T cell functional specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corbett T Berry
- From the Departments of Pathobiology and the School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn M Gray
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Lisa A Madge
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Kelly A McCorkell
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | | | - Uri Hershberg
- the School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Michael J May
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
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Frasor J, El-Shennawy L, Stender JD, Kastrati I. NFκB affects estrogen receptor expression and activity in breast cancer through multiple mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:235-9. [PMID: 25450861 PMCID: PMC4402093 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) and NFκB are two widely expressed, pleiotropic transcription factors that have been shown to interact and affect one another's activity. While the ability of ER to repress NFκB activity has been extensively studied and is thought to underlie the anti-inflammatory activity of estrogens, how NFκB signaling affects ER activity is less clear. This is a particularly important question in breast cancer since activation of NFκB in ER positive tumors is associated with failure of endocrine and chemotherapies. In this review, we provide an update on the multiple mechanisms by which NFκB can influence ER activity, including down-regulation of ER expression, enhanced ER recruitment to DNA, and increased transcriptional activity of both liganded and unliganded ER. Additionally, a novel example of NFκB potentiation of ER-dependent gene repression is reviewed. Together, these mechanisms can alter response to endocrine therapies and may underlie the poor outcome for women with ER positive tumors that have active NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lamiaa El-Shennawy
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joshua D Stender
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irida Kastrati
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Phosphorylation of Single Stranded RNA Virus Proteins and Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Viruses 2015; 7:5257-73. [PMID: 26473910 PMCID: PMC4632380 DOI: 10.3390/v7102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post translational modification of proteins is a critical requirement that regulates function. Among the diverse kinds of protein post translational modifications, phosphorylation plays essential roles in protein folding, protein:protein interactions, signal transduction, intracellular localization, transcription regulation, cell cycle progression, survival and apoptosis. Protein phosphorylation is also essential for many intracellular pathogens to establish a productive infection cycle. Preservation of protein phosphorylation moieties in pathogens in a manner that mirrors the host components underscores the co-evolutionary trajectory of pathogens and hosts, and sheds light on how successful pathogens have usurped, either in part or as a whole, the host enzymatic machinery. Phosphorylation of viral proteins for many acute RNA viruses including Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses has been demonstrated to be critical for protein functionality. This review focuses on phosphorylation modifications that have been documented to occur on viral proteins with emphasis on acutely infectious, single stranded RNA viruses. The review additionally explores the possibility of repurposing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved inhibitors as antivirals for the treatment of acute RNA viral infections.
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Lo J, Lau EYT, Ching RHH, Cheng BYL, Ma MKF, Ng IOL, Lee TKW. Nuclear factor kappa B-mediated CD47 up-regulation promotes sorafenib resistance and its blockade synergizes the effect of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Hepatology 2015; 62:534-45. [PMID: 25902734 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sorafenib is a new standard treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the survival benefit of this treatment is modest, partly owing to drug resistance. Recent evidence has demonstrated the existence of tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) as the culprit for treatment resistance. To examine whether sorafenib resistance was a result of the presence of liver T-ICs, we developed sorafenib-resistant HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo through continuous exposure to sorafenib. Using these models, we found that sorafenib-resistant clones demonstrated enhanced T-IC properties, including tumorigenicity, self-renewal, and invasiveness. In addition, several T-IC markers were found to be up-regulated, among which CD47 was found to be most significant. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and expression analyses, CD47 expression was found to be regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) through a specific response element in the promoter of CD47, and the site occupancy and expression were increased and decreased upon stimulation and inhibition of NF-κB, respectively. Consistently, NF-κB was activated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, and this finding was confirmed in clinical HCC samples, which showed a positive correlation between NF-κB and CD47 expression. Functional characterization of CD47 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells was evaluated using a lentivirus-based knockdown approach and showed increased sensitization to sorafenib upon CD47 knockdown. Furthermore, blockade of CD47 using anti-CD47 antibody (Ab) showed a similar effect. Using a patient-derived HCC xenograft mouse model, we found that anti-CD47 Ab (500 μg/mouse) in combination with sorafenib (100 mg/kg, orally) exerted synergistic effects on tumor suppression, as compared with sorafenib and anti-CD47 Ab alone. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB-mediated CD47 up-regulation promotes sorafenib resistance, and targeting CD47 in combination with sorafenib is an attractive therapeutic regimen for the treatment of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lo
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eunice Yuen Ting Lau
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel Hiu Ha Ching
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bowie Yik Ling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mark Kin Fai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Kin Wah Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wang G, Rajpurohit SK, Delaspre F, Walker SL, White DT, Ceasrine A, Kuruvilla R, Li RJ, Shim JS, Liu JO, Parsons MJ, Mumm JS. First quantitative high-throughput screen in zebrafish identifies novel pathways for increasing pancreatic β-cell mass. eLife 2015; 4:e08261. [PMID: 26218223 PMCID: PMC4534842 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-organism chemical screening can circumvent bottlenecks that impede drug discovery. However, in vivo screens have not attained throughput capacities possible with in vitro assays. We therefore developed a method enabling in vivo high-throughput screening (HTS) in zebrafish, termed automated reporter quantification in vivo (ARQiv). In this study, ARQiv was combined with robotics to fully actualize whole-organism HTS (ARQiv-HTS). In a primary screen, this platform quantified cell-specific fluorescent reporters in >500,000 transgenic zebrafish larvae to identify FDA-approved (Federal Drug Administration) drugs that increased the number of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. 24 drugs were confirmed as inducers of endocrine differentiation and/or stimulators of β-cell proliferation. Further, we discovered novel roles for NF-κB signaling in regulating endocrine differentiation and for serotonergic signaling in selectively stimulating β-cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate the power of ARQiv-HTS for drug discovery and provide unique insights into signaling pathways controlling β-cell mass, potential therapeutic targets for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Surendra K Rajpurohit
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Fabien Delaspre
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Steven L Walker
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - David T White
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Alexis Ceasrine
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ruo-jing Li
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joong S Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jun O Liu
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michael J Parsons
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
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Schmitz ML, de la Vega L. New Insights into the Role of Histone Deacetylases as Coactivators of Inflammatory Gene Expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:85-98. [PMID: 24359078 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The expression and/or activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) can be regulated by a variety of environmental conditions, including inflammation and oxidative stress. These events result in diminished or exaggerated protein acetylation, both of which can be causative for many ailments. While the anti-inflammatory activity of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) is well known, recent studies started unraveling details of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-inflammatory function of HDACs. RECENT ADVANCES Recent evidence shows that HDACs are found in association with transcribed regions and ensure proper transcription by maintaining acetylation homeostasis. We also discuss current insights in the molecular mechanisms mediating acetylation-dependent inhibition of pro-inflammatory transcription factors of the NF-κB, HIF-1, IRF, and STAT families. CRITICAL ISSUES The high number of acetylations and the complexity of the regulatory consequences make it difficult to assign biological effects directly to a single acetylation event. The vast majority of acetylated proteins are nonhistone proteins, and it remains to be shown whether the therapeutic effects of HDACis are attributable to altered histone acetylation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In the traditional view, only exaggerated acetylation is harmful and causative for diseases. Recent data show the relevance of acetylation homeostasis and suggest that both diminished and inflated acetylation can enable the development of ailments. Since acetylation of nonhistone proteins is essential for the induction of a substantial part of the inflammatory gene expression program, HDACis are more than "epigenetic drugs." The identification of substrates for individual HDACs will be the prerequisite for the adequate use of highly specific HDACis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lienhard Schmitz
- 1 Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University , Giessen, Germany .,2 The German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- 3 Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee , Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) concentrate inhibits NF-κB and synergizes with selenium to inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:73-82. [PMID: 26079445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Black chokeberry has been known to play a protective role in human health due to its high polyphenolic content including anthocyanins and caffeic acid derivatives. In the present study, we first characterized the polyphenolic content of a commercial chokeberry concentrate and investigated its effect on LPS-induced NF-κB activation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages in the presence or the absence of sodium selenite. Examination of the phytochemical profile of the juice concentrate revealed high content of polyphenols (3.3%), including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Among them, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and caffeoylquinic acids were identified as the major compounds. Data indicated that chokeberry concentrate inhibited both the release of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 in human peripheral monocytes and the activation of the NF-κB pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, chokeberry synergizes with sodium selenite to inhibit NF-κB activation, cytokine release and PGE2 synthesis. These findings suggest that selenium added to chokeberry juice enhances significantly its anti-inflammatory activity, thus revealing a sound approach in order to tune the use of traditional herbals by combining them with micronutrients.
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Alexander K, Cooper B, Paul SM, West C, Yates P, Kober KM, Aouizerat BE, Miaskowski C. Evidence of associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and quality of life in patients with cancer and their family caregivers. Oncol Nurs Forum 2015; 41:E267-81. [PMID: 25158664 DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.e267-e281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To identify latent classes of individuals with distinct quality-of-life (QOL) trajectories, to evaluate for differences in demographic characteristics between the latent classes, and to evaluate for variations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes between the latent classes. DESIGN Descriptive, longitudinal study. SETTING Two radiation therapy departments located in a comprehensive cancer center and a community-based oncology program in northern California. SAMPLE 168 outpatients with prostate, breast, brain, or lung cancer and 85 of their family caregivers (FCs). METHODS Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was employed to identify latent classes of individuals based on QOL scores measured prior to, during, and for four months following completion of radiation therapy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in 16 candidate cytokine genes were tested between the latent classes. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships among genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and QOL GMM group membership. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES QOL latent class membership and variations in cytokine genes. FINDINGS Two latent QOL classes were found: higher and lower. Patients and FCs who were younger, identified with an ethnic minority group, had poorer functional status, or had children living at home were more likely to belong to the lower QOL class. After controlling for significant covariates, between-group differences were found in SNPs in interleukin 1 receptor 2 (IL1R2) and nuclear factor kappa beta 2 (NFKB2). For IL1R2, carrying one or two doses of the rare C allele was associated with decreased odds of belonging to the lower QOL class. For NFKB2, carriers with two doses of the rare G allele were more likely to belong to the lower QOL class. CONCLUSIONS Unique genetic markers in cytokine genes may partially explain interindividual variability in QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Determination of high-risk characteristics and unique genetic markers would allow for earlier identification of patients with cancer and FCs at higher risk for poorer QOL. Knowledge of these risk factors could assist in the development of more targeted clinical or supportive care interventions for those identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Claudia West
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Patsy Yates
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology
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